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Elnahas SM, Mansour HAEH, El-Sawi MR, Abou-El-Naga AM. Paper title: Therapeutic effect of Momordica charantia on cardiomyopathy in a diabetic maternal rat model. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38973290 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Myocardial structural and functional abnormalities are hallmarks of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), a chronic consequence of diabetes mellitus (DM). Maternal DM affects and increases the risk of heart defects in diabetic mothers compared with nondiabetic mothers. Momordica charantia exhibits antidiabetic effects due to various bioactive compounds that are phytochemicals, a broad group that includes phenolic compounds, alkaloids, proteins, steroids, inorganic compounds, and lipids. Pregnant maternal rats were split into four groups: control (C), M. charantia-treated (MC), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (DM), and diabetic (MC + DM) groups. Diabetes mothers had increased serum glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Cardiac biomarkers such as cardiac troponin T (cTnT), creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB), and lactate dehydrogenase were increased. Hormone levels of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, progesterone, and estrogen decreased significantly. Inflammatory markers such as interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) were elevated in diabetic mothers. Oxidative stress markers indicated increased malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels, while antioxidants such as glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were decreased in maternal heart tissue. The levels of apoptotic markers such as tumor suppressor 53 (P53) and cysteine aspartic protease-3 (caspase-3) were significantly greater in diabetic maternal heart tissue. Histopathological analysis revealed heart tissue abnormalities in diabetic maternal rats. M. charantia extract improved maternal diabetes-induced changes in inflammation, antioxidant levels, and heart tissue structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa M Elnahas
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Mamdouh R El-Sawi
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Wang G, Song S, Shen WB, Reece EA, Yang P. MicroRNA-322 overexpression reduces neural tube defects in diabetic pregnancies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024; 230:254.e1-254.e13. [PMID: 37531989 PMCID: PMC10828117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperglycemia from pregestational diabetes mellitus induces neural tube defects in the developing fetus. Folate supplementation is the only effective way to prevent neural tube defects; however, some cases of neural tube defects are resistant to folate. Excess folate has been linked to higher maternal cancer risk and infant allergy. Therefore, additional interventions are needed. Understanding the mechanisms underlying maternal diabetes mellitus-induced neural tube defects can identify potential targets for preventing such defects. Despite not yet being in clinical use, growing evidence suggests that microRNAs are important intermediates in embryonic development and can serve as both biomarkers and drug targets for disease intervention. Our previous studies showed that maternal diabetes mellitus in vivo activates the inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endoribonuclease 1α (IRE1α) in the developing embryo and that a high glucose condition in vitro reduces microRNA-322 (miR-322) levels. IRE1α is an RNA endonuclease; however, it is unknown whether IRE1α targets and degrades miR-322 specifically or whether miR-322 degradation leads to neural tube defects via apoptosis. We hypothesize that IRE1α can inhibit miR-322 in maternal diabetes mellitus-induced neural tube defects and that restoring miR-322 expression in developing neuroepithelium ameliorates neural tube defects. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify potential targets for preventing maternal diabetes mellitus-induced neural tube defects and to investigate the roles and relationship of a microRNA and an RNA endonuclease in mouse embryos exposed to maternal diabetes mellitus. STUDY DESIGN To determine whether miR-322 reduction is necessary for neural tube defect formation in pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus, male mice carrying a transgene expressing miR-322 were mated with nondiabetic or diabetic wide-type female mice to generate embryos with or without miR-322 overexpression. At embryonic day 8.5 when the neural tube is not yet closed, embryos were harvested for the assessment of 3 miR-322 transcripts (primary, precursor, and mature miR-322), tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3), and neuroepithelium cell survival. Neural tube defect incidences were determined in embryonic day 10.5 embryos when the neural tube should be closed if there is no neural tube defect formation. To identify which miR-322 transcript is affected by maternal diabetes mellitus and high glucose conditions, 3 miR-322 transcripts were assessed in embryos from dams with or without diabetes mellitus and in C17.2 mouse neural stem cells treated with different concentrations of glucose and at different time points. To determine whether the endonuclease IRE1α targets miR-322, small interfering RNA knockdown of IRE1α or overexpression of inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endoribonuclease 1α by DNA plasmid transfection was used to determine the effect of IRE1α deficiency or overexpression on miR-322 expression. RNA immunoprecipitation was performed to reveal the direct targets of inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endoribonuclease 1α. RESULTS Maternal diabetes mellitus suppressed miR-322 expression in the developing neuroepithelium. Restoring miR-322 expression in the neuroepithelium blocked maternal diabetes mellitus-induced caspase-3 and caspase-8 cleavage and cell apoptosis, leading to a neural tube defect reduction. Reversal of maternal diabetes mellitus-inhibited miR-322 via transgenic overexpression prevented TRAF3 up-regulation in embryos exposed to maternal diabetes mellitus. Activated IRE1α acted as an endonuclease and degraded precursor miR-322, resulting in mature miR-322 reduction. CONCLUSION This study supports the crucial role of the IRE1α-microRNA-TRAF3 circuit in the induction of neuroepithelial cell apoptosis and neural tube defect formation in pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus and identifies IRE1α and miR-322 as potential targets for preventing maternal diabetes mellitus-induced neural tube defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Shicong Song
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Wei-Bin Shen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - E Albert Reece
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Peixin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
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Mondal S, Basu S, Ghosh S, Guria S, Mukherjee S. Diethyl phthalate, a plasticizer, induces adipocyte inflammation and apoptosis in mice after long-term dietary administration. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23561. [PMID: 37942807 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of metabolic diseases is increasing alarmingly in recent times. Parallel to nutritional excess and sedentary lifestyle, the random usage of several endocrine disrupting chemicals including plasticizers is reported to be closely associated with metabolic diseases. Diethyl phthalate (DEP) is a widely used plasticizer in a host of consumer and daily care products. Adipose tissue plays a central role in energy storage and whole-body metabolism. The impairment of adipose function is critically implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, diabetes, and related metabolic diseases. Recently, exposure to certain phthalate esters has been linked to the development of obesity and diabetes, although there are contradictions and the mechanisms are not clearly understood. In an effort to ascertain the metabolic consequences of chronic phthalate exposure and the underlying mechanism, the present study was designed to examine the effects of long-term dietary consumption of DEP in adipocytes. DEP-treated mice were hyperglycemic but nonobese; their body weight initially increased which subsequently was reduced compared to control. DEP exposure at lower levels impaired adipogenesis by downregulating the key transcription factor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and its downstream insulin-sensitizing adipokine, adiponectin, thereby severely compromising adipocyte function. The activation of master regulator nuclear factor κB led to rise in proinflammatory cytokines. We found that DEP triggered intrinsic apoptotic pathways through activated cytochrome c-Apaf1-caspase 9-caspase 3 axis in adipocytes. Taken together, our data revealed that chronic administration of dietary DEP could unleash adverse metabolic outcomes by initiating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the adipocytes, thus leading to adipose tissue dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirsha Mondal
- Department of Zoology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan, West Bengal, India
| | - Soumyadeep Basu
- Department of Zoology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan, West Bengal, India
| | - Songita Ghosh
- Department of Zoology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan, West Bengal, India
| | - Suktara Guria
- Department of Zoology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan, West Bengal, India
| | - Sutapa Mukherjee
- Department of Zoology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan, West Bengal, India
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Hong J, Tong H, Wang X, Lv X, He L, Yang X, Wang Y, Xu K, Liang Q, Feng Q, Niu T, Niu X, Lu Y. Embryonic diapause due to high glucose is related to changes in glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, as well as abnormalities in the TCA cycle and amino acid metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1135837. [PMID: 38170036 PMCID: PMC10759208 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1135837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The adverse effects of high glucose on embryos can be traced to the preimplantation stage. This study aimed to observe the effect of high glucose on early-stage embryos. Methods and results Seven-week-old ICR female mice were superovulated and mated, and the zygotes were collected. The zygotes were randomly cultured in 5 different glucose concentrations (control, 20mM, 40mM, 60mM and 80mM glucose). The cleavage rate, blastocyst rate and total cell number of blastocyst were used to assess the embryo quality. 40 mM glucose was selected to model high glucose levels in this study. 40mM glucose arrested early embryonic development, and the blastocyst rate and total cell number of the blastocyst decreased significantly as glucose concentration was increased. The reduction in the total cell number of blastocysts in the high glucose group was attributed to decreased proliferation and increased cell apoptosis, which is associated with the diminished expression of GLUTs (GLUT1, GLUT2, GLUT3). Furthermore, the metabolic characterization of blastocyst culture was observed in the high-glucose environment. Discussion The balance of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation at the blastocyst stage was disrupted. And embryo development arrest due to high glucose is associated with changes in glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, as well as abnormalities in the TCA cycle and amino acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiewei Hong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxuan Tong
- Institute of Basic Theory of Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Party Committee Office, Shanxi Health Vocational College, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyan Lv
- Library Collection and Editing Department, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lijuan He
- Rehabilitation Department, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xuezhi Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yingli Wang
- Experimental Management Center, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi, China
| | - Kaixia Xu
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi, China
| | - Qi Liang
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Qianjin Feng
- Experimental Management Center, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi, China
| | - Tingli Niu
- Medical Insurance Office, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Niu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Wang X, Yang C, Ru Y, Xie L, Xiao B, Jin X, Ma C, Chai Z, Fan H. An optimal combination of five main monomer components in Wuzi Yanzong Pill that prevents neural tube defects and reduces apoptosis and oxidative stress. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 313:116540. [PMID: 37088238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Wuzi Yanzong pill (WYP) is a classic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula that is used for reproductive system diseases. Previous studies showed that WYP had a preventive effect on the development of neural tube defects (NTDs) induced by all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) in mice. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to determine the optimal combination of main monomer components in WYP on preventing NTDs and to understand the underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS An optimal combination was made from five representative components in WYP including hyperoside, acteoside, schizandrol A, kaempferide and ellagic acid by orthogonal design method. In a mouse model of NTDs induced by intraperitoneal injection of atRA, pathological changes of neural tube tissues were observed by Hematoxylin & Eosin (HE) staining, neural tube epithelial cells apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL), protein changes related to apoptosis, anti-apoptosis, and antioxidant factors were detected with Western blot. Potential targets and mechanisms of monomer compatibility group (MCG) acting on NTDs were analyzed by bioinformatics. RESULTS Treatment with different combinations of WYP bioactive ingredients resulted in varying decreases in the incidence of NTDs in mice embryos. The combination of MCG15 (200 mg/kg of hyperoside, 100 mg/kg of acteoside, 10 mg/kg of schizandrol A, 100 mg/kg of kaempferide and 1 mg/kg of ellagic acid) showed the most significant reduction in NTD incidence. Mechanistically, MCG15 inhibited apoptosis and oxidative stress, as evidenced by reduced TUNEL-positive cells, downregulation of caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3, Bad, and Bax, and upregulation of Bcl-2, as well as decreased MDA and increased SOD, CAT, GSH, HO-1, and GPX1 levels. Bioinformatics analysis showed that MCG15 acted on the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which was confirmed by Western blot analysis showing increased expression of p-PI3K, p-Akt/Akt, and Nrf2 related indicators. CONCLUSION We have identified an optimal combination of five bioactive components in WYP (MCG15) that prevented NTDs in mice embryos induced by atRA by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and inhibiting apoptosis and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinliang Wang
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Neurobiology Research Center, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Chanjuan Yang
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Neurobiology Research Center, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Yi Ru
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Neurobiology Research Center, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Liangqi Xie
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Neurobiology Research Center, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Baoguo Xiao
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiaoming Jin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Neurological Surgery, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute. Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Cungen Ma
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Neurobiology Research Center, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, China.
| | - Zhi Chai
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Neurobiology Research Center, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, China.
| | - Huijie Fan
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Neurobiology Research Center, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, China.
