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Li G, Huang H, Wu Y, Shu C, Hwang N, Li Q, Zhao R, Lam HC, Oldham WM, Ei-Chemaly S, Agrawal PB, Tian J, Liu X, Perrella MA. Striated preferentially expressed gene deficiency leads to mitochondrial dysfunction in developing cardiomyocytes. Basic Res Cardiol 2024; 119:151-168. [PMID: 38145999 PMCID: PMC10837246 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-01029-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
A deficiency of striated preferentially expressed gene (Speg), a member of the myosin light chain kinase family, results in abnormal myofibril structure and function of immature cardiomyocytes (CMs), corresponding with a dilated cardiomyopathy, heart failure and perinatal death. Mitochondrial development plays a role in cardiomyocyte maturation. Therefore, this study investigated whether Speg deficiency ( - / - ) in CMs would result in mitochondrial abnormalities. Speg wild-type and Speg-/- C57BL/6 littermate mice were utilized for assessment of mitochondrial structure by transmission electron and confocal microscopies. Speg was expressed in the first and second heart fields at embryonic (E) day 7.5, prior to the expression of mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+/Li+ exchanger (NCLX) at E8.5. Decreases in NCLX expression (E11.5) and the mitochondrial-to-nuclear DNA ratio (E13.5) were observed in Speg-/- hearts. Imaging of E18.5 Speg-/- hearts revealed abnormal mitochondrial cristae, corresponding with decreased ATP production in cells fed glucose or palmitate, increased levels of mitochondrial superoxide and depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential. Interestingly, phosphorylated (p) PGC-1α, a key mediator of mitochondrial development, was significantly reduced in Speg-/- hearts during screening for targeted genes. Besides Z-line expression, Speg partially co-localized with PGC-1α in the sarcomeric region and was found in the same complex by co-immunoprecipitation. Overexpression of a Speg internal serine/threonine kinase domain in Speg-/- CMs promoted translocation of pPGC-1α into the nucleus, and restored ATP production that was abolished by siRNA-mediated silencing of PGC-1α. Our results demonstrate a critical role of Speg in mitochondrial development and energy metabolism in CMs, mediated in part by phosphorylation of PGC-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gu Li
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Cardiology, and Department of Pulmonary, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400015, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yanshuang Wu
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Chang Shu
- Department of Cardiology, and Department of Pulmonary, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400015, China
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Narae Hwang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Qifei Li
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Jackson Health System, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Rose Zhao
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hilaire C Lam
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - William M Oldham
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Souheil Ei-Chemaly
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Pankaj B Agrawal
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Jackson Health System, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Jie Tian
- Department of Cardiology, and Department of Pulmonary, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400015, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Mark A Perrella
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Fassina D, M Costa C, Bishop M, Plank G, Whitaker J, Harding SE, Niederer SA. Assessing the arrhythmogenic risk of engineered heart tissue patches through in silico application on infarcted ventricle models. Comput Biol Med 2023; 154:106550. [PMID: 36701966 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.106550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post myocardial infarction (MI) ventricles contain fibrotic tissue and may have disrupted electrical properties, both of which predispose to an increased risk of life-threatening arrhythmias. Application of epicardial patches obtained from human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) are a potential long-term therapy to treat heart failure resulting from post MI remodelling. However, whether the introduction of these patches is anti- or pro-arrhythmic has not been studied. METHODS We studied arrhythmic risk using in silico engineered heart tissue (EHT) patch engraftment on human post-MI ventricular models. Two patient models were studied, including one with a large dense scar and one with an apparent channel of preserved viability bordered on both sides by scar. In each heart model a virtual EHT patch was introduced as a layer of viable tissue overlying the scarred area, with hiPSC-CMs electrophysiological properties. The incidence of re-entrant and sustained activation in simulations with and without EHT patches was assessed and the arrhythmia inducibility compared in the context of different EHT patch properties (conduction velocity (CV) and action potential duration (APD)). The impact of the EHT patch on the likelihood of focal ectopic impulse propagation was estimated by assessing the minimum stimulus strength and duration required to generate a propagating impulse in the scar border zone (BZ) with and without patch. RESULTS We uncovered two main mechanisms by which ventricular tachycardia (VT) risk could be either augmented or attenuated by the interaction of the patch with the tissue. In the case of isthmus-related VT, our simulations predict that EHT patches can prevent the induction of VT when the, generally longer, hiPSC-CMs APD is reduced towards more physiological values. In the case of large dense scar, we found that, an EHT patch with CV similar to the host myocardium does not promote VT, while EHT patches with lower CV increase the risk of VT, by promoting both non-sustained and sustained re-entry. Finally, our simulations indicate that electrically coupled EHT patches reduce the likelihood of propagation of focal ectopic impulses. CONCLUSIONS The introduction of EHT patches as a treatment for heart failure has the potential to augment or attenuate the risk of ventricular arrhythmias, and variations in the anatomic configuration of the substrate, the functional properties of the BZ and the electrophysiologic properties of the patch itself will determine the overall impact. Planning for delivery of this therapy will need to consider the possible impact on arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Fassina
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Caroline M Costa
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Martin Bishop
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Sian E Harding
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Steven A Niederer
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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Gene-Edited Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines to Elucidate DAND5 Function throughout Cardiac Differentiation. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040520. [PMID: 36831187 PMCID: PMC9954670 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The contribution of gene-specific variants for congenital heart disease, one of the most common congenital disabilities, is still far from our complete understanding. Here, we applied a disease model using human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to evaluate the function of DAND5 on human cardiomyocyte (CM) differentiation and proliferation. (2) Methods: Taking advantage of our DAND5 patient-derived iPSC line, we used CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing to generate a set of isogenic hiPSCs (DAND5-corrected and DAND5 full-mutant). The hiPSCs were differentiated into CMs, and RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence profiled the expression of cardiac markers. Cardiomyocyte proliferation was analysed by flow cytometry. Furthermore, we used a multi-electrode array (MEA) to study the functional electrophysiology of DAND5 hiPSC-CMs. (3) Results: The results indicated that hiPSC-CM proliferation is affected by DAND5 levels. Cardiomyocytes derived from a DAND5 full-mutant hiPSC line are more proliferative when compared with gene-corrected hiPSC-CMs. Moreover, parallel cardiac differentiations showed a differential cardiac gene expression profile, with upregulated cardiac progenitor markers in DAND5-KO hiPSC-CMs. Microelectrode array (MEA) measurements demonstrated that DAND5-KO hiPSC-CMs showed prolonged field potential duration and increased spontaneous beating rates. In addition, conduction velocity is reduced in the monolayers of hiPSC-CMs with full-mutant genotype. (4) Conclusions: The absence of DAND5 sustains the proliferation of hiPSC-CMs, which alters their electrophysiological maturation properties. These results using DAND5 hiPSC-CMs consolidate the findings of the in vitro and in vivo mouse models, now in a translational perspective. Altogether, the data will help elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying this human heart disease and potentiates new therapies for treating adult CHD.
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Van Tran V, Wi E, Shin SY, Lee D, Kim YA, Ma BC, Chang M. Microgels based on 0D-3D carbon materials: Synthetic techniques, properties, applications, and challenges. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135981. [PMID: 35964721 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microgels are three-dimensional (3D) colloidal hydrogel particles with outstanding features such as biocompatibility, good mechanical properties, tunable sizes from submicrometer to tens of nanometers, and large surface areas. Because of these unique qualities, microgels have been widely used in various applications. Carbon-based materials (CMs) with various dimensions (0-3D) have recently been investigated as promising candidates for the design and fabrication of microgels because of their large surface area, excellent conductivity, unique chemical stability, and low cost. Here, we provide a critical review of the specific characteristics of CMs that are being incorporated into microgels, as well as the state-of-the art applications of CM-microgels in pollutant adsorption and photodegradation, H2 evoluation, CO2 capture, soil conditioners, water retention, drug delivery, cell encapsulation, and tissue engineering. Advanced preparation techniques for CM-microgel systems are also summarized and discussed. Finally, challenges related to the low colloidal stability of CM-microgels and development strategies are examined. This review shows that CM-microgels have the potential to be widely used in various practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinh Van Tran
- Laser and Thermal Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, South Korea
| | - Eunsol Wi
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Seo Young Shin
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Daeho Lee
- Laser and Thermal Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, South Korea
| | - Yoong Ahm Kim
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea; School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea; Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Byung Chol Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea.
| | - Mincheol Chang
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea; School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea; Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea.
