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Uceda AB, Mariño L, Casasnovas R, Adrover M. An overview on glycation: molecular mechanisms, impact on proteins, pathogenesis, and inhibition. Biophys Rev 2024; 16:189-218. [PMID: 38737201 PMCID: PMC11078917 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-024-01188-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The formation of a heterogeneous set of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is the final outcome of a non-enzymatic process that occurs in vivo on long-life biomolecules. This process, known as glycation, starts with the reaction between reducing sugars, or their autoxidation products, with the amino groups of proteins, DNA, or lipids, thus gaining relevance under hyperglycemic conditions. Once AGEs are formed, they might affect the biological function of the biomacromolecule and, therefore, induce the development of pathophysiological events. In fact, the accumulation of AGEs has been pointed as a triggering factor of obesity, diabetes-related diseases, coronary artery disease, neurological disorders, or chronic renal failure, among others. Given the deleterious consequences of glycation, evolution has designed endogenous mechanisms to undo glycation or to prevent it. In addition, many exogenous molecules have also emerged as powerful glycation inhibitors. This review aims to provide an overview on what glycation is. It starts by explaining the similarities and differences between glycation and glycosylation. Then, it describes in detail the molecular mechanism underlying glycation reactions, and the bio-molecular targets with higher propensity to be glycated. Next, it discusses the precise effects of glycation on protein structure, function, and aggregation, and how computational chemistry has provided insights on these aspects. Finally, it reports the most prevalent diseases induced by glycation, and the endogenous mechanisms and the current therapeutic interventions against it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Belén Uceda
- Departament de Química, Universitat de Les Illes Balears, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Ctra. Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Laura Mariño
- Departament de Química, Universitat de Les Illes Balears, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Ctra. Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Casasnovas
- Departament de Química, Universitat de Les Illes Balears, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Ctra. Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Miquel Adrover
- Departament de Química, Universitat de Les Illes Balears, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Ctra. Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain
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2
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Aktaş A, Yiğit F, Delibaş B, Kaplan AA, Hamour HM, Marangoz AH, Kaya A, Altun G, Kaplan S. The effects of Garcinia kola and curcumin on the dorsal root ganglion of the diabetic rat after peripheral nerve transection injury. J Chem Neuroanat 2024; 136:102395. [PMID: 38320670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2024.102395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the protective effects of Garcinia kola and curcumin on the ganglion tissues of diabetic rats following the use of autologous vein graft in peripheral nerve transection injury. METHODS The sciatic nerve on the right side was transected, and anastomosis was performed between the proximal and distal ends using an autologous vein graft. Curcumin and Garcinia kola seed extract were administered daily by oral gavage. The ganglion tissues were harvested after a 90-day waiting period. Sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglion at the L4 and L5 levels were used for stereological evaluations. Mean sensory neuron numbers were analyzed using a stereological technique. The size of the light and dark neurons was also estimated, and ultrastructural and immunohistochemical evaluations were performed. RESULTS A statistically significant difference in sensory neuron numbers was observed between the groups with and without Garcinia kola and curcumin applications. The immunohistochemical results showed that the s-100 protein is expressed selectively between cell types. CONCLUSION The results of this study show that curcumin and Garicinia kola prevented sensory neuron loss in diabetic rats following transection injury to the sciatic nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abit Aktaş
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University - Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Funda Yiğit
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University - Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcu Delibaş
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Arife Ahsen Kaplan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hala Mahgoub Hamour
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | | | - Ayşenur Kaya
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey; Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey
| | - Gamze Altun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Kaplan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey; Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania.
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Portillo JAC, Pfaff A, Vos S, Weng M, Nagaraj RH, Subauste CS. Advanced Glycation End Products Upregulate CD40 in Human Retinal Endothelial and Müller Cells: Relevance to Diabetic Retinopathy. Cells 2024; 13:429. [PMID: 38474393 PMCID: PMC10930611 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
CD40 induces pro-inflammatory responses in endothelial and Müller cells and is required for the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR). CD40 is upregulated in these cells in patients with DR. CD40 upregulation is a central feature of CD40-driven inflammatory disorders. What drives CD40 upregulation in the diabetic retina remains unknown. We examined the role of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in CD40 upregulation in endothelial cells and Müller cells. Human endothelial cells and Müller cells were incubated with unmodified or methylglyoxal (MGO)-modified fibronectin. CD40 expression was assessed by flow cytometry. The expression of ICAM-1 and CCL2 was examined by flow cytometry or ELISA after stimulation with CD154 (CD40 ligand). The expression of carboxymethyl lysine (CML), fibronectin, and laminin as well as CD40 in endothelial and Müller cells from patients with DR was examined by confocal microscopy. Fibronectin modified by MGO upregulated CD40 in endothelial and Müller cells. CD40 upregulation was functionally relevant. MGO-modified fibronectin enhanced CD154-driven upregulation of ICAM-1 and CCL2 in endothelial and Müller cells. Increased CD40 expression in endothelial and Müller cells from patients with DR was associated with increased CML expression in fibronectin and laminin. These findings identify AGEs as inducers of CD40 upregulation in endothelial and Müller cells and enhancers of CD40-dependent pro-inflammatory responses. CD40 upregulation in these cells is associated with higher CML expression in fibronectin and laminin in patients with DR. This study revealed that CD40 and AGEs, two important drivers of DR, are interconnected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose-Andres C. Portillo
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (J.-A.C.P.); (A.P.); (S.V.); (M.W.)
| | - Amelia Pfaff
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (J.-A.C.P.); (A.P.); (S.V.); (M.W.)
| | - Sarah Vos
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (J.-A.C.P.); (A.P.); (S.V.); (M.W.)
| | - Matthew Weng
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (J.-A.C.P.); (A.P.); (S.V.); (M.W.)
| | - Ram H. Nagaraj
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Carlos S. Subauste
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (J.-A.C.P.); (A.P.); (S.V.); (M.W.)
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Pang N, Laiva AL, Sulaiman NZ, Das P, O’Brien FJ, Keogh MB. Dual Glyoxalase-1 and β-Klotho Gene-Activated Scaffold Reduces Methylglyoxal and Reprograms Diabetic Adipose-Derived Stem Cells: Prospects in Improved Wound Healing. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:265. [PMID: 38399319 PMCID: PMC10892312 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering approaches aim to provide biocompatible scaffold supports that allow healing to progress often in healthy tissue. In diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), hyperglycemia impedes ulcer regeneration, due to complications involving accumulations of cellular methylglyoxal (MG), a key component of oxidated stress and premature cellular aging which further limits repair. In this study, we aim to reduce MG using a collagen-chondroitin sulfate gene-activated scaffold (GAS) containing the glyoxalase-1 gene (GLO-1) to scavenge MG and anti-fibrotic β-klotho to restore stem cell activity in diabetic adipose-derived stem cells (dADSCs). dADSCs were cultured on dual GAS constructs for 21 days in high-glucose media in vitro. Our results show that dADSCs cultured on dual GAS significantly reduced MG accumulation (-84%; p < 0.05) compared to the gene-free controls. Similar reductions in profibrotic proteins α-smooth muscle actin (-65%) and fibronectin (-76%; p < 0.05) were identified in dual GAS groups. Similar findings were observed in the expression of pro-scarring structural proteins collagen I (-62%), collagen IV (-70%) and collagen VII (-86%). A non-significant decrease in the expression of basement membrane protein E-cadherin (-59%) was noted; however, the dual GAS showed a significant increase in the expression of laminin (+300%). We conclude that dual GAS-containing Glo-1 and β-klotho had a synergistic MG detoxification and anti-fibrotic role in dADSC's. This may be beneficial to provide better wound healing in DFUs by controlling the diabetic environment and rejuvenating the diabetic stem cells towards improved wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Pang
- Tissue Engineering Research Group—Bahrain, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Adliya P.O. Box 15503, Bahrain; (N.P.); (N.Z.S.); (P.D.)
| | - Ashang L. Laiva
- Tissue Engineering Research Group—Bahrain, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Adliya P.O. Box 15503, Bahrain; (N.P.); (N.Z.S.); (P.D.)
| | - Noof Z. Sulaiman
- Tissue Engineering Research Group—Bahrain, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Adliya P.O. Box 15503, Bahrain; (N.P.); (N.Z.S.); (P.D.)
| | - Priya Das
- Tissue Engineering Research Group—Bahrain, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Adliya P.O. Box 15503, Bahrain; (N.P.); (N.Z.S.); (P.D.)
| | - Fergal J. O’Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen’s Green, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael B. Keogh
- Tissue Engineering Research Group—Bahrain, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Adliya P.O. Box 15503, Bahrain; (N.P.); (N.Z.S.); (P.D.)
