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Günalan E, Karagöz ME, Cıvaş CC, Bilgin VA, Erdogan CS, Güven A, Yılmaz B, Gemici B. The effect of maternal period nutritional status on oro-sensorial fat perception and taste preference in rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:2861-2873. [PMID: 36943662 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04703-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
CD36 and GPR120 play an important role in the perception and preference for fat-rich food consumption. We aimed to investigate the relationship between oro-gustatory perception of lipids, fatty taste preference, and maternal (Gestation + Lactation)-maturation period nutrition status in offspring Sprague-Dawley rats. In our study, mother rats were fed with control (C) or high-fat diets (HFD) during gestation (21 days) and lactation (21 days) periods. After weaning, the offspring were fed with control (C) or high-fat diets (HFD) during the maturation (120 days) period. Daily calorie intake and weekly body weight measurements were monitored. Two-bottle preference (TBPT) and licking tests measured the fat perceptions and preferences. Plasma levels of insulin, leptin, glucose, and triglyceride were measured. The protein and mRNA expressions of CD36 and GPR120 in the circumvallate papillae (CVP) were determined. The 48 h TBPT results revealed that maternal HFD-exposed offspring rats significantly preferred 2% rapeseed oil solution regardless of the type of maturation diet. According to the licking test, C/C group (C diet exposed group in maternal and maturation periods) offspring licked 0.1% oleic acid-containing water more than C/HFD (C diet exposed in maternal period and HFD exposed group in maturation period) and HFD/HFD group. (HFD exposed group in maternal and maturation periods) groups. Plasma insulin and leptin concentrations significantly increased in HFD/HFD groups compared to C/C group. CD36 protein expressions were significantly lower in HFD/HFD than C/HFD and HFD/C groups. GPR120 and GNAT3 mRNA expressions in HFD/C group were significantly higher than in C/HFD group. Our results suggest that HFD exposure during maternal and maturation period may play a role in fat perception/preference through oral lipid sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Günalan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Yeditepe University, Ataşehir, 34755, Istanbul, Turkey
- Faculty of Health Science, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Istanbul Health and Technology University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meyli Ezgi Karagöz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Yeditepe University, Ataşehir, 34755, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cihan Civan Cıvaş
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Yeditepe University, Ataşehir, 34755, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Volkan Adem Bilgin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Yeditepe University, Ataşehir, 34755, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cihan Suleyman Erdogan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Yeditepe University, Ataşehir, 34755, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aylin Güven
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Yeditepe University, Ataşehir, 34755, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bayram Yılmaz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Yeditepe University, Ataşehir, 34755, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Burcu Gemici
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Yeditepe University, Ataşehir, 34755, Istanbul, Turkey.
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2
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Sclafani A, Ackroff K. Fat preference deficits and experience-induced recovery in global taste-deficient Trpm5 and Calhm1 knockout mice. Physiol Behav 2022; 246:113695. [PMID: 34998826 PMCID: PMC8826513 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
There is much evidence that gustation mediates the preference for dietary fat in rodents. Several studies indicate that mice have fat taste receptors that activate downstream signaling elements, including TRPM5 and CALHM1 ion channels and P2×2/P2×3 purinergic gustatory nerve receptors. Experiment 1 further documented the involvement of TRPM5 in fat appetite by giving Trpm5 knockout (KO) mice, which show global taste deficits, 24-h two-bottle choice tests with ascending concentrations of soybean oil (0.1 - 10% Intralipid) vs. water. Unlike wildtype (WT) mice, naive Trpm5 KO mice were indifferent to 0.5 - 2.5% fat. They preferred 5-10% fat but consumed much less than WT mice. The same KO mice preferred all fat concentrations in a second test series, which is attributed to a postoral fat conditioned attraction to the non-taste flavor qualities of the Intralipid, although they consumed less fat than the WT mice. The fat preference deficits of the Trpm5 KO mice were as great or greater than those observed in Calhm1 KO mice, another KO line with global taste deficits. Experiment 2 examined experience-enhanced fat preferences in Trpm5 KO and Calhm1 KO mice by giving them one-bottle training with 1%, 2.5%, and 5% fat prior to two-bottle fat vs. water tests. The KO mice displayed increased two-bottle preferences for all concentrations, although they still consumed less 1% and 2.5% fat than WT mice. Thus, the postoral actions of fat induce robust preferences for fat in taste-deficient mice, but do not stimulate the high fat intakes observed in WT mice with normal fat taste signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Sclafani
- Department of Psychology, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, United States of America.
| | - Karen Ackroff
- Department of Psychology, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, United States of America
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3
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OUP accepted manuscript. Chem Senses 2022; 47:6581352. [DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjac008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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4
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Matsumura S, Ishikawa F, Sasaki T, Terkelsen MK, Ravnskjaer K, Jinno T, Tanaka J, Goto T, Inoue K. Loss of CREB Coactivator CRTC1 in SF1 Cells Leads to Hyperphagia and Obesity by High-fat Diet But Not Normal Chow Diet. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6224280. [PMID: 33846709 PMCID: PMC8682520 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate responsive element-binding protein-1-regulated transcription coactivator-1 (CRTC1) is a cytoplasmic coactivator that translocates to the nucleus in response to cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Whole-body knockdown of Crtc1 causes obesity, resulting in increased food intake and reduced energy expenditure. CRTC1 is highly expressed in the brain; therefore, it might play an important role in energy metabolism via the neuronal pathway. However, the precise mechanism by which CRTC1 regulates energy metabolism remains unknown. Here, we showed that mice lacking CRTC1, specifically in steroidogenic factor-1 expressing cells (SF1 cells), were sensitive to high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, exhibiting hyperphagia and increased body weight gain. The loss of CRTC1 in SF1 cells impaired glucose metabolism. Unlike whole-body CRTC1 knockout mice, SF1 cell-specific CRTC1 deletion did not affect body weight gain or food intake in normal chow feeding. Thus, CRTC1 in SF1 cells is required for normal appetite regulation in HFD-fed mice. CRTC1 is primarily expressed in the brain. Within the hypothalamus, which plays an important role for appetite regulation, SF1 cells are only found in ventromedial hypothalamus. RNA sequencing analysis of microdissected ventromedial hypothalamus samples revealed that the loss of CRTC1 significantly changed the expression levels of certain genes. Our results revealed the important protective role of CRTC1 in SF1 cells against dietary metabolic imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigenobu Matsumura
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, 583-8555, Japan
- Correspondence: Shigenobu Matsumura, Graduate School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, Habikino, Osaka, 583-8555, Japan. E-mail:
| | - Fuka Ishikawa
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sasaki
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mike Krogh Terkelsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Kim Ravnskjaer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Tomoki Jinno
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Jin Tanaka
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Goto
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kazuo Inoue
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
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5
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Wu M, Li Q, Mai K, Ai Q. Regulation of Free Fatty Acid Receptor 4 on Inflammatory Gene Induced by LPS in Large Yellow Croaker ( Larimichthys crocea). Front Immunol 2021; 12:703914. [PMID: 34177969 PMCID: PMC8222784 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.703914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFAR4) plays a key role in regulating the inflammatory response in mammals. The present study aimed to investigate the function of large yellow croaker FFAR4 on inflammation. In the present study, ffar4 was widely expressed in 10 tissues of large yellow croaker including gill, head kidney and spleen. Further studies showed that treatment of head kidney macrophages with agonists (TUG891 or GSK137647A) or overexpression of ffar4 reduced the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory genes induced by LPS, and increased the expression of pparγ. Treatment of macrophages with antagonist AH7614 increased the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory genes induced by LPS, and decreased the mRNA expression of pparγ. In order to verify the immunomodulatory effect of PPARγ, PPARγ was overexpressed in macrophages which significantly reduced the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory genes il6, il1β, il8, tnfα and cox2. Moreover, results of dual-luciferase assays showed that PPARγ downregulated the transcriptional activity of il6 and il1β promoters. In conclusion, FFAR4 showed anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-induced inflammation in large yellow croaker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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6
