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Gillies R, Lee K, Vanin S, Laviolette SR, Holloway AC, Arany E, Hardy DB. Maternal exposure to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol impairs female offspring glucose homeostasis and endocrine pancreatic development in the rat. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 94:84-91. [PMID: 32325173 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent reports indicate that 7% of pregnant mothers in North America use cannabis. This is concerning given that in utero exposure to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), the main psychoactive component in cannabis, causes fetal growth restriction and may alter replication and survival of pancreatic β-cells in the offspring. Accordingly, we hypothesized that maternal exposure to Δ9-THC during pregnancy would impair postnatal glucometabolic health of offspring. To test this hypothesis, pregnant Wistar rats were treated with daily intraperitoneal injections of either 3 mg/kg Δ9-THC or vehicle from gestational day 6 to birth. Offspring were subsequently challenged with glucose and insulin at 5 months of age to assess glucose tolerance and peripheral muscle insulin sensitivity. Female offspring exposed to Δ9-THC in utero were glucose intolerant, associated with blunted insulin response in muscle and increased serum insulin concentration 15 min after glucose challenge. Additionally, pancreata from male and female offspring were harvested at postnatal day 21 and 5 months of age for assessment of endocrine pancreas morphometry by immunostaining. This analysis revealed that gestational exposure to Δ9-THC reduced the density of islets in female, but not male, offspring at postnatal day 21 and 5 months, culminating in reduced β-cell mass at 5 months. These results demonstrate that fetal exposure to Δ9-THC causes female-specific impairments in glucose homeostasis, raising concern regarding the metabolic health of offspring, particularly females, exposed to cannabis in utero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Gillies
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, London, Ontario, Canada; Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kendrick Lee
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Physiology and Pharmacology, London, Ontario, Canada; Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sebastian Vanin
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Physiology and Pharmacology, London, Ontario, Canada; Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steven R Laviolette
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, London, Ontario, Canada; Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alison C Holloway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edith Arany
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, London, Ontario, Canada; Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, St. Joseph's Health Care, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel B Hardy
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Physiology and Pharmacology, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, London, Ontario, Canada; Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, St. Joseph's Health Care, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Xiao D, Kou H, Gui S, Ji Z, Guo Y, Wu Y, Wang H. Age-Characteristic Changes of Glucose Metabolism, Pancreatic Morphology and Function in Male Offspring Rats Induced by Prenatal Ethanol Exposure. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:34. [PMID: 30778335 PMCID: PMC6369175 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restricted offspring suffer from abnormal glucose homeostasis and β cell dysfunction. In this study, we observed the dynamic changes of glucose metabolic phenotype, pancreatic morphology, and insulin synthesis in prenatal ethanol exposure (PEE) male offspring rats, and to explore the potential intrauterine programming mechanism of the glucocorticoid-insulin-like growth factor 1 (GC-IGF1) axis. Ethanol (4 g/kg·d) was administered through oral gavage during gestational day (GD) 9-20. Serum glucose and insulin levels, pancreatic β cell mass, and expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR), IGF1 and insulin were determined on GD20, postnatal week (PW) 6, PW12 with/without chronic stress (CS), and PW24, respectively. Both intraperitoneal glucose and insulin tolerance tests were conducted at PW12 and PW24. Results showed that the serum glucose and insulin levels as well as pancreatic β cell mass were reduced on GD20 in PEE males compared with the controls, while pancreatic GR expression was enhanced but IGF1 and INS1/2 expression were suppressed. After birth, compared with the controls, β cell mass in the PEE males was initially decreased at PW6 and gradually recovered from PW12 to PW24, which was accompanied by increased serum glucose/insulin levels and insulin resistance index (IRI) at PW6 and decreased serum glucose contents at PW12, as well as unchanged serum glucose/insulin concentrations at PW24. In addition, both improved glucose tolerance and impaired insulin sensitivity of the PEE males at PW12 were inversed at PW24. Moreover, at PW6 and PW12, pancreatic GR expression in the PEE group was decreased, while IGF1 expression was reversely increased, resulting in a compensatory increase of insulin expression. Moreover, CS induced pancreatic GR activation and inhibited IGF1 expression, resulting in impaired insulin biosynthesis. Conclusively, the above changes were associated with age and the intrauterine programming alteration of GC-IGF1 axis may be involved in prenatal and postnatal pancreatic dysplasia and impaired insulin biosynthesis in PEE male offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Kou
