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Sigdel S, Udoh G, Albalawy R, Wang J. Perivascular Adipose Tissue and Perivascular Adipose Tissue-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: New Insights in Vascular Disease. Cells 2024; 13:1309. [PMID: 39195199 DOI: 10.3390/cells13161309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is a special deposit of fat tissue surrounding the vasculature. Previous studies suggest that PVAT modulates the vasculature function in physiological conditions and is implicated in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. Understanding how PVAT influences vasculature function and vascular disease progression is important. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are novel mediators of intercellular communication. EVs encapsulate molecular cargo such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. EVs can influence cellular functions by transferring the carried bioactive molecules. Emerging evidence indicates that PVAT-derived EVs play an important role in vascular functions under health and disease conditions. This review will focus on the roles of PVAT and PVAT-EVs in obesity, diabetic, and metabolic syndrome-related vascular diseases, offering novel insights into therapeutic targets for vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smara Sigdel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Gideon Udoh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Rakan Albalawy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Joan C Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Jinju Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
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Ekenze O, Pinheiro A, Demissie S, Charidimou A, Beiser AS, Vasan RS, Benjamin EJ, DeCarli C, Seshadri S, Romero JR. Inflammatory biomarkers and MRI visible perivascular spaces: The Framingham Heart Study. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 127:12-22. [PMID: 37018882 PMCID: PMC10198814 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
We studied the association between inflammatory biomarkers and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) visible perivascular spaces (PVS) in Framingham Heart Study participants free of stroke and dementia. PVS in the basal ganglia (BG) and centrum semiovale (CSO) were rated with validated methods and categorized based on counts. A mixed score of high PVS burden in neither, one or both regions was also evaluated. We related biomarkers representing various inflammatory mechanisms to PVS burden using multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis accounting for vascular risk factors and other MRI markers of cerebral small vessel disease. Among 3604 participants (mean age 58±13 years, 47% males), significant associations were observed for intercellular adhesion molecule1, fibrinogen, osteoprotegerin, and P-selectin in relation to BG PVS, P-selectin for CSO PVS, and tumor necrosis factor receptor 2, osteoprotegerin and cluster of differentiation 40 ligand for mixed topography PVS. Therefore, inflammation may have a role in the pathogenesis of cerebral small vessel disease and perivascular drainage dysfunction represented by PVS, with different and shared inflammatory biomarkers depending on PVS topography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluchi Ekenze
- Graduate Medical Sciences, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Adlin Pinheiro
- NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Serkalem Demissie
- NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andreas Charidimou
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Alexa S Beiser
- NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; The Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Charles DeCarli
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; The Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jose R Romero
- NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA.
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Balbino-Silva CS, Couto GK, Lino CA, de Oliveira-Silva T, Lunardon G, Huang ZP, Festuccia WT, Barreto-Chaves ML, Wang DZ, Rossoni LV, Diniz GP. miRNA-22 is involved in the aortic reactivity in physiological conditions and mediates obesity-induced perivascular adipose tissue dysfunction. Life Sci 2023; 316:121416. [PMID: 36690245 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Blood vessels are surrounded by perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), which plays an important role in vascular tonus regulation due to its anticontractile effect; however, this effect is impaired in obesity. We previously demonstrated that miRNA-22 is involved in obesity-related metabolic disorders. However, the impact of miRNA-22 on vascular reactivity and PVAT function is unknown. AIM To investigate the role of miRNA-22 on vascular reactivity and its impact on obesity-induced PVAT dysfunction. MAIN METHODS Wild-type and miRNA-22 knockout (KO) mice were fed a control or a high-fat (HF) diet. To characterize the vascular response, concentration-responses curves to noradrenaline were performed in PVAT- or PVAT+ thoracic aortic rings in absence and presence of L-NAME. Expression of adipogenic and thermogenic markers and NOS isoforms were evaluated by western blotting or qPCR. KEY FINDINGS HF diet and miRNA-22 deletion reduced noradrenaline-induced contraction in PVAT- aortic rings. Additionally, miRNA-22 deletion increased noradrenaline-induced contraction in PVAT+ aortic rings without affecting its sensitivity; however, this effect was not observed in miRNA-22 KO mice fed a HF diet. Interestingly, miRNA-22 deletion reduced the contraction of aortic rings to noradrenaline via a NOS-dependent mechanism. Moreover, HF diet abolished the NOS-mediated anticontractile effect of PVAT, which was attenuated by miRNA-22 deletion. Mechanistically, we found that PVAT from miRNA-22 KO mice fed a HF diet presented increased protein expression of nNOS. SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that miRNA-22 is important for aorta reactivity under physiological circumstances and its deletion attenuates the loss of the NOS-mediated anticontractile effect of PVAT in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila S Balbino-Silva
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele K Couto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline A Lino
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Lunardon
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Zhan-Peng Huang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - William T Festuccia
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Da-Zhi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Luciana V Rossoni
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela P Diniz
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Walker AE, Cole JA, Krishna Kumaran S, Kato JI, Zhuang X, Wolf JR, Henson GD, McCully BH. INFLUENCE OF OBESITY ON VASCULAR DYSFUNCTION AFTER TRAUMATIC HEMORRHAGE. Shock 2023; 59:318-325. [PMID: 36731028 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Background: Obesity increases the risk for morbidity and mortality after trauma. These complications are associated with profound vascular damage. Traumatic hemorrhage acutely attenuates vascular responsiveness, but the impact of obesity on this dysfunction is not known. The local inflammatory response in vascular cells is also unknown. We hypothesized that obesity potentiates trauma-induced vascular inflammation and dysfunction. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (~250 g) were fed normal chow (NC; 13.5% kcal fat, n = 20) or high-fat (HF; 60% kcal fat, n = 20) diets for 6 to 8 weeks. Under anesthesia, hemorrhage was induced by a mesenteric artery laceration, a Grade V splenic injury, and hypotension (MAP = 30-40 mm Hg) for 30 minutes. Vascular responsiveness was assessed ex vivo in isolated mesenteric arteries prehemorrhage and posthemorrhage. Gene expression for IL-1β, and IL-6, prooxidant nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2 (NOX2), and α-adrenergic receptor were assessed in carotid artery endothelial cells (ECs) and non-ECs (media + adventitia). Results: In NC rats, hemorrhage attenuated norepinephrine-induced vasoconstriction and endothelium-dependent vasodilation to acetylcholine. In HF rats, baseline norepinephrine-induced vasoconstriction was attenuated compared with NC, but vasoconstriction and endothelium-dependent vasodilation did not change prehemorrhage to posthemorrhage. Hemorrhage led to elevated IL-1β gene expression in ECs and elevated IL1β, IL-6, NOX2, and α-adrenergic receptor gene expression in the media + adventitia compared with sham. HF rats had greater EC IL-1 β and NOX2 gene expression compared with NC rats. The hemorrhage-induced elevation of IL-1β in the media + adventitia was greatest in HF rats. Conclusion: Traumatic hemorrhage attenuates vascular responsiveness and induces vascular inflammation. The attenuated vascular responsiveness after hemorrhage is absent in obese rats, while the elevated vascular inflammation persists. A HF diet amplifies the arterial inflammation after hemorrhage. Altered vascular responsiveness and vascular inflammation may contribute to worse outcomes in obese trauma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E Walker
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR
| | - Jazmin A Cole
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR
| | | | - Jonathan I Kato
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR
| | - Xinhao Zhuang
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR
| | - Julia R Wolf
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR
| | - Grant D Henson
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR
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The Antidiabetic Activities of Neocryptotanshinone: Screened by Molecular Docking and Related to the Modulation of PTP1B. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153031. [PMID: 35893885 PMCID: PMC9330310 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to provide a practical experimental basis for the development of Neocryptotanshinone (NCTS) as an effective hypoglycemic drug and a theoretical method for the rapid screening of natural compounds with hypoglycemic effects. Molecular docking was used to screen the most suitable ligand. Hematoxylin and eosin, immunohistochemical staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western Blotting approved the hypoglycemic effect of NCTS. According to the free energy of binding, among 180 active compounds from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Database, NCTS was finally chose for investigation its hypoglycemic effects. In db/db mice, NCTS significantly reduced body weight and plasma glucose, improved glucose tolerance and levels of fasting plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin A1c, and decreased insulin resistance after six-week administration. NCTS restored the pathological state in the liver of db/db mice and significantly decreased protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) expression in the liver and muscle of db/db mice, which is related to the regulatory effect of NCTS on insulin receptor substrate 1. In conclusion, we successfully explored the hypoglycemic effect of NCTS in db/db mice via regulating the expression of PTP1B.