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Lin C, Colquitt L, Wise P, Breslin PAS, Rawson NE, Genovese F, Maina I, Joseph P, Fomuso L, Slade L, Brooks D, Miclo A, Hayes JE, Sullo A, Reed DR. Studies of human twins reveal genetic variation that affects dietary fat perception. Chem Senses 2020; 45:bjaa036. [PMID: 32516399 PMCID: PMC7339080 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjaa036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To learn more about the mechanisms of human dietary fat perception, 398 human twins rated fattiness and liking for six types of potato chips that differed in triglyceride content (2.5, 5, 10, and 15% corn oil); reliability estimates were obtained from a subset (n = 50) who did the task twice. Some chips also had a saturated long-chain fatty acid (hexadecanoic acid, 16:0) added (0.2%) to evaluate its effect on fattiness and liking. We computed the heritability of these measures and conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify regions of the genome that co-segregate with fattiness and liking. Perceived fattiness and liking for the potato chips were reliable (r = 0.31-0.62, p < 0.05) and heritable (up to h2 = 0.29, p < 0.001, for liking). Adding hexadecanoic acid to the potato chips significantly increased ratings of fattiness but decreased liking. Twins with the G allele of rs263429 near GATA3-AS1 or the G allele of rs8103990 within ZNF729 reported more liking for potato chips than did twins with the other allele (multivariate GWAS, p < 1×10-5), with results reaching genome-wide suggestive but not significance criteria. Person-to-person variation in the perception and liking of dietary fat was (a) negatively affected by the addition of a saturated fatty acid and (b) related to inborn genetic variants. These data suggest liking for dietary fat is not due solely to fatty acid content and highlight new candidate genes and proteins within this sensory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cailu Lin
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Paul Wise
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ivy Maina
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paule Joseph
- Sensory Science and Metabolism Unit, Biobehavioral Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Louise Slade
- Food Polymer Science Consultancy, Morris Plains, NJ, USA
| | | | - Aurélie Miclo
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John E Hayes
- Sensory Evaluation Center, and Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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7
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Zhao Y, Nishida M, Ueda S, Shirai Y, Habara M, Ikezaki H, Yamanoue M. Comparative Study of the Effects of Different Pretreatment Procedures on Beef Taste-traits Using an Electronic Taste Sensing System. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.26.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhao
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University
| | | | - Shuji Ueda
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University
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8
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Abstract
In the last few years, single-cell profiling of taste cells and ganglion cells has advanced our understanding of transduction, encoding, and transmission of information from taste buds as relayed to the central nervous system. This review focuses on new knowledge from these molecular approaches and attempts to place this in the context of previous questions and findings in the field. The individual taste cells within a taste bud are molecularly specialized for detection of one of the primary taste qualities: salt, sour, sweet, umami, and bitter. Transduction and transmitter release mechanisms differ substantially for taste cells transducing sour (Type III cells) compared with those transducing the qualities of sweet, umami, or bitter (Type II cells), although ultimately all transmission of taste relies on activation of purinergic P2X receptors on the afferent nerves. The ganglion cells providing innervation to the taste buds also appear divisible into functional and molecular subtypes, and each ganglion cell is primarily but not exclusively responsive to one taste quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue C. Kinnamon
- Rocky Mountain Taste & Smell Center, Department of Otolaryngology and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Thomas E. Finger
- Rocky Mountain Taste & Smell Center, Department of Otolaryngology and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
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9
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Kimura I, Ichimura A, Ohue-Kitano R, Igarashi M. Free Fatty Acid Receptors in Health and Disease. Physiol Rev 2019; 100:171-210. [PMID: 31487233 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00041.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 470] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids are metabolized and synthesized as energy substrates during biological responses. Long- and medium-chain fatty acids derived mainly from dietary triglycerides, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by gut microbial fermentation of the otherwise indigestible dietary fiber, constitute the major sources of free fatty acids (FFAs) in the metabolic network. Recently, increasing evidence indicates that FFAs serve not only as energy sources but also as natural ligands for a group of orphan G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) termed free fatty acid receptors (FFARs), essentially intertwining metabolism and immunity in multiple ways, such as via inflammation regulation and secretion of peptide hormones. To date, several FFARs that are activated by the FFAs of various chain lengths have been identified and characterized. In particular, FFAR1 (GPR40) and FFAR4 (GPR120) are activated by long-chain saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, while FFAR3 (GPR41) and FFAR2 (GPR43) are activated by SCFAs, mainly acetate, butyrate, and propionate. In this review, we discuss the recent reports on the key physiological functions of the FFAR-mediated signaling transduction pathways in the regulation of metabolism and immune responses. We also attempt to reveal future research opportunities for developing therapeutics for metabolic and immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuo Kimura
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Biochemistry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Ichimura
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Biochemistry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryuji Ohue-Kitano
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Biochemistry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Miki Igarashi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Biochemistry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
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10
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Matsumura S, Odanaka M, Ishikawa F, Sasaki T, Manio MCC, Fushiki T, Inoue K. Chronic high corticosterone with voluntary corn oil ingestion induces significant body weight gain in mice. Physiol Behav 2019; 204:112-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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11
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Yasumatsu K, Iwata S, Inoue M, Ninomiya Y. Fatty acid taste quality information via GPR120 in the anterior tongue of mice. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 226:e13215. [PMID: 30375738 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIM To elucidate whether fatty acid taste has a quality that does not overlap with other primary qualities, we investigated potential neuron types coding fatty acid information and how GPR120 is involved. METHODS Single fibre recordings in the chorda tympani (CT) nerve and behavioural response measurements using a conditioned taste aversion paradigm were performed in GPR120-knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice. RESULTS Single fibres can be classified into fatty acid (F)-, S-, M-, electrolyte (E)-, Q-, and N-type groups according to the maximal response among oleic acid, sucrose, monopotassium glutamate (MPG), HCl, quinine hydrochloride, and NaCl respectively. Among fibres, 4.0% in GPR120-KO and 17.9% in WT mice showed a maximal response to oleic acid (F-type). Furthermore, half or more of S- and M-type fibres showed responses to fatty acids in both mouse strains, although the thresholds in KO mice were significantly higher and impulse frequencies lower than those in WT mice. GPR120-KO mice conditioned to avoid linoleic acid showed generalized stimulus avoidances for MPG, indicating qualitative similarity between linoleic acid and MPG. The KO mice showed a higher generalization threshold for linoleic acid than that of WT mice. CONCLUSION Fatty acid taste is suggested to have a unique quality owing to the discovery of F-type fibres, with GPR120 involved in neural information pathways for a unique quality and palatable taste qualities in the mouse CT nerve. GPR120 plays roles in distinguishing fatty acid taste from other primary tastes and the detection of low linoleic acid concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Yasumatsu
- Division of Sensory Physiology, Research and Development Center for Taste and Odor Sensing Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Shusuke Iwata
- Division of Sensory Physiology, Research and Development Center for Taste and Odor Sensing Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Mayuko Inoue
- Division of Sensory Physiology, Research and Development Center for Taste and Odor Sensing Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Yuzo Ninomiya
- Division of Sensory Physiology, Research and Development Center for Taste and Odor Sensing Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
- Monell Chemical Senses Center Philadelphia Pennsylvania
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12
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Mouillot T, Szleper E, Vagne G, Barthet S, Litime D, Brindisi MC, Leloup C, Penicaud L, Nicklaus S, Brondel L, Jacquin-Piques A. Cerebral gustatory activation in response to free fatty acids using gustatory evoked potentials in humans. J Lipid Res 2018; 60:661-670. [PMID: 30587521 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m086587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is some evidence of specific oro-detection of FFAs in rodents and humans. The aim of this study was to record gustatory evoked potentials (GEPs) in response to FFA solutions and to compare GEPs in response to linoleic acid solution with GEPs obtained after stimulation with sweet and salty tastants. Eighteen healthy men were randomly stimulated with fatty (linoleic acid), sweet (sucrose), and salty (NaCl) solutions at two concentrations in the first experiment. Control recordings (n = 14) were obtained during stimulation by a paraffin oil mixture without FFA or by water. In the second experiment, 28 men were randomly stimulated with five FFA solutions and a paraffin emulsion. GEPs were recorded with electroencephalographic electrodes at Cz, Fz, and Pz. GEPs were observed in response to FFA in all participants. GEP characteristics did not differ according to the quality and the concentration of the solutions in the first experiment and according to the FFA in the second experiment. This study describes for the first time GEPs in response to FFA and demonstrates that the presence of FFA in the mouth triggers an activation of the gustatory cortex. These data reinforce the concept that fat taste could be the sixth primary taste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Mouillot