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Fassina D, Costa CM, Longobardi S, Karabelas E, Plank G, Harding SE, Niederer SA. Modelling the interaction between stem cells derived cardiomyocytes patches and host myocardium to aid non-arrhythmic engineered heart tissue design. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010030. [PMID: 35363778 PMCID: PMC9007348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Application of epicardial patches constructed from human-induced pluripotent stem cell- derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) has been proposed as a long-term therapy to treat scarred hearts post myocardial infarction (MI). Understanding electrical interaction between engineered heart tissue patches (EHT) and host myocardium represents a key step toward a successful patch engraftment. EHT retain different electrical properties with respect to the host heart tissue due to the hiPSC-CMs immature phenotype, which may lead to increased arrhythmia risk. We developed a modelling framework to examine the influence of patch design on electrical activation at the engraftment site. We performed an in silico investigation of different patch design approaches to restore pre-MI activation properties and evaluated the associated arrhythmic risk. We developed an in silico cardiac electrophysiology model of a transmural cross section of host myocardium. The model featured an infarct region, an epicardial patch spanning the infarct region and a bath region. The patch is modelled as a layer of hiPSC-CM, combined with a layer of conductive polymer (CP). Tissue and patch geometrical dimensions and conductivities were incorporated through 10 modifiable model parameters. We validated our model against 4 independent experimental studies and showed that it can qualitatively reproduce their findings. We performed a global sensitivity analysis (GSA) to isolate the most important parameters, showing that the stimulus propagation is mainly governed by the scar depth, radius and conductivity when the scar is not transmural, and by the EHT patch conductivity when the scar is transmural. We assessed the relevance of small animal studies to humans by comparing simulations of rat, rabbit and human myocardium. We found that stimulus propagation paths and GSA sensitivity indices are consistent across species. We explored which EHT design variables have the potential to restore physiological propagation. Simulations predict that increasing EHT conductivity from 0.28 to 1-1.1 S/m recovered physiological activation in rat, rabbit and human. Finally, we assessed arrhythmia risk related to increasing EHT conductivity and tested increasing the EHT Na+ channel density as an alternative strategy to match healthy activation. Our results revealed a greater arrhythmia risk linked to increased EHT conductivity compared to increased Na+ channel density. We demonstrated that our modeling framework could capture the interaction between host and EHT patches observed in in vitro experiments. We showed that large (patch and tissue dimensions) and small (cardiac myocyte electrophysiology) scale differences between small animals and humans do not alter EHT patch effect on infarcted tissue. Our model revealed that only when the scar is transmural do EHT properties impact activation times and isolated the EHT conductivity as the main parameter influencing propagation. We predicted that restoring physiological activation by tuning EHT conductivity is possible but may promote arrhythmic behavior. Finally, our model suggests that acting on hiPSC-CMs low action potential upstroke velocity and lack of IK1 may restore pre-MI activation while not promoting arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Fassina
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline M. Costa
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Longobardi
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elias Karabelas
- Institute of Mathematics & Scientific Computing, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gernot Plank
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center (for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging), Division Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sian E. Harding
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steven A. Niederer
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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Esmaeili H, Patino-Guerrero A, Hasany M, Ansari MO, Memic A, Dolatshahi-Pirouz A, Nikkhah M. Electroconductive biomaterials for cardiac tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2022; 139:118-140. [PMID: 34455109 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is still the leading cause of mortality worldwide. The success of cell-based therapies and tissue engineering strategies for treatment of injured myocardium have been notably hindered due to the limitations associated with the selection of a proper cell source, lack of engraftment of engineered tissues and biomaterials with the host myocardium, limited vascularity, as well as immaturity of the injected cells. The first-generation approaches in cardiac tissue engineering (cTE) have mainly relied on the use of desired cells (e.g., stem cells) along with non-conductive natural or synthetic biomaterials for in vitro construction and maturation of functional cardiac tissues, followed by testing the efficacy of the engineered tissues in vivo. However, to better recapitulate the native characteristics and conductivity of the cardiac muscle, recent approaches have utilized electroconductive biomaterials or nanomaterial components within engineered cardiac tissues. This review article will cover the recent advancements in the use of electrically conductive biomaterials in cTE. The specific emphasis will be placed on the use of different types of nanomaterials such as gold nanoparticles (GNPs), silicon-derived nanomaterials, carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNs), as well as electroconductive polymers (ECPs) for engineering of functional and electrically conductive cardiac tissues. We will also cover the recent progress in the use of engineered electroconductive tissues for in vivo cardiac regeneration applications. We will discuss the opportunities and challenges of each approach and provide our perspectives on potential avenues for enhanced cTE. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Myocardial infarction (MI) is still the primary cause of death worldwide. Over the past decade, electroconductive biomaterials have increasingly been applied in the field of cardiac tissue engineering. This review article provides the readers with the leading advances in the in vitro applications of electroconductive biomaterials for cTE along with an in-depth discussion of injectable/transplantable electroconductive biomaterials and their delivery methods for in vivo MI treatment. The article also discusses the knowledge gaps in the field and offers possible novel avenues for improved cardiac tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Esmaeili
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | | | - Masoud Hasany
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Adnan Memic
- Center of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alireza Dolatshahi-Pirouz
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark; Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mehdi Nikkhah
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; Biodesign Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
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Hunkler HJ, Groß S, Thum T, Bär C. Non-coding RNAs: key regulators of reprogramming, pluripotency, and cardiac cell specification with therapeutic perspective for heart regeneration. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:3071-3084. [PMID: 34718448 PMCID: PMC9732524 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction causes a massive loss of cardiomyocytes (CMs), which can lead to heart failure accompanied by fibrosis, stiffening of the heart, and loss of function. Heart failure causes high mortality rates and is a huge socioeconomic burden, which, based on diets and lifestyle in the developed world, is expected to increase further in the next years. At present, the only curative treatment for heart failure is heart transplantation associated with a number of limitations such as donor organ availability and transplant rejection among others. Thus, the development of cellular reprogramming and defined differentiation protocols provide exciting new possibilities for cell therapy approaches and which opened up a new era in regenerative medicine. Consequently, tremendous research efforts were undertaken to gain a detailed molecular understanding of the reprogramming processes and the in vitro differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into functional CMs for transplantation into the patient's injured heart. In the last decade, non-coding RNAs, particularly microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs emerged as critical regulators of gene expression that were shown to fine-tune cellular processes both on the transcriptional and the post-transcriptional level. Unsurprisingly, also cellular reprogramming, pluripotency, and cardiac differentiation and maturation are regulated by non-coding RNAs. In here, we review the current knowledge on non-coding RNAs in these processes and highlight how their modulation may enhance the quality and quantity of stem cells and their derivatives for safe and efficient clinical application in patients with heart failure. In addition, we summarize the clinical cell therapy efforts undertaken thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J Hunkler
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sonja Groß
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Thum
- Corresponding authors. Tel: +49 511 532 5272; fax: +49 511 532 5274, E-mail: (T.T.); Tel: +49 511 532 2883; fax: +49 511 532 5274, E-mail: (C.B.)
| | - Christian Bär
- Corresponding authors. Tel: +49 511 532 5272; fax: +49 511 532 5274, E-mail: (T.T.); Tel: +49 511 532 2883; fax: +49 511 532 5274, E-mail: (C.B.)
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Talebi A, Labbaf S, Atari M, Parhizkar M. Polymeric Nanocomposite Structures Based on Functionalized Graphene with Tunable Properties for Nervous Tissue Replacement. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:4591-4601. [PMID: 34461017 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Electroconductive scaffolds can be a promising approach to repair conductive tissues when natural healing fails. Recently, nerve tissue engineering constructs have been widely investigated due to the challenges in creating a structure with optimized physiochemical and mechanical properties close to the native tissue. The goal of the current study was to fabricate graphene-containing polycaprolactone/gelatin/polypyrrole (PCL/gelatin/PPy) and polycaprolactone/polyglycerol-sebacate/polypyrrole (PCL/PGS/PPy) with intrinsic electrical properties through an electrospinning process. The effect of graphene on the properties of PCL/gelatin/PPy and PCL/PGS/PPy were investigated. Results demonstrated that graphene incorporation remarkably modulated the physical and mechanical properties of the scaffolds such that the electrical conductivity increased from 0.1 to 3.9 ± 0.3 S m-1 (from 0 to 3 wt % graphene) and toughness was found to be 76 MPa (PCL/gelatin/PPy 3 wt % graphene) and 143.4 MPa (PCL/PGS/PPy 3 wt % graphene). Also, the elastic moduli of the scaffolds with 0, 1, and 2 wt % graphene were reported as 210, 300, and 340 kPa in the PCL/gelatin/PPy system and 72, 85, and 92 kPa for the PCL/PGS/PPy system. A cell viability study demonstrated the noncytotoxic nature of the resultant scaffolds. The sum of the results presented in this study suggests that both PCL/gelatin/PPy/graphene and PCL/PGS/PPy/graphene compositions could be promising biomaterials for a range of conductive tissue replacement or regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Talebi
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Sheyda Labbaf
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Mehdi Atari
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Maryam Parhizkar
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K
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Liu Z, Wan X, Wang ZL, Li L. Electroactive Biomaterials and Systems for Cell Fate Determination and Tissue Regeneration: Design and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007429. [PMID: 34117803 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
During natural tissue regeneration, tissue microenvironment and stem cell niche including cell-cell interaction, soluble factors, and extracellular matrix (ECM) provide a train of biochemical and biophysical cues for modulation of cell behaviors and tissue functions. Design of functional biomaterials to mimic the tissue/cell microenvironment have great potentials for tissue regeneration applications. Recently, electroactive biomaterials have drawn increasing attentions not only as scaffolds for cell adhesion and structural support, but also as modulators to regulate cell/tissue behaviors and function, especially for electrically excitable cells and tissues. More importantly, electrostimulation can further modulate a myriad of biological processes, from cell cycle, migration, proliferation and differentiation to neural conduction, muscle contraction, embryogenesis, and tissue regeneration. In this review, endogenous bioelectricity and piezoelectricity are introduced. Then, design rationale of electroactive biomaterials is discussed for imitating dynamic cell microenvironment, as well as their mediated electrostimulation and the applying pathways. Recent advances in electroactive biomaterials are systematically overviewed for modulation of stem cell fate and tissue regeneration, mainly including nerve regeneration, bone tissue engineering, and cardiac tissue engineering. Finally, the significance for simulating the native tissue microenvironment is emphasized and the open challenges and future perspectives of electroactive biomaterials are concluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirong Liu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xingyi Wan
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0245, USA
| | - Linlin Li
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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10
