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Dai YD, Du W, Wang Y, Hu WY. A Targeted Deep Sequencing Method to Quantify Endogenous Retrovirus Gag Sequence Variants and Open Reading Frames Expressed in Nonobese Diabetic Mice. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 213:15-22. [PMID: 38738929 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are involved in autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes (T1D). ERV gene products homologous to murine leukemia retroviruses are expressed in the pancreatic islets of NOD mice, a model of T1D. One ERV gene, Gag, with partial or complete open reading frames (ORFs), is detected in the islets, and it contains many sequence variants. An amplicon deep sequencing analysis was established by targeting a conserved region within the Gag gene to compare NOD with T1D-resistant mice or different ages of prediabetic NOD mice. We observed that the numbers of different Gag variants and ORFs are linked to T1D susceptibility. More importantly, these numbers change during the course of diabetes development and can be quantified to calculate the levels of disease progression. Sequence alignment analysis led to identification of additional markers, including nucleotide mismatching and amino acid consensus at specific positions that can distinguish the early and late stages, before diabetes onset. Therefore, the expression of sequence variants and ORFs of ERV genes, particularly Gag, can be quantified as biomarkers to estimate T1D susceptibility and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang D Dai
- Biomedical Research Institute of Southern California, Oceanside, CA
- HERV Laboratory, San Diego, CA
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2
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Dalle S. Targeting Protein Kinases to Protect Beta-Cell Function and Survival in Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6425. [PMID: 38928130 PMCID: PMC11203834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes is increasing worldwide. Massive death of pancreatic beta-cells causes type 1 diabetes. Progressive loss of beta-cell function and mass characterizes type 2 diabetes. To date, none of the available antidiabetic drugs promotes the maintenance of a functional mass of endogenous beta-cells, revealing an unmet medical need. Dysfunction and apoptotic death of beta-cells occur, in particular, through the activation of intracellular protein kinases. In recent years, protein kinases have become highly studied targets of the pharmaceutical industry for drug development. A number of drugs that inhibit protein kinases have been approved for the treatment of cancers. The question of whether safe drugs that inhibit protein kinase activity can be developed and used to protect the function and survival of beta-cells in diabetes is still unresolved. This review presents arguments suggesting that several protein kinases in beta-cells may represent targets of interest for the development of drugs to treat diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Dalle
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), 34094 Montpellier, France
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3
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Herold KC, Delong T, Perdigoto AL, Biru N, Brusko TM, Walker LSK. The immunology of type 1 diabetes. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24:435-451. [PMID: 38308004 PMCID: PMC7616056 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00985-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Following the seminal discovery of insulin a century ago, treatment of individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) has been largely restricted to efforts to monitor and treat metabolic glucose dysregulation. The recent regulatory approval of the first immunotherapy that targets T cells as a means to delay the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells highlights the critical role of the immune system in disease pathogenesis and tends to pave the way for other immune-targeted interventions for T1D. Improving the efficacy of such interventions across the natural history of the disease will probably require a more detailed understanding of the immunobiology of T1D, as well as technologies to monitor residual β-cell mass and function. Here we provide an overview of the immune mechanisms that underpin the pathogenesis of T1D, with a particular emphasis on T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevan C Herold
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Thomas Delong
- Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Ana Luisa Perdigoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Internal Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Noah Biru
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Todd M Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lucy S K Walker
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London, London, UK.
- Division of Infection & Immunity, University College London, London, UK.
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4
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Syed F, Ballew O, Lee CC, Rana J, Krishnan P, Castela A, Weaver SA, Chalasani NS, Thomaidou SF, Demine S, Chang G, Coomans de Brachène A, Alvelos MI, Marselli L, Orr K, Felton JL, Liu J, Marchetti P, Zaldumbide A, Scheuner D, Eizirik DL, Evans-Molina C. Pharmacological inhibition of tyrosine protein-kinase 2 reduces islet inflammation and delays type 1 diabetes onset in mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.20.585925. [PMID: 38766166 PMCID: PMC11100605 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.20.585925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Tyrosine protein-kinase 2 (TYK2), a member of the Janus kinase family, mediates inflammatory signaling through multiple cytokines, including interferon-α (IFNα), interleukin (IL)-12, and IL-23. Missense mutations in TYK2 are associated with protection against type 1 diabetes (T1D), and inhibition of TYK2 shows promise in the management of other autoimmune conditions. Here, we evaluated the effects of specific TYK2 inhibitors (TYK2is) in pre-clinical models of T1D. First, human β cells, cadaveric donor islets, and iPSC-derived islets were treated in vitro with IFNα in combination with a small molecule TYK2i (BMS-986165 or a related molecule BMS-986202). TYK2 inhibition prevented IFNα-induced β cell HLA class I up-regulation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and chemokine production. In co-culture studies, pre-treatment of β cells with a TYK2i prevented IFNα-induced activation of T cells targeting an epitope of insulin. In vivo administration of BMS-986202 in two mouse models of T1D (RIP-LCMV-GP mice and NOD mice) reduced systemic and tissue-localized inflammation, prevented β cell death, and delayed T1D onset. Transcriptional phenotyping of pancreatic islets, pancreatic lymph nodes (PLN), and spleen during early disease pathogenesis highlighted a role for TYK2 inhibition in modulating signaling pathways associated with inflammation, translational control, stress signaling, secretory function, immunity, and diabetes. Additionally, TYK2i treatment changed the composition of innate and adaptive immune cell populations in the blood and disease target tissues, resulting in an immune phenotype with a diminished capacity for β cell destruction. Overall, these findings indicate that TYK2i has beneficial effects in both the immune and endocrine compartments in models of T1D, thus supporting a path forward for testing TYK2 inhibitors in human T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farooq Syed
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Olivia Ballew
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Chih-Chun Lee
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jyoti Rana
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Preethi Krishnan
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Angela Castela
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Staci A. Weaver
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Sofia F. Thomaidou
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Stephane Demine
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Garrick Chang
- Department of Physics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Maria Ines Alvelos
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lorella Marselli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Kara Orr
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jamie L. Felton
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Arnaud Zaldumbide
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | | | - Decio L. Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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5
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Starskaia I, Valta M, Pietilä S, Suomi T, Pahkuri S, Kalim UU, Rasool O, Rydgren E, Hyöty H, Knip M, Veijola R, Ilonen J, Toppari J, Lempainen J, Elo LL, Lahesmaa R. Distinct cellular immune responses in children en route to type 1 diabetes with different first-appearing autoantibodies. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3810. [PMID: 38714671 PMCID: PMC11076468 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47918-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have revealed heterogeneity in the progression to clinical type 1 diabetes in children who develop islet-specific antibodies either to insulin (IAA) or glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA) as the first autoantibodies. Here, we test the hypothesis that children who later develop clinical disease have different early immune responses, depending on the type of the first autoantibody to appear (GADA-first or IAA-first). We use mass cytometry for deep immune profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples longitudinally collected from children who later progressed to clinical disease (IAA-first, GADA-first, ≥2 autoantibodies first groups) and matched for age, sex, and HLA controls who did not, as part of the Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention study. We identify differences in immune cell composition of children who later develop disease depending on the type of autoantibodies that appear first. Notably, we observe an increase in CD161 expression in natural killer cells of children with ≥2 autoantibodies and validate this in an independent cohort. The results highlight the importance of endotype-specific analyses and are likely to contribute to our understanding of pathogenic mechanisms underlying type 1 diabetes development.