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France.,Departments of Hepato-Gastro-Enterology CHU Dijon Bourgogne, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Emilie Szleper
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Gaspard Vagne
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Sophie Barthet
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Djihed Litime
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Marie-Claude Brindisi
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France.,Endocrinology and Nutrition CHU Dijon Bourgogne, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Corinne Leloup
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Luc Penicaud
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Sophie Nicklaus
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Laurent Brondel
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France.,Departments of Hepato-Gastro-Enterology CHU Dijon Bourgogne, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Agnès Jacquin-Piques
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France .,Endocrinology and Nutrition CHU Dijon Bourgogne, F-21000 Dijon, France
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13
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Matsumura S, Ishikawa F, Sasaki T, Odanaka M, Manio MCC, Fushiki T, Inoue K. Voluntary Corn Oil Ingestion Increases Energy Expenditure and Interscapular UCP1 Expression Through the Sympathetic Nerve in C57BL/6 Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1800241. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigenobu Matsumura
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology; Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Fuka Ishikawa
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology; Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sasaki
- Department of Neurology; Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka University; Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Mayuki Odanaka
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology; Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Mark Christian C. Manio
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology; Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Tohru Fushiki
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology; Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Kazuo Inoue
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology; Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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Discovery of novel selective GPR120 agonists with potent anti-diabetic activity by hybrid design. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:2599-2604. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Bader M, Dunkel A, Wenning M, Kohler B, Medard G, Del Castillo E, Gholami A, Kuster B, Scherer S, Hofmann T. Dynamic Proteome Alteration and Functional Modulation of Human Saliva Induced by Dietary Chemosensory Stimuli. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:5621-5634. [PMID: 29787679 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Saliva flow measurements and SDS-PAGE separation of human whole saliva freshly collected after oral stimulation with citric acid (sour), aspartame (sweet), iso-α-acids (bitter), mono sodium l-glutamate (umami), NaCl (salty), 6-gingerol (pungent), hydroxy-α-sanshool (tingling), and hydroxy-β-sanshool (numbing), followed by tryptic digestion, nano-HPLC-MS/MS, and label-free protein quantitation demonstrated a stimulus- and time-dependent influence of the dietary chemosensates on salivation and the salivary proteome composition. Gene ontology enrichment analysis showed evidence for stimulus-induced alterations of the saliva proteome to boot an efficient molecular defense network of the oral cavity, e.g., 6-gingerol increased salivary lactoperoxidase activity, catalyzing the oxidation of thiocyanate to produce the antimicrobial and antifungal hypothiocyanate, from 0.37 ± 0.02 to 0.91 ± 0.05 mU/mL 45 s after stimulation. In comparison, oral citric acid stimulation induced an increase of myeloperoxidase activity, catalyzing the chloride oxidation to generate antimicrobial hypochloride in saliva, from 0.24 ± 0.04 to 0.70 ± 0.1 mU/mL as well as an increase of salivary levels of lysozyme, exhibiting antimicrobial activity on Gram-positive bacteria, from 6.0-10 to 100-150 μg/mL. Finally, microbial growth experiments clearly demonstrated for the first time that the increase of the salivary lysozyme abundance upon oral citric acid stimulation translates into an enhanced biological function, that is an almost complete growth inhibition of the two lysozyme-sensitive Gram-positive bacteria tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Bader
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science , Technische Universität München , Lise-Meitner Straße 34 , D-85354 Freising , Germany
| | - Andreas Dunkel
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science , Technische Universität München , Lise-Meitner Straße 34 , D-85354 Freising , Germany
| | - Mareike Wenning
- ZIEL Institute for Food and Health , Technische Universität München , D-85350 Freising , Germany
| | - Bernd Kohler
- ZIEL Institute for Food and Health , Technische Universität München , D-85350 Freising , Germany
| | - Guillaume Medard
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics , Technische Universität München , Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 5 , D-85354 Freising , Germany
| | - Estela Del Castillo
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics , Technische Universität München , Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 5 , D-85354 Freising , Germany
| | - Amin Gholami
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics , Technische Universität München , Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 5 , D-85354 Freising , Germany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics , Technische Universität München , Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 5 , D-85354 Freising , Germany
| | - Siegfried Scherer
- ZIEL Institute for Food and Health , Technische Universität München , D-85350 Freising , Germany
- Chair of Microbial Ecology, Department of Biosciences, WZW , Technische Universität München , 85354 Freising , Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science , Technische Universität München , Lise-Meitner Straße 34 , D-85354 Freising , Germany
- ZIEL Institute for Food and Health , Technische Universität München , D-85350 Freising , Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology , Technical University of Munich , Lise-Meitner Straße 34 , D-85354 Freising , Germany
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16
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Ahn JE, Chen Y, Amrein H. Molecular basis of fatty acid taste in Drosophila. eLife 2017; 6:30115. [PMID: 29231818 PMCID: PMC5747521 DOI: 10.7554/elife.30115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Behavioral studies have established that Drosophila appetitive taste responses towards fatty acids are mediated by sweet sensing Gustatory Receptor Neurons (GRNs). Here we show that sweet GRN activation requires the function of the Ionotropic Receptor genes IR25a, IR76b and IR56d. The former two IR genes are expressed in several neurons per sensillum, while IR56d expression is restricted to sweet GRNs. Importantly, loss of appetitive behavioral responses to fatty acids in IR25a and IR76b mutant flies can be completely rescued by expression of respective transgenes in sweet GRNs. Interestingly, appetitive behavioral responses of wild type flies to hexanoic acid reach a plateau at ~1%, but decrease with higher concentration, a property mediated through IR25a/IR76b independent activation of bitter GRNs. With our previous report on sour taste, our studies suggest that IR-based receptors mediate different taste qualities through cell-type specific IR subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Ahn
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States
| | - Hubert Amrein
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States
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17
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Borg S, Seubert J. Lipids in Eating and Appetite Regulation – A Neuro‐Cognitive Perspective. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201700106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Borg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Psychology Division, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Leiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Janina Seubert
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Psychology Division, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
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18
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Tauber JM, Brown EB, Li Y, Yurgel ME, Masek P, Keene AC. A subset of sweet-sensing neurons identified by IR56d are necessary and sufficient for fatty acid taste. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1007059. [PMID: 29121639 PMCID: PMC5697886 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Fat represents a calorically potent food source that yields approximately twice the amount of energy as carbohydrates or proteins per unit of mass. The highly palatable taste of free fatty acids (FAs), one of the building blocks of fat, promotes food consumption, activates reward circuitry, and is thought to contribute to hedonic feeding underlying many metabolism-related disorders. Despite a role in the etiology of metabolic diseases, little is known about how dietary fats are detected by the gustatory system to promote feeding. Previously, we showed that a broad population of sugar-sensing taste neurons expressing Gustatory Receptor 64f (Gr64f) is required for reflexive feeding responses to both FAs and sugars. Here, we report a genetic silencing screen to identify specific populations of taste neurons that mediate fatty acid (FA) taste. We find neurons identified by expression of Ionotropic Receptor 56d (IR56d) are necessary and sufficient for reflexive feeding response to FAs. Functional imaging reveals that IR56d-expressing neurons are responsive to short- and medium-chain FAs. Silencing IR56d neurons selectively abolishes FA taste, and their activation is sufficient to drive feeding responses. Analysis of co-expression with Gr64f identifies two subpopulations of IR56d-expressing neurons. While physiological imaging reveals that both populations are responsive to FAs, IR56d/Gr64f neurons are activated by medium-chain FAs and are sufficient for reflexive feeding response to FAs. Moreover, flies can discriminate between sugar and FAs in an aversive taste memory assay, indicating that FA taste is a unique modality in Drosophila. Taken together, these findings localize FA taste within the Drosophila gustatory center and provide an opportunity to investigate discrimination between different categories of appetitive tastants. Fat represents a calorically potent food source that yields approximately twice the amount of energy as carbohydrates or proteins per unit of mass. Dietary lipids are comprised of both triacylglycerides and FAs, and growing evidence suggests that it is the free FAs that are detected by the gustatory system. The highly palatable taste of FAs promotes food consumption, activates reward centers in mammals, and is thought to contribute to hedonic feeding that underlies many metabolism-related disorders. Despite a role in the etiology of metabolic diseases, little is known about how dietary fats are detected by the gustatory system to promote feeding. We have identified a subset of sugar-sensing neurons in the fly that also responds to medium-chain FAs and are necessary and sufficient for behavioral response to FAs. Further, we find that despite being sensed by shared neuronal populations, flies can differentiate between the taste of sugar and FAs, fortifying the notion that FAs and sugar represent distinct taste modalities in flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. Tauber
