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Sáez PL, Vallejos V, Sancho-Knapik D, Cavieres LA, Ramírez CF, Bravo LA, Javier Peguero-Pina J, Gil-Pelegrín E, Galmés J. Leaf hydraulic properties of Antarctic plants: effects of growth temperature and its coordination with photosynthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:2013-2026. [PMID: 38173309 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
One of the well-documented effects of regional warming in Antarctica is the impact on flora. Warmer conditions modify several leaf anatomical traits of Antarctic vascular plants, increasing photosynthesis and growth. Given that CO2 and water vapor partially share their diffusion pathways through the leaf, changes in leaf anatomy could also affect the hydraulic traits of Antarctic plants. We evaluated the effects of growth temperature on several anatomical and hydraulic parameters of Antarctic plants and assessed the trait co-variation between these parameters and photosynthetic performance. Warmer conditions promoted an increase in leaf and whole plant hydraulic conductivity, correlating with adjustments in carbon assimilation. These adjustments were consistent with changes in leaf vasculature, where Antarctic species displayed different strategies. At higher temperature, Colobanthus quitensis decreased the number of leaf xylem vessels, but increased their diameter. In contrast, in Deschampsia antarctica the diameter did not change, but the number of vessels increased. Despite this contrasting behavior, some traits such as a small leaf diameter of vessels and a high cell wall rigidity were maintained in both species, suggesting a water-conservation response associated with the ability of Antarctic plants to cope with harsh environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia L Sáez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular Vegetal, Instituto de Agroindustria, Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad-IEB, Concepción, Chile
| | - Valentina Vallejos
- Laboratorio Cultivo de Tejidos Vegetales, Centro de Biotecnología, y Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Domingo Sancho-Knapik
- Departamento de Sistemas Agrícolas, Forestales y Medio Ambiente, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Gobierno de Aragón, Zaragoza, España
| | - Lohengrin A Cavieres
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad-IEB, Concepción, Chile
- ECOBIOSIS, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Barrio Universitario s/n, Concepción, Chile
| | - Constanza F Ramírez
- Laboratorio Cultivo de Tejidos Vegetales, Centro de Biotecnología, y Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - León A Bravo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular Vegetal, Instituto de Agroindustria, Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - José Javier Peguero-Pina
- Departamento de Sistemas Agrícolas, Forestales y Medio Ambiente, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Gobierno de Aragón, Zaragoza, España
| | - Eustaquio Gil-Pelegrín
- Departamento de Sistemas Agrícolas, Forestales y Medio Ambiente, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Gobierno de Aragón, Zaragoza, España
| | - Jeroni Galmés
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, INAGEA-Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
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Ramírez CF, Cavieres LA, Sanhueza C, Vallejos V, Gómez-Espinoza O, Bravo LA, Sáez PL. Ecophysiology of Antarctic Vascular Plants: An Update on the Extreme Environment Resistance Mechanisms and Their Importance in Facing Climate Change. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:449. [PMID: 38337983 PMCID: PMC10857404 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Antarctic flowering plants have become enigmatic because of their unique capability to colonize Antarctica. It has been shown that there is not a single trait that makes Colobanthus quitensis and Deschampsia antarctica so special, but rather a set of morphophysiological traits that coordinately confer resistance to one of the harshest environments on the Earth. However, both their capacity to inhabit Antarctica and their uniqueness remain not fully explained from a biological point of view. These aspects have become more relevant due to the climatic changes already impacting Antarctica. This review aims to compile and update the recent advances in the ecophysiology of Antarctic vascular plants, deepen understanding of the mechanisms behind their notable resistance to abiotic stresses, and contribute to understanding their potential responses to environmental changes. The uniqueness of Antarctic plants has prompted research that emphasizes the role of leaf anatomical traits and cell wall properties in controlling water loss and CO2 exchange, the role of Rubisco kinetics traits in facilitating efficient carbon assimilation, and the relevance of metabolomic pathways in elucidating key processes such as gas exchange, nutrient uptake, and photoprotection. Climate change is anticipated to have significant and contrasting effects on the morphophysiological processes of Antarctic species. However, more studies in different locations outside Antarctica and using the latitudinal gradient as a natural laboratory to predict the effects of climate change are needed. Finally, we raise several questions that should be addressed, both to unravel the uniqueness of Antarctic vascular species and to understand their potential responses to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza F. Ramírez
- Laboratorio Cultivo de Tejidos Vegetales, Centro de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile; (C.F.R.); (V.V.)
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad-IEB, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7800003, Chile;
| | - Lohengrin A. Cavieres
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad-IEB, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7800003, Chile;
- ECOBIOSIS, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Barrio Universitario s/n, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Carolina Sanhueza
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Barrio Universitario s/n, Concepción 4030000, Chile;
| | - Valentina Vallejos
- Laboratorio Cultivo de Tejidos Vegetales, Centro de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile; (C.F.R.); (V.V.)
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad-IEB, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7800003, Chile;
| | - Olman Gómez-Espinoza
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (O.G.-E.) (L.A.B.)
| | - León A. Bravo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (O.G.-E.) (L.A.B.)
| | - Patricia L. Sáez
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad-IEB, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7800003, Chile;
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (O.G.-E.) (L.A.B.)
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Chieppa J, Feller IC, Harris K, Dorrance S, Sturchio MA, Gray E, Tjoelker MG, Aspinwall MJ. Thermal acclimation of leaf respiration is consistent in tropical and subtropical populations of two mangrove species. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:3174-3187. [PMID: 36882067 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Populations from different climates often show unique growth responses to temperature, reflecting temperature adaptation. Yet, whether populations from different climates differ in physiological temperature acclimation remains unclear. Here, we test whether populations from differing thermal environments exhibit different growth responses to temperature and differences in temperature acclimation of leaf respiration. We grew tropical and subtropical populations of two mangrove species (Avicennia germinans and Rhizophora mangle) under ambient and experimentally warmed conditions in a common garden at the species' northern range limit. We quantified growth and temperature responses of leaf respiration (R) at seven time points over ~10 months. Warming increased productivity of tropical populations more than subtropical populations, reflecting a higher temperature optimum for growth. In both species, R measured at 25 °C declined as seasonal temperatures increased, demonstrating thermal acclimation. Contrary to our expectations, acclimation of R was consistent across populations and temperature treatments. However, populations differed in adjusting the temperature sensitivity of R (Q10) to seasonal temperatures. Following a freeze event, tropical Avicennia showed greater freeze damage than subtropical Avicennia, while both Rhizophora populations appeared equally susceptible. We found evidence of temperature adaptation at the whole-plant scale but little evidence for population differences in thermal acclimation of leaf physiology. Studies that examine potential costs and benefits of thermal acclimation in an evolutionary context may provide new insights into limits of thermal acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Chieppa
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
- College of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Ilka C Feller
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD 21037, USA
| | - Kylie Harris
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Susannah Dorrance
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Matthew A Sturchio
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Eve Gray
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Mark G Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael J Aspinwall
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
- College of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Formation Environmental LLC, 1631 Alhambra Blvd, Suite 220, Sacramento, CA 95816, USA
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Beltrán-Sanz N, Raggio J, Pintado A, Dal Grande F, García Sancho L. Physiological Plasticity as a Strategy to Cope with Harsh Climatic Conditions: Ecophysiological Meta-Analysis of the Cosmopolitan Moss Ceratodon purpureus in the Southern Hemisphere. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:499. [PMID: 36771584 PMCID: PMC9919500 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Determining the physiological tolerance ranges of species is necessary to comprehend the limits of their responsiveness under strong abiotic pressures. For this purpose, the cosmopolitan moss Ceratodon purpureus (Hedw.) Brid. is a good model due to its wide geographical distribution throughout different biomes and habitats. In order to disentangle how this species copes with stresses such as extreme temperatures and high radiation, we designed a meta-analysis by including the main photosynthetic traits obtained by gas exchange measurements in three contrasting habitats from the Southern Hemisphere. Our findings highlight that traits such as respiration homeostasis, modulation of the photosynthetic efficiency, adjustment of the optimal temperature, and switching between shade and sun-adapted forms, which are crucial in determining the responsiveness of this species. In fact, these ecophysiological traits are in concordance with the climatic particularities of each habitat. Furthermore, the photosynthetic trends found in our study point out how different Livingston Island (Maritime Antarctica) and Granite Harbour (Continental Antarctica) are for plant life, while the population from the Succulent Karoo Desert (South Africa) shares traits with both Antarctic regions. Altogether, the study highlights the high resilience of C. purpureus under abrupt climate changes and opens new perspectives about the wide spectrum of physiological responses of cryptogams to cope with climate change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Beltrán-Sanz
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Raggio
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Pintado
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Leopoldo García Sancho