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Grants
- 1-SRA-2016-342-M-R, 1-SRA-2019-732-M-B, 3-SRA-2020-955-S-B JDRF
- BMH4-CT98-3314 European Commission (EC)
- Academy of Finland (292538, 292335, 294337, 319280, 31444, 319280, 329277, 331790, 310561, 314443, 329278, 335434, 335611 and 341342), Novo Nordisk Foundation, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Systems Immunology and Physiology Research 2012-2017 [Decision No 250114]; Special Research Funds for University Hospitals in Finland; Diabetes Research Foundation, Finland; European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes; Päivikki and Sakari Sohlberg Foundation; Pediatric Research Foundation. Business Finland, the Sigrid Jusélius Foundation, Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation, the Finnish Cancer Foundation, InFLAMES Flagship Programme of the Academy of Finland, Diabetes Wellness Suomi, the Finnish cultural foundation. the European Research Council ERC (677943), the Finnish Medical Foundation, the Finnish Pediatric Research Foundation and the Hospital Districht of South-West Finland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Starskaia
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Milla Valta
- Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sami Pietilä
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tomi Suomi
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sirpa Pahkuri
- Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ubaid Ullah Kalim
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Omid Rasool
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Emilie Rydgren
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Heikki Hyöty
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, and Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mikael Knip
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Riitta Veijola
- Department of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Centre, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jorma Ilonen
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma Toppari
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna Lempainen
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
- Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
| | - Laura L Elo
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Riitta Lahesmaa
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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6
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Coomans de Brachène A, Alvelos MI, Szymczak F, Zimath PL, Castela A, Marmontel de Souza B, Roca Rivada A, Marín-Cañas S, Yi X, Op de Beeck A, Morgan NG, Sonntag S, Jawurek S, Title AC, Yesildag B, Pattou F, Kerr-Conte J, Montanya E, Nacher M, Marselli L, Marchetti P, Richardson SJ, Eizirik DL. Interferons are key cytokines acting on pancreatic islets in type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2024; 67:908-927. [PMID: 38409439 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-024-06106-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The proinflammatory cytokines IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β and TNF-α may contribute to innate and adaptive immune responses during insulitis in type 1 diabetes and therefore represent attractive therapeutic targets to protect beta cells. However, the specific role of each of these cytokines individually on pancreatic beta cells remains unknown. METHODS We used deep RNA-seq analysis, followed by extensive confirmation experiments based on reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), western blot, histology and use of siRNAs, to characterise the response of human pancreatic beta cells to each cytokine individually and compared the signatures obtained with those present in islets of individuals affected by type 1 diabetes. RESULTS IFN-α and IFN-γ had a greater impact on the beta cell transcriptome when compared with IL-1β and TNF-α. The IFN-induced gene signatures have a strong correlation with those observed in beta cells from individuals with type 1 diabetes, and the level of expression of specific IFN-stimulated genes is positively correlated with proteins present in islets of these individuals, regulating beta cell responses to 'danger signals' such as viral infections. Zinc finger NFX1-type containing 1 (ZNFX1), a double-stranded RNA sensor, was identified as highly induced by IFNs and shown to play a key role in the antiviral response in beta cells. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These data suggest that IFN-α and IFN-γ are key cytokines at the islet level in human type 1 diabetes, contributing to the triggering and amplification of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Ines Alvelos
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Florian Szymczak
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Priscila L Zimath
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Angela Castela
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Arturo Roca Rivada
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandra Marín-Cañas
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Xiaoyan Yi
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne Op de Beeck
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Noel G Morgan
- Islet Biology Exeter (IBEx), Exeter Centre of Excellence for Diabetes Research (EXCEED), Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Sebastian Sonntag
- InSphero AG, Schlieren, Switzerland
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - François Pattou
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, UMR 1190 Translational Research for Diabetes, Inserm, CHU Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Julie Kerr-Conte
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, UMR 1190 Translational Research for Diabetes, Inserm, CHU Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Eduard Montanya
- Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) and University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Nacher
- Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) and University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorella Marselli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sarah J Richardson
- Islet Biology Exeter (IBEx), Exeter Centre of Excellence for Diabetes Research (EXCEED), Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Decio L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
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7
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Quinteros SL, Snyder NW, Chatoff A, Ryan F, O'Brien B, Donnelly S. The helminth-derived peptide, FhHDM-1, reverses the trained phenotype of NOD bone-marrow-derived macrophages and regulates proinflammatory responses. Eur J Immunol 2024:e2350643. [PMID: 38581085 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
We implicate a phenotype of trained immunity in bone-marrow-derived macrophages in the onset and progression of type 1 diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice. Treatment with FhHDM-1 reversed immune training, reducing histone methylation and glycolysis, and decreasing proinflammatory cytokine production to the same level as macrophages from nondiabetic immune-competent BALB/c mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathaniel W Snyder
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adam Chatoff
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fiona Ryan
- University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bronwyn O'Brien
- University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sheila Donnelly
- University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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8
