1
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Oger F, Bourouh C, Friano ME, Courty E, Rolland L, Gromada X, Moreno M, Carney C, Rabhi N, Durand E, Amanzougarene S, Berberian L, Derhourhi M, Blanc E, Hannou SA, Denechaud PD, Benfodda Z, Meffre P, Fajas L, Kerr-Conte J, Pattou F, Froguel P, Pourcet B, Bonnefond A, Collombat P, Annicotte JS. β-Cell-Specific E2f1 Deficiency Impairs Glucose Homeostasis, β-Cell Identity, and Insulin Secretion. Diabetes 2023; 72:1112-1126. [PMID: 37216637 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The loss of pancreatic β-cell identity has emerged as an important feature of type 2 diabetes development, but the molecular mechanisms are still elusive. Here, we explore the cell-autonomous role of the cell-cycle regulator and transcription factor E2F1 in the maintenance of β-cell identity, insulin secretion, and glucose homeostasis. We show that the β-cell-specific loss of E2f1 function in mice triggers glucose intolerance associated with defective insulin secretion, altered endocrine cell mass, downregulation of many β-cell genes, and concomitant increase of non-β-cell markers. Mechanistically, epigenomic profiling of the promoters of these non-β-cell upregulated genes identified an enrichment of bivalent H3K4me3/H3K27me3 or H3K27me3 marks. Conversely, promoters of downregulated genes were enriched in active chromatin H3K4me3 and H3K27ac histone marks. We find that specific E2f1 transcriptional, cistromic, and epigenomic signatures are associated with these β-cell dysfunctions, with E2F1 directly regulating several β-cell genes at the chromatin level. Finally, the pharmacological inhibition of E2F transcriptional activity in human islets also impairs insulin secretion and the expression of β-cell identity genes. Our data suggest that E2F1 is critical for maintaining β-cell identity and function through sustained control of β-cell and non-β-cell transcriptional programs. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS β-Cell-specific E2f1 deficiency in mice impairs glucose tolerance. Loss of E2f1 function alters the ratio of α- to β-cells but does not trigger β-cell conversion into α-cells. Pharmacological inhibition of E2F activity inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and alters β- and α-cell gene expression in human islets. E2F1 maintains β-cell function and identity through control of transcriptomic and epigenetic programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédérik Oger
- INSERM, U1283 - UMR8199 - European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Cyril Bourouh
- INSERM, U1283 - UMR8199 - European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Marika Elsa Friano
- INSERM, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Valrose, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Emilie Courty
- INSERM, U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Laure Rolland
- INSERM, U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Xavier Gromada
- INSERM, U1283 - UMR8199 - European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Maeva Moreno
- INSERM, U1283 - UMR8199 - European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Charlène Carney
- INSERM, U1283 - UMR8199 - European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Nabil Rabhi
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Emmanuelle Durand
- INSERM, U1283 - UMR8199 - European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Souhila Amanzougarene
- INSERM, U1283 - UMR8199 - European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Lionel Berberian
- INSERM, U1283 - UMR8199 - European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Mehdi Derhourhi
- INSERM, U1283 - UMR8199 - European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Etienne Blanc
- INSERM, U1283 - UMR8199 - European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Sarah Anissa Hannou
- INSERM, U1283 - UMR8199 - European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | | | | | | | - Lluis Fajas
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julie Kerr-Conte
- INSERM, U1190 - EGID, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - François Pattou
- INSERM, U1190 - EGID, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Froguel
- INSERM, U1283 - UMR8199 - European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
- Department of Metabolism, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Benoit Pourcet
- INSERM, U1011 - EGID, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Amélie Bonnefond
- INSERM, U1283 - UMR8199 - European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
- Department of Metabolism, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Patrick Collombat
- INSERM, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Valrose, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Jean-Sébastien Annicotte
- INSERM, U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
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2
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Shirakawa J, Togashi Y, Basile G, Okuyama T, Inoue R, Fernandez M, Kyohara M, De Jesus DF, Goto N, Zhang W, Tsuno T, Kin T, Pan H, Dreyfuss JM, Shapiro AJ, Yi P, Terauchi Y, Kulkarni RN. E2F1 transcription factor mediates a link between fat and islets to promote β cell proliferation in response to acute insulin resistance. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111436. [PMID: 36198264 PMCID: PMC9617565 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Prevention or amelioration of declining β cell mass is a potential strategy to cure diabetes. Here, we report the pathways utilized by β cells to robustly replicate in response to acute insulin resistance induced by S961, a pharmacological insulin receptor antagonist. Interestingly, pathways that include CENP-A and the transcription factor E2F1 that are independent of insulin signaling and its substrates appeared to mediate S961-induced β cell multiplication. Consistently, pharmacological inhibition of E2F1 blocks β-cell proliferation in S961-injected mice. Serum from S961-treated mice recapitulates replication of β cells in mouse and human islets in an E2F1-dependent manner. Co-culture of islets with adipocytes isolated from S961-treated mice enables β cells to duplicate, while E2F1 inhibition limits their growth even in the presence of adipocytes. These data suggest insulin resistance-induced proliferative signals from adipocytes activate E2F1, a potential therapeutic target, to promote β cell compensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shirakawa
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation (IMCR), Gunma University, Maebashi 3718512, Japan,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, Yokohama 2360004, Japan,Correspondence: (J.S.), (R.N.K.)