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth B. Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, United States of America
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, United States of America
| | - Maria E. Yurgel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, United States of America
| | - Pavel Masek
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, United States of America
| | - Alex C. Keene
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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19
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Oral lipase activities and fat-taste receptors for fat-taste sensing in chickens. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:131-135. [PMID: 29080746 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.10.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that a functional fat-taste receptor, GPR120, is present in chicken oral tissues, and that chickens can detect fat taste in a behavioral test. However, although triglycerides need to be digested to free fatty acids to be recognized by fat-taste receptors such as GPR120, it remains unknown whether lipase activities exist in chicken oral tissues. To examine this question, we first cloned another fat-taste receptor candidate gene, CD36, from the chicken palate. Then, using RT-PCR, we determined that GPR120 and CD36 were broadly expressed in chicken oral and gastrointestinal tissues. Also by RT-PCR, we confirmed that several lipase genes were expressed in both oral and gastrointestinal tissues. Finally, we analyzed the lipase activities of oral tissues by using a fluorogenic triglyceride analog as a lipase substrate. We found there are functional lipases in oral tissues as well as in the stomach and pancreas. These results suggested that chickens have a basic fat-taste reception system that incorporates a triglycerides/oral-lipases/free fatty acids/GPR120 axis and CD36 axis.
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20
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Im DS. FFA4 (GPR120) as a fatty acid sensor involved in appetite control, insulin sensitivity and inflammation regulation. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 64:92-108. [PMID: 28887275 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Unsaturated long-chain fatty acids have been suggested to be beneficial in the context of cardiovascular disorders based in epidemiologic studies conducted in Greenland and Mediterranean. DHA and EPA are omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids that are plentiful in fish oil, and oleic acid is an omega-9 monounsaturated fatty acid, rich in olive oil. Dietary intake of these unsaturated long-chain fatty acids have been associated with insulin sensitivity and weight loss, which contrasts with the impairment of insulin sensitivity and weight gain associated with high intakes of saturated long-chain fatty acids. The recent discovery that free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFA4, also known as GPR120) acts as a sensor for unsaturated long-chain fatty acids started to unveil the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial functions played by these unsaturated long-chain fatty acids in various physiological processes, which include the secretions of gastrointestinal peptide hormones and glucose homeostasis. In this review, the physiological roles and therapeutic significance of FFA4 in appetite control, insulin sensitization, and inflammation reduction are discussed in relation to obesity and type 2 diabetes from pharmacological viewpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Soon Im
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Mura E, Yagi M, Kizaki Y, Matsumiya K, Matsumura Y, Hayashi Y. Analysis of Active Components on Oral Fat Sensations in Oolong Tea. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.23.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emi Mura
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
- Suntory Global Innovation Center Ltd
| | - Minako Yagi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
| | - Yuki Kizaki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
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22
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Philippe C, Wauquier F, Landrier JF, Bonnet L, Miot-Noirault E, Rochefort GY, Sadoine J, Asrih M, Jornayvaz FR, Bernalier A, Coxam V, Wittrant Y. GPR40 mediates potential positive effects of a saturated fatty acid enriched diet on bone. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 61. [PMID: 27611773 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The stimulation of the free fatty acid receptor G-protein coupled receptor (GPR) 40 by GW9508 prevents bone loss by inhibiting osteoclast activity, both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we questioned whether the stimulation of the GPR40 receptor by dietary fatty acids may lead to the same beneficial effect on bone. METHODS AND RESULTS We investigated (i) the impact of a fatty acid enriched diet (high-fat diet [HFD]) on bone health in C57/BL6 female mice depending on (ii) the estrogen status (ovariectomy) and (iii) the genotype (GPR40+/+ or GPR40-/- ). Bone mineral density (BMD), body composition, weight, inflammation and bone remodeling parameters were monitored. HFD decreased BMD in HFD-SH-GPR40+/+ mice but OVX failed to further impact BMD in HFD-OVX-GPR40+/+ mice, while additional bone loss was observed in HFD-OVX-GPR40-/- animals. These data suggest that when stimulated by fatty acid enriched diets GPR40 contributes to counteract ovariectomy-induced bone alteration. The sparing effect is supported by the modulation of both the osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (OPG/RANKL) ratio in blood stream and the expression level of inflammatory markers in adipose tissues. Bone preservation by GPR40 stimulation is dependent on the presence of long-chain saturated fatty acids. CONCLUSION GPR40 contributes to counter ovariectomy-induced bone loss in a context of saturated fatty acid enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Philippe
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Equipe Alimentation, Squelette et Métabolismes, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Centre de Recherche INRA Auvergne Rhône Alpes, Site de Theix, 63122 Saint Genés Champanelle, France
| | - Fabien Wauquier
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Equipe Alimentation, Squelette et Métabolismes, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Centre de Recherche INRA Auvergne Rhône Alpes, Site de Theix, 63122 Saint Genés Champanelle, France
| | - Jean-François Landrier
- INRA, UMR1260, Nutriments Lipidiques et Prévention des Maladies Métaboliques, Marseille, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée Aix-Marseille 1 et 2, Marseille, France
| | - Lauriane Bonnet
- INRA, UMR1260, Nutriments Lipidiques et Prévention des Maladies Métaboliques, Marseille, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée Aix-Marseille 1 et 2, Marseille, France
| | - Elisabeth Miot-Noirault
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,INSERM, UMR990, IMTV, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Gaël Y Rochefort
- EA 2496 Pathologie, Imagerie et Biothérapies Orofaciales, UFR Odontologie, Université Paris Descartes and PIPA, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
| | - Jérémy Sadoine
- EA 2496 Pathologie, Imagerie et Biothérapies Orofaciales, UFR Odontologie, Université Paris Descartes and PIPA, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
| | - Mohamed Asrih
- Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Métabolisme, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - François R Jornayvaz
- Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Métabolisme, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Véronique Coxam
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Equipe Alimentation, Squelette et Métabolismes, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Centre de Recherche INRA Auvergne Rhône Alpes, Site de Theix, 63122 Saint Genés Champanelle, France
| | - Yohann Wittrant
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Equipe Alimentation, Squelette et Métabolismes, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Centre de Recherche INRA Auvergne Rhône Alpes, Site de Theix, 63122 Saint Genés Champanelle, France
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23
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Lamri A, Bonnefond A, Meyre D, Balkau B, Roussel R, Marre M, Froguel P, Fumeron F. Interaction between GPR120 p.R270H loss-of-function variant and dietary fat intake on incident type 2 diabetes risk in the D.E.S.I.R. study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 26:931-936. [PMID: 27212621 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS GPR120 (encoded by FFAR4) is a lipid sensor that plays an important role in the control of energy balance. GPR120 is activated by long chain fatty acids (FAs) including omega-3 FAs. In humans, the loss of function p.R270H variant of the gene FFAR4 has been associated with a lower protein activity, an increased risk of obesity and higher fasting plasma glucose levels. The aim of this study was to investigate whether p.R270H interacts with dietary fat intake to modulate the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D, 198 incident; 368 prevalent cases) and overweight (787 incident and 2891 prevalent cases) in the prospective D.E.S.I.R. study (n = 5,212, 9 years follow-up). METHODS AND RESULTS The association of p.R270H with dietary fat and total calories was assessed by linear mixed models. The interaction between p.R270H and dietary fat on T2D and overweight was assessed by logistic regression analysis. The p.R270H variant had a minor allele frequency of 1.45% and was not significantly associated with total calories intake, fat intake or the total calories derived from fat (%). However, there was a significant interaction between p.R270H and dietary fat modulating the incidence of T2D (Pinteraction = 0.02) where the H-carriers had a higher risk of T2D than RR homozygotes in the low fat intake category only. The interaction between p.R270H and fat intake modulating the incidence and prevalence of overweight was not significant. CONCLUSION The p.R270H variant of GPR120 modulates the risk of T2D in interaction with dietary fat intake in the D.E.S.I.R.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lamri