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Jin S, Kusters YHAM, Houben AJHM, Plat J, Joris PJ, Mensink RP, Schalkwijk CG, Stehouwer CDA, van Greevenbroek MMJ. A randomized diet-induced weight-loss intervention reduces plasma complement C3: Possible implication for endothelial dysfunction. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:1401-1410. [PMID: 35785477 PMCID: PMC9545581 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Complement C3 and other components of the alternative pathway are higher in individuals with obesity. Moreover, C3 has been identified as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This study investigated whether, and how, a weight-loss intervention reduced plasma C3, activated C3 (C3a), and factor D and explored potential biological effects of such a reduction. METHODS The study measured plasma C3, C3a, and factor D by ELISA and measured visceral adipose tissue, subcutaneous adipose tissue, and intrahepatic lipid by magnetic resonance imaging in lean men (n = 25) and men with abdominal obesity (n = 52). The men with obesity were randomized to habitual diet or an 8-week dietary weight-loss intervention. RESULTS The intervention significantly reduced C3 (-0.15 g/L [95% CI: -0.23 to -0.07]), but not C3a or factor D. The C3 reduction was mainly explained by reduction in visceral adipose tissue but not subcutaneous adipose tissue or intrahepatic lipid. This reduction in C3 explained a part of the weight-loss-induced improvement of markers of endothelial dysfunction, particularly the reduction in soluble endothelial selectin and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule. CONCLUSIONS Diet-induced weight loss in men with abdominal obesity could be a way to lower plasma C3 and thereby improve endothelial dysfunction. C3 reduction may be part of the mechanism via which diet-induced weight loss could ameliorate the risk of cardiovascular disease in men with abdominal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunxin Jin
- Department of Internal Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular DiseasesMaastricht University and Medical CenterMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Yvo H. A. M. Kusters
- Department of Internal Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular DiseasesMaastricht University and Medical CenterMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Top Institute of Food and NutritionWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Alfons J. H. M. Houben
- Department of Internal Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular DiseasesMaastricht University and Medical CenterMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Jogchum Plat
- Top Institute of Food and NutritionWageningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht University and Medical CenterMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Peter J. Joris
- Top Institute of Food and NutritionWageningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht University and Medical CenterMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Ronald P. Mensink
- Top Institute of Food and NutritionWageningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht University and Medical CenterMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Casper G. Schalkwijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular DiseasesMaastricht University and Medical CenterMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Top Institute of Food and NutritionWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Coen D. A. Stehouwer
- Department of Internal Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular DiseasesMaastricht University and Medical CenterMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Marleen M. J. van Greevenbroek
- Department of Internal Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular DiseasesMaastricht University and Medical CenterMaastrichtThe Netherlands
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Sun J, Huang X, Niu C, Wang X, Li W, Liu M, Wang Y, Huang S, Chen X, Li X, Wang Y, Jin L, Xiao J, Cong W. aFGF alleviates diabetic endothelial dysfunction by decreasing oxidative stress via Wnt/β-catenin-mediated upregulation of HXK2. Redox Biol 2020; 39:101811. [PMID: 33360774 PMCID: PMC7772795 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular complications of diabetes are a serious challenge in clinical practice, and effective treatments are an unmet clinical need. Acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) has potent anti-oxidative properties and therefore has become a research focus for the treatment of diabetic vascular complications. However, the specific mechanisms by which aFGF regulates these processes remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether aFGF alleviates diabetic endothelial dysfunction by suppressing mitochondrial oxidative stress. We found that aFGF markedly decreased mitochondrial superoxide generation in both db/db mice and endothelial cells incubated with high glucose (30 mM) plus palmitic acid (PA, 0.1 mM), and restored diabetes-impaired Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Pretreatment with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibitors IWR-1-endo (IWR) and ICG-001 abolished aFGF-mediated attenuation of mitochondrial superoxide generation and endothelial protection. Furthermore, the effects of aFGF on endothelial protection under diabetic conditions were suppressed by c-Myc knockdown. Mechanistically, c-Myc knockdown triggered mitochondrial superoxide generation, which was related to decreased expression and subsequent impaired mitochondrial localization of hexokinase 2 (HXK2). The role of HXK2 in aFGF-mediated attenuation of mitochondrial superoxide levels and EC protection was further confirmed by si-Hxk2 and a cell-permeable form of hexokinase II VDAC binding domain (HXK2VBD) peptide, which inhibits mitochondrial localization of HXK2. Taken together, these findings suggest that the endothelial protective effect of aFGF under diabetic conditions could be partly attributed to its role in suppressing mitochondrial superoxide generation via HXK2, which is mediated by the Wnt/β-catenin/c-Myc axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaozhong Huang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Chao Niu
- Pediatric Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Xuejiao Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Wanqian Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Mengxue Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinhua Women & Children Health Hospital, Jinhua, PR China
| | - Shuai Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Xixi Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, PR China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
| | - Litai Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China.
| | - Jian Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China.
| | - Weitao Cong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China.