| | - Yu Togashi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, Yokohama 2360004, Japan
| | - Giorgio Basile
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Tomoko Okuyama
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, Yokohama 2360004, Japan
| | - Ryota Inoue
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation (IMCR), Gunma University, Maebashi 3718512, Japan
| | - Megan Fernandez
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mayu Kyohara
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, Yokohama 2360004, Japan
| | - Dario F. De Jesus
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Nozomi Goto
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, Yokohama 2360004, Japan
| | - Wei Zhang
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Takahiro Tsuno
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation (IMCR), Gunma University, Maebashi 3718512, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kin
- Clinical Islet Laboratory and Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Hui Pan
- Bioinformatics Core, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jonathan M. Dreyfuss
- Bioinformatics Core, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - A.M. James Shapiro
- Clinical Islet Laboratory and Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Peng Yi
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yasuo Terauchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, Yokohama 2360004, Japan
| | - Rohit N. Kulkarni
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Lead contact,Correspondence: (J.S.), (R.N.K.)
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3
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Melnik BC, Schmitz G. Milk Exosomal microRNAs: Postnatal Promoters of β Cell Proliferation but Potential Inducers of β Cell De-Differentiation in Adult Life. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911503. [PMID: 36232796 PMCID: PMC9569743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β cell expansion and functional maturation during the birth-to-weaning period is driven by epigenetic programs primarily triggered by growth factors, hormones, and nutrients provided by human milk. As shown recently, exosomes derived from various origins interact with β cells. This review elucidates the potential role of milk-derived exosomes (MEX) and their microRNAs (miRs) on pancreatic β cell programming during the postnatal period of lactation as well as during continuous cow milk exposure of adult humans to bovine MEX. Mechanistic evidence suggests that MEX miRs stimulate mTORC1/c-MYC-dependent postnatal β cell proliferation and glycolysis, but attenuate β cell differentiation, mitochondrial function, and insulin synthesis and secretion. MEX miR content is negatively affected by maternal obesity, gestational diabetes, psychological stress, caesarean delivery, and is completely absent in infant formula. Weaning-related disappearance of MEX miRs may be the critical event switching β cells from proliferation to TGF-β/AMPK-mediated cell differentiation, whereas continued exposure of adult humans to bovine MEX miRs via intake of pasteurized cow milk may reverse β cell differentiation, promoting β cell de-differentiation. Whereas MEX miR signaling supports postnatal β cell proliferation (diabetes prevention), persistent bovine MEX exposure after the lactation period may de-differentiate β cells back to the postnatal phenotype (diabetes induction).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C. Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-52-4198-8060
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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4
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Bourouh C, Courty E, Rolland L, Pasquetti G, Gromada X, Rabhi N, Carney C, Moreno M, Boutry R, Caron E, Benfodda Z, Meffre P, Kerr-Conte J, Pattou F, Froguel P, Bonnefond A, Oger F, Annicotte JS. The transcription factor E2F1 controls the GLP-1 receptor pathway in pancreatic β cells. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111170. [PMID: 35947949 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The glucagon-like peptide 1 (Glp-1) has emerged as a hormone with broad pharmacological potential in type 2 diabetes (T2D) treatment, notably by improving β cell functions. The cell-cycle regulator and transcription factor E2f1 is involved in glucose homeostasis by modulating β cell mass and function. Here, we report that β cell-specific genetic ablation of E2f1 (E2f1β-/-) impairs glucose homeostasis associated with decreased expression of the Glp-1 receptor (Glp1r) in E2f1β-/- pancreatic islets. Pharmacological inhibition of E2F1 transcriptional activity in nondiabetic human islets decreases GLP1R levels and blunts the incretin effect of GLP1R agonist exendin-4 (ex-4) on insulin secretion. Overexpressing E2f1 in pancreatic β cells increases Glp1r expression associated with enhanced insulin secretion mediated by ex-4. Interestingly, ex-4 induces retinoblastoma protein (pRb) phosphorylation and E2f1 transcriptional activity. Our findings reveal critical roles for E2f1 in β cell function and suggest molecular crosstalk between the E2F1/pRb and GLP1R signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Bourouh
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1283 - UMR 8199 - EGID, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Emilie Courty
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1283 - UMR 8199 - EGID, 59000 Lille, France; Université de Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Laure Rolland
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1283 - UMR 8199 - EGID, 59000 Lille, France; Université de Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Gianni Pasquetti
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1190 - EGID, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Xavier Gromada
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1283 - UMR 8199 - EGID, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Nabil Rabhi
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Charlène Carney
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1283 - UMR 8199 - EGID, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Maeva Moreno
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1283 - UMR 8199 - EGID, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Raphaël Boutry
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1283 - UMR 8199 - EGID, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Emilie Caron
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition - EGID - DISTALZ, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Zohra Benfodda
- Université de Nîmes, UPR CHROME, 30021 Nîmes Cedex 1, France
| | - Patrick Meffre
- Université de Nîmes, UPR CHROME, 30021 Nîmes Cedex 1, France
| | - Julie Kerr-Conte
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1190 - EGID, 59000 Lille, France
| | - François Pattou
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1190 - EGID, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1283 - UMR 8199 - EGID, 59000 Lille, France; Department of Metabolism, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Amélie Bonnefond
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1283 - UMR 8199 - EGID, 59000 Lille, France; Department of Metabolism, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Frédérik Oger
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1283 - UMR 8199 - EGID, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Jean-Sébastien Annicotte
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1283 - UMR 8199 - EGID, 59000 Lille, France; Université de Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, 59000 Lille, France.