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherches des Cordeliers, Research Unit 1138, Paris, France; Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - A Bonnefond
- CNRS-UMR8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France; Lille University, Lille, France; European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), FR 3508, Lille, France
| | - D Meyre
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - B Balkau
- INSERM, CESP Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Villejuif, France; Universities of St Quentin-Versailles and Paris Sud 11, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
| | - R Roussel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherches des Cordeliers, Research Unit 1138, Paris, France; Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Bichat Hospital, Department of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - M Marre
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherches des Cordeliers, Research Unit 1138, Paris, France; Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Bichat Hospital, Department of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - P Froguel
- CNRS-UMR8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France; Lille University, Lille, France; European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), FR 3508, Lille, France
| | - F Fumeron
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherches des Cordeliers, Research Unit 1138, Paris, France; Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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24
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A Review of the Evidence Supporting the Taste of Non‐esterified Fatty Acids in Humans. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-016-2885-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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25
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Milligan G, Shimpukade B, Ulven T, Hudson BD. Complex Pharmacology of Free Fatty Acid Receptors. Chem Rev 2016; 117:67-110. [PMID: 27299848 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are historically the most successful family of drug targets. In recent times it has become clear that the pharmacology of these receptors is far more complex than previously imagined. Understanding of the pharmacological regulation of GPCRs now extends beyond simple competitive agonism or antagonism by ligands interacting with the orthosteric binding site of the receptor to incorporate concepts of allosteric agonism, allosteric modulation, signaling bias, constitutive activity, and inverse agonism. Herein, we consider how evolving concepts of GPCR pharmacology have shaped understanding of the complex pharmacology of receptors that recognize and are activated by nonesterified or "free" fatty acids (FFAs). The FFA family of receptors is a recently deorphanized set of GPCRs, the members of which are now receiving substantial interest as novel targets for the treatment of metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Further understanding of the complex pharmacology of these receptors will be critical to unlocking their ultimate therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Milligan
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Bharat Shimpukade
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Trond Ulven
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Brian D Hudson
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Sakamoto K, Matsumura S, Okafuji Y, Eguchi A, Lee S, Adachi SI, Fujitani M, Tsuzuki S, Inoue K, Fushiki T. Mechanisms Involved in Guiding the Preference for Fat Emulsion Differ Depending on the Concentration. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2016; 61:247-54. [PMID: 26226962 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.61.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
High-fat foods tend to be palatable and can cause addiction in mice via a reinforcing effect. However, mice showed preference for low fat concentrations that do not elicit a reinforcing effect in a two-bottle choice test with water as the alternative. This behavior indicates the possibility that the mechanism underlying fat palatability may differ depending on the dietary fat content. To address this issue, we examined the influences of the opioid system and olfactory and gustatory transductions on the intake and reinforcing effects of various concentrations of a dietary fat emulsion (Intralipid). We found that the intake and reinforcing effects of fat emulsion were reduced by the administration of an opioid receptor antagonist (naltrexone). Furthermore, the action of naltrexone was only observed at higher concentrations of fat emulsion. The intake and the reinforcing effects of fat emulsion were also reduced by olfactory and glossopharyngeal nerve transections (designated ONX and GLX, respectively). In contrast to naltrexone, the effects of ONX and GLX were mainly observed at lower concentrations of fat emulsion. These results imply that the opioid system seems to have a greater role in determining the palatability of high-fat foods unlike the contribution of olfactory and glossopharyngeal nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Sakamoto
- Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
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Ran T, Li H, Liu Y, Zhou C, Tang S, Han X, Wang M, He Z, Kang J, Yan Q, Tan Z, Beauchemin KA. Cloning, Phylogenetic Analysis, and Distribution of Free Fatty Acid Receptor GPR120 Expression along the Gastrointestinal Tract of Housing versus Grazing Kid Goats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:2333-2341. [PMID: 26914739 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b06131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) is reported as a long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) receptor that elicits free fatty acid (FFA) regulation on metabolism homeostasis. The study aimed to clone the gpr120 gene of goats (g-GPR120) and subsequently investigate phylogenetic analysis and tissue distribution throughout the digestive tracts of kid goats, as well as the effect of housing versus grazing (H vs G) feeding systems on GPR120 expression. Partial coding sequence (CDS) of g-GPR120 was cloned and submitted to NCBI (accession no. KU161270 ). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that g-GPR120 shared higher homology in both mRNA and amino acid sequences for ruminants than nonruminants. Immunochemistry, real-time PCR, and Western blot analysis showed that g-GPR120 was expressed throughout the digestive tracts of goats. The expression of g-GPR120 was affected by feeding system and age, with greater expression of g-GPR120 in the G group. It was concluded that the g-GPR120-mediated LCFA chemosensing mechanism is widely present in the tongue and gastrointestinal tract of goats and that its expression can be affected by feeding system and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ran
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region and South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changsha, Hunan 410125, People's Republic of China
- Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengzhi Li
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region and South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changsha, Hunan 410125, People's Republic of China
- Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region and South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changsha, Hunan 410125, People's Republic of China
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México , Toluca, Estado de México C.P. 50090, Mexico
| | - Chuanshe Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region and South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changsha, Hunan 410125, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoxun Tang
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region and South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changsha, Hunan 410125, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Han
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region and South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changsha, Hunan 410125, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region and South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changsha, Hunan 410125, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixiong He
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region and South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changsha, Hunan 410125, People's Republic of China
- Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Jinghe Kang
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region and South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changsha, Hunan 410125, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiongxian Yan
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region and South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changsha, Hunan 410125, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiliang Tan
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region and South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changsha, Hunan 410125, People's Republic of China
| | - Karen A Beauchemin
- Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
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Recent Advances in Molecular Mechanisms of Taste Signaling and Modifying. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 323:71-106. [PMID: 26944619 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The sense of taste conveys crucial information about the quality and nutritional value of foods before it is ingested. Taste signaling begins with taste cells via taste receptors in oral cavity. Activation of these receptors drives the transduction systems in taste receptor cells. Then particular transmitters are released from the taste cells and activate corresponding afferent gustatory nerve fibers. Recent studies have revealed that taste sensitivities are defined by distinct taste receptors and modulated by endogenous humoral factors in a specific group of taste cells. Such peripheral taste generations and modifications would directly influence intake of nutritive substances. This review will highlight current understanding of molecular mechanisms for taste reception, signal transduction in taste bud cells, transmission between taste cells and nerves, regeneration from taste stem cells, and modification by humoral factors at peripheral taste organs.
