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Barzalobre-Geronimo R, Contreras-Ramos A, Cervantes-Cruz AI, Cruz M, Suárez-Sánchez F, Goméz-Zamudio J, Diaz-Rosas G, Ávalos-Rodríguez A, Díaz-Flores M, Ortega-Camarillo C. Pancreatic β-Cell Apoptosis in Normoglycemic Rats is Due to Mitochondrial Translocation of p53-Induced by the Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages. Cell Biochem Biophys 2023; 81:503-514. [PMID: 37392315 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-023-01147-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Overstimulation of pancreatic β-cells can lead to dysfunction and death, prior to the clinical manifestations of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The excessive consumption of carbohydrates induces metabolic alterations that can affect the functions of the β-cells and cause their death. We analyzed the role of p53 in pancreatic β cell death in carbohydrate-supplemented Sprague Dawley rats. For four months, the animals received drinking water containing either 40% sucrose or 40% fructose. The glucose tolerance test was performed at week 15. Apoptosis was assessed with the TUNEL assay (TdT-mediated dUTP-nick end-labeling). Bax, p53, and insulin were assessed by Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and real-time quantitative PCR. Insulin, triacylglycerol, and serum glucose and fatty acids in pancreatic tissue were measured. Carbohydrate consumption promotes apoptosis and mobilization of p53 from the cytosol to rat pancreatic β-cell mitochondria before blood glucose rises. An increase in p53, miR-34a, and Bax mRNA was also detected (P < 0.001) in the sucrose group. As well as hypertriglyceridemia, hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, visceral fat accumulation, and increased pancreatic fatty acids in the sucrose group. Carbohydrate consumption increases p53 and its mobilization into β-cell mitochondria and coincides with the increased rate of apoptosis, which occurs before serum glucose levels rise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Barzalobre-Geronimo
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. CDMX, México, Mexico
- Medical Research Unit in Biochemistry, Specialties Hospital, National Medical Center SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. CDMX, México, México
| | - Alejandra Contreras-Ramos
- Molecular Biology Research Lab Congenital Malformations Center, Children Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez (HIMFG). CDMX, México, Mexico
| | - Aaron I Cervantes-Cruz
- Medical Research Unit in Biochemistry, Specialties Hospital, National Medical Center SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. CDMX, México, México
| | - Miguel Cruz
- Medical Research Unit in Biochemistry, Specialties Hospital, National Medical Center SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. CDMX, México, México
| | - Fernando Suárez-Sánchez
- Medical Research Unit in Biochemistry, Specialties Hospital, National Medical Center SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. CDMX, México, México
| | - Jaime Goméz-Zamudio
- Medical Research Unit in Biochemistry, Specialties Hospital, National Medical Center SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. CDMX, México, México
| | - Guadalupe Diaz-Rosas
- Molecular Biology Research Lab Congenital Malformations Center, Children Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez (HIMFG). CDMX, México, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Ávalos-Rodríguez
- Deparment of Agricultural and Animal Prod, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana- Xoch. CDMX, México, México
| | - Margarita Díaz-Flores
- Medical Research Unit in Biochemistry, Specialties Hospital, National Medical Center SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. CDMX, México, México
| | - Clara Ortega-Camarillo
- Medical Research Unit in Biochemistry, Specialties Hospital, National Medical Center SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. CDMX, México, México.
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Pal A, Ghosh PK, Das S. The "LINC" between Δ40p53-miRNA Axis in the Regulation of Cellular Homeostasis. Mol Cell Biol 2023; 43:335-353. [PMID: 37283188 PMCID: PMC10348045 DOI: 10.1080/10985549.2023.2213147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous research has shown that Δ40p53, the translational isoform of p53, can inhibit cell growth independently of p53 by regulating microRNAs. Here, we explored the role of Δ40p53 in regulating the long noncoding RNA-micro-RNA-cellular process axis, specifically focusing on LINC00176. Interestingly, LINC00176 levels were predominantly affected by the overexpression/stress-mediated induction and knockdown of Δ40p53 rather than p53 levels. Additional assays revealed that Δ40p53 transactivates LINC00176 transcriptionally and could also regulate its stability. RNA immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that LINC00176 sequesters several putative microRNA targets, which could further titrate several mRNA targets involved in different cellular processes. To understand the downstream effects of this regulation, we ectopically overexpressed and knocked down LINC00176 in HCT116 p53-/- (harboring only Δ40p53) cells, which affected their proliferation, cell viability, and expression of epithelial markers. Our results provide essential insights into the pivotal role of Δ40p53 in regulating the novel LINC00176 RNA-microRNA-mRNA axis independent of FL-p53 and in maintaining cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apala Pal
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Pritam Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Saumitra Das
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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Wagner KD, Wagner N. The Senescence Markers p16INK4A, p14ARF/p19ARF, and p21 in Organ Development and Homeostasis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121966. [PMID: 35741095 PMCID: PMC9221567 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that senescent cells accumulate with aging. They are characterized by replicative arrest and the release of a myriad of factors commonly called the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Despite the replicative cell cycle arrest, these cells are metabolically active and functional. The release of SASP factors is mostly thought to cause tissue dysfunction and to induce senescence in surrounding cells. As major markers for aging and senescence, p16INK4, p14ARF/p19ARF, and p21 are established. Importantly, senescence is also implicated in development, cancer, and tissue homeostasis. While many markers of senescence have been identified, none are able to unambiguously identify all senescent cells. However, increased levels of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p16INK4A and p21 are often used to identify cells with senescence-associated phenotypes. We review here the knowledge of senescence, p16INK4A, p14ARF/p19ARF, and p21 in embryonic and postnatal development and potential functions in pathophysiology and homeostasis. The establishment of senolytic therapies with the ultimate goal to improve healthy aging requires care and detailed knowledge about the involvement of senescence and senescence-associated proteins in developmental processes and homeostatic mechanism. The review contributes to these topics, summarizes open questions, and provides some directions for future research.