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuxia Gui
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenyu Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Yin Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Diseases, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Wang
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Zhao M, Yuan L, Yuan MM, Huang LL, Su C, Chen YH, Yang YY, Hu Y, Xu DX. Maternal lipopolysaccharide exposure results in glucose metabolism disorders and sex hormone imbalance in male offspring. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 474:272-283. [PMID: 29614340 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
An adverse intrauterine environment may be an important factor contributing to the development of type 2 diabetes in later life. The present study investigated the longitudinal effects of maternal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure during the third trimester on glucose metabolism and sex hormone balance in the offspring. Pregnant mice were intraperitoneally injected with LPS (50 μg/kg) daily from gestational day (GD) 15 to GD17. Glucose tolerance test (GTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were assessed at postnatal day (PND) 60 and PND120. Sex hormones, their receptors, and metabolic enzymes (aromatase) were measured in male offspring at different phases of development (PND14: juvenile; PND35: adolescence; PND60: adulthood; and PND120: middle age). LPS-exposed male offspring exhibited glucose intolerance and insulin resistance by GTT and ITT at middle age, accompanied by an increase in fasting blood glucose and reductions in serum insulin levels and hepatic phosphorylated (p) -AKT/AKT ratio. However, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance were not observed in LPS-exposed female offspring. Maternal LPS exposure upregulated hepatic aromatase proteins and mRNA levels in male offspring at all time points. At adolescence, the testosterone/estradiol ratio (T/E2) was markedly reduced in LPS-exposed male offspring. Moreover, maternal LPS exposure significantly increased hepatic estrogen receptor (ER) α expressions and decreased hepatic androgen receptor (AR) expressions in male offspring. At adulthood, maternal LPS exposure increased serum estradiol levels, decreased serum testosterone levels and elevated hepatic ERβ expressions in male offspring. In conclusion, maternal LPS exposure upregulated aromatase expressions, followed by a reduction in the T/E2 ratio and an alteration in sex hormone receptor activity, which might be involved in the development of glucose metabolism disorders in middle-aged male offspring. This study provides a novel clue and direction to clarify the pathogenesis of maternal infection-related diabetes in male offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhao
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Li Yuan
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Man-Man Yuan
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Li-Li Huang
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Chang Su
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yuan-Hua Chen
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, 230032, China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yu-Ying Yang
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yan Hu
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, 230032, China; Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
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Ju L, Tong W, Qiu M, Shen W, Sun J, Zheng S, Chen Y, Liu W, Tian J. Antioxidant MMCC ameliorates catch-up growth related metabolic dysfunction. Oncotarget 2017; 8:99931-99939. [PMID: 29245950 PMCID: PMC5725141 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Postnatal catch-up growth may be related to reduce mitochondrial content and oxidation capacity in skeletal muscle. The aim of this study is to explore the effect and mechanism of antioxidant MitoQuinone mesylate beta cyclodextrin complex (MMCC) ameliorates catch-up growth related metabolic disorders. Catch-up growth mice were created by restricting maternal food intake during the last week of gestation and providing high fat diet after weaning. Low birthweight mice and normal birthweight controls were randomly subjected to normal fat diet, high fat diet and high fat diet with MMCC drinking from the 4th week. MMCC treatment for 21 weeks slowed down the catch up growth and ameliorated catch-up growth related obesity, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. MMCC administration significantly inhibited the peroxidation of the membrane lipid and up-regulated the antioxidant enzymes Catalase and MnSOD. In addition, MMCC treatment effectively enhanced mitochondrial functions in skeletal muscle through the up-regulation of the ATP generation, and the promotion of mitochondrial replication and remodeling. To conclude, this study demonstrates that antioxidant MMCC effectively ameliorates catch-up growth related metabolic dysfunctions by increasing mitochondrial functions in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Ju
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxin Tong
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Miaoyan Qiu
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weili Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jichao Sun
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Zheng