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Zhang D, Yu K, Hu X, Jiang A. Uniformly-aligned gelatin/polycaprolactone fibers promote proliferation in adipose-derived stem cells and have distinct effects on cardiac cell differentiation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2021; 14:680-692. [PMID: 34239669 PMCID: PMC8255201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac tissue engineering is a promising technique to regenerate cardiac tissue and treat cardiovascular disease. Here we applied a modified method to generate ultrafine uniformly-aligned composite gelatin/polycaprolactone fibers that mimic functional heart tissue. We tested the physical properties of these fibers and analyzed how these composite fibrous scaffolds affected growth and cardiac lineage differentiation in rat adipose-derived stem cells (rADSCs). We found that uniformly aligned composite fiber scaffolds had an anisotropic arrangement, functional mechanical properties, and strong hydrophilicity. The anisotropic scaffolds improved cell attachment, viability, and proliferative capacity of ADSCs over randomly-aligned scaffolds. Furthermore, uniformly aligned composite fiber scaffolds increased the efficiency of cardiomyogenic differentiation, but might reduce the efficiency of cardiac conduction system cell differentiation in ADSCs compared to randomly-oriented scaffolds and tissue culture polystyrene. However, the randomly-oriented composite scaffolds showed no obviously facilitated effects over tissue culture polystyrene on the two cells' differentiation process. The above results indicate that the scaffold fiber alignment has a greater effect on cell differentiation than the composition of the scaffold. Together, the uniformly-aligned composite fibers displayed excellent physical and biocompatible properties, promoted ADSC proliferation, and played distinct roles in the differentiation of cardiomyogenic cells and cardiac conduction system cells from ADSCs. These results provide new insight for the application of anisotropic fibrous scaffolds in cardiac tissue engineering for both in vitro and in vivo research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Jiangsu, China
| | - Kun Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Jiangsu, China
| | - Aixia Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Jiangsu, China
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11
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Translational Studies on the Potential of a VEGF Nanoparticle-Loaded Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060779. [PMID: 34067451 PMCID: PMC8224549 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure has a five-year mortality rate approaching 50%. Inducing angiogenesis following a myocardial infarction is hypothesized to reduce cardiomyocyte death and tissue damage, thereby preventing heart failure. Herein, a novel nano-in-gel delivery system for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), composed of star-shaped polyglutamic acid-VEGF nanoparticles in a tyramine-modified hyaluronic acid hydrogel (nano-VEGF-HA-TA), is investigated. The ability of the nano-VEGF-HA-TA system to induce angiogenesis is assessed in vivo using a chick chorioallantoic membrane model (CAM). The formulation is then integrated with a custom-made, clinically relevant catheter suitable for minimally invasive endocardial delivery and the effect of injection on hydrogel properties is examined. Nano-VEGF-HA-TA is biocompatible on a CAM assay and significantly improves blood vessel branching (p < 0.05) and number (p < 0.05) compared to a HA-TA hydrogel without VEGF. Nano-VEGF-HA-TA is successfully injected through a 1.2 m catheter, without blocking or breaking the catheter and releases VEGF for 42 days following injection in vitro. The released VEGF retains its bioactivity, significantly improving total tubule length on a Matrigel® assay and human umbilical vein endothelial cell migration on a Transwell® migration assay. This VEGF-nano in a HA-TA hydrogel delivery system is successfully integrated with an appropriate device for clinical use, demonstrates promising angiogenic properties in vivo and is suitable for further clinical translation.
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12
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Seguret M, Vermersch E, Jouve C, Hulot JS. Cardiac Organoids to Model and Heal Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathies. Biomedicines 2021; 9:563. [PMID: 34069816 PMCID: PMC8157277 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac tissue engineering aims at creating contractile structures that can optimally reproduce the features of human cardiac tissue. These constructs are becoming valuable tools to model some of the cardiac functions, to set preclinical platforms for drug testing, or to alternatively be used as therapies for cardiac repair approaches. Most of the recent developments in cardiac tissue engineering have been made possible by important advances regarding the efficient generation of cardiac cells from pluripotent stem cells and the use of novel biomaterials and microfabrication methods. Different combinations of cells, biomaterials, scaffolds, and geometries are however possible, which results in different types of structures with gradual complexities and abilities to mimic the native cardiac tissue. Here, we intend to cover key aspects of tissue engineering applied to cardiology and the consequent development of cardiac organoids. This review presents various facets of the construction of human cardiac 3D constructs, from the choice of the components to their patterning, the final geometry of generated tissues, and the subsequent readouts and applications to model and treat cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Seguret
- INSERM, PARCC, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; (M.S.); (E.V.); (C.J.)
| | - Eva Vermersch
- INSERM, PARCC, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; (M.S.); (E.V.); (C.J.)
| | - Charlène Jouve
- INSERM, PARCC, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; (M.S.); (E.V.); (C.J.)
| | - Jean-Sébastien Hulot
- INSERM, PARCC, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; (M.S.); (E.V.); (C.J.)
- CIC1418 and DMU CARTE, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, F-75015 Paris, France
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13
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Cardiac Regeneration: from Differentiation to Cell Delivery. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1666-1694. [PMID: 33954876 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10168-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are so far the most widely researched stem cells in clinics and used as an experimental cellular therapy module, particularly in cardiac regeneration and repair. Ever since the discovery of cardiomyogenesis induction in MSCs, a wide variety of differentiation protocols have been extensively used in preclinical models. However, pre differentiated MSC-derived cardiomyocytes have not been used in clinical trials; highlighting discrepancies and limitations in its use as a source of derived cardiomyocytes for transplantation to improve the damaged heart function. Therefore, this review article focuses on the strategies used to derive cardiomyocytes-like cells from MSCs isolated from three widely used tissue sources and their differentiation efficiencies. We have further discussed the role of MSCs in inducing angiogenesis as a cellular precursor to endothelial cells and its secretory aspects including exosomes. We have then discussed the strategies used for delivering cells in the damaged heart and how its retention plays a critical role in the overall outcome of the therapy. We have also conversed about the scope of the local and systemic modes of delivery of MSCs and the application of biomaterials to improve the overall delivery efficacy and function. We have finally discussed the advantages and limitations of cell delivery to the heart and the future scope of MSCs in cardiac regenerative therapy.
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14
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Augustine R, Dan P, Hasan A, Khalaf IM, Prasad P, Ghosal K, Gentile C, McClements L, Maureira P. Stem cell-based approaches in cardiac tissue engineering: controlling the microenvironment for autologous cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111425. [PMID: 33756154 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Cardiac tissue engineering strategies focusing on biomaterial scaffolds incorporating cells and growth factors are emerging as highly promising for cardiac repair and regeneration. The use of stem cells within cardiac microengineered tissue constructs present an inherent ability to differentiate into cell types of the human heart. Stem cells derived from various tissues including bone marrow, dental pulp, adipose tissue and umbilical cord can be used for this purpose. Approaches ranging from stem cell injections, stem cell spheroids, cell encapsulation in a suitable hydrogel, use of prefabricated scaffold and bioprinting technology are at the forefront in the field of cardiac tissue engineering. The stem cell microenvironment plays a key role in the maintenance of stemness and/or differentiation into cardiac specific lineages. This review provides a detailed overview of the recent advances in microengineering of autologous stem cell-based tissue engineering platforms for the repair of damaged cardiac tissue. A particular emphasis is given to the roles played by the extracellular matrix (ECM) in regulating the physiological response of stem cells within cardiac tissue engineering platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Augustine
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Pan Dan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Transplantation Surgery, Regional Central Hospital of Nancy, Lorraine University, Nancy 54500, France; Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | | | - Parvathy Prasad
- International and Inter University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India
| | - Kajal Ghosal
- Dr. B. C. Roy College of Pharmacy and AHS, Durgapur 713206, India
| | - Carmine Gentile
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lana McClements
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Pablo Maureira
- Department of Cardiovascular and Transplantation Surgery, Regional Central Hospital of Nancy, Lorraine University, Nancy 54500, France
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15
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Zeng WR, Doran PM. Interactivity of biochemical and physical stimuli during epigenetic conditioning and cardiomyocytic differentiation of stem and progenitor cells derived from adult hearts. Integr Biol (Camb) 2021; 13:73-85. [PMID: 33704437 DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyab003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Mixed populations of cardiosphere-derived stem and progenitor cells containing proliferative and cardiomyogenically committed cells were obtained from adult rat hearts. The cells were cultured in either static 2D monolayers or dynamic 3D scaffold systems with fluid flow. Cardiomyocyte lineage commitment in terms of GATA4 and Nkx2.5 expression was significantly enhanced in the dynamic 3D cultures compared with static 2D conditions. Treatment of the cells with 5-azacytidine (5-aza) produced different responses in the two culture systems, as activity of this chemical epigenetic conditioning agent depended on the cell attachment and hydrodynamic conditions provided during culture. Cell growth was unaffected by 5-aza in the static 2D cultures but was significantly reduced under dynamic 3D conditions relative to untreated controls. Myogenic differentiation measured as Mef2c expression was markedly upregulated by 5-aza in the dynamic 3D cultures but downregulated in the static 2D cultures. The ability of the physical environment to modulate the cellular cardiomyogenic response to 5-aza underscores the interactivity of biochemical and physical stimuli applied for cell differentiation. Accordingly, observations about the efficacy of 5-aza as a cardiomyocyte induction agent may not be applicable across different culture systems. Overall, use of dynamic 3D rather than static 2D culture was more beneficial for cardio-specific myogenesis than 5-aza treatment, which generated a more ambiguous differentiation response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy R Zeng
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Pauline M Doran
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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16
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Hendrickson T, Mancino C, Whitney L, Tsao C, Rahimi M, Taraballi F. Mimicking cardiac tissue complexity through physical cues: A review on cardiac tissue engineering approaches. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2021; 33:102367. [PMID: 33549819 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the number one killer in the world.1,2 Currently, there are no clinical treatments to regenerate damaged cardiac tissue, leaving patients to develop further life-threatening cardiac complications. Cardiac tissue has multiple functional demands including vascularization, contraction, and conduction that require many synergic components to properly work. Most of these functions are a direct result of the cardiac tissue structure and composition, and, for this reason, tissue engineering strongly proposed to develop substitute engineered heart tissues (EHTs). EHTs usually have combined pluripotent stem cells and supporting scaffolds with the final aim to repair or replace the damaged native tissue. However, as simple as this idea is, indeed, it resulted, after many attempts in the field, to be very challenging. Without design complexity, EHTs remain unable to mature fully and integrate into surrounding heart tissue resulting in minimal in vivo effects.3 Lately, there has been a growing body of evidence that a complex, multifunctional approach through implementing scaffold designs, cellularization, and molecular release appears to be essential in the development of a functional cardiac EHTs.4-6 This review covers the advancements in EHTs developments focusing on how to integrate contraction, conduction, and vascularization mimics and how combinations have resulted in improved designs thus warranting further investigation to develop a clinically applicable treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy Hendrickson