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In Het Panhuis W, Tsaalbi-Shtylik A, Schönke M, van Harmelen V, Pronk ACM, Streefland TCM, Sips HCM, Afkir S, Willems van Dijk K, Rensen PCN, de Wind N, Kooijman S. Rev1 deficiency induces replication stress to cause metabolic dysfunction differently in males and females. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 322:E319-E329. [PMID: 35156394 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00357.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage responses compete for cellular resources with metabolic pathways, but little is known about the metabolic consequences of impaired DNA replication, a process called replication stress. Here we characterized the metabolic consequences of DNA replication stress at endogenous DNA lesions by using mice with a disruption of Rev1, a translesion DNA polymerase specialized in the mutagenic replication of damaged DNA. Male and female Rev1 knockout (KO) mice were compared with wild-type (WT) mice and followed over time to study the natural course of body weight gain and glucose tolerance. Follow-up measurements were performed in female mice for in-depth metabolic characterization. Body weight and fat mass were only increased in female KO mice versus WT mice, whereas glucose intolerance and a reduction in lean mass were observed in both sexes. Female KO mice showed reduced locomotor activity while male KO mice showed increased activity as compared with their WT littermates. Further characterization of female mice revealed that lipid handling was unaffected by Rev1 deletion. An increased respiratory exchange ratio, combined with elevated plasma lactate levels and increased hepatic gluconeogenesis indicated problems with aerobic oxidation and increased reliance on anaerobic glycolysis. Supplementation with the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide riboside to stimulate aerobic respiration failed to restore the metabolic phenotype. In conclusion, replication stress at endogenous DNA lesions induces a complex metabolic phenotype, most likely initiated by muscular metabolic dysfunction and increased dependence on anaerobic glycolysis. Nicotinamide riboside supplementation after the onset of the metabolic impairment did not rescue this phenotype.NEW & NOTEWORTHY An increasing number of DNA lesions interferes with cellular replication leading to metabolic inflexibility. We utilized Rev1 knockout mice as a model for replication stress, and show a sex-dependent metabolic phenotype, with a pronounced reduction of lean mass and glucose tolerance. These data indicate that in obesity, we may end up in an infinite loop where metabolic disturbance promotes the formation of DNA lesions, which in turn interferes with cellular replication causing further metabolic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wietse In Het Panhuis
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Milena Schönke
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Vanessa van Harmelen
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Amanda C M Pronk
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Trea C M Streefland
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hetty C M Sips
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Salwa Afkir
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Niels de Wind
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Kooijman
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Liu X, Zhang Y, Deng Y, Yang L, Ou W, Xie M, Ding L, Jiang C, Yu H, Li Q, Li T. Mitochondrial protein hyperacetylation underpins heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in mice. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 165:76-85. [PMID: 34998831 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Over 50% of patients with heart failure have preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), rather than reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). The prevalence of HFpEF continues to increase, while the pathogenic mechanisms underlying HFpEF remain largely elusive and evidence-based therapies are still lacking. This study was designed to investigate the metabolic signature of HFpEF and test the potential therapeutic intervention in a mouse model. By utilizing a "3-Hit" HFpEF mouse model, we observed a global protein hyperacetylation in the HFpEF hearts as compared to the pressure overload-induced HFrEF and adult/aged non-heart failure (NHF) hearts. Acetylome analysis identified that a large proportion of the hyperacetylated proteins (74%) specific to the HFpEF hearts are in mitochondria, and enriched in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and fatty acid oxidation. Further study showed that the elevated protein acetylation in the HFpEF hearts was correlated with reduced NAD+/NADH ratio, impaired mitochondrial function, and depleted TCA cycle metabolites. Normalization of NAD+/NADH ratio by supplementation of nicotinamide riboside (NR) for 30 days downregulated the acetylation level, improved mitochondrial function and ameliorated HFpEF phenotypes. Therefore, our study identified a distinct protein acetylation pattern in the HFpEF hearts, and proposed NR as a promising agent in lowering acetylation and mitigating HFpEF phenotypes in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yabing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yan Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Ou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Maodi Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lin Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chunling Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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6
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Mehta S, Campbell H, Drummond CJ, Li K, Murray K, Slatter T, Bourdon JC, Braithwaite AW. Adaptive homeostasis and the p53 isoform network. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e53085. [PMID: 34779563 PMCID: PMC8647153 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202153085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
All living organisms have developed processes to sense and address environmental changes to maintain a stable internal state (homeostasis). When activated, the p53 tumour suppressor maintains cell and organ integrity and functions in response to homeostasis disruptors (stresses) such as infection, metabolic alterations and cellular damage. Thus, p53 plays a fundamental physiological role in maintaining organismal homeostasis. The TP53 gene encodes a network of proteins (p53 isoforms) with similar and distinct biochemical functions. The p53 network carries out multiple biological activities enabling cooperation between individual cells required for long‐term survival of multicellular organisms (animals) in response to an ever‐changing environment caused by mutation, infection, metabolic alteration or damage. In this review, we suggest that the p53 network has evolved as an adaptive response to pathogen infections and other environmental selection pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunali Mehta
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Biodiscovery, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Hamish Campbell
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Catherine J Drummond
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Biodiscovery, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Kunyu Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Kaisha Murray
- Dundee Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Tania Slatter
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Biodiscovery, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jean-Christophe Bourdon
- Dundee Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Antony W Braithwaite
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Biodiscovery, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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p53/p73 Protein Network in Colorectal Cancer and Other Human Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122885. [PMID: 34207603 PMCID: PMC8227208 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The p53 family of proteins comprises p53, p63, and p73, which share high structural and functional similarity. The two distinct promoters of each locus, the alternative splicing, and the alternative translation initiation sites enable the generation of numerous isoforms with different protein-interacting domains and distinct activities. The co-expressed p53/p73 isoforms have significant but distinct roles in carcinogenesis. Their activity is frequently impaired in human tumors including colorectal carcinoma due to dysregulated expression and a dominant-negative effect accomplished by some isoforms and p53 mutants. The interactions between isoforms are particularly important to understand the onset of tumor formation, progression, and therapeutic response. The understanding of the p53/p73 network can contribute to the development of new targeted therapies. Abstract The p53 tumor suppressor protein is crucial for cell growth control and the maintenance of genomic stability. Later discovered, p63 and p73 share structural and functional similarity with p53. To understand the p53 pathways more profoundly, all family members should be considered. Each family member possesses two promoters and alternative translation initiation sites, and they undergo alternative splicing, generating multiple isoforms. The resulting isoforms have important roles in carcinogenesis, while their expression is dysregulated in several human tumors including colorectal carcinoma, which makes them potential targets in cancer treatment. Their activities arise, at least in part, from the ability to form tetramers that bind to specific DNA sequences and activate the transcription of target genes. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the biological activities and regulation of the p53/p73 isoforms, highlighting their role in colorectal tumorigenesis. The analysis of the expression patterns of the p53/p73 isoforms in human cancers provides an important step in the improvement of cancer therapy. Furthermore, the interactions among the p53 family members which could modulate normal functions of the canonical p53 in tumor tissue are described. Lastly, we emphasize the importance of clinical studies to assess the significance of combining the deregulation of different members of the p53 family to define the outcome of the disease.
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Huerta Guevara AP, McGowan SJ, Kazantzis M, Stallons TR, Sano T, Mulder NL, Jurdzinski A, van Dijk TH, Eggen BJL, Jonker JW, Niedernhofer LJ, Kruit JK. Increased insulin sensitivity and diminished pancreatic beta-cell function in DNA repair deficient Ercc1 d/- mice. Metabolism 2021; 117:154711. [PMID: 33493548 PMCID: PMC8625516 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is an age-associated disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance and decreased beta-cell function. DNA damage accumulation has been associated with T2DM, but whether DNA damage plays a role in the pathogenesis of the disease is unclear. Here, we used mice deficient for the DNA excision-repair gene Ercc1 to study the impact of persistent endogenous DNA damage accumulation on energy metabolism, glucose homeostasis and beta-cell function. METHODS ERCC1-XPF is an endonuclease required for multiple DNA repair pathways and reduced expression of ERCC1-XPF causes accelerated accumulation of unrepaired endogenous DNA damage and accelerated aging in humans and mice. In this study, energy metabolism, glucose metabolism, beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity were studied in Ercc1d/- mice, which model a human progeroid syndrome. RESULTS Ercc1d/- mice displayed suppression of the somatotropic axis and altered energy metabolism. Insulin sensitivity was increased, whereas, plasma insulin levels were decreased in Ercc1d/- mice. Fasting induced hypoglycemia in Ercc1d/- mice, which was the result of increased glucose disposal. Ercc1d/- mice exhibit a significantly reduced beta-cell area, even compared to control mice of similar weight. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in vivo was decreased in Ercc1d/- mice. Islets isolated from Ercc1d/- mice showed increased DNA damage markers, decreased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and increased susceptibility to apoptosis. CONCLUSION Spontaneous DNA damage accumulation triggers an adaptive response resulting in improved insulin sensitivity. Loss of DNA repair, however, does negatively impacts beta-cell survival and function in Ercc1d/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P Huerta Guevara
- Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sara J McGowan
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, 6-155 Jackson Hall, 321 Church St., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Metabolism and Aging, Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | | | | | - Tokio Sano
- Department of Metabolism and Aging, Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Niels L Mulder
- Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Angelika Jurdzinski
- Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Theo H van Dijk
- Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bart J L Eggen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Johan W Jonker
- Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Laura J Niedernhofer
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, 6-155 Jackson Hall, 321 Church St., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Metabolism and Aging, Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Janine K Kruit
- Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Good Cop, Bad Cop: Defining the Roles of Δ40p53 in Cancer and Aging. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061659. [PMID: 32585821 PMCID: PMC7352174 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumour suppressor p53 is essential for maintaining DNA integrity, and plays a major role in cellular senescence and aging. Understanding the mechanisms that contribute to p53 dysfunction can uncover novel possibilities for improving cancer therapies and diagnosis, as well as cognitive decline associated with aging. In recent years, the complexity of p53 signalling has become increasingly apparent owing to the discovery of the p53 isoforms. These isoforms play important roles in regulating cell growth and turnover in response to different stressors, depending on the cellular context. In this review, we focus on Δ40p53, an N-terminally truncated p53 isoform. Δ40p53 can alter p53 target gene expression in both a positive and negative manner, modulating the biological outcome of p53 activation; it also functions independently of p53. Therefore, proper control of the Δ40p53: p53 ratio is essential for normal cell growth, aging, and responses to cancer therapy. Defining the contexts and the mechanisms by which Δ40p53 behaves as a "good cop or bad cop" is critical if we are to target this isoform therapeutically.