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wentao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Shanghai Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyan Tian
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
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Kou H, Wang GH, Pei LG, Zhang L, Shi C, Guo Y, Wu DF, Wang H. Effects of prenatal caffeine exposure on glucose homeostasis of adult offspring rats. THE SCIENCE OF NATURE - NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN 2017; 104:89. [DOI: 10.1007/s00114-017-1510-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kawada Y, Asahara SI, Sugiura Y, Sato A, Furubayashi A, Kawamura M, Bartolome A, Terashi-Suzuki E, Takai T, Kanno A, Koyanagi-Kimura M, Matsuda T, Hashimoto N, Kido Y. Histone deacetylase regulates insulin signaling via two pathways in pancreatic β cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184435. [PMID: 28886131 PMCID: PMC5590960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrated that insulin signaling plays important roles in the regulation of pancreatic β cell mass, the reduction of which is known to be involved in the development of diabetes. However, the mechanism underlying the alteration of insulin signaling in pancreatic β cells remains unclear. The involvement of epigenetic control in the onset of diabetes has also been reported. Thus, we analyzed the epigenetic control of insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) expression in the MIN6 mouse insulinoma cell line. We found concomitant IRS2 up-regulation and enhanced insulin signaling in MIN6 cells, which resulted in an increase in cell proliferation. The H3K9 acetylation status of the Irs2 promoter was positively associated with IRS2 expression. Treatment of MIN6 cells with histone deacetylase inhibitors led to increased IRS2 expression, but this occurred in concert with low insulin signaling. We observed increased IRS2 lysine acetylation as a consequence of histone deacetylase inhibition, a modification that was coupled with a decrease in IRS2 tyrosine phosphorylation. These results suggest that insulin signaling in pancreatic β cells is regulated by histone deacetylases through two novel pathways affecting IRS2: the epigenetic control of IRS2 expression by H3K9 promoter acetylation, and the regulation of IRS2 activity through protein modification. The identification of the histone deacetylase isoform(s) involved in these mechanisms would be a valuable approach for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukina Kawada
- Division of Metabolism and Disease, Department of Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shun-ichiro Asahara
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yumiko Sugiura
- Division of Metabolism and Disease, Department of Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ayaka Sato
- Medical Technology Major, Faculty of Health Sciences Major, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ayuko Furubayashi
- Medical Technology Major, Faculty of Health Sciences Major, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mao Kawamura
- Medical Technology Major, Faculty of Health Sciences Major, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Alberto Bartolome
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Emi Terashi-Suzuki
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tomoko Takai
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ayumi Kanno
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Maki Koyanagi-Kimura
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Matsuda
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Naoko Hashimoto
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kido
- Division of Metabolism and Disease, Department of Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
- * E-mail:
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7
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Prenatal caffeine exposure induced high susceptibility to metabolic syndrome in adult female offspring rats and its underlying mechanisms. Reprod Toxicol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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de Oliveira JC, Gomes RM, Miranda RA, Barella LF, Malta A, Martins IP, Franco CCDS, Pavanello A, Torrezan R, Natali MRM, Lisboa PC, Mathias PCDF, de Moura EG. Protein Restriction During the Last Third of Pregnancy Malprograms the Neuroendocrine Axes to Induce Metabolic Syndrome in Adult Male Rat Offspring. Endocrinology 2016; 157:1799-812. [PMID: 27007071 PMCID: PMC5393358 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic malprogramming has been associated with low birth weight; however, the interplay between insulin secretion disruption and adrenal function upon lipid metabolism is unclear in adult offspring from protein-malnourished mothers during the last third of gestation. Thus, we aimed to study the effects of a maternal low-protein diet during the last third of pregnancy on adult offspring metabolism, including pancreatic islet function and morphophysiological aspects of the liver, adrenal gland, white adipose tissue, and pancreas. Virgin female Wistar rats (age 70 d) were mated and fed a protein-restricted diet (4%, intrauterine protein restricted [IUPR]) from day 14 of pregnancy until delivery, whereas control dams were fed a 20.5% protein diet. At age 91 d, their body composition, glucose-insulin homeostasis, ACTH, corticosterone, leptin, adiponectin, lipid profile, pancreatic islet function and liver, adrenal gland, and pancreas morphology were assessed. The birth weights of the IUPR rats were 20% lower than the control rats (P < .001). Adult IUPR rats were heavier, hyperphagic, hyperglycemic, hyperinsulinemic, hyperleptinemic, and hypercorticosteronemic (P < .05) with higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, adiponectin, ACTH, and insulin sensitivity index levels (P < .01). The insulinotropic action of glucose and acetylcholine as well as muscarinic and adrenergic receptor function were impaired in the IUPR rats (P < .05). Maternal undernutrition during the last third of gestation disrupts the pancreatic islet insulinotropic response and induces obesity-associated complications. Such alterations lead to a high risk of metabolic syndrome, characterized by insulin resistance, visceral obesity, and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