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Liu Y, Sun Y, Hu C, Liu J, Gao A, Han H, Chai M, Zhang J, Zhou Y, Zhao Y. Perivascular Adipose Tissue as an Indication, Contributor to, and Therapeutic Target for Atherosclerosis. Front Physiol 2020; 11:615503. [PMID: 33391033 PMCID: PMC7775482 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.615503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) has been identified to have significant endocrine and paracrine functions, such as releasing bioactive adipokines, cytokines, and chemokines, rather than a non-physiological structural tissue. Considering the contiguity with the vascular wall, PVAT could play a crucial role in the pathogenic microenvironment of atherosclerosis. Growing clinical evidence has shown an association between PVAT and atherosclerosis. Moreover, based on computed tomography, the fat attenuation index of PVAT was verified as an indication of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. Under pathological conditions, such as obesity and diabetes, PVAT shows a proatherogenic phenotype by increasing the release of factors that induce endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory cell infiltration, thus contributing to atherosclerosis. Growing animal and human studies have investigated the mechanism of the above process, which has yet to be fully elucidated. Furthermore, traditional treatments for atherosclerosis have been proven to act on PVAT, and we found several studies focused on novel drugs that target PVAT for the prevention of atherosclerosis. Emerging as an indication, contributor to, and therapeutic target for atherosclerosis, PVAT warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Chengping Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Jinxing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Ang Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Hongya Han
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Chai
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yingxin Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
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Bar A, Kieronska-Rudek A, Proniewski B, Suraj-Prażmowska J, Czamara K, Marczyk B, Matyjaszczyk-Gwarda K, Jasztal A, Kuś E, Majka Z, Kaczor A, Kurpińska A, Walczak M, Pieterman EJ, Princen HMG, Chlopicki S. In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Detection of Heterogeneous Endothelial Response in Thoracic and Abdominal Aorta to Short-Term High-Fat Diet Ascribed to Differences in Perivascular Adipose Tissue in Mice. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e016929. [PMID: 33073641 PMCID: PMC7763398 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.016929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Long-term feeding with a high-fat diet (HFD) induces endothelial dysfunction in mice, but early HFD-induced effects on endothelium have not been well characterized. Methods and Results Using an magnetic resonance imaging-based methodology that allows characterization of endothelial function in vivo, we demonstrated that short-term (2 weeks) feeding with a HFD to C57BL/6 mice or to E3L.CETP mice resulted in the impairment of acetylcholine-induced response in the abdominal aorta (AA), whereas, in the thoracic aorta (TA), the acetylcholine-induced response was largely preserved. Similarly, HFD resulted in arterial stiffness in the AA, but not in the TA. The difference in HFD-induced response was ascribed to distinct characteristics of perivascular adipose tissue in the TA and AA, related to brown- and white-like adipose tissue, respectively, as assessed by histology, immunohistochemistry, and Raman spectroscopy. In contrast, short-term HFD-induced endothelial dysfunction could not be linked to systemic insulin resistance, changes in plasma concentration of nitrite, or concentration of biomarkers of glycocalyx disruption (syndecan-1 and endocan), endothelial inflammation (soluble form of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, soluble form of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and soluble form of E-selectin), endothelial permeability (soluble form of fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 and angiopoietin 2), and hemostasis (tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1). Conclusions Short-term feeding with a HFD induces endothelial dysfunction in the AA but not in the TA, which could be ascribed to a differential response of perivascular adipose tissue to a HFD in the AA versus TA. Importantly, early endothelial dysfunction in the AA is not linked to elevation of classical systemic biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bar
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET) Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland
| | - Anna Kieronska-Rudek
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET) Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland.,Chair of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine Jagiellonian University Medical College Krakow Poland
| | - Bartosz Proniewski
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET) Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland
| | - Joanna Suraj-Prażmowska
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET) Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland.,Chair and Department of Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy Jagiellonian University Medical College Krakow Poland
| | - Krzysztof Czamara
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET) Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland
| | - Brygida Marczyk
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET) Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland.,Chair of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine Jagiellonian University Medical College Krakow Poland
| | - Karolina Matyjaszczyk-Gwarda
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET) Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland.,Chair and Department of Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy Jagiellonian University Medical College Krakow Poland
| | - Agnieszka Jasztal
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET) Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland
| | - Edyta Kuś
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET) Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland
| | - Zuzanna Majka
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET) Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland.,Faculty of Chemistry Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kaczor
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET) Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland.,Faculty of Chemistry Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland
| | - Anna Kurpińska
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET) Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland
| | - Maria Walczak
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET) Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland.,Chair and Department of Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy Jagiellonian University Medical College Krakow Poland
| | - Elsbet J Pieterman
- Metabolic Health Research Gaubius Laboratory The Netherlands Organisation of Applied Scientific Research (TNO) Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Hans M G Princen
- Metabolic Health Research Gaubius Laboratory The Netherlands Organisation of Applied Scientific Research (TNO) Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET) Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland.,Chair of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine Jagiellonian University Medical College Krakow Poland
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10
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Victorio JA, da Costa RM, Tostes RC, Davel AP. Modulation of Vascular Function by Perivascular Adipose Tissue: Sex Differences. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:3768-3777. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200701211912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In addition to the endothelium, the perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) has been described to be involved
in the local modulation of vascular function by synthetizing and releasing vasoactive factors. Under
physiological conditions, PVAT has anticontractile and anti-inflammatory effects. However, in the context of
hypertension, obesity and type 2 diabetes, the PVAT pattern of anticontractile adipokines is altered, favoring
oxidative stress, inflammation and, consequently, vascular dysfunction. Therefore, dysfunctional PVAT has become
a target for therapeutic intervention in cardiometabolic diseases. An increasing number of studies have
revealed sex differences in PVAT morphology and in the modulatory effects of PVAT on endothelial function
and vascular tone. Moreover, distinct mechanisms underlying PVAT dysfunction may account for vascular abnormalities
in males and females. Therefore, targeting sex-specific mechanisms of PVAT dysfunction in cardiovascular
diseases is an evolving strategy for cardiovascular protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamaira A. Victorio
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael M. da Costa
- Special Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Federal University of Goias-Jatai, Jatai-GO, Brazil
| | - Rita C. Tostes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto-SP, Brazil
| | - Ana P. Davel
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas-SP, Brazil
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11
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Sachdeva R, Jia M, Wang S, Yung A, Zheng MMZ, Lee AHX, Monga A, Leong S, Kozlowski P, Fan F, Roman RJ, Phillips AA, Krassioukov AV. Vascular-Cognitive Impairment following High-Thoracic Spinal Cord Injury Is Associated with Structural and Functional Maladaptations in Cerebrovasculature. J Neurotrauma 2020; 37:1963-1970. [PMID: 32394805 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2019.6913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals living with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) often exhibit impairments in cognitive function, which impede their rehabilitation and transition into the community. Although a number of clinical studies have demonstrated the impact of impaired cardiovascular control on cognitive impairment, the mechanistic understanding of this deleterious relationship is still lacking. The present study investigates whether chronic disruption of cardiovascular control following experimental SCI results in cerebrovascular decline and vascular cognitive impairment. Fourteen weeks following a high thoracic SCI (at the third thoracic segment), rats were subjected to a battery of in vivo and in vitro physiological assessments, cognitive-behavioral tests, and immunohistochemical approaches to investigate changes in cerebrovascular structure and function in the middle cerebral artery (MCA). We show that in the MCA of rats with SCI, there is a 55% (SCI vs. control: 13.4 ± 1.9% vs. 29.63 ± 2.8%, respectively) reduction in the maximal vasodilator response to carbachol, which is associated with reduced expression of endothelial marker cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31) and transient receptor potential cation channel 4 (TRPV 4) channels. Compared with controls, MCAs in rats with SCI were found to have 50% (SCI vs. control: 1.5 ± 0.2 vs. 1 ± 0.1 a.u., respectively) more collagen 1 in the media of vascular wall and 37% (SCI vs. control: 30.5 ± 2.9% vs. 42.0 ± 4.0%, respectively) less distensibility at physiological intraluminal pressure. Further, the cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the hippocampus was reduced by 32% in the SCI group (SCI vs. control: 44.3 ± 4.5 mL/100 g/min vs. 65.0 ± 7.2 mL/100 g/min, respectively) in association with impairment of short-term memory based on a novel object recognition test. There were no changes in the sympathetic innervation of the vasculature and passive structure in the SCI group. Chronic experimental SCI is associated with structural alterations and endothelial dysfunction in cerebral arteries that likely contribute to significantly reduced CBF and vascular cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Sachdeva
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mengyao Jia
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shaoxun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Andrew Yung
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mei Mu Zi Zheng
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amanda H X Lee
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Aaron Monga
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sarah Leong
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Piotr Kozlowski
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Richard J Roman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Aaron A Phillips
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrei V Krassioukov
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,G.F. Strong Rehabilitation Center, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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12
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Beneficial effects of murtilla extract and madecassic acid on insulin sensitivity and endothelial function in a model of diet-induced obesity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:599. [PMID: 30679477 PMCID: PMC6345770 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36555-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Infusions of murtilla leaves exhibit antioxidant, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Several compounds that are structurally similar to madecassic acid (MA), a component of murtilla leaf extract (ethyl acetate extract, EAE), have been shown to inhibit protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1P). The aim of this study was to evaluate if EAE and two compounds identified in EAE (MA and myricetin [MYR]) could have a beneficial effect on systemic and vascular insulin sensitivity and endothelial function in a model of diet-induced obesity. Experiments were performed in 5-week-old male C57BL6J mice fed with a standard (LF) or a very high-fat diet (HF) for 4 weeks and treated with EAE, MA, MYR, or the vehicle as control (C). EAE significantly inhibited PTP1B. EAE and MA, but not MYR, significantly improved systemic insulin sensitivity in HF mice and vascular relaxation to Ach in aorta segments, due to a significant increase of eNOS phosphorylation and enhanced nitric oxide availability. EAE, MA, and MYR also accounted for increased relaxant responses to insulin in HF mice, thus evidencing that the treatments significantly improved aortic insulin sensitivity. This study shows for the first time that EAE and MA could constitute interesting candidates for treating insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction associated with obesity.