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Rabbani N, Thornalley PJ. Hexokinase-linked glycolytic overload and unscheduled glycolysis in hyperglycemia-induced pathogenesis of insulin resistance, beta-cell glucotoxicity, and diabetic vascular complications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1268308. [PMID: 38292764 PMCID: PMC10824962 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1268308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is a risk factor for the development of insulin resistance, beta-cell glucotoxicity, and vascular complications of diabetes. We propose the hypothesis, hexokinase-linked glycolytic overload and unscheduled glycolysis, in explanation. Hexokinases (HKs) catalyze the first step of glucose metabolism. Increased flux of glucose metabolism through glycolysis gated by HKs, when occurring without concomitant increased activity of glycolytic enzymes-unscheduled glycolysis-produces increased levels of glycolytic intermediates with overspill into effector pathways of cell dysfunction and pathogenesis. HK1 is saturated with glucose in euglycemia and, where it is the major HK, provides for basal glycolytic flux without glycolytic overload. HK2 has similar saturation characteristics, except that, in persistent hyperglycemia, it is stabilized to proteolysis by high intracellular glucose concentration, increasing HK activity and initiating glycolytic overload and unscheduled glycolysis. This drives the development of vascular complications of diabetes. Similar HK2-linked unscheduled glycolysis in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue in impaired fasting glucose drives the development of peripheral insulin resistance. Glucokinase (GCK or HK4)-linked glycolytic overload and unscheduled glycolysis occurs in persistent hyperglycemia in hepatocytes and beta-cells, contributing to hepatic insulin resistance and beta-cell glucotoxicity, leading to the development of type 2 diabetes. Downstream effector pathways of HK-linked unscheduled glycolysis are mitochondrial dysfunction and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation; activation of hexosamine, protein kinase c, and dicarbonyl stress pathways; and increased Mlx/Mondo A signaling. Mitochondrial dysfunction and increased ROS was proposed as the initiator of metabolic dysfunction in hyperglycemia, but it is rather one of the multiple downstream effector pathways. Correction of HK2 dysregulation is proposed as a novel therapeutic target. Pharmacotherapy addressing it corrected insulin resistance in overweight and obese subjects in clinical trial. Overall, the damaging effects of hyperglycemia are a consequence of HK-gated increased flux of glucose metabolism without increased glycolytic enzyme activities to accommodate it.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul J. Thornalley
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
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Brings S, Mier W, Beijer B, Kliemank E, Herzig S, Szendroedi J, Nawroth PP, Fleming T. Non-cross-linking advanced glycation end products affect prohormone processing. Biochem J 2024; 481:33-44. [PMID: 38112318 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are non-enzymatic post-translational modifications of amino acids and are associated with diabetic complications. One proposed pathomechanism is the impaired processing of AGE-modified proteins or peptides including prohormones. Two approaches were applied to investigate whether substrate modification with AGEs affects the processing of substrates like prohormones to the active hormones. First, we employed solid-phase peptide synthesis to generate unmodified as well as AGE-modified protease substrates. Activity of proteases towards these substrates was quantified. Second, we tested the effect of AGE-modified proinsulin on the processing to insulin. Proteases showed the expected activity towards the unmodified peptide substrates containing arginine or lysine at the C-terminal cleavage site. Indeed, modification with Nε-carboxymethyllysine (CML) or methylglyoxal-hydroimidazolone 1 (MG-H1) affected all proteases tested. Cysteine cathepsins displayed a reduction in activity by ∼50% towards CML and MG-H1 modified substrates. The specific proteases trypsin, proprotein convertases subtilisin-kexins (PCSKs) type proteases, and carboxypeptidase E (CPE) were completely inactive towards modified substrates. Proinsulin incubation with methylglyoxal at physiological concentrations for 24 h resulted in the formation of MG-modified proinsulin. The formation of insulin was reduced by up to 80% in a concentration-dependent manner. Here, we demonstrate the inhibitory effect of substrate-AGE modifications on proteases. The finding that PCSKs and CPE, which are essential for prohormone processing, are inactive towards modified substrates could point to a yet unrecognized pathomechanism resulting from AGE modification relevant for the etiopathogenesis of diabetes and the development of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Brings
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walter Mier
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbro Beijer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kliemank
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Herzig
- German Centre of Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer IDC Helmholtz Center Munich and Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Szendroedi
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Centre of Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer IDC Helmholtz Center Munich and Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Munich, Germany
- Center for Molecular Biology Heidelberg (ZMBH), Heidelberg, Germany
- Joint Division Molecular Metabolic Control, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter P Nawroth
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Fleming
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Centre of Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer IDC Helmholtz Center Munich and Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Munich, Germany
- Center for Molecular Biology Heidelberg (ZMBH), Heidelberg, Germany
- Joint Division Molecular Metabolic Control, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Cheng W, Cai C, Xu Y, Xiao X, Shi T, Liao Y, Wang X, Chen S, Zhou M, Liao Z. The TRIM21-FOXD1-BCL-2 axis underlies hyperglycaemic cell death and diabetic tissue damage. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:825. [PMID: 38092733 PMCID: PMC10719266 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06355-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycaemia is a devastating factor that causes diabetes-induced damage to the retina and kidney. However, the precise mechanism by which hyperglycaemia drives apoptotic cell death is incompletely known. Herein, we found that FOXD1, a FOX family transcription factor specifically expressed in the retina and kidney, regulated the transcription of BCL-2, a master regulator of cell survival. Intriguingly, the protein level of FOXD1, which responded negatively to hyperglycaemic conditions, was controlled by the TRIM21-mediated K48-linked polyubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. The TRIM21-FOXD1-BCL-2 signalling axis was notably active during diabetes-induced damage to murine retinal and renal tissues. Furthermore, we found that tartary buckwheat flavonoids effectively reversed the downregulation of FOXD1 protein expression and thus restored BCL-2 expression and facilitated the survival of retinal and renal tissues. In summary, we identified a transcription factor responsible for BCL-2 expression, a signalling axis (TRM21-FOXD1-BCL-2) underlying hyperglycaemia-triggered apoptosis, and a potential treatment for deleterious diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Cheng
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Cifeng Cai
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yifan Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Xueqi Xiao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Tiantian Shi
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yueling Liao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Shasha Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Meiliang Zhou
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Zhiyong Liao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
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Chen T, Zhou H, Yuan S, Deng X, Li Y, Chen N, You J, Li R, Li T, Zheng Y, Luo M, Lv H, Wu J, Wang L. Glycation of fibronectin impairs angiopoietin-1/Tie-2 signaling through uncoupling Tie-2-α5β1 integrin crosstalk. Cell Signal 2023; 112:110916. [PMID: 37806542 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The dysfunction of angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1)/Tie-2 signaling pathways has been implicated in diabetic complications. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Fibronectin (FN) is thought to have an important role in regulating Ang-1/Tie-2 signaling activation. But no previous study has investigated the effects of FN glycation on Ang-1/Tie-2 signaling. In the present study, FN was glycated by methylglyoxal (MGO) to investigate whether the glycation of FN contributes to diabetes-induced Ang-1/Tie-2 signaling impairment and to understand the molecular mechanisms involved. The results demonstrated that MGO-glycated FN significantly impaired Ang-1-evoked phosphorylation of Tie-2 and Akt, Ang-1-induced endothelial cell migration and tube formation and Ang-1-mediated cell survival. The glycation of FN also inhibited the binding of α5β1 integrin to Tie-2. Moreover, FN was remarkably modified by AGEs in aortae derived from db/db mice, indicating the glycation of FN in vivo. Ang-1-induced aortic ring vessel outgrowth and Ang-1-mediated cell survival were also both significantly inhibited in aortae from db/db mice compared to that from the wild type littermates. Moreover, FN, rather than glycated FN partly restored aortic ring angiogenesis in db/db mice, indicating that the angiogenesis defect in the db/db mice are due to FN glycation. Collectively, the results in the present study suggest that the glycation of FN impairs Ang-1/Tie-2 signaling pathway by uncoupling Tie-2-α5β1 integrin crosstalk. This may provide a mechanism for Ang-1/Tie-2 signaling dysfunction and angiogenesis failure in diabetic ischaemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Zhou
- Basic Medicine Research Innovation Center for cardiometabolic diseases,Ministry of Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Luzhou, China
| | - Shuangshuang Yuan
- Basic Medicine Research Innovation Center for cardiometabolic diseases,Ministry of Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Luzhou, China
| | - Xin Deng
- Basic Medicine Research Innovation Center for cardiometabolic diseases,Ministry of Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Luzhou, China
| | - Yongjie Li
- Basic Medicine Research Innovation Center for cardiometabolic diseases,Ministry of Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Luzhou, China
| | - Ni Chen
- Basic Medicine Research Innovation Center for cardiometabolic diseases,Ministry of Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Luzhou, China
| | - Jingcan You
- Basic Medicine Research Innovation Center for cardiometabolic diseases,Ministry of Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Luzhou, China
| | - Rong Li
- Basic Medicine Research Innovation Center for cardiometabolic diseases,Ministry of Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Luzhou, China
| | - Tian Li
- Basic Medicine Research Innovation Center for cardiometabolic diseases,Ministry of Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Luzhou, China
| | - Youkun Zheng
- Basic Medicine Research Innovation Center for cardiometabolic diseases,Ministry of Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Luzhou, China
| | - Mao Luo
- Basic Medicine Research Innovation Center for cardiometabolic diseases,Ministry of Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Luzhou, China
| | - Hongbin Lv
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Jianbo Wu
- Basic Medicine Research Innovation Center for cardiometabolic diseases,Ministry of Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Luzhou, China.
| | - Liqun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Basic Medicine Research Innovation Center for cardiometabolic diseases,Ministry of Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Luzhou, China.
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9
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Jahanbani S, Khaksari M, Bitaraf FS, Rahmati M, Foroughi K, Shayannia A. Effectiveness of Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase/Pre-B Cell Colony-enhancing Factor/Visfatin in preventing High Glucose-induced Neurotoxicity in an In-vitro Model of Diabetic Neuropathy. Basic Clin Neurosci 2023; 14:867-878. [PMID: 39070193 PMCID: PMC11273206 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.2021.2870.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diabetic neuropathy is a well-known complication of diabetes. Recently, hyperglycemia-induced toxicity has been confirmed to participates in multiple cellular pathways typical for neural deterioration. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase/pre-b cell colony-enhancing factor (Nampt/PBEF)/visfatin is a novel endogenous ligand that some studies have shown its neuroprotective effects on neurodegenerative disease. Therefore, we hypothesized that visfatin may prevent high glucose (HG)-induced neurotoxicity by inhibiting apoptosis, autophagy, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) responses properly. Methods In this study, pheochromocytoma cell line 12 (PC12) cells were exposed to both HG concentrations (50, 75, 100, 125, 150 mM) and visfatin (50, 100, 150 ng/mL) at different time -points to determine the optimum time and dose of glucose and visfatin. To investigate the effects of visfatin on HG-induced damage in the PC12 diabetic neuropathy model, we examined ROS response, apoptosis, and autophagy using ROS detection kit, flow cytometry, and real-time PCR/Western blot, respectively. Results We determined that HG concentration significantly increased the ROS level and apoptosis of diabetic PC12 cells. However, visfatin treatment significantly decreased the ROS production (P<0.05) and apoptosis of diabetic PC12 cells (P<0.0001). Beclin-1 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) level (P<0.05) and light chain 3 (Lc3)-II protein level (P<0.05) showed that the autophagy pathway is impaired by HG concentrations. Conclusion We concluded that visfatin can sufficiently decrease neural damage caused by ROS production and apoptosis under HG-induced toxicity. Highlights High glucose significantly increased the ROS level and apoptosis of diabetic PC12 cells;The autophagy pathway is impaired by high glucose;Nampt/PBEF/visfatin can significantly reduce neural damage caused by ROS production and apoptosis of diabetic PC12 cells. Plain Language Summary Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from a failure in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Visfatin (Nampt/PBEF) has insulin-mimetic effects. So far, no study has assessed its effects on diabetic neuropathy. Therefore, we examined the neuroprotective effects of visfatin on cell line 12 (PC12) against glucose-induced neurotoxicity. Based on the results, it was concluded that the Nampt/PBEF/visfatin can significantly reduce neural damage caused by production of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis of diabetic PC12 cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvin Jahanbani