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10
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Ruze R, Xiong YC, Li JW, Zhong MW, Xu Q, Yan ZB, Zhu JK, Cheng YG, Hu SY, Zhang GY. Sleeve gastrectomy ameliorates endothelial function and prevents lung cancer by normalizing endothelin-1 axis in obese and diabetic rats. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:2599-2617. [PMID: 32523314 PMCID: PMC7265138 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i20.2599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous evidence has implied that obesity is an independent risk factor for developing cancer. Being closely related to obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus provides a suitable environment for the formation and metastasis of tumors through multiple pathways. Although bariatric surgeries are effective in preventing and lowering the risk of various types of cancer, the underlying mechanisms of this effect are not clearly elucidated.
AIM To uncover the role and effect of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) in preventing lung cancer in obese and diabetic rats.
METHODS SG was performed on obese and diabetic Wistar rats, and the postoperative transcriptional and translational alterations of the endothelin-1 (ET-1) axis in the lungs were compared to sham-operated obese and diabetic rats and age-matched healthy controls to assess the improvements in endothelial function and risk of developing lung cancer at the postoperative 4th, 8th, and 12th weeks. The risk was also evaluated using nuclear phosphorylation of H2A histone family member X as a marker of DNA damage (double-strand break).
RESULTS Compared to obese and diabetic sham-operated rats, SG brought a significant reduction to body weight, food intake, and fasting blood glucose while improving oral glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. In addition, ameliorated levels of gene and protein expression in the ET-1 axis as well as reduced DNA damage indicated improved endothelial function and a lower risk of developing lung cancer after the surgery.
CONCLUSION Apart from eliminating metabolic disorders, SG improves endothelial function and plays a protective role in preventing lung cancer via normalized ET-1 axis and reduced DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rexiati Ruze
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ya-Cheng Xiong
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jian-Wen Li
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ming-Wei Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhi-Bo Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yu-Gang Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - San-Yuan Hu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guang-Yong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
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11
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Lacroix M, Riscal R, Arena G, Linares LK, Le Cam L. Metabolic functions of the tumor suppressor p53: Implications in normal physiology, metabolic disorders, and cancer. Mol Metab 2020; 33:2-22. [PMID: 31685430 PMCID: PMC7056927 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The TP53 gene is one of the most commonly inactivated tumor suppressors in human cancers. p53 functions during cancer progression have been linked to a variety of transcriptional and non-transcriptional activities that lead to the tight control of cell proliferation, senescence, DNA repair, and cell death. However, converging evidence indicates that p53 also plays a major role in metabolism in both normal and cancer cells. SCOPE OF REVIEW We provide an overview of the current knowledge on the metabolic activities of wild type (WT) p53 and highlight some of the mechanisms by which p53 contributes to whole body energy homeostasis. We will also pinpoint some evidences suggesting that deregulation of p53-associated metabolic activities leads to human pathologies beyond cancer, including obesity, diabetes, liver, and cardiovascular diseases. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS p53 is activated when cells are metabolically challenged but the origin, duration, and intensity of these stresses will dictate the outcome of the p53 response. p53 plays pivotal roles both upstream and downstream of several key metabolic regulators and is involved in multiple feedback-loops that ensure proper cellular homeostasis. The physiological roles of p53 in metabolism involve complex mechanisms of regulation implicating both cell autonomous effects as well as autocrine loops. However, the mechanisms by which p53 coordinates metabolism at the organismal level remain poorly understood. Perturbations of p53-regulated metabolic activities contribute to various metabolic disorders and are pivotal during cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Lacroix
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Equipe labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, France
| | - Romain Riscal
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Giuseppe Arena
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, INSERM U1030, Villejuif, France
| | - Laetitia Karine Linares
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Equipe labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, France
| | - Laurent Le Cam
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Equipe labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, France.
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12
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The Emerging Landscape of p53 Isoforms in Physiology, Cancer and Degenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246257. [PMID: 31835844 PMCID: PMC6941119 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
p53, first described four decades ago, is now established as a master regulator of cellular stress response, the “guardian of the genome”. p53 contributes to biological robustness by behaving in a cellular-context dependent manner, influenced by several factors (e.g., cell type, active signalling pathways, the type, extent and intensity of cellular damage, cell cycle stage, nutrient availability, immune function). The p53 isoforms regulate gene transcription and protein expression in response to the stimuli so that the cell response is precisely tuned to the cell signals and cell context. Twelve isoforms of p53 have been described in humans. In this review, we explore the interactions between p53 isoforms and other proteins contributing to their established cellular functions, which can be both tumour-suppressive and oncogenic in nature. Evidence of p53 isoform in human cancers is largely based on RT-qPCR expression studies, usually investigating a particular type of isoform. Beyond p53 isoform functions in cancer, it is implicated in neurodegeneration, embryological development, progeroid phenotype, inflammatory pathology, infections and tissue regeneration, which are described in this review.
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13
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Yoon S, Kim J, Kim SK, Baik B, Chi SM, Kim SY, Nam D. GScluster: network-weighted gene-set clustering analysis. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:352. [PMID: 31072324 PMCID: PMC6507172 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5738-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gene-set analysis (GSA) has been commonly used to identify significantly altered pathways or functions from omics data. However, GSA often yields a long list of gene-sets, necessitating efficient post-processing for improved interpretation. Existing methods cluster the gene-sets based on the extent of their overlap to summarize the GSA results without considering interactions between gene-sets. Results Here, we presented a novel network-weighted gene-set clustering that incorporates both the gene-set overlap and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. Three examples were demonstrated for microarray gene expression, GWAS summary, and RNA-sequencing data to which different GSA methods were applied. These examples as well as a global analysis show that the proposed method increases PPI densities and functional relevance of the resulting clusters. Additionally, distinct properties of gene-set distance measures were compared. The methods are implemented as an R/Shiny package GScluster that provides gene-set clustering and diverse functions for visualization of gene-sets and PPI networks. Conclusions Network-weighted gene-set clustering provides functionally more relevant gene-set clusters and related network analysis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5738-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sora Yoon
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhwan Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Kyu Kim
- Epigenomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea.,Genome Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Bukyung Baik
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Mun Chi
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyungsung University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Young Kim
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea. .,Genome Editing Research Center, Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dougu Nam
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Mathematical Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Obesity, DNA Damage, and Development of Obesity-Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051146. [PMID: 30845725 PMCID: PMC6429223 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has been recognized to increase the risk of such diseases as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer. It indicates that obesity can impact genome stability. Oxidative stress and inflammation, commonly occurring in obesity, can induce DNA damage and inhibit DNA repair mechanisms. Accumulation of DNA damage can lead to an enhanced mutation rate and can alter gene expression resulting in disturbances in cell metabolism. Obesity-associated DNA damage can promote cancer growth by favoring cancer cell proliferation and migration, and resistance to apoptosis. Estimation of the DNA damage and/or disturbances in DNA repair could be potentially useful in the risk assessment and prevention of obesity-associated metabolic disorders as well as cancers. DNA damage in people with obesity appears to be reversible and both weight loss and improvement of dietary habits and diet composition can affect genome stability.