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13
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Willson C, Watanabe M, Tsuji-Hosokawa A, Makino A. Pulmonary vascular dysfunction in metabolic syndrome. J Physiol 2018; 597:1121-1141. [PMID: 30125956 DOI: 10.1113/jp275856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a critically important precursor to the onset of many diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, and cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. The primary risk factors of metabolic syndrome include hyperglycaemia, abdominal obesity, dyslipidaemia, and high blood pressure. It has been well documented that metabolic syndrome alters vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cell functions in the heart, brain, kidney and peripheral vessels. However, there is less information available regarding how metabolic syndrome can affect pulmonary vascular function and ultimately increase an individual's risk of developing various pulmonary vascular diseases, such as pulmonary hypertension. Here, we review in detail how metabolic syndrome affects pulmonary vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor Willson
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Makiko Watanabe
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Ayako Makino
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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14
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Qiu T, Li M, Tanner MA, Yang Y, Sowers JR, Korthuis RJ, Hill MA. Depletion of dendritic cells in perivascular adipose tissue improves arterial relaxation responses in type 2 diabetic mice. Metabolism 2018; 85:76-89. [PMID: 29530798 PMCID: PMC6062442 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulation of multiple subtypes of immune cells in perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) has been proposed to cause vascular inflammation and dysfunction in type 2 diabetes (T2DM). This study was designed to investigate specific roles for dendritic cells in PVAT in the development of vascular inflammation and impaired PVAT-mediated vasorelaxation in T2DM. METHODS AND RESULTS Studies were performed using db/db mice (model of T2DM) and their Db heterozygote (DbHET), lean and normoglycemic controls. Dendritic cell depletion was performed by cross-breeding DbHet with Flt3l-/- (null for ligand for FMS-kinase tyrosine kinase) mice. Using PCR, it was found that the majority of dendritic cells (CD11c+) were located in PVAT rather than the vascular wall. Flow cytometry similarly showed greater dendritic cell accumulation in adipose tissue from db/db mice than DbHET controls. Adipose tissue from db/db mice displayed increased mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 and decreased mRNA levels of the anti-inflammatory mediator adiponectin, compared to DbHET mice. Depletion of dendritic cells in dbFlt3l-/dbFlt3l- (confirmed by flow cytometry) reduced TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA levels in diabetic adipose tissue without influencing adiponection expression. Moreover, in mesenteric arteries, dendritic cell depletion improved the ability of PVAT to augment acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation and anti-contractile activity. CONCLUSIONS In a murine model of T2DM, dendritic cells accumulated predominantly in PVAT, as opposed to the vessel wall, per se. Accumulation of dendritic cells in PVAT was associated with overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which contributed to an impaired ability of PVAT to augment vasorelaxation and exert anti-contractile activity in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Qiu
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri and Truman VA Medical Center, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri and Truman VA Medical Center, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Min Li
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri and Truman VA Medical Center, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Miles A Tanner
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri and Truman VA Medical Center, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Yan Yang
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri and Truman VA Medical Center, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - James R Sowers
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri and Truman VA Medical Center, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri and Truman VA Medical Center, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Ronald J Korthuis
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri and Truman VA Medical Center, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri and Truman VA Medical Center, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Michael A Hill
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri and Truman VA Medical Center, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri and Truman VA Medical Center, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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15
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Kitamura K, Sato K, Sawabe M, Yoshida M, Hagiwara N. P-Selectin Glycoprotein Ligand-1 (PSGL-1) Expressing CD4 T Cells Contribute Plaque Instability in Acute Coronary Syndrome. Circ J 2018; 82:2128-2135. [PMID: 29962384 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-17-1270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adhesion molecules have essential roles in the development of atherosclerosis. We investigated whether P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1)-expressing CD4 T cells contribute to plaque instability in acute coronary syndrome (ACS).Methods and Results:We studied the adhesion molecules on CD4 T cells from consecutive patients with ACS treated with thrombus-aspirating device and compared them with healthy controls (n=48 each). Blood, thrombi, and plaque samples from the culprit coronary arteries were collected by thrombus aspiration performed during emergency coronary artery angiography. According to flow cytometry results, peripheral CD4 T cells from ACS patients strongly expressed PSGL-1 and integrin β2 (P<0.05 for both) more than those from controls; culprit coronary arteries contained an abundance of PSGL-1+(P<0.001) but not integrin β2+CD4 T cells. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis of the thrombus-aspirating device samples revealed numerous PSGL-1+CD4 T cells in plaques from the culprit lesions. Results from the selectin-binding assay demonstrated that activated PSGL-1+CD4 T cells from ACS patients bound to P- or E-selectin after triggering the T-cell receptor, and adhered to endothelial cells under laminar flow conditions (P<0.05 and P<0.05, respectively), inducing their apoptosis (P<0.01) via activated caspase-3, which correlated with PSGL-1 expression (R=0.788, P=0.021) and was suppressed by application of a PSGL-1-specific antibody (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS PSGL-1 contributed to cytotoxic CD4 T cell homing to the culprit coronary artery and promoted plaque instability in ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kayoko Sato
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University
| | - Motoji Sawabe
- Section of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Masayuki Yoshida
- Life Sciences and Bioethics Research Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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16
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Wang H, Wang Q, Venugopal J, Wang J, Kleiman K, Guo C, Eitzman DT. Obesity-induced Endothelial Dysfunction is Prevented by Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Inhibition. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4881. [PMID: 29559676 PMCID: PMC5861102 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23256-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction precedes atherosclerosis and may constitute a critical link between obesity-related inflammation and cardiovascular disease. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been shown to promote vascular damage in murine models of autoimmune disease and atherosclerosis. The impact of NETs towards endothelial dysfunction associated with obesity is unknown. Using a diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model, this study investigated whether the inhibition or degradation of NETs could reduce the endothelial dysfunction observed in DIO mice. Following induction of DIO, there were elevated plasma concentrations of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and impairment of mesenteric arteriolar vasorelaxation in response to acetylcholine as measured by pressure myography. A marker of NET formation, cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP), was markedly increased in mesenteric arterial walls of DIO mice compared to mice on standard chow. Prevention of NET formation with Cl-amidine or dissolution of NETs with DNase restored endothelium-dependent vasodilation to the mesenteric arteries of DIO mice. These findings suggest an instrumental role for NETs in obesity-induced endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- University of Michigan, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jessica Venugopal
- University of Michigan, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jintao Wang
- University of Michigan, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kyle Kleiman
- University of Michigan, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Chiao Guo
- University of Michigan, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Daniel T Eitzman
- University of Michigan, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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17