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Znój A, Gawor J, Gromadka R, Chwedorzewska KJ, Grzesiak J. Root-Associated Bacteria Community Characteristics of Antarctic Plants: Deschampsia antarctica and Colobanthus quitensis-a Comparison. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 84:808-820. [PMID: 34661728 PMCID: PMC9622554 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01891-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Colobanthus quitensis (Kunth) Bartl. and Deschampsia antarctica Desv. are the only Magnoliophyta to naturally colonize the Antarctic region. The reason for their sole presence in Antarctica is still debated as there is no definitive consensus on how only two unrelated flowering plants managed to establish breeding populations in this part of the world. In this study, we have explored and compared the rhizosphere and root-endosphere dwelling microbial community of C. quitensis and D. antarctica specimens sampled in maritime Antarctica from sites displaying contrasting edaphic characteristics. Bacterial phylogenetic diversity (high-throughput 16S rRNA gene fragment targeted sequencing) and microbial metabolic activity (Biolog EcoPlates) with a geochemical soil background were assessed. Gathered data showed that the microbiome of C. quitensis root system was mostly site-dependent, displaying different characteristics in each of the examined locations. This plant tolerated an active bacterial community only in severe conditions (salt stress and nutrient deprivation), while in other more favorable circumstances, it restricted microbial activity, with a possibility of microbivory-based nutrient acquisition. The microbial communities of D. antarctica showed a high degree of similarity between samples within a particular rhizocompartment. The grass' endosphere was significantly enriched in plant beneficial taxa of the family Rhizobiaceae, which displayed obligatory endophyte characteristics, suggesting that at least part of this community is transmitted vertically. Ultimately, the ecological success of C. quitensis and D. antarctica in Antarctica might be largely attributed to their associations and management of root-associated microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Znój
- Department of Antarctic Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
- Botanical Garden-Center for Biological Diversity Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Prawdziwka 2, 02-973, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Gawor
- Environmental Laboratory of DNA Sequencing and Synthesis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Gromadka
- Environmental Laboratory of DNA Sequencing and Synthesis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna J Chwedorzewska
- Department of Botany, Warsaw, University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Grzesiak
- Department of Antarctic Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
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Beltrán-Sanz N, Raggio J, Gonzalez S, Dal Grande F, Prost S, Green A, Pintado A, Sancho LG. Climate change leads to higher NPP at the end of the century in the Antarctic Tundra: Response patterns through the lens of lichens. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 835:155495. [PMID: 35472357 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Poikilohydric autotrophs are the main colonizers of the permanent ice-free areas in the Antarctic tundra biome. Global climate warming and the small human footprint in this ecosystem make it especially vulnerable to abrupt changes. Elucidating the effects of climate change on the Antarctic ecosystem is challenging because it mainly comprises poikilohydric species, which are greatly influenced by microtopographic factors. In the present study, we investigated the potential effects of climate change on the metabolic activity and net primary photosynthesis (NPP) in the widespread lichen species Usnea aurantiaco-atra. Long-term monitoring of chlorophyll a fluorescence in the field was combined with photosynthetic performance measurements in laboratory experiments in order to establish the daily response patterns under biotic and abiotic factors at micro- and macro-scales. Our findings suggest that macroclimate is a poor predictor of NPP, thereby indicating that microclimate is the main driver due to the strong effects of microtopographic factors on cryptogams. Metabolic activity is also crucial for estimating the NPP, which is highly dependent on the type, distribution, and duration of the hydration sources available throughout the year. Under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, metabolic activity will increase slightly compared with that at present due to the increased precipitation events predicted in MIROC5. Temperature is highlighted as the main driver for NPP projections, and thus climate warming will lead to an average increase in NPP of 167-171% at the end of the century. However, small changes in other drivers such as light and relative humidity may strongly modify the metabolic activity patterns of poikilohydric autotrophs, and thus their NPP. Species with similar physiological response ranges to the species investigated in the present study are expected to behave in a similar manner provided that liquid water is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Beltrán-Sanz
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José Raggio
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergi Gonzalez
- Antarctic Group, Spanish Meteorological Service (AEMET), Spain
| | - Francesco Dal Grande
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Prost
- Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria; University of Veterinary Medicine, Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, Savoyenstrasse 1a, A-1160 Vienna, Austria; Natural History Museum Vienna, Central Research Laboratories, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria; South African National Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 754, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Allan Green
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Pintado
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Leopoldo García Sancho
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Gorb EV, Kozeretska IA, Gorb SN. Hierachical epicuticular wax coverage on leaves of Deschampsia antarctica as a possible adaptation to severe environmental conditions. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 13:807-816. [PMID: 36105691 PMCID: PMC9443388 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.13.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Using cryo scanning electron microscopy, the surface micromorphology of vegetative (leaf blade and ligule) and generative (pedicel and outer glume) organs in Deschampsia antarctica, one of the only two flowering plants native to Antarctica, was examined. Whereas the pedicel and outer glume were wax-free, both leaf sides had a prominent epicuticular wax coverage consisting of two superimposed layers: polygonal rodlets formed by fused irregular platelets (the lower wax layer) and membraneous platelets (the upper wax layer). Although the adaxial (inner) and abaxial (outer) leaf surfaces showed a similar microstructure of the wax coverage, they differed in the thickness ratio between lower and upper wax layer. The ligule bore a very loose wax coverage composed of separate scale-like projections or clusters of them. We suppose that the two-layered wax densely covering both leaf surfaces might contribute to the plant adaptation to severe environmental conditions in Antarctica due to an increase of its resistance against cold temperatures, icing, harmful UV radiation, and dehydration. The presence of the epicuticular wax on the abaxial leaf side and the ligule as well as the hierarchical structure of the wax coverage on both leaf surfaces is described in D. antarctica for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Gorb
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Iryna A Kozeretska
- National Antarctic Scientific Center of Ukraine, Taras Shevchenko Boulevard 16, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Stanislav N Gorb
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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Carbon dioxide isotopic compositions during tundra ecosystem respiration and photosynthesis in relation to environmental variables in maritime Antarctica. Polar Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-021-02829-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Identification and validation of new reference genes for accurate quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR normalization in the Antarctic plant Colobanthus quitensis under abiotic stress conditions. Polar Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-021-02801-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe Antarctic ecotype of Colobanthus quitensis is a vascular plant highly adapted to the harsh environmental conditions of Maritime Antarctica which is now facing with the rapid local warming experienced in the Antarctic Peninsula during the last decades. Thus, the identification of the molecular mechanisms leading to the adaptation to this warming trend is a new target for modern cell physiology. The selection of suitable reference genes for quantification of key stress-responsive genes through quantitative Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) is important to ensure accurate and reliable results. In this study, we evaluated the expression stability of eleven candidate genes in C. quitensis under different abiotic stress conditions using geNorm and RefFinder tools. The statistical analysis showed that the appropriate reference genes varied depending on the experimental conditions, even if EF1α and PP2Acs ranked as the most stable reference genes when all stress conditions were considered. To further validate the stability of the selected reference genes, the expression patterns of C. quitensis catalase gene (CqCAT) was analyzed. The reference genes validated in this study will be useful for improving the accuracy of qRT-PCR analysis for gene expression studies of the Antarctic ecotype of C. quitensis and could be extended to other ecotypes adapted to low temperatures.
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Silva LJ, Crevelin EJ, Souza DT, Lacerda-Júnior GV, de Oliveira VM, Ruiz ALTG, Rosa LH, Moraes LAB, Melo IS. Actinobacteria from Antarctica as a source for anticancer discovery. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13870. [PMID: 32807803 PMCID: PMC7431910 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69786-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Although many advances have been achieved to treat aggressive tumours, cancer remains a leading cause of death and a public health problem worldwide. Among the main approaches for the discovery of new bioactive agents, the prospect of microbial secondary metabolites represents an effective source for the development of drug leads. In this study, we investigated the actinobacterial diversity associated with an endemic Antarctic species, Deschampsia antarctica, by integrated culture-dependent and culture-independent methods and acknowledged this niche as a reservoir of bioactive strains for the production of antitumour compounds. The 16S rRNA-based analysis showed the predominance of the Actinomycetales order, a well-known group of bioactive metabolite producers belonging to the Actinobacteria phylum. Cultivation techniques were applied, and 72 psychrotolerant Actinobacteria strains belonging to the genera Actinoplanes, Arthrobacter, Kribbella, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Pilimelia, Pseudarthrobacter, Rhodococcus, Streptacidiphilus, Streptomyces and Tsukamurella were identified. The secondary metabolites were screened, and 17 isolates were identified as promising antitumour compound producers. However, the bio-guided assay showed a pronounced antiproliferative activity for the crude extracts of Streptomyces sp. CMAA 1527 and Streptomyces sp. CMAA 1653. The TGI and LC50 values revealed the potential of these natural products to control the proliferation of breast (MCF-7), glioblastoma (U251), lung/non-small (NCI-H460) and kidney (786-0) human cancer cell lines. Cinerubin B and actinomycin V were the predominant compounds identified in Streptomyces sp. CMAA 1527 and Streptomyces sp. CMAA 1653, respectively. Our results suggest that the rhizosphere of D. antarctica represents a prominent reservoir of bioactive actinobacteria strains and reveals it as an important environment for potential antitumour agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Jose Silva
- College of Agriculture "Luiz de Queiroz", University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo José Crevelin
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Applied To Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Danilo Tosta Souza
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Applied To Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Gileno Vieira Lacerda-Júnior
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA) - Embrapa Environment, Jaguariúna, SP, Brazil
| | - Valeria Maia de Oliveira
- Microbial Resourses Division, Research Center for Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture (CPQBA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Henrique Rosa
- Department of Microbiology, Biological Sciences Institute - Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz Alberto Beraldo Moraes
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Applied To Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Itamar Soares Melo
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA) - Embrapa Environment, Jaguariúna, SP, Brazil.