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5
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Böni-Schnetzler M, Méreau H, Rachid L, Wiedemann SJ, Schulze F, Trimigliozzi K, Meier DT, Donath MY. IL-1beta promotes the age-associated decline of beta cell function. iScience 2021; 24:103250. [PMID: 34746709 PMCID: PMC8554531 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the prime risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes. We investigated the role of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) system on insulin secretion in aged mice. During aging, expression of the protective IL-1 receptor antagonist decreased in islets, whereas IL-1beta gene expression increased specifically in the CD45 + islet immune cell fraction. One-year-old mice with a whole-body knockout of IL-1beta had higher insulin secretion in vivo and in isolated islets, along with enhanced proliferation marker Ki67 and elevated size and number of islets. Myeloid cell-specific IL-1beta knockout preserved glucose-stimulated insulin secretion during aging, whereas it declined in control mice. Isolated islets from aged myeloIL-1beta ko mice secreted more insulin along with increased expression of Ins2, Kir6.2, and of the cell-cycle gene E2f1. IL-1beta treatment of isolated islets reduced E2f1, Ins2, and Kir6.2 expression in beta cells. We conclude that IL-1beta contributes the age-associated decline of beta cell function. Islets from aged mice have increased IL-1beta and decreased IL-1Ra expression Islet immune cells are the source of increased IL-1beta expression during aging Myeloid-cell-specific IL-1beta knockout preserves insulin secretion in aged mice IL-1beta targets genes regulating insulin secretion and proliferation during aging
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Böni-Schnetzler
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, Diabetes Research, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hélène Méreau
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, Diabetes Research, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Leila Rachid
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, Diabetes Research, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sophia J Wiedemann
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, Diabetes Research, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Friederike Schulze
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, Diabetes Research, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kelly Trimigliozzi
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, Diabetes Research, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel T Meier
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, Diabetes Research, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Y Donath
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, Diabetes Research, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
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6
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Simonett SP, Shin S, Herring JA, Bacher R, Smith LA, Dong C, Rabaglia ME, Stapleton DS, Schueler KL, Choi J, Bernstein MN, Turkewitz DR, Perez-Cervantes C, Spaeth J, Stein R, Tessem JS, Kendziorski C, Keleş S, Moskowitz IP, Keller MP, Attie AD. Identification of direct transcriptional targets of NFATC2 that promote β cell proliferation. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e144833. [PMID: 34491912 PMCID: PMC8553569 DOI: 10.1172/jci144833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor NFATC2 induces β cell proliferation in mouse and human islets. However, the genomic targets that mediate these effects have not been identified. We expressed active forms of Nfatc2 and Nfatc1 in human islets. By integrating changes in gene expression with genomic binding sites for NFATC2, we identified approximately 2200 transcriptional targets of NFATC2. Genes induced by NFATC2 were enriched for transcripts that regulate the cell cycle and for DNA motifs associated with the transcription factor FOXP. Islets from an endocrine-specific Foxp1, Foxp2, and Foxp4 triple-knockout mouse were less responsive to NFATC2-induced β cell proliferation, suggesting the FOXP family works to regulate β cell proliferation in concert with NFATC2. NFATC2 induced β cell proliferation in both mouse and human islets, whereas NFATC1 did so only in human islets. Exploiting this species difference, we identified approximately 250 direct transcriptional targets of NFAT in human islets. This gene set enriches for cell cycle-associated transcripts and includes Nr4a1. Deletion of Nr4a1 reduced the capacity of NFATC2 to induce β cell proliferation, suggesting that much of the effect of NFATC2 occurs through its induction of Nr4a1. Integration of noncoding RNA expression, chromatin accessibility, and NFATC2 binding sites enabled us to identify NFATC2-dependent enhancer loci that mediate β cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane P. Simonett
- Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sunyoung Shin
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Jacob A. Herring
- Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Rhonda Bacher
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Linsin A. Smith
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Chenyang Dong
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mary E. Rabaglia
- Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Donnie S. Stapleton
- Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kathryn L. Schueler
- Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jeea Choi
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Daniel R. Turkewitz
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Carlos Perez-Cervantes
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jason Spaeth
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Roland Stein
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jeffery S. Tessem
- Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Christina Kendziorski
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sündüz Keleş
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ivan P. Moskowitz
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mark P. Keller
- Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Alan D. Attie
- Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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7
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Liu J, Song G, Meng T, Zhao G, Si S. The effect of gestational diabetes on identification of key genes and pathways in human umbilical vein endothelial cell by integrated bioinformatics analysis. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2020; 41:881-887. [PMID: 33228420 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2020.1819211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Maternal diabetes may lead to long-term risks for the offspring. The study aims at identifying the potential crucial genes and pathways associated with foetal metabolism and malformation of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Gene Expression Series 49524 and 87295 were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database, including eight from GDM and eight from non-GDM. A total of 35 differentially expressed genes were identified. Gene ontology functional annotation and signalling pathway analyses were performed. Four hub genes were identified by protein-protein interaction network: SHH, E2F1, STAT1, and HOXA9. The four hub genes were assessed by western blot and real-time quantitative PCR in clinical samples. The results of this data mining and integration help to reveal the pathophysiologic and molecular mechanism imprinted in primary umbilical cord-derived cells from GDM offspring. These genes and pathways identified are potential stratification biomarkers and provide further insight for developing therapeutic intervention for the offspring of diabetic mothers.Impact statementWhat is already known on this subject? Maternal diabetes may lead to long-term risks for the offspring. A high glucose environment might change the umbilical cord expression of genes implicated in foetal metabolism and development. However, underlying molecular mechanisms have not been investigated thoroughly.What do the results of this study add? GO functional annotation showed that the biological functions of differentially expressed genes mainly involved in metanephros development, salivary gland morphogenesis, fat cell differentiation, vasculogenesis, muscle cell proliferation, heart morphogenesis and Wnt signalling pathway. Signalling pathway analyses found that these differentially expressed genes mainly implicated in the apoptosis, cell cycle, Hedgehog, P53, and NOTCH signalling pathway. Four hub genes were identified by protein-protein interaction network: SHH, E2F1, STAT1 and HOXA9.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? The genes and pathways identified in the present study are potential stratification biomarkers and provide further insight for developing therapeutic intervention for the offspring of diabetic mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guang Song