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Wang Q, Wang H, Wang J, Venugopal J, Kleiman K, Guo C, Sun Y, Eitzman DT. Angiotensin II-induced Hypertension is Reduced by Deficiency of P-selectin Glycoprotein Ligand-1. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3223. [PMID: 29459637 PMCID: PMC5818646 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21588-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of inflammatory mediators that regulate the vascular response to vasopressor molecules may aid in the development of novel therapeutic agents to treat or prevent hypertensive vascular diseases. Leukocytes have recently been shown to be capable of modifying blood pressure responses to vasopressor molecules. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that deficiency of the leukocyte ligand, Psgl-1, would reduce the pressor response to angiotensin II (Ang II). Mice deficient in Psgl-1 (Psgl-1−/−) along with wild-type (WT) controls were treated for 2 weeks with a continuous infusion of Ang II. No differences in blood pressure between the groups were noted at baseline, however after 5 days of Ang II infusion, systolic blood pressures were higher in WT compared to Psgl-1−/− mice. The pressor response to acute administration of high dose Ang II was also attenuated in Psgl-1−/− compared to WT mice. Chimeric mice with hematopoietic deficiency of Psgl-1 similarly showed a reduced pressor response to Ang II. This effect was associated with reduced plasma interleukin-17 (IL-17) levels in Psgl-1−/− mice and the reduced pressor response was restored by administration of recombinant IL-17. In conclusion, hematopoietic deficiency of Psgl-1 attenuates Ang II-induced hypertension, an effect that may be mediated by reduced IL-17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jintao Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jessica Venugopal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kyle Kleiman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Chiao Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yingxian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Daniel T Eitzman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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18
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Fernández-Alfonso MS, Somoza B, Tsvetkov D, Kuczmanski A, Dashwood M, Gil-Ortega M. Role of Perivascular Adipose Tissue in Health and Disease. Compr Physiol 2017; 8:23-59. [PMID: 29357124 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c170004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is cushion of fat tissue surrounding blood vessels, which is phenotypically different from other adipose tissue depots. PVAT is composed of adipocytes and stromal vascular fraction, constituted by different populations of immune cells, endothelial cells, and adipose-derived stromal cells. It expresses and releases an important number of vasoactive factors with paracrine effects on vascular structure and function. In healthy individuals, these factors elicit a net anticontractile and anti-inflammatory paracrine effect aimed at meeting hemodynamic and metabolic demands of specific organs and regions of the body. Pathophysiological situations, such as obesity, diabetes or hypertension, induce changes in its amount and in the expression pattern of vasoactive factors leading to a PVAT dysfunction in which the beneficial paracrine influence of PVAT is shifted to a pro-oxidant, proinflammatory, contractile, and trophic environment leading to functional and structural cardiovascular alterations and cardiovascular disease. Many different PVATs surrounding a variety of blood vessels have been described and exhibit regional differences. Both protective and deleterious influence of PVAT differs regionally depending on the specific vascular bed contributing to variations in the susceptibility of arteries and veins to vascular disease. PVAT therefore, might represent a novel target for pharmacological intervention in cardiovascular disease. © 2018 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 8:23-59, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beatriz Somoza
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dmitry Tsvetkov
- Department of Anestesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, HELIOS Klinikum, Berlin-Buch GmbH, Germany.,Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy, Eberhard Karls University Hospitals and Clinics, and Interfaculty Center of Pharmacogenomics and Drug Research, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Artur Kuczmanski
- Department of Anestesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, HELIOS Klinikum, Berlin-Buch GmbH, Germany
| | - Mick Dashwood
- Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College Medical School, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Gil-Ortega
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
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19
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Battson ML, Lee DM, Jarrell DK, Hou S, Ecton KE, Phan AB, Gentile CL. Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid Reduces Arterial Stiffness and Improves Endothelial Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetic Mice. J Vasc Res 2017; 54:280-287. [DOI: 10.1159/000479967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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20
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Patel MS, Miranda-Nieves D, Chen J, Haller CA, Chaikof EL. Targeting P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1/P-selectin interactions as a novel therapy for metabolic syndrome. Transl Res 2017; 183:1-13. [PMID: 28034759 PMCID: PMC5393932 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity-induced insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome continue to pose an important public health challenge worldwide as they significantly increase the risk of type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Advances in the pathophysiologic understanding of this process has identified that chronic inflammation plays a pivotal role. In this regard, given that both animal models and human studies have demonstrated that the interaction of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) with P-selectin is not only critical for normal immune response but also is upregulated in the setting of metabolic syndrome, PSGL-1/P-selectin interactions provide a novel target for preventing and treating resultant disease. Current approaches of interfering with PSGL-1/P-selectin interactions include targeted antibodies, recombinant immunoglobulins that competitively bind P-selectin, and synthetic molecular therapies. Experimental models as well as clinical trials assessing the role of these modalities in a variety of diseases have continued to contribute to the understanding of PSGL-1/P-selectin interactions and have demonstrated the difficulty in creating clinically relevant therapeutics. Most recently, however, computational simulations have further enhanced our understanding of the structural features of PSGL-1 and related glycomimetics, which are responsible for high-affinity selectin interactions. Leveraging these insights for the design of next generation agents has thus led to development of a promising synthetic method for generating PSGL-1 glycosulfopeptide mimetics for the treatment of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhukar S Patel
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - David Miranda-Nieves
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass
| | - Jiaxuan Chen
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Carolyn A Haller
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Elliot L Chaikof
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
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21
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Ramirez JG, O'Malley EJ, Ho WSV. Pro-contractile effects of perivascular fat in health and disease. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:3482-3495. [PMID: 28257140 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is now recognized as an active player in vascular homeostasis. The expansion of PVAT in obesity and its possible role in vascular dysfunction have attracted much interest. In terms of the regulation of vascular tone and blood pressure, PVAT has been shown to release vasoactive mediators, for instance, angiotensin peptides, reactive oxygen species, chemokines and cytokines. The secretory profile of PVAT is altered by obesity, hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases, leading to an imbalance between its pro-contractile and anti-contractile effects. PVAT adipocytes represent an important source of the mediators, but infiltrating immune cells may become more important under conditions of hypoxia and inflammation. This review describes recent advances in the effects of PVAT on the regulation of vascular tone, highlighting the evidence for a pro-contractile action in health and disease. The role of the endothelium, vascular smooth muscle, immune cells and probably perivascular nerves in PVAT function is also discussed. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Perivascular Adipose Tissue - Potential Pharmacological Targets? To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.20/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Ramirez
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, St George's University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - E J O'Malley
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, St George's University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - W S V Ho
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, St George's University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK
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22
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Miyachi Y, Tsuchiya K, Komiya C, Shiba K, Shimazu N, Yamaguchi S, Deushi M, Osaka M, Inoue K, Sato Y, Matsumoto S, Kikuta J, Wake K, Yoshida M, Ishii M, Ogawa Y. Roles for Cell-Cell Adhesion and Contact in Obesity-Induced Hepatic Myeloid Cell Accumulation and Glucose Intolerance. Cell Rep 2017; 18:2766-2779. [PMID: 28297678 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Miyachi
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kyoichiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
| | - Chikara Komiya
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kumiko Shiba
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Noriko Shimazu
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Shinobu Yamaguchi
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Michiyo Deushi
- Department of Life Science and Bioethics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Mizuko Osaka
- Department of Life Science and Bioethics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kouji Inoue
- Department of Anatomy and Histocytology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-8501, Japan
| | - Yuta Sato
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sayaka Matsumoto
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Junichi Kikuta
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Wake
- Department of Anatomy and Histocytology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-8501, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yoshida
- Department of Life Science and Bioethics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Masaru Ishii
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, CREST, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan.