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Guo M, Guo H, Zhu J, Wang F, Chen J, Wan C, Deng Y, Wang F, Xu L, Chen Y, Li R, Liu S, Zhang L, Wang Y, Zhou J, Li S. A novel subpopulation of monocytes with a strong interferon signature indicated by SIGLEC-1 is present in patients with in recent-onset type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2024; 67:623-640. [PMID: 38349399 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-024-06098-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Type 1 diabetes is a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease characterised by pancreatic beta cell destruction. In this study, we explored the pathogenic immune responses in initiation of type 1 diabetes and new immunological targets for type 1 diabetes prevention and treatment. METHODS We obtained peripheral blood samples from four individuals with newly diagnosed latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and from four healthy control participants. Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells to uncover transcriptomic profiles of early LADA. Validation was performed through flow cytometry in a cohort comprising 54 LADA, 17 adult-onset type 2 diabetes, and 26 healthy adults, matched using propensity score matching (PSM) based on age and sex. A similar PSM method matched 15 paediatric type 1 diabetes patients with 15 healthy children. Further flow cytometry analysis was performed in both peripheral blood and pancreatic tissues of non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. Additionally, cell adoptive transfer and clearance assays were performed in NOD mice to explore the role of this monocyte subset in islet inflammation and onset of type 1 diabetes. RESULTS The scRNA-seq data showed that upregulated genes in peripheral T cells and monocytes from early-onset LADA patients were primarily enriched in the IFN signalling pathway. A new cluster of classical monocytes (cluster 4) was identified, and the proportion of this cluster was significantly increased in individuals with LADA compared with healthy control individuals (11.93% vs 5.93%, p=0.017) and that exhibited a strong IFN signature marked by SIGLEC-1 (encoding sialoadhesin). These SIGLEC-1+ monocytes expressed high levels of genes encoding C-C chemokine receptors 1 or 2, as well as genes for chemoattractants for T cells and natural killer cells. They also showed relatively low levels of genes for co-stimulatory and HLA molecules. Flow cytometry analysis verified the elevated levels of SIGLEC-1+ monocytes in the peripheral blood of participants with LADA and paediatric type 1 diabetes compared with healthy control participants and those with type 2 diabetes. Interestingly, the proportion of SIGLEC-1+ monocytes positively correlated with disease activity and negatively with disease duration in the LADA patients. In NOD mice, the proportion of SIGLEC-1+ monocytes in the peripheral blood was highest at the age of 6 weeks (16.88%), while the peak occurred at 12 weeks in pancreatic tissues (23.65%). Adoptive transfer experiments revealed a significant acceleration in diabetes onset in the SIGLEC-1+ group compared with the SIGLEC-1- or saline control group. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our study identified a novel group of SIGLEC-1+ monocytes that may serve as an important indicator for early diagnosis, activity assessment and monitoring of therapeutic efficacy in type 1 diabetes, and may also be a novel target for preventing and treating type 1 diabetes. DATA AVAILABILITY RNA-seq data have been deposited in the GSA human database ( https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/gsa-human/ ) under accession number HRA003649.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Han Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jingjing Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jianni Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Chuan Wan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yujie Deng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Lili Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shikai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yangang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| | - Jing Zhou
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Shufa Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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9
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Maddaloni E, Amendolara R, Balena A, Latino A, Sessa RL, Buzzetti R. Immune checkpoint modulators in early clinical development for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2024; 33:303-318. [PMID: 38427915 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2024.2326036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the improvements of insulin therapy, people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) still suffer from a decreased quality of life and life expectancy. The search toward a cure for T1D is therefore still a scorching open field of research. AREAS COVERED Tackling the immune checkpoint signaling pathways has gained importance in the field of cancer immunotherapy. The same pathways can be targeted in autoimmunity with an opposite principle: to dampen the exaggerated immune response. In this review, we report a comprehensive excursus on the cellular and molecular mechanisms that lead to loss of immunological tolerance, and recent evidence on the role of immune checkpoint molecules in the development of T1D and their potential application for the mitigation of autoimmune diabetes. EXPERT OPINION Contrasting results about the efficacy of immune checkpoint modulators for T1D have been published, with very few molecules from preclinical studies eligible for use in humans. The heterogeneous and complex pathophysiology of T1D may explain the conflicting evidence. Designing clinical trials that acknowledge the pathophysiological and clinical complexity of T1D and that forecast the need of simultaneously tackling different disease pathways will be crucial to enhance the benefits which may be gained by such compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Maddaloni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rocco Amendolara
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Balena
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Latino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosario Luigi Sessa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Buzzetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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10
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Stock AJ, Gonzalez Paredes P, de Almeida LP, Kosanke SD, Chetlur S, Budde H, Wakenight P, Zwingman TA, Rosen AB, Allenspach EJ, Millen KJ, Buckner JH, Rawlings DJ, Gorman JA. The IFIH1-A946T risk variant promotes diabetes in a sex-dependent manner. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1349601. [PMID: 38487540 PMCID: PMC10937421 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1349601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease in which pancreatic islet β-cells are attacked by the immune system, resulting in insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia. One of the top non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) associated with T1D is in the interferon-induced helicase C domain-containing protein 1 (IFIH1), which encodes an anti-viral cytosolic RNA sensor. This SNP results in an alanine to threonine substitution at amino acid 946 (IFIH1A946T) and confers an increased risk for several autoimmune diseases, including T1D. We hypothesized that the IFIH1A946T risk variant, (IFIH1R) would promote T1D pathogenesis by stimulating type I interferon (IFN I) signaling leading to immune cell alterations. To test this, we developed Ifih1R knock-in mice on the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse background, a spontaneous T1D model. Our results revealed a modest increase in diabetes incidence and insulitis in Ifih1R compared to non-risk Ifih1 (Ifih1NR) mice and a significant acceleration of diabetes onset in Ifih1R females. Ifih1R mice exhibited a significantly enhanced interferon stimulated gene (ISG) signature compared to Ifih1NR, indicative of increased IFN I signaling. Ifih1R mice exhibited an increased frequency of plasma cells as well as tissue-dependent changes in the frequency and activation of CD8+ T cells. Our results indicate that IFIH1R may contribute to T1D pathogenesis by altering the frequency and activation of immune cells. These findings advance our knowledge on the connection between the rs1990760 variant and T1D. Further, these data are the first to demonstrate effects of Ifih1R in NOD mice, which will be important to consider for the development of therapeutics for T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J. Stock
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis & Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Pierina Gonzalez Paredes
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis & Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | | | - Stanley D. Kosanke
- Heartland Veterinary Pathology Services, PLLC, Edmond, OK, United States