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Engelhardt DM, Martyr CA, Niswander L. Pathogenesis of neural tube defects: The regulation and disruption of cellular processes underlying neural tube closure. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1559. [PMID: 35504597 PMCID: PMC9605354 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Neural tube closure (NTC) is crucial for proper development of the brain and spinal cord and requires precise morphogenesis from a sheet of cells to an intact three-dimensional structure. NTC is dependent on successful regulation of hundreds of genes, a myriad of signaling pathways, concentration gradients, and is influenced by epigenetic and environmental cues. Failure of NTC is termed a neural tube defect (NTD) and is a leading class of congenital defects in the United States and worldwide. Though NTDs are all defined as incomplete closure of the neural tube, the pathogenesis of an NTD determines the type, severity, positioning, and accompanying phenotypes. In this review, we survey pathogenesis of NTDs relating to disruption of cellular processes arising from genetic mutations, altered epigenetic regulation, and environmental influences by micronutrients and maternal condition. This article is categorized under: Congenital Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics Neurological Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics Neurological Diseases > Stem Cells and Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Engelhardt
- Molecular Cellular Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Cara A Martyr
- Molecular Cellular Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Lee Niswander
- Molecular Cellular Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
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Cao S, Wu Y, Albert Reece E, Xu C, Shen WB, Kaushal S, Yang P. Functional cargos of exosomes derived from Flk-1 + vascular progenitors enable neurulation and ameliorate embryonic anomalies in diabetic pregnancy. Commun Biol 2022; 5:648. [PMID: 35778435 PMCID: PMC9249756 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03614-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Various types of progenitors initiate individual organ formation and their crosstalk orchestrates morphogenesis for the entire embryo. Here we show that progenitor exosomal communication across embryonic organs occurs in normal development and is altered in embryos of diabetic pregnancy. Endoderm fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) stimulates mesoderm Flk-1+ vascular progenitors to produce exosomes containing the anti-stress protein Survivin. These exosomes act on neural stem cells of the neuroepithelium to facilitate neurulation by inhibiting cellular stress and apoptosis. Maternal diabetes causes Flk-1+ progenitor dysfunction by suppressing FGF2 through DNA hypermethylation. Restoring endoderm FGF2 prevents diabetes-induced survivin reduction in Flk-1+ progenitor exosomes. Transgenic Survivin expression in Flk-1+ progenitors or in utero delivery of survivin-enriched exosomes restores cellular homeostasis and prevents diabetes-induced neural tube defects (NTDs), whereas inhibiting exosome production induces NTDs. Thus, functional inter-organ communication via Flk-1 exosomes is vital for neurulation and its disruption leads to embryonic anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songying Cao
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Zhejiang Province, 325035, Wenzhou, China
| | - E Albert Reece
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wei-Bin Shen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sunjay Kaushal
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Peixin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Gene Networks of Hyperglycemia, Diabetic Complications, and Human Proteins Targeted by SARS-CoV-2: What Is the Molecular Basis for Comorbidity? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137247. [PMID: 35806251 PMCID: PMC9266766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
People with diabetes are more likely to have severe COVID-19 compared to the general population. Moreover, diabetes and COVID-19 demonstrate a certain parallelism in the mechanisms and organ damage. In this work, we applied bioinformatics analysis of associative molecular networks to identify key molecules and pathophysiological processes that determine SARS-CoV-2-induced disorders in patients with diabetes. Using text-mining-based approaches and ANDSystem as a bioinformatics tool, we reconstructed and matched networks related to hyperglycemia, diabetic complications, insulin resistance, and beta cell dysfunction with networks of SARS-CoV-2-targeted proteins. The latter included SARS-CoV-2 entry receptors (ACE2 and DPP4), SARS-CoV-2 entry associated proteases (TMPRSS2, CTSB, and CTSL), and 332 human intracellular proteins interacting with SARS-CoV-2. A number of genes/proteins targeted by SARS-CoV-2 (ACE2, BRD2, COMT, CTSB, CTSL, DNMT1, DPP4, ERP44, F2RL1, GDF15, GPX1, HDAC2, HMOX1, HYOU1, IDE, LOX, NUTF2, PCNT, PLAT, RAB10, RHOA, SCARB1, and SELENOS) were found in the networks of vascular diabetic complications and insulin resistance. According to the Gene Ontology enrichment analysis, the defined molecules are involved in the response to hypoxia, reactive oxygen species metabolism, immune and inflammatory response, regulation of angiogenesis, platelet degranulation, and other processes. The results expand the understanding of the molecular basis of diabetes and COVID-19 comorbidity.
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The Formation of Melanocyte Apoptotic Bodies in Vitiligo and the Relocation of Vitiligo Autoantigens under Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:7617839. [PMID: 34745423 PMCID: PMC8568525 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7617839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress has a vital role in the early stages of vitiligo. Autoantigens released from apoptotic melanocytes (MC) under oxidative stress are involved in the presentation and recognition of antigens. However, the transport of autoantigens to the cell surface and their release to the extracellular environment are still unclear. Apoptotic bodies (ABs) have always been considered as a key source of immunomodulators and autoantigens. Yet, the role of ABs in the immune mechanism of vitiligo is still unknown. Purpose To explore whether MC's autoantigens translocate into ABs during oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and study the molecular mechanisms underlying autoantigen migration and AB formation. Methods PIG3V (an immortalized human vitiligo melanocyte cell line) were treated with H2O2, and ABs were separated. Transmission electron microscopy, flow cytometry, Western blot, mass spectrometry, and other methods were used to determine the relocation of specific antigens in PIG3V cells to ABs. After pretreatment with specific inhibitors (Rho kinase (Y-27632), myosin light chain kinase (MLCK, ML-9), pan-caspase (zVAD-FMK), and JNK (SP600125)), the pathway of autoantigen translocation into ABs and the formation of apoptotic bodies were determined. Results When treated with 0.8 mM H2O2, ABs were released from these cells. Autoantigens such as tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP-1) and cleavage nuclear membrane antigen Lamin A/C (Asp230) were concentrated in ABs. The expression of autoantigens and the formation of ABs increased in a time- and dose-dependent manner after treatment with H2O2, while the application of specific inhibitors inhibited the formation of apoptotic bodies, i.e., the expression of antigens. Conclusion Vitiligo autoantigens translocate into ABs in the process of apoptosis induced by oxidative stress. The cytoskeletal protein activation pathway and the JNK-related apoptosis pathway are involved in the transport of autoantigens and the formation of ABs. ABs may be the key bridge between MC cell apoptosis and cellular immunity.
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Xu C, Shen WB, Reece EA, Hasuwa H, Harman C, Kaushal S, Yang P. Maternal diabetes induces senescence and neural tube defects sensitive to the senomorphic rapamycin. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/27/eabf5089. [PMID: 34193422 PMCID: PMC8245044 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf5089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are the second most common structural birth defect. Senescence, a state of permanent cell cycle arrest, occurs only after neural tube closure. Maternal diabetes-induced NTDs are severe diabetic complications that lead to infant mortality or lifelong morbidity and may be linked to premature senescence. Here, we report that premature senescence occurs in the mouse neuroepithelium and disrupts neurulation, leading to NTDs in diabetic pregnancy. Premature senescence and NTDs were abolished by knockout of the transcription factor Foxo3a, the miR-200c gene, and the cell cycle inhibitors p21 and p27; transgenic expression of the dominant-negative FoxO3a mutant; or the senomorphic rapamycin. Double transgenic expression of p21 and p27 mimicked maternal diabetes in inducing premature neuroepithelium senescence and NTDs. These findings integrate transcription- and epigenome-regulated miRNAs and cell cycle regulators in premature neuroepithelium senescence and provide a mechanistic basis for targeting premature senescence and NTDs using senomorphics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wei-Bin Shen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - E Albert Reece
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hidetoshi Hasuwa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Christopher Harman
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sunjay Kaushal
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peixin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Genetic Polymorphisms in DNA Repair Gene APE1/Ref-1 and the Risk of Neural Tube Defects in a High-Risk Area of China. Reprod Sci 2021; 28:2592-2601. [PMID: 33761125 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00537-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox-factor 1 (APE1/Ref-1) gene encodes a multifunctional protein involved in the DNA base excision repair (BER) pathway, which initiates repair of apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites in DNA by catalyzing hydrolytic incision of the phosphodiester backbone. APE1/Ref-1 polymorphisms are related to the occurrence of neural tube defects (NTDs), but the association between APE1/Ref-1 polymorphisms and NTDs is not reported in Chinese Han population. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association of APE1/Ref-1 polymorphism and the risk of NTD occurrence for Han population in a high-risk area of China. APE1/Ref-1 genotypes were determined by iPLEX Gold SNP genotyping. AP sites and folate level of brain tissues were measured. The results showed that three polymorphisms (rs3136817, rs77794916, and rs1760944) of APE1/Ref-1 were statistically associated with NTD subtypes. Allele C of rs3136817, allele T of rs77794916, and allele G of rs1760944 were associated with an increased risk for encephalocele (OR = 2.52, 95% CI [1.25-5.07], P < 0.01; OR = 1.80, 95% CI [1.04-3.12], P = 0.04; and OR = 1.96, 95% CI [1.12-3.45], P = 0.02), compared with those harboring the alleles T, C, and T, respectively. The folate level in NTDs was lower than that in controls. DNA AP sites in the encephalocele were significantly higher than the control (P < 0.01). The three polymorphisms of APE1/Ref-1 were significantly related to NTD occurrence, which indicated that APE1/Ref-1 might be a potential genetic risk factor for encephalocele in a high-risk area of NTDs in China.
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Tossetta G, Fantone S, Giannubilo SR, Marzioni D. The Multifaced Actions of Curcumin in Pregnancy Outcome. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10010126. [PMID: 33477354 PMCID: PMC7830020 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin, also known as diferuloylmethane, is the main polyphenolic substance present in the rhizomes of Curcuma longa L. This plant showed many beneficial effects and has been used since ancient times for both food and pharmaceutical purposes. Due to its pleiotropic functions, curcumin consumption in the human diet has become very common thanks also to the fact that this natural compound is considered quite safe as it does not have serious side effects. Its functions as an anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, anti-toxicant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-diabetic compound are already known and widely demonstrated. There are numerous studies concerning its effects on various human pathologies including cancer, diabetes and arthritis while the studies on curcumin during pregnancy have been performed only in animal models. Data concerning the role of curcumin as anti-inflammatory compound suggest a possible use of curcumin in managing pregnancy complications such as Preeclampsia (PE), Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR), PreTerm Birth (PTB), and exposure to toxic agents and pathogens. The aim of this review is to present data to support the possible use of curcumin in clinical trials on human gestation complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Tossetta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (G.T.); (S.F.)