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khaksari
- Addiction Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadat Bitaraf
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Majid Rahmati
- Cancer Prevention Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Kobra Foroughi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Asghar Shayannia
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
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10
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Dahlin LB. The Dynamics of Nerve Degeneration and Regeneration in a Healthy Milieu and in Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15241. [PMID: 37894921 PMCID: PMC10607341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Appropriate animal models, mimicking conditions of both health and disease, are needed to understand not only the biology and the physiology of neurons and other cells under normal conditions but also under stress conditions, like nerve injuries and neuropathy. In such conditions, understanding how genes and different factors are activated through the well-orchestrated programs in neurons and other related cells is crucial. Knowledge about key players associated with nerve regeneration intended for axonal outgrowth, migration of Schwann cells with respect to suitable substrates, invasion of macrophages, appropriate conditioning of extracellular matrix, activation of fibroblasts, formation of endothelial cells and blood vessels, and activation of other players in healthy and diabetic conditions is relevant. Appropriate physical and chemical attractions and repulsions are needed for an optimal and directed regeneration and are investigated in various nerve injury and repair/reconstruction models using healthy and diabetic rat models with relevant blood glucose levels. Understanding dynamic processes constantly occurring in neuropathies, like diabetic neuropathy, with concomitant degeneration and regeneration, requires advanced technology and bioinformatics for an integrated view of the behavior of different cell types based on genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and imaging at different visualization levels. Single-cell-transcriptional profile analysis of different cells may reveal any heterogeneity among key players in peripheral nerves in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars B. Dahlin
- Department of Translational Medicine—Hand Surgery, Lund University, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden; ; Tel.: +46-40-33-17-24
- Department of Hand Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
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11
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Martin S, Taylor SB, Shideler BL, Ogrin R, Begg R. Overground gait adaptability in older adults with type 2 diabetes in response to virtual targets and physical obstacles. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0276999. [PMID: 37703264 PMCID: PMC10499227 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To step over an unexpected obstacle, individuals adapt gait; they adjust step length in the anterior-posterior direction prior to the obstacle and minimum toe clearance height in the vertical direction during obstacle avoidance. Inability to adapt gait may lead to falls in older adults with diabetes as the results of the effects of diabetes on the sensory-motor control system. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate gait adaptability in older adults with diabetes. RESEARCH QUESTION Would diabetes impair gait adaptability and increase sagittal foot adjustment errors? METHODS Three cohorts of 16 people were recruited: young adults (Group I), healthy older adults (Group II), and older adults with diabetes (Group III). Participants walked in baseline at their comfortable speeds. They then walked and responded to what was presented in gait adaptability tests, which included 40 trials with four random conditions: step shortening, step lengthening, obstacle avoiding, and walking through. Virtual step length targets were 40% of the baseline step length longer or shorter than the mean baseline step length; the actual obstacle was a 5-cm height across the walkway. A Vicon three-dimensional motion capture system and four A.M.T.I force plates were used to quantify spatiotemporal parameters of a gait cycle and sagittal foot adjustment errors (differences between desired and actual responses). Analyses of variance (ANOVA) repeated measured tests were used to investigate group and condition effects on dependent gait parameters at a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS Statistical analyses of Group I (n = 16), Group II (n = 14) and Group III (n = 13) revealed that gait parameters did not differ between groups in baseline. However, they were significantly different in adaptability tests. Group III significantly increased their stance and double support times in adaptability tests, but these adaptations did not reduce their sagittal foot adjustment errors. They had the greatest step length errors and lowest toe-obstacle clearance, which could cause them to touch the obstacle more. SIGNIFICANCE The presented gait adaptability tests may serve as entry tests for falls prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Martin
- Institute of Health Exercise and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Simon B. Taylor
- Institute of Health Exercise and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Blynn L. Shideler
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Rajna Ogrin
- Bolton Clarke Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rezaul Begg
- Institute of Health Exercise and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
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12
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Bhattacharya R, Alam MR, Kamal MA, Seo KJ, Singh LR. AGE-RAGE axis culminates into multiple pathogenic processes: a central road to neurodegeneration. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1155175. [PMID: 37266370 PMCID: PMC10230046 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1155175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs; e.g., glyoxal, methylglyoxal or carboxymethyl-lysine) are heterogenous group of toxic compounds synthesized in the body through both exogenous and endogenous pathways. AGEs are known to covalently modify proteins bringing about loss of functional alteration in the proteins. AGEs also interact with their receptor, receptor for AGE (RAGE) and such interactions influence different biological processes including oxidative stress and apoptosis. Previously, AGE-RAGE axis has long been considered to be the maligning factor for various human diseases including, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular, aging, etc. Recent developments have revealed the involvement of AGE-RAGE axis in different pathological consequences associated with the onset of neurodegeneration including, disruption of blood brain barrier, neuroinflammation, remodeling of extracellular matrix, dysregulation of polyol pathway and antioxidant enzymes, etc. In the present article, we attempted to describe a new avenue that AGE-RAGE axis culminates to different pathological consequences in brain and therefore, is a central instigating component to several neurodegenerative diseases (NGDs). We also invoke that specific inhibitors of TIR domains of TLR or RAGE receptors are crucial molecules for the therapeutic intervention of NGDs. Clinical perspectives have also been appropriately discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshmee Bhattacharya
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Rizwan Alam
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Azhar Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kyung Jin Seo
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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13
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Yang C, Zhao X, An X, Zhang Y, Sun W, Zhang Y, Duan Y, Kang X, Sun Y, Jiang L, Lian F. Axonal transport deficits in the pathogenesis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1136796. [PMID: 37056668 PMCID: PMC10086245 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1136796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a chronic and prevalent metabolic disease that gravely endangers human health and seriously affects the quality of life of hyperglycemic patients. More seriously, it can lead to amputation and neuropathic pain, imposing a severe financial burden on patients and the healthcare system. Even with strict glycemic control or pancreas transplantation, peripheral nerve damage is difficult to reverse. Most current treatment options for DPN can only treat the symptoms but not the underlying mechanism. Patients with long-term diabetes mellitus (DM) develop axonal transport dysfunction, which could be an important factor in causing or exacerbating DPN. This review explores the underlying mechanisms that may be related to axonal transport impairment and cytoskeletal changes caused by DM, and the relevance of the latter with the occurrence and progression of DPN, including nerve fiber loss, diminished nerve conduction velocity, and impaired nerve regeneration, and also predicts possible therapeutic strategies. Understanding the mechanisms of diabetic neuronal injury is essential to prevent the deterioration of DPN and to develop new therapeutic strategies. Timely and effective improvement of axonal transport impairment is particularly critical for the treatment of peripheral neuropathies.
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14
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Kanta J, Zavadakova A, Sticova E, Dubsky M. Fibronectin in hyperglycaemia and its potential use in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers: A review. Int Wound J 2022; 20:1750-1761. [PMID: 36537075 PMCID: PMC10088845 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.13997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism of fibronectin, the protein that plays a key role in the healing of wounds, is changed in the patients with diabetes mellitus. Fibronectin can interact with other proteins and proteoglycans and organise them to form the extracellular matrix, the basis of the granulation tissue in healing wounds. However, diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) suffer from inadequate deposition of this protein. Degradation prevails over fibronectin synthesis in the proteolytic inflammatory environment in the ulcers. Because of the lack of fibronectin in the wound bed, the assembly of the extracellular matrix and the deposition of the granulation tissue cannot be started. A number of methods have been designed that prevents fibronectin degradation, replace lacking fibronectin or support its formation in non-healing wounds in animal models of diabetes. The aim of this article is to review the metabolism of fibronectin in DFUs and to emphasise that it would be useful to pay more attention to fibronectin matrix assembly in the ulcers when laboratory methods are translated to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Kanta
- Faculty of Medicine Charles University Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Anna Zavadakova
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine Charles University Pilsen Czech Republic
| | - Eva Sticova
- Diabetes Center Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine Prague Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Michal Dubsky
- Diabetes Center Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine Prague Czech Republic
- First Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic
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15
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Naftaly A, Kislev N, Izgilov R, Adler R, Silber M, Shalgi R, Benayahu D. Nutrition Alters the Stiffness of Adipose Tissue and Cell Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315237. [PMID: 36499567 PMCID: PMC9736042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a complex organ composed of various cell types and an extracellular matrix (ECM). The visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is dynamically altered in response to nutritional regimens that lead to local cues affecting the cells and ECM. The adipocytes are in conjunction with the surrounding ECM that maintains the tissue's niche, provides a scaffold for cells and modulates their signaling. In this study, we provide a better understanding of the crosstalk between nutritional regimens and the ECM's stiffness. Histological analyses showed that the adipocytes in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) were increased in size, while the ECM was also altered with changes in mass and composition. HFD-fed mice exhibited a decrease in elastin and an increase in collagenous proteins. Rheometer measurements revealed a stiffer ECM in whole tissue (nECM) and decellularized (deECM) in HFD-fed animals. These alterations in the ECM regulate cellular activity and influence their metabolic function. HFD-fed mice expressed high levels of the receptor for advanced-glycation-end-products (RAGE), indicating that AGEs might play a role in these processes. The cells also exhibited an increase in phosphoserine332 of IRS-1, a decrease in the GLUT4 transporter levels at the cells' membrane, and a consequent reduction in insulin sensitivity. These results show how alterations in the stiffness of ECM proteins can affect the mechanical cues transferred to adipocytes and, thereby, influence the adipocytes' functionality, leading to metabolic disorders.
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16
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Yang Z, Zhang W, Lu H, Cai S. Methylglyoxal in the Brain: From Glycolytic Metabolite to Signalling Molecule. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227905. [PMID: 36432007 PMCID: PMC9696358 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Advances in molecular biology technology have piqued tremendous interest in glycometabolism and bioenergetics in homeostasis and neural development linked to ageing and age-related diseases. Methylglyoxal (MGO) is a by-product of glycolysis, and it can covalently modify proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, leading to cell growth inhibition and, eventually, cell death. MGO can alter intracellular calcium homeostasis, which is a major cell-permeant precursor to advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). As side-products or signalling molecules, MGO is involved in several pathologies, including neurodevelopmental disorders, ageing, and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we demonstrate that MGO (the metabolic side-product of glycolysis), the GLO system, and their analogous relationship with behavioural phenotypes, epigenetics, ageing, pain, and CNS degeneration. Furthermore, we summarise several therapeutic approaches that target MGO and the glyoxalase (GLO) system in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyong Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Huashan Rd. 1961, Shanghai 200030, China
- Correspondence: (Z.Y.); (S.C.)
| | - Wangping Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Women and Children’s Hospital of Jiaxing University, No. 2468 Zhonghuan East Road, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Han Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shu Cai
- School of Nursing, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 283 Jianghai Avenue, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510310, China
- Correspondence: (Z.Y.); (S.C.)