| | - Srinivaas Chetlur
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis & Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Hannah Budde
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis & Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Paul Wakenight
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Theresa A. Zwingman
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Aaron B.I. Rosen
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Eric J. Allenspach
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kathleen J. Millen
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jane H. Buckner
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Center for Translational Immunology, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - David J. Rawlings
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jacquelyn A. Gorman
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis & Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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11
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Oftedal BE, Sjøgren T, Wolff ASB. Interferon autoantibodies as signals of a sick thymus. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1327784. [PMID: 38455040 PMCID: PMC10917889 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1327784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN-I) are key immune messenger molecules that play an important role in viral defense. They act as a bridge between microbe sensing, immune function magnitude, and adaptive immunity to fight infections, and they must therefore be tightly regulated. It has become increasingly evident that thymic irregularities and mutations in immune genes affecting thymic tolerance can lead to the production of IFN-I autoantibodies (autoAbs). Whether these biomarkers affect the immune system or tissue integrity of the host is still controversial, but new data show that IFN-I autoAbs may increase susceptibility to severe disease caused by certain viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, herpes zoster, and varicella pneumonia. In this article, we will elaborate on disorders that have been identified with IFN-I autoAbs, discuss models of how tolerance to IFN-Is is lost, and explain the consequences for the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bergithe E. Oftedal
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Thea Sjøgren
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anette S. B. Wolff
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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12
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Stock AJ, Gonzalez-Paredes P, Previato de Almeida L, Kosanke SD, Chetlur S, Budde H, Wakenight P, Zwingman TA, Rosen AB, Allenspach E, Millen KJ, Buckner JH, Rawlings DJ, Gorman JA. The IFIH1-A946T risk variant promotes diabetes in a sex-dependent manner. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.20.576482. [PMID: 38328221 PMCID: PMC10849491 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.20.576482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease in which pancreatic islet β-cells are attacked by the immune system, resulting in insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia. One of the top non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) associated with T1D is in the interferon-induced helicase C domain-containing protein 1 ( IFIH1 ), which encodes an anti-viral cytosolic RNA sensor. This SNP results in an alanine to threonine substitution at amino acid 946 (IFIH1 A946T ) and confers an increased risk for several autoimmune diseases, including T1D. We hypothesized that the IFIH1 A946T risk variant, ( IFIH1 R ) would promote T1D pathogenesis by stimulating type I interferon (IFN I) signaling leading to immune cell alterations. To test this, we developed Ifih1 R knock-in mice on the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse background, a spontaneous T1D model. Our results revealed a modest increase in diabetes incidence and insulitis in Ifih1 R compared to non-risk Ifih1 ( Ifih1 NR ) mice and a significant acceleration of diabetes onset in Ifih1 R females. Ifih1 R mice exhibited a significantly enhanced interferon stimulated gene (ISG) signature compared to Ifih1 NR , indicative of increased IFN I signaling. Ifih1 R mice exhibited an increased frequency of plasma cells as well as tissue-dependent changes in the frequency and activation of CD8 + T cells. Our results indicate that IFIH1 R may contribute to T1D pathogenesis by altering the frequency and activation of immune cells. These findings advance our knowledge on the connection between the rs1990760 variant and T1D. Further, these data are the first to demonstrate effects of Ifih1 R in NOD mice, which will be important to consider for the development of therapeutics for T1D.
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13
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Zhao JM, Su ZH, Han QY, Wang M, Liu X, Li J, Huang SY, Chen J, Li XW, Chen XY, Guo ZL, Jiang S, Pan J, Li T, Xue W, Zhou T. Deficiency of Trex1 leads to spontaneous development of type 1 diabetes. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2024; 21:2. [PMID: 38166933 PMCID: PMC10763031 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-023-00777-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes is believed to be an autoimmune condition, characterized by destruction of insulin-producing cells, due to the detrimental inflammation in pancreas. Growing evidences have indicated the important role of type I interferon in the development of type 1 diabetes. METHODS Trex1-deficient rats were generated by using CRISPR-Cas9. The fasting blood glucose level of rat was measured by a Roche Accuchek blood glucose monitor. The levels of insulin, islet autoantibodies, and interferon-β were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The inflammatory genes were detected by quantitative PCR and RNA-seq. Hematein-eosin staining was used to detect the pathological changes in pancreas, eye and kidney. The pathological features of kidney were also detected by Masson trichrome and periodic acid-Schiff staining. The distribution of islet cells, immune cells or ssDNA in pancreas was analyzed by immunofluorescent staining. RESULTS In this study, we established a Trex1-deletion Sprague Dawley rat model, and unexpectedly, we found that the Trex1-/- rats spontaneously develop type 1 diabetes. Similar to human diabetes, the hyperglycemia in rats is accompanied by diabetic complications such as diabetic nephropathy and cataract. Mechanistical investigation revealed the accumulation of ssDNA and the excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines, including IFN-β, in Trex1 null pancreas. These are likely contributing to the inflammation in pancreas and eventually leading to the decline of pancreatic β cells. CONCLUSIONS Our study links the DNA-induced chronic inflammation to the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes, and also provides an animal model for type 1 diabetes studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Man Zhao
- Nanhu Laboratory, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Su
- Nanhu Laboratory, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Qiu-Ying Han
- Nanhu Laboratory, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Nanhu Laboratory, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Nanhu Laboratory, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Jing Li
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Shao-Yi Huang
- Nanhu Laboratory, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Nanhu Laboratory, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Li
- Nanhu Laboratory, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xia-Ying Chen
- Nanhu Laboratory, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zeng-Lin Guo
- Nanhu Laboratory, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Nanhu Laboratory, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Jie Pan
- Nanhu Laboratory, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Tao Li
- Nanhu Laboratory, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wen Xue
- Nanhu Laboratory, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Tao Zhou
- Nanhu Laboratory, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China.
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, Zhejiang Province, China.