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Ju L, Tong W, Qiu M, Shen W, Sun J, Chen Y, Li Z, Wang W, Tian J. Endurance exercise ameliorates low birthweight developed catch-up growth related metabolic dysfunctions in a mouse model. Endocr J 2016; 63:275-85. [PMID: 26842396 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej15-0479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Low birthweight is known to predict high risk of metabolic diseases in adulthood, while regular endurance exercises are believed sufficient to improve metabolic dysfunction. In this study, we established a mouse model to determine whether long-term exercise training could ameliorate catch-up growth, and we explored the possible underlying mechanisms. By restricting maternal food intake during the last week of gestation, we successfully produced low birthweight pups. Further, normal birthweight mice and low birthweight mice were randomly distributed into one of three groups receiving either a normal fat diet, high fat diet, or high fat diet with exercise training. The growth/metabolism, mitochondrial content and functions were assessed at 6 months of age. Through group comparisons and correlation analyses, the 4th week was demonstrated to be the period of crucial growth and chosen to be the precise point of intervention, as the growth rate at this point is significantly correlated with body weight, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT), Lee's index and fat mass in adulthood. In addition, regular endurance exercises when started from 4 weeks remarkably ameliorated low birthweight outcomes and induced catch-up growth and glucose intolerance in the 25th week. Furthermore, real-time PCR and western blot results indicated that the effect of long-term exercise on mitochondrial functions alleviated catch-up related metabolic dysfunction. To conclude, long-term exercise training from the 4th week is sufficient to ameliorate catch-up growth and related metabolic disturbances in adulthood by promoting mitochondrial functions in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Ju
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Berná G, Oliveras-López MJ, Jurado-Ruíz E, Tejedo J, Bedoya F, Soria B, Martín F. Nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics insights into diabetes etiopathogenesis. Nutrients 2014; 6:5338-69. [PMID: 25421534 PMCID: PMC4245593 DOI: 10.3390/nu6115338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered a global pandemic, and the incidence of DM continues to grow worldwide. Nutrients and dietary patterns are central issues in the prevention, development and treatment of this disease. The pathogenesis of DM is not completely understood, but nutrient-gene interactions at different levels, genetic predisposition and dietary factors appear to be involved. Nutritional genomics studies generally focus on dietary patterns according to genetic variations, the role of gene-nutrient interactions, gene-diet-phenotype interactions and epigenetic modifications caused by nutrients; these studies will facilitate an understanding of the early molecular events that occur in DM and will contribute to the identification of better biomarkers and diagnostics tools. In particular, this approach will help to develop tailored diets that maximize the use of nutrients and other functional ingredients present in food, which will aid in the prevention and delay of DM and its complications. This review discusses the current state of nutrigenetics, nutrigenomics and epigenomics research on DM. Here, we provide an overview of the role of gene variants and nutrient interactions, the importance of nutrients and dietary patterns on gene expression, how epigenetic changes and micro RNAs (miRNAs) can alter cellular signaling in response to nutrients and the dietary interventions that may help to prevent the onset of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genoveva Berná
- Department of Stem Cells, Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University Pablo Olavide (CABIMER-UPO), Seville 41091, Spain.
| | - María Jesús Oliveras-López
- Department of Stem Cells, Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University Pablo Olavide (CABIMER-UPO), Seville 41091, Spain.
| | - Enrique Jurado-Ruíz
- Department of Stem Cells, Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University Pablo Olavide (CABIMER-UPO), Seville 41091, Spain.
| | - Juan Tejedo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - Francisco Bedoya
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - Bernat Soria
- Department of Stem Cells, Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University Pablo Olavide (CABIMER-UPO), Seville 41091, Spain.
| | - Franz Martín
- Department of Stem Cells, Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University Pablo Olavide (CABIMER-UPO), Seville 41091, Spain.