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Kumarathunge DP, Drake JE, Tjoelker MG, López R, Pfautsch S, Vårhammar A, Medlyn BE. The temperature optima for tree seedling photosynthesis and growth depend on water inputs. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:2544-2560. [PMID: 31883292 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how tree growth is affected by rising temperature is a key to predicting the fate of forests in future warmer climates. Increasing temperature has direct effects on plant physiology, but there are also indirect effects of increased water limitation because evaporative demand increases with temperature in many systems. In this study, we experimentally resolved the direct and indirect effects of temperature on the response of growth and photosynthesis of the widely distributed species Eucalyptus tereticornis. We grew E. tereticornis in an array of six growth temperatures from 18 to 35.5°C, spanning the climatic distribution of the species, with two watering treatments: (a) water inputs increasing with temperature to match plant demand at all temperatures (Wincr ), isolating the direct effect of temperature; and (b) water inputs constant for all temperatures, matching demand for coolest grown plants (Wconst ), such that water limitation increased with growth temperature. We found that constant water inputs resulted in a reduction of temperature optima for both photosynthesis and growth by ~3°C compared to increasing water inputs. Water limitation particularly reduced the total amount of leaf area displayed at Topt and intermediate growth temperatures. The reduction in photosynthesis could be attributed to lower leaf water potential and consequent stomatal closure. The reduction in growth was a result of decreased photosynthesis, reduced total leaf area display and a reduction in specific leaf area. Water availability had no effect on the response of stem and root respiration to warming, but we observed lower leaf respiration rates under constant water inputs compared to increasing water inputs at higher growth temperatures. Overall, this study demonstrates that the indirect effect of increasing water limitation strongly modifies the potential response of tree growth to rising global temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dushan P Kumarathunge
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Plant Physiology Division, Coconut Research Institute of Sri Lanka, Lunuwila, Sri Lanka
| | - John E Drake
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Forest and Natural Resources Management, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Mark G Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Rosana López
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sebastian Pfautsch
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Angelica Vårhammar
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Belinda E Medlyn
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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12
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Sanhueza C, Fuentes F, Cortés D, Bascunan-Godoy L, Sáez PL, Bravo LA, Cavieres LA. Contrasting thermal acclimation of leaf dark respiration and photosynthesis of Antarctic vascular plant species exposed to nocturnal warming. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 167:205-216. [PMID: 30467866 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Leaf respiration and photosynthesis will respond differently to an increase in temperature during night, which can be more relevant in sensitive ecosystems such as Antarctica. We postulate that the plant species able to colonize the Antarctic Peninsula - Colobanthus quitensis (Kunth) Bartl. and Deschampsia antarctica Desv. - are able to acclimate their foliar respiration and to maintain photosynthesis under nocturnal warming to sustain a positive foliar carbon balance. We conducted a laboratory experiment to evaluate the effect of time of day (day and night) and nocturnal warming on dark respiration. Short (E0 and Q10 ) and long-term acclimation of respiration, leaf carbohydrates, photosynthesis (Asat ) and foliar carbon balance (R/A) were evaluated. The results suggest that the two species have differential thermal acclimation respiration, where D. antarctica showed more thermosensitivity to short-term changes in temperature than C. quitensis. Experimental nocturnal warming affected respiration at daytime differentially between the two species, with a significant increase of R10 and Asat in D. antarctica, while no changes on respiration were observed in C. quitensis. Long thermal treatments of the plants indicated that nocturnal but not diurnal respiration could acclimate in both species, and to a greater extent in C. quitensis. Non-structural carbohydrates were related with respiration in C. quitensis but not in D. antarctica, suggesting that respiration in the former species is likely controlled by total soluble sugars and starch during day and night, respectively. Finally, foliar carbon balance was differentially improved under warming conditions in Antarctic plants by different mechanisms, with C. quitensis deploying respiratory acclimation, while D. antarctica increased its Asat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Sanhueza
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Francisca Fuentes
- Laboratorio Cultivo de Tejidos Vegetales, Centro de Biotecnología, Departamento de Silvicultura, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Daniela Cortés
- Laboratorio Cultivo de Tejidos Vegetales, Centro de Biotecnología, Departamento de Silvicultura, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Luisa Bascunan-Godoy
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Instituto de Investigación Multidisciplinar en Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de La Serena, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Patricia L Sáez
- Laboratorio Cultivo de Tejidos Vegetales, Centro de Biotecnología, Departamento de Silvicultura, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - León A Bravo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular Vegetal, Instituto de Agroindustria, Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales and Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Lohengrin A Cavieres
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad de Chile, Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad-IEB, Santiago, Chile
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13
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Wang D, Wang H, Wang P, Ling T, Tao W, Yang Z. Warming Treatment Methodology Affected the Response of Plant Ecophysiological Traits to Temperature Increases: A Quantitive Meta-Analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:957. [PMID: 31552059 PMCID: PMC6743343 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Global mean temperature is expected to significantly increase by the end of the twenty-first century and could have dramatic impacts on a plant's growth, physiology, and ecosystem processes. Temperature manipulative experiments have been conducted to understand the responsive pattern of plant ecophysiology to climate warming. However, it remains unknown how different methodology used in these experiments will affect plants ecophysiological responses to warming. We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of the warming manipulative studies to synthesize the ecophysiological traits responses to warming treatment of different intensities, durations, and conducted for different species and under different experimental settings. The results indicated that warming enhanced leaf dark respiration (Rd) and specific leaf area (SLA) but decreased net photosynthetic rate (Anet) and leaf nitrogen content (LN). The positive and negative effects of warming on Rd and Anet were greater for C4 species than C3 species, respectively. The negative effect of warming treatment on Anet and LN and the positive effect on Rd were more evident under >1 year warming treatment. Negative effects of warming were more evident for plants grown at <10 L pots when experiment duration was longer than 1 year. The magnitude of warming treatment had a significant impact on most of the parameters that were investigated in the study. Overall, the results showed that warming effects on plant ecophysiological traits varied among different response variables and PFTs and affected by the magnitude of temperature change and experimental methodology. The results highlight the need for cautiously selecting the values of plant ecophysiological parameters in forecasting ecosystem function changes in future climate regimes and designing controlled experiments to realistically reflecting ecosystems responses to future global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, International Center for Ecology, Meteorology and Environment, Institute of Ecology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, International Center for Ecology, Meteorology and Environment, Institute of Ecology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengpeng Wang
- Meteorological Bureau of Chengde City, Chengde, China
| | - Tianqi Ling
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, International Center for Ecology, Meteorology and Environment, Institute of Ecology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhui Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, International Center for Ecology, Meteorology and Environment, Institute of Ecology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Zaiqiang Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, International Center for Ecology, Meteorology and Environment, Institute of Ecology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
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14
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Sáez PL, Rivera BK, Ramírez CF, Vallejos V, Cavieres LA, Corcuera LJ, Bravo LA. Effects of temperature and water availability on light energy utilization in photosynthetic processes of Deschampsia antarctica. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 165:511-523. [PMID: 29602170 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Regional climate change in Antarctica would favor the carbon assimilation of Antarctic vascular plants, since rising temperatures are approaching their photosynthetic optimum (10-19°C). This could be detrimental for photoprotection mechanisms, mainly those associated with thermal dissipation, making plants more susceptible to eventual drought predicted by climate change models. With the purpose to study the effect of temperature and water availability on light energy utilization and putative adjustments in photoprotective mechanisms of Deschampsia antarctica Desv., plants were collected from two Antarctic provenances: King George Island and Lagotellerie Island. Plants were cultivated at 5, 10 and 16°C under well-watered (WW) and water-deficit (WD, at 35% of the field capacity) conditions. Chlorophyll fluorescence, pigment content and de-epoxidation state were evaluated. Regardless of provenances, D. antarctica showed similar morphological, biochemical and functional responses to growth temperature. Higher temperature triggered an increase in photochemical activity (i.e. electron transport rate and photochemical quenching), and a decrease in thermal dissipation capacity (i.e. lower xanthophyll pool, Chl a/b and β carotene/neoxanthin ratios). Leaf mass per unit area was reduced at higher temperature, and was only affected in plants exposed to WD at 16°C and exhibiting lower electron transport rate and amount of chlorophylls. D. antarctica is adapted to frequent freezing events, which may induce a form of physiological water stress. Photoprotective responses observed under WD contribute to maintain a stable photochemical activity. Thus, it is possible that short-term temperature increases could favor the photochemical activity of this species. However, long-term effects will depend on the magnitude of changes and the plant's ability to adjust to new growth temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia L Sáez
- Laboratorio Cultivo de Tejidos Vegetales, Centro de Biotecnología, Departamento de Silvicultura, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Betsy K Rivera
- Laboratorio Cultivo de Tejidos Vegetales, Centro de Biotecnología, Departamento de Silvicultura, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Constanza F Ramírez
- Laboratorio Cultivo de Tejidos Vegetales, Centro de Biotecnología, Departamento de Silvicultura, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Valentina Vallejos
- Laboratorio Cultivo de Tejidos Vegetales, Centro de Biotecnología, Departamento de Silvicultura, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Lohengrin A Cavieres
- Laboratorio ECOBIOSIS, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Luis J Corcuera
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción. Barrio Universitario s/n, Concepción, Chile
| | - León A Bravo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular Vegetal, Instituto de Agroindustria, Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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15