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tao Meng
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ge Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Si Si
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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8
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Beta Cell Physiological Dynamics and Dysfunctional Transitions in Response to Islet Inflammation in Obesity and Diabetes. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10110452. [PMID: 33182622 PMCID: PMC7697558 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10110452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta cells adapt their function to respond to fluctuating glucose concentrations and variable insulin demand. The highly specialized beta cells have well-established endoplasmic reticulum to handle their high metabolic load for insulin biosynthesis and secretion. Beta cell endoplasmic reticulum therefore recognize and remove misfolded proteins thereby limiting their accumulation. Beta cells function optimally when they sense glucose and, in response, biosynthesize and secrete sufficient insulin. Overnutrition drives the pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes, with adverse effects on beta cells. The interleukin signaling system maintains beta cell physiology and plays a role in beta cell inflammation. In pre-diabetes and compromised metabolic states such as obesity, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance, beta cells biosynthesize and secrete more insulin, i.e., hyperfunction. Obesity is entwined with inflammation, characterized by compensatory hyperinsulinemia, for a defined period, to normalize glycemia. However, with chronic hyperglycemia and diabetes, there is a perpetual high demand for insulin, and beta cells become exhausted resulting in insufficient insulin biosynthesis and secretion, i.e., they hypofunction in response to elevated glycemia. Therefore, beta cell hyperfunction progresses to hypofunction, and may progressively worsen towards failure. Preserving beta cell physiology, through healthy nutrition and lifestyles, and therapies that are aligned with beta cell functional transitions, is key for diabetes prevention and management.
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Bamodu O, Chao TY. Dissecting the functional pleiotropism of lysine demethylase 5B in physiology and pathology. JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/jcrp.jcrp_5_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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10
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Böni-Schnetzler M, Häuselmann SP, Dalmas E, Meier DT, Thienel C, Traub S, Schulze F, Steiger L, Dror E, Martin P, Herrera PL, Gabay C, Donath MY. β Cell-Specific Deletion of the IL-1 Receptor Antagonist Impairs β Cell Proliferation and Insulin Secretion. Cell Rep 2019; 22:1774-1786. [PMID: 29444430 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) is elevated in the circulation during obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) but is decreased in islets from patients with T2D. The protective role of local IL-1Ra was investigated in pancreatic islet β cell (βIL-1Ra)-specific versus myeloid-cell (myeloIL-1Ra)-specific IL-1Ra knockout (KO) mice. Deletion of IL-1Ra in β cells, but not in myeloid cells, resulted in diminished islet IL-1Ra expression. Myeloid cells were not the main source of circulating IL-1Ra in obesity. βIL-1Ra KO mice had impaired insulin secretion, reduced β cell proliferation, and decreased expression of islet proliferation genes, along with impaired glucose tolerance. The key cell-cycle regulator E2F1 partly reversed IL-1β-mediated inhibition of potassium channel Kir6.2 expression and rescued impaired insulin secretion in IL-1Ra knockout islets. Our findings provide evidence for the importance of β cell-derived IL-1Ra for the local defense of β cells to maintain normal function and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Böni-Schnetzler
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Stéphanie P Häuselmann
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elise Dalmas
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel T Meier
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Constanze Thienel
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Shuyang Traub
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Friederike Schulze
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laura Steiger
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Erez Dror
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Praxedis Martin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Médical Universitaire, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Pedro L Herrera
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Centre Facultaire du Diabète, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cem Gabay
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Médical Universitaire, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Marc Y Donath
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
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11
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Shi X, Ma D, Li M, Zeng L, Chen J, Yang Y. Nuclear receptor TLX regulates islet beta cell proliferation via E2F6. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 513:560-566. [PMID: 30981507 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes are associated with loss of functional beta cell mass, and strategies to restore beta cells are urgently needed. We reported previously that overexpression of the nuclear receptor TLX induces beta cell proliferation, but the underlying molecular mechanism has not been defined. Here, we identified direct targets of TLX in beta cells at the genome-wide level by ChIP-Seq. These targets include a cadre of regulators that are known to be critical for proliferation. Among these ChIP targets, E2F6 was tightly associated with the cell cycle modules, and thus, we further analyzed E2F6 expression and function in beta cells. We showed that E2F6 is strongly downregulated by TLX, and its expression inhibits beta cell proliferation. Moreover, coexpression of E2F6 with TLX partially abrogated the proliferative effects of TLX. These results strongly suggest that TLX acts through E2F6 to regulate beta cell proliferation. Together, the results of this study reveal a direct interaction between TLX and E2F6 and suggest new targets for the expansion of functional beta cell mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China
| | - Delin Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China
| | - Mengni Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China
| | - Liwen Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology, Taikang Tongji(Wuhan) Hospital, PR China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Taikang Tongji(Wuhan) Hospital, PR China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China.