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA; Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Texas A&M MD/PhD Program, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Chiara Mancino
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, (MI), Italy
| | - Lauren Whitney
- Texas A&M Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Chris Tsao
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maham Rahimi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Francesca Taraballi
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA; Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
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17
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Tadevosyan K, Iglesias-García O, Mazo MM, Prósper F, Raya A. Engineering and Assessing Cardiac Tissue Complexity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031479. [PMID: 33540699 PMCID: PMC7867236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac tissue engineering is very much in a current focus of regenerative medicine research as it represents a promising strategy for cardiac disease modelling, cardiotoxicity testing and cardiovascular repair. Advances in this field over the last two decades have enabled the generation of human engineered cardiac tissue constructs with progressively increased functional capabilities. However, reproducing tissue-like properties is still a pending issue, as constructs generated to date remain immature relative to native adult heart. Moreover, there is a high degree of heterogeneity in the methodologies used to assess the functionality and cardiac maturation state of engineered cardiac tissue constructs, which further complicates the comparison of constructs generated in different ways. Here, we present an overview of the general approaches developed to generate functional cardiac tissues, discussing the different cell sources, biomaterials, and types of engineering strategies utilized to date. Moreover, we discuss the main functional assays used to evaluate the cardiac maturation state of the constructs, both at the cellular and the tissue levels. We trust that researchers interested in developing engineered cardiac tissue constructs will find the information reviewed here useful. Furthermore, we believe that providing a unified framework for comparison will further the development of human engineered cardiac tissue constructs displaying the specific properties best suited for each particular application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Tadevosyan
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL) and Program for Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine in Catalonia (P-CMRC), 08908 L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain;
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Olalla Iglesias-García
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL) and Program for Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine in Catalonia (P-CMRC), 08908 L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain;
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.M.M.); (F.P.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: (O.I.-G.); (A.R.)
| | - Manuel M. Mazo
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.M.M.); (F.P.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Felipe Prósper
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.M.M.); (F.P.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Cancer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Raya
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL) and Program for Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine in Catalonia (P-CMRC), 08908 L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain;
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (O.I.-G.); (A.R.)
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18
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes the important role that metabolism plays in driving maturation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. RECENT FINDINGS Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes provide a model system for human cardiac biology. However, these models have been unable to fully recapitulate the maturity observed in the adult heart. By simulating the glucose to fatty acid transition observed in neonatal mammals, human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes undergo structural and functional maturation also accompanied by transcriptional changes and cell cycle arrest. The role of metabolism in energy production, signaling, and epigenetic modifications illustrates that metabolism and cellular phenotype are intimately linked. Further understanding of key metabolic factors driving cardiac maturation will facilitate the generation of more mature human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte models. This will increase our understanding of cardiac biology and potentially lead to novel therapeutics to enhance heart function.
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19
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Talebi A, Labbaf S, Karimzadeh F, Masaeli E, Nasr Esfahani MH. Electroconductive Graphene-Containing Polymeric Patch: A Promising Platform for Future Cardiac Repair. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:4214-4224. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Talebi
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Sheyda Labbaf
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Fathallah Karimzadeh
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Elahe Masaeli
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Hossein Nasr Esfahani
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
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20
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Liew LC, Ho BX, Soh BS. Mending a broken heart: current strategies and limitations of cell-based therapy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:138. [PMID: 32216837 PMCID: PMC7098097 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01648-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The versatility of pluripotent stem cells, attributable to their unlimited self-renewal capacity and plasticity, has sparked a considerable interest for potential application in regenerative medicine. Over the past decade, the concept of replenishing the lost cardiomyocytes, the crux of the matter in ischemic heart disease, with pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (PSC-CM) has been validated with promising pre-clinical results. Nevertheless, clinical translation was hemmed in by limitations such as immature cardiac properties, long-term engraftment, graft-associated arrhythmias, immunogenicity, and risk of tumorigenicity. The continuous progress of stem cell-based cardiac therapy, incorporated with tissue engineering strategies and delivery of cardio-protective exosomes, provides an optimistic outlook on the development of curative treatment for heart failure. This review provides an overview and current status of stem cell-based therapy for heart regeneration, with particular focus on the use of PSC-CM. In addition, we also highlight the associated challenges in clinical application and discuss the potential strategies in developing successful cardiac-regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Chuen Liew
- Disease Modeling and Therapeutics Laboratory, A*STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Beatrice Xuan Ho
- Disease Modeling and Therapeutics Laboratory, A*STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Boon-Seng Soh
- Disease Modeling and Therapeutics Laboratory, A*STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore. .,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore. .,Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.
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21
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Rupert CE, Irofuala C, Coulombe KLK. Practical adoption of state-of-the-art hiPSC-cardiomyocyte differentiation techniques. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230001. [PMID: 32155214 PMCID: PMC7064240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes are a valuable resource for cardiac therapeutic development; however, generation of these cells in large numbers and high purity is a limitation in widespread adoption. Here, design of experiments (DOE) is used to investigate the cardiac differentiation space of three hiPSC lines when varying CHIR99027 concentration and cell seeding density, and a novel image analysis is developed to evaluate plate coverage when initiating differentiation. Metabolic selection via lactate purifies hiPSC-cardiomyocyte populations, and the bioenergetic phenotype and engineered tissue mechanics of purified and unpurified hiPSC-cardiomyocytes are compared. Findings demonstrate that when initiating differentiation one day after hiPSC plating, low (3 μM) Chiron and 72 x 103 cells/cm2 seeding density result in peak cardiac purity (50–90%) for all three hiPSC lines. Our results confirm that metabolic selection with lactate shifts hiPSC-cardiomyocyte metabolism towards oxidative phosphorylation, but this more “mature” metabolic phenotype does not by itself result in a more mature contractile phenotype in engineered cardiac tissues at one week of culture in 3D tissues. This study provides widely adaptable methods including novel image analysis code and parameters for refining hiPSC-cardiomyocyte differentiation and describes the practical implications of metabolic selection of cardiomyocytes for downstream tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassady E. Rupert
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | - Chinedu Irofuala
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | - Kareen L. K. Coulombe
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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22
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Li Y, Song D, Mao L, Abraham DM, Bursac N. Lack of Thy1 defines a pathogenic fraction of cardiac fibroblasts in heart failure. Biomaterials 2020; 236:119824. [PMID: 32028169 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In response to heart injury, inflammation, or mechanical overload, quiescent cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) can become activated myofibroblasts leading to pathological matrix remodeling and decline in cardiac function. Specific targeting of fibroblasts may thus enable new therapeutic strategies to delay or reverse the progression of heart failure and cardiac fibrosis. However, it remains unknown if all CFs are equally responsive to specific pathological insults and if there exist sub-populations of resident fibroblasts in the heart that have distinctive pathogenic phenotypes. Here, we show that in response to transverse aortic constriction (TAC)-induced heart failure, previously uncharacterized Thy1neg (Thy1-/MEFSK4+/CD45-/CD31-) fraction of mouse ventricular fibroblasts became more abundant and attained a more activated, pro-fibrotic myofibroblast phenotype compared to Thy1Pos fraction. In a tissue-engineered 3D co-culture model of healthy cardiomyocytes and freshly isolated CFs, Thy1neg CFs from TAC hearts significantly decreased cardiomyocyte contractile function and calcium transient amplitude, and increased extracellular collagen deposition yielding a profibrotic heart tissue phenotype. In vivo, mice with global knockout of Thy1 developed more severe cardiac dysfunction and fibrosis in response to TAC-induced heart failure than wild-type mice. Taken together, our studies identify cardiac myofibroblasts lacking Thy1 as a pathogenic CF fraction in cardiac fibrosis and suggest important roles of Thy1 in pathophysiology of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhen Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Daniel Song
- Department of Computer Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA; Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Lan Mao
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | | | - Nenad Bursac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
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23
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Zhao Y, Rafatian N, Wang EY, Wu Q, Lai BFL, Lu RX, Savoji H, Radisic M. Towards chamber specific heart-on-a-chip for drug testing applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 165-166:60-76. [PMID: 31917972 PMCID: PMC7338250 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Modeling of human organs has long been a task for scientists in order to lower the costs of therapeutic development and understand the pathological onset of human disease. For decades, despite marked differences in genetics and etiology, animal models remained the norm for drug discovery and disease modeling. Innovative biofabrication techniques have facilitated the development of organ-on-a-chip technology that has great potential to complement conventional animal models. However, human organ as a whole, more specifically the human heart, is difficult to regenerate in vitro, in terms of its chamber specific orientation and its electrical functional complexity. Recent progress with the development of induced pluripotent stem cell differentiation protocols, made recapitulating the complexity of the human heart possible through the generation of cells representative of atrial & ventricular tissue, the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node and Purkinje fibers. Current heart-on-a-chip approaches incorporate biological, electrical, mechanical, and topographical cues to facilitate tissue maturation, therefore improving the predictive power for the chamber-specific therapeutic effects targeting adult human. In this review, we will give a summary of current advances in heart-on-a-chip technology and provide a comprehensive outlook on the challenges involved in the development of human physiologically relevant heart-on-a-chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimu Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Naimeh Rafatian
- Division of Cardiology and Peter Munk Cardiac Center, University of Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2N2, Canada
| | - Erika Yan Wang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Qinghua Wu
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Benjamin F L Lai
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Rick Xingze Lu
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Houman Savoji
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada; Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada.