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Moniri NH. Free-fatty acid receptor-4 (GPR120): Cellular and molecular function and its role in metabolic disorders. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 110-111:1-15. [PMID: 26827942 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, a subfamily of G protein-coupled receptors that are agonized by endogenous and dietary free-fatty acids (FFA) has been discovered. These free-fatty acid receptors include FFA2 and FFA3, which are agonized by short-chained FFA, as well as FFA1 and FFA4, which are agonized by medium-to-long chained FFA. Ligands for FFA1 and FFA4 comprise the family of long chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids including α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), suggesting that many of the long-known beneficial effects of these fats may be receptor mediated. In this regard, FFA4 has gathered considerable interest due to its role in ameliorating inflammation, promoting insulin sensitization, and regulating energy metabolism in response to FFA ligands. The goal of this review is to summarize the body of evidence in regard to FFA4 signal transduction, its mechanisms of regulation, and its functional role in a variety of tissues. In addition, recent endeavors toward discovery of small molecules that modulate FFA4 activity are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader H Moniri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, United States.
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Loper HB, La Sala M, Dotson C, Steinle N. Taste perception, associated hormonal modulation, and nutrient intake. Nutr Rev 2016; 73:83-91. [PMID: 26024495 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuu009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that taste perception influences food intake. After ingestion, gustatory receptors relay sensory signals to the brain, which segregates, evaluates, and distinguishes the stimuli, leading to the experience known as "flavor." It is well accepted that five taste qualities – sweet, salty, bitter, sour, and umami – can be perceived by animals. In this review, the anatomy and physiology of human taste buds, the hormonal modulation of taste function, the importance of genetic chemosensory variation, and the influence of gustatory functioning on macronutrient selection and eating behavior are discussed. Individual genotypic variation results in specific phenotypes of food preference and nutrient intake. Understanding the role of taste in food selection and ingestive behavior is important for expanding our understanding of the factors involved in body weight maintenance and the risk of chronic diseases including obesity, atherosclerosis, cancer, diabetes, liver disease, and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary B Loper
- H.B. Loper is with the Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. M. La Sala and C. Dotson are with the Division of Addiction Medicine, Center for Smell and Taste, Department of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA. N Steinle is with the Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center and University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael La Sala
- H.B. Loper is with the Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. M. La Sala and C. Dotson are with the Division of Addiction Medicine, Center for Smell and Taste, Department of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA. N Steinle is with the Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center and University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cedrick Dotson
- H.B. Loper is with the Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. M. La Sala and C. Dotson are with the Division of Addiction Medicine, Center for Smell and Taste, Department of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA. N Steinle is with the Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center and University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nanette Steinle
- H.B. Loper is with the Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. M. La Sala and C. Dotson are with the Division of Addiction Medicine, Center for Smell and Taste, Department of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA. N Steinle is with the Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center and University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Arantes EL, Dragano N, Ramalho A, Vitorino D, de-Souza GF, Lima MHM, Velloso LA, Araújo EP. Topical Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Accelerates Skin Wound Healing in Rats and Activates GPR120. Biol Res Nurs 2016; 18:411-9. [DOI: 10.1177/1099800415621617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background: The development of methods for improving skin wound healing may have an impact on the outcomes of a number of medical conditions. The topical use of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can accelerate skin wound healing through mechanisms that involve, at least in part, the modulation of inflammatory activity. Purpose: We evaluated whether G-protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120), a recently identified receptor for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) with anti-inflammatory activity, is expressed in the skin and responds to topical DHA. Method: Male Wistar rats were submitted to an 8.0-mm wound on the back and were immediately administered a topical treatment of a solution containing 30 μM of DHA once a day. The healing process was photodocumented, and tissues were collected on Days 5, 9, and 15 for protein and RNA analyses and histological evaluation. Results: GPR120 was expressed in the intact skin and in the wound. Keratinocytes expressed the most skin GPR120, while virtually no expression was detected in fibroblasts. Upon DHA topical treatment, wound healing was significantly accelerated and was accompanied by the molecular activation of GPR120, as determined by its association with β-arrestin-2. In addition, DHA promoted a reduction in the expression of interleukin (IL) 1β and an increase in the expression of IL-6. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in expression of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and the keratinocyte marker involucrin. Discussion: Topical DHA improved skin wound healing. The activation of GPR120 is potentially involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva L. Arantes
- Nursing School, University of Campinas, Campinas SP, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Dragano
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas SP, Brazil
| | - Albina Ramalho
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas SP, Brazil
| | - Daniele Vitorino
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Licio A. Velloso
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas SP, Brazil
| | - Eliana P. Araújo
- Nursing School, University of Campinas, Campinas SP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas SP, Brazil
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Hirasawa A, Takeuchi M, Shirai R, Chen Z, Ishii S, Iida K. [Free fatty acid receptors as therapeutic targets for metabolic disorders]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2015; 146:296-301. [PMID: 26657119 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.146.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Ciullo DL, Dotson CD. Using Animal Models to Determine the Role of Gustatory Neural Input in the Control of Ingestive Behavior and the Maintenance of Body Weight. CHEMOSENS PERCEPT 2015; 8:61-77. [PMID: 26557212 PMCID: PMC4636125 DOI: 10.1007/s12078-015-9190-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Decades of research have suggested that nutritional intake contributes to the development of human disease, mainly by influencing the development of obesity and obesity-related conditions. A relatively large body of research indicates that functional variation in human taste perception can influence nutritional intake as well as body mass accumulation. However, there are a considerable number of studies that suggest that no link between these variables actually exists. These discrepancies in the literature likely result from the confounding influence of a variety of other, uncontrolled, factors that can influence ingestive behavior. STRATEGY In this review, the use of controlled animal experimentation to alleviate at least some of these issues related to the lack of control of experimental variables is discussed. Specific examples of the use of some of these techniques are examined. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The review will close with some specific suggestions aimed at strengthening the link between gustatory neural input and its putative influence on ingestive behaviors and the maintenance of body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana L Ciullo
- Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Division of Addiction Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, and Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA,
| | - Cedrick D Dotson
- Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Division of Addiction Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, and Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA,
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Biological characteristics and agonists of GPR120 (FFAR4) receptor: the present status of research. Future Med Chem 2015; 7:1457-68. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.15.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
GPR120 receptor functions as a receptor for ω-3 fatty acid, involving regulating the secretion of gastrointestinal peptide hormone, adipogenesis, adipogenic differentiation and anti-inflammatory process and the like in the aspect of biological functions. In view that the dysfunction of GPR120 receptor is closely correlated with metabolic disorders, GPR120 may act as a novel potential therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity, insulin resistance, Type 2 diabetes and so on. Therefore, mounting scientists devote themselves to probing the molecular mechanism of the biological function of GPR120 receptor and their ligands for the treatment of impaired metabolic health. Herein, we summarize the mechanisms of signal transduction through GPR120 receptor, and discovery and development of GPR120 agonists thereof.