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15
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Lei J, Qi R, Tang Y, Wang W, Wei G, Nussinov R, Ma B. Conformational stability and dynamics of the cancer-associated isoform Δ133p53β are modulated by p53 peptides and p53-specific DNA. FASEB J 2019; 33:4225-4235. [PMID: 30540922 PMCID: PMC6404584 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801973r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
p53 is a tumor suppressor protein that maintains genome stability, but its Δ133p53β and Δ160p53β isoforms promote breast cancer cell invasion. The sequence truncations in the p53 core domain raise key questions related to their physicochemical properties, including structural stabilities, interaction mechanisms, and DNA-binding abilities. Herein, we investigated the conformational dynamics of Δ133p53β and Δ160p53β with and without binding to p53-specific DNA by using molecular dynamics simulations. We observed that the core domains of the 2 truncated isoforms are much less stable than wild-type (wt) p53β, and the increased solvent exposure of their aggregation-triggering segment indicates their higher aggregation propensities than wt p53. We also found that Δ133p53β stability is modulable by peptide or DNA interactions. Adding a p53 peptide (derived from truncated p53 sequence 107-129) may help stabilize Δ133p53. Most importantly, our simulations of p53 isomer-DNA complexes indicate that Δ133p53β dimer, but not Δ160p53β dimer, could form a stable complex with p53-specific DNA, which is consistent with recent experiments. This study provides physicochemical insight into Δ133p53β, Δ133p53β-DNA complexes, Δ133p53β's pathologic mechanism, and peptide-based inhibitor design against p53-related cancers.-Lei, J., Qi, R., Tang, Y., Wang, W., Wei, G., Nussinov, R., Ma, B. Conformational stability and dynamics of the cancer-associated isoform Δ133p53β are modulated by p53 peptides and p53-specific DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences–Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruxi Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences–Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yegen Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenning Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanghong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences–Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA; and
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Sackler Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Buyong Ma
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA; and
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16
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Szpotkowska J, Swiatkowska A, Ciesiołka J. Length and secondary structure of the 5' non-coding regions of mouse p53 mRNA transcripts - mouse as a model organism for p53 gene expression studies. RNA Biol 2018; 16:25-41. [PMID: 30518296 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2018.1556084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription initiation sites of Trp53 gene in mice were determined using the 5'RACE method. Based on sequence alignment of the 5'-terminal regions of p53 mRNA in mammals, the site for the most abundant transcript turned out to be essentially identical with that determined for human TP53 gene and slightly differed for the longest transcripts, in mice and humans. Secondary structures of the 5' -terminal regions of the shorter, most abundant and the longest mouse transcripts were determined in vitro and the shorter transcript was also mapped in transfected mouse cells. For the first time, secondary structure models of the 5' terminus of two mouse p53 mRNAs were proposed. Comparing these models with the conservativeness of the nucleotide sequence of the 5'-terminal region of mRNA in mouse and other mammals, the possible function of the selected structural domains of this region was discussed. To elucidate the translation mechanisms, the two studied mRNAs were translated in the presence of an increasing concentration of the cap analog. For the longest transcript, the data suggested that IRES element(s) was/were involved in translation initiation. Additionally, changes in p53 synthesis under genotoxic and endoplasmic reticulum stress conditions in mouse cells were analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Szpotkowska
- a Polish Academy of Sciences , Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry , Poznan , Poland
| | - Agata Swiatkowska
- a Polish Academy of Sciences , Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry , Poznan , Poland
| | - Jerzy Ciesiołka
- a Polish Academy of Sciences , Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry , Poznan , Poland
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17
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Labuschagne CF, Zani F, Vousden KH. Control of metabolism by p53 - Cancer and beyond. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1870:32-42. [PMID: 29883595 PMCID: PMC6102416 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
p53 is an important tumour suppressor gene, with loss of p53 contributing to the development of most human cancers. However, the activation of p53 in response to stress signals underpins a role for p53 in diverse aspects of health and disease. Activities of p53 that regulate metabolism can play a role in maintaining homeostasis and protecting cells from damage - so preventing disease development. By contrast, either loss or over-activation of p53 can contribute to numerous metabolic pathologies, including aging, obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabio Zani
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Karen H Vousden
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
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18
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Abstract
Glucose is the key source for most organisms to provide energy, as well as the key source for metabolites to generate building blocks in cells. The deregulation of glucose homeostasis occurs in various diseases, including the enhanced aerobic glycolysis that is observed in cancers, and insulin resistance in diabetes. Although p53 is thought to suppress tumorigenesis primarily by inducing cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and senescence in response to stress, the non-canonical functions of p53 in cellular energy homeostasis and metabolism are also emerging as critical factors for tumor suppression. Increasing evidence suggests that p53 plays a significant role in regulating glucose homeostasis. Furthermore, the p53 family members p63 and p73, as well as gain-of-function p53 mutants, are also involved in glucose metabolism. Indeed, how this protein family regulates cellular energy levels is complicated and difficult to disentangle. This review discusses the roles of the p53 family in multiple metabolic processes, such as glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, aerobic respiration, and autophagy. We also discuss how the dysregulation of the p53 family in these processes leads to diseases such as cancer and diabetes. Elucidating the complexities of the p53 family members in glucose homeostasis will improve our understanding of these diseases.