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17
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Luo J, Zhu HQ, Gou B, Zheng YL. Mechanisms of exercise for diabetic neuropathic pain. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:975453. [PMID: 36313015 PMCID: PMC9605799 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.975453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) is a common disease that affects the daily lives of diabetic patients, and its incidence rate is very high worldwide. At present, drug and exercise therapies are common treatments for DNP. Drug therapy has various side effects. In recent years, exercise therapy has received frequent research and increasing attention by many researchers. Currently, the treatment of DNP is generally symptomatic. We can better select the appropriate exercise prescription for DNP only by clarifying the exercise mechanism for its therapy. The unique pathological mechanism of DNP is still unclear and may be related to the pathological mechanism of diabetic neuropathy. In this study, the mechanisms of exercise therapy for DNP were reviewed to understand better the role of exercise therapy in treating DNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Luo
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Xian Physical Education University, Xian, China
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Qi Zhu
- College of Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Gou
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Xian Physical Education University, Xian, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Gou,
| | - Yi-Li Zheng
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Gou,
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18
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Lai SWT, Lopez Gonzalez EDJ, Zoukari T, Ki P, Shuck SC. Methylglyoxal and Its Adducts: Induction, Repair, and Association with Disease. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:1720-1746. [PMID: 36197742 PMCID: PMC9580021 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Metabolism is an essential part of life that provides energy for cell growth. During metabolic flux, reactive electrophiles are produced that covalently modify macromolecules, leading to detrimental cellular effects. Methylglyoxal (MG) is an abundant electrophile formed from lipid, protein, and glucose metabolism at intracellular levels of 1-4 μM. MG covalently modifies DNA, RNA, and protein, forming advanced glycation end products (MG-AGEs). MG and MG-AGEs are associated with the onset and progression of many pathologies including diabetes, cancer, and liver and kidney disease. Regulating MG and MG-AGEs is a potential strategy to prevent disease, and they may also have utility as biomarkers to predict disease risk, onset, and progression. Here, we review recent advances and knowledge surrounding MG, including its production and elimination, mechanisms of MG-AGEs formation, the physiological impact of MG and MG-AGEs in disease onset and progression, and the latter in the context of its receptor RAGE. We also discuss methods for measuring MG and MG-AGEs and their clinical application as prognostic biomarkers to allow for early detection and intervention prior to disease onset. Finally, we consider relevant clinical applications and current therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting MG, MG-AGEs, and RAGE to ultimately improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seigmund Wai Tsuen Lai
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Edwin De Jesus Lopez Gonzalez
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Tala Zoukari
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Priscilla Ki
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Sarah C Shuck
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California 91010, United States
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Methylglyoxal and glyoxalase 1-a metabolic stress pathway-linking hyperglycemia to the unfolded protein response and vascular complications of diabetes. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:819-824. [PMID: 35635155 PMCID: PMC9152679 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The study of the glyoxalase system by Thornalley and co-workers in clinical diabetes mellitus and correlation with diabetic complications revealed increased exposure of patients with diabetes to the reactive, dicarbonyl metabolite methylglyoxal (MG). Twenty-eight years later, extended and built on by Thornalley and co-workers and others, the glyoxalase system is an important pathway contributing to the development of insulin resistance and vascular complications of diabetes. Other related advances have been: characterization of a new kind of metabolic stress—‘dicarbonyl stress’; identification of the major physiological advanced glycation endproduct (AGE), MG-H1; physiological substrates of the unfolded protein response (UPR); new therapeutic agents—‘glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) inducers’; and a refined mechanism underlying the link of dysglycemia to the development of insulin resistance and vascular complications of diabetes.
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20
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Königs V, Pierre S, Schicht M, Welss J, Hahnefeld L, Rimola V, Lütjen-Drecoll E, Geisslinger G, Scholich K. GPR40 Activation Abolishes Diabetes-Induced Painful Neuropathy by Suppressing VEGF-A Expression. Diabetes 2022; 71:774-787. [PMID: 35061031 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) is a promising target to support glucose-induced insulin release in patients with type 2 diabetes. We studied the role of GPR40 in the regulation of blood-nerve barrier integrity and its involvement in diabetes-induced neuropathies. Because GPR40 modulates insulin release, we used the streptozotocin model for type 1 diabetes, in which GPR40 functions can be investigated independently of its effects on insulin release. Diabetic wild-type mice exhibited increased vascular endothelial permeability and showed epineural microlesions in sciatic nerves, which were also observed in naïve GPR40-/- mice. Fittingly, expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), an inducer of vascular permeability, was increased in diabetic wild-type and naïve GPR40-/- mice. GPR40 antagonists increased VEGF-A expression in murine and human endothelial cells as well as permeability of transendothelial barriers. In contrast, GPR40 agonists suppressed VEGF-A release and mRNA expression. The VEGF receptor inhibitor axitinib prevented diabetes-induced hypersensitivities and reduced endothelial and epineural permeability. Importantly, the GPR40 agonist GW9508 reverted established diabetes-induced hypersensitivity, an effect that was blocked by VEGF-A administration. Thus, GPR40 activation suppresses VEGF-A expression, thereby reducing diabetes-induced blood-nerve barrier permeability and reverting diabetes-induced hypersensitivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Königs
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sandra Pierre
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital of the Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martin Schicht
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jessica Welss
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lisa Hahnefeld
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital of the Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Vittoria Rimola
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital of the Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Elke Lütjen-Drecoll
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital of the Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Klaus Scholich
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital of the Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Kan HW, Hsieh JH, Wang SW, Yeh TY, Chang MF, Tang TY, Chao CC, Feng FP, Hsieh ST. Nonpermissive skin environment impairs nerve regeneration in diabetes via Sec31a. Ann Neurol 2022; 91:821-833. [PMID: 35285061 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although the microenvironment for peripheral nerve regeneration is permissive, such a mechanism is defective in diabetes, and the molecular mediators remain elusive. This study aimed to (1) investigate the relationship between skin innervation and collagen pathology in diabetic neuropathy and to (2) clarify the molecular alterations that occur in response to hyperglycemia and their effects on axon regeneration. METHODS We addressed this issue using two complementary systems: (1) human skin from patients with diabetic neuropathy and to (2) a coculture model of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) with rat dorsal root ganglia neurons in the context of intrinsic neuronal factor and extrinsic microenvironmental collagen and its biosynthetic pathways. RESULTS In diabetic neuropathy, the skin innervation of intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFd), a measure of sensory nerve degeneration, was reduced with similar expression of a growth associated protein 43, a marker of nerve regeneration. In contrast, the content and packing of collagen in the diabetic skin became more rigid than the control skin. Sec31a, a protein that regulates the collagen biosynthetic pathway, was upregulated and inversely correlated with IENFd. In the cell model, activated HDFs exposed to high-glucose medium enhanced the expression of Sec31a and collagen I through the activation of transforming growth factor β, a profibrotic molecule. Sec31a upregulation impaired neurite outgrowth. This effect was reversed by silencing Sec31a expression and neurite outgrowth was resumed. INTERPRETATION The current study provides evidence that Sec31a plays a key role in inhibiting nerve regeneration in diabetic neuropathy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Wei Kan
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 824005, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Hsien Hsieh
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100225, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Wang
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, E-DA Hospital/I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 824005, Taiwan
| | - Ti-Yen Yeh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100233, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Fong Chang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100233, Taiwan
| | - Tsz-Yi Tang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100233, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chao Chao
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100225, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Ping Feng
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100225, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Tsang Hsieh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100233, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100225, Taiwan.,Center of Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100233, Taiwan
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22
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Rabbani N, Xue M, Thornalley PJ. Hexokinase-2-Linked Glycolytic Overload and Unscheduled Glycolysis-Driver of Insulin Resistance and Development of Vascular Complications of Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042165. [PMID: 35216280 PMCID: PMC8877341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent discovery of the glucose-induced stabilization of hexokinase-2 (HK2) to proteolysis in cell dysfunction in model hyperglycemia has revealed a likely key initiating factor contributing to the development of insulin resistance and vascular complications in diabetes. Consequently, the increased flux of glucose metabolism without a change in the expression and activity of glycolytic enzymes produces a wave of increased glycolytic intermediates driving mitochondrial dysfunction and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, the activation of hexosamine and protein kinase C pathways, the increased formation of methylglyoxal-producing dicarbonyl stress, and the activation of the unfolded protein response. This is called HK2-linked glycolytic overload and unscheduled glycolysis. The conditions required to sustain this are GLUT1 and/or GLUT3 glucose uptake and the expression of HK2. A metabolic biomarker of its occurrence is the abnormally increased deposition of glycogen, which is produced by metabolic channeling when HK2 becomes detached from mitochondria. These conditions and metabolic consequences are found in the vasculature, kidneys, retina, peripheral nerves, and early-stage embryo development in diabetes and likely sustain the development of diabetic vascular complications and embryopathy. In insulin resistance, HK2-linked unscheduled glycolysis may also be established in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. This may explain the increased glucose disposal by skeletal uptake in the fasting phase in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, compared to healthy controls, and the presence of insulin resistance in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Importantly, glyoxalase 1 inducer—trans-resveratrol and hesperetin in combination (tRES-HESP)—corrected HK2-linked glycolytic overload and unscheduled glycolysis and reversed insulin resistance and improved vascular inflammation in overweight and obese subjects in clinical trial. Further studies are now required to evaluate tRES-HESP for the prevention and reversal of early-stage type 2 diabetes and for the treatment of the vascular complications of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Rabbani
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, Qatar University Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
- Correspondence: (N.R.); (P.J.T.); Tel.: +974-7479-5649 (N.R.); +974-7090-1635 (P.J.T.)
| | - Mingzhan Xue
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar;
| | - Paul J. Thornalley
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar;
- Correspondence: (N.R.); (P.J.T.); Tel.: +974-7479-5649 (N.R.); +974-7090-1635 (P.J.T.)
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23
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Bufalo MC, de Almeida MES, Jensen JR, DeOcesano-Pereira C, Lichtenstein F, Picolo G, Chudzinski-Tavassi AM, Sampaio SC, Cury Y, Zambelli VO. Human Sensory Neuron-like Cells and Glycated Collagen Matrix as a Model for the Screening of Analgesic Compounds. Cells 2022; 11:247. [PMID: 35053363 PMCID: PMC8773477 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased collagen-derived advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are consistently related to painful diseases, including osteoarthritis, diabetic neuropathy, and neurodegenerative disorders. We have recently developed a model combining a two-dimensional glycated extracellular matrix (ECM-GC) and primary dorsal root ganglion (DRG) that mimicked a pro-nociceptive microenvironment. However, culturing primary cells is still a challenge for large-scale screening studies. Here, we characterized a new model using ECM-GC as a stimulus for human sensory-like neurons differentiated from SH-SY5Y cell lines to screen for analgesic compounds. First, we confirmed that the differentiation process induces the expression of neuron markers (MAP2, RBFOX3 (NeuN), and TUBB3 (β-III tubulin), as well as sensory neuron markers critical for pain sensation (TRPV1, SCN9A (Nav1.7), SCN10A (Nav1.8), and SCN11A (Nav1.9). Next, we showed that ECM-GC increased c-Fos expression in human sensory-like neurons, which is suggestive of neuronal activation. In addition, ECM-GC upregulated the expression of critical genes involved in pain, including SCN9A and TACR1. Of interest, ECM-GC induced substance P release, a neuropeptide widely involved in neuroinflammation and pain. Finally, morphine, the prototype opiate, decreased ECM-GC-induced substance P release. Together, our results suggest that we established a functional model that can be useful as a platform for screening candidates for the management of painful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Cristiane Bufalo
- Laboratory of Pain and Signaling, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (M.C.B.); (G.P.)