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14
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James EA, Joglekar AV, Linnemann AK, Russ HA, Kent SC. The beta cell-immune cell interface in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Mol Metab 2023; 78:101809. [PMID: 37734713 PMCID: PMC10622886 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND T1D is an autoimmune disease in which pancreatic islets of Langerhans are infiltrated by immune cells resulting in the specific destruction of insulin-producing islet beta cells. Our understanding of the factors leading to islet infiltration and the interplay of the immune cells with target beta cells is incomplete, especially in human disease. While murine models of T1D have provided crucial information for both beta cell and autoimmune cell function, the translation of successful therapies in the murine model to human disease has been a challenge. SCOPE OF REVIEW Here, we discuss current state of the art and consider knowledge gaps concerning the interface of the islet beta cell with immune infiltrates, with a focus on T cells. We discuss pancreatic and immune cell phenotypes and their impact on cell function in health and disease, which we deem important to investigate further to attain a more comprehensive understanding of human T1D disease etiology. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The last years have seen accelerated development of approaches that allow comprehensive study of human T1D. Critically, recent studies have contributed to our revised understanding that the pancreatic beta cell assumes an active role, rather than a passive position, during autoimmune disease progression. The T cell-beta cell interface is a critical axis that dictates beta cell fate and shapes autoimmune responses. This includes the state of the beta cell after processing internal and external cues (e.g., stress, inflammation, genetic risk) that that contributes to the breaking of tolerance by hyperexpression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I with presentation of native and neoepitopes and secretion of chemotactic factors to attract immune cells. We anticipate that emerging insights about the molecular and cellular aspects of disease initiation and progression processes will catalyze the development of novel and innovative intervention points to provide additional therapies to individuals affected by T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddie A James
- Center for Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alok V Joglekar
- Center for Systems Immunology and Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amelia K Linnemann
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Holger A Russ
- Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sally C Kent
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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15
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Lin J, Moradi E, Salenius K, Lehtipuro S, Häkkinen T, Laiho JE, Oikarinen S, Randelin S, Parikh HM, Krischer JP, Toppari J, Lernmark Å, Petrosino JF, Ajami NJ, She JX, Hagopian WA, Rewers MJ, Lloyd RE, Rautajoki KJ, Hyöty H, Nykter M. Distinct transcriptomic profiles in children prior to the appearance of type 1 diabetes-linked islet autoantibodies and following enterovirus infection. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7630. [PMID: 37993433 PMCID: PMC10665402 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42763-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the genetic basis and pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes have been studied extensively, how host responses to environmental factors might contribute to autoantibody development remains largely unknown. Here, we use longitudinal blood transcriptome sequencing data to characterize host responses in children within 12 months prior to the appearance of type 1 diabetes-linked islet autoantibodies, as well as matched control children. We report that children who present with insulin-specific autoantibodies first have distinct transcriptional profiles from those who develop GADA autoantibodies first. In particular, gene dosage-driven expression of GSTM1 is associated with GADA autoantibody positivity. Moreover, compared with controls, we observe increased monocyte and decreased B cell proportions 9-12 months prior to autoantibody positivity, especially in children who developed antibodies against insulin first. Lastly, we show that control children present transcriptional signatures consistent with robust immune responses to enterovirus infection, whereas children who later developed islet autoimmunity do not. These findings highlight distinct immune-related transcriptomic differences between case and control children prior to case progression to islet autoimmunity and uncover deficient antiviral response in children who later develop islet autoimmunity.
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Grants
- U01 DK063821 NIDDK NIH HHS
- UC4 DK063863 NIDDK NIH HHS
- UL1 TR002535 NCATS NIH HHS
- U01 DK128847 NIDDK NIH HHS
- U01 DK063790 NIDDK NIH HHS
- UL1 TR000064 NCATS NIH HHS
- HHSN267200700014C NLM NIH HHS
- U01 DK063836 NIDDK NIH HHS
- U01 DK063829 NIDDK NIH HHS
- U01 DK063865 NIDDK NIH HHS
- UC4 DK095300 NIDDK NIH HHS
- UC4 DK063861 NIDDK NIH HHS
- UC4 DK063829 NIDDK NIH HHS
- UC4 DK063821 NIDDK NIH HHS
- UC4 DK117483 NIDDK NIH HHS
- UC4 DK063836 NIDDK NIH HHS
- UC4 DK112243 NIDDK NIH HHS
- U01 DK124166 NIDDK NIH HHS
- U01 DK063861 NIDDK NIH HHS
- UC4 DK063865 NIDDK NIH HHS
- U01 DK063863 NIDDK NIH HHS
- UC4 DK106955 NIDDK NIH HHS
- UC4 DK100238 NIDDK NIH HHS
- Academy of Finland (Suomen Akatemia)
- Sigrid Juséliuksen Säätiö (Sigrid Jusélius Foundation)
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases)
- EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020)
- The TEDDY Study is funded by U01 DK63829, U01 DK63861, U01 DK63821, U01 DK63865, U01 DK63863, U01 DK63836, U01 DK63790, UC4 DK63829, UC4 DK63861, UC4 DK63821, UC4 DK63865, UC4 DK63863, UC4 DK63836, UC4 DK95300, UC4 DK100238, UC4 DK106955, UC4 DK112243, UC4 DK117483, U01 DK124166, U01 DK128847, and Contract No. HHSN267200700014C from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and JDRF. This work is supported in part by the NIH/NCATS Clinical and Translational Science Awards to the University of Florida (UL1 TR000064) and the University of Colorado (UL1 TR002535).
- Päivikki and Sakari Sohlberg's Foundation
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Lin
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere, Finland
- Biostatistics, Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Institute of Molecular Medicine, FIMM, University of Helsinki, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elaheh Moradi
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere, Finland
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70150, Finland
| | - Karoliina Salenius
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere, Finland
| | - Suvi Lehtipuro
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tomi Häkkinen
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jutta E Laiho
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sami Oikarinen
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sofia Randelin
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere, Finland
| | - Hemang M Parikh
- Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Krischer
- Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, and Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Åke Lernmark
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University CRC, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Joseph F Petrosino
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nadim J Ajami
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Platform for Innovative Microbiome & Translational Research (PRIME-TR), Moon Shots™ Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jin-Xiong She
- Jinfiniti Precision Medicine, Inc., Augusta, GA, USA
| | - William A Hagopian
- Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marian J Rewers
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Richard E Lloyd
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kirsi J Rautajoki
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Heikki Hyöty
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
- Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Matti Nykter
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere, Finland.
- Foundation for the Finnish Cancer Institute, Helsinki, Finland.