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Hirasawa A. [Free Fatty Acid Receptor Family: A New Therapeutic Target for Metabolic Diseases]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2015; 135:769-77. [PMID: 26028412 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.14-00250-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Free fatty acids (FFAs) are not only essential nutritional components but they also act as signaling molecules in various physiological processes. A strategy to deorphanize G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) identified a series of receptors for FFAs that play significant roles in nutrition regulation. In this free fatty acid receptor family, FFAR1 (GPR40) and FFAR4 (GPR120) are activated by long-chain FFAs. FFAR1 regulates insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells, whereas FFAR4 promotes the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in the intestine, and also acts as a lipid sensor in adipose tissue to sense dietary fat and control energy balance. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the pharmacological characterization of FFAR1 and FFAR4, and we present a summary of current understandings of their physiological roles and their potential as drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Hirasawa
- Department of Genomic Drug Discovery Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kyoto University; 46-29 Yoshida-Shimo-Adachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501; 2) Inistitute for Integrated Medical Scinces, Tokyo Women's Medical University; 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
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Cvijanovic N, Feinle-Bisset C, Young RL, Little TJ. Oral and intestinal sweet and fat tasting: impact of receptor polymorphisms and dietary modulation for metabolic disease. Nutr Rev 2015; 73:318-334. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuu026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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Sclafani A, Touzani K, Ackroff K. Intragastric fat self-administration is impaired in GPR40/120 double knockout mice. Physiol Behav 2015; 147:141-8. [PMID: 25911263 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mice acquire strong preferences for flavors paired with intragastric (IG) fat infusions. This IG fat conditioning is attenuated in double knockout (DoKO) mice missing GPR40 and GPR120 fatty acid receptors. Here we determined if GPR40/120 DoKO mice are also impaired in IG fat self-administration in an operant lick task. In daily 1-h sessions the mice were trained with a sipper spout that contained dry food pellets; licks on the spout triggered infusions of IG fat (Intralipid). The training sessions were followed by test sessions with an empty spout. GPR40/120 DoKO mice self-infused more 20% fat than wild type (WT) C57BL/6 mice in training with a food-baited spout (2.4 vs. 2.0kcal/h) but self-infused less 20% fat than WT mice in empty spout tests (1.2 vs. 1.7kcal/h). The DoKO mice also self-infused less 5% fat than WT mice (0.6 vs. 1.3kcal/h) although both groups emitted more licks for 5% fat than 20% fat. The DoKO and WT mice did not differ, however, in their self-infusion of 12.5% glucose (1.5 vs. 1.6kcal/h), which is isocaloric to 5% fat. A second 5% IL test showed that the DoKO mice reverted to a reduced self-infusion compared to WT mice. When the infusion was shifted to water, WT mice reduced licking in the first extinction session, whereas DoKO mice were less sensitive to the absence of infused fat. Our results indicate that post-oral GPR40/120 signaling is not required to process IG fat infusions in food-baited spout training sessions but contributes to post-oral fat reinforcement in empty spout tests and flavor conditioning tests.
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Abstract
Levels of obesity have reached epidemic proportions on a global scale, which has led to considerable increases in health problems and increased risk of several diseases, including cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, cancer and diabetes mellitus. People with obesity consume more food than is needed to maintain an ideal body weight, despite the discrimination that accompanies being overweight and the wealth of available information that overconsumption is detrimental to health. The relationship between energy expenditure and energy intake throughout an individual's lifetime is far more complicated than previously thought. An improved comprehension of the relationships between taste, palatability, taste receptors and hedonic responses to food might lead to increased understanding of the biological underpinnings of energy acquisition, as well as why humans sometimes eat more than is needed and more than we know is healthy. This Review discusses the role of taste receptors in the tongue, gut, pancreas and brain and their hormonal involvement in taste perception, as well as the relationship between taste perception, overeating and the development of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Santa-Cruz Calvo
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Biomedical Research Center, Room 09B133, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224-6825, USA
| | - Josephine M Egan
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Biomedical Research Center, Room 09B133, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224-6825, USA
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Wauquier F, Léotoing L, Philippe C, Spilmont M, Coxam V, Wittrant Y. Pros and cons of fatty acids in bone biology. Prog Lipid Res 2015; 58:121-45. [PMID: 25835096 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite the growing interest in deciphering the causes and consequences of obesity-related disorders, the mechanisms linking fat intake to bone behaviour remain unclear. Since bone fractures are widely associated with increased morbidity and mortality, most notably in elderly and obese people, bone health has become a major social and economic issue. Consistently, public health system guidelines have encouraged low-fat diets in order to reduce associated complications. However, from a bone point of view, mechanisms linking fat intake to bone alteration remain quite controversial. Thus, after more than a decade of dedicated studies, this timely review offers a comprehensive overview of the relationships between bone and fatty acids. Using clinical evidences as a starting-point to more complex molecular elucidation, this work highlights the complexity of the system and reveals that bone alteration that cannot be solved simply by taking ω-3 pills. Fatty acid effects on bone metabolism can be both direct and indirect and require integrated investigations. Furthermore, even at the level of a single cell, one fatty acid is able to trigger several different independent pathways (receptors, metabolites…) which may all have a say in the final cellular metabolic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Wauquier
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Equipe Alimentation, Squelette et Métabolismes, France
| | - Laurent Léotoing
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Equipe Alimentation, Squelette et Métabolismes, France
| | - Claire Philippe
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Equipe Alimentation, Squelette et Métabolismes, France
| | - Mélanie Spilmont
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Equipe Alimentation, Squelette et Métabolismes, France
| | - Véronique Coxam
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Equipe Alimentation, Squelette et Métabolismes, France
| | - Yohann Wittrant
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Equipe Alimentation, Squelette et Métabolismes, France.