- Center of Excellence in New Target Discovery, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (M.E.S.d.A.); (C.D.-P.); (F.L.); (A.M.C.-T.)
| | - Maíra Estanislau Soares de Almeida
- Center of Excellence in New Target Discovery, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (M.E.S.d.A.); (C.D.-P.); (F.L.); (A.M.C.-T.)
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil;
| | | | - Carlos DeOcesano-Pereira
- Center of Excellence in New Target Discovery, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (M.E.S.d.A.); (C.D.-P.); (F.L.); (A.M.C.-T.)
| | - Flavio Lichtenstein
- Center of Excellence in New Target Discovery, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (M.E.S.d.A.); (C.D.-P.); (F.L.); (A.M.C.-T.)
| | - Gisele Picolo
- Laboratory of Pain and Signaling, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (M.C.B.); (G.P.)
| | - Ana Marisa Chudzinski-Tavassi
- Center of Excellence in New Target Discovery, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (M.E.S.d.A.); (C.D.-P.); (F.L.); (A.M.C.-T.)
- Innovation and Development Laboratory, Innovation and Development Center, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Sandra Coccuzzo Sampaio
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil;
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil
| | - Yara Cury
- Laboratory of Pain and Signaling, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (M.C.B.); (G.P.)
| | - Vanessa Olzon Zambelli
- Laboratory of Pain and Signaling, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (M.C.B.); (G.P.)
- Center of Excellence in New Target Discovery, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (M.E.S.d.A.); (C.D.-P.); (F.L.); (A.M.C.-T.)
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24
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Singleton JR, Foster-Palmer S, Marcus RL. Exercise as Treatment for Neuropathy in the Setting of Diabetes and Prediabetic Metabolic Syndrome: A Review of Animal Models and Human Trials. Curr Diabetes Rev 2022; 18:e230921196752. [PMID: 34561989 DOI: 10.2174/1573399817666210923125832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral neuropathy is among the most common complications of diabetes, but a phenotypically identical distal sensory predominant, painful axonopathy afflicts patients with prediabetic metabolic syndrome, exemplifying a spectrum of risk and continuity of pathogenesis. No pharmacological treatment convincingly improves neuropathy in the setting of metabolic syndrome, but evolving data suggest that exercise may be a promising alternative. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to review in depth the current literature regarding exercise treatment of metabolic syndrome neuropathy in humans and animal models, highlight the diverse mechanisms by which exercise exerts beneficial effects, and examine adherence limitations, safety aspects, modes and dose of exercise. RESULTS Rodent models that recapitulate the organismal milieu of prediabetic metabolic syndrome and the phenotype of its neuropathy provide a strong platform to dissect exercise effects on neuropathy pathogenesis. In these models, exercise reverses hyperglycemia and consequent oxidative and nitrosative stress, improves microvascular vasoreactivity, enhances axonal transport, ameliorates the lipotoxicity and inflammatory effects of hyperlipidemia and obesity, supports neuronal survival and regeneration following injury, and enhances mitochondrial bioenergetics at the distal axon. Prospective human studies are limited in scale but suggest exercise to improve cutaneous nerve regenerative capacity, neuropathic pain, and task-specific functional performance measures of gait and balance. Like other heath behavioral interventions, the benefits of exercise are limited by patient adherence. CONCLUSION Exercise is an integrative therapy that potently reduces cellular inflammatory state and improves distal axonal oxidative metabolism to ameliorate features of neuropathy in metabolic syndrome. The intensity of exercise need not improve cardinal features of metabolic syndrome, including weight, glucose control, to exert beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robin L Marcus
- Department Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, UT, United States
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25
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Al-Saoudi E, Christensen MMB, Nawroth P, Fleming T, Hommel EE, Jørgensen ME, Fleischer J, Hansen CS. Advanced glycation end-products are associated with diabetic neuropathy in young adults with type 1 diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:891442. [PMID: 36303871 PMCID: PMC9592972 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.891442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) may contribute to the development of diabetic neuropathy. In young adults with type 1 diabetes, we aimed to investigate the association between AGEs and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) and distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSPN). METHODS This cross-sectional study comprised 151 young adults. CAN was assessed by cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests; lying-to-standing test, deep breathing test (E/I), Valsalva manoeuvre, and heart rate variability indices; and the mean square of the sum of the squares of differences between consecutive R-R intervals and standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN), high- (HF) and low-frequency (LF) power, total frequency power, and the LF/HF ratio. DSPN was assessed by light touch, pain and vibration perception threshold (VPT), neuropathy questionnaires, and objective measures. AGEs were analysed in four groups using z-scores adjusted for relevant confounders and multiple testing: i) "glycolytic dysfunction", ii) "lipid peroxidation", iii) "oxidative stress", and iv) "glucotoxicity". RESULTS A higher z-score of "glycolytic dysfunction" was associated with higher VPT (4.14% (95% CI 1.31; 7.04), p = 0.004) and E/I (0.03% (95% CI 0.01; 0.05), p = 0.005), "lipid peroxidation" was associated with higher LF/HF ratio (37.72% (95% CI 1.12; 87.57), p = 0.044), and "glucotoxicity" was associated with lower SDNN (-4.20% (95% CI -8.1416; -0.0896), p = 0.047). No significance remained after adjustment for multiple testing. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATIONS In young adults with type 1 diabetes, increased levels of AGEs involving different metabolic pathways were associated with several measures of CAN and DSPN, suggesting that AGEs may play a diverse role in the pathogeneses of diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaf Al-Saoudi
- Department of Complication Research , Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Elaf Al-Saoudi,
| | | | - Peter Nawroth
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC) Translational Diabetes Programm, Helmholtz-Zentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Fleming
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Marit E. Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Greenland, Nuuk, Greenland
| | | | - Christian S. Hansen
- Department of Complication Research , Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
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26
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Cortizo FG, Pfaff D, Wirth A, Schlotterer A, Medert R, Morgenstern J, Weber T, Hammes HP, Fleming T, Nawroth PP, Freichel M, Teleman AA. The activity of glyoxylase 1 is regulated by glucose-responsive phosphorylation on Tyr136. Mol Metab 2022; 55:101406. [PMID: 34838714 PMCID: PMC8715127 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Methylglyoxal (MG) is a highly reactive α-oxoaldehyde that glycates proteins. MG has been linked to the development of diabetic complications: MG is the major precursor of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), a risk marker for diabetic complications in humans. Furthermore, flies and fish with elevated MG develop insulin resistance, obesity, and hyperglycemia. MG is detoxified in large part through the glyoxalase system, whose rate-limiting enzyme is glyoxalase I (Glo1). Hence, we aimed to study how Glo1 activity is regulated. METHODS We studied the regulation and effect of post-translational modifications of Glo1 in tissue culture and in mouse models of diabetes. RESULTS We show that Glo1 activity is promoted by phosphorylation on Tyrosine 136 via multiple kinases. We find that Glo1 Y136 phosphorylation responds in a bimodal fashion to glucose levels, increasing in cell culture from 0 mM to 5 mM (physiological) glucose, and then decreasing at higher glucose concentrations, both in cell culture and in mouse models of hyperglycemia. CONCLUSIONS These data, together with published findings that elevated MG leads to hyperglycemia, suggest the existence of a deleterious positive feedback loop whereby hyperglycemia leads to reduced Glo1 activity, contributing to elevated MG levels, which in turn promote hyperglycemia. Hence, perturbations elevating either glucose or MG have the potential to start an auto-amplifying feedback loop contributing to diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Garcia Cortizo
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Pfaff
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angela Wirth
- Pharmakologisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Schlotterer
- 5th Medical Department, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rebekka Medert
- Pharmakologisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jakob Morgenstern
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Weber
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Hammes
- 5th Medical Department, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Fleming
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter Paul Nawroth
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Freichel
- Pharmakologisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aurelio A Teleman
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Corica D, Pepe G, Currò M, Aversa T, Tropeano A, Ientile R, Wasniewska M. Methods to investigate advanced glycation end-product and their application in clinical practice. Methods 2021; 203:90-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Olson LC, Redden JT, Schwartz Z, Cohen DJ, McClure MJ. Advanced Glycation End-Products in Skeletal Muscle Aging. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:bioengineering8110168. [PMID: 34821734 PMCID: PMC8614898 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8110168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced age causes skeletal muscle to undergo deleterious changes including muscle atrophy, fast-to-slow muscle fiber transition, and an increase in collagenous material that culminates in the age-dependent muscle wasting disease known as sarcopenia. Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) non-enzymatically accumulate on the muscular collagens in old age via the Maillard reaction, potentiating the accumulation of intramuscular collagen and stiffening the microenvironment through collagen cross-linking. This review contextualizes known aspects of skeletal muscle extracellular matrix (ECM) aging, especially the role of collagens and AGE cross-linking, and underpins the motor nerve’s role in this aging process. Specific directions for future research are also discussed, with the understudied role of AGEs in skeletal muscle aging highlighted. Despite more than a half century of research, the role that intramuscular collagen aggregation and cross-linking plays in sarcopenia is well accepted yet not well integrated with current knowledge of AGE’s effects on muscle physiology. Furthermore, the possible impact that motor nerve aging has on intramuscular cross-linking and muscular AGE levels is posited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas C. Olson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (L.C.O.); (J.T.R.); (Z.S.); (D.J.C.)
- Department of Gerontology, College of Health Professions, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - James T. Redden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (L.C.O.); (J.T.R.); (Z.S.); (D.J.C.)
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (L.C.O.); (J.T.R.); (Z.S.); (D.J.C.)
- Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - David J. Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (L.C.O.); (J.T.R.); (Z.S.); (D.J.C.)
| | - Michael J. McClure
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (L.C.O.); (J.T.R.); (Z.S.); (D.J.C.)
- Correspondence:
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29
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Advanced Glycation End Products: New Clinical and Molecular Perspectives. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147236. [PMID: 34299683 PMCID: PMC8306599 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered one of the most massive epidemics of the twenty-first century due to its high mortality rates caused mainly due to its complications; therefore, the early identification of such complications becomes a race against time to establish a prompt diagnosis. The research of complications of DM over the years has allowed the development of numerous alternatives for diagnosis. Among these emerge the quantification of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) given their increased levels due to chronic hyperglycemia, while also being related to the induction of different stress-associated cellular responses and proinflammatory mechanisms involved in the progression of chronic complications of DM. Additionally, the investigation for more valuable and safe techniques has led to developing a newer, noninvasive, and effective tool, termed skin fluorescence (SAF). Hence, this study aimed to establish an update about the molecular mechanisms induced by AGEs during the evolution of chronic complications of DM and describe the newer measurement techniques available, highlighting SAF as a possible tool to measure the risk of developing DM chronic complications.