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Appiah C, Arndt C, Siemsen K, Heitmann A, Staubitz A, Selhuber-Unkel C. Living Materials Herald a New Era in Soft Robotics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1807747. [PMID: 31267628 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201807747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Living beings have an unsurpassed range of ways to manipulate objects and interact with them. They can make autonomous decisions and can heal themselves. So far, a conventional robot cannot mimic this complexity even remotely. Classical robots are often used to help with lifting and gripping and thus to alleviate the effects of menial tasks. Sensors can render robots responsive, and artificial intelligence aims at enabling autonomous responses. Inanimate soft robots are a step in this direction, but it will only be in combination with living systems that full complexity will be achievable. The field of biohybrid soft robotics provides entirely new concepts to address current challenges, for example the ability to self-heal, enable a soft touch, or to show situational versatility. Therefore, "living materials" are at the heart of this review. Similarly to biological taxonomy, there is a recent effort for taxonomy of biohybrid soft robotics. Here, an expansion is proposed to take into account not only function and origin of biohybrid soft robotic components, but also the materials. This materials taxonomy key demonstrates visually that materials science will drive the development of the field of soft biohybrid robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement Appiah
- Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. 7, D-28359, Bremen, Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, Bibliothekstraße 1, D-28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Christine Arndt
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Kiel, Kaiserstr. 2, D-24143, Kiel, Germany
| | - Katharina Siemsen
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Kiel, Kaiserstr. 2, D-24143, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anne Heitmann
- Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. 7, D-28359, Bremen, Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, Bibliothekstraße 1, D-28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Anne Staubitz
- Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. 7, D-28359, Bremen, Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, Bibliothekstraße 1, D-28359, Bremen, Germany
- Otto-Diels-Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, D-24118, Kiel, Germany
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Mayourian J, Ceholski DK, Gonzalez DM, Cashman TJ, Sahoo S, Hajjar RJ, Costa KD. Physiologic, Pathologic, and Therapeutic Paracrine Modulation of Cardiac Excitation-Contraction Coupling. Circ Res 2019; 122:167-183. [PMID: 29301848 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.311589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) is the orchestrated process of initial myocyte electrical excitation, which leads to calcium entry, intracellular trafficking, and subsequent sarcomere shortening and myofibrillar contraction. Neurohumoral β-adrenergic signaling is a well-established mediator of ECC; other signaling mechanisms, such as paracrine signaling, have also demonstrated significant impact on ECC but are less well understood. For example, resident heart endothelial cells are well-known physiological paracrine modulators of cardiac myocyte ECC mainly via NO and endothelin-1. Moreover, recent studies have demonstrated other resident noncardiomyocyte heart cells (eg, physiological fibroblasts and pathological myofibroblasts), and even experimental cardiotherapeutic cells (eg, mesenchymal stem cells) are also capable of altering cardiomyocyte ECC through paracrine mechanisms. In this review, we first focus on the paracrine-mediated effects of resident and therapeutic noncardiomyocytes on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, electrophysiology, and calcium handling, each of which can modulate ECC, and then discuss the current knowledge about key paracrine factors and their underlying mechanisms of action. Next, we provide a case example demonstrating the promise of tissue-engineering approaches to study paracrine effects on tissue-level contractility. More specifically, we present new functional and molecular data on the effects of human adult cardiac fibroblast conditioned media on human engineered cardiac tissue contractility and ion channel gene expression that generally agrees with previous murine studies but also suggests possible species-specific differences. By contrast, paracrine secretions by human dermal fibroblasts had no discernible effect on human engineered cardiac tissue contractile function and gene expression. Finally, we discuss systems biology approaches to help identify key stem cell paracrine mediators of ECC and their associated mechanistic pathways. Such integration of tissue-engineering and systems biology methods shows promise to reveal novel insights into paracrine mediators of ECC and their underlying mechanisms of action, ultimately leading to improved cell-based therapies for patients with heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Mayourian
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Delaine K Ceholski
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - David M Gonzalez
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Timothy J Cashman
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Susmita Sahoo
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Roger J Hajjar
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Kevin D Costa
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
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Tong C, Li C, Xie B, Li M, Li X, Qi Z, Xia J. Generation of bioartificial hearts using decellularized scaffolds and mixed cells. Biomed Eng Online 2019; 18:71. [PMID: 31164131 PMCID: PMC6549274 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-019-0691-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with end-stage heart failure must receive treatment to recover cardiac function, and the current primary therapy, heart transplantation, is plagued by the limited supply of donor hearts. Bioengineered artificial hearts generated by seeding of cells on decellularized scaffolds have been suggested as an alternative source for transplantation. This study aimed to develop a tissue-engineered heart with lower immunogenicity and functional similarity to a physiological heart that can be used for heart transplantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) to decellularize cardiac tissue to obtain a decellularized scaffold. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were isolated from rat bone marrow and identified by flow cytometric labeling of their surface markers. At the same time, the multi-directional differentiation of MSCs was analyzed. The MSCs, endothelial cells, and cardiomyocytes were allowed to adhere to the decellularized scaffold during perfusion, and the function of tissue-engineered heart was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and electrocardiogram. RESULTS MSCs, isolated from rats differentiated into cardiomyocytes, were seeded along with primary rat cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells onto decellularized rat heart scaffolds. We first confirmed the pluripotency of the MSCs, performed immunostaining against cardiac markers expressed by MSC-derived cardiomyocytes, and completed surface antigen profiling of MSC-derived endothelial cells. After cell seeding and culture, we analyzed the performance of the bioartificial heart by electrocardiography but found that the bioartificial heart exhibited abnormal electrical activity. The results indicated that the tissue-engineered heart lacked some cells necessary for the conduction of electrical current, causing deficient conduction function compared to the normal heart. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that MSCs derived from rats may be useful in the generation of a bioartificial heart, although technical challenges remain with regard to generating a fully functional bioartificial heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cailing Tong
- School of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 Fujian China
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 Fujian China
| | - Cheng Li
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 Fujian China
| | - Baiyi Xie
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 Fujian China
| | - Minghui Li
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 Fujian China
| | - Xianguo Li
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 Fujian China
| | - Zhongquan Qi
- School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004 Guangxi China
| | - Junjie Xia
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 Fujian China
- School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004 Guangxi China
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27
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Engineering a naturally-derived adhesive and conductive cardiopatch. Biomaterials 2019; 207:89-101. [PMID: 30965152 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) leads to a multi-phase reparative process at the site of damaged heart that ultimately results in the formation of non-conductive fibrous scar tissue. Despite the widespread use of electroconductive biomaterials to increase the physiological relevance of bioengineered cardiac tissues in vitro, there are still several limitations associated with engineering biocompatible scaffolds with appropriate mechanical properties and electroconductivity for cardiac tissue regeneration. Here, we introduce highly adhesive fibrous scaffolds engineered by electrospinning of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) followed by the conjugation of a choline-based bio-ionic liquid (Bio-IL) to develop conductive and adhesive cardiopatches. These GelMA/Bio-IL adhesive patches were optimized to exhibit mechanical and conductive properties similar to the native myocardium. Furthermore, the engineered patches strongly adhered to murine myocardium due to the formation of ionic bonding between the Bio-IL and native tissue, eliminating the need for suturing. Co-cultures of primary cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts grown on GelMA/Bio-IL patches exhibited comparatively better contractile profiles compared to pristine GelMA controls, as demonstrated by over-expression of the gap junction protein connexin 43. These cardiopatches could be used to provide mechanical support and restore electromechanical coupling at the site of MI to minimize cardiac remodeling and preserve normal cardiac function.