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12
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Sanchez-Parra C, Jacovetti C, Dumortier O, Lee K, Peyot ML, Guay C, Prentki M, Laybutt DR, Van Obberghen E, Regazzi R. Contribution of the Long Noncoding RNA H19 to β-Cell Mass Expansion in Neonatal and Adult Rodents. Diabetes 2018; 67:2254-2267. [PMID: 30115652 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cell expansion throughout the neonatal period is essential to generate the appropriate mass of insulin-secreting cells required to maintain blood glucose homeostasis later in life. Hence, defects in this process can predispose to diabetes development during adulthood. Global profiling of transcripts in pancreatic islets of newborn and adult rats revealed that the transcription factor E2F1 controls expression of the long noncoding RNA H19, which is profoundly downregulated during the postnatal period. H19 silencing decreased β-cell expansion in newborns, whereas its re-expression promoted proliferation of β-cells in adults via a mechanism involving the microRNA let-7 and the activation of Akt. The offspring of rats fed a low-protein diet during gestation and lactation display a small β-cell mass and an increased risk of developing diabetes during adulthood. We found that the islets of newborn rats born to dams fed a low-protein diet express lower levels of H19 than those born to dams that did not eat a low-protein diet. Moreover, we observed that H19 expression increases in islets of obese mice under conditions of increased insulin demand. Our data suggest that the long noncoding RNA H19 plays an important role in postnatal β-cell mass expansion in rats and contributes to the mechanisms compensating for insulin resistance in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Sanchez-Parra
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cécile Jacovetti
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Dumortier
- University Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice, France
| | - Kailun Lee
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marie-Line Peyot
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Claudiane Guay
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marc Prentki
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - D Ross Laybutt
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emmanuel Van Obberghen
- University Côte d'Azur, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, INSERM, CNRS, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice, France
| | - Romano Regazzi
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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13
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Billiard F, Karaliota S, Wang B, Stellas D, Serafimidis I, Manousopoulou A, Koutmani Y, Ninou E, Golubov J, DaNave A, Tsakanikas P, Xin Y, Zhang W, Sleeman M, Yancopoulos GD, Murphy AJ, Garbis SD, Karalis K, Skokos D. Delta-like Ligand-4-Notch Signaling Inhibition Regulates Pancreatic Islet Function and Insulin Secretion. Cell Rep 2018; 22:895-904. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.12.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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14
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Draney C, Hobson AE, Grover SG, Jack BO, Tessem JS. Cdk5r1 Overexpression Induces Primary β-Cell Proliferation. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:6375804. [PMID: 26788519 PMCID: PMC4691621 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6375804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Decreased β-cell mass is a hallmark of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Islet transplantation as a method of diabetes therapy is hampered by the paucity of transplant ready islets. Understanding the pathways controlling islet proliferation may be used to increase functional β-cell mass through transplantation or by enhanced growth of endogenous β-cells. We have shown that the transcription factor Nkx6.1 induces β-cell proliferation by upregulating the orphan nuclear hormone receptors Nr4a1 and Nr4a3. Using expression analysis to define Nkx6.1-independent mechanisms by which Nr4a1 and Nr4a3 induce β-cell proliferation, we demonstrated that cyclin-dependent kinase 5 regulatory subunit 1 (Cdk5r1) is upregulated by Nr4a1 and Nr4a3 but not by Nkx6.1. Overexpression of Cdk5r1 is sufficient to induce primary rat β-cell proliferation while maintaining glucose stimulated insulin secretion. Overexpression of Cdk5r1 in β-cells confers protection against apoptosis induced by etoposide and thapsigargin, but not camptothecin. The Cdk5 kinase complex inhibitor roscovitine blocks islet proliferation, suggesting that Cdk5r1 mediated β-cell proliferation is a kinase dependent event. Overexpression of Cdk5r1 results in pRb phosphorylation, which is inhibited by roscovitine treatment. These data demonstrate that activation of the Cdk5 kinase complex is sufficient to induce β-cell proliferation while maintaining glucose stimulated insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Draney
- Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science Department, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Amanda E. Hobson
- Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science Department, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Samuel G. Grover
- Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science Department, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Benjamin O. Jack
- Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science Department, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Jeffery S. Tessem
- Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science Department, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
- *Jeffery S. Tessem:
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15