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30
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Suh KS, Chon S, Jung WW, Choi EM. Protective effects of sciadopitysin against methylglyoxal-induced degeneration in neuronal SK-N-MC cells. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 42:274-284. [PMID: 34102705 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) causes metabolic dysfunction and neuronal cell damage. Methylglyoxal (MG) is a major glycating agent that reacts with basic residues present in proteins and promotes the formation of AGEs. Sciadopitysin, a type of biflavonoid, exerts protective effects against neuronal cell damage; however, the underlying mechanisms have not been studied. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of sciadopitysin against MG-mediated cytotoxicity in SK-N-MC neuroblastoma cells. Our results demonstrated that pretreatment of SK-N-MC cells with sciadopitysin improved the cell viability that was inhibited by MG and inhibited the apoptosis induced by MG. Sciadopitysin attenuated intracellular Ca2+ , NOX4 levels, oxidative stress, and MG-protein adduct levels, and increased nuclear Nrf2 and glyoxalase 1 levels in the presence of MG. These results suggest that sciadopitysin exerts neuroprotective effects against MG-induced death of human SK-N-MC cells via its antioxidative action. This study highlights sciadopitysin as a promising candidate for antioxidant therapy and designing natural drugs against AGE-induced neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Sik Suh
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Chon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woon Won Jung
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Cheongju University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Mi Choi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Vafadar Ghasemi L, Behnam Rassouli M, Matin MM, Mahdavi-Shahri N. Benfotiamine reduced collagen IV contents of sciatic nerve in hyperglycemic rats. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 20:21-30. [PMID: 34222057 PMCID: PMC8212243 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00666-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropathy as a common complication of hyperglycemia in diabetic patients is probably caused by metabolic and structural changes in extracellular matrix (ECM) of peripheral nerves. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of benfotiamine (BT) on the structural, biological and mechanical characteristics of rat sciatic nerve in hyperglycemic condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty eight adult male Wistar rats were assigned to 6 groups (n = 8): control (healthy rats with no treatment; C), positive control (healthy rats received BT treatment; B), negative control groups 1&2 (hyperglycemic rats kept for 4 and/or 8 weeks; 4WD and 8WD, respectively) and experimental groups 1&2 (hyperglycemic rats treated by daily oral gavage of 100 mg kg- 1 body weight BT for 4 and/or 8 weeks; 4WD + BT and 8WD + BT, respectively). Hyperglycemia was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of of streptozotocin (55 mg kg- 1 body weight). After a period of experimental period (4 and/or 8 weeks) rats were sacrificed and from each two segments (1 cm length) of left sciatic nerve were sampled. These samples were prepared for histological examinations (light and electron microscopy), collagen IV immunohistochemistry and strength tensile test. RESULTS In comparison to control groups, in 4WD and 8WD groups the amount of type IV collagen was increased, the structure of myelin sheath and nerve fibers were extensively altered and the tensile strength was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) while in 4WD + BT and 8WD + BT groups these abnormalities were attenuated. CONCLUSIONS It seems that BT treatment may rescue the sciatic nerve from the hyperglycemic-induced ECM structural abnormality. This beneficial advantage of BT is likely exerted through the modification of glucose metabolism pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Vafadar Ghasemi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Azadi Square, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Morteza Behnam Rassouli
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Azadi Square, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam M. Matin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Azadi Square, Mashhad, Iran
- Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Naser Mahdavi-Shahri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Azadi Square, Mashhad, Iran
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Salivary Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Stroke Patients: From Basic Research to Clinical Practice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5545330. [PMID: 33897941 PMCID: PMC8052150 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5545330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral stroke is a serious worldwide health problem, as can be seen by the global epidemic of the disease. In this disorder, when the blood flow is compromised by ruptures or blocked arteries, sudden death of neurons is observed as a result of a lack of oxygen and nutrients. Numerous severe problems and frequent complications also exist in stroke patients; therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new therapeutic, diagnostic, and prognostic methods for the disease. At present, the diagnosis of stroke is based on a neurological examination, medical history, and neuroimaging, due to the fact that rapid and noninvasive diagnostic tests are unavailable. Nevertheless, oxidative stress and inflammation are considered key factors in stroke pathogenesis. Oxygen free radicals are responsible for oxidation of lipids, proteins, and DNA/RNA, which in turn contributes to oxidative damage of the brain. Toxic products of the oxidation reactions act cytostatically on the cell by damaging cell membranes and leading to neuronal death by apoptosis or necrosis. Thus, it seems that redox/inflammatory biomarkers might be used in the diagnosis of the disease. Nowadays, saliva is of increasing interest in clinical laboratory medicine. Redox biomarkers could be obtained easily, noninvasively, cheaply, and stress-free from saliva. This minireview is aimed at presenting the current knowledge concerning the use of salivary biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation in the diagnosis and prognosis of stroke.
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Duan W, Zi T, Zhao Y, Shan R, Wu H, Sun H, Tian Z, Wang J, Liu L, Zhang Y, Li Y, Sun C. Extent reflecting overall dietary amino acids composition adherence to the human requirement amino acids pattern is associated with the development of type 2 diabetes. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:10141-10157. [PMID: 33819181 PMCID: PMC8064212 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate whether dietary amino acids (AAs) composition is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to investigate how serum AAs profiles mediated this association. Two prospective cohorts of 1750 and 4024 adults were enrolled. Dietary AAs compositions index (AACI) was developed to reflect the overall quality of dietary AAs composition. Multivariate linear regression and logistic regression models were used to examine associations of AACI and T2DM. The AACI was associated with the incidence of T2DM with the relative risk and 95%CI from the bottom to the top tertiles being 1.00, 1.49 (0.88-2.51) and 2.27 (1.20-4.28), and 1.00, 1.58 (1.13-2.19) and 2.33 (1.56-3.47) in the two cohorts, respectively. The AACI was positively associated with serum valine, isoleucine, glutamic acid and phenylalanine, and it was negatively associated with serum glycine and histidine in both cohorts (P<0.01). Valine, glutamic acid and histidine consistently and partially mediated the association between the AACI and T2DM in the two cohorts, with total mediation effects of 33.4% and 54.6%, respectively. Dietary AAs composition was associated with the incidence of T2DM, meanwhile, the relationship was mediated by some degree of serum AAs. Future dietary strategies should focus on the improvement of the overall quality of dietary AAs compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Duan
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tianqi Zi
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanhe Zhao
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ruiqi Shan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Huanyu Wu
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hu Sun
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhen Tian
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiemei Wang
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Liyan Liu
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuntao Zhang
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Li
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Changhao Sun
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Recent Advances in Biomarkers and Regenerative Medicine for Diabetic Neuropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052301. [PMID: 33669048 PMCID: PMC7956542 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy is one of the most common complications of diabetes. This complication is peripheral neuropathy with predominant sensory impairment, and its symptoms begin with hyperesthesia and pain and gradually become hypoesthesia with the loss of nerve fibers. In some cases, lower limb amputation occurs when hypoalgesia makes it impossible to be aware of trauma or mechanical stimuli. On the other hand, up to 50% of these complications are asymptomatic and tend to delay early detection. Therefore, sensitive and reliable biomarkers for diabetic neuropathy are needed for an early diagnosis of this condition. This review focuses on systemic biomarkers that may be useful at this time. It also describes research on the relationship between target gene polymorphisms and pathological conditions. Finally, we also introduce current information on regenerative therapy, which is expected to be a therapeutic approach when the pathological condition has progressed and nerve degeneration has been completed.
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Abstract
Neuropathy is a common complication of long-term diabetes that impairs quality of life by producing pain, sensory loss and limb amputation. The presence of neuropathy in both insulin-deficient (type 1) and insulin resistant (type 2) diabetes along with the slowing of progression of neuropathy by improved glycemic control in type 1 diabetes has caused the majority of preclinical and clinical investigations to focus on hyperglycemia as the initiating pathogenic lesion. Studies in animal models of diabetes have identified multiple plausible mechanisms of glucotoxicity to the nervous system including post-translational modification of proteins by glucose and increased glucose metabolism by aldose reductase, glycolysis and other catabolic pathways. However, it is becoming increasingly apparent that factors not necessarily downstream of hyperglycemia can also contribute to the incidence, progression and severity of neuropathy and neuropathic pain. For example, peripheral nerve contains insulin receptors that transduce the neurotrophic and neurosupportive properties of insulin, independent of systemic glucose regulation, while the detection of neuropathy and neuropathic pain in patients with metabolic syndrome and failure of improved glycemic control to protect against neuropathy in cohorts of type 2 diabetic patients has placed a focus on the pathogenic role of dyslipidemia. This review provides an overview of current understanding of potential initiating lesions for diabetic neuropathy and the multiple downstream mechanisms identified in cell and animal models of diabetes that may contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy and neuropathic pain.