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28
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Navaei A, Rahmani Eliato K, Ros R, Migrino RQ, Willis BC, Nikkhah M. The influence of electrically conductive and non-conductive nanocomposite scaffolds on the maturation and excitability of engineered cardiac tissues. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:585-595. [DOI: 10.1039/c8bm01050a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We developed different classes of hydrogels, with conductive and non-conductive nanomaterials, to study cardiac tissue maturation and excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Navaei
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering (SBHSE)
- Arizona State University
- Tempe
- USA
| | | | - Robert Ros
- Department of Physics
- Arizona State University
- Tempe
- USA
- Center for Biological Physics
| | - Raymond Q. Migrino
- Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System
- Phoenix
- USA
- University of Arizona College of Medicine
- Phoenix
| | - Brigham C. Willis
- University of Arizona College of Medicine
- Phoenix
- USA
- Phoenix Children's Hospital
- Phoenix
| | - Mehdi Nikkhah
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering (SBHSE)
- Arizona State University
- Tempe
- USA
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29
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Liu N, Chen J, Zhuang J, Zhu P. Fabrication of engineered nanoparticles on biological macromolecular (PEGylated chitosan) composite for bio-active hydrogel system in cardiac repair applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 117:553-558. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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30
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Baghalishahi M, Efthekhar-vaghefi SH, Piryaei A, Nematolahi-mahani S, Mollaei HR, Sadeghi Y. Cardiac extracellular matrix hydrogel together with or without inducer cocktail improves human adipose tissue-derived stem cells differentiation into cardiomyocyte–like cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 502:215-225. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Ghosal K, Sarkar K. Biomedical Applications of Graphene Nanomaterials and Beyond. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:2653-2703. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Krishanu Ghosal
- Gene Therapy and Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Polymer Science & Technology, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700 009, India
| | - Kishor Sarkar
- Gene Therapy and Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Polymer Science & Technology, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700 009, India
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Izadifar M, Chapman D, Babyn P, Chen X, Kelly ME. UV-Assisted 3D Bioprinting of Nanoreinforced Hybrid Cardiac Patch for Myocardial Tissue Engineering. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2018; 24:74-88. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2017.0346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Izadifar
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Dean Chapman
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Paul Babyn
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Michael E. Kelly
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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Ahadian S, Civitarese R, Bannerman D, Mohammadi MH, Lu R, Wang E, Davenport-Huyer L, Lai B, Zhang B, Zhao Y, Mandla S, Korolj A, Radisic M. Organ-On-A-Chip Platforms: A Convergence of Advanced Materials, Cells, and Microscale Technologies. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7. [PMID: 29034591 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Significant advances in biomaterials, stem cell biology, and microscale technologies have enabled the fabrication of biologically relevant tissues and organs. Such tissues and organs, referred to as organ-on-a-chip (OOC) platforms, have emerged as a powerful tool in tissue analysis and disease modeling for biological and pharmacological applications. A variety of biomaterials are used in tissue fabrication providing multiple biological, structural, and mechanical cues in the regulation of cell behavior and tissue morphogenesis. Cells derived from humans enable the fabrication of personalized OOC platforms. Microscale technologies are specifically helpful in providing physiological microenvironments for tissues and organs. In this review, biomaterials, cells, and microscale technologies are described as essential components to construct OOC platforms. The latest developments in OOC platforms (e.g., liver, skeletal muscle, cardiac, cancer, lung, skin, bone, and brain) are then discussed as functional tools in simulating human physiology and metabolism. Future perspectives and major challenges in the development of OOC platforms toward accelerating clinical studies of drug discovery are finally highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samad Ahadian
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Robert Civitarese
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Dawn Bannerman
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Rick Lu
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Erika Wang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Locke Davenport-Huyer
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Ben Lai
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Boyang Zhang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Yimu Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Serena Mandla
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Anastasia Korolj
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
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Maguire EM, Xiao Q, Xu Q. Differentiation and Application of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:2026-2037. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play a role in the development of vascular disease, for example, neointimal formation, arterial aneurysm, and Marfan syndrome caused by genetic mutations in VSMCs, but little is known about the mechanisms of the disease process. Advances in induced pluripotent stem cell technology have now made it possible to derive VSMCs from several different somatic cells using a selection of protocols. As such, researchers have set out to delineate key signaling processes involved in triggering VSMC gene expression to grasp the extent of gene regulatory networks involved in phenotype commitment. This technology has also paved the way for investigations into diseases affecting VSMC behavior and function, which may be treatable once an identifiable culprit molecule or gene has been repaired. Moreover, induced pluripotent stem cell–derived VSMCs are also being considered for their use in tissue-engineered blood vessels as they may prove more beneficial than using autologous vessels. Finally, while several issues remains to be clarified before induced pluripotent stem cell–derived VSMCs can become used in regenerative medicine, they do offer both clinicians and researchers hope for both treating and understanding vascular disease. In this review, we aim to update the recent progress on VSMC generation from stem cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms of VSMC differentiation. We will also explore how the use of induced pluripotent stem cell–derived VSMCs has changed the game for regenerative medicine by offering new therapeutic avenues to clinicians, as well as providing researchers with a new platform for modeling of vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eithne Margaret Maguire
- From the Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (E.M.M., Q. Xiao); and Cardiovascular Division, King’s College London BHF Centre, United Kingdom (Q. Xu)
| | - Qingzhong Xiao
- From the Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (E.M.M., Q. Xiao); and Cardiovascular Division, King’s College London BHF Centre, United Kingdom (Q. Xu)
| | - Qingbo Xu
- From the Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (E.M.M., Q. Xiao); and Cardiovascular Division, King’s College London BHF Centre, United Kingdom (Q. Xu)
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35
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Guler S, Aydin HM, Lü LX, Yang Y. Improvement of Decellularization Efficiency of Porcine Aorta Using Dimethyl Sulfoxide as a Penetration Enhancer. Artif Organs 2017; 42:219-230. [DOI: 10.1111/aor.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Selcan Guler
- Institute of Science, Bioengineering Division; Hacettepe University; Ankara Turkey
| | - Halil M. Aydin
- Environmental Engineering and Bioengineering Division and Centre for Bioengineering; Hacettepe University; Ankara Turkey
| | - Lan-Xin Lü
- Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, School of Medicine, Keele University; Stoke-on-Trent UK
| | - Ying Yang
- Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, School of Medicine, Keele University; Stoke-on-Trent UK
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36
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Mofrad AZ, Mashayekhan S, Bastani D. Simulation of the effects of oxygen carriers and scaffold geometry on oxygen distribution and cell growth in a channeled scaffold for engineering myocardium. Math Biosci 2017; 294:160-171. [PMID: 28919576 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study proposes a mathematical model to evaluate the impact of oxygen carriers and scaffold geometry on oxygen distribution and cell growth in a 3D cardiac construct using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Flow equations, oxygen balance equation and cell balance equation were solved using special initial and boundary conditions. The modeling results revealed that 55% increase in cardiac cell density occurred by using 6.4% perfluorocarbon oxygen carrier (PFC) compared to pure culture medium without PFC supplementation. Moreover, the effects of the scaffold geometry on cell density were examined by changing the channel numbers and the construct length. A 30% increase in the average cells density was observed by increasing the channel numbers from 37 to 145. Furthermore, the average cell density was increased 23% by decreasing the scaffold length from 0.5 to 0.2 cm length. Overall, the average cell density of cardiac cells can be increased 2-fold by using PFC oxygen carrier and optimizing the scaffold's geometry, simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Zehi Mofrad
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 11365-8639, Iran.
| | - Shohreh Mashayekhan
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 11365-8639, Iran.
| | - Dariush Bastani
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 11365-8639, Iran.
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Mahmoudi M, Yu M, Serpooshan V, Wu JC, Langer R, Lee RT, Karp JM, Farokhzad OC. Multiscale technologies for treatment of ischemic cardiomyopathy. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 12:845-855. [PMID: 28875984 PMCID: PMC5717755 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2017.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The adult mammalian heart possesses only limited capacity for innate regeneration and the response to severe injury is dominated by the formation of scar tissue. Current therapy to replace damaged cardiac tissue is limited to cardiac transplantation and thus many patients suffer progressive decay in the heart's pumping capacity to the point of heart failure. Nanostructured systems have the potential to revolutionize both preventive and therapeutic approaches for treating cardiovascular disease. Here, we outline recent advancements in nanotechnology that could be exploited to overcome the major obstacles in the prevention of and therapy for heart disease. We also discuss emerging trends in nanotechnology affecting the cardiovascular field that may offer new hope for patients suffering massive heart attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Mahmoudi
- Center for Nanomedicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13169-43551, Iran
| | - Mikyung Yu
- Center for Nanomedicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Vahid Serpooshan
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Joseph C. Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Richard T. Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Karp
- Center for Nanomedicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Omid C. Farokhzad
- Center for Nanomedicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13169-43551, Iran
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Abstract
Engineering functional cardiac tissues remains an ongoing significant challenge due to the complexity of the native environment. However, our growing understanding of key parameters of the in vivo cardiac microenvironment and our ability to replicate those parameters in vitro are resulting in the development of increasingly sophisticated models of engineered cardiac tissues (ECT). This review examines some of the most relevant parameters that may be applied in culture leading to higher fidelity cardiac tissue models. These include the biochemical composition of culture media and cardiac lineage specification, co-culture conditions, electrical and mechanical stimulation, and the application of hydrogels, various biomaterials, and scaffolds. The review will also summarize some of the recent functional human tissue models that have been developed for in vivo and in vitro applications. Ultimately, the creation of sophisticated ECT that replicate native structure and function will be instrumental in advancing cell-based therapeutics and in providing advanced models for drug discovery and testing.