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Kerbler SM, Taylor NL, Millar AH. Cold sensitivity of mitochondrial ATP synthase restricts oxidative phosphorylation in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 221:1776-1788. [PMID: 30281799 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The combined action of the electron transport chain (ETC) and ATP synthase is essential in determining energy efficiency in plants, and so is important for cellular biosynthesis, growth and development. Owing to the sessile nature of plants, mitochondria must operate over a wide temperature range in the environment, necessitating a broad temperature tolerance of their biochemical reactions. We investigated the temperature response of mitochondrial respiratory processes in isolated mitochondria and intact plants of Arabidopsis thaliana and considered the effect of instantaneous responses to temperature and acclimation responses to low temperatures. We show that at 4°C the plant mitochondrial ATP synthase is differentially inhibited compared with other elements of the respiratory pathway, leading to decreased ADP : oxygen ratios and a limitation to the rate of ATP synthesis. This effect persists in vivo and cannot be overcome by cold-temperature acclimation of plants. This mechanism adds a new element to the respiratory acclimation model and provides a direct means of temperature perception by plant mitochondria. This also provides an alternative explanation for non-phosphorylating ETC bypass mechanisms, like the alternative oxidase to maintain respiratory rates, albeit at lower ATP synthesis efficiency, in response to the sensitivity of ATP synthase to the prevailing temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Kerbler
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Nicolas L Taylor
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
- The Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - A Harvey Millar
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
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16
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Lai L, Chen L, Zheng M, Jiang L, Zhou J, Zheng Y, Shimizu H. Seed germination and seedling growth of five desert plants and their relevance to vegetation restoration. Ecol Evol 2019. [PMID: 30847101 DOI: 10.1002/ece34910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to significant decreases in precipitation in northern China, knowledge of the response of seed germination and plant growth characteristics to key limiting factors is essential for vegetation restoration. We examined seed germination under different temperatures and water potentials, and we examined seedling growth under different amounts of water supply. Experiments were carried out in automatic temperature-, humidity-, and light-controlled growth chambers. Under low water potentials, the final germination percentages of four herbaceous species were high, while seed germination of the shrub species Caragana microphylla was significantly inhibited. Under the different water supply amounts, seedlings of Agropyron cristatum allocated more biomass to the root and had a higher growth rate than those of Elymus dahuricus and C. microphylla. In light of these results and drier environmental conditions (annual mean precipitation is 366 mm, which falling mainly between June and August), potential selections for revegetation of different landscapes include the following: A. cristatum for shifting sand dunes, the establishment of the pioneer species Agriophyllum squarrosum, C. microphylla for semifixed sand dunes, E. dahuricus for fixed sand dunes, and Melilotus suaveolens and Medicago sativa for cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Lai
- Key Laboratory of Resource Plants, West China Subalpine Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Lijun Chen
- Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang China
| | - Mingqing Zheng
- Information Center Ministry of Environmental Protection Beijing China
| | - Lianhe Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Plants, West China Subalpine Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Jihua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Resource Plants, West China Subalpine Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yuanrun Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Plants, West China Subalpine Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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17
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Lai L, Chen L, Zheng M, Jiang L, Zhou J, Zheng Y, Shimizu H. Seed germination and seedling growth of five desert plants and their relevance to vegetation restoration. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:2160-2170. [PMID: 30847101 PMCID: PMC6392388 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to significant decreases in precipitation in northern China, knowledge of the response of seed germination and plant growth characteristics to key limiting factors is essential for vegetation restoration. We examined seed germination under different temperatures and water potentials, and we examined seedling growth under different amounts of water supply. Experiments were carried out in automatic temperature-, humidity-, and light-controlled growth chambers. Under low water potentials, the final germination percentages of four herbaceous species were high, while seed germination of the shrub species Caragana microphylla was significantly inhibited. Under the different water supply amounts, seedlings of Agropyron cristatum allocated more biomass to the root and had a higher growth rate than those of Elymus dahuricus and C. microphylla. In light of these results and drier environmental conditions (annual mean precipitation is 366 mm, which falling mainly between June and August), potential selections for revegetation of different landscapes include the following: A. cristatum for shifting sand dunes, the establishment of the pioneer species Agriophyllum squarrosum, C. microphylla for semifixed sand dunes, E. dahuricus for fixed sand dunes, and Melilotus suaveolens and Medicago sativa for cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Lai
- Key Laboratory of Resource Plants, West China Subalpine Botanical Garden, Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Lijun Chen
- Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyangChina
| | - Mingqing Zheng
- Information CenterMinistry of Environmental ProtectionBeijingChina
| | - Lianhe Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Plants, West China Subalpine Botanical Garden, Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jihua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Resource Plants, West China Subalpine Botanical Garden, Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yuanrun Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Plants, West China Subalpine Botanical Garden, Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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18
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Dusenge ME, Duarte AG, Way DA. Plant carbon metabolism and climate change: elevated CO 2 and temperature impacts on photosynthesis, photorespiration and respiration. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 221:32-49. [PMID: 29983005 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 32 I. The importance of plant carbon metabolism for climate change 32 II. Rising atmospheric CO2 and carbon metabolism 33 III. Rising temperatures and carbon metabolism 37 IV. Thermal acclimation responses of carbon metabolic processes can be best understood when studied together 38 V. Will elevated CO2 offset warming-induced changes in carbon metabolism? 40 VI. No plant is an island: water and nutrient limitations define plant responses to climate drivers 41 VII. Conclusions 42 Acknowledgements 42 References 42 Appendix A1 48 SUMMARY: Plant carbon metabolism is impacted by rising CO2 concentrations and temperatures, but also feeds back onto the climate system to help determine the trajectory of future climate change. Here we review how photosynthesis, photorespiration and respiration are affected by increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations and climate warming, both separately and in combination. We also compile data from the literature on plants grown at multiple temperatures, focusing on net CO2 assimilation rates and leaf dark respiration rates measured at the growth temperature (Agrowth and Rgrowth , respectively). Our analyses show that the ratio of Agrowth to Rgrowth is generally homeostatic across a wide range of species and growth temperatures, and that species that have reduced Agrowth at higher growth temperatures also tend to have reduced Rgrowth , while species that show stimulations in Agrowth under warming tend to have higher Rgrowth in the hotter environment. These results highlight the need to study these physiological processes together to better predict how vegetation carbon metabolism will respond to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirindi Eric Dusenge
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - André Galvao Duarte
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Danielle A Way
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
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19
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Sierra-Almeida A, Cavieres LA, Bravo LA. Warmer Temperatures Affect the in situ Freezing Resistance of the Antarctic Vascular Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1456. [PMID: 30349551 PMCID: PMC6187968 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Although positive effects on growth and reproduction of Antarctic vascular plants have been reported under warmer temperatures, it could also increase the vulnerability of these plants to freezing. Thus, we assessed in situ whether warming decreases the freezing resistance of Colobanthus quitensis and Deschampsia antarctica, and we compared the level and mechanism of freezing resistance of these species in the field with previous reports conducted in lab conditions. We assessed the freezing resistance of C. quitensis and D. antarctica by determining their low temperature damage (LT50), ice nucleation temperature (NT) and freezing point (FP) in three sites of the King George Island. Plants were exposed during two growing seasons to a passive increase in the air temperature (+W). +W increased by 1K the mean air temperatures, but had smaller effects on freezing temperatures. Leaf temperature of both species was on average 1.7K warmer inside +W. Overall, warming decreased the freezing resistance of Antarctic species. The LT50 increased on average 2K for C. quitensis and 2.8K for D. antarctica. In contrast, NT and FP decreased on average c. 1K in leaves of warmed plants of both species. Our results showed an averaged LT50 of -15.3°C for C. quitensis, and of -22.8°C for D. antarctica, with freezing tolerance being the freezing resistance mechanism for both species. These results were partially consistent with previous reports, and likely explanations for such discrepancies were related with methodological differences among studies. Our work is the first study reporting the level and mechanisms of freezing resistance of Antarctic vascular plants measured in situ, and we demonstrated that although both plant species exhibited a great ability to cope with freezing temperatures during the growing season, their vulnerability to suffer freezing damage under a warming scenario increase although the magnitude of this response varied across sites and species. Hence, freezing damage should be considered when predicting changes in plant responses of C. quitensis and D. antarctica under future climate conditions of the Antarctic Peninsula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Sierra-Almeida
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lohengrin A. Cavieres
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Santiago, Chile
| | - León A. Bravo
- Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales and Center of Plant, Soil Interactions and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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20
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Cho SM, Lee H, Jo H, Lee H, Kang Y, Park H, Lee J. Comparative transcriptome analysis of field- and chamber-grown samples of Colobanthus quitensis (Kunth) Bartl, an Antarctic flowering plant. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11049. [PMID: 30038328 PMCID: PMC6056519 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29335-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Colobanthus quitensis is one of the two vascular plants inhabiting the Antarctic. In natural habitats, it grows in the form of a cushion or mats, commonly observed in high latitudes or alpine vegetation. Although this species has been investigated over many years to study its geographical distribution and physiological adaptations to climate change, very limited genetic information is available. The high-throughput sequencing with a de novo assembly analysis yielded 47,070 contigs with blast-hits. Through the functional classification and enrichment analysis, we identified that photosynthesis and phenylpropanoid pathway genes show differential expression depending on the habitat environment. We found that the known 'plant core environmental stress response (PCESR)' genes were abundantly expressed in Antarctic samples, and confirmed that their expression is mainly induced by low-temperature. In addition, we suggest that differential expression of thermomorphogenesis-related genes may contribute to phenotypic plasticity of the plant, for instance, displaying a cushion-like phenotype to adapt to harsh environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Mi Cho