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Wang CM, Chen YH, Lee YC, Chang JS. Endoplasmic reticulum stress contributes to ferritin molecules-mediated macrophage migration via P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 61. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Mei Wang
- Department of Nutrition; MacKay Memorial Hospital; Taiwan
| | - Yue-Hwa Chen
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences; College of Nutrition; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
- Nutrition Research Center; Taipei Medical University Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chieh Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences; College of Medicine; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Jung-Su Chang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences; College of Nutrition; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
- Nutrition Research Center; Taipei Medical University Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
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Xia N, Li H. The role of perivascular adipose tissue in obesity-induced vascular dysfunction. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 174:3425-3442. [PMID: 27761903 PMCID: PMC5610151 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Under physiological conditions, perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) attenuates agonist‐induced vasoconstriction by releasing vasoactive molecules including hydrogen peroxide, angiotensin 1–7, adiponectin, methyl palmitate, hydrogen sulfide, NO and leptin. This anticontractile effect of PVAT is lost under conditions of obesity. The central mechanism underlying this PVAT dysfunction in obesity is likely to be an ‘obesity triad’ (consisting of PVAT hypoxia, inflammation and oxidative stress) that leads to the impairment of PVAT‐derived vasoregulators. The production of hydrogen sulfide, NO and adiponectin by PVAT is reduced in obesity, whereas the vasodilator response to leptin is impaired (vascular leptin resistance). Strikingly, the vasodilator response to acetylcholine is reduced only in PVAT‐containing, but not in PVAT‐free thoracic aorta isolated from diet‐induced obese mice, indicating a unique role for PVAT in obesity‐induced vascular dysfunction. Furthermore, PVAT dysfunction has also been observed in small arteries isolated from the gluteal/visceral fat biopsy samples of obese individuals. Therefore, PVAT may represent a new therapeutic target for vascular complications in obesity. A number of approaches are currently being tested under experimental conditions. Potential therapeutic strategies improving PVAT function include body weight reduction, enhancing PVAT hydrogen sulfide release (e.g. rosiglitazone, atorvastatin and cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonists) and NO production (e.g. arginase inhibitors), inhibition of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, inhibition of inflammation with melatonin or cytokine antagonists, activators of AMP‐activated kinase (e.g. metformin, resveratrol and diosgenin) and adiponectin releasers or expression enhancers. Linked Articles This article is part of a themed section on Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Perivascular Adipose Tissue – Potential Pharmacological Targets? To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.20/issuetoc
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xia
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Huige Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.,Center for Translational Vascular Biology (CTVB), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
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25
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Lee DM, Battson ML, Jarrell DK, Cox-York K, Foster MT, Weir TL, Gentile CL. Fuzhuan tea reverses arterial stiffening after modest weight gain in mice. Nutrition 2016; 33:266-270. [PMID: 27717663 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a Western diet (WD) and supplementation with Fuzhuan tea on large artery stiffness, as determined by aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV). METHODS Mice were subjected to a standard diet (SD; n = 12) or WD (n = 10) for 7 mo, and were then separated to receive nonsupplemented drinking water (SD-W and WD-W) or water supplemented with Fuzhuan tea (SD-T and WD-T) (200 mg/kg daily); mice were then maintained on their respective diets for an additional 2 mo. RESULTS After the initial 7-mo feeding period, WD elicited a modest and significantly greater increase in body weight than did SD (39.6 ± 0.71 versus 34.5 ± 1.16 g; P < 0.01). PWV was significantly elevated in WD but not in SD (459.3 ± 4.8 versus 422.4 ± 6.4 cm/s; P < 0.001). Following an additional 2 mo, PWV continued to increase in WD-W, but returned to control levels in WD-T (WD-W: 519.8 ± 12.8; WD-T: 426.5 ± 18.6; SD-W: 429.7 ± 8.6; SD-T: 429.1 ± 6.1 cm/s; P < 0.001, WD-W versus all groups). The increase in PWV in WD-W was accompanied by an increase in aortic collagen (WD-W: 38.8 ± 4.6 versus SD-W: 17.5 ± 5.1 percent cross-sectional area; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The results of the present study suggest that the increase in arterial stiffness after modest, diet-induced weight gain can be reversed by supplementation with Fuzhuan tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin M Lee
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Micah L Battson
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Dillon K Jarrell
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Kimberly Cox-York
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Michelle T Foster
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Tiffany L Weir
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Christopher L Gentile
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.
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26
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Phillips AA, Matin N, Frias B, Zheng MMZ, Jia M, West C, Dorrance AM, Laher I, Krassioukov AV. Rigid and remodelled: cerebrovascular structure and function after experimental high-thoracic spinal cord transection. J Physiol 2016; 594:1677-88. [PMID: 26634420 DOI: 10.1113/jp270925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
High-thoracic or cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) is associated with several critical clinical conditions related to impaired cerebrovascular health, including: 300-400% increased risk of stroke, cognitive decline and diminished cerebral blood flow regulation. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of high-thoracic (T3 spinal segment) SCI on cerebrovascular structure and function, as well as molecular markers of profibrosis. Seven weeks after complete T3 spinal cord transection (T3-SCI, n = 15) or sham injury (Sham, n = 10), rats were sacrificed for either middle cerebral artery (MCA) structure and function assessments via ex vivo pressure myography, or immunohistochemical analyses. Myogenic tone was unchanged, but over a range of transmural pressures, inward remodelling occurred after T3-SCI with a 40% reduction in distensibility (both P < 0.05), and a 33% reduction in vasoconstrictive reactivity to 5-HT trending toward significance (P = 0.09). After T3-SCI, the MCA had more collagen I (42%), collagen III (24%), transforming growth factor β (47%) and angiotensin II receptor type 2 (132%), 27% less elastin as well as concurrent increased wall thickness and reduced lumen diameter (all P < 0.05). Sympathetic innervation (tyrosine hydroxylase-positive axon density) and endothelium-dependent dilatation (carbachol) of the MCA were not different between groups. This study demonstrates profibrosis and hypertrophic inward remodelling within the largest cerebral artery after high-thoracic SCI, leading to increased stiffness and possibly impaired reactivity. These deleterious adaptations would substantially undermine the capacity for regulation of cerebral blood flow and probably underlie several cerebrovascular clinical conditions in the SCI population.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Phillips
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Experimental Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Centre for Heart, Lung, and Vascular Health, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - N Matin