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Li Y, Asfour H, Bursac N. Age-dependent functional crosstalk between cardiac fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes in a 3D engineered cardiac tissue. Acta Biomater 2017; 55:120-130. [PMID: 28455218 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Complex heterocellular interactions between cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts in the heart involve their bidirectional signaling via cell-cell contacts, paracrine factors, and extracellular matrix (ECM). These interactions vary with heart development and pathology leading to changes in cardiac structure and function. Whether cardiac fibroblasts of different ages interact differentially with cardiomyocytes to distinctly impact their function remains unknown. Here, we explored the direct structural and functional effects of fetal and adult cardiac fibroblasts on cardiomyocytes using a tissue-engineered 3D co-culture system. We show that the age of cardiac fibroblasts is a strong determinant of the structure, function, and molecular properties of co-cultured tissues. In particular, in vitro expanded adult, but not fetal, cardiac fibroblasts significantly deteriorated electrical and mechanical function of the co-cultured cardiomyocytes, as evidenced by slower action potential conduction, prolonged action potential duration, weaker contractions, higher tissue stiffness, and reduced calcium transient amplitude. This functional deficit was associated with structural and molecular signatures of pathological remodeling including fibroblast proliferation, interstitial collagen deposition, and upregulation of pro-fibrotic markers. Our studies imply critical roles of the age of supporting cells in engineering functional cardiac tissues and provide a new physiologically relevant in vitro platform to investigate influence of heterocellular interactions on cardiomyocyte function, development, and disease. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Previous studies have shown that cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts in the heart interact through direct contacts, paracrine factors, and matrix-mediated crosstalk. However, whether cardiac fibroblasts of different ages distinctly impact cardiomyocyte function remains elusive. We employed a tissue-engineered hydrogel-based co-culture system to study interactions of cardiomyocytes with fetal or adult cardiac fibroblasts. We show that the age of cardiac fibroblasts is a strong determinant of the structure, function, and molecular properties of engineered cardiac tissues and that key features of fibrotic myocardium are replicated by supplementing cardiomyocytes with expanded adult but not fetal fibroblasts. These findings relate to implantation of stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes in adult myocardium and warrant further studies of how age and source of non-myocytes impact cardiac function and maturation.
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Scuderi GJ, Butcher J. Naturally Engineered Maturation of Cardiomyocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:50. [PMID: 28529939 PMCID: PMC5418234 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease remains one of the most prominent causes of mortalities worldwide with heart transplantation being the gold-standard treatment option. However, due to the major limitations associated with heart transplants, such as an inadequate supply and heart rejection, there remains a significant clinical need for a viable cardiac regenerative therapy to restore native myocardial function. Over the course of the previous several decades, researchers have made prominent advances in the field of cardiac regeneration with the creation of in vitro human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte tissue engineered constructs. However, these engineered constructs exhibit a functionally immature, disorganized, fetal-like phenotype that is not equivalent physiologically to native adult cardiac tissue. Due to this major limitation, many recent studies have investigated approaches to improve pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte maturation to close this large functionality gap between engineered and native cardiac tissue. This review integrates the natural developmental mechanisms of cardiomyocyte structural and functional maturation. The variety of ways researchers have attempted to improve cardiomyocyte maturation in vitro by mimicking natural development, known as natural engineering, is readily discussed. The main focus of this review involves the synergistic role of electrical and mechanical stimulation, extracellular matrix interactions, and non-cardiomyocyte interactions in facilitating cardiomyocyte maturation. Overall, even with these current natural engineering approaches, pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes within three-dimensional engineered heart tissue still remain mostly within the early to late fetal stages of cardiomyocyte maturity. Therefore, although the end goal is to achieve adult phenotypic maturity, more emphasis must be placed on elucidating how the in vivo fetal microenvironment drives cardiomyocyte maturation. This information can then be utilized to develop natural engineering approaches that can emulate this fetal microenvironment and thus make prominent progress in pluripotent stem cell-derived maturity toward a more clinically relevant model for cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano J Scuderi
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell UniversityIthaca, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Butcher
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell UniversityIthaca, NY, USA
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41
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Liu X, Miller AL, Park S, Waletzki BE, Zhou Z, Terzic A, Lu L. Functionalized Carbon Nanotube and Graphene Oxide Embedded Electrically Conductive Hydrogel Synergistically Stimulates Nerve Cell Differentiation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:14677-14690. [PMID: 28406608 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b02072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nerve regeneration after injury is a critical medical issue. In previous work, we have developed an oligo(poly(ethylene glycol) fumarate) (OPF) hydrogel incorporated with positive charges as a promising nerve conduit. In this study, we introduced cross-linkable bonds to graphene oxide and carbon nanotube to obtain the functionalized graphene oxide acrylate (GOa) and carbon nanotube poly(ethylene glycol) acrylate (CNTpega). An electrically conductive hydrogel was then fabricated by covalently embedding GOa and CNTpega within OPF hydrogel through chemical cross-linking followed by in situ reduction of GOa in l-ascorbic acid solution. Positive charges were incorporated by 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyltrimethylammonium chloride (MTAC) to obtain rGOaCNTpega-OPF-MTAC composite hydrogel with both surface charge and electrical conductivity. The distribution of CNTpega and GOa in the hydrogels was substantiated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and strengthened electrical conductivities were determined. Excellent biocompatibility was demonstrated for the carbon embedded composite hydrogels. Biological evaluation showed enhanced proliferation and spreading of PC12 cells on the conductive hydrogels. After induced differentiation using nerve growth factor (NGF), cells on the conductive hydrogels were effectively stimulated to have robust neurite development as observed by confocal microscope. A synergistic effect of electrical conductivity and positive charges on nerve cells was also observed in this study. Using a glass mold method, the composite hydrogel was successfully fabricated into conductive nerve conduits with surficial positive charges. These results suggest that rGOa-CNTpega-OPF-MTAC composite hydrogel holds great potential as conduits for neural tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xifeng Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, ‡Department of Orthopedic Surgery, and §Department of Cardiovascular Diseases and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - A Lee Miller
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, ‡Department of Orthopedic Surgery, and §Department of Cardiovascular Diseases and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Sungjo Park
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, ‡Department of Orthopedic Surgery, and §Department of Cardiovascular Diseases and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Brian E Waletzki
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, ‡Department of Orthopedic Surgery, and §Department of Cardiovascular Diseases and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Zifei Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, ‡Department of Orthopedic Surgery, and §Department of Cardiovascular Diseases and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Andre Terzic
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, ‡Department of Orthopedic Surgery, and §Department of Cardiovascular Diseases and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Lichun Lu
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, ‡Department of Orthopedic Surgery, and §Department of Cardiovascular Diseases and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
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Beigi F, Patel M, Morales-Garza MA, Winebrenner C, Gobin AS, Chau E, Sampaio LC, Taylor DA. Optimized method for isolating highly purified and functional porcine aortic endothelial and smooth muscle cells. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:3139-3145. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Beigi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Research; Texas Heart Institute; Houston Texas
| | - Mitalben Patel
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Research; Texas Heart Institute; Houston Texas
| | | | - Caitlin Winebrenner
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Research; Texas Heart Institute; Houston Texas
| | - Andrea S. Gobin
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Research; Texas Heart Institute; Houston Texas
| | - Eric Chau
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Research; Texas Heart Institute; Houston Texas
| | - Luiz C. Sampaio
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Research; Texas Heart Institute; Houston Texas
| | - Doris A. Taylor
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Research; Texas Heart Institute; Houston Texas
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43
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Serpooshan V, Chen P, Wu H, Lee S, Sharma A, Hu DA, Venkatraman S, Ganesan AV, Usta OB, Yarmush M, Yang F, Wu JC, Demirci U, Wu SM. Bioacoustic-enabled patterning of human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes into 3D cardiac tissue. Biomaterials 2017; 131:47-57. [PMID: 28376365 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The creation of physiologically-relevant human cardiac tissue with defined cell structure and function is essential for a wide variety of therapeutic, diagnostic, and drug screening applications. Here we report a new scalable method using Faraday waves to enable rapid aggregation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) into predefined 3D constructs. At packing densities that approximate native myocardium (108-109 cells/ml), these hiPSC-CM-derived 3D tissues demonstrate significantly improved cell viability, metabolic activity, and intercellular connection when compared to constructs with random cell distribution. Moreover, the patterned hiPSC-CMs within the constructs exhibit significantly greater levels of contractile stress, beat frequency, and contraction-relaxation rates, suggesting their improved maturation. Our results demonstrate a novel application of Faraday waves to create stem cell-derived 3D cardiac tissue that resembles the cellular architecture of a native heart tissue for diverse basic research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Serpooshan
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Pu Chen
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Lab, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Canary Center for Early Cancer Detection, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haodi Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Soah Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Arun Sharma
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel A Hu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sneha Venkatraman
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Biology Program, California State University Channel Islands, Camarillo, CA, USA
| | | | - Osman Berk Usta
- Center for Engineering in Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospital for Children, 51 Blossom St., Boston 02144, MA, USA
| | - Martin Yarmush
- Center for Engineering in Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospital for Children, 51 Blossom St., Boston 02144, MA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Rd, Piscataway 08854, NJ, USA