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Brite J, Shiroma EJ, Bowers K, Yeung E, Laughon SK, Grewal JG, Zhang C. Height and the risk of gestational diabetes: variations by race/ethnicity. Diabet Med 2014; 31:332-40. [PMID: 24308574 PMCID: PMC4205756 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Gestational diabetes is a common pregnancy complication affecting races/ethnicities disproportionally. Adult height, an indicator of both genetic and early-life factors, is inconsistently associated with gestational diabetes risk. We examined the association and whether it varies by races in a nationally representative US cohort. METHODS Analyses were conducted among 135 861 pregnancies in the Consortium on Safe Labor, 5567 of which were diagnosed with gestational diabetes based on medical records review. Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of gestational diabetes, controlling for other risk factors including body weight. Additionally, a meta-analysis of 15 761 pregnancies with gestational diabetes and 205 828 without gestational diabetes was conducted to estimate the pooled mean difference in height between those with gestational diabetes and control subjects. RESULTS Height was inversely associated with gestational diabetes risk across races/ethnicities, with the strongest association among Asians (P for interaction < 0.01). Comparing extreme quartiles (> 168 vs. < 157 cm), adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 0.18 (0.09-0.36) for Asians/Pacific Islanders, 0.33 (0.29-0.38) for non-Hispanic white women, 0.39 (0.31-0.51) for Hispanics and 0.59 (0.47-0.75) for non-Hispanic black women. Meta-analysis found women with gestational diabetes to be significantly shorter than others. CONCLUSIONS Taller women are at lower risk of developing gestational diabetes, with the magnitude of association varying significantly across races/ethnicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Brite
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Epidemiology, Statistics and Prevention Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD; School of Public Health, City University of New York, New York, NY
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Vanhees K, Vonhögen IGC, van Schooten FJ, Godschalk RWL. You are what you eat, and so are your children: the impact of micronutrients on the epigenetic programming of offspring. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:271-85. [PMID: 23892892 PMCID: PMC11113902 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1427-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The research field of fetal programming has developed tremendously over the years and increasing knowledge suggests that both maternal and paternal unbalanced diet can have long-lasting effects on the health of offspring. Studies implicate that macronutrients play an important role in fetal programming, although the importance of micronutrients is also becoming increasingly apparent. Folic acid and vitamins B2, B6 and B12 are essential for one-carbon metabolism and are involved in DNA methylation. They can therefore influence the programming of the offspring's epigenome. Also, other micronutrients such as vitamins A and C, iron, chromium, zinc and flavonoids play a role in fetal programming. Since it is estimated that approximately 78 % of pregnant women in the US take vitamin supplements during pregnancy, more attention should be given to the long-term effects of these supplements on offspring. In this review we address several different studies which illustrate that an unbalanced diet prior and during pregnancy, regarding the intake of micronutrients of both mother and father, can have long-lasting effects on the health of adult offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Vanhees
- Department of Toxicology, School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands,
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13
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Birth weight predicts the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus and pregravid obesity. Nutrition 2014; 30:39-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 04/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Johnston LW, Harris SB, Retnakaran R, Gerstein HC, Zinman B, Hamilton J, Hanley AJ. Short leg length, a marker of early childhood deprivation, is associated with metabolic disorders underlying type 2 diabetes: the PROMISE cohort study. Diabetes Care 2013; 36:3599-606. [PMID: 24089539 PMCID: PMC3816896 DOI: 10.2337/dc13-0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Short leg length, a marker of early childhood deprivation, has been used in studies of the association of early life conditions with adult chronic disease risk. The objective of this study was to determine the cross-sectional associations of leg length with measures of insulin sensitivity and β-cell function. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Subjects (n = 462) at risk for type 2 diabetes were recruited into the PROspective Metabolism and ISlet cell Evaluation (PROMISE) longitudinal cohort. Leg length was calculated from sitting and standing height at the 3-year clinical examination. Glucose tolerance status was determined using an oral glucose tolerance test. Insulin sensitivity was assessed using homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and the Matsuda insulin sensitivity index (ISI), while the insulinogenic index over HOMA-IR (IGI/IR) and the insulin secretion sensitivity index 2 (ISSI-2) determined β-cell function. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted, adjusting for covariates including age, sex, ethnicity, family history of diabetes, waist, and weight. RESULTS Leg length and leg-to-height ratio were significantly associated with HOMA-IR (β = -0.037, β = -10.49, respectively; P < 0.0001), ISI (β = 0.035, β = 8.83, respectively; P < 0.0001), IGI/IR (β = 0.021, P < 0.05; β = 7.60, P < 0.01, respectively), and ISSI-2 (β = 0.01, P < 0.03; β = 3.34, P < 0.01, respectively) after adjustment for covariates. The association of shorter leg length with lower insulin sensitivity was most evident for those with high waist circumferences. CONCLUSIONS Shorter legs were independently associated with lower insulin sensitivity and β-cell function, suggesting that early childhood deprivation may increase the risk of developing diabetes.