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19
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Ghorbanzadeh V, Mohammadi M, Mohaddes G, Darishnejad H, Chodari L. Effect of Crocin and Voluntary Exercise on P53 Protein in Pancreas of Type2 Diabetic Rats. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.15171/ps.2017.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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20
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Kawamori D. Exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying α- and β-cell dysfunction in diabetes. Diabetol Int 2017; 8:248-256. [PMID: 30603330 PMCID: PMC6224887 DOI: 10.1007/s13340-017-0327-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic islet dysfunction, including impaired insulin secretion in β cells and dysregulated glucagon secretion in α cells, is the chief pathology of diabetes. In β cells, oxidative stress, evoked by chronic hyperglycemia, was found to induce dysfunction of a critical transcription factor, PDX1, caused by its nucleocytoplasmic translocation via interactions with the insulin and JNK signaling pathways and another transcription factor, FOXO1. The significance of α-cell insulin signaling in the physiological and pathological regulation of α-cell biology was demonstrated in α-cell-specific insulin receptor knockout mice, which exhibited dysregulated glucagon secretion. Moreover, a high-glucose load directly induced excessive glucagon secretion in a glucagon-secreting cell line and isolated islets, together with impairment of insulin signaling. These findings indicate that disordered insulin signaling is central to the pathophysiology of islet dysfunction in both α and β cells. On the other hand, certain beneficial effects of GLP-1 on dysfunctional α and β cells indicate that it has therapeutic potential for diabetes patients who exhibit insulin resistance in islets. These studies, involving basic medical research approaches, have-at least in part-clarified the molecular mechanisms underlying α- and β-cell dysfunction in diabetes, and offer important clues that should aid the development of future therapeutic approaches to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Kawamori
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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21
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Nuñez-Durán E, Chanclón B, Sütt S, Real J, Marschall HU, Wernstedt Asterholm I, Cansby E, Mahlapuu M. Protein kinase STK25 aggravates the severity of non-alcoholic fatty pancreas disease in mice. J Endocrinol 2017; 234:15-27. [PMID: 28442507 PMCID: PMC5510597 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Characterising the molecular networks that negatively regulate pancreatic β-cell function is essential for understanding the underlying pathogenesis and developing new treatment strategies for type 2 diabetes. We recently identified serine/threonine protein kinase 25 (STK25) as a critical regulator of ectopic fat storage, meta-inflammation, and fibrosis in liver and skeletal muscle. Here, we assessed the role of STK25 in control of progression of non-alcoholic fatty pancreas disease in the context of chronic exposure to dietary lipids in mice. We found that overexpression of STK25 in high-fat-fed transgenic mice aggravated diet-induced lipid storage in the pancreas compared with that of wild-type controls, which was accompanied by exacerbated pancreatic inflammatory cell infiltration, stellate cell activation, fibrosis and apoptosis. Pancreas of Stk25 transgenic mice also displayed a marked decrease in islet β/α-cell ratio and alteration in the islet architecture with an increased presence of α-cells within the islet core, whereas islet size remained similar between genotypes. After a continued challenge with a high-fat diet, lower levels of fasting plasma insulin and C-peptide, and higher levels of plasma leptin, were detected in Stk25 transgenic vs wild-type mice. Furthermore, the glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was impaired in high-fat-fed Stk25 transgenic mice during glucose tolerance test, in spite of higher net change in blood glucose concentrations compared with wild-type controls, suggesting islet β-cell dysfunction. In summary, this study unravels a role for STK25 in determining the susceptibility to diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty pancreas disease in mice in connection to obesity. Our findings highlight STK25 as a potential drug target for metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Nuñez-Durán
- Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineLundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Belén Chanclón
- Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineLundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Metabolic PhysiologyInstitute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Silva Sütt
- Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineLundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joana Real
- Department of Metabolic PhysiologyInstitute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hanns-Ulrich Marschall
- Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineWallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Wernstedt Asterholm
- Department of Metabolic PhysiologyInstitute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emmelie Cansby
- Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineLundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Margit Mahlapuu
- Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineLundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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22
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Chronic high fat feeding restricts islet mRNA translation initiation independently of ER stress via DNA damage and p53 activation. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28630491 PMCID: PMC5476640 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03869-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Under conditions of high fat diet (HFD) consumption, glucose dyshomeostasis develops when β-cells are unable to adapt to peripheral insulin demands. Few studies have interrogated the molecular mechanisms of β-cell dysfunction at the level of mRNA translation under such conditions. We sought to address this issue through polyribosome profile analysis of islets from mice fed 16-weeks of 42% HFD. HFD-islet analysis revealed clear trends toward global reductions in mRNA translation with a significant reduction in the polyribosome/monoribosome ratio for Pdx1 mRNA. Transcriptional and translational analyses revealed endoplasmic reticulum stress was not the etiology of our findings. HFD-islets demonstrated evidence of oxidative stress and DNA damage, as well as activation of p53. Experiments in MIN-6 β-cells revealed that treatment with doxorubicin to directly induce DNA damage mimicked our observed effects in islets. Islets from animals treated with pioglitazone concurrently with HFD demonstrated a reversal of effects observed from HFD alone. Finally, HFD-islets demonstrated reduced expression of multiple ribosome biogenesis genes and the key translation initiation factor eIF4E. We propose a heretofore unappreciated effect of chronic HFD on β-cells, wherein continued DNA damage owing to persistent oxidative stress results in p53 activation and a resultant inhibition of mRNA translation.
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23
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Carrasco-Garcia E, Moreno M, Moreno-Cugnon L, Matheu A. Increased Arf/p53 activity in stem cells, aging and cancer. Aging Cell 2017; 16:219-225. [PMID: 28101907 PMCID: PMC5334536 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Arf/p53 pathway protects the cells against DNA damage induced by acute stress. This characteristic is the responsible for its tumor suppressor activity. Moreover, it regulates the chronic type of stress associated with aging. This is the basis of its anti‐aging activity. Indeed, increased gene dosage of Arf/p53 displays elongated longevity and delayed aging. At a cellular level, it has been recently shown that increased dosage of Arf/p53 delays age‐associated stem cell exhaustion and the subsequent decline in tissue homeostasis and regeneration. However, p53 can also promote aging if constitutively activated. In this context, p53 reduces tissue regeneration, which correlates with premature exhaustion of stem cells. We discuss here the current evidence linking the Arf/p53 pathway to the processes of aging and cancer through stem cell regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel Moreno
- Cellular Oncology Group; Biodonostia Institute; San Sebastian Spain
| | | | - Ander Matheu
- Cellular Oncology Group; Biodonostia Institute; San Sebastian Spain
- Ikerbasque; Basque Foundation; Bilbao Spain
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24
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Strycharz J, Drzewoski J, Szemraj J, Sliwinska A. Is p53 Involved in Tissue-Specific Insulin Resistance Formation? OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:9270549. [PMID: 28194257 PMCID: PMC5282448 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9270549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
p53 constitutes an extremely versatile molecule, primarily involved in sensing the variety of cellular stresses. Functional p53 utilizes a plethora of mechanisms to protect cell from deleterious repercussions of genotoxic insults, where senescence deserves special attention. While the impressive amount of p53 roles has been perceived solely by the prism of antioncogenic effect, its presence seems to be vastly connected with metabolic abnormalities underlain by cellular aging, obesity, and inflammation. p53 has been found to regulate multiple biochemical processes such as glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, lipolysis, lipogenesis, β-oxidation, gluconeogenesis, and glycogen synthesis. Notably, p53-mediated metabolic effects are totally up to results of insulin action. Accumulating amount of data identifies p53 to be a factor activated upon hyperglycemia or excessive calorie intake, thus contributing to low-grade chronic inflammation and systemic insulin resistance. Prominent signs of its actions have been observed in muscles, liver, pancreas, and adipose tissue being associated with attenuation of insulin signalling. p53 is of crucial importance for the regulation of white and brown adipogenesis simultaneously being a repressor for preadipocyte differentiation. This review provides a profound insight into p53-dependent metabolic actions directed towards promotion of insulin resistance as well as presenting experimental data regarding obesity-induced p53-mediated metabolic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Strycharz