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16
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Rabadam G, Wibrand C, Flynn E, Hartoularos GC, Sun Y, Ye CJ, Kim S, Gartner Z, Sirota M, Neely J. Coordinated immune dysregulation in Juvenile Dermatomyositis revealed by single-cell genomics. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.07.566033. [PMID: 37986917 PMCID: PMC10659396 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.07.566033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile Dermatomyositis (JDM) is one of several childhood-onset autoimmune disorders characterized by a type I interferon response and autoantibodies. Treatment options are limited due to incomplete understanding of how the disease emerges from dysregulated cell states across the immune system. We therefore investigated the blood of JDM patients at different stages of disease activity using single-cell transcriptomics paired with surface protein expression. By immunophenotyping peripheral blood mononuclear cells, we observed skewing of the B cell compartment towards an immature naive state as a hallmark of JDM. Furthermore, we find that these changes in B cells are paralleled by signatures of Th2-mediated inflammation. Additionally, our work identified SIGLEC-1 expression in monocytes as a composite measure of heterogeneous type I interferon activity in disease. We applied network analysis to reveal that hyperactivation of the type I interferon response in all immune populations is coordinated with dysfunctional protein processing and regulation of cell death programming. This analysis separated the ubiquitously expressed type I interferon response into a central hub and revealed previously masked cell states. Together, these findings reveal the coordinated immune dysregulation underpinning JDM and provide novel insight into strategies for restoring balance in immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Rabadam
- UC Berkeley-UC San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Camilla Wibrand
- Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Emily Flynn
- CoLabs, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - George C. Hartoularos
- Graduate Program in Biological and Medical Informatics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yang Sun
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Chun Jimmie Ye
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Susan Kim
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Zev Gartner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Marina Sirota
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jessica Neely
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
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17
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Russell MA, Richardson SJ, Morgan NG. The role of the interferon/JAK-STAT axis in driving islet HLA-I hyperexpression in type 1 diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1270325. [PMID: 37867531 PMCID: PMC10588626 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1270325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The hyperexpression of human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) molecules on pancreatic beta-cells is widely accepted as a hallmark feature of type 1 diabetes pathogenesis. This response is important clinically since it may increase the visibility of beta-cells to autoreactive CD8+ T-cells, thereby accelerating disease progression. In this review, key factors which drive HLA-I hyperexpression will be explored, and their clinical significance examined. It is established that the presence of residual beta-cells is essential for HLA-I hyperexpression by islet cells at all stages of the disease. We suggest that the most likely drivers of this process are interferons released from beta-cells (type I or III interferon; possibly in response to viral infection) or those elaborated from influent, autoreactive immune cells (type II interferon). In both cases, Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK/STAT) pathways will be activated to induce the downstream expression of interferon stimulated genes. A variety of models have highlighted that HLA-I expression is enhanced in beta-cells in response to interferons, and that STAT1, STAT2 and interferon regulatory factor 9 (IRF9) play key roles in mediating these effects (depending on the species of interferon involved). Importantly, STAT1 expression is elevated in the beta-cells of donors with recent-onset type I diabetes, and this correlates with HLA-I hyperexpression on an islet-by-islet basis. These responses can be replicated in vitro, and we consider that chronically elevated STAT1 may have a role in maintaining HLA-I hyperexpression. However, other data have highlighted that STAT2-IRF9 may also be critical to this process. Thus, a better understanding of how these factors regulate HLA-I under chronically stimulated conditions needs to be gathered. Finally, JAK inhibitors can target interferon signaling pathways to diminish HLA-I expression in mouse models. It seems probable that these agents may also be effective in patients; diminishing HLA-I hyperexpression on islets, reducing the visibility of beta-cells to the immune system and ultimately slowing disease progression. The first clinical trials of selective JAK inhibitors are underway, and the outcomes should have important implications for type 1 diabetes clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Russell
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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18
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Dos Santos RS, Guzman-Llorens D, Perez-Serna AA, Nadal A, Marroqui L. Deucravacitinib, a tyrosine kinase 2 pseudokinase inhibitor, protects human EndoC-βH1 β-cells against proinflammatory insults. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1263926. [PMID: 37854597 PMCID: PMC10579912 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1263926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Type 1 diabetes is characterized by pancreatic islet inflammation and autoimmune-driven pancreatic β-cell destruction. Interferon-α (IFNα) is a key player in early human type 1 diabetes pathogenesis. IFNα activates the tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway, leading to inflammation, HLA class I overexpression, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and β-cell apoptosis (in synergy with IL-1β). As TYK2 inhibition has raised as a potential therapeutic target for the prevention or treatment of type 1 diabetes, we investigated whether the selective TYK2 inhibitor deucravacitinib could protect β-cells from the effects of IFNα and other proinflammatory cytokines (i.e., IFNγ and IL-1β). Methods All experiments were performed in the human EndoC-βH1 β-cell line. HLA class I expression, inflammation, and ER stress were evaluated by real-time PCR, immunoblotting, and/or immunofluorescence. Apoptosis was assessed by the DNA-binding dyes Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide or caspase 3/7 activity. The promoter activity was assessed by luciferase assay. Results Deucravacitinib prevented IFNα effects, such as STAT1 and STAT2 activation and MHC class I hyperexpression, in a dose-dependent manner without affecting β-cell survival and function. A comparison between deucravacitinib and two Janus kinase inhibitors, ruxolitinib and baricitinib, showed that deucravacitinib blocked IFNα- but not IFNγ-induced signaling pathway. Deucravacitinib protected β-cells from the effects of two different combinations of cytokines: IFNα + IL-1β and IFNγ + IL-1β. Moreover, this TYK2 inhibitor could partially reduce apoptosis and inflammation in cells pre-treated with IFNα + IL-1β or IFNγ + IL-1β. Discussion Our findings suggest that, by protecting β-cells against the deleterious effects of proinflammatory cytokines without affecting β-cell function and survival, deucravacitinib could be repurposed for the prevention or treatment of early type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinaldo S. Dos Santos
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Guzman-Llorens
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Atenea A. Perez-Serna
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Nadal
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Marroqui
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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19
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Varga KZ, Gyurina K, Radványi Á, Pál T, Sasi-Szabó L, Yu H, Felszeghy E, Szabó T, Röszer T. Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) Triggers Adipocyte Autophagy. Cells 2023; 12:2345. [PMID: 37830559 PMCID: PMC10572001 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immune signaling in adipocytes affects systemic metabolism. Cytosolic nucleic acid sensing has been recently shown to stimulate thermogenic adipocyte differentiation and protect from obesity; however, DNA efflux from adipocyte mitochondria is a potential proinflammatory signal that causes adipose tissue dysfunction and insulin resistance. Cytosolic DNA activates the stimulator of interferon response genes (STING), a key signal transducer which triggers type I interferon (IFN-I) expression; hence, STING activation is expected to induce IFN-I response and adipocyte dysfunction. However, we show herein that mouse adipocytes had a diminished IFN-I response to STING stimulation by 2'3'-cyclic-GMP-AMP (cGAMP). We also show that cGAMP triggered autophagy in murine and human adipocytes. In turn, STING inhibition reduced autophagosome number, compromised the mitochondrial network and caused inflammation and fat accumulation in adipocytes. STING hence stimulates a process that removes damaged mitochondria, thereby protecting adipocytes from an excessive IFN-I response to mitochondrial DNA efflux. In summary, STING appears to limit inflammation in adipocytes by promoting mitophagy under non-obesogenic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornél Z. Varga