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Wanjihia VW, Ohminami H, Taketani Y, Amo K, Yamanaka-Okumura H, Yamamoto H, Takeda E. Induction of the hepatic stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 gene in offspring after isocaloric administration of high fat sucrose diet during gestation. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2013; 53:150-7. [PMID: 24249969 PMCID: PMC3818269 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.13-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse early nutrition leads to metabolic aberrations in adulthood. Molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible are emerging; specific nutritional causes remain unclarified. We investigated gestational dietary intake and its influences on metabolism in offspring. Three groups of pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either AIN93G standard diet as control, isocaloric high fat sucrose diet or calorie restriction diet (50% of control) until delivery. All dams were fed control diet ad libitum during lactation. Offsprings’ metabolic parameters were assessed at three weeks. Visceral fat and plasma triglycerides of high fat sucrose diet offspring were significantly higher than those of control diet and calorie restriction diet offspring. Plasma leptin level was higher in high fat sucrose diet than control offspring. Conversely, plasma adiponectin was lower in high fat sucrose diet and calorie restriction diet offspring compared to controls. Significant inductions of hepatic mRNA expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase1 and Δ-5 desaturase genes, were observed in high fat sucrose diet and calorie restriction diet offspring. Gestational high sugar and fat intake even without over energy intake would be more detrimental to metabolisms of offspring compared to calorie restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violet Wanjiku Wanjihia
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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16
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Gillespie JR, Bush JR, Bell GI, Aubrey LA, Dupuis H, Ferron M, Kream B, DiMattia G, Patel S, Woodgett JR, Karsenty G, Hess DA, Beier F. GSK-3β function in bone regulates skeletal development, whole-body metabolism, and male life span. Endocrinology 2013; 154:3702-18. [PMID: 23904355 PMCID: PMC5053811 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 β (GSK-3β) is an essential negative regulator or "brake" on many anabolic-signaling pathways including Wnt and insulin. Global deletion of GSK-3β results in perinatal lethality and various skeletal defects. The goal of our research was to determine GSK-3β cell-autonomous effects and postnatal roles in the skeleton. We used the 3.6-kb Col1a1 promoter to inactivate the Gsk3b gene (Col1a1-Gsk3b knockout) in skeletal cells. Mutant mice exhibit decreased body fat and postnatal bone growth, as well as delayed development of several skeletal elements. Surprisingly, the mutant mice display decreased circulating glucose and insulin levels despite normal expression of GSK-3β in metabolic tissues. We showed that these effects are due to an increase in global insulin sensitivity. Most of the male mutant mice died after weaning. Prior to death, blood glucose changed from low to high, suggesting a possible switch from insulin sensitivity to resistance. These male mice die with extremely large bladders that are preceded by damage to the urogenital tract, defects that are also seen type 2 diabetes. Our data suggest that skeletal-specific deletion of GSK-3β affects global metabolism and sensitizes male mice to developing type 2 diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bone Development
- Bone and Bones/enzymology
- Bone and Bones/metabolism
- Bone and Bones/pathology
- Collagen Type I/genetics
- Collagen Type I/metabolism
- Collagen Type I, alpha 1 Chain
- Crosses, Genetic
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Disease Susceptibility
- Energy Metabolism
- Female
- Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3/genetics
- Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3/metabolism
- Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta
- Insulin Resistance
- Male
- Male Urogenital Diseases/complications
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Mice, Transgenic
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Sex Characteristics
- Survival Analysis
- Urogenital System/pathology
- Weaning
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Gillespie
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; N6A 5C1.