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36
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De Gregorio C, Ezquer F. Sensory neuron cultures derived from adult db/db mice as a simplified model to study type-2 diabetes-associated axonal regeneration defects. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:dmm.046334. [PMID: 33262160 PMCID: PMC7847260 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.046334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is an early common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), leading to chronic pain, sensory loss and muscle atrophy. Owing to its multifactorial etiology, neuron in vitro cultures have been proposed as simplified systems for DN studies. However, the most used models currently available do not recreate the chronic and systemic damage suffered by peripheral neurons of type-2 DM (T2DM) individuals. Here, we cultured neurons derived from dorsal root ganglia from 6-month-old diabetic db/db-mice, and evaluated their morphology by the Sholl method as an easy-to-analyze readout of neuronal function. We showed that neurons obtained from diabetic mice exhibited neuritic regeneration defects in basal culture conditions, compared to neurons from non-diabetic mice. Next, we evaluated the morphological response to common neuritogenic factors, including nerve growth factor NGF and Laminin-1 (also called Laminin-111). Neurons derived from diabetic mice exhibited reduced regenerative responses to these factors compared to neurons from non-diabetic mice. Finally, we analyzed the neuronal response to a putative DN therapy based on the secretome of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Neurons from diabetic mice treated with the MSC secretome displayed a significant improvement in neuritic regeneration, but still reduced when compared to neurons derived from non-diabetic mice. This in vitro model recapitulates many alterations observed in sensory neurons of T2DM individuals, suggesting the possibility of studying neuronal functions without the need of adding additional toxic factors to culture plates. This model may be useful for evaluating intrinsic neuronal responses in a cell-autonomous manner, and as a throughput screening for the pre-evaluation of new therapies for DN. Summary: Morphological characterization of a model for evaluating neuritic regeneration in vitro in dorsal root ganglion primary neurons derived from type-2 diabetic mice with an advanced stage of diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian De Gregorio
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, 7690000 Chile
| | - Fernando Ezquer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, 7690000 Chile
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37
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Didangelos T, Veves A. Treatment of Diabetic Cardiovascular Autonomic, Peripheral and Painful Neuropathy. Focus on the Treatment of Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy with ACE Inhibitors. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2020; 18:158-171. [PMID: 31109280 DOI: 10.2174/1570161117666190521101342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathies of the peripheral and autonomic nervous systems affect up to half of all people with diabetes mellitus, and are major risk factors for foot ulceration, amputation and cardiovascular dysfunction. Peripheral neuropathies manifest with either painful or painless symptoms, but many patients experience both. Once diagnosed appropriately, painful diabetic neuropathy management presents a unique challenge for physicians and should be considered as a syndrome, clinically distinct from diabetic peripheral neuropathy. The aetiology is multifactorial: metabolic changes in diabetes may directly affect neural tissue and neurodegenerative changes are precipitated by compromised nerve vascular supply. Metabolic changes include the elevated polyol pathway activity, the increased oxidative stress, the formation of advanced glycation and lipoxidation end products, and various pro-inflammatory changes. These mechanisms work in combination and interact in a mutually facilitatory fashion. This review focuses on the current therapies for the management of peripheral and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy and of painful neuropathy as a distinct entity, based on the current knowledge of diabetic neuropathy. Moreover, the role of ACE inhibition has been explored in the treatment of Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triantafyllos Didangelos
- Diabetes Center, 1st Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, ''AHEPA'' Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aristidis Veves
- Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, The Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
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38
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Suzuki A, Yabu A, Nakamura H. Advanced glycation end products in musculoskeletal system and disorders. Methods 2020; 203:179-186. [PMID: 32987130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2020.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human population is ageing globally, and the number of old people is increasing yearly. Diabetes is common in the elderly, and the number of diabetic patients is also increasing. Elderly and diabetic patients often have musculoskeletal disorder, which are associated with advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs are heterogeneous molecules derived from non-enzymatic products of the reaction of glucose or other sugar derivatives with proteins or lipids, and many different types of AGEs have been identified. AGEs are a biomarker for ageing and for evaluating disease conditions. Fluorescence, spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, chromatography, and immunological methods are commonly used to measure AGEs, but there is no standardized evaluation method because of the heterogeneity of AGEs. The formation of AGEs is irreversible, and they accumulate in tissue, eventually causing damage. AGE accumulation has been confirmed in neuromusculoskeletal tissues, including bones, cartilage, muscles, tendons, ligaments, and nerves, where they adversely affect biomechanical properties by causing charge changes and forming cross-linkages. AGEs also bind to receptors, such as the receptor for AGEs (RAGE), and induce inflammation by intracellular signal transduction. These mechanisms cause many varied aging and diabetes-related pathological conditions, such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, sarcopenia, tendinopathy, and neuropathy. Understanding of AGEs related pathomechanism may lead to develop novel methods for the prevention and therapy of such disorders which affect patients' quality of life. Herein, we critically review the current methodology used for detecting AGEs, and present potential mechanisms by which AGEs cause or exacerbate musculoskeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinobu Suzuki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
| | - Akito Yabu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nakamura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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39
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Mechanisms of small nerve fiber pathology. Neurosci Lett 2020; 737:135316. [PMID: 32828814 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Small fiber pathology is increasingly recognized as a potential contributor to neuropathic pain in different clinical syndromes, however, the underlying mechanisms leading to nociceptor sensitization and degeneration are unclear. With the diversity in clinical pain phenotypes and etiology of small fiber pathology, individual mechanisms are assumed, but are not yet fully understood. The thinly-myelinated Aδ- and unmyelinated C-nerve fibers are mainly affected and clinically require special small fiber test methods to capture functional, morphological, and electrophysiological alterations. Several methods have been established and implemented in clinical practice in the last years. In parallel, experimental and in vitro test systems have been developed allowing important insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying nociceptor sensitization and degeneration as main hallmarks of small fiber pathology. In our narrative review, we focus on these methods and current knowledge, and provide a synopsis of the achievements made so far in this exciting field.
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40
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Chen T, Dong J, Zhou H, Deng X, Li R, Chen N, Luo M, Li Y, Wu J, Wang L. Glycation of fibronectin inhibits VEGF-induced angiogenesis by uncoupling VEGF receptor-2-c-Src crosstalk. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:9154-9164. [PMID: 32613750 PMCID: PMC7417727 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycation of extracellular matrix proteins has been demonstrated to contribute to the pathogenesis of vascular complications. However, no previous report has shown the role of glycated fibronectin (FN) in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐induced angiogenesis. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of glycated FN on VEGF signalling and to clarify the molecular mechanisms involved. FN was incubated with methylglyoxal (MGO) in vitro to synthesize glycated FN, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were seeded onto unmodified and MGO‐glycated FN. Then, VEGF‐induced angiogenesis and VEGF‐induced VEGF receptor‐2 (VEGFR‐2) signalling activation were measured. The results demonstrated that normal FN‐positive bands (260 kD) vanished and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) appeared in MGO‐glycated FN and glycated FN clearly changed to a higher molecular mass. The glycation of FN inhibited VEGF‐induced VEGF receptor‐2 (VEGFR‐2), Akt and ERK1/2 activation and VEGF‐induced cell migration, proliferation and tube formation. The glycation of FN also inhibited the recruitment of c‐Src to VEGFR‐2 by sequestering c‐Src through receptor for AGEs (RAGE) and the anti‐RAGE antibody restored VEGF‐induced VEGFR‐2, Akt and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, endothelial cell migration, proliferation and tube formation. Furthermore, the glycation of FN significantly inhibited VEGF‐induced neovascularization in the Matrigel plugs implanted into subcutaneous tissue of mice. Taken together, these data suggest that the glycation of FN may inhibit VEGF signalling and VEGF‐induced angiogenesis by uncoupling VEGFR‐2‐c‐Src interaction. This may provide a novel mechanism for the impaired angiogenesis in diabetic ischaemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jinling Dong
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Department of Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Zhou
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Department of Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xin Deng
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Department of Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Rong Li
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Department of Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ni Chen
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Department of Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Mao Luo
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Department of Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yongjie Li
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Department of Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jianbo Wu
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Department of Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Liqun Wang
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Department of Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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41
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Sergi D, Boulestin H, Campbell FM, Williams LM. The Role of Dietary Advanced Glycation End Products in Metabolic Dysfunction. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 65:e1900934. [PMID: 32246887 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are a heterogeneous group of molecules produced, non-enzymatically, from the interaction between reducing sugars and the free amino groups of proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. AGEs are formed as a normal consequence of metabolism but can also be absorbed from the diet. They have been widely implicated in the complications of diabetes affecting cardiovascular health, the nervous system, eyes, and kidneys. Increased levels of AGEs are also detrimental to metabolic health and may contribute to the metabolic abnormalities induced by the Western diet, which is high in processed foods and represents a significant source of AGEs. While increased AGE levels are a consequence of diabetic hyperglycaemia, AGEs themselves activate signaling pathways, which compromise insulin signaling and pancreatic β-cell function, thus, contributing to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Furthermore, AGEs may also contribute to the obesogenic effects of the Western diet by promoting hypothalamic inflammation and disrupting the central control of energy balance. Here, the role of dietary AGEs in metabolic dysfunction is reviewed with a focus on the mechanisms underpinning their detrimental role in insulin resistance, pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, hypothalamic control of energy balance, and the pathogenesis of T2DM and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Sergi
- Nutrition and Health Substantiation Group, Nutrition and Health Program, Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Hakim Boulestin
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Fiona M Campbell
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Lynda M Williams
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
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42
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Haque E, Kamil M, Hasan A, Irfan S, Sheikh S, Khatoon A, Nazir A, Mir SS. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), protein aggregation and their cross talk: new insight in tumorigenesis. Glycobiology 2020; 30:49-57. [PMID: 31508802 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwz073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein glycation and protein aggregation are two distinct phenomena being observed in cancer cells as factors promoting cancer cell viability. Protein aggregation is an abnormal interaction between proteins caused as a result of structural changes in them after any mutation or environmental assault. Protein aggregation is usually associated with neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, but of late, research findings have shown its association with the development of different cancers like lung, breast and ovarian cancer. On the contrary, protein glycation is a cascade of irreversible nonenzymatic reaction of reducing sugar with the amino group of the protein resulting in the modification of protein structure and formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). These AGEs are reported to obstruct the normal function of proteins. Lately, it has been reported that protein aggregation occurs as a result of AGEs. This aggregation of protein promotes the transformation of healthy cells to neoplasia leading to tumorigenesis. In this review, we underline the current knowledge of protein aggregation and glycation along with the cross talk between the two, which may eventually lead to the development of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ejazul Haque
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026, India.,Department of Immunology and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Split, Soltanskaul. 2, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Mohd Kamil
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026, India.,Department of Immunology and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Split, Soltanskaul. 2, 21000, Split, Croatia.,Department of Microbiology, Beykoz Life Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (BILSAB), Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Adria Hasan
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026, India
| | - Safia Irfan
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026, India
| | - Saba Sheikh
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026, India
| | - Aisha Khatoon
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026, India
| | - Aamir Nazir
- Division of Neuroscience and Ageing Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Snober S Mir
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026, India
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Neuroprotective Effect of Salvianolic Acid A against Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy through Modulation of Nrf2. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6431459. [PMID: 32184918 PMCID: PMC7063195 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6431459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been recognized as the contributor to diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Antioxidant strategies have been most widely explored; nevertheless, whether antioxidants alone prevent DPN still remains inconclusive. In the present study, we established an in vitro DPN cell model for drug screening using Schwann RSC96 cells under high glucose (HG) stimulation, and we found that salvianolic acid A (SalA) mitigated HG-induced injury evidenced by cell viability and myelination. Mechanistically, SalA exhibited strong antioxidative effects by inhibiting 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) content, as well as upregulating antioxidative enzyme mRNA expression. In addition, SalA significantly extenuated neuroinflammation with downregulated inflammatory factor mRNA expression. Furthermore, SalA improved the mitochondrial function of HG-injured Schwann cells by scavenging mitochondrial ROS, decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and enhancing ATP production, as well as upregulating oxidative phosphorylation gene expression. More importantly, we identified nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) as the upstream regulator which mediated protective effects of SalA on DPN. SalA directly bound to the Kelch domain of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and thus disrupted the interaction of Nrf2 and Keap1 predicted by LibDock of Discovery Studio. Additionally, SalA significantly inhibited Nrf2 promoter activity and downregulated Nrf2 mRNA expression but without affecting Nrf2 protein expression. Interestingly, SalA upregulated the nuclear Nrf2 expression and promoted Nrf2 nuclear translocation by high content screening assay, which was confirmed to be involved in its antiglucotoxicity effect by the knockdown of Nrf2 in RSC96 cells. In KK-Ay mice, we demonstrated that SalA could effectively improve the abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism and significantly protect against DPN by increasing the mechanical withdrawal threshold and sciatic nerve conduction velocity and restoring the ultrastructural impairment of the injured sciatic nerve induced by diabetes. Hence, SalA protected against DPN by antioxidative stress, attenuating neuroinflammation, and improving mitochondrial function via Nrf2. SalA may be prospective therapeutics for treating DPN.