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Yuchi Y, Cai Y, Legein B, De Groef S, Leuckx G, Coppens V, Van Overmeire E, Staels W, De Leu N, Martens G, Van Ginderachter JA, Heimberg H, Van de Casteele M. Estrogen Receptor α Regulates β-Cell Formation During Pancreas Development and Following Injury. Diabetes 2015; 64:3218-28. [PMID: 26015547 DOI: 10.2337/db14-1798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Identifying pathways for β-cell generation is essential for cell therapy in diabetes. We investigated the potential of 17β-estradiol (E2) and estrogen receptor (ER) signaling for stimulating β-cell generation during embryonic development and in the severely injured adult pancreas. E2 concentration, ER activity, and number of ERα transcripts were enhanced in the pancreas injured by partial duct ligation (PDL) along with nuclear localization of ERα in β-cells. PDL-induced proliferation of β-cells depended on aromatase activity. The activation of Neurogenin3 (Ngn3) gene expression and β-cell growth in PDL pancreas were impaired when ERα was turned off chemically or genetically (ERα(-/-)), whereas in situ delivery of E2 promoted β-cell formation. In the embryonic pancreas, β-cell replication, number of Ngn3(+) progenitor cells, and expression of key transcription factors of the endocrine lineage were decreased by ERα inactivation. The current study reveals that E2 and ERα signaling can drive β-cell replication and formation in mouse pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixing Yuchi
- Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ying Cai
- Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bart Legein
- Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sofie De Groef
- Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gunter Leuckx
- Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Violette Coppens
- Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eva Van Overmeire
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Brussels, Belgium Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Willem Staels
- Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nico De Leu
- Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium Department of Endocrinology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Geert Martens
- Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jo A Van Ginderachter
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Brussels, Belgium Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Harry Heimberg
- Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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16
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Wu J, Yang X, Chen B, Xu X. Pancreas β cell regeneration and type 1 diabetes (Review). Exp Ther Med 2014; 9:653-657. [PMID: 25667609 PMCID: PMC4316911 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.2163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, which may cause hyperglycemia and a number of complications, mostly results from a deficiency of β cell mass (type 1 diabetes) or a limitation of β cell function (type 2 diabetes). Currently, enhancing β cell regeneration and increasing cell proliferation have not only been described in experimental diabetes models, but have also been proven to improve outcomes for patients with diabetes. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms controlling the development and regeneration of β cells in the human pancreas may be helpful for the treatment of β cell-deficient disease. In this review, we first introduce the various cell types in the adult pancreas and thereby clarify their functions and origins. Then, the known mechanisms of β cell development and expansion in the normal human pancreas are described. The potential mechanisms of β cell regeneration, including β cell self-replication, neogenesis from non-β cell precursors and transdifferentiation from α cells, are discussed in the next part. Finally, the ability of the pancreas to regenerate mature β cells is explored in pathological conditions, including type 1 diabetes, chronic pancreatitis and persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiao Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Army General Hospital, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Xiyan Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Army General Hospital, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Xiuping Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Army General Hospital, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
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17
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Cai EP, Luk CT, Wu X, Schroer SA, Shi SY, Sivasubramaniyam T, Brunt JJ, Zacksenhaus E, Woo M. Rb and p107 are required for alpha cell survival, beta cell cycle control and glucagon-like peptide-1 action. Diabetologia 2014; 57:2555-65. [PMID: 25249236 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3381-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Diabetes mellitus is characterised by beta cell loss and alpha cell expansion. Analogues of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) are used therapeutically to antagonise these processes; thus, we hypothesised that the related cell cycle regulators retinoblastoma protein (Rb) and p107 were involved in GLP-1 action. METHODS We used small interfering RNA and adenoviruses to manipulate Rb and p107 expression in insulinoma and alpha-TC cell lines. In vivo we examined pancreas-specific Rb knockout, whole-body p107 knockout and Rb/p107 double-knockout mice. RESULTS Rb, but not p107, was downregulated in response to the GLP-1 analogue, exendin-4, in both alpha and beta cells. Intriguingly, this resulted in opposite outcomes of cell cycle arrest in alpha cells but proliferation in beta cells. Overexpression of Rb in alpha and beta cells abolished or attenuated the effects of exendin-4 supporting the important role of Rb in GLP-1 modulation of cell cycling. Similarly, in vivo, Rb, but not p107, deficiency was required for the beta cell proliferative response to exendin-4. Consistent with this finding, Rb, but not p107, was suppressed in islets from humans with diabetes, suggesting the importance of Rb regulation for the compensatory proliferation that occurs under insulin resistant conditions. Finally, while p107 alone did not have an essential role in islet homeostasis, when combined with Rb deletion, its absence potentiated apoptosis of both alpha and beta cells resulting in glucose intolerance and diminished islet mass with ageing. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We found a central role of Rb in the dual effects of GLP-1 in alpha and beta cells. Our findings highlight unique contributions of individual Rb family members to islet cell proliferation and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica P Cai