- Unit of Polar Genomics, Korea Polar Research Institute, KIOST, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoungseok Lee
- Unit of Polar Genomics, Korea Polar Research Institute, KIOST, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea.,Polar Science, University of Science and Technology, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojin Jo
- Unit of Polar Genomics, Korea Polar Research Institute, KIOST, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea.,Polar Science, University of Science and Technology, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Horim Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, 01369, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjee Kang
- Unit of Polar Genomics, Korea Polar Research Institute, KIOST, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Park
- Unit of Polar Genomics, Korea Polar Research Institute, KIOST, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea.,Polar Science, University of Science and Technology, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungeun Lee
- Unit of Polar Genomics, Korea Polar Research Institute, KIOST, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea. .,Polar Science, University of Science and Technology, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Sáez PL, Cavieres LA, Galmés J, Gil-Pelegrín E, Peguero-Pina JJ, Sancho-Knapik D, Vivas M, Sanhueza C, Ramírez CF, Rivera BK, Corcuera LJ, Bravo LA. In situ warming in the Antarctic: effects on growth and photosynthesis in Antarctic vascular plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 218:1406-1418. [PMID: 29682746 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The Antarctic Peninsula has experienced a rapid warming in the last decades. Although recent climatic evidence supports a new tendency towards stabilization of temperatures, the impacts on the biosphere, and specifically on Antarctic plant species, remain unclear. We evaluated the in situ warming effects on photosynthesis, including the underlying diffusive, biochemical and anatomical determinants, and the relative growth of two Antarctic vascular species, Colobanthus quitensis and Deschampsia antarctica, using open top chambers (OTCs) and gas exchange measurements in the field. In C. quitensis, the photosynthetic response to warming relied on specific adjustments in the anatomical determinants of the leaf CO2 transfer, which enhanced mesophyll conductance and photosynthetic assimilation, thereby promoting higher leaf carbon gain and plant growth. These changes were accompanied by alterations in the leaf chemical composition. By contrast, D. antarctica showed no response to warming, with a lack of significant differences between plants grown inside OTCs and plants grown in the open field. Overall, the present results are the first reporting a contrasting effect of in situ warming on photosynthesis and its underlying determinants, of the two unique Antarctic vascular plant species, which could have direct consequences on their ecological success under future climate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia L Sáez
- Laboratorio Cultivo de Tejidos Vegetales, Centro de Biotecnología, Departamento de Silvicultura, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, 4030000, Chile
| | - Lohengrin A Cavieres
- ECOBIOSIS, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Barrio Universitario s/n, Concepción, 4030000, Chile
| | - Jeroni Galmés
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, INAGEA-Universitat de les Illes Balears, Balearic Islands, 07122, Spain
| | - Eustaquio Gil-Pelegrín
- Unidad de Recursos Forestales, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón, Zaragoza, 50059, Spain
| | - José Javier Peguero-Pina
- Unidad de Recursos Forestales, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón, Zaragoza, 50059, Spain
| | - Domingo Sancho-Knapik
- Unidad de Recursos Forestales, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón, Zaragoza, 50059, Spain
| | - Mercedes Vivas
- ECOBIOSIS, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Barrio Universitario s/n, Concepción, 4030000, Chile
| | - Carolina Sanhueza
- ECOBIOSIS, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Barrio Universitario s/n, Concepción, 4030000, Chile
| | - Constanza F Ramírez
- Laboratorio Cultivo de Tejidos Vegetales, Centro de Biotecnología, Departamento de Silvicultura, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, 4030000, Chile
| | - Betsy K Rivera
- Laboratorio Cultivo de Tejidos Vegetales, Centro de Biotecnología, Departamento de Silvicultura, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, 4030000, Chile
| | - Luis J Corcuera
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Barrio Universitario s/n, Concepción, 4030000, Chile
| | - León A Bravo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular Vegetal, Instituto de Agroindustria, Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 4811230, Chile
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22
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Gallardo-Cerda J, Levihuan J, Lavín P, Oses R, Atala C, Torres-Díaz C, Cuba-Díaz M, Barrera A, Molina-Montenegro MA. Antarctic rhizobacteria improve salt tolerance and physiological performance of the Antarctic vascular plants. Polar Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-018-2336-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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23
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Niu Y, Xiang Y. An Overview of Biomembrane Functions in Plant Responses to High-Temperature Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:915. [PMID: 30018629 PMCID: PMC6037897 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Biological membranes are highly ordered structures consisting of mosaics of lipids and proteins. Elevated temperatures can directly and effectively change the properties of these membranes, including their fluidity and permeability, through a holistic effect that involves changes in the lipid composition and/or interactions between lipids and specific membrane proteins. Ultimately, high temperatures can alter microdomain remodeling and instantaneously relay ambient cues to downstream signaling pathways. Thus, dynamic membrane regulation not only helps cells perceive temperature changes but also participates in intracellular responses and determines a cell's fate. Moreover, due to the specific distribution of extra- and endomembrane elements, the plasma membrane (PM) and membranous organelles are individually responsible for distinct developmental events during plant adaptation to heat stress. This review describes recent studies that focused on the roles of various components that can alter the physical state of the plasma and thylakoid membranes as well as the crucial signaling pathways initiated through the membrane system, encompassing both endomembranes and membranous organelles in the context of heat stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Niu
- *Correspondence: Yue Niu, Yun Xiang,
| | - Yun Xiang
- *Correspondence: Yue Niu, Yun Xiang,
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24
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Warming puts the squeeze on photosynthesis – lessons from tropical trees. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:2073-2077. [PMCID: PMC5447882 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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25
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Torres-Díaz C, Gallardo-Cerda J, Lavin P, Oses R, Carrasco-Urra F, Atala C, Acuña-Rodríguez IS, Convey P, Molina-Montenegro MA. Biological Interactions and Simulated Climate Change Modulates the Ecophysiological Performance of Colobanthus quitensis in the Antarctic Ecosystem. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164844. [PMID: 27776181 PMCID: PMC5077106 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most climate and environmental change models predict significant increases in temperature and precipitation by the end of the 21st Century, for which the current functional output of certain symbioses may also be altered. In this context we address the following questions: 1) How the expected changes in abiotic factors (temperature, and water) differentially affect the ecophysiological performance of the plant Colobanthus quitensis? and 2) Will this environmental change indirectly affect C. quitensis photochemical performance and biomass accumulation by modifying its association with fungal endophytes? Plants of C. quitensis from King George Island in the South Shetland archipelago (62°09' S), and Lagotellerie Island in the Antarctic Peninsula (65°53' S) were put under simulated abiotic conditions in growth chambers following predictive models of global climate change (GCC). The indirect effect of GCC on the interaction between C. quitensis and fungal endophytes was assessed in a field experiment carried out in the Antarctica, in which we eliminated endophytes under contemporary conditions and applied experimental watering to simulate increased precipitation input. We measured four proxies of plant performance. First, we found that warming (+W) significantly increased plant performance, however its effect tended to be less than watering (+W) and combined warming and watering (+T°+W). Second, the presence of fungal endophytes improved plant performance, and its effect was significantly decreased under experimental watering. Our results indicate that both biotic and abiotic factors affect ecophysiological performance, and the directions of these influences will change with climate change. Our findings provide valuable information that will help to predict future population spread and evolution through using ecological niche models under different climatic scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Torres-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Genómica y Biodiversidad (LGB), Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - Jorge Gallardo-Cerda
- Laboratorio de Genómica y Biodiversidad (LGB), Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - Paris Lavin
- Laboratorio de Complejidad Microbiana y Ecología Funcional, Instituto Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Rómulo Oses
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Fernando Carrasco-Urra
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales & Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Cristian Atala
- Laboratorio de Anatomía y Ecología Funcional de Plantas (AEF), Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Ian S. Acuña-Rodríguez
- Centro de Ecología Molecular y Aplicaciones Evolutivas en Agroecosistemas (CEM), Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Peter Convey
- British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marco A. Molina-Montenegro
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
- Centro de Ecología Molecular y Aplicaciones Evolutivas en Agroecosistemas (CEM), Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- Research Program "Adaptation of Agriculture to Climate Change" PIEI A2C2, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
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26
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Jaikumar NS, Snapp SS, Sharkey TD. Older Thinopyrum intermedium (Poaceae) plants exhibit superior photosynthetic tolerance to cold stress and greater increases in two photosynthetic enzymes under freezing stress compared with young plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:4743-53. [PMID: 27401911 PMCID: PMC4973744 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Effects of plant age on resource acquisition and stress tolerance processes is a largely unstudied subject in herbaceous perennials. In a field experiment, we compared rates of photosynthesis (A), ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylation capacity (V Cmax), maximum electron transport rate (J max), and triose phosphate utilization (TPU), as well as concentrations of Rubisco and sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS) in 5-year-old and 2-year-old intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium) under both optimal growing conditions and cold stress in early spring and autumn. This species is a relative of wheat undergoing domestication. An additional experiment compared photosynthetic rates in different cohorts at mid-season and under colder conditions. We hypothesized that photosynthetic capacity in older plants would be lower under favorable conditions but higher under cold stress. Our hypothesis was generally supported. Under cold stress, 5-year-old plants exhibited higher A, TPU, and temperature-adjusted V Cmax than younger plants, as well as 50% more SPS and 37% more Rubisco. In contrast, at mid-season, photosynthetic capacities in older plants were lower than in younger plants in one experiment, and similar in the other, independent of differences in water status. Both cohorts increased A, temperature-adjusted TPU and J max, [Rubisco], and [SPS] under cold stress, but changes were greater in older plants. Photosynthetic differences were largest at 1.2 ºC in very early spring, where older plants had 200% higher A and maintained up to 17% of their peak photosynthetic capacity. We find evidence of increased cold tolerance in older cohorts of wheatgrass, consistent with a growing body of research in woody perennials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil S Jaikumar