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Salesi Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, 60126 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Sonia Fantone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (G.T.); (S.F.)
| | - Stefano Raffaele Giannubilo
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Salesi Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, 60126 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Daniela Marzioni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (G.T.); (S.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+39-071.2206268
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Cao S, Shen WB, Reece EA, Yang P. Deficiency of the oxidative stress-responsive kinase p70S6K1 restores autophagy and ameliorates neural tube defects in diabetic embryopathy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020; 223:753.e1-753.e14. [PMID: 32416155 PMCID: PMC7609618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy is highly active in neuroepithelial cells of the developing neuroepithelium, and impairment of autophagy leads to neural tube defects. In this study, we have found that maternal diabetes suppresses autophagy that leads to neural tube defects and consequent cellular imbalance in the endoplasmic reticulum where critical events occur, leading to the induction of diabetic embryopathy. Because the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway suppresses autophagy, we hypothesized that 70 kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (p70S6K1), a major downstream effector of mammalian target of rapamycin, mediates the inhibitory effect of maternal diabetes on autophagy in the developing neuroepithelium. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether p70S6K1 mediates the inhibitory effect of maternal diabetes on autophagy during neurulation. We also examined whether p70S6K1 deficiency restores autophagy and therefore relieves endoplasmic reticulum stress and inhibits maternal diabetes-induced apoptosis, which leads to reduction in neural tube defect incidence in diabetic embryopathy. STUDY DESIGN Female p70S6K1 heterogeneous knockout (p70S6K1+/-) mice were bred with male p70S6K1 heterogeneous knockout (p70S6K1+/-) mice to generate wild-type (WT), p70S6K1+/- and p70S6K1 knockout (p70S6K1-/-) embryos. Embryos at embryonic day 8.5 were harvested for the assessment of indices of autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptosis. Neural tube defect incidence in embryos was determined at embryonic day 10.5. For in vitro studies, small interfering RNA knockdown of p70S6K1 in C17.2 mouse neural stem cells was used to determine the effect of p70S6K1 deficiency on autophagy impairment and endoplasmic reticulum stress under high glucose conditions. RESULTS Knockout of the Rps6kb1 gene, which encodes for p70S6K1, ameliorated maternal diabetes-induced NTDs and restored autophagosome formation in neuroepithelial cells suppressed by maternal diabetes. Maternal diabetes-suppressed conversion of LC3-I (microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3) to LC3-II, an index of autophagic activity, in neurulation stage embryos was abrogated in the absence of p70S6K1. p70S6K1 knockdown in neural stem cells also restored autophagosome formation and the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II. The activation of the major unfolded protein response, indicated by phosphorylation of inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha, and protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase, and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α, and the increase of the endoplasmic reticulum stress marker, C/EBP homologous protein, were induced by maternal diabetes in vivo and high glucose in vitro. Unfolded protein response and endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by maternal diabetes or high glucose were reduced by Rps6kb1 deletion or p70S6K1 knockdown, respectively. Rps6kb1 knockout blocked maternal diabetes-induced caspase cleavage and neuroepithelial cell apoptosis. The superoxide dismutase mimetic Tempol abolished high glucose-induced p70S6K1 activation. CONCLUSION The study revealed the critical involvement of p70S6K1 in the pathogenesis of diabetic embryopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songying Cao
- Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Wei-Bin Shen
- Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - E Albert Reece
- Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Peixin Yang
- Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
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Cao S, Reece EA, Shen WB, Yang P. Restoring BMP4 expression in vascular endothelial progenitors ameliorates maternal diabetes-induced apoptosis and neural tube defects. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:859. [PMID: 33060561 PMCID: PMC7562732 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03078-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During mouse embryonic development, vasculogenesis initially occurs in the yolk sac, preceding neurulation. Our previous studies have demonstrated that maternal diabetes induces embryonic vasculopathy at early embryonic developmental stage by suppressing the expression of vascular growth factors including BMP4 (bone morphogenetic protein 4). This study aimed to determine whether restoring diabetes-inhibited BMP4 expression in Flk-1+ progenitors effectively prevented maternal diabetes-induced embryonic vasculopathy and NTDs. Transgenic (Tg) BMP4 expression in the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (Flk-1)-positive (Flk-1+) progenitors was achieved by crossing a Floxed BMP4 Tg mouse line with the Flk-1-Cre mouse line. Non-BMP4 Tg and BMP4 Tg embryos were harvested at E8.5 to assess the expression of BMP4, markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress, and expression of the Id genes, direct targets of BMP4; and the presence of cleaved caspase 3 and 8, apoptosis, and Smad signaling. BMP4 Tg overexpression neutralized its down-regulation by maternal diabetes in E8.5 embryos. Maternal diabetes-induced Flk-1+ progenitor apoptosis, impairment of blood island formation, and reduction of Flk-1+ progenitor number and blood vessel density, which were reversed by BMP4 Tg expression. BMP4 Tg expression in Flk-1+ progenitors blocked maternal diabetes-induced vasculopathy in early stage embryos (E7.5-E8.5) and consequently led to amelioration of maternal diabetes-induced neural tube defects (NTDs) at E10.5. BMP4 Tg expression inhibited maternal diabetes-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and caspase cascade activation in the developing neuroepithelium, and reduced neuroepithelial cell apoptosis. BMP4 Tg expression re-activated Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation and reversed maternal diabetes-suppressed Smad4 expression. BMP4 Tg expression restored Id1 and Smad6 expression inhibited by maternal diabetes. In vitro, recombinant BMP4 protein blocked high glucose-induced Flk-1+ progenitor apoptosis and NTDs. These data demonstrate that BMP4 down-regulation in Flk-1+ progenitors are responsible for diabetes-induced yolk sac vasculopathy, and that restoring BMP4 expression prevents vasculopathy and rescues neuroepithelial cells from cellular organelle stress, leading to NTD reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songying Cao
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Science, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - E Albert Reece
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Science, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Wei-Bin Shen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Science, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Peixin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Science, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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15
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Chen X, Shen WB, Yang P, Dong D, Sun W, Yang P. High Glucose Inhibits Neural Stem Cell Differentiation Through Oxidative Stress and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 27:745-755. [PMID: 29695191 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal diabetes induces neural tube defects by suppressing neurogenesis in the developing neuroepithelium. Our recent study further revealed that high glucose inhibited embryonic stem cell differentiation into neural lineage cells. However, the mechanism whereby high glucose suppresses neural differentiation is unclear. To investigate whether high glucose-induced oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress lead to the inhibition of neural differentiation, the effect of high glucose on neural stem cell (the C17.2 cell line) differentiation was examined. Neural stem cells were cultured in normal glucose (5 mM) or high glucose (25 mM) differentiation medium for 3, 5, and 7 days. High glucose suppressed neural stem cell differentiation by significantly decreasing the expression of the neuron marker Tuj1 and the glial cell marker GFAP and the numbers of Tuj1+ and GFAP+ cells. The antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase mimetic Tempol reversed high glucose-decreased Tuj1 and GFAP expression and restored the numbers of neurons and glial cells differentiated from neural stem cells. Hydrogen peroxide treatment imitated the inhibitory effect of high glucose on neural stem cell differentiation. Both high glucose and hydrogen peroxide triggered ER stress, whereas Tempol blocked high glucose-induced ER stress. The ER stress inhibitor, 4-phenylbutyrate, abolished the inhibition of high glucose or hydrogen peroxide on neural stem cell differentiation. Thus, oxidative stress and its resultant ER stress mediate the inhibitory effect of high glucose on neural stem cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- 1 Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wei-Bin Shen
- 1 Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Penghua Yang
- 1 Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Daoyin Dong
- 1 Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Winny Sun
- 1 Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.,2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Peixin Yang
- 1 Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.,2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
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Han L, Jiang Z, Zheng X, Qiu J, Hu Y, Li X. Progress in Development of Interventions to Prevent Birth Defects in Diabetic Pregnancies. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2019; 67:648-653. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c18-01013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhe Jiang
- Yanbian University Hospital
- Yanbian University College of Pharmacy
| | | | - Jun Qiu
- Yanbian University Hospital
- Yanbian University College of Pharmacy
| | - Yawen Hu
- Yanbian University Hospital
- Yanbian University College of Pharmacy
| | - Xuezheng Li
- Yanbian University Hospital
- Yanbian University College of Pharmacy
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17
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Xu C, Chen X, Sheng WB, Yang P. Trehalose restores functional autophagy suppressed by high glucose. Reprod Toxicol 2019; 85:51-58. [PMID: 30769031 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is required for neurulation, and autophagy activators with minimal toxicity, such as the natural compound trehalose, a nonreducing disaccharide, possess high therapeutic value. To determine whether trehalose directly induces autophagy, FITC-labeled trehalose was used for tracing its presence in autophagosome complexes. Trehalose was as potent as rapamycin and starvation in inducing de novo autophagosome formation and increasing autophagosome flux in GFP-LC3 reporter cells and C17.2 neural stem cells. Trehalose effectively reversed high glucose-suppressed autophagy and reduced p62 protein expression. Trehalose abolished the disruption of autophagosome complexes under high glucose conditions in vitro and maternal diabetes in vivo. Autophagosomes induced by trehalose were functionally active, forming mitophagy and reticulophagy in removing damaged cellular organelles in neuroepithelial cells exposed to maternal diabetes. Thus, trehalose directly participated in functional autophagosome generation by incorporating itself into autophagosomes. These findings provide the mechanistic basis for the use of trehalose in preventing disruptive autophagy-associated pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wei-Bin Sheng
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peixin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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18
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Yang P, Xu C, Reece EA, Chen X, Zhong J, Zhan M, Stumpo DJ, Blackshear PJ, Yang P. Tip60- and sirtuin 2-regulated MARCKS acetylation and phosphorylation are required for diabetic embryopathy. Nat Commun 2019; 10:282. [PMID: 30655546 PMCID: PMC6336777 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08268-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Failure of neural tube closure results in severe birth defects and can be induced by high glucose levels resulting from maternal diabetes. MARCKS is required for neural tube closure, but the regulation and of its biological activity and function have remained elusive. Here, we show that high maternal glucose induced MARCKS acetylation at lysine 165 by the acetyltransferase Tip60, which is a prerequisite for its phosphorylation, whereas Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) deacetylated MARCKS. Phosphorylated MARCKS dissociates from organelles, leading to mitochondrial abnormalities and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Phosphorylation dead MARCKS (PD-MARCKS) reversed maternal diabetes-induced cellular organelle stress, apoptosis and delayed neurogenesis in the neuroepithelium and ameliorated neural tube defects. Restoring SIRT2 expression in the developing neuroepithelium exerted identical effects as those of PD-MARCKS. Our studies reveal a new regulatory mechanism for MARCKS acetylation and phosphorylation that disrupts neurulation under diabetic conditions by diminishing the cellular organelle protective effect of MARCKS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghua Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, MD, USA
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, MD, USA
| | - E Albert Reece
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, MD, USA.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, MD, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, MD, USA
| | - Jianxiang Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, MD, USA
| | - Min Zhan
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, MD, USA
| | - Deborah J Stumpo
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Perry J Blackshear
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA.,Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Peixin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, MD, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, MD, USA.