- Diabetes Student Scientific Society at the Department of Internal Diseases, Diabetology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jozef Drzewoski
- Department of Internal Diseases, Diabetology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Sliwinska
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Kung CP, Murphy ME. The role of the p53 tumor suppressor in metabolism and diabetes. J Endocrinol 2016; 231:R61-R75. [PMID: 27613337 PMCID: PMC5148674 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the context of tumor suppression, p53 is an undisputedly critical protein. Functioning primarily as a transcription factor, p53 helps fend off the initiation and progression of tumors by inducing cell cycle arrest, senescence or programmed cell death (apoptosis) in cells at the earliest stages of precancerous development. Compelling evidence, however, suggests that p53 is involved in other aspects of human physiology, including metabolism. Indeed, recent studies suggest that p53 plays a significant role in the development of metabolic diseases, including diabetes, and further that p53's role in metabolism may also be consequential to tumor suppression. Here, we present a review of the literature on the role of p53 in metabolism, diabetes, pancreatic function, glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance. Additionally, we discuss the emerging role of genetic variation in the p53 pathway (single-nucleotide polymorphisms) on the impact of p53 in metabolic disease and diabetes. A better understanding of the relationship between p53, metabolism and diabetes may one day better inform the existing and prospective therapeutic strategies to combat this rapidly growing epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Pei Kung
- Department of Internal MedicineWashington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Maureen E Murphy
- Department of Internal MedicineWashington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
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Mehta S, Tsai P, Lasham A, Campbell H, Reddel R, Braithwaite A, Print C. A Study of TP53 RNA Splicing Illustrates Pitfalls of RNA-seq Methodology. Cancer Res 2016; 76:7151-7159. [PMID: 27913434 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
TP53 undergoes multiple RNA-splicing events, resulting in at least nine mRNA transcripts encoding at least 12 functionally different protein isoforms. Antibodies specific to p53 protein isoforms have proven difficult to develop, thus researchers must rely on the transcript information to infer isoform abundance. In this study, we used deep RNA-seq, droplet digital PCR (ddPCR), and real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-qPCR) from nine human cell lines and RNA-seq data available for tumors in The Cancer Genome Atlas to analyze TP53 splice variant expression. All three methods detected expression of the FL/40TP53α_T1 variant in most human tumors and cell lines. However, other less abundant variants were only detected with PCR-based methods. Using RNA-seq simulation analysis, we determined why RNA-seq is unable to detect less abundant TP53 transcripts and discuss the implications of these findings for the general interpretation of RNA-seq data. Cancer Res; 76(24); 7151-9. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunali Mehta
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. .,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Peter Tsai
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Bioinformatics Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Annette Lasham
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Hamish Campbell
- Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Roger Reddel
- Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Antony Braithwaite
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cristin Print
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Bioinformatics Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Abstract
Unlike the rather stereotypic image by which it was portrayed until not too many years ago, p53 is now increasingly emerging as a multifaceted transcription factor that can sometimes exert opposing effects on biological processes. This includes pro-survival activities that seem to contradict p53's canonical proapoptotic features, as well as opposing effects on cell migration, metabolism, and differentiation. Such antagonistic bifunctionality (balancing both positive and negative signals) bestows p53 with an ideal attribute to govern homeostasis. The molecular mechanisms underpinning the paradoxical activities of p53 may be related to a protein conformational spectrum (from canonical wild-type to "pseudomutant"), diversity of DNA response elements, and/or higher-order chromatin configuration. Altogether, this functional flexibility positions p53 as a transcriptional "super hub" that dictates cell homeostasis, and ultimately cell fate, by governing a hierarchy of other functional hubs. Deciphering the mechanisms by which p53 determines which hubs to engage, and how one might modulate the preferences of p53, remains a major challenge for both basic science and translational cancer medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Aylon
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Moshe Oren
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Abstract
It is poorly understood how a single protein, p53, can be responsive to so many stress signals and orchestrates very diverse cell responses to maintain/restore cell/tissue functions. The uncovering that TP53 gene physiologically expresses, in a tissue-dependent manner, several p53 splice variants (isoforms) provides an explanation to its pleiotropic biological activities. Here, we summarize a decade of research on p53 isoforms. The clinical studies and the diverse cellular and animal models of p53 isoforms (zebrafish, Drosophila, and mouse) lead us to realize that a p53-mediated cell response is, in fact, the sum of the intrinsic activities of the coexpressed p53 isoforms and that unbalancing expression of different p53 isoforms leads to cancer, premature aging, (neuro)degenerative diseases, inflammation, embryo malformations, or defects in tissue regeneration. Cracking the p53 isoforms' code is, thus, a necessary step to improve cancer treatment. It also opens new exciting perspectives in tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien M Joruiz
- Dundee Cancer Centre, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Christophe Bourdon
- Dundee Cancer Centre, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, United Kingdom
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29
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The MDM2-p53-pyruvate carboxylase signalling axis couples mitochondrial metabolism to glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11740. [PMID: 27265727 PMCID: PMC4897763 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial metabolism is pivotal for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in pancreatic β-cells. However, little is known about the molecular machinery that controls the homeostasis of intermediary metabolites in mitochondria. Here we show that the activation of p53 in β-cells, by genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of its negative regulator MDM2, impairs GSIS, leading to glucose intolerance in mice. Mechanistically, p53 activation represses the expression of the mitochondrial enzyme pyruvate carboxylase (PC), resulting in diminished production of the TCA cycle intermediates oxaloacetate and NADPH, and impaired oxygen consumption. The defective GSIS and mitochondrial metabolism in MDM2-null islets can be rescued by restoring PC expression. Under diabetogenic conditions, MDM2 and p53 are upregulated, whereas PC is reduced in mouse β-cells. Pharmacological inhibition of p53 alleviates defective GSIS in diabetic islets by restoring PC expression. Thus, the MDM2-p53-PC signalling axis links mitochondrial metabolism to insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis, and could represent a therapeutic target in diabetes.
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Ueberberg S, Tannapfel A, Schenker P, Viebahn R, Uhl W, Schneider S, Meier JJ. Differential expression of cell-cycle regulators in human beta-cells derived from insulinoma tissue. Metabolism 2016; 65:736-746. [PMID: 27085780 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The low frequency of beta-cell replication in the adult human pancreas limits beta-cell regeneration. A better understanding of the regulation of human beta-cell proliferation is crucial to develop therapeutic strategies aiming to enhance beta-cell mass. METHODS To identify factors that control beta-cell proliferation, cell-cycle regulation was examined in human insulinomas as a model of increased beta-cell proliferation (n=11) and healthy pancreatic tissue from patients with benign pancreatic tumors (n=9). Tissue sections were co-stained for insulin and cell-cycle proteins. Transcript levels of selected cell-cycle factors in beta-cells were determined by qRT-PCR after performing laser-capture microdissection. RESULTS The frequency of beta-cell replication was 3.74±0.92% in the insulinomas and 0.11±0.04% in controls (p=0.0016). p21 expression was higher in insulinomas (p=0.0058), and Rb expression was higher by trend (p=0.085), whereas p16 (p<0.0001), Cyclin C (p<0.0001), and p57 (p=0.018) expression levels were lower. The abundance of Cyclin D3 (p=0.62) and p27 (p=0.68) was not different between the groups. The reduced expression of p16 (p<0.0001) and p57 (p=0.012) in insulinomas and the unchanged expression of Cyclin D3 (p=0.77) and p27 (p=0.55) were confirmed using qRT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS The expression of certain cell-cycle factors in beta-cells derived from insulinomas and healthy adults differs markedly. Targeting such differentially regulated cell-cycle proteins may evolve as a future strategy to enhance beta-cell regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ueberberg
- Diabetes Division, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstrasse 56, Bochum 44791, Germany
| | - Andrea Tannapfel
- Department of Pathology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle de la Camp-Platz 1, Bochum 44789, Germany
| | - Peter Schenker
- Department of Surgery, Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, Bochum 44892, Germany
| | - Richard Viebahn
- Department of Surgery, Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, Bochum 44892, Germany
| | - Waldemar Uhl
- Department of Surgery, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstrasse 56, Bochum 44791, Germany
| | - Stephan Schneider
- Department of Medicine II, St. Vinzenz Hospital, Merheimer Str. 221-223, Cologne 50733, Germany
| | - Juris J Meier
- Diabetes Division, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstrasse 56, Bochum 44791, Germany.