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Sawamura R, Kawabata Y, Kawabata F, Nishimura S, Tabata S. The role of G-protein-coupled receptor 120 in fatty acids sensing in chicken oral tissues. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 458:387-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.01.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Keast RSJ, Costanzo A. Is fat the sixth taste primary? Evidence and implications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1186/2044-7248-4-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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43
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Sakamoto K, Okahashi T, Matsumura S, Okafuji Y, Adachi SI, Tsuzuki S, Inoue K, Fushiki T. The opioid system majorly contributes to preference for fat emulsions but not sucrose solutions in mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 79:658-63. [PMID: 25516200 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.991688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Rodents show a stronger preference for fat than sucrose, even if their diet is isocaloric. This implies that the preference mechanisms for fat and sucrose differ. To compare the contribution of the opioid system to the preference of fat and sucrose, we examined the effects of mu-, delta-, kappa-, and non-selective opioid receptor antagonists on the preference of sucrose and fat, assessed by a two-bottle choice test and a licking test, in mice naïve to sucrose and fat ingestion. Administration of non-selective and mu-selective opioid receptor antagonists more strongly inhibited the preference of fat than sucrose. While the preference of fat was reduced to the same level as water by the antagonist administration that of sucrose was still greater than water. Our results suggest that the preference of fat relies strongly on the opioid system, while that of sucrose is regulated by other mechanisms in addition to the opioid system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Sakamoto
- a Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
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Ancel D, Bernard A, Subramaniam S, Hirasawa A, Tsujimoto G, Hashimoto T, Passilly-Degrace P, Khan NA, Besnard P. The oral lipid sensor GPR120 is not indispensable for the orosensory detection of dietary lipids in mice. J Lipid Res 2014; 56:369-78. [PMID: 25489006 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m055202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Implication of the long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) receptor GPR120, also termed free fatty acid receptor 4, in the taste-guided preference for lipids is a matter of debate. To further unravel the role of GPR120 in the "taste of fat", the present study was conducted on GPR120-null mice and their wild-type littermates. Using a combination of morphological [i.e., immunohistochemical staining of circumvallate papillae (CVP)], behavioral (i.e., two-bottle preference tests, licking tests and conditioned taste aversion) and functional studies [i.e., calcium imaging in freshly isolated taste bud cells (TBCs)], we show that absence of GPR120 in the oral cavity was not associated with changes in i) gross anatomy of CVP, ii) LCFA-mediated increases in intracellular calcium levels ([Ca(2+)]i), iii) preference for oily and LCFA solutions and iv) conditioned avoidance of LCFA solutions. In contrast, the rise in [Ca(2+)]i triggered by grifolic acid, a specific GPR120 agonist, was dramatically curtailed when the GPR120 gene was lacking. Taken together, these data demonstrate that activation of lingual GPR120 and preference for fat are not connected, suggesting that GPR120 expressed in TBCs is not absolutely required for oral fat detection in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Déborah Ancel
- NUTox, UMR U866 INSERM/Université de Bourgogne/AgroSup Dijon, F21000 Dijon, France
| | - Arnaud Bernard
- NUTox, UMR U866 INSERM/Université de Bourgogne/AgroSup Dijon, F21000 Dijon, France
| | | | - Akira Hirasawa
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Gozoh Tsujimoto
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | | | | | - Naim-Akhtar Khan
- NUTox, UMR U866 INSERM/Université de Bourgogne/AgroSup Dijon, F21000 Dijon, France
| | - Philippe Besnard
- NUTox, UMR U866 INSERM/Université de Bourgogne/AgroSup Dijon, F21000 Dijon, France
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Moran BM, Abdel-Wahab YHA, Flatt PR, McKillop AM. Evaluation of the insulin-releasing and glucose-lowering effects of GPR120 activation in pancreatic β-cells. Diabetes Obes Metab 2014; 16:1128-39. [PMID: 24919766 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the potency and selectivity of various GPR120 agonists and to determine the cellular localization of GPR120 in clonal β-cells and pancreatic islets. METHODS Insulin secretion and alterations in intracellular Ca(2+) and cAMP response to glucose and GPR120 agonists, including endogenous agonists α-linolenic acid (ALA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and a synthetic analogue (GW-9508), were examined using clonal pancreatic BRIN-BD11 cells, mouse pancreatic islets and in vivo studies using NIH Swiss mice. Cytotoxicity was assessed by lactate dehydrogenase release. Cellular localization of GPR120 was explored by double-staining immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The most potent and selective GPR120 agonist tested was ALA (half maximum effective concentration 1.2 × 10(-8) mol/l) with a maximum stimulation of insulin secretion of 53% at 10(-4) mol/l (p < 0.001) in BRIN-BD11 cells. Stimulation of insulin secretion was also observed with GW-9508 (6.4 × 10(-8) mol/l; 47%), EPA (7.9 × 10(-8) mol/l; 36%) and DHA (1.0 × 10(-7) mol/l; 50%). Results were corroborated by islet studies, with no evidence of cytotoxic effects. Dose-dependent insulin secretion by GPR120 agonists was glucose-sensitive and accompanied by significant elevations of intracellular Ca(2+) and cAMP. Immunocytochemistry showed GPR120 expression on BRIN-BD11 cells and was confined to islet β-cells with no distribution on α-cells. Administration of GPR120 agonists (0.1 µmol/kg body weight) in glucose tolerance studies significantly reduced plasma glucose and augmented insulin release in mice. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that GPR120 is expressed on pancreatic β-cells and that agonists at this receptor are potent insulin secretagogues with therapeutic potential for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Moran
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK
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Moriyama R, Deura C, Imoto S, Nose K, Fukushima N. Expression of the long-chain fatty acid receptor GPR120 in the gonadotropes of the mouse anterior pituitary gland. Histochem Cell Biol 2014; 143:21-7. [PMID: 25112963 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-014-1257-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) has been known to be a receptor of long-chain fatty acids. Here, we investigated GPR120 expression in the mouse pituitary gland via real-time PCR, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry. GPR120 mRNA was abundantly expressed in the pituitary gland of ad-lib fed animals. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry revealed GPR120 expression in the gonadotropes of the anterior pituitary gland, but not in thyrotropes, somatotropes, lactotropes, corticotropes, melanotropes, and the posterior pituitary gland. Furthermore, 24 h of fasting induced an increase in GPR120 mRNA expression in the pituitary gland. These results demonstrate that GPR120 in mouse pituitary gonadotropes is upregulated by fasting and that it may play a role in controlling gonadotropin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryutaro Moriyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Life Science, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan,
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Zhang D, Leung PS. Potential roles of GPR120 and its agonists in the management of diabetes. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2014; 8:1013-27. [PMID: 25114508 PMCID: PMC4122337 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s53892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Free fatty acids (FFAs) serve not only as nutrients that provide energy but also as extracellular signaling molecules that manipulate intracellular physiological events through FFA receptors (FFARs) such as FFAR4. FFAR4 is also known as G-protein coupled receptor 120 (GPR120). The main role of GPR120 is to elicit FFA regulation on metabolism homeostasis. GPR120 agonism correlates with prevention of the occurrence and development of metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes. GPR120 activation directly or indirectly inhibits inflammation, modulates hormone secretion from the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas, and regulates lipid and/or glucose metabolism in adipose, liver, and muscle tissues, which may help prevent obesity and diabetes. This review summarizes recent advances in physiological roles of GPR120 in preventing insulin resistance and protecting pancreatic islet function, and examines how resident GPR120 in the pancreas may be involved in modulating pancreatic islet function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Po Sing Leung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Stone VM, Dhayal S, Brocklehurst KJ, Lenaghan C, Sörhede Winzell M, Hammar M, Xu X, Smith DM, Morgan NG. GPR120 (FFAR4) is preferentially expressed in pancreatic delta cells and regulates somatostatin secretion from murine islets of Langerhans. Diabetologia 2014; 57:1182-91. [PMID: 24663807 PMCID: PMC4018485 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3213-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The NEFA-responsive G-protein coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) has been implicated in the regulation of inflammation, in the control of incretin secretion and as a predisposing factor influencing the development of type 2 diabetes by regulation of islet cell apoptosis. However, there is still considerable controversy about the tissue distribution of GPR120 and, in particular, it remains unclear which islet cell types express this molecule. In the present study, we have addressed this issue by constructing a Gpr120-knockout/β-galactosidase (LacZ) knock-in (KO/KI) mouse to examine the distribution and functional role of GPR120 in the endocrine pancreas. METHODS A KO/KI mouse was generated in which exon 1 of the Gpr120 gene (also known as Ffar4) was replaced in frame by LacZ, thereby allowing for regulated expression of β-galactosidase under the control of the endogenous GPR120 promoter. The distribution of GPR120 was inferred from expression studies detecting β-galactosidase activity and protein production. Islet hormone secretion was measured from isolated mouse islets treated with selective GPR120 agonists. RESULTS β-galactosidase activity was detected as a surrogate for GPR120 expression exclusively in a small population of islet endocrine cells located peripherally within the islet mantle. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed co-localisation with somatostatin suggesting that GPR120 is preferentially produced in islet delta cells. In confirmation of this, glucose-induced somatostatin secretion was inhibited by a range of selective GPR120 agonists. This response was lost in GPR120-knockout mice. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The results imply that GPR120 is selectively present within the delta cells of murine islets and that it regulates somatostatin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia M. Stone
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW UK
- Centre for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shalinee Dhayal
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW UK
| | | | | | | | - Mårten Hammar
- R&D, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Xiufeng Xu
- R&D, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - David M. Smith
- R&D, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Noel G. Morgan
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW UK
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Increased Levels of Extracellular Dopamine in the Nucleus Accumbens and Amygdala of Rats by Ingesting a Low Concentration of a Long-Chain Fatty Acid. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 77:2175-80. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.130234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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50
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Effects of Aroma Components from Oxidized Olive Oil on Preference. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 77:1166-70. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.120861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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