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61821, USA
| | - Sieglinde S Snapp
- Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Science, Michigan State University, 1066 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Thomas D Sharkey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, 603 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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27
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Kang Y, Lee H, Kim MK, Shin SC, Park H, Lee J. The complete chloroplast genome of Antarctic pearlwort, Colobanthus quitensis (Kunth) Bartl. (Caryophyllaceae). Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2015; 27:4677-4678. [PMID: 26607817 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2015.1106498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We determined the complete chloroplast DNA sequence of an extremophile plant, Colobanthus quitensis (Antarctic pearlwort), by de novo assembly based on the sequencing results from Illumina MiSeq platform (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA). The chloroplast genome of C. quitensis (NCBI accession no. KT737383) is a sequence of 151 276 bp long with a typical quadripartite structure composed of a large single copy region, a small single copy region and a pair of inverted repeats. The overall GC content of C. quitensis genome is 36.7% and it has 66 simple sequence repeats. It contains a total 112 genes including 78 protein coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and four rRNA genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonjee Kang
- a Division of Life Sciences , Korea Polar Research Institute , Incheon , South Korea and
| | - Hyoungseok Lee
- a Division of Life Sciences , Korea Polar Research Institute , Incheon , South Korea and
| | - Mi-Kyeong Kim
- a Division of Life Sciences , Korea Polar Research Institute , Incheon , South Korea and
| | - Seung Chul Shin
- a Division of Life Sciences , Korea Polar Research Institute , Incheon , South Korea and
| | - Hyun Park
- a Division of Life Sciences , Korea Polar Research Institute , Incheon , South Korea and.,b Department of Polar Sciences , University of Science and Technology , Incheon , South Korea
| | - Jungeun Lee
- a Division of Life Sciences , Korea Polar Research Institute , Incheon , South Korea and
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28
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Byun MY, Lee J, Cui LH, Kang Y, Oh TK, Park H, Lee H, Kim WT. Constitutive expression of DaCBF7, an Antarctic vascular plant Deschampsia antarctica CBF homolog, resulted in improved cold tolerance in transgenic rice plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 236:61-74. [PMID: 26025521 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Deschampsia antarctica is an Antarctic hairgrass that grows on the west coast of the Antarctic peninsula. In this report, we have identified and characterized a transcription factor, D. antarctica C-repeat binding factor 7 (DaCBF7), that is a member of the monocot group V CBF homologs. The protein contains a single AP2 domain, a putative nuclear localization signal, and the typical CBF signature. DaCBF7, like other monocot group V homologs, contains a distinct polypeptide stretch composed of 43 amino acids in front of the AP2 motif. DaCBF7 was predominantly localized to nuclei and interacted with the C-repeat/dehydration responsive element (CRT/DRE) core sequence (ACCGAC) in vitro. DaCBF7 was induced by abiotic stresses, including drought, cold, and salinity. To investigate its possible cellular role in cold tolerance, a transgenic rice system was employed. DaCBF7-overexpressing transgenic rice plants (Ubi:DaCBF7) exhibited markedly increased tolerance to cold stress compared to wild-type plants without growth defects; however, overexpression of DaCBF7 exerted little effect on tolerance to drought or salt stress. Transcriptome analysis of a Ubi:DaCBF7 transgenic line revealed 13 genes that were up-regulated in DaCBF7-overexpressing plants compared to wild-type plants in the absence of cold stress and in short- or long-term cold stress. Five of these genes, dehydrin, remorin, Os03g63870, Os11g34790, and Os10g22630, contained putative CRT/DRE or low-temperature responsive elements in their promoter regions. These results suggest that overexpression of DaCBF7 directly and indirectly induces diverse genes in transgenic rice plants and confers enhanced tolerance to cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Young Byun
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungeun Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Li Hua Cui
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjee Kang
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kyung Oh
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Park
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoungseok Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woo Taek Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea.
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Schortemeyer M, Evans JR, Bruhn D, Bergstrom DM, Ball MC. Temperature responses of photosynthesis and respiration in a sub-Antarctic megaherb from Heard Island. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2015; 42:552-564. [PMID: 32480700 DOI: 10.1071/fp14134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the response of sub-Antarctic plants to a warming climate requires an understanding of the relationship of carbon gain and loss to temperature. In a field study on Heard Island, we investigated the responses of photosynthesis and respiration of the sub-Antarctic megaherb Pringlea antiscorbutica R. Br. to temperature. This was done by instantaneously manipulating leaf temperature in a gas exchange cuvette on plants adapted to natural temperature variation along an altitudinal gradient. There was little altitudinal variation in the temperature response of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis was much less responsive to temperature than electron transport, suggesting that Rubisco activity was generally the rate-limiting process. The temperature response of leaf respiration rates was greater in cold-grown (high altitude) plants compared with warm-grown (low altitude) plants. This thermal acclimation would enable plants to maintain a positive carbon budget over a greater temperature range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Schortemeyer
- Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - John R Evans
- Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Dan Bruhn
- Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Dana M Bergstrom
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of the Environment, 203 Channel Highway, Kingston, Tas. 7050, Australia
| | - Marilyn C Ball
- Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
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30
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Zhang XW, Wang JR, Ji MF, Milne RI, Wang MH, Liu JQ, Shi S, Yang SL, Zhao CM. Higher thermal acclimation potential of respiration but not photosynthesis in two alpine Picea taxa in contrast to two lowland congeners. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123248. [PMID: 25874631 PMCID: PMC4395334 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The members of the genus Picea form a dominant component in many alpine and boreal forests which are the major sink for atmospheric CO2. However, little is known about the growth response and acclimation of CO2 exchange characteristics to high temperature stress in Picea taxa from different altitudes. Gas exchange parameters and growth characteristics were recorded from four year old seedlings of two alpine (Picea likiangensis vars. rubescens and linzhiensis) and two lowland (P. koraiensis and P. meyeri) taxa. Seedlings were grown at moderate (25°C/15°C) and high (35°C/25°C) day/night temperatures, for four months. The approximated biomass increment (ΔD2H) for all taxa decreased under high temperature stress, associated with decreased photosynthesis and increased respiration. However, the two alpine taxa exhibited lower photosynthetic acclimation and higher respiratory acclimation than either lowland taxon. Moreover, higher leaf dry mass per unit area (LMA) and leaf nitrogen content per unit area (Narea), and a smaller change in the nitrogen use efficiency of photosynthesis (PNUE) for lowland taxa indicated that these maintained higher homeostasis of photosynthesis than alpine taxa. The higher respiration rates produced more energy for repair and maintenance biomass, especially for higher photosynthetic activity for lowland taxa, which causes lower respiratory acclimation. Thus, the changes of ΔD2H for alpine spruces were larger than that for lowland spruces. These results indicate that long term heat stress negatively impact on the growth of Picea seedlings, and alpine taxa are more affected than low altitude ones by high temperature stress. Hence the altitude ranges of Picea taxa should be taken into account when predicting changes to carbon fluxes in warmer conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jing Ru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ming Fei Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Richard Ian Milne
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Daniel Rutherford Building, King’s Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh, EH93JH, United Kingdom
| | - Ming Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jian-Quan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Sheng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shu-Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Chang-Ming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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31
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General patterns of acclimation of leaf respiration to elevated temperatures across biomes and plant types. Oecologia 2014; 177:885-900. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-014-3159-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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32
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Lee J, Kang Y, Shin SC, Park H, Lee H. Combined analysis of the chloroplast genome and transcriptome of the Antarctic vascular plant Deschampsia antarctica Desv. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92501. [PMID: 24647560 PMCID: PMC3960257 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antarctic hairgrass (Deschampsia antarctica Desv.) is the only natural grass species in the maritime Antarctic. It has been researched as an important ecological marker and as an extremophile plant for studies on stress tolerance. Despite its importance, little genomic information is available for D. antarctica. Here, we report the complete chloroplast genome, transcriptome profiles of the coding/noncoding genes, and the posttranscriptional processing by RNA editing in the chloroplast system. RESULTS The complete chloroplast genome of D. antarctica is 135,362 bp in length with a typical quadripartite structure, including the large (LSC: 79,881 bp) and small (SSC: 12,519 bp) single-copy regions, separated by a pair of identical inverted repeats (IR: 21,481 bp). It contains 114 unique genes, including 81 unique protein-coding genes, 29 tRNA genes, and 4 rRNA genes. Sequence divergence analysis with other plastomes from the BEP clade of the grass family suggests a sister relationship between D. antarctica, Festuca arundinacea and Lolium perenne of the Poeae tribe, based on the whole plastome. In addition, we conducted high-resolution mapping of the chloroplast-derived transcripts. Thus, we created an expression profile for 81 protein-coding genes and identified ndhC, psbJ, rps19, psaJ, and psbA as the most highly expressed chloroplast genes. Small RNA-seq analysis identified 27 small noncoding RNAs of chloroplast origin that were preferentially located near the 5'- or 3'-ends of genes. We also found >30 RNA-editing sites in the D. antarctica chloroplast genome, with a dominance of C-to-U conversions. CONCLUSIONS We assembled and characterized the complete chloroplast genome sequence of D. antarctica and investigated the features of the plastid transcriptome. These data may contribute to a better understanding of the evolution of D. antarctica within the Poaceae family for use in molecular phylogenetic studies and may also help researchers understand the characteristics of the chloroplast transcriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungeun Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Yoonjee Kang
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Seung Chul Shin
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hyun Park