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Ohno RI, Ichimaru K, Tanaka S, Sugawa H, Katsuta N, Sakake S, Tominaga YK, Ban I, Shirakawa JI, Yamaguchi Y, Ito E, Taniguchi N, Nagai R. Glucoselysine is derived from fructose and accumulates in the eye lens of diabetic rats. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:17326-17338. [PMID: 31594865 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged hyperglycemia generates advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), which are believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. In the present study, we developed a polyclonal antibody against fructose-modified proteins (Fru-P antibody) and identified its epitope as glucoselysine (GL) by NMR and LC-electrospray ionization (ESI)- quadrupole TOF (QTOF) analyses and evaluated its potential role in diabetes sequelae. Although the molecular weight of GL was identical to that of fructoselysine (FL), GL was distinguishable from FL because GL was resistant to acid hydrolysis, which converted all of the FLs to furosine. We also detected GL in vitro when reduced BSA was incubated with fructose for 1 day. However, when we incubated reduced BSA with glucose, galactose, or mannose for 14 days, we did not detect GL, suggesting that GL is dominantly generated from fructose. LC-ESI-MS/MS experiments with synthesized [13C6]GL indicated that the GL levels in the rat eye lens time-dependently increase after streptozotocin-induced diabetes. We observed a 31.3-fold increase in GL 8 weeks after the induction compared with nondiabetic rats, and Nϵ-(carboxymethyl)lysine and furosine increased by 1.7- and 21.5-fold, respectively, under the same condition. In contrast, sorbitol in the lens levelled off at 2 weeks after diabetes induction. We conclude that GL may be a useful biological marker to monitor and elucidate the mechanism of protein degeneration during progression of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rei-Ichi Ohno
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Bioscience, Tokai University, 9-1-1 Toroku, Kumamoto, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto 862-0970, Japan
| | - Kenta Ichimaru
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 9-1-1 Toroku, Kumamoto, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto 862-0970, Japan
| | - Seitaro Tanaka
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 9-1-1 Toroku, Kumamoto, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto 862-0970, Japan
| | - Hikari Sugawa
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Bioscience, Tokai University, 9-1-1 Toroku, Kumamoto, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto 862-0970, Japan
| | - Nana Katsuta
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 9-1-1 Toroku, Kumamoto, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto 862-0970, Japan
| | - Shiori Sakake
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 9-1-1 Toroku, Kumamoto, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto 862-0970, Japan
| | - Yu-Ki Tominaga
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 9-1-1 Toroku, Kumamoto, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto 862-0970, Japan
| | - Ikuho Ban
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Department of Bioscience, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 9-1-1 Toroku, Kumamoto, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto 862-0970, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Shirakawa
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Department of Bioscience, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 9-1-1 Toroku, Kumamoto, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto 862-0970, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Physical Chemistry, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558, Japan
| | - Emi Ito
- Department of Diabetic Complications, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Taniguchi
- Department of Glyco-Oncology and Medical Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuoku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Ryoji Nagai
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Bioscience, Tokai University, 9-1-1 Toroku, Kumamoto, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto 862-0970, Japan .,Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 9-1-1 Toroku, Kumamoto, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto 862-0970, Japan.,Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Department of Bioscience, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 9-1-1 Toroku, Kumamoto, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto 862-0970, Japan
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of this review is to explore clinical associations between peripheral neuropathy and diabetic bone disease and to discuss how nerve dysfunction may contribute to dysregulation of bone metabolism, reduced bone quality, and fracture risk. RECENT FINDINGS Diabetic neuropathy can decrease peripheral sensation (sensory neuropathy), impair motor coordination (motor neuropathy), and increase postural hypotension (autonomic neuropathy). Together, this can impair overall balance and increase the risk for falls and fractures. In addition, the peripheral nervous system has the potential to regulate bone metabolism directly through the action of local neurotransmitters on bone cells and indirectly through neuroregulation of the skeletal vascular supply. This review critically evaluates existing evidence for diabetic peripheral neuropathy as a risk factor or direct actor on bone disease. In addition, we address therapeutic and experimental considerations to guide patient care and future research evaluating the emerging relationship between diabetic neuropathy and bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec T Beeve
- Department of Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, 6201 Forsyth Blvd, Saint Louis, MO, 63105, USA
| | - Jennifer M Brazill
- Department of Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Erica L Scheller
- Department of Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, 6201 Forsyth Blvd, Saint Louis, MO, 63105, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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Khoshnoodi M, Truelove S, Polydefkis M. Effect of diabetes type on long-term outcome of epidermal axon regeneration. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019; 6:2088-2096. [PMID: 31560176 PMCID: PMC6801164 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.50904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the effect of diabetes type on the long‐term rate and extent of epidermal nerve regeneration. Methods Subjects with well controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus (n = 11) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 36), with normal nerve conduction studies and baseline intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD), and healthy controls (n = 10) underwent chemical axotomy of the intraepidermal nerves at the thigh using topical capsaicin. Skin biopsies were performed at 30, 90, 150, and 180 days post‐axotomy. Results After 180 days, IENFD in diabetic subjects remained significantly below baseline levels, while healthy controls returned to normal. At each time point, regeneration rates were significantly slower among diabetic subjects, although type 1 subjects regenerated significantly faster and achieved higher percentages of baseline IENFD compared with type 2. Interpretation Among diabetic patients, nerve injury recovery is likely to take significantly longer than in healthy individuals, and remains incomplete, particularly among type 2 patients. This may partially explain the progression of neuropathy among diabetic patients: damage accumulates because nerve recovery is slowed and incomplete. Furthermore, these findings support caution when recommending certain procedures, such as carpal tunnel repair, to patients with progressed diabetic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaun Truelove
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Glycation-induced modification of tissue-specific ECM proteins: A pathophysiological mechanism in degenerative diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:129411. [PMID: 31400438 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycation driven generation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their patho-physiological role in human degenerative diseases has remained one of the thrust areas in the mainstream of disease biology. Glycation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins have deleterious effect on the mechanical and functional properties of tissues. Owing to the adverse pathophysiological concerns of glycation, there is a need to decipher the underlying mechanisms. SCOPE OF REVIEW AGE-modified ECM proteins affect the cell in the vicinity by altering protein structure-function, matrix-matrix or matrix-cell interaction and by activating signalling pathway through receptor for AGE. This review is intended for addressing the AGE-induced modification of tissue-specific ECM proteins and its implication in the pathogenesis of various organ-specific human ailments. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The glycation affects the canonical cell behaviour due to alteration in the interaction of glycated ECM with receptors like integrins and discodin domain, and the signalling cues generated subsequently affect the downstream signalling pathways. Consequently, the variation of structural and functional properties of tissues due to matrix glycation helps in the initiation or progression of the disease condition. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This review offers comprehensive knowledge about the remodelling of glycation induced ECM and tissue-specific pathological concerns. As glycation of ECM affects the normal tissues and cell behaviour, the scientific discourse may also provide cues for developing candidate drugs that may help in attenuating the adverse effects of AGEs and perhaps open a research window of tailoring novel strategies for the management of glycation induced human degenerative diseases.
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Rabbani N, Thornalley PJ. Hexokinase-2 Glycolytic Overload in Diabetes and Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2019; 30:419-431. [PMID: 31221272 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hexokinase-2 (HK2) was recently found to produce increased metabolic flux through glycolysis in hyperglycemia without concurrent transcriptional or other functional regulation. Rather, stabilization to proteolysis by increased glucose substrate binding produced unscheduled increased glucose metabolism in response to high cytosolic glucose concentration. This produces abnormal increases in glycolytic intermediates or glycolytic overload, driving cell dysfunction and vulnerability to the damaging effects of hyperglycemia in diabetes, explaining tissue-specific pathogenesis. Glycolytic overload is also activated in ischemia-reperfusion injury and cell senescence. A further key feature is HK2 displacement from mitochondria by increased glucose-6-phosphate concentration, inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. This pathogenic mechanism suggested new targets for therapeutics development that gave promising outcomes in initial clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Rabbani
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Paul J Thornalley
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar.
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Muramatsu D, Uchiyama H, Kida H, Iwai A. Cell cytotoxity and anti-glycation activity of taxifolin-rich extract from Japanese larch, Larix kaempferi. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02047. [PMID: 31338467 PMCID: PMC6627962 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The larches, the Larix genus of plants are known as a natural source of taxifolin (dihydroquercetin), and extracts of its taxifolin rich xylem are used in dietary supplements to maintain health. In the present study, to assess biological activities of a methanol extract of the Japanese larch, Larix kaempferi (LK-ME), the effects of LK-ME on cell viability, inflammatory cytokine expression, and glycation were investigated. The effects of taxifolin which is known to be a main compound of LK-ME, and its related flavonoids, quercetin and luteolin were also examined. The results show that taxifolin exhibits lower growth inhibition activity and lesser induction activity of inflammatory cytokines in a human monocyte derived cell line, THP-1 cells, while in vitro anti-glycation activities of taxifolin were inhibiting at comparable levels to those of quercetin and luteolin. The growth inhibition and the cytokine induction activities, and the anti-glycation effects of LK-ME are assumed to have properties similar to taxifolin. The results of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis indicated that taxifolin was detected as the main peak of LK-ME at the absorbance of 280 nm, and the concentration of taxifolin was measured as 3.12 mg/ml. The actual concentration of taxifolin in LK-ME is lower than the concentration estimated from the IC50 values calculated by the results of glycation assays, suggesting that other compounds contained in LK-ME are involved in the anti-glycation activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Muramatsu
- Aureo Science Co., Ltd., Hokudai Business Spring, North 21, West 12, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
- Aureo Co., Ltd., 54-1 Kazusakoito, Kimitsu, Chiba, 292-1149, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Uchiyama
- Aureo Science Co., Ltd., Hokudai Business Spring, North 21, West 12, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
- Aureo Co., Ltd., 54-1 Kazusakoito, Kimitsu, Chiba, 292-1149, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kida
- Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, North 20, West 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwai
- Aureo Science Co., Ltd., Hokudai Business Spring, North 21, West 12, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
- Aureo Co., Ltd., 54-1 Kazusakoito, Kimitsu, Chiba, 292-1149, Japan
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Zhang W, Zhao T, Zhao Y, Gui D, Xu Y. Advanced Glycation End Products in Chinese Medicine Mediated Aging Diseases: A Review. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2019; 18:322-333. [PMID: 31060489 DOI: 10.2174/1570161117666190507112157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Aging has become a worldwide problem. During this process, the incidence of related diseases such as diabetes and atherosclerosis increases dramatically. Studies within the most recent two decades suggest a pivotal role of Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) in the aging process. This review aims to systemically summarize the effects and potential mechanism of Chinese Medicines on inhibiting AGEs-related aging diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Zhang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yonghua Zhao
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao SAR, China.,Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Dingkun Gui
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Youhua Xu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
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