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Zhu YN, Zuo GJ, Wang Q, Chen XM, Cheng JK, Zhang S. The involvement of the mGluR5-mediated JNK signaling pathway in rats with diabetic retinopathy. Int Ophthalmol 2019; 39:2223-2235. [PMID: 30607864 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-018-01061-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand the involvement of the mGluR5-mediated JNK signaling pathway in rats with diabetic retinopathy (DR). METHODS This study established rat models of diabetes mellitus (DM), which were divided into Normal, DM, DM + CHPG (mGluR5 agonist CHPG), and DM + MTEP (mGluR5 antagonist MTEP) groups. The blood glucose and weight of rats were recorded. EB staining was used for observation of blood-retinal barrier (BRB) damage. Neural retina function was measured by pattern electroretinogram (ERG). PAS and NG2 immunohistochemistry were conducted to evaluate the retinal vascular morphology. The TUNEL assay and active caspase-3 immunohistochemistry were performed to detect retinal cell apoptosis. Additionally, the expression levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) were measured. Moreover, expression levels of mGluR5 and JNK pathway-related proteins were detected by western blot. RESULTS When compared with control rats, rats in the DM group showed decreased amplitude and latency of the peak times in the ERG test; further, DM group rats presented increases in blood glucose, BRB permeability, a retinal capillary area density, retinal cell apoptosis with an increased number of active caspase-3-positive cells, MDA level, mGluR5 levels, and the ratio of p-JNK/JNK, and they showed reductions in body weight and SOD activity, as well as in the number of pericytes and in the pericyte coverage (all P < 0.05). However, rats in DM + CHPG group had stronger negative effects than those in DM group (all P < 0.05). Rats from DM + MTEP group showed an opposite trend compared with the DM rats (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The level of mGluR5 in DR rats was upregulated, whereas inhibition of mGluR5 alleviated retinal pathological damage and decreased cell apoptosis to improve DR via suppression of the JNK signaling pathway, which provided a scientific theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ni Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jingzhou First People's Hospital, Jingzhou, Hubei, China.
| | - Guo-Jin Zuo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jingzhou First People's Hospital, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jingzhou First People's Hospital, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jingzhou First People's Hospital, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Jin-Kui Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jingzhou First People's Hospital, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jingzhou First People's Hospital, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
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20
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Xu C, Chen X, Reece EA, Lu W, Yang P. The increased activity of a transcription factor inhibits autophagy in diabetic embryopathy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2019; 220:108.e1-108.e12. [PMID: 30312583 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal diabetes induces neural tube defects and stimulates the activity of the forkhead box O3 (Fox)O3a in the embryonic neuroepithelium. We previously demonstrated that deleting the FOXO3a gene ameliorates maternal diabetes-induced neural tube defects. Macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as "autophagy") is essential for neurulation. Rescuing autophagy suppressed by maternal diabetes in the developing neuroepithelium inhibits neural tube defect formation in diabetic pregnancy. This evidence suggests a possible link between FoxO3a and impaired autophagy in diabetic embryopathy. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine whether maternal diabetes suppresses autophagy through FoxO3a, and if the transcriptional activity of FoxO3a is required for the induction of diabetic embryopathy. STUDY DESIGN We used a well-established type 1 diabetic embryopathy mouse model, in which diabetes was induced by streptozotocin, for our in vivo studies. To determine if FoxO3a mediates the inhibitory effect of maternal diabetes on autophagy in the developing neuroepithelium, we induced diabetic embryopathy in FOXO3a gene knockout mice and FoxO3a dominant negative transgenic mice. Embryos were harvested at embryonic day 8.5 to determine FoxO3a and autophagy activity and at embryonic day 10.5 for the presence of neural tube defects. We also examined the expression of autophagy-related genes. C17.2 neural stem cells were used for in vitro examination of the potential effects of FoxO3a on autophagy. RESULTS Deletion of the FOXO3a gene restored the autophagy markers, lipidation of microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3I to light chain 3II, in neurulation stage embryos. Maternal diabetes decreased light chain 3I-positive puncta number in the neuroepithelium, which was restored by deleting FoxO3a. Maternal diabetes also decreased the expression of positive regulators of autophagy (Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1, Coiled-coil myosin-like BCL2-interacting protein, and autophagy-related gene 5) and the negative regulator of autophagy, p62. FOXO3a gene deletion abrogated the dysregulation of autophagy genes. In vitro data showed that the constitutively active form of FoxO3a mimicked high glucose in repressing autophagy. In cells cultured under high-glucose conditions, overexpression of the dominant negative FoxO3a mutant blocked autophagy impairment. Dominant negative FoxO3a overexpression in the developing neuroepithelium restored autophagy and significantly reduced maternal diabetes-induced apoptosis and neural tube defects. CONCLUSION Our study revealed that diabetes-induced FoxO3a activation inhibited autophagy in the embryonic neuroepithelium. We also observed that FoxO3a transcriptional activity mediated the teratogenic effect of maternal diabetes because dominant negative FoxO3a prevents maternal diabetes-induced autophagy impairment and neural tube defect formation. Our findings suggest that autophagy activators could be therapeutically effective in treating maternal diabetes-induced neural tube defects.
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Chen X, Zhong J, Dong D, Liu G, Yang P. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced CHOP Inhibits PGC-1α and Causes Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Diabetic Embryopathy. Toxicol Sci 2018; 158:275-285. [PMID: 28482072 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been implicated in the development of maternal diabetes-induced neural tube defects (NTDs). ER stress-induced C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) plays an important role in the pro-apoptotic execution pathways. However, the molecular mechanism underlying ER stress- and CHOP-induced neuroepithelium cell apoptosis in diabetic embryopathy is still unclear. Deletion of the Chop gene significantly reduced maternal diabetes-induced NTDs. CHOP deficiency abrogated maternal diabetes-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroepithelium cell apoptosis. Further analysis demonstrated that CHOP repressed the expression of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), an essential regulator for mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Both CHOP deficiency in vivo and knockdown in vitro restore high glucose-suppressed PGC-1α expression. In contrast, CHOP overexpression mimicked inhibition of PGC-1α by high glucose. In response to the ER stress inducer tunicamycin, PGC-1α expression was decreased, whereas the ER stress inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid blocked high glucose-suppressed PGC-1α expression. Moreover, maternal diabetes in vivo and high glucose in vitro promoted the interaction between CHOP and the PGC-1α transcriptional regulator CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-β (C/EBPβ), and reduced C/EBPβ binding to the PGC-1α promoter leading to markedly decrease in PGC-1α expression. Together, our findings support the hypothesis that maternal diabetes-induced ER stress increases CHOP expression which represses PGC-1α through suppressing the C/EBPβ transcriptional activity, subsequently induces mitochondrial dysfunction and ultimately results in NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Center for Translational Research, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences
| | - Jianxiang Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences
| | - Daoyin Dong
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences
| | - Gentao Liu
- Center for Translational Research, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Peixin Yang
- Center for Translational Research, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
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22
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Dong D, Zielke HR, Yeh D, Yang P. Cellular stress and apoptosis contribute to the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder. Autism Res 2018; 11:1076-1090. [PMID: 29761862 DOI: 10.1002/aur.1966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The molecular pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder, a neurodevelopmental disorder, is still elusive. In this study, we investigated the possible roles of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, oxidative stress, and apoptosis as molecular mechanisms underlying autism. This study compared the activation of ER stress signals (protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase [PERK], activating transcription factor 6 [ATF6], inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha [IRE1α]) in different brain regions (prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum) in subjects with autism and in age-matched controls. Our data showed that the activation of three signals of ER stress varies in different regions of the autistic brain. IRE1α was activated in cerebellum and prefrontal cortex but ATF6 was activated in hippocampus. PERK was not activated in the three regions. Furthermore, the activation of ER stress was confirmed because the expression of C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP), which is the common downstream indicators of ER stress signals, and most of ER chaperones were upregulated in the three regions. Consistent with the induction of ER stress, apoptosis was found in the three regions by detecting the cleavage of caspase 8 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase as well as using the transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay. Moreover, our data showed that oxidative stress was responsible for ER stress and apoptosis because the levels of 4-Hydroxynonenal and nitrotyrosine-modified proteins were significantly increased in the three regions. In conclusion, these data indicate that cellular stress and apoptosis may play important roles in the pathogenesis of autism. Autism Res 2018, 11: 1076-1090. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY Autism results in significant morbidity and mortality in children. The functional and molecular changes in the autistic brains are unclear. The present study utilized autistic brain tissues from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development's Brain Tissue Bank for the analysis of cellular and molecular changes in autistic brains. Three key brain regions, the hippocampus, the cerebellum, and the frontal cortex, in six cases of autistic brains and six cases of non-autistic brains from 6 to 16 years old deceased children, were analyzed. The current study investigated the possible roles of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, oxidative stress, and apoptosis as molecular mechanisms underlying autism. The activation of three signals of ER stress (protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase, activating transcription factor 6, inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha) varies in different regions. The occurrence of ER stress leads to apoptosis in autistic brains. ER stress may result from oxidative stress because of elevated levels of the oxidative stress markers: 4-Hydroxynonenal and nitrotyrosine-modified proteins in autistic brains. These findings suggest that cellular stress and apoptosis may contribute to the autistic phenotype. Pharmaceuticals and/or dietary supplements, which can alleviate ER stress, oxidative stress and apoptosis, may be effective in ameliorating adverse phenotypes associated with autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoyin Dong
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Horst Ronald Zielke
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David Yeh
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Peixin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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23
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Lin S, Ren A, Wang L, Huang Y, Wang Y, Wang C, Greene ND. Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Benzo[a]pyrene-Induced Neural Tube Defects. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 116:149-158. [PMID: 29309894 PMCID: PMC5821680 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are among the most common and severe congenital malformations and result from incomplete closure of the neural tube during early development. Maternal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been suggested to be a risk factor for NTDs and previous studies imply that the mechanism underlying the association between PAH exposure and NTDs may involve oxidative stress and apoptosis. The objectives of this study were to investigate whether there is a direct effect of maternal benzo[α] pyrene (BaP) exposure on the closure of the neural tube in mice, and to examine the underlying mechanisms by combining animal experiments and human subject studies. We found that intraperitoneal injection of BaP from embryonic day 7 at a dose of 250 mg kg-1 induced NTDs (13.3% frequency) in ICR mice. BaP exposure significantly increased expression of genes associated with oxidative stress, Cyp1a1, Sod1 and Sod2, while repressing Gpx1. Elevated apoptosis and higher protein expression of cleaved caspase-3 in the neuroepithelium of treated embryos were observed. Pre-treatment with vitamin E, added to food, significantly protected against BaP-induced NTDs (1.4% frequency) (P < 0.05). Vitamin E also partly normalized oxidative stress related gene expression and excess apoptosis in BaP-treated embryos. Examination of human neural tissues revealed that increased levels of protein carbonyl and apoptosis were related with maternal exposure to PAHs and the risk of NTDs. Collectively, these results suggest that BaP exposure could induce NTDs and that this may involve increased oxidative stress and apoptosis, while vitamin E may have a protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Lin
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Aiguo Ren
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Linlin Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yun Huang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Caiyun Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Nicholas D Greene
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, WC1N 1EH, London, United Kingdom
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24
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Asoglu MR, Gabbay-Benziv R, Turan OM, Turan S. Exposure of the developing heart to diabetic environment and early cardiac assessment: A review. Echocardiography 2018; 35:244-257. [DOI: 10.1111/echo.13811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet R. Asoglu
- ObstetricsGynecology & Reproductive Sciences; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Rinat Gabbay-Benziv