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Yoshida Y, Fuchita M, Kimura-Koyanagi M, Kanno A, Matsuda T, Asahara SI, Hashimoto N, Isagawa T, Ogawa W, Aburatani H, Noda T, Seino S, Kasuga M, Kido Y. Contribution of insulin signaling to the regulation of pancreatic beta-cell mass during the catch-up growth period in a low birth weight mouse model. Diabetol Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13340-013-0127-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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de Oliveira JC, Lisboa PC, de Moura EG, Barella LF, Miranda RA, Malta A, Franco CCDS, Ribeiro TADS, Torrezan R, Gravena C, Mathias PCDF. Poor pubertal protein nutrition disturbs glucose-induced insulin secretion process in pancreatic islets and programs rats in adulthood to increase fat accumulation. J Endocrinol 2013; 216:195-206. [PMID: 23151360 DOI: 10.1530/joe-12-0408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Similar to gestation/lactation, puberty is also a critical phase in which neuronal connections are still being produced and during which metabolic changes may occur if nutrition is disturbed. In the present study we aimed to determine whether peripubertal protein restriction induces metabolic programming. Thirty-day-old male rats were fed either a low protein (LP group) diet (4% w/w protein) or a normal protein (NP group) diet (23%) until 60 days of age, when they received the NP diet until they were 120 days old. Body weight (BW), food intake, fat tissue accumulation, glucose tolerance, and insulin secretion were evaluated. The nerve electrical activity was recorded to evaluate autonomous nervous system (ANS) function. Adolescent LP rats presented hypophagia and lower BW gain during the LP diet treatment (P<0.001). However, the food intake and BW gain by the LP rats were increased (P<0.001) after the NP diet was resumed. The LP rats presented mild hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, severe hyperleptinemia upon fasting, peripheral insulin resistance and increased fat tissue accumulation and vagus nerve activity (P<0.05). Glucose-induced insulin secretion was greater in the LP islets than in the NP islets; however, the cholinergic response was decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the islets from the NP rats, the LP islets showed changes in the activity of muscarinic receptors (P<0.05); in addition, the inhibition of glucose-induced insulin secretion by epinephrine was attenuated (P<0.001). Protein restriction during adolescence caused high-fat tissue accumulation in adult rats. Islet dysfunction could be related to an ANS imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlio Cezar de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, Block H67, Room 19, Colombo Avenue 5970, 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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Abstract
β-Cell dysfunction is a critical component in the development of type 2 diabetes. Whilst both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of the disease, relatively little is known about the molecular network that is responsible for diet-induced functional changes in pancreatic β-cells. Recent genome-wide association studies for diabetes-related traits have generated a large number of candidate genes that constitute possible links between dietary factors and the genetic susceptibility for β-cell failure. Here, we summarize recent approaches for identifying nutritionally regulated transcripts in islets on a genome-wide scale. Polygenic mouse models for type 2 diabetes have been instrumental for investigating the mechanism of diet-induced β-cell dysfunction. Enhanced oxidative metabolism, triggered by a combination of dietary carbohydrates and fat, appears to play a critical role in the pathophysiology of diet-induced impairment of islets. More systematic studies of gene-diet interactions in β-cells of rodent models in combination with genetic profiling might reveal the regulatory circuits fundamental for the understanding of diet-induced impairments of β-cell function in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chadt
- German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Volkmar M, Dedeurwaerder S, Cunha DA, Ndlovu MN, Defrance M, Deplus R, Calonne E, Volkmar U, Igoillo-Esteve M, Naamane N, Del Guerra S, Masini M, Bugliani M, Marchetti P, Cnop M, Eizirik DL, Fuks F. DNA methylation profiling identifies epigenetic dysregulation in pancreatic islets from type 2 diabetic patients. EMBO J 2012; 31:1405-26. [PMID: 22293752 PMCID: PMC3321176 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2011.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to genetic predisposition, environmental and lifestyle factors contribute to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Epigenetic changes may provide the link for translating environmental exposures into pathological mechanisms. In this study, we performed the first comprehensive DNA methylation profiling in pancreatic islets from T2D and non-diabetic donors. We uncovered 276 CpG loci affiliated to promoters of 254 genes displaying significant differential DNA methylation in diabetic islets. These methylation changes were not present in blood cells from T2D individuals nor were they experimentally induced in non-diabetic islets by exposure to high glucose. For a subgroup of the differentially methylated genes, concordant transcriptional changes were present. Functional annotation of the aberrantly methylated genes and RNAi experiments highlighted pathways implicated in β-cell survival and function; some are implicated in cellular dysfunction while others facilitate adaptation to stressors. Together, our findings offer new insights into the intricate mechanisms of T2D pathogenesis, underscore the important involvement of epigenetic dysregulation in diabetic islets and may advance our understanding of T2D aetiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Volkmar
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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