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hyoungseok Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea
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Way DA, Yamori W. Thermal acclimation of photosynthesis: on the importance of adjusting our definitions and accounting for thermal acclimation of respiration. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2014; 119:89-100. [PMID: 23812760 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-013-9873-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
While interest in photosynthetic thermal acclimation has been stimulated by climate warming, comparing results across studies requires consistent terminology. We identify five types of photosynthetic adjustments in warming experiments: photosynthesis as measured at the high growth temperature, the growth temperature, and the thermal optimum; the photosynthetic thermal optimum; and leaf-level photosynthetic capacity. Adjustments of any one of these variables need not mean a concurrent adjustment in others, which may resolve apparently contradictory results in papers using different indicators of photosynthetic acclimation. We argue that photosynthetic thermal acclimation (i.e., that benefits a plant in its new growth environment) should include adjustments of both the photosynthetic thermal optimum (T opt) and photosynthetic rates at the growth temperature (A growth), a combination termed constructive adjustment. However, many species show reduced photosynthesis when grown at elevated temperatures, despite adjustment of some photosynthetic variables, a phenomenon we term detractive adjustment. An analysis of 70 studies on 103 species shows that adjustment of T opt and A growth are more common than adjustment of other photosynthetic variables, but only half of the data demonstrate constructive adjustment. No systematic differences in these patterns were found between different plant functional groups. We also discuss the importance of thermal acclimation of respiration for net photosynthesis measurements, as respiratory temperature acclimation can generate apparent acclimation of photosynthetic processes, even if photosynthesis is unaltered. We show that while dark respiration is often used to estimate light respiration, the ratio of light to dark respiration shifts in a non-predictable manner with a change in leaf temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A Way
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada,
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Lee J, Noh EK, Choi HS, Shin SC, Park H, Lee H. Transcriptome sequencing of the Antarctic vascular plant Deschampsia antarctica Desv. under abiotic stress. PLANTA 2013; 237:823-36. [PMID: 23135329 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-012-1797-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Antarctic hairgrass (Deschampsia antarctica Desv.) is the only natural grass species in the maritime Antarctic. It has been studied as an extremophile that has successfully adapted to marginal land with the harshest environment for terrestrial plants. However, limited genetic research has focused on this species due to the lack of genomic resources. Here, we present the first de novo assembly of its transcriptome by massive parallel sequencing and its expression profile using D. antarctica grown under various stress conditions. Total sequence reads generated by pyrosequencing were assembled into 60,765 unigenes (28,177 contigs and 32,588 singletons). A total of 29,173 unique protein-coding genes were identified based on sequence similarities to known proteins. The combined results from all three stress conditions indicated differential expression of 3,110 genes. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction showed that several well-known stress-responsive genes encoding late embryogenesis abundant protein, dehydrin 1, and ice recrystallization inhibition protein were induced dramatically and that genes encoding U-box-domain-containing protein, electron transfer flavoprotein-ubiquinone, and F-box-containing protein were induced by abiotic stressors in a manner conserved with other plant species. We identified more than 2,000 simple sequence repeats that can be developed as functional molecular markers. This dataset is the most comprehensive transcriptome resource currently available for D. antarctica and is therefore expected to be an important foundation for future genetic studies of grasses and extremophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungeun Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, 12 Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 406-840, Korea
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Schlensog M, Green TGA, Schroeter B. Life form and water source interact to determine active time and environment in cryptogams: an example from the maritime Antarctic. Oecologia 2013; 173:59-72. [PMID: 23440504 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-013-2608-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Antarctica, with its almost pristine conditions and relatively simple vegetation, offers excellent opportunities to investigate the influence of environmental factors on species performance, such information being crucial if the effects of possible climate change are to be understood. Antarctic vegetation is mainly cryptogamic. Cryptogams are poikilohydric and are only metabolically and photosynthetically active when hydrated. Activity patterns of the main life forms present, bryophytes (10 species, ecto- and endohydric), lichens (5 species) and phanerogams (2 species), were monitored for 21 days using chlorophyll a fluorescence as an indicator of metabolic activity and, therefore, of water regime at a mesic (hydration by meltwater) and a xeric (hydration by precipitation) site on Léonie Island/West Antarctic Peninsula (67°36'S). Length of activity depended mainly on site and form of hydration. Plants at the mesic site that were hydrated by meltwater were active for long periods, up to 100 % of the measurement period, whilst activity was much shorter at the xeric site where hydration was entirely by precipitation. There were also differences due to life form, with phanerogams and mesic bryophytes being most active and lichens generally much less so. The length of the active period for lichens was longer than in continental Antarctica but shorter than in the more northern Antarctic Peninsula. Light intensity when hydrated was positively related to the length of the active period. High activity species were strongly coupled to the incident light whilst low activity species were active under lower light levels and essentially uncoupled from incident light. Temperatures were little different between sites and also almost identical to temperatures, when active, for lichens in continental and peninsular Antarctica. Gradients in vegetation cover and growth rates across Antarctica are, therefore, not likely to be due to differences in temperature but more likely to the length of the hydrated (active) period. The strong effect on activity of the mode of hydration and the life form, plus the uncoupling from incident light for less active species, all make modelling of vegetation change with climate a more difficult exercise.
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Smith NG, Dukes JS. Plant respiration and photosynthesis in global-scale models: incorporating acclimation to temperature and CO2. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2013; 19:45-63. [PMID: 23504720 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02797.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
To realistically simulate climate feedbacks from the land surface to the atmosphere, models must replicate the responses of plants to environmental changes. Several processes, operating at various scales, cause the responses of photosynthesis and plant respiration to temperature and CO2 to change over time of exposure to new or changing environmental conditions. Here, we review the latest empirical evidence that short-term responses of plant carbon exchange rates to temperature and CO2 are modified by plant photosynthetic and respiratory acclimation as well as biogeochemical feedbacks. We assess the frequency with which these responses have been incorporated into vegetation models, and highlight recently designed algorithms that can facilitate their incorporation. Few models currently include representations of the long-term plant responses that have been recorded by empirical studies, likely because these responses are still poorly understood at scales relevant for models. Studies show that, at a regional scale, simulated carbon flux between the atmosphere and vegetation can dramatically differ between versions of models that do and do not include acclimation. However, the realism of these results is difficult to evaluate, as algorithm development is still in an early stage, and a limited number of data are available. We provide a series of recommendations that suggest how a combination of empirical and modeling studies can produce mechanistic algorithms that will realistically simulate longer term responses within global-scale models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, 915 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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Warming leads to divergent responses but similarly improved performance of two invasive thistles. POPUL ECOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10144-012-0327-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Dillaway DN, Kruger EL. Leaf respiratory acclimation to climate: comparisons among boreal and temperate tree species along a latitudinal transect. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 31:1114-27. [PMID: 21990024 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpr097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In common gardens along an ∼900 km latitudinal transect through Wisconsin and Illinois, U.S.A., tree species typical of boreal and temperate forests were compared with respect to the nature and magnitude of leaf respiratory acclimation to contrasting climates. The boreal representatives were trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) and paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.), while the temperate species were eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartr ex. Marsh var. deltoides) and sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.). Assessments were conducted on seedlings grown from seed sources collected near southern and northern range boundaries, respectively. Nighttime rates of leaf dark respiration (R(d)) at common temperatures, as well as R(d)'s short-term temperature sensitivity (energy of activation, E(o)), were assessed for all species and gardens twice during a growing season. Little evidence of R(d) thermal acclimation was observed, despite a 12 °C range in average air temperature across gardens. Instead, R(d) variation at warm temperatures was linked most closely with prior leaf photosynthetic performance, while R(d) variation at cooler temperatures was most strongly related to leaf nitrogen concentration. Moreover, E(o) differences across species and gardens appeared to stem from the somewhat independent limitations on warm versus cool R(d). Based on this construct, an empirical model relying on R(d) estimates from leaf photosynthesis and nitrogen concentration explained 55% of the observed E(o) variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan N Dillaway
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1630 Linden Dr., 120 Russell Labs, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Wan S, Xia J, Liu W, Niu S. Photosynthetic overcompensation under nocturnal warming enhances grassland carbon sequestration. Ecology 2009; 90:2700-10. [PMID: 19886480 DOI: 10.1890/08-2026.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A mechanistic understanding of the carbon (C) cycle-climate change feedback is essential for projecting future states of climate and ecosystems. Here we report a novel field mechanism and evidence supporting the hypothesis that nocturnal warming in a temperate steppe ecosystem in northern China can result in a minor C sink instead of a C source as models have predicted. Nocturnal warming increased leaf respiration of two dominant grass species by 36.3%, enhanced consumption of carbohydrates in the leaves (72.2% and 60.5% for sugar and starch, respectively), and consequently stimulated plant photosynthesis by 19.8% in the subsequent days. Our experimental findings confirm previous observations of nocturnal warming stimulating plant photosynthesis through increased draw-down of leaf carbohydrates at night. The enhancement of plant photosynthesis overcompensated the increased C loss via plant respiration under nocturnal warming and shifted the steppe ecosystem from a minor C source (1.87 g C x m(-2) x yr(-1)) to a C sink (21.72 g C x m(-2) x yr(-1)) across the three growing seasons from 2006 to 2008. Given greater increases in daily minimum than maximum temperature in many regions, plant photosynthetic overcompensation may partially serve as a negative feedback mechanism for terrestrial biosphere to climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiang Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China.