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Hillel Yaffe Medical Center; Hadera Israel
| | - Ozhan M. Turan
- ObstetricsGynecology & Reproductive Sciences; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Sifa Turan
- ObstetricsGynecology & Reproductive Sciences; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore MD USA
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25
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Zhao Y, Dong D, Reece EA, Wang AR, Yang P. Oxidative stress-induced miR-27a targets the redox gene nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 in diabetic embryopathy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018; 218:136.e1-136.e10. [PMID: 29100869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal diabetes induces neural tube defects, and oxidative stress is a causal factor for maternal diabetes-induced neural tube defects. The redox gene nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 is the master regulator of the cellular antioxidant system. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to determine whether maternal diabetes inhibits nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 expression and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-controlled antioxidant genes through the redox-sensitive miR-27a. STUDY DESIGN We used a well-established type 1 diabetic embryopathy mouse model induced by streptozotocin for our in vivo studies. Embryos at embryonic day 8.5 were harvested for analysis of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-controlled antioxidant genes, and miR-27a expression. To determine if mitigating oxidative stress inhibits the increase of miR-27a and the decrease of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 expression, we induced diabetic embryopathy in superoxide dismutase 2 (mitochondrial-associated antioxidant gene)-overexpressing mice. This model exhibits reduced mitochondria reactive oxygen species even in the presence of hyperglycemia. To investigate the causal relationship between miR-27a and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 in vitro, we examined C17.2 neural stem cells under normal and high-glucose conditions. RESULTS We observed that the messenger RNA and protein levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 were significantly decreased in embryos on embryonic day 8.5 from diabetic dams compared to those from nondiabetic dams. High-glucose also significantly decreased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner in cultured neural stem cells. Our data revealed that miR-27a was up-regulated in embryos on embryonic day 8.5 exposed to diabetes, and that high glucose increased miR-27a levels in a dose- and time-dependent manner in cultured neural stem cells. In addition, we found that a miR-27a inhibitor abrogated the inhibitory effect of high glucose on nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 expression, and a miR-27a mimic suppressed nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 expression in cultured neural stem cells. Furthermore, our data indicated that the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-controlled antioxidant enzymes glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit, glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit, and glutathione S-transferase A1 were down-regulated by maternal diabetes in embryos on embryonic day 8.5 and high glucose in cultured neural stem cells. Inhibiting miR-27a restored expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit, glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit, and glutathione S-transferase A1. Overexpressing superoxide dismutase 2 reversed the maternal diabetes-induced increase of miR-27a and suppression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-controlled antioxidant enzymes. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that maternal diabetes-induced oxidative stress increases miR-27a, which, in turn, suppresses nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and its responsive antioxidant enzymes, resulting in diabetic embryopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Daoyin Dong
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - E Albert Reece
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ashley R Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Peixin Yang
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University-town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
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26
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Zhang Q, Liu Y, Wang H, Ma L, Xia H, Niu J, Sun T, Zhang L. The preventive effects of taurine on neural tube defects through the Wnt/PCP-Jnk-dependent pathway. Amino Acids 2017; 49:1633-1640. [PMID: 28718066 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2462-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to clarify the protective role of taurine in neuronal apoptosis and the role of the Wnt/PCP-Jnk pathway in mediating the preventive effects of taurine on neural tube defects (NTDs). HT-22 cells (a hippocampal neuron cell line) were divided into a control group, a glutamate-induced apoptosis group, and glutamate (4.0 mmol/L) plus low-dose taurine (L; 0.5 mmol/L) and high-dose taurine (H; 2.0 mmol/L) groups. The MTT assay was used to monitor cell proliferation and cell survival. Immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses were used to determine caspase 9 expression. Retinoic acid (RA) induced embryonic NTDs in Kunming mice, thus establishing an NTD model. Pregnant mice were divided into a control group, an RA (30 mg/kg body weight) group, and an RA (30 mg/kg body weight) plus taurine (free drinking of 2 g/L solution) group. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses were used to detect the expression of Dvl, RhoA and phosphorylated (p)-Jnk/Jnk in the embryonic neural tubes. In HT-22 cells, the apoptosis rate was significantly higher and caspase 9 activation was also significantly increased in the glutamate-induced apoptosis group compared to the L and H taurine groups. In the NTD model, the expression levels of Dvl, RhoA, and p-Jnk were significantly higher in the RA group than in the control group, whereas they were significantly reduced in the RA + taurine group. This study suggests that taurine has positive effects on neuronal protection and NTD prevention. Moreover, the Wnt/PCP-Jnk-dependent pathway plays an important role in taurine-mediated prevention of NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, No. 804 Shenglinajie, XingQing District, Yinchuan, 750004, NingXia, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qingdao Chengyang People's Hospital, Qingdao, 266106, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Monogenic Disease Research Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, No. 804 Shenglinajie, XingQing District, Yinchuan, 750004, NingXia, China
| | - Hechun Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, No. 804 Shenglinajie, XingQing District, Yinchuan, 750004, NingXia, China
| | - Jianguo Niu
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, No. 804 Shenglinajie, XingQing District, Yinchuan, 750004, NingXia, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, No. 804 Shenglinajie, XingQing District, Yinchuan, 750004, NingXia, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Function Examination, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.
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27
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Wang F, Xu C, Reece EA, Li X, Wu Y, Harman C, Yu J, Dong D, Wang C, Yang P, Zhong J, Yang P. Protein kinase C-alpha suppresses autophagy and induces neural tube defects via miR-129-2 in diabetic pregnancy. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15182. [PMID: 28474670 PMCID: PMC5424165 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene deletion-induced autophagy deficiency leads to neural tube defects (NTDs), similar to those in diabetic pregnancy. Here we report the key autophagy regulators modulated by diabetes in the murine developing neuroepithelium. Diabetes predominantly leads to exencephaly, induces neuroepithelial cell apoptosis and suppresses autophagy in the forebrain and midbrain of NTD embryos. Deleting the Prkca gene, which encodes PKCα, reverses diabetes-induced autophagy impairment, cellular organelle stress and apoptosis, leading to an NTD reduction. PKCα increases the expression of miR-129-2, which is a negative regulator of autophagy. miR-129-2 represses autophagy by directly targeting PGC-1α, a positive regulator for mitochondrial function, which is disturbed by maternal diabetes. PGC-1α supports neurulation by stimulating autophagy in neuroepithelial cells. These findings identify two negative autophagy regulators, PKCα and miR-129-2, which mediate the teratogenicity of hyperglycaemia leading to NTDs. We also reveal a function for PGC-1α in embryonic development through promoting autophagy and ameliorating hyperglycaemia-induced NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - E. Albert Reece
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Xuezheng Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Christopher Harman
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Jingwen Yu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Daoyin Dong
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
| | - Penghua Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Jianxiang Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Peixin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
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28
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García-Sanz P, Mirasierra M, Moratalla R, Vallejo M. Embryonic defence mechanisms against glucose-dependent oxidative stress require enhanced expression of Alx3 to prevent malformations during diabetic pregnancy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:389. [PMID: 28341857 PMCID: PMC5428206 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00334-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress constitutes a major cause for increased risk of congenital malformations associated to severe hyperglycaemia during pregnancy. Mutations in the gene encoding the transcription factor ALX3 cause congenital craniofacial and neural tube defects. Since oxidative stress and lack of ALX3 favour excessive embryonic apoptosis, we investigated whether ALX3-deficiency further increases the risk of embryonic damage during gestational hyperglycaemia in mice. We found that congenital malformations associated to ALX3-deficiency are enhanced in diabetic pregnancies. Increased expression of genes encoding oxidative stress-scavenging enzymes in embryos from diabetic mothers was blunted in the absence of ALX3, leading to increased oxidative stress. Levels of ALX3 increased in response to glucose, but ALX3 did not activate oxidative stress defence genes directly. Instead, ALX3 stimulated the transcription of Foxo1, a master regulator of oxidative stress-scavenging genes, by binding to a newly identified binding site located in the Foxo1 promoter. Our data identify ALX3 as an important component of the defence mechanisms against the occurrence of developmental malformations during diabetic gestations, stimulating the expression of oxidative stress-scavenging genes in a glucose-dependent manner via Foxo1 activation. Thus, ALX3 deficiency provides a novel molecular mechanism for developmental defects arising from maternal hyperglycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia García-Sanz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, and CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Mirasierra
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Moratalla
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, and CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Vallejo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain.
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29
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Chen G, Chen J, Yan Z, Li Z, Yu M, Guo W, Tian W. Maternal diabetes modulates dental epithelial stem cells proliferation and self-renewal in offspring through apurinic/apyrimidinicendonuclease 1-mediated DNA methylation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40762. [PMID: 28094306 PMCID: PMC5240105 DOI: 10.1038/srep40762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has many adverse effects on the development of offspring. Aberrant DNA methylation is a potential mechanism associated with these effects. However, the effects of GDM on tooth development and the underlying mechanisms have not been thoroughly investigated. In the present study, a GDM rat model was established and incisor labial cervical loop tissue and dental epithelial stem cells (DESCs) were harvested from neonates of diabetic and control dams. GDM significantly suppressed incisor enamel formation and DESCs proliferation and self-renewal in offspring. Gene expression profiles showed that Apex1 was significantly downregulated in the offspring of diabetic dams. In vitro, gain and loss of function analyses showed that APEX1 was critical for DESCs proliferation and self-renewal and Oct4 and Nanog regulation via promoter methylation. In vivo, we confirmed that GDM resulted in significant downregulation of Oct4 and Nanog and hypermethylation of their promoters. Moreover, we found that APEX1 modulated DNA methylation by regulating DNMT1 expression through ERK and JNK signalling. In summary, our data suggest that GDM-induced APEX1 downregulation increased DNMT1 expression, thereby inhibiting Oct4 and Nanog expression, through promoter hypermethylation, resulting in suppression of DESCs proliferation and self-renewal, as well as enamel formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Zhiling Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Ziyue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Mei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Weihua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China.,Department of Pedodontics, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section, Renmin South Road, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
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30
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Methionine residues around phosphorylation sites are preferentially oxidized in vivo under stress conditions. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40403. [PMID: 28079140 PMCID: PMC5227694 DOI: 10.1038/srep40403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is one of the most prevalent and well-understood protein modifications. Oxidation of protein-bound methionine, which has been traditionally perceived as an inevitable damage derived from oxidative stress, is now emerging as another modification capable of regulating protein activity during stress conditions. However, the mechanism coupling oxidative signals to changes in protein function remains unknown. An appealing hypothesis is that methionine oxidation might serve as a rheostat to control phosphorylation. To investigate this potential crosstalk between phosphorylation and methionine oxidation, we have addressed the co-occurrence of these two types of modifications within the human proteome. Here, we show that nearly all (98%) proteins containing oxidized methionine were also phosphoproteins. Furthermore, phosphorylation sites were much closer to oxidized methionines when compared to non-oxidized methionines. This proximity between modification sites cannot be accounted for by their co-localization within unstructured clusters because it was faithfully reproduced in a smaller sample of structured proteins. We also provide evidence that the oxidation of methionine located within phosphorylation motifs is a highly selective process among stress-related proteins, which supports the hypothesis of crosstalk between methionine oxidation and phosphorylation as part of the cellular defence against oxidative stress.