- Pediatric Obesity Research Division, Institute of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Katalin Gyurina
- Pediatric Obesity Research Division, Institute of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ádám Radványi
- Pediatric Obesity Research Division, Institute of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tibor Pál
- Pediatric Obesity Research Division, Institute of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Sasi-Szabó
- Pediatric Obesity Research Division, Institute of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Haidong Yu
- Institute of Neurobiology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Enikő Felszeghy
- Pediatric Obesity Research Division, Institute of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Szabó
- Pediatric Obesity Research Division, Institute of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Röszer
- Pediatric Obesity Research Division, Institute of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Institute of Neurobiology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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20
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Carré A, Zhou Z, Perez-Hernandez J, Samassa F, Lekka C, Manganaro A, Oshima M, Liao H, Parker R, Nicastri A, Brandao B, Colli ML, Eizirik DL, Göransson M, Morales OB, Anderson A, Landry L, Kobaisi F, Scharfmann R, Marselli L, Marchetti P, You S, Nakayama M, Hadrup SR, Kent SC, Richardson SJ, Ternette N, Mallone R. Interferon-α promotes neo-antigen formation and preferential HLA-B-restricted antigen presentation in pancreatic β-cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.15.557918. [PMID: 37745505 PMCID: PMC10516036 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.15.557918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Interferon (IFN)-α is the earliest cytokine signature observed in individuals at risk for type 1 diabetes (T1D), but its effect on the repertoire of HLA Class I (HLA-I)-bound peptides presented by pancreatic β-cells is unknown. Using immunopeptidomics, we characterized the peptide/HLA-I presentation in in-vitro resting and IFN-α-exposed β-cells. IFN-α increased HLA-I expression and peptide presentation, including neo-sequences derived from alternative mRNA splicing, post-translational modifications - notably glutathionylation - and protein cis-splicing. This antigenic landscape relied on processing by both the constitutive and immune proteasome. The resting β-cell immunopeptidome was dominated by HLA-A-restricted ligands. However, IFN-α only marginally upregulated HLA-A and largely favored HLA-B, translating into a major increase in HLA-B-restricted peptides and into an increased activation of HLA-B-restricted vs. HLA-A-restricted CD8+ T-cells. A preferential HLA-B hyper-expression was also observed in the islets of T1D vs. non-diabetic donors, and we identified islet-infiltrating CD8+ T-cells from T1D donors reactive to HLA-B-restricted granule peptides. Thus, the inflammatory milieu of insulitis may skew the autoimmune response toward epitopes presented by HLA-B, hence recruiting a distinct T-cell repertoire that may be relevant to T1D pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Carré
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Zhicheng Zhou
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Javier Perez-Hernandez
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Valencian International University (VIU), Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Christiana Lekka
- Islet Biology Group, Exeter Centre of Excellence in Diabetes Research, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Anthony Manganaro
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Masaya Oshima
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Hanqing Liao
- Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Robert Parker
- Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Annalisa Nicastri
- Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Barbara Brandao
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Maikel L. Colli
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Decio L. Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marcus Göransson
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Amanda Anderson
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Laurie Landry
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Farah Kobaisi
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | | | - Lorella Marselli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sylvaine You
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Maki Nakayama
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sine R. Hadrup
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sally C. Kent
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Sarah J. Richardson
- Islet Biology Group, Exeter Centre of Excellence in Diabetes Research, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Nicola Ternette
- Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Roberto Mallone
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Diabétologie et Immunologie Clinique, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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21
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Lernmark Å, Akolkar B, Hagopian W, Krischer J, McIndoe R, Rewers M, Toppari J, Vehik K, Ziegler AG. Possible heterogeneity of initial pancreatic islet beta-cell autoimmunity heralding type 1 diabetes. J Intern Med 2023; 294:145-158. [PMID: 37143363 PMCID: PMC10524683 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of type 1 diabetes (T1D) foreshadows the pancreatic islet beta-cell autoimmune pathogenesis that heralds the clinical onset of T1D. Standardized and harmonized tests of autoantibodies against insulin (IAA), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), islet antigen-2 (IA-2A), and ZnT8 transporter (ZnT8A) allowed children to be followed from birth until the appearance of a first islet autoantibody. In the Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study, a multicenter (Finland, Germany, Sweden, and the United States) observational study, children were identified at birth for the T1D high-risk HLA haploid genotypes DQ2/DQ8, DQ2/DQ2, DQ8/DQ8, and DQ4/DQ8. The TEDDY study was preceded by smaller studies in Finland, Germany, Colorado, Washington, and Sweden. The aims were to follow children at increased genetic risk to identify environmental factors that trigger the first-appearing autoantibody (etiology) and progress to T1D (pathogenesis). The larger TEDDY study found that the incidence rate of the first-appearing autoantibody was split into two patterns. IAA first peaked already during the first year of life and tapered off by 3-4 years of age. GADA first appeared by 2-3 years of age to reach a plateau by about 4 years. Prior to the first-appearing autoantibody, genetic variants were either common or unique to either pattern. A split was also observed in whole blood transcriptomics, metabolomics, dietary factors, and exposures such as gestational life events and early infections associated with prolonged shedding of virus. An innate immune reaction prior to the adaptive response cannot be excluded. Clarifying the mechanisms by which autoimmunity is triggered to either insulin or GAD65 is key to uncovering the etiology of autoimmune T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åke Lernmark
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University CRC, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Beena Akolkar
- National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD USA
| | | | - Jeffrey Krischer
- Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL USA
| | - Richard McIndoe
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Marian Rewers
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado USA
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, and Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrated Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kendra Vehik
- Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL USA
| | - Anette-G. Ziegler
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, and Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, and Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V., Neuherberg, Germany
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22