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Deschampsia antarctica Desv. primary photochemistry performs differently in plants grown in the field and laboratory. Polar Biol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-009-0723-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bystrzejewska-Piotrowska G, Urban PL. Tufted hairgrass (Deschampsia caespitosa) exhibits a lower photosynthetic plasticity than Antarctic hairgrass (D. antarctica). JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2009; 51:593-603. [PMID: 19522818 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2008.00802.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of our work was to assess photosynthetic plasticity of two hairgrass species with different ecological origins (a temperate zone species, Deschampsia caespitosa (L.) Beauv. and an Antarctic species, D. antarctica) and to consider how the anticipated climate change may affect vitality of these plants. Measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence showed that the photosystem II (PSII) quantum efficiency of D. caespitosa decreased during 4 d of incubation at 4 degrees C but it remained stable in D. antarctica. The fluorescence half-rise times were almost always lower in D. caespitosa than in D. antarctica, irrespective of the incubation temperature. These results indicate that the photosynthetic apparatus of D. caespitosa has poorer performance in these conditions. D. caespitosa reached the maximum photosynthesis rate at a higher temperature than D. antarctica although the values obtained at 8 degrees C were similar in both species. The photosynthetic water-use efficiency (photosynthesis-to-transpiration ratio, P/E) emerges as an important factor demonstrating presence of mechanisms which facilitate functioning of a plant in non-optimal conditions. Comparison of the P/E values, which were higher in D. antarctica than in D. caespitosa at low and medium temperatures, confirms a high degree of adjustability of the photosynthetic apparatus in D. antarctica and unveils the lack of such a feature in D. caespitosa.
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Effects of neighboring plants on the growth and reproduction of Deschampsia antarctica in Antarctic tundra. Polar Biol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-009-0646-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Yamori W, Noguchi K, Hikosaka K, Terashima I. Cold-Tolerant Crop Species Have Greater Temperature Homeostasis of Leaf Respiration and Photosynthesis Than Cold-Sensitive Species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 50:203-15. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcn189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Zheng Y, Rimmington GM, Xie Z, Zhang L, An P, Zhou G, Li X, Yu Y, Chen L, Shimizu H. Responses to air temperature and soil moisture of growth of four dominant species on sand dunes of central Inner Mongolia. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2008; 121:473-482. [PMID: 18553124 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-008-0172-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2007] [Accepted: 04/19/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Little attention has been paid to how four dominant shrub species distributed in semi-arid areas respond to the combined effects of temperature and water supply. Seedlings of four species were grown in a glasshouse for eight weeks at air temperatures of 12.5/22.5, 15/25, 17.5/27.5, and 20/30 degrees C (night/day) and with water supplies of 37.5, 75, 112.5, and 150 mm per month. When temperatures were 17.5/27.5 and 20/30 degrees C relative growth rate (RGR) decreased for Artemisia ordosica, A. sphaerocephala, and Hedysarum laeve but not for Caragana korshinskii. RGR increased with increasing water availability for all four species and most treatments. In response to changing water availability, the RGR tended to correlate mainly with the physiological trait (net assimilation rate, NAR) and with dry matter allocation traits (below-ground to above-ground dry matter and leaf mass ratio). A higher ratio of below to above-ground dry matter for all four species under most treatments (0.3-1.7) and water-use efficiency (1.4-9.2 g kg(-1)) may explain how all four species survive drought. Higher temperatures may be harmful to A. ordosica and A. sphaerocephala, under current precipitation levels (average 75 mm per month from mid-June to mid-August). These findings support the proposal that A. ordosica mixed with C. korshinskii will prove optimal for re-vegetation of degraded areas of the Ordos plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanrun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, 100093, Beijing, China.
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Armstrong AF, Badger MR, Day DA, Barthet MM, Smith PMC, Millar AH, Whelan J, Atkin OK. Dynamic changes in the mitochondrial electron transport chain underpinning cold acclimation of leaf respiration. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2008; 31:1156-1169. [PMID: 18507806 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2008.01830.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We examined the effect of short- and long-term changes in temperature on gene expression, protein abundance, and the activity of the alternative oxidase and cytochrome oxidase pathways (AOP and COP, respectively) in Arabidopsis thaliana. The AOP was more sensitive to short-term changes in temperature than the COP, with partitioning to the AOP decreasing significantly below a threshold temperature of 20 degrees C. AOP activity was increased in leaves, which had been shifted to the cold for several days, but this response was transient, with AOP activity subsiding (and COP activity increasing) following the development of leaves in the cold. The transient increase in AOP activity in 10-d cold-shifted leaves was not associated with an increase in alternative oxidase (AOX) protein or AOX1a transcript abundance. By contrast, the amount of uncoupling protein was significantly increased in cold-developed leaves. In conjunction with this, transcript levels of the uncoupling protein-encoding gene UCP1 and the external NAD(P)H dehydrogenase-encoding gene NDB2 exhibited sustained increases following growth in the cold. The data suggest a role for each of these alternative non-phosphorylating bypasses of mitochondrial electron transport at different points in time following exposure to cold, with increased AOP activity being important only in the early stages of cold treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna F Armstrong
- Department of Biology, University of York, PO Box 373, York, YO10 5YW, UK
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Rachmilevitch S, Lambers H, Huang B. Short-term and long-term root respiratory acclimation to elevated temperatures associated with root thermotolerance for two Agrostis grass species. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2008; 59:3803-9. [PMID: 18977747 PMCID: PMC2576646 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ern233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate whether thermotolerant roots exhibit respiratory acclimation to elevated temperatures. Root respiratory acclimation traits in response to increasing temperatures were compared between two Agrostis species contrasting in heat tolerance: thermal A. scabra and heat-sensitive A. stolonifera. Roots of both species were exposed to 17, 27, or 37 degrees C. Root RGR declined with increasing temperatures from 17 degrees C to 37 degrees C in both species; however, root growth of A. scabra maintained a significantly higher RGR than A. stolonifera at 27 degrees C or 37 degrees C. A. scabra exhibited a significantly higher respiration acclimation potential to elevated temperatures, both in the short term (60 min) and in the long term (7-28 d) as compared with A. stolonifera, when temperatures increased from 17 degrees C to 27 degrees C or from 27 degrees C to 37 degrees C. Thermal A. scabra also maintained a significantly lower maintenance cost than A. stolonifera as temperatures increased to 27 degrees C or 37 degrees C. The results suggested that root thermotolerance of thermal A. scabra was associated with both short-term and long-term respiratory acclimation to changes in temperatures. The superior ability of adjusting the rate of root respiration to compensate for increases in carbon demand during short- or long-term temperature increases in the heat-tolerant A. scabra may result in the reduction in carbon expenditure or costs for maintenance, leading to extended root survivability in high temperature soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimon Rachmilevitch
- The Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 84990 Israel
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Bingru Huang
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Cook College, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8520, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: E-mail:
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Armstrong AF, Wardlaw KD, Atkin OK. Assessing the relationship between respiratory acclimation to the cold and photosystem II redox poise in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2007; 30:1513-22. [PMID: 17953650 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2007.01738.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We examined the effect of manipulating photosystem II (PSII) redox poise on respiratory flux in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana. Measurements were made on wild-type (WT) plants and npq4 mutant plants deficient in non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). Two experiments were carried out. In the first experiment, WT and mutant warm-grown plants were exposed to three different irradiance regimes [75, 150 and 300 micromol photosynthetically active radiation (PAR)], and leaf dark respiration was measured in conjunction with PSII redox poise. In the second experiment, WT and mutant warm-grown plants were shifted to 5 degrees C and 75, 150 or 300 micromol PAR, and dark respiration was measured alongside PSII redox poise in cold-treated and cold-developed leaves. Despite significant differences in PSII redox poise between genotypes and irradiance treatments, neither genotype nor growth irradiance had any effect upon the rate of respiration in warm-grown, cold-treated or cold-developed leaves. We conclude that changes in PSII redox poise, at least within the range experienced here, have no direct impacts on rates of leaf dark respiration, and that the respiratory cold acclimation response is unrelated to changes in chloroplast redox poise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna F Armstrong
- Department of Biology, University of York, PO Box 373, York, YO10 5YW, UK
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MORSE LJ, FAETH SH, DAY TA. Neotyphodium interactions with a wild grass are driven mainly by endophyte haplotype. Funct Ecol 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01285.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Park JH, Day TA. Temperature response of CO2 exchange and dissolved organic carbon release in a maritime Antarctic tundra ecosystem. Polar Biol 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-007-0314-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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