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Chen G, Sun W, Liang Y, Chen T, Guo W, Tian W. Maternal diabetes modulates offspring cell proliferation and apoptosis during odontogenesis via the TLR4/NF-κB signalling pathway. Cell Prolif 2016; 50. [PMID: 27981756 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Maternal gestational diabetes leads to an adverse in utero environment and increases the risk of malformations during embryo organogenesis. In the present study, we analysed the effects of maternal diabetes on tooth germ cell proliferation and apoptosis in offspring, and investigated their underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS A rat model of maternal diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin and the pregnant rats were divided into three groups: controls, the diabetic group and diabetic group with insulin treatment. Offspring of the three groups were collected and cell proliferation and apoptosis in tooth germs were analysed. Primary dental papilla cells and dental epithelial stem cells were isolated and treated with high glucose in vitro, in an attempt to simulate maternal diabetes-induced hyperglycaemia in vivo. RESULTS Maternal diabetes significantly affected cell proliferation and apoptosis in offspring tooth germs. The TLR4/NF-ĸB signalling pathway was activated in the tooth germs of offspring of diabetic dams. High glucose treatment activated the TLR4/NF-ĸB signalling pathway in primary dental papilla cells and dental epithelial stem cells in vitro, resulting in suppression of cell proliferation and enhancement of apoptosis. TLR4 knockdown significantly reduced adverse effects induced by high glucose treatment. CONCLUSIONS Maternal gestational diabetes significantly impaired dental epithelial and mesenchymal cell proliferation and apoptosis in offspring, possibly by activation of the TLR4/NF-ĸB signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenhua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weihua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pedodontics, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Yang P, Yang WW, Chen X, Kaushal S, Dong D, Shen WB. Maternal diabetes and high glucose in vitro trigger Sca1 + cardiac progenitor cell apoptosis through FoxO3a. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 482:575-581. [PMID: 27856257 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.11.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent controversies surrounding the authenticity of c-kit+ cardiac progenitor cells significantly push back the advance in regenerative therapies for cardiovascular diseases. There is an urgent need for research in characterizing alternative types of cardiac progenitor cells. Towards this goal, in the present study, we determined the effect of maternal diabetes on Sca1+ cardiac progenitor cells. Maternal diabetes induced caspase 3-dependent apoptosis in Sca1+ cardiac progenitor cells derived from embryonic day 17.5 (E17.5). Similarly, high glucose in vitro but not the glucose osmotic control mannitol triggered Sca1+ cardiac progenitor cell apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Both maternal diabetes and high glucose in vitro activated the pro-apoptotic transcription factor, Forkhead O 3a (FoxO3a) via dephosphorylation at threonine 32 (Thr-32) residue. foxo3a gene deletion abolished maternal diabetes-induced Sca1+ cardiac progenitor cell apoptosis. The dominant negative FoxO3a mutant without the transactivation domain from the C terminus blocked high glucose-induced Sca1+ cardiac progenitor cell apoptosis, whereas the constitutively active FoxO3a mutant with the three phosphorylation sites, Thr-32, Ser-253, and Ser-315, being replaced by alanine residues mimicked the pro-apoptotic effect of high glucose. Thus, maternal diabetes and high glucose in vitro may limit the regenerative potential of Sca1+ cardiac progenitor cells by inducing apoptosis through FoxO3a activation. These findings will serve as the guide in optimizing the autologous therapy using Sca1+ cardiac progenitor cells in cardiac defect babies born exposed to maternal diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghua Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Wendy W Yang
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Sunjay Kaushal
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Daoyin Dong
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Wei-Bin Shen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Prenatal exposure to environmental factors and congenital limb defects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 108:243-273. [DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Zhong J, Xu C, Reece EA, Yang P. The green tea polyphenol EGCG alleviates maternal diabetes-induced neural tube defects by inhibiting DNA hypermethylation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016; 215:368.e1-368.e10. [PMID: 26979632 PMCID: PMC5270539 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal diabetes increases the risk of neural tube defects in offspring. Our previous study demonstrated that the green tea polyphenol, Epigallocatechin gallate, inhibits high glucose-induced neural tube defects in cultured embryos. However, the therapeutic effect of Epigallocatechin gallate on maternal diabetes-induced neural tube defects is still unclear. OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine whether Epigallocatechin gallate treatment can reduce maternal diabetes-induced DNA methylation and neural tube defects. STUDY DESIGN Nondiabetic and diabetic pregnant mice at embryonic day 5.5 were given drinking water with or without 1 or 10 μM Epigallocatechin gallate. At embryonic day 8.75, embryos were dissected from the visceral yolk sac for the measurement of the levels and activity of DNA methyltransferases, the levels of global DNA methylation, and methylation in the CpG islands of neural tube closure essential gene promoters. embryonic day 10.5 embryos were examined for neural tube defect incidence. RESULTS Epigallocatechin gallate treatment did not affect embryonic development because embryos from nondiabetic dams treated with Epigallocatechin gallate did not exhibit any neural tube defects. Treatment with 1 μM Epigallocatechin gallate did not reduce maternal diabetes-induced neural tube defects significantly. Embryos from diabetic dams treated with 10 μM Epigallocatechin gallate had a significantly lower neural tube defect incidence compared with that of embryos without Epigallocatechin gallate treatment. Epigallocatechin gallate reduced neural tube defect rates from 29.5% to 2%, an incidence that is comparable with that of embryos from nondiabetic dams. Ten micromoles of Epigallocatechin gallate treatment blocked maternal diabetes-increased DNA methyltransferases 3a and 3b expression and their activities, leading to the suppression of global DNA hypermethylation. Additionally, 10 μM Epigallocatechin gallate abrogated maternal diabetes-increased DNA methylation in the CpG islands of neural tube closure essential genes, including Grhl3, Pax3, and Tulp3. CONCLUSION Epigallocatechin gallate reduces maternal diabetes-induced neural tube defects formation and blocks the enhanced expression and activity of DNA methyltransferases, leading to the suppression of DNA hypermethylation and the restoration of neural tube closure essential gene expression. These observations suggest that Epigallocatechin gallate supplements could mitigate the teratogenic effects of hyperglycemia on the developing embryo and prevent diabetes-induced neural tube defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiang Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - E Albert Reece
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Peixin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
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Type 2 diabetes mellitus induces congenital heart defects in murine embryos by increasing oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016; 215:366.e1-366.e10. [PMID: 27038779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus are strongly associated with high rates of severe structural birth defects, including congenital heart defects. Studies in type 1 diabetic embryopathy animal models have demonstrated that cellular stress-induced apoptosis mediates the teratogenicity of maternal diabetes leading to congenital heart defect formation. However, the mechanisms underlying maternal type 2 diabetes mellitus-induced congenital heart defects remain largely unknown. OBJECTIVE We aim to determine whether oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and excessive apoptosis are the intracellular molecular mechanisms underlying maternal type 2 diabetes mellitus-induced congenital heart defects. STUDY DESIGN A mouse model of maternal type 2 diabetes mellitus was established by feeding female mice a high-fat diet (60% fat). After 15 weeks on the high-fat diet, the mice showed characteristics of maternal type 2 diabetes mellitus. Control dams were either fed a normal diet (10% fat) or the high-fat diet during pregnancy only. Female mice from the high-fat diet group and the 2 control groups were mated with male mice that were fed a normal diet. At E12.5, embryonic hearts were harvested to determine the levels of lipid peroxides and superoxide, endoplasmic reticulum stress markers, cleaved caspase 3 and 8, and apoptosis. E17.5 embryonic hearts were harvested for the detection of congenital heart defect formation using India ink vessel patterning and histological examination. RESULTS Maternal type 2 diabetes mellitus significantly induced ventricular septal defects and persistent truncus arteriosus in the developing heart, along with increasing oxidative stress markers, including superoxide and lipid peroxidation; endoplasmic reticulum stress markers, including protein levels of phosphorylated-protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase, phosphorylated-IRE1α, phosphorylated-eIF2α, C/EBP homologous protein, and binding immunoglobulin protein; endoplasmic reticulum chaperone gene expression; and XBP1 messenger RNA splicing, as well as increased cleaved caspase 3 and 8 in embryonic hearts. Furthermore, maternal type 2 diabetes mellitus triggered excessive apoptosis in ventricular myocardium, endocardial cushion, and outflow tract of the embryonic heart. CONCLUSION Similar to those observations in type 1 diabetic embryopathy, maternal type 2 diabetes mellitus causes heart defects in the developing embryo manifested with oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and excessive apoptosis in heart cells.
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Gabbay-Benziv R, Reece EA, Wang F, Bar-Shir A, Harman C, Turan OM, Yang P, Turan S. A step-wise approach for analysis of the mouse embryonic heart using 17.6Tesla MRI. Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 35:46-53. [PMID: 27569369 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mouse embryo is ideal for studying human cardiac development. However, laboratory discoveries do not easily translate into clinical findings partially because of histological diagnostic techniques that induce artifacts and lack standardization. AIM To present a step-wise approach using 17.6T MRI, for evaluation of mice embryonic heart and accurate identification of congenital heart defects. SUBJECTS 17.5-embryonic days embryos from low-risk (non-diabetic) and high-risk (diabetic) model dams. STUDY DESIGN Embryos were imaged using 17.6Tesla MRI. Three-dimensional volumes were analyzed using ImageJ software. OUTCOME MEASURES Embryonic hearts were evaluated utilizing anatomic landmarks to locate the four-chamber view, the left- and right-outflow tracts, and the arrangement of the great arteries. Inter- and intra-observer agreement were calculated using kappa scores by comparing two researchers' evaluations independently analyzing all hearts, blinded to the model, on three different, timed occasions. Each evaluated 16 imaging volumes of 16 embryos: 4 embryos from normal dams, and 12 embryos from diabetic dams. RESULTS Inter-observer agreement and reproducibility were 0.779 (95% CI 0.653-0.905) and 0.763 (95% CI 0.605-0.921), respectively. Embryonic hearts were structurally normal in 4/4 and 7/12 embryos from normal and diabetic dams, respectively. Five embryos from diabetic dams had defects: ventricular septal defects (n=2), transposition of great arteries (n=2) and Tetralogy of Fallot (n=1). Both researchers identified all cardiac lesions. CONCLUSION A step-wise approach for analysis of MRI-derived 3D imaging provides reproducible detailed cardiac evaluation of normal and abnormal mice embryonic hearts. This approach can accurately reveal cardiac structure and, thus, increases the yield of animal model in congenital heart defect research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinat Gabbay-Benziv
- Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - E Albert Reece
- Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fang Wang
- Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amnon Bar-Shir
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chris Harman
- Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ozhan M Turan
- Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peixin Yang
- Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sifa Turan
- Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) knockout reduces fetal dysmorphogenesis in murine diabetic pregnancy. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 62:62-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Zhong J, Xu C, Gabbay-Benziv R, Lin X, Yang P. Superoxide dismutase 2 overexpression alleviates maternal diabetes-induced neural tube defects, restores mitochondrial function and suppresses cellular stress in diabetic embryopathy. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 96:234-44. [PMID: 27130031 PMCID: PMC4912469 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pregestational diabetes disrupts neurulation leading to neural tube defects (NTDs). Oxidative stress resulting from reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a central role in the induction of NTD formation in diabetic pregnancies. We aimed to determine whether mitochondrial dysfunction increases ROS production leading to oxidative stress and diabetic embryopathy. Overexpression of the mitochondrion-specific antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) in a transgenic (Tg) mouse model significantly reduced maternal diabetes-induced NTDs. SOD2 overexpression abrogated maternal diabetes-induced mitochondrial dysfunction by inhibiting mitochondrial translocation of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members, reducing the number of defective mitochondria in neuroepithelial cells, and decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, SOD2 overexpression blocked maternal diabetes-increased ROS production by diminishing dihydroethidium staining signals in the developing neuroepithelium, and reducing the levels of nitrotyrosine-modified proteins and lipid hydroperoxide level in neurulation stage embryos. SOD2 overexpression also abolished maternal diabetes-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress. Finally, caspase-dependent neuroepithelial cell apoptosis enhanced by oxidative stress was significantly reduced by SOD2 overexpression. Thus, our findings support the hypothesis that mitochondrial dysfunction in the developing neuroepithelium enhances ROS production, which leads to oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. SOD2 overexpression blocks maternal diabetes-induced oxidative stress and ER stress, and reduces the incidence of NTDs in embryos exposed to maternal diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiang Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Rinat Gabbay-Benziv
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Xue Lin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Peixin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States.