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Alonso-Magdalena P, García-Arévalo M, Quesada I, Nadal Á. Bisphenol-A treatment during pregnancy in mice: a new window of susceptibility for the development of diabetes in mothers later in life. Endocrinology 2015; 156:1659-70. [PMID: 25830705 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Evidence now exists supporting the hypothesis that endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can harmfully impact glucose metabolism. Thus, EDCs are beginning to be considered important contributors to the increased incidence of diabetes, obesity, or both. The possible effect of exposure to EDCs during pregnancy on glucose homeostasis in mothers later in life is presently unknown. Here we show that several months after delivery, mothers treated with the widespread EDC bisphenol-A (BPA) during gestation, at environmentally relevant doses, exhibit profound glucose intolerance and altered insulin sensitivity as well as increased body weight. These mice presented a decreased insulin secretion both in vivo and in vitro together with reduced pancreatic β-cell mass. The proliferation capacity was decreased in association with a diminished expression of the cell cycle activators: cyclin D2 and cyclin-dependent kinase-4. In addition, the rate of β-cells apoptosis was increased as well as the expression of the cell cycle inhibitors p16 and p53. Conversely, no effects on glucose metabolism or insulin sensitivity were observed when female nonpregnant mice were treated with BPA at the same doses. Taken together, these findings reveal that BPA exposure during gestation has harmful long-term implications in glucose metabolism for the mother. This finding highlights a new window of susceptibility for EDC exposure that may be important for the development of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Alonso-Magdalena
- Departamento de Biología Aplicada (P.A.-M., I.Q.), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) (P.A.-M., M.G.-A., I.Q., A.N.), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche 03202, Alicante, Spain
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Raúl BG, Antonio FLL, Arturo BGL, Miguel C, Rebeca GM, Alejandro ÁR, Alejandra CR, Margarita DF, Clara OC. Hyperglycemia promotes p53-Mdm2 interaction but reduces p53 ubiquitination in RINm5F cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 405:257-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2416-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Abstract
Accumulation of DNA damage has been linked to the process of aging and to the onset of age-related diseases including diabetes. Studies on progeroid syndromes have suggested that the DNA damage response is involved in regulation of metabolic homeostasis. DNA damage could impair metabolic organ functions by causing cell death or senescence. DNA damage also could induce tissue inflammation that disturbs the homeostasis of systemic metabolism. Various roles of molecules related to DNA repair in cellular metabolism are being uncovered, and such molecules could also have an impact on systemic metabolism. This review explores mechanisms by which the DNA damage response could contribute to metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ippei Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; Department of Molecular Aging and Cell Biology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yohko Yoshida
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; Department of Molecular Aging and Cell Biology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Suda
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Tohru Minamino
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
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34
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Sharathchandra A, Lal R, Khan D, Das S. Annexin A2 and PSF proteins interact with p53 IRES and regulate translation of p53 mRNA. RNA Biol 2014; 9:1429-39. [DOI: 10.4161/rna.22707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Tsai MJ, Yang-Yen HF, Chiang MK, Wang MJ, Wu SS, Chen SH. TCTP is essential for β-cell proliferation and mass expansion during development and β-cell adaptation in response to insulin resistance. Endocrinology 2014; 155:392-404. [PMID: 24248465 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The perinatal period is critical for β-cell mass establishment, which is characterized by a transient burst in proliferation to increase β-cell mass in response to the need for glucose homeostasis throughout life. In adulthood, the ability of β-cells to grow, proliferate, and expand their mass is also characteristic of pathological states of insulin resistance. Translationally controlled tumor-associated protein (TCTP), an evolutionarily highly conserved protein that is implicated in cell growth and proliferation, has been identified as a novel glucose-regulated survival-supporting protein in pancreatic β-cells. In this study, the enhanced β-cell proliferation detected both during the perinatal developmental period and in insulin-resistant states in high-fat diet-fed mice was found to parallel the expression of TCTP in pancreatic β-cells. Specific knockout of TCTP in β-cells led to increased expression of total and nuclear Forkhead box protein O1 and tumor suppressor protein 53, and decreased expression of p70S6 kinase phosphorylation and cyclin D2 and cyclin-dependent kinase 2. This resulted in decreased β-cell proliferation and growth, reduced β-cell mass, and insulin secretion. Together, these effects led to hyperglycemia. These observations suggest that TCTP is essential for β-cell mass expansion during development and β-cell adaptation in response to insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jen Tsai
- PhD Program in Pharmacology and Toxicology (M.J.-T., S.-H.C.) and Department of Pharmacology (S.-S.W., S.-H.C.), School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.J.-T.) and Medical Research (M.-J.W.), Neuro-Medical Scientific Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan; Institutes of Molecular Biology (H.-F.Y.-Y.), Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; and Department of Life Science and Institute of Molecular Biology (M.-K.C.), National Chung-Cheng University, Chia-Yi 621, Taiwan
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Type 2 diabetes and congenital hyperinsulinism cause DNA double-strand breaks and p53 activity in β cells. Cell Metab 2014; 19:109-21. [PMID: 24332968 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
β cell failure in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with hyperglycemia, but the mechanisms are not fully understood. Congenital hyperinsulinism caused by glucokinase mutations (GCK-CHI) is associated with β cell replication and apoptosis. Here, we show that genetic activation of β cell glucokinase, initially triggering replication, causes apoptosis associated with DNA double-strand breaks and activation of the tumor suppressor p53. ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channels) and calcineurin mediate this toxic effect. Toxicity of long-term glucokinase overactivity was confirmed by finding late-onset diabetes in older members of a GCK-CHI family. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) mimetic treatment or p53 deletion rescues β cells from glucokinase-induced death, but only GLP-1 analog rescues β cell function. DNA damage and p53 activity in T2D suggest shared mechanisms of β cell failure in hyperglycemia and CHI. Our results reveal membrane depolarization via KATP channels, calcineurin signaling, DNA breaks, and p53 as determinants of β cell glucotoxicity and suggest pharmacological approaches to enhance β cell survival in diabetes.
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Surget S, Khoury MP, Bourdon JC. Uncovering the role of p53 splice variants in human malignancy: a clinical perspective. Onco Targets Ther 2013; 7:57-68. [PMID: 24379683 PMCID: PMC3872270 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s53876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Thirty-five years of research on p53 gave rise to more than 68,000 articles and reviews, but did not allow the uncovering of all the mysteries that this major tumor suppressor holds. How p53 handles the different signals to decide the appropriate cell fate in response to a stress and its implication in tumorigenesis and cancer progression remains unclear. Nevertheless, the uncovering of p53 isoforms has opened new perspectives in the cancer research field. Indeed, the human TP53 gene encodes not only one but at least twelve p53 protein isoforms, which are produced in normal tissues through alternative initiation of translation, usage of alternative promoters, and alternative splicing. In recent years, it became obvious that the different p53 isoforms play an important role in regulating cell fate in response to different stresses in normal cells by differentially regulating gene expression. In cancer cells, abnormal expression of p53 isoforms contributes actively to cancer formation and progression, regardless of TP53 mutation status. They can also be associated with response to treatment, depending on the cell context. The determination of p53 isoform expression and p53 mutation status helps to define different subtypes within a particular cancer type, which would have different responses to treatment. Thus, the understanding of the regulation of p53 isoform expression and their biological activities in relation to the cellular context would constitute an important step toward the improvement of the diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive values of p53 in cancer treatment. This review aims to summarize the involvement of p53 isoforms in cancer and to highlight novel potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvanie Surget
- Dundee Cancer Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK ; Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Marie P Khoury
- Dundee Cancer Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK ; Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Jean-Christophe Bourdon
- Dundee Cancer Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK ; Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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Sharathchandra A, Katoch A, Das S. IRES mediated translational regulation of p53 isoforms. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2013; 5:131-9. [PMID: 24343861 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Revised: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
p53 is a well known tumor suppressor protein that plays a critical role in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. It has several isoforms which are produced by transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms. p53 mRNA has been demonstrated to be translated into two isoforms, full-length p53 (FL-p53) and a truncated isoform ΔN-p53 by the use of alternative translation initiation sites. The mechanism of translation regulation of these two isoforms was further elucidated by the discovery of IRES elements in the p53 mRNA. These two IRESs were shown to regulate the translation of p53 and ΔN-p53 in a distinct cell-cycle phase-dependent manner. This review focuses on the current understanding of the regulation of p53 IRES mediated translation and the role of cis and trans acting factors that influence expression of p53 isoforms.
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Abstract
The function of p53 is best understood in response to genotoxic stress, but increasing evidence suggests that p53 also plays a key role in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis. p53 and its family members directly influence various metabolic pathways, enabling cells to respond to metabolic stress. These functions are likely to be important for restraining the development of cancer but could also have a profound effect on the development of metabolic diseases, including diabetes. A better understanding of the metabolic functions of p53 family members may aid in the identification of therapeutic targets and reveal novel uses for p53-modulating drugs.