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Lab, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Canary Center for Early Cancer Detection, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering (by Courtesy), Stanford University School of Engineering, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Sean M Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Tan Y, Richards D, Coyle RC, Yao J, Xu R, Gou W, Wang H, Menick DR, Tian B, Mei Y. Cell number per spheroid and electrical conductivity of nanowires influence the function of silicon nanowired human cardiac spheroids. Acta Biomater 2017; 51:495-504. [PMID: 28087483 PMCID: PMC5346043 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) provide an unlimited cell source to treat cardiovascular diseases, the leading cause of death worldwide. However, current hiPSC-CMs retain an immature phenotype that leads to difficulties for integration with adult myocardium after transplantation. To address this, we recently utilized electrically conductive silicon nanowires (e-SiNWs) to facilitate self-assembly of hiPSC-CMs to form nanowired hiPSC cardiac spheroids. Our previous results showed addition of e-SiNWs effectively enhanced the functions of the cardiac spheroids and improved the cellular maturation of hiPSC-CMs. Here, we examined two important factors that can affect functions of the nanowired hiPSC cardiac spheroids: (1) cell number per spheroid (i.e., size of the spheroids), and (2) the electrical conductivity of the e-SiNWs. To examine the first factor, we prepared hiPSC cardiac spheroids with four different sizes by varying cell number per spheroid (∼0.5k, ∼1k, ∼3k, ∼7k cells/spheroid). Spheroids with ∼3k cells/spheroid was found to maximize the beneficial effects of the 3D spheroid microenvironment. This result was explained with a semi-quantitative theory that considers two competing factors: 1) the improved 3D cell-cell adhesion, and 2) the reduced oxygen supply to the center of spheroids with the increase of cell number. Also, the critical role of electrical conductivity of silicon nanowires has been confirmed in improving tissue function of hiPSC cardiac spheroids. These results lay down a solid foundation to develop suitable nanowired hiPSC cardiac spheroids as an innovative cell delivery system to treat cardiovascular diseases. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Due to the limited regenerative capacity of adult human hearts, human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) have received significant attention because they provide a patient specific cell source to regenerate damaged hearts. Despite the progress, current human hiPSC-CMs retain an immature phenotype that leads to difficulties for integration with adult myocardium after transplantation. To address this, we recently utilized electrically conductive silicon nanowires (e-SiNWs) to facilitate self-assembly of hiPSC-CMs to form nanowired hiPSC cardiac spheroids. Our previous results showed addition of e-SiNWs effectively enhanced the functions of the cardiac spheroids and improved the cellular maturation of hiPSC-CMs. In this manuscript, we examined the effects of two important factors on the functions of nanowired hiPSC cardiac spheroids: (1) cell number per spheroid (i.e., size of the spheroids), and (2) the electrical conductivity of the e-SiNWs. The results from these studies will allow for the development of suitable nanowired hiPSC cardiac spheroids to effectively deliver hiPSC-CMs for heart repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tan
- Bioengineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Dylan Richards
- Bioengineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Robert C Coyle
- Bioengineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Jenny Yao
- Academic Magnet High School, North Charleston, SC 29405, USA
| | - Ruoyu Xu
- Department of Chemistry, The James Franck Institute and the Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Wenyu Gou
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Donald R Menick
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Bozhi Tian
- Department of Chemistry, The James Franck Institute and the Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ying Mei
- Bioengineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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45
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Simon-Yarza T, Bataille I, Letourneur D. Cardiovascular Bio-Engineering: Current State of the Art. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2017; 10:180-193. [DOI: 10.1007/s12265-017-9740-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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46
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Mehrotra S, Nandi SK, Mandal BB. Stacked silk-cell monolayers as a biomimetic three dimensional construct for cardiac tissue reconstruction. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:6325-6338. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01494e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A facile biomimetic fabrication technique of stacking silk-cardiomyocyte monolayers into a 3-dimensional construct for cardiac tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Mehrotra
- Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Laboratory
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Guwahati-781039
- India
| | - Samit Kumar Nandi
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology
- West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences
- Kolkata-700037
- India
| | - Biman B. Mandal
- Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Laboratory
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Guwahati-781039
- India
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47
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Guler S, Hosseinian P, Aydin HM. Hybrid Aorta Constructs via In Situ Crosslinking of Poly(glycerol-sebacate) Elastomer Within a Decellularized Matrix. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2016; 23:21-29. [PMID: 27875930 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2016.0375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Decellularization of tissues and organs has high potential to obtain unique conformation and composition as native tissue structure but may result in weakened tissue mechanical strength. In this study, poly(glycerol-sebacate) (PGS) elastomers were combined with decellularized aorta fragments to investigate the changes in mechanical properties. PGS prepolymer was synthesized via microwave irradiation and then in situ crosslinked within the decellularized aorta extracellular matrix (ECM). Tensile strength (σ) values were found comparable as 0.44 ± 0.10 MPa and 0.57 ± 0.18 MPa for native and hybrid aorta samples, respectively, while elongation at break (ɛ) values were 261% ± 17%, 7.5% ± 0.57%, and 22.18% ± 2.48% for wet control (native), decellularized dried aortae, and hybrid matrices, showing elastic contribution. Young's modulus data indicate that there was a threefold decrease in stiffness compared to decellularized samples once PGS is introduced into the ECM structure. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of hybrid grafts revealed that the construct preserves porosity in medial layer of the vessel. Biocompatibility analyses showed no cytotoxic effects on human abdominal aorta smooth muscle cells. Cell studies showed 98% activity in hybrid graft extracts. As a control, collagen coating of the hybrid grafts was performed in the recellularization stage. SEM analysis of recellularized hybrid grafts revealed that cells were attached to the surface of the hybrid graft and proliferated during the 14 days of culture in both groups. This study shows that introducing an elastomer into the native ECM structure following decellularization process can be a useful approach for the preparation of mechanically enhanced composites for soft tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selcan Guler
- 1 Bioengineering Division, Institute of Science, Hacettepe University , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pezhman Hosseinian
- 2 Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine Division, Institute of Science, Hacettepe University , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Halil Murat Aydin
- 3 Environmental Engineering Department & Bioengineering Division and Centre for Bioengineering, Hacettepe University , Ankara, Turkey
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48
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Tissue-engineered 3-dimensional (3D) microenvironment enhances the direct reprogramming of fibroblasts into cardiomyocytes by microRNAs. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38815. [PMID: 27941896 PMCID: PMC5150639 DOI: 10.1038/srep38815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently shown that a combination of microRNAs, miR combo, can directly reprogram cardiac fibroblasts into functional cardiomyocytes in vitro and in vivo. Reprogramming of cardiac fibroblasts by miR combo in vivo is associated with improved cardiac function following myocardial infarction. However, the efficiency of direct reprogramming in vitro is relatively modest and new strategies beyond the traditional two-dimensional (2D) culture should be identified to improve reprogramming process. Here, we report that a tissue-engineered three-dimensional (3D) hydrogel environment enhanced miR combo reprogramming of neonatal cardiac and tail-tip fibroblasts. This was associated with significantly increased MMPs expression in 3D vs. 2D cultured cells, while pharmacological inhibition of MMPs blocked the effect of the 3D culture on enhanced miR combo mediated reprogramming. We conclude that 3D tissue-engineered environment can enhance the direct reprogramming of fibroblasts to cardiomyocytes via a MMP-dependent mechanism.
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49
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Mawad D, Mansfield C, Lauto A, Perbellini F, Nelson GW, Tonkin J, Bello SO, Carrad DJ, Micolich AP, Mahat MM, Furman J, Payne D, Lyon AR, Gooding JJ, Harding SE, Terracciano CM, Stevens MM. A conducting polymer with enhanced electronic stability applied in cardiac models. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1601007. [PMID: 28138526 PMCID: PMC5262463 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1601007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Electrically active constructs can have a beneficial effect on electroresponsive tissues, such as the brain, heart, and nervous system. Conducting polymers (CPs) are being considered as components of these constructs because of their intrinsic electroactive and flexible nature. However, their clinical application has been largely hampered by their short operational time due to a decrease in their electronic properties. We show that, by immobilizing the dopant in the conductive scaffold, we can prevent its electric deterioration. We grew polyaniline (PANI) doped with phytic acid on the surface of a chitosan film. The strong chelation between phytic acid and chitosan led to a conductive patch with retained electroactivity, low surface resistivity (35.85 ± 9.40 kilohms per square), and oxidized form after 2 weeks of incubation in physiological medium. Ex vivo experiments revealed that the conductive nature of the patch has an immediate effect on the electrophysiology of the heart. Preliminary in vivo experiments showed that the conductive patch does not induce proarrhythmogenic activities in the heart. Our findings set the foundation for the design of electronically stable CP-based scaffolds. This provides a robust conductive system that could be used at the interface with electroresponsive tissue to better understand the interaction and effect of these materials on the electrophysiology of these tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damia Mawad
- Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Corresponding author. (D.M.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Catherine Mansfield
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Antonio Lauto
- Biomedical Engineering and Neuroscience Research Group, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, New South Wales 2751, Australia
| | - Filippo Perbellini
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | | | - Joanne Tonkin
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Sean O. Bello
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Damon J. Carrad
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Adam P. Micolich
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Mohd M. Mahat
- Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
- Faculty of Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi Mara, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jennifer Furman
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - David Payne
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Alexander R. Lyon
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
- National Institute for Health Research Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, U.K
| | - J. Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Sian E. Harding
- National Institute for Health Research Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, U.K
| | | | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
- Corresponding author. (D.M.); (M.M.S.)
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Shin SR, Li YC, Jang HL, Khoshakhlagh P, Akbari M, Nasajpour A, Zhang YS, Tamayol A, Khademhosseini A. Graphene-based materials for tissue engineering. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 105:255-274. [PMID: 27037064 PMCID: PMC5039063 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Graphene and its chemical derivatives have been a pivotal new class of nanomaterials and a model system for quantum behavior. The material's excellent electrical conductivity, biocompatibility, surface area and thermal properties are of much interest to the scientific community. Two-dimensional graphene materials have been widely used in various biomedical research areas such as bioelectronics, imaging, drug delivery, and tissue engineering. In this review, we will highlight the recent applications of graphene-based materials in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In particular, we will discuss the application of graphene-based materials in cardiac, neural, bone, cartilage, skeletal muscle, and skin/adipose tissue engineering. We will also discuss the potential risk factors of graphene-based materials in tissue engineering. In conclusion, we will outline the opportunities in the usage of graphene-based materials for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Ryon Shin
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Yi-Chen Li
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hae Lin Jang
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Parastoo Khoshakhlagh
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Amir Nasajpour
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ali Tamayol
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21569, Saudi Arabia; College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.
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