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Abstract
Diabetic embryopathy is a theoretical enigma and a clinical challenge. Both type 1 and type 2 diabetic pregnancy carry a significant risk for fetal maldevelopment, and the precise reasons for the diabetes-induced teratogenicity are not clearly identified. The experimental work in this field has revealed a partial, however complex, answer to the teratological question, and we will review some of the latest suggestions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf J. Eriksson
- CONTACT Ulf J. Eriksson Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, PO Box 571, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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Yu J, Wu Y, Yang P. High glucose-induced oxidative stress represses sirtuin deacetylase expression and increases histone acetylation leading to neural tube defects. J Neurochem 2016; 137:371-83. [PMID: 26896748 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant epigenetic modifications are implicated in maternal diabetes-induced neural tube defects (NTDs). Because cellular stress plays a causal role in diabetic embryopathy, we investigated the possible role of the stress-resistant sirtuin (SIRT) family histone deacetylases. Among the seven sirtuins (SIRT1-7), pre-gestational maternal diabetes in vivo or high glucose in vitro significantly reduced the expression of SIRT 2 and SIRT6 in the embryo or neural stem cells, respectively. The down-regulation of SIRT2 and SIRT6 was reversed by superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) over-expression in the in vivo mouse model of diabetic embryopathy and the SOD mimetic, tempol and cell permeable SOD, PEGSOD in neural stem cell cultures. 2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (DMNQ), a superoxide generating agent, mimicked high glucose-suppressed SIRT2 and SIRT6 expression. The acetylation of histone 3 at lysine residues 56 (H3K56), H3K14, H3K9, and H3K27, putative substrates of SIRT2 and SIRT6, was increased by maternal diabetes in vivo or high glucose in vitro, and these increases were blocked by SOD1 over-expression or tempol treatment. SIRT2 or SIRT6 over-expression abrogated high glucose-suppressed SIRT2 or SIRT6 expression, and prevented the increase in acetylation of their histone substrates. The potent sirtuin activator (SRT1720) blocked high glucose-increased histone acetylation and NTD formation, whereas the combination of a pharmacological SIRT2 inhibitor and a pan SIRT inhibitor mimicked the effect of high glucose on increased histone acetylation and NTD induction. Thus, diabetes in vivo or high glucose in vitro suppresses SIRT2 and SIRT6 expression through oxidative stress, and sirtuin down-regulation-induced histone acetylation may be involved in diabetes-induced NTDs. The mechanism underlying pre-gestational diabetes-induced neural tube defects (NTDs) is still elusive. Our study unravels a new epigenetic mechanism in which maternal diabetes-induced oxidative stress represses sirtuin deacetylase 2 (SIRT2) and 6 (SIRT6) expression leading to histone acetylation and gene expression. SIRT down-regulation mediates the teratogenicity of diabetes leading to (NTD) formation. The study provides a mechanistic basis for the development of natural antioxidants and SIRT activators as therapeutics for diabetic embryopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Yu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Peixin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Gu H, Yu J, Dong D, Zhou Q, Wang JY, Fang S, Yang P. High Glucose-Repressed CITED2 Expression Through miR-200b Triggers the Unfolded Protein Response and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Diabetes 2016; 65:149-63. [PMID: 26450995 PMCID: PMC4686950 DOI: 10.2337/db15-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
High glucose in vivo and in vitro induces neural tube defects (NTDs). CITED2 (CBP/p300-interacting transactivator with ED-rich tail 2) is essential for neural tube closure. We explored the regulatory mechanism underlying CITED2 expression and its relationship with miRNA and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. miR-200b levels were increased by maternal diabetes or high glucose in vitro, and this increase was abrogated by transgenic overexpression of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) or an SOD1 mimetic. CITED2 was the target of miR-200b and was downregulated by high glucose. Two miR-200b binding sites in the 3'-untranslated region of the CITED2 mRNA were required for inhibiting CITED2 expression. The miR-200b mimic and a CITED2 knockdown mimicked the stimulative effect of high glucose on unfolded protein response (UPR) and ER stress, whereas the miR-200b inhibitor and CITED2 overexpression abolished high glucose-induced UPR signaling, ER stress, and apoptosis. The ER stress inhibitor, 4-phenylbutyrate, blocked CITED2 knockdown-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, the miR-200b inhibitor reversed high glucose-induced CITED2 downregulation, ER stress, and NTDs in cultured embryos. Thus, we showed a novel function of miR-200b and CITED2 in high glucose-induced UPR and ER stress, suggesting that miR-200b and CITED2 are critical for ER homeostasis and NTD formation in the developing embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jingwen Yu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Daoyin Dong
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Qun Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jian-Ying Wang
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Shengyun Fang
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Peixin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Dong D, Fu N, Yang P. MiR-17 Downregulation by High Glucose Stabilizes Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein and Removes Thioredoxin Inhibition on ASK1 Leading to Apoptosis. Toxicol Sci 2015; 150:84-96. [PMID: 26660634 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregestational diabetes significantly increases the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs). Maternal diabetes activates an Apoptosis Signal-regulating Kinase 1 (ASK1)-initiated pathway, which triggers neural stem cell apoptosis of the developing neuroepithelium leading to NTD formation. How high glucose of diabetes activates ASK1 is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the mechanism underlying high glucose-induced ASK1 activation. High glucose suppressed miR-17 expression, which led to an increase in its target gene Txnip (Thioredoxin-interacting protein). High glucose-increased Txnip enhanced its binding to the ASK1 inhibitor, thioredoxin (Trx), and thereby sequestered Trx from the Trx-ASK1 complex. High glucose-induced ASK1 activation and consequent apoptosis were abrogated by either the miR-17 mimic or Txnip siRNA knockdown. In contrast, the miR-17 inhibitor or Txnip ectopic overexpression mimicked the stimulative effect of high glucose on ASK1 and apoptosis. Thus, our study demonstrated that miR-17 repression mediates the pro-apoptotic effect of high glucose, and revealed a new mechanism underlying ASK1 activation, in which decreased miR-17 removes Trx inhibition on ASK1 through Txnip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoyin Dong
- *Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences
| | - Noah Fu
- *Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences
| | - Peixin Yang
- *Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
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Wang F, Weng H, Quon MJ, Yu J, Wang JY, Hueber AO, Yang P. Dominant negative FADD dissipates the proapoptotic signalosome of the unfolded protein response in diabetic embryopathy. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 309:E861-73. [PMID: 26419589 PMCID: PMC4652069 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00215.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and caspase 8-dependent apoptosis are two interlinked causal events in maternal diabetes-induced neural tube defects (NTDs). The inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) signalosome mediates the proapoptotic effect of ER stress. Diabetes increases tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1R-associated death domain (TRADD) expression. Here, we revealed two new unfolded protein response (UPR) regulators, TRADD and Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD). TRADD interacted with both the IRE1α-TRAF2-ASK1 complex and FADD. In vivo overexpression of a FADD dominant negative (FADD-DN) mutant lacking the death effector domain disrupted diabetes-induced IRE1α signalosome and suppressed ER stress and caspase 8-dependent apoptosis, leading to NTD prevention. FADD-DN abrogated ER stress markers and blocked the JNK1/2-ASK1 pathway. Diabetes-induced mitochondrial translocation of proapoptotic Bcl-2 members mitochondrial dysfunction and caspase cleavage were also alleviated by FADD-DN. In vitro TRADD overexpression triggered UPR and ER stress before manifestation of caspase 3 and caspase 8 cleavage and apoptosis. FADD-DN overexpression repressed high glucose- or TRADD overexpression-induced IRE1α phosphorylation, its downstream proapoptotic kinase activation and endonuclease activities, and apoptosis. FADD-DN also attenuated tunicamycin-induced UPR and ER stress. These findings suggest that TRADD participates in the IRE1α signalosome and induces UPR and ER stress and that the association between TRADD and FADD is essential for diabetes- or high glucose-induced UPR and ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences
| | - Hongbo Weng
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences
| | | | - Jingwen Yu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences
| | | | - Anne-Odile Hueber
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Peixin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Institut de Biologie de Valrose, UMR CNRS 7277, UMR Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale 1091, Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France
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Zhong J, Reece EA, Yang P. Punicalagin exerts protective effect against high glucose-induced cellular stress and neural tube defects. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 467:179-84. [PMID: 26453010 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Maternal diabetes-induced birth defects remain a significant health problem. Studying the effect of natural compounds with antioxidant properties and minimal toxicities on diabetic embryopathy may lead to the development of new and safe dietary supplements. Punicalagin is a primary polyphenol found in pomegranate juice, which possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumorigenic properties, suggesting a protective effect of punicalagin on diabetic embryopathy. Here, we examined whether punicalagin could reduce high glucose-induced neural tube defects (NTDs), and if this rescue occurs through blockage of cellular stress and caspase activation. Embryonic day 8.5 (E8.5) mouse embryos were cultured for 24 or 36 h with normal (5 mM) glucose or high glucose (16.7 mM), in presence or absence of 10 or 20 μM punicalagin. 10 μM punicalagin slightly reduced NTD formation under high glucose conditions; however, 20 μM punicalagin significantly inhibited high glucose-induced NTD formation. Punicalagin suppressed high glucose-induced lipid peroxidation marker 4-hydroxynonenal, nitrotyrosine-modified proteins, and lipid peroxides. Moreover, punicalagin abrogated endoplasmic reticulum stress by inhibiting phosphorylated protein kinase ribonucleic acid (RNA)-like ER kinase (p-PERK), phosphorylated inositol-requiring protein-1α (p-IRE1α), phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (p-eIF2α), C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP), binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) and x-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) mRNA splicing. Additionally, punicalagin suppressed high glucose-induced caspase 3 and caspase 8 cleavage. Punicalagin reduces high glucose-induced NTD formation by blocking cellular stress and caspase activation. These observations suggest punicalagin supplements could mitigate the teratogenic effects of hyperglycemia in the developing embryo, and possibly prevent diabetes-induced NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiang Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - E Albert Reece
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Peixin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Han SS, Wang G, Jin Y, Ma ZL, Jia WJ, Wu X, Wang XY, He MY, Cheng X, Li WJ, Yang X, Liu GS. Investigating the Mechanism of Hyperglycemia-Induced Fetal Cardiac Hypertrophy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139141. [PMID: 26418041 PMCID: PMC4587747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia in diabetic mothers enhances the risk of fetal cardiac hypertrophy during gestation. However, the mechanism of high-glucose-induced cardiac hypertrophy is not largely understood. In this study, we first demonstrated that the incidence rate of cardiac hypertrophy dramatically increased in fetuses of diabetic mothers using color ultrasound examination. In addition, human fetal cardiac hypertrophy was successfully mimicked in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mouse model, in which mouse cardiac hypertrophy was diagnosed using type-M ultrasound and a histological assay. PH3 immunofluorescent staining of mouse fetal hearts and in vitro-cultured H9c2 cells indicated that cell proliferation decreased in E18.5, E15.5 and E13.5 mice, and cell apoptosis in H9c2 cells increased in the presence of high glucose in a dose-dependent manner. Next, we found that the individual cardiomyocyte size increased in pre-gestational diabetes mellitus mice and in response to high glucose exposure. Meanwhile, the expression of β-MHC and BMP-10 was up-regulated. Nkx2.5 immunofluorescent staining showed that the expression of Nkx2.5, a crucial cardiac transcription factor, was suppressed in the ventricular septum, left ventricular wall and right ventricular wall of E18.5, E15.5 and E13.5 mouse hearts. However, cardiac hypertrophy did not morphologically occur in E13.5 mouse hearts. In cultured H9c2 cells exposed to high glucose, Nkx2.5 expression decreased, as detected by both immunostaining and western blotting, and the expression of KCNE1 and Cx43 was also restricted. Taken together, alterations in cell size rather than cell proliferation or apoptosis are responsible for hyperglycemia-induced fetal cardiac hypertrophy. The aberrant expression of Nkx2.5 and its regulatory target genes in the presence of high glucose could be a principal component of pathogenesis in the development of fetal cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha-sha Han