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 101 College Street, MaRS Centre/TMDT, Room 10-363, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
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18
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Rady B, Chen Y, Vaca P, Wang Q, Wang Y, Salmon P, Oberholzer J. Overexpression ofE2F3promotes proliferation of functional human β cells without induction of apoptosis. Cell Cycle 2014; 12:2691-702. [DOI: 10.4161/cc.25834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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19
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Cai Y, Yuchi Y, De Groef S, Coppens V, Leuckx G, Baeyens L, Van de Casteele M, Heimberg H. IL-6-dependent proliferation of alpha cells in mice with partial pancreatic-duct ligation. Diabetologia 2014; 57:1420-7. [PMID: 24759958 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3242-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS IL-6 was recently shown to control alpha cell expansion. As beta cells expand following partial pancreatic-duct ligation (PDL) in adult mice, we investigated whether PDL also causes alpha cells to expand and whether IL-6 signalling is involved. As alpha cells can reprogramme to beta cells in a number of beta cell (re)generation models, we examined whether this phenomenon also exists in PDL pancreas. METHODS Total alpha cell volume, alpha cell size and total glucagon content were evaluated in equivalent portions of PDL- and sham-operated mouse pancreases. Proliferation of glucagon(+) cells was assessed by expression of the proliferation marker Ki67. Inter-conversions between alpha and beta cells were monitored in transgenic mice with conditional cell-type-specific labelling. The role of IL-6 in regulating alpha cell proliferation was evaluated by in situ delivery of an IL-6-inactivating antibody. RESULTS In response to PDL surgery, alpha cell volume in the ligated tissue was increased threefold, glucagon content fivefold and alpha cell size by 10%. Activation of alpha cell proliferation in PDL pancreas required IL-6 signalling. A minor fraction of alpha cells derived from beta cells, whereas no evidence for alpha to beta cell conversion was obtained. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION In PDL-injured adult mouse pancreas, new alpha cells are generated mainly by IL-6-dependent self-duplication and seldom by reprogramming of beta cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cai
- Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B1090, Brussels, Belgium
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20
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Neurogenin 3+ cells contribute to β-cell neogenesis and proliferation in injured adult mouse pancreas. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e523. [PMID: 23470530 PMCID: PMC3613830 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that injury by partial duct ligation (PDL) in adult mouse pancreas activates Neurogenin 3 (Ngn3)+ progenitor cells that can differentiate to β cells ex vivo. Here we evaluate the role of Ngn3+ cells in β cell expansion in situ. PDL not only induced doubling of the β cell volume but also increased the total number of islets. β cells proliferated without extended delay (the so-called ‘refractory' period), their proliferation potential was highest in small islets, and 86% of the β cell expansion was attributable to proliferation of pre-existing β cells. At sufficiently high Ngn3 expression level, upto 14% of all β cells and 40% of small islet β cells derived from non-β cells. Moreover, β cell proliferation was blunted by a selective ablation of Ngn3+ cells but not by conditional knockout of Ngn3 in pre-existing β cells supporting a key role for Ngn3+ insulin− cells in β cell proliferation and expansion. We conclude that Ngn3+ cell-dependent proliferation of pre-existing and newly-formed β cells as well as reprogramming of non-β cells contribute to in vivo β cell expansion in the injured pancreas of adult mice.
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Novel pancreatic endocrine maturation pathways identified by genomic profiling and causal reasoning. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56024. [PMID: 23418498 PMCID: PMC3572136 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have used a previously unavailable model of pancreatic development, derived in vitro from human embryonic stem cells, to capture a time-course of gene, miRNA and histone modification levels in pancreatic endocrine cells. We investigated whether it is possible to better understand, and hence control, the biological pathways leading to pancreatic endocrine formation by analysing this information and combining it with the available scientific literature to generate models using a casual reasoning approach. We show that the embryonic stem cell differentiation protocol is highly reproducible in producing endocrine precursor cells and generates cells that recapitulate many aspects of human embryonic pancreas development, including maturation into functional endocrine cells when transplanted into recipient animals. The availability of whole genome gene and miRNA expression data from the early stages of human pancreatic development will be of great benefit to those in the fields of developmental biology and diabetes research. Our causal reasoning algorithm suggested the involvement of novel gene networks, such as NEUROG3/E2F1/KDM5B and SOCS3/STAT3/IL-6, in endocrine cell development We experimentally investigated the role of the top-ranked prediction by showing that addition of exogenous IL-6 could affect the expression of the endocrine progenitor genes NEUROG3 and NKX2.2.