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40
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Franck D, Tracy L, Armata HL, Delaney CL, Jung DY, Ko HJ, Ong H, Kim JK, Scrable H, Sluss HK. Glucose Tolerance in Mice is Linked to the Dose of the p53 Transactivation Domain. Endocr Res 2013; 38:139-150. [PMID: 23102272 PMCID: PMC5074905 DOI: 10.3109/07435800.2012.735735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM To test the transactivation domain-mediated control of glucose homeostasis by the tumor suppressor p53. BACKGROUND The tumor suppressor p53 has a critical role in maintenance of glucose homeostasis. Phosphorylation of Ser18 in the transaction domain of p53 controls the expression of Zpf385a, a zinc finger protein that regulates adipogenesis and adipose function. This results suggest that the transactivation domain of p53 is essential to the control of glucose homeostasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice with mutations in the p53 transactivation domain were examined for glucose homeostasis as well as various metabolic parameters. Glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance tests were performed on age matched wild type and mutant animals. In addition, mice expressing increased dosage of p53 were also examined. RESULTS Mice with a mutation in p53Ser18 exhibit reduced Zpf385a expression in adipose tissue, adipose tissue-specific insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance. Mice with relative deficits in the transactivation domain of p53 exhibit similar defects in glucose homeostasis, while "Super p53" mice with an increased dosage of p53 exhibit improved glucose tolerance. CONCLUSION These data support the role of an ATM-p53 cellular stress axis that helps combat glucose intolerance and insulin resistance and regulates glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra Franck
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
- Department of Biology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609 USA
| | - Laura Tracy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
- Department of Biology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609 USA
| | - Heather L. Armata
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
| | - Christine L. Delaney
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
| | - Dae Young Jung
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
| | - Hwi Jin Ko
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
| | - Helena Ong
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
| | - Jason K. Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
| | | | - Hayla K. Sluss
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
- Corresponding author: Hayla K. Sluss, Department of Medicine, LRB 370W, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation St., Worcester, MA 01655 USA, Phone: (508) 856-3372,
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Systems biology approach reveals genome to phenome correlation in type 2 diabetes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53522. [PMID: 23308243 PMCID: PMC3538588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have discovered association of several loci with Type 2 diabetes (T2D), a common complex disease characterized by impaired insulin secretion by pancreatic β cells and insulin signaling in target tissues. However, effect of genetic risk variants on continuous glycemic measures in nondiabetic subjects mainly elucidates perturbation of insulin secretion. Also, the disease associated genes do not clearly converge on functional categories consistent with the known aspects of T2D pathophysiology. We used a systems biology approach to unravel genome to phenome correlation in T2D. We first examined enrichment of pathways in genes identified in T2D GWASs at genome-wide or lower levels of significance. Genes at lower significance threshold showed enrichment of insulin secretion related pathway. Notably, physical and genetic interaction network of these genes showed robust enrichment of insulin signaling and other T2D pathophysiology related pathways including insulin secretion. The network also overrepresented genes reported to interact with insulin secretion and insulin action targeting antidiabetic drugs. The drug interacting genes themselves showed overrepresentation of insulin signaling and other T2D relevant pathways. Next, we generated genome-wide expression profiles of multiple insulin responsive tissues from nondiabetic and diabetic patients. Remarkably, the differentially expressed genes showed significant overlap with the network genes, with the intersection showing enrichment of insulin signaling and other pathways consistent with T2D pathophysiology. Literature search led our genomic, interactomic, transcriptomic and toxicogenomic evidence to converge on TGF-beta signaling, a pathway known to play a crucial role in pancreatic islets development and function, and insulin signaling. Cumulatively, we find that GWAS genes relate directly to insulin secretion and indirectly, through collaborating with other genes, to insulin resistance. This seems to support the epidemiological evidence that environmentally triggered insulin resistance interacts with genetically programmed β cell dysfunction to precipitate diabetes.
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Smith JA, Daniel R. Stem cells and aging: a chicken-or-the-egg issue? Aging Dis 2012; 3:260-268. [PMID: 22724084 PMCID: PMC3375082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a process that involves all organs and tissues of the human organism. Cells and tissues are impacted by aging in differing degrees, depending on their regenerative potential and sensitivity to outside stimuli. In this review, we discuss the potential role of adult stem cells in the aging process, and the new results that support the role of stem cells in the aging process. Finally, we discuss new evidence from progeroid syndromes that supports the stem cell hypothesis of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna A. Smith
- Division of Infectious Diseases – Center for Human Virology, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - René Daniel
- Division of Infectious Diseases – Center for Human Virology, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Kimmel Cancer Center, Immunology Program, Thomas Jefferson University, PA 19107, USA
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Kon N, Zhong J, Qiang L, Accili D, Gu W. Inactivation of arf-bp1 induces p53 activation and diabetic phenotypes in mice. J Biol Chem 2011; 287:5102-11. [PMID: 22187431 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.322867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well accepted that the Mdm2 ubiquitin ligase acts as a major factor in controlling p53 stability and activity in vivo. Although several E3 ligases have been reported to be involved in Mdm2-independent p53 degradation, the roles of these ligases in p53 regulation in vivo remain largely unknown. To elucidate the physiological role of the ubiquitin ligase ARF-BP1, we generated arf-bp1 mutant mice. We found that inactivation of arf-bp1 during embryonic development in mice resulted in p53 activation and embryonic lethality, but the mice with arf-bp1 deletion specifically in the pancreatic β-cells (arf-bp1(FL/Y)/RIP-cre) were viable and displayed no obvious abnormality after birth. Interestingly, these mice showed dramatic loss of β-cells as mice aged, and >50% of these mice died of severe diabetic symptoms before reaching 1 year of age. Notably, the diabetic phenotype of these mice was largely reversed by concomitant deletion of p53, and the life span of the mice was significantly extended (p53(LFL/FL)/arf-bp1(FL/Y)/RIP-cre). These findings underscore an important role of ARF-BP1 in maintaining β-cell homeostasis in aging mice and reveal that the stability of p53 is critically regulated by ARF-BP1 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Kon
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, USA
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Marcel V, Dichtel-Danjoy ML, Sagne C, Hafsi H, Ma D, Ortiz-Cuaran S, Olivier M, Hall J, Mollereau B, Hainaut P, Bourdon JC. Biological functions of p53 isoforms through evolution: lessons from animal and cellular models. Cell Death Differ 2011; 18:1815-24. [PMID: 21941372 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2011.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The TP53 tumour-suppressor gene is expressed as several protein isoforms generated by different mechanisms, including use of alternative promoters, splicing sites and translational initiation sites, that are conserved through evolution and within the TP53 homologues, TP63 and TP73. Although first described in the eighties, the importance of p53 isoforms in regulating the suppressive functions of p53 has only become evident in the last 10 years, by analogy with observations that p63 and p73 isoforms appeared indispensable to fully understand the biological functions of TP63 and TP73. This review summarizes recent advances in the field of 'p53 isoforms', including new data on p63 and p73 isoforms. Details of the alternative mechanisms that produce p53 isoforms and cis- and trans-regulators identified are provided. The main focus is on their biological functions (apoptosis, cell cycle, aging and so on) in cellular and animal models, including mouse, zebrafish and Drosophila. Finally, the deregulation of p53 isoform expression in human cancers is reviewed. Based on these latest results, several developments are expected in the future: the identification of drugs modulating p53 isoform expression; the generation of animal models and the evaluation of the use of p53 isoform as biomarkers in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Marcel
- Centre for Oncology and Molecular Medicine, INSERM-European Associated Laboratory, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, Scotland, UK
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Meeting Report: American Aging Association 40th Annual Meeting, Raleigh, North Carolina, June 3–6, 2011. Rejuvenation Res 2011; 14:449-55. [DOI: 10.1089/rej.2011.1216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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