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Institute of Fetal-Preterm Labor Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Division of Histology & Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Ya Jin
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Institute of Fetal-Preterm Labor Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Zheng-lai Ma
- Division of Histology & Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Wei-jing Jia
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Institute of Fetal-Preterm Labor Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xia Wu
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Institute of Fetal-Preterm Labor Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xiao-yu Wang
- Division of Histology & Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Mei-yao He
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Institute of Fetal-Preterm Labor Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- Division of Histology & Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Wei-jing Li
- Department of Fetal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Division of Histology & Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- * E-mail: (GSL); (XSY)
| | - Guo-sheng Liu
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Institute of Fetal-Preterm Labor Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- * E-mail: (GSL); (XSY)
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Wang F, Wu Y, Quon MJ, Li X, Yang P. ASK1 mediates the teratogenicity of diabetes in the developing heart by inducing ER stress and inhibiting critical factors essential for cardiac development. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 309:E487-99. [PMID: 26173459 PMCID: PMC4556884 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00121.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Maternal diabetes in mice induces heart defects similar to those observed in human diabetic pregnancies. Diabetes enhances apoptosis and suppresses cell proliferation in the developing heart, yet the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) activates the proapoptotic c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase 1/2 (JNK1/2) leading to apoptosis, suggesting a possible role of ASK1 in diabetes-induced heart defects. We aimed to investigate whether ASK1 is activated in the heart and whether deleting the Ask1 gene blocks diabetes-induced adverse events and heart defect formation. The ASK1-JNK1/2 pathway was activated by diabetes. Deleting Ask1 gene significantly reduced the rate of heart defects, including ventricular septal defects (VSDs) and persistent truncus arteriosus (PTA). Additionally, Ask1 deletion diminished diabetes-induced JNK1/2 phosphorylation and its downstream transcription factors and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers. Consistent with this, caspase activation and apoptosis were blunted. Ask1 deletion blocked the increase in cell cycle inhibitors (p21 and p27) and the decrease in cyclin D1 and D3 and reversed diabetes-repressed cell proliferation. Ask1 deletion also restored the expression of BMP4, NKX2.5, and GATA5, Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation, whose mutations or deletion result in reduced cell proliferation, VSD, and PTA formation. We conclude that ASK1 may mediate the teratogenicity of diabetes through activating the JNK1/2-ER stress pathway and inhibiting cell cycle progression, thereby impeding the cardiogenesis pathways essential for ventricular septation and outflow tract development.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation
- Cyclin D1/metabolism
- Cyclin D3/metabolism
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/metabolism
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27/metabolism
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/genetics
- Female
- GATA5 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Heart/embryology
- Heart Defects, Congenital/etiology
- Heart Defects, Congenital/genetics
- Heart Defects, Congenital/metabolism
- Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/etiology
- Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/genetics
- Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/metabolism
- Homeobox Protein Nkx-2.5
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 5/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 9/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy in Diabetics/genetics
- Pregnancy in Diabetics/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Smad1 Protein/metabolism
- Smad5 Protein/metabolism
- Smad8 Protein/metabolism
- Teratogenesis/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Truncus Arteriosus, Persistent/etiology
- Truncus Arteriosus, Persistent/genetics
- Truncus Arteriosus, Persistent/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences
| | | | - Xuezheng Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences
| | - Peixin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Wang F, Reece EA, Yang P. Advances in revealing the molecular targets downstream of oxidative stress-induced proapoptotic kinase signaling in diabetic embryopathy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015; 213:125-34. [PMID: 25595581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Preexisting maternal diabetes is a high-risk factor of diabetic embryopathy, such as neural tube defects and congenital heart defects. Maternal diabetes significantly increases the production of reactive oxygen species, resulting in oxidative stress and diabetic embryopathy. Multiple cellular and metabolic factors contribute to these processes. Forkhead box O (FoxO)-3a has been demonstrated as a key transcription factor in the signaling transduction pathways responsible for maternal diabetes-induced birth defects. Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) activated by oxidative stress stimulates nuclear translocation of FoxO3a, resulting in the overexpression of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1-associated death domain protein, which, in turn, leads to caspase-8 activation and apoptosis. Maternal diabetes-activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-1/2, downstream effectors of ASK1, can be blocked by superoxide dismutase-1 overexpression, suggesting that oxidative stress is responsible for JNK1/2 signaling activation. Deletion of JNK1/2 significantly suppressed the activity of FoxO3a. These observations indicate that maternal diabetes-induced oxidative stress stimulates the activation of ASK1, JNK1/2, FoxO3a, tumor necrosis factor receptor 1-associated death domain protein, caspase-8 cleavage, and finally, apoptosis and diabetic embryopathy.
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Wang F, Fisher SA, Zhong J, Wu Y, Yang P. Superoxide Dismutase 1 In Vivo Ameliorates Maternal Diabetes Mellitus-Induced Apoptosis and Heart Defects Through Restoration of Impaired Wnt Signaling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 8:665-76. [PMID: 26232087 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.115.001138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is manifested in embryos exposed to maternal diabetes mellitus, yet specific mechanisms for diabetes mellitus-induced heart defects are not defined. Gene deletion of intermediates of Wingless-related integration (Wnt) signaling causes heart defects similar to those observed in embryos from diabetic pregnancies. We tested the hypothesis that diabetes mellitus-induced oxidative stress impairs Wnt signaling, thereby causing heart defects, and that these defects can be rescued by transgenic overexpression of the reactive oxygen species scavenger superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1). METHODS AND RESULTS Wild-type (WT) and SOD1-overexpressing embryos from nondiabetic WT control dams and nondiabetic/diabetic WT female mice mated with SOD1 transgenic male mice were analyzed. No heart defects were observed in WT and SOD1 embryos under nondiabetic conditions. WT embryos of diabetic dams had a 26% incidence of cardiac outlet defects that were suppressed by SOD1 overexpression. Insulin treatment reduced blood glucose levels and heart defects. Diabetes mellitus increased superoxide production, canonical Wnt antagonist expression, caspase activation, and apoptosis and suppressed cell proliferation. Diabetes mellitus suppressed Wnt signaling intermediates and Wnt target gene expression in the embryonic heart, each of which were reversed by SOD1 overexpression. Hydrogen peroxide and peroxynitrite mimicked the inhibitory effect of high glucose on Wnt signaling, which was abolished by the SOD1 mimetic, tempol. CONCLUSIONS The oxidative stress of diabetes mellitus impairs Wnt signaling and causes cardiac outlet defects that are rescued by SOD1 overexpression. This suggests that targeting of components of the Wnt5a signaling pathway may be a viable strategy for suppression of congenital heart defects in fetuses of diabetic pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- From the Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (F.W., J.Z., Y.W., P.Y.), Medicine (S.A.F.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (P.Y.), School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore
| | - Steven A Fisher
- From the Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (F.W., J.Z., Y.W., P.Y.), Medicine (S.A.F.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (P.Y.), School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore
| | - Jianxiang Zhong
- From the Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (F.W., J.Z., Y.W., P.Y.), Medicine (S.A.F.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (P.Y.), School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore
| | - Yanqing Wu
- From the Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (F.W., J.Z., Y.W., P.Y.), Medicine (S.A.F.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (P.Y.), School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore
| | - Peixin Yang
- From the Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (F.W., J.Z., Y.W., P.Y.), Medicine (S.A.F.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (P.Y.), School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore.
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Wu Y, Wang F, Fu M, Wang C, Quon MJ, Yang P. Cellular Stress, Excessive Apoptosis, and the Effect of Metformin in a Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetic Embryopathy. Diabetes 2015; 64:2526-36. [PMID: 25720389 PMCID: PMC4477360 DOI: 10.2337/db14-1683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes in women of childbearing age has led to a higher incidence of diabetes-associated birth defects. We established a model of type 2 diabetic embryopathy by feeding 4-week-old female mice a high-fat diet (HFD) (60% fat). After 15 weeks on HFD, the mice showed characteristics of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and were mated with lean male mice. During pregnancy, control dams fed a normal diet (10% fat) were maintained on either normal diet or HFD, serving as a control group with elevated circulating free fatty acids. DM dams produced offspring at a rate of 11.3% for neural tube defect (NTD) formation, whereas no embryos in the control groups developed NTDs. Elevated markers of oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, caspase activation, and neuroepithelial cell apoptosis (causal events in type 1 diabetic embryopathy) were observed in embryos of DM dams. DM dams treated with 200 mg/kg metformin in drinking water ameliorated fasting hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance with consequent reduction of cellular stress, apoptosis, and NTDs in their embryos. We conclude that cellular stress and apoptosis occur and that metformin effectively reduces type 2 diabetic embryopathy in a useful rodent model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Wu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Mao Fu
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Olson Center for Women's Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Michael J Quon
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Peixin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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50
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Wu Y, Wang F, Reece EA, Yang P. Curcumin ameliorates high glucose-induced neural tube defects by suppressing cellular stress and apoptosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015; 212:802.e1-8. [PMID: 25595578 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Curcumin is a naturally occurring polyphenol present in the roots of the Curcuma longa plant (turmeric), which possesses antioxidant, antitumorigenic, and antiinflammatory properties. Here, we test whether curcumin treatment reduces high glucose-induced neural tube defects (NTDs), and if this occurs via blocking cellular stress and caspase activation. STUDY DESIGN Embryonic day 8.5 mouse embryos were collected for use in whole-embryo culture under normal (100 mg/dL) or high (300 mg/dL) glucose conditions, with or without curcumin treatment. After 24 hours in culture, protein levels of oxidative stress makers, nitrosative stress makers, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress makers, cleaved caspase 3 and 8, and the level of lipid peroxides were determined in the embryos. After 36 hours in culture, embryos were examined for evidence of NTD formation. RESULTS Although 10 μmol/L of curcumin did not significantly reduce the rate of NTDs caused by high glucose, 20 μmol/L of curcumin significantly ameliorated high glucose-induced NTD formation. Curcumin suppressed oxidative stress in embryos cultured under high glucose conditions. Treatment reduced the levels of the lipid peroxidation marker, 4-hydroxynonenal, nitrotyrosine-modified protein, and lipid peroxides. Curcumin also blocked ER stress by inhibiting phosphorylated protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase, phosphorylated inositol-requiring protein-1α (p-IRE1α), phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (p-eIF2α), C/EBP-homologous protein, binding immunoglobulin protein, and x-box binding protein 1 messenger RNA splicing. Additionally, curcumin abolished caspase 3 and caspase 8 cleavage in embryos cultured under high glucose conditions. CONCLUSION Curcumin reduces high glucose-induced NTD formation by blocking cellular stress and caspase activation, suggesting that curcumin supplements could reduce the negative effects of diabetes on the embryo. Further investigation will be needed to determine if the experimental findings can translate into clinical settings.
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