- Pharmacology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - B Frias
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - M M Z Zheng
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Experimental Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - M Jia
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - C West
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - A M Dorrance
- Pharmacology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - I Laher
- Deptartment of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - A V Krassioukov
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,GF Strong Rehabilitation Center, Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, Canada.,Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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27
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Human perivascular adipose tissue dysfunction as a cause of vascular disease: Focus on vascular tone and wall remodeling. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 766:16-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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28
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Wang H, Wang J, Guo C, Luo W, Kleiman K, Eitzman DT. Renal denervation attenuates progression of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice independent of blood pressure lowering. Hypertension 2015; 65:758-65. [PMID: 25646301 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.114.04648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The renal autonomic nervous system may contribute to hypertension and vascular disease. Although the effects of renal artery denervation on blood pressure lowering are controversial, there may be other beneficial vascular effects independent of blood pressure lowering. Bilateral renal denervation (RDN) or sham operation (SO) was performed in 14-week-old male apolipoprotein E-deficient mice on a Western diet starting at 10 weeks of age. Efficacy of RDN was confirmed by reduction of renal norepinephrine levels (SO: 3.8±0.1 versus RDN: 1.7±0.3 ng/mL; P<0.01) at 6 weeks after procedure. Compared with SO, RDN had no effect on blood pressure (SO: 101.0±2.4 versus RDN: 97.5±1.6 mm Hg; P=0.25), total cholesterol (SO: 536.7±28.5 versus RDN: 535.7±62.9 mg/dL; P=0.99), or triglycerides (SO: 83.7±3.5 versus RDN: 86.9±10.2 mg/dL; P=0.78). Quantification of atherosclerosis at 20 weeks of age demonstrated reduced atherosclerosis in mice receiving RDN compared with SO (arterial tree oil-red-O surface staining RDN: 4.2±0.5% versus SO: 6.3±0.7%; P<0.05). Reduced atherosclerosis was associated with increased smooth muscle cell content in atherosclerotic plaques (RDN: 13.3±2.1 versus SO: 8.1±0.6%; P<0.05). Serum levels of aldosterone, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and 8-isoprostane were lower in mice that received RDN compared with sham-operated mice (aldosterone; RDN: 206.8±33.2 versus SO: 405.5±59.4 pg/mL, P<0.05; monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; RDN: 51.7±7.9 versus SO: 91.71±4.6 pg/mL, P<0.05; 8-isoprostane; RDN: 331.9±38.2 versus SO: 468.5±42.0 pg/mL, P<0.05). RDN reduces progression of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. These changes are associated with reduced aldosterone levels, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and markers of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Jintao Wang
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Chiao Guo
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Wei Luo
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Kyle Kleiman
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Daniel T Eitzman
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
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29
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Qiu S, Mintz JD, Salet CD, Han W, Giannis A, Chen F, Yu Y, Su Y, Fulton DJ, Stepp DW. Increasing muscle mass improves vascular function in obese (db/db) mice. J Am Heart Assoc 2014; 3:e000854. [PMID: 24965025 PMCID: PMC4309080 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.114.000854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background A sedentary lifestyle is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and exercise has been shown to ameliorate this risk. Inactivity is associated with a loss of muscle mass, which is also reversed with isometric exercise training. The relationship between muscle mass and vascular function is poorly defined. The aims of the current study were to determine whether increasing muscle mass by genetic deletion of myostatin, a negative regulator of muscle growth, can influence vascular function in mesenteric arteries from obese db/db mice. Methods and Results Myostatin expression was elevated in skeletal muscle of obese mice and associated with reduced muscle mass (30% to 50%). Myostatin deletion increased muscle mass in lean (40% to 60%) and obese (80% to 115%) mice through increased muscle fiber size (P<0.05). Myostatin deletion decreased adipose tissue in lean mice, but not obese mice. Markers of insulin resistance and glucose tolerance were improved in obese myostatin knockout mice. Obese mice demonstrated an impaired endothelial vasodilation, compared to lean mice. This impairment was improved by superoxide dismutase mimic Tempol. Deletion of myostatin improved endothelial vasodilation in mesenteric arteries in obese, but not in lean, mice. This improvement was blunted by nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor l‐NG‐nitroarginine methyl ester (l‐NAME). Prostacyclin (PGI2)‐ and endothelium‐derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF)‐mediated vasodilation were preserved in obese mice and unaffected by myostatin deletion. Reactive oxygen species) was elevated in the mesenteric endothelium of obese mice and down‐regulated by deletion of myostatin in obese mice. Impaired vasodilation in obese mice was improved by NADPH oxidase inhibitor (GKT136901). Treatment with sepiapterin, which increases levels of tetrahydrobiopterin, improved vasodilation in obese mice, an improvement blocked by l‐NAME. Conclusions Increasing muscle mass by genetic deletion of myostatin improves NO‐, but not PGI2‐ or EDHF‐mediated vasodilation in obese mice; this vasodilation improvement is mediated by down‐regulation of superoxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiqing Qiu
- Vascular Biology Center and Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, Germany (S.Q., J.D.M., C.D.S., W.H., A.G., F.C., Y.Y., Y.S., D.J.F., D.W.S.)
| | - James D Mintz
- Vascular Biology Center and Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, Germany (S.Q., J.D.M., C.D.S., W.H., A.G., F.C., Y.Y., Y.S., D.J.F., D.W.S.)
| | - Christina D Salet
- Vascular Biology Center and Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, Germany (S.Q., J.D.M., C.D.S., W.H., A.G., F.C., Y.Y., Y.S., D.J.F., D.W.S.)
| | - Weihong Han
- Vascular Biology Center and Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, Germany (S.Q., J.D.M., C.D.S., W.H., A.G., F.C., Y.Y., Y.S., D.J.F., D.W.S.) Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, Germany (W.H., Y.S.)
| | - Athanassios Giannis
- Vascular Biology Center and Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, Germany (S.Q., J.D.M., C.D.S., W.H., A.G., F.C., Y.Y., Y.S., D.J.F., D.W.S.) Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (A.G.)
| | - Feng Chen
- Vascular Biology Center and Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, Germany (S.Q., J.D.M., C.D.S., W.H., A.G., F.C., Y.Y., Y.S., D.J.F., D.W.S.)
| | - Yanfang Yu
- Vascular Biology Center and Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, Germany (S.Q., J.D.M., C.D.S., W.H., A.G., F.C., Y.Y., Y.S., D.J.F., D.W.S.)
| | - Yunchao Su
- Vascular Biology Center and Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, Germany (S.Q., J.D.M., C.D.S., W.H., A.G., F.C., Y.Y., Y.S., D.J.F., D.W.S.) Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, Germany (W.H., Y.S.)
| | - David J Fulton
- Vascular Biology Center and Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, Germany (S.Q., J.D.M., C.D.S., W.H., A.G., F.C., Y.Y., Y.S., D.J.F., D.W.S.)
| | - David W Stepp
- Vascular Biology Center and Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, Germany (S.Q., J.D.M., C.D.S., W.H., A.G., F.C., Y.Y., Y.S., D.J.F., D.W.S.)