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Grouwels G, Vasylovska S, Olerud J, Leuckx G, Ngamjariyawat A, Yuchi Y, Jansson L, Van de Casteele M, Kozlova EN, Heimberg H. Differentiating neural crest stem cells induce proliferation of cultured rodent islet beta cells. Diabetologia 2012; 55:2016-25. [PMID: 22618811 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2542-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Efficient stimulation of cycling activity in cultured beta cells would allow the design of new strategies for cell therapy in diabetes. Neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) play a role in beta cell development and maturation and increase the beta cell number in co-transplants. The mechanism behind NCSC-induced beta cell proliferation and the functional capacity of the new beta cells is not known. METHODS We developed a new in vitro co-culture system that enables the dissection of the elements that control the cellular interactions that lead to NCSC-dependent increase in islet beta cells. RESULTS Mouse NCSCs were cultured in vitro, first in medium that stimulated their proliferation, then under conditions that supported their differentiation. When mouse islet cells were cultured together with the NCSCs, more than 35% of the beta cells showed cycle activity. This labelling index is more than tenfold higher than control islets cultured without NCSCs. Beta cells that proliferated under these culture conditions were fully glucose responsive in terms of insulin secretion. NCSCs also induced beta cell proliferation in islets isolated from 1-year-old mice, but not in dissociated islet cells isolated from human donor pancreas tissue. To stimulate beta cell proliferation, NCSCs need to be in intimate contact with the beta cells. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Culture of islet cells in contact with NCSCs induces highly efficient beta cell proliferation. The reported culture system is an excellent platform for further dissection of the minimal set of factors needed to drive this process and explore its potential for translation to diabetes therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Grouwels
- Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B1090 Brussels, Belgium
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Wang X, Liu Y, Yang Z, Zhang Z, Zhou W, Ye Z, Zhang W, Zhang S, Yang Z, Feng X, Chen F, Hu R. Glucose metabolism-related protein 1 (GMRP1) regulates pancreatic beta cell proliferation and apoptosis via activation of Akt signalling pathway in rats and mice. Diabetologia 2011; 54:852-63. [PMID: 21267538 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-011-2048-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS We attempted to elucidate the impacts on and possible mechanisms by which glucose metabolism-related protein 1 (GMRP1) affects beta cell survival. METHODS Adenovirus-mediated GMRP1 overproduction and siRNA-mediated knockdown were performed in INS-1E cells and rat islets, after which cell proliferation or apoptosis were determined, and phosphorylation of Akt and BCL2-associated agonist of cell death (BAD) investigated. INS-1E cells and rat islets were cultured at 5.6 (low) or 25 mmol/l (high) glucose for 24 or 48 h, and cell proliferation or apoptosis and GMRP1 levels were investigated. INS-1E cells were treated for 24 h with 0, 10, 50 and 100 nmol/l insulin, and GMRP1 levels were determined. After INS-1E cells were transfected with siRNA for 72 h, high glucose-induced cell proliferation and insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation were investigated. Glucose-infused rat models were established and beta cell proliferation and mass were evaluated. Levels of GMRP1, and phosphorylation of Akt and BAD were determined in glucose-infused islets. The GMRP1-mediated Akt pathway was also investigated in db/db mice. RESULTS Overproduction of GMRP1 promoted beta cell proliferation via increased phosphorylation of Akt. Knockdown of Gmrp1 (also known as Btbd10) reduced phosphorylation of Akt with enhanced beta cell apoptosis. High glucose increased GMRP1 levels and cell proliferation in INS-1E cells and islet cells. Knockdown of Gmrp1 decreased high glucose-induced cell proliferation and insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation. Increased GMRP1 levels were involved in the enhancement of beta cell proliferation and mass in glucose-infused islets. Decreased GMRP1 levels may participate in beta cell apoptosis of db/db mice. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION GMRP1 regulates pancreatic beta cell proliferation and apoptosis via activation of Akt signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road Middle, Shanghai 200040, People's Republic of China.
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Yu L, Hales CA. Silencing of sodium-hydrogen exchanger 1 attenuates the proliferation, hypertrophy, and migration of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells via E2F1. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2011; 45:923-30. [PMID: 21454803 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2011-0032oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously found that deficiency of the sodium-hydrogen exchanger 1 (NHE1) gene prevented hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension and vascular remodeling in mice, which were accompanied by a significantly reduced proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and which decreased the medial-wall thickness of pulmonary arteries. That finding indicated the involvement of NHE1 in the proliferation and hypertrophy of PASMCs, but the underlying mechanism was not fully understood. To define the mechanism by which the inhibition of NHE1 decreases hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and vascular remodeling, we investigated the role of E2F1, a nuclear transcription factor, in silencing the NHE1 gene-induced inhibition of the proliferation, hypertrophy, and migration of human PASMCs. We found that: (1) silencing of NHE1 by short, interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly inhibited PASMC proliferation and cell cycle progression, decreased hypoxia-induced hypertrophy (in terms of cell size and protein/DNA ratio) and migration (in terms of the wound-healing and migration chamber assays); (2) hypoxia induced the expression of E2F1, which was reversed by NHE1 siRNA; and (3) the overexpression of E2F1 blocked the inhibitory effect of NHE1 siRNA on the proliferation, hypertrophy, and migration of PASMCs. The present study determined that silencing the NHE1 gene significantly inhibited the hypoxia-induced proliferation, hypertrophy, and migration of human PASMCs via repression of the nuclear transcription factor E2F1. This study revealed a novel mechanism underlying the regulation of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and vascular remodeling via NHE1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lunyin Yu
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114-2696, USA.
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Collombat P, Xu X, Heimberg H, Mansouri A. Pancreatic beta-cells: from generation to regeneration. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2010; 21:838-44. [PMID: 20688184 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2010.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2010] [Accepted: 07/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The pancreas is composed of two main compartments consisting of endocrine and exocrine tissues. The majority of the organ is exocrine and responsible for the synthesis of digestive enzymes and for their transport via an intricate ductal system into the duodenum. The endocrine tissue represents less than 2% of the organ and is organized into functional units called islets of Langerhans, comprising alpha-, beta-, delta-, epsilon- and PP-cells, producing the hormones glucagon, insulin, somatostatin, ghrelin and pancreatic polypeptide (PP), respectively. Insulin-producing beta-cells play a central role in the control of the glucose homeostasis. Accordingly, absolute or relative deficiency in beta-cells may ultimately lead to type 1 and/or type 2 diabetes, respectively. One major goal of diabetes research is therefore to understand the molecular mechanisms controlling the development of beta-cells during pancreas morphogenesis, but also those underlying the regeneration of adult injured pancreas, and assess their significance for future cell-based therapy. In this review, we will therefore present new insights into beta-cell development with focus on beta-cell regeneration.
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