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30
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Jang HJ, Ridgeway SD, Kim JA. Effects of the green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate on high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2013; 305:E1444-51. [PMID: 24148349 PMCID: PMC3882381 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00434.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance, a hallmark of metabolic disorders, is a risk factor for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Impairment of insulin responsiveness in vascular endothelium contributes to insulin resistance. The reciprocal relationship between insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction augments the pathophysiology of metabolism and cardiovascular functions. The most abundant green tea polyphenol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), has been shown to have vasodilator action in vessels by activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). However, it is not known whether EGCG has a beneficial effect in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced endothelial dysfunction. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed either a normal chow diet (NCD) or HFD with or without EGCG supplement (50 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) for 10 wk. Mice fed a HFD with EGCG supplement gained less body weight and showed improved insulin sensitivity. In vehicle-treated HFD mice, endothelial function was impaired in response to insulin but not to acetylcholine, whereas the EGCG-treated HFD group showed improved insulin-stimulated vasodilation. Interestingly, EGCG intake reduced macrophage infiltration into aortic tissues in HFD mice. Treatment with EGCG restored the insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of eNOS, insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), and protein kinase B (Akt), which was inhibited by palmitate (200 μM, 5 h) in primary bovine aortic endothelial cells. From these results, we conclude that supplementation of EGCG improves glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and endothelial function. The results suggest that EGCG may have beneficial health effects in glucose metabolism and endothelial function through modulating HFD-induced inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ju Jang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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31
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Toda N, Okamura T. Obesity impairs vasodilatation and blood flow increase mediated by endothelial nitric oxide: an overview. J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 53:1228-39. [PMID: 24030923 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Obesity dramatically increases the risk of development of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Endothelial dysfunction induced by obesity is an important risk factor that impairs blood flow controls in various organs. Impaired endothelial function occurs early in life in obese children. Obesity-induced endothelial dysfunction is associated with decreased nitric oxide (NO) production due to impaired endothelial NO synthase activity and expression and increased production of superoxide anion and the endogenous NOS inhibitor ADMA, together with increased vasoconstrictor factors, such as endothelin-1 and sympathetic nerve activation. Decreased endothelial progenitor cells are also involved in endothelial cell senescence in obese individuals. Insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus augment obesity-induced endothelial dysfunction. Adipokines liberated from adipose tissues play roles in modulating endothelial function; adiponectin and ghrelin have beneficial effects on endothelial cells. Effects of leptin on endothelial function are controversial. Decreased body weight by physical exercise, dietary interventions, and bariatric surgery are effective measures that reverse endothelial dysfunction; however, the weight control is not only the reason for improving of endothelia function. Pharmacological therapies with β-adrenoceptor antagonists, resveratolol, anti-obesity agents, nifedipine, and NADPH oxidase inhibitors may also be effective; however, these treatments have to be utilized under the basis of exercise and dietary controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noboru Toda
- Toyama Institute for Cardiovascular Pharmacology Research, Osaka, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
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Wang J, Wang H, Luo W, Guo C, Wang J, Chen YE, Chang L, Eitzman DT. Leptin-induced endothelial dysfunction is mediated by sympathetic nervous system activity. J Am Heart Assoc 2013; 2:e000299. [PMID: 24042086 PMCID: PMC3835232 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.113.000299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adipocyte-derived hormone leptin is elevated in obesity and may contribute to vascular risk associated with obesity. The mechanism(s) by which leptin affects vascular disease is unclear, although leptin has been shown to increase sympathetic activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of leptin treatment on endothelial function and the role of the local sympathetic nervous system in mediating these effects. METHODS AND RESULTS Recombinant leptin was administered to C57BL6/J mice every other day for 1 week. Mesenteric arteriole myography revealed that leptin treatment caused significant impairment of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. Although leptin alone did not raise aortic blood pressure, leptin treatment augmented the blood pressure response to angiotensin II. The effects of leptin on mesenteric arteriolar function and aortic blood pressure response to angiotensin II were neutralized following sympathetic denervation to the mesenteric vasculature. The superoxide scavenger TEMPOL was also effective in preventing the effects of leptin on endothelial dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS Leptin causes endothelial dysfunction and enhances the effects of angiotensin II on blood pressure. These effects of leptin are mediated by sympathetic nervous system activation and superoxide and may contribute to vascular stiffness and hypertension in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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Fernández-Alfonso MS, Gil-Ortega M, García-Prieto CF, Aranguez I, Ruiz-Gayo M, Somoza B. Mechanisms of perivascular adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity. Int J Endocrinol 2013; 2013:402053. [PMID: 24307898 PMCID: PMC3838835 DOI: 10.1155/2013/402053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Most blood vessels are surrounded by adipose tissue. Similarly to the adventitia, perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) was considered only as a passive structural support for the vasculature, and it was routinely removed for isolated blood vessel studies. In 1991, Soltis and Cassis demonstrated for the first time that PVAT reduced contractions to noradrenaline in rat aorta. Since then, an important number of adipocyte-derived factors with physiological and pathophysiological paracrine vasoactive effects have been identified. PVAT undergoes structural and functional changes in obesity. During early diet-induced obesity, an adaptative overproduction of vasodilator factors occurs in PVAT, probably aimed at protecting vascular function. However, in established obesity, PVAT loses its anticontractile properties by an increase of contractile, oxidative, and inflammatory factors, leading to endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease. The aim of this review is to focus on PVAT dysfunction mechanisms in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S. Fernández-Alfonso
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar and Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Juan XXIII 1, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- *Maria S. Fernández-Alfonso:
| | - Marta Gil-Ortega
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, 28660 Madrid, Spain
| | - Concha F. García-Prieto
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, 28660 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Aranguez
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar and Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Juan XXIII 1, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Ruiz-Gayo
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, 28660 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Somoza
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, 28660 Madrid, Spain
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Lee WJ, Chait A, Kim F. P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1: a cellular link between perivascular adipose inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Diabetes 2012; 61:3070-1. [PMID: 23172956 PMCID: PMC3501877 DOI: 10.2337/db12-1036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Changes in the monocytic subsets CD14(dim)CD16(+) and CD14(++)CD16(-) in chronic systolic heart failure patients. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 2012:616384. [PMID: 23226928 PMCID: PMC3514840 DOI: 10.1155/2012/616384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Different monocytic subsets are important in inflammation and tissue remodelling, but although heart failure (HF) is associated with local and systemic inflammation, their roles in HF are yet unknown. We recruited 59 chronic systolic HF patients (aged 58 ± 13 years, 45 males and 14 females) and 29 age-matched controls with no pervious heart disease. Compared to the controls, we found no change in the distribution of the CD14+CD16+ monocytic subset, whereas the classical CD14++CD16− subset was decreased by 11% (P < 0.001), and the nonclassical CD14dimCD16+ subset was expanded by 4% (P < 0.001) in HF patients and was inversely associated with severe HF (P = 0.015), as assessed by increased end-diastolic dimension (EDD). Compared to the control group, serum TNFα, IL-1β, IL-10, and IL-13 levels were significantly elevated in the HF patients. Specifically, IL-13 levels were positively correlated to the CD1CD14dimCD16+ monocytic subset (r = 0.277, P = 0.017), and intracellular staining of IL-13 demonstrated that some of these monocytes produce the cytokine in HF patients, but not in the controls. We suggest that the inverse association between EDD values and the expansion of CD14dimCD16+ monocytes that can produce IL-13 could be explained as a measure to counterbalance adverse remodelling, which is a central process in HF.
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Luo W, Wang H, Guo C, Wang J, Kwak J, Bahrou KL, Eitzman DT. Haploinsufficiency of E-selectin ligand-1 is associated with reduced atherosclerotic plaque macrophage content while complete deficiency leads to early embryonic lethality in mice. Atherosclerosis 2012; 224:363-7. [PMID: 22939356 PMCID: PMC3659783 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
E-selectin-1 (ESL-1), also known as golgi complex-localized glycoprotein-1 (GLG1), homocysteine-rich fibroblast growth factor receptor (CGR-1), and latent transforming growth factor-β complex protein 1 (LTCP-1), is a multifunctional protein with widespread tissue distribution. To determine the functional consequences of ESL-1 deficiency, mice were generated carrying an ESL-1 gene trap. After backcrossing to C57BL6/J for 6 generations, mice heterozygous for the gene trap (ESL-1(+/-)) were intercrossed to produce ESL-1(-/-) mice, however ESL-1(-/-) mice were not viable, even at embryonic day E10.5. To determine the effect of heterozygous ESL-1 deficiency on atherosclerosis, apolipoprotein E deficient (ApoE(-/-)), ESL-1(+/-) mice were generated and fed western diet. Compared to ApoE(-/-), ESL-1(+)(/)(+) mice, atherosclerotic lesions from ApoE(-/-), ESL-1(+/-) contained more collagen and fewer macrophages, suggesting increased plaque stability. In conclusion, heterozygous deficiency of ESL-1 is associated with features of increased atherosclerotic plaque stability while complete deficiency of ESL-1 leads to embryonic lethality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Luo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Michigan, 7301A MSRB III, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0644, USA
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