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Camaya I, O’Brien B, Donnelly S. How do parasitic worms prevent diabetes? An exploration of their influence on macrophage and β-cell crosstalk. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1205219. [PMID: 37564976 PMCID: PMC10411736 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1205219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is the fastest growing chronic disease globally, with prevalence increasing at a faster rate than heart disease and cancer. While the disease presents clinically as chronic hyperglycaemia, two distinct subtypes have been recognised. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterised as an autoimmune disease in which the insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells are destroyed, and type 2 diabetes (T2D) arises due to metabolic insufficiency, in which inadequate amounts of insulin are produced, and/or the actions of insulin are diminished. It is now apparent that pro-inflammatory responses cause a loss of functional β-cell mass, and this is the common underlying mechanism of both T1D and T2D. Macrophages are the central immune cells in the pathogenesis of both diseases and play a major role in the initiation and perpetuation of the proinflammatory responses that compromise β-cell function. Furthermore, it is the crosstalk between macrophages and β-cells that orchestrates the inflammatory response and ensuing β-cell dysfunction/destruction. Conversely, this crosstalk can induce immune tolerance and preservation of β-cell mass and function. Thus, specifically targeting the intercellular communication between macrophages and β-cells offers a unique strategy to prevent/halt the islet inflammatory events underpinning T1D and T2D. Due to their potent ability to regulate mammalian immune responses, parasitic worms (helminths), and their excretory/secretory products, have been examined for their potential as therapeutic agents for both T1D and T2D. This research has yielded positive results in disease prevention, both clinically and in animal models. However, the focus of research has been on the modulation of immune cells and their effectors. This approach has ignored the direct effects of helminths and their products on β-cells, and the modulation of signal exchange between macrophages and β-cells. This review explores how the alterations to macrophages induced by helminths, and their products, influence the crosstalk with β-cells to promote their function and survival. In addition, the evidence that parasite-derived products interact directly with endocrine cells to influence their communication with macrophages to prevent β-cell death and enhance function is discussed. This new paradigm of two-way metabolic conversations between endocrine cells and macrophages opens new avenues for the treatment of immune-mediated metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sheila Donnelly
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
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23
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Eizirik DL, Szymczak F, Mallone R. Why does the immune system destroy pancreatic β-cells but not α-cells in type 1 diabetes? Nat Rev Endocrinol 2023; 19:425-434. [PMID: 37072614 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00826-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
A perplexing feature of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is that the immune system destroys pancreatic β-cells but not neighbouring α-cells, even though both β-cells and α-cells are dysfunctional. Dysfunction, however, progresses to death only for β-cells. Recent findings indicate important differences between these two cell types. First, expression of BCL2L1, a key antiapoptotic gene, is higher in α-cells than in β-cells. Second, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related genes are differentially expressed, with higher expression levels of pro-apoptotic CHOP in β-cells than in α-cells and higher expression levels of HSPA5 (which encodes the protective chaperone BiP) in α-cells than in β-cells. Third, expression of viral recognition and innate immune response genes is higher in α-cells than in β-cells, contributing to the enhanced resistance of α-cells to coxsackievirus infection. Fourth, expression of the immune-inhibitory HLA-E molecule is higher in α-cells than in β-cells. Of note, α-cells are less immunogenic than β-cells, and the CD8+ T cells invading the islets in T1D are reactive to pre-proinsulin but not to glucagon. We suggest that this finding is a result of the enhanced capacity of the α-cell to endure viral infections and ER stress, which enables them to better survive early stressors that can cause cell death and consequently amplify antigen presentation to the immune system. Moreover, the processing of the pre-proglucagon precursor in enteroendocrine cells might favour immune tolerance towards this potential self-antigen compared to pre-proinsulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Decio L Eizirik
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Center for Diabetes Research and Welbio, Medical Faculty, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Florian Szymczak
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Center for Diabetes Research and Welbio, Medical Faculty, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Roberto Mallone
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Diabétologie et Immunologie Clinique, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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24
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Quattrin T, Mastrandrea LD, Walker LSK. Type 1 diabetes. Lancet 2023; 401:2149-2162. [PMID: 37030316 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)00223-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is a chronic disease caused by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β cells. Individuals with type 1 diabetes are reliant on insulin for survival. Despite enhanced knowledge related to the pathophysiology of the disease, including interactions between genetic, immune, and environmental contributions, and major strides in treatment and management, disease burden remains high. Studies aimed at blocking the immune attack on β cells in people at risk or individuals with very early onset type 1 diabetes show promise in preserving endogenous insulin production. This Seminar will review the field of type 1 diabetes, highlighting recent progress within the past 5 years, challenges to clinical care, and future directions in research, including strategies to prevent, manage, and cure the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Quattrin
- Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Diabetes Center, John R Oishei Children's Hospital, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | - Lucy D Mastrandrea
- Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Diabetes Center, John R Oishei Children's Hospital, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Lucy S K Walker
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
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25
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Ziegler AG. The countdown to type 1 diabetes: when, how and why does the clock start? Diabetologia 2023:10.1007/s00125-023-05927-2. [PMID: 37231274 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05927-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
'The clock to type 1 diabetes has started when islet antibodies are first detected', commented George Eisenbarth with regard to the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. This review focuses on 'starting the clock', i.e. the initiation of pre-symptomatic islet autoimmunity/the first appearance of islet autoantibodies. In particular, this review addresses why susceptibility to developing islet autoimmunity is greatest in the first 2 years of life and why beta cells are a frequent target of the immune system during this fertile period. A concept for the development of beta cell autoimmunity in childhood is discussed and three factors are highlighted that contribute to this early predisposition: (1) high beta cell activity and potential vulnerability to stress; (2) high rates of and first exposures to infection; and (3) a heightened immune response, with a propensity for T helper type 1 (Th1) immunity. Arguments are presented that beta cell injury, accompanied by activation of an inflammatory immune response, precedes the initiation of autoimmunity. Finally, the implications for strategies aimed at primary prevention for a world without type 1 diabetes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette-Gabriele Ziegler
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Munich, German Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany.
- Forschergruppe Diabetes, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V. at Helmholtz Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany.
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26
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Suomi T, Starskaia I, Kalim UU, Rasool O, Jaakkola MK, Grönroos T, Välikangas T, Brorsson C, Mazzoni G, Bruggraber S, Overbergh L, Dunger D, Peakman M, Chmura P, Brunak S, Schulte AM, Mathieu C, Knip M, Lahesmaa R, Elo LL. Gene expression signature predicts rate of type 1 diabetes progression. EBioMedicine 2023; 92:104625. [PMID: 37224769 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes is a complex heterogenous autoimmune disease without therapeutic interventions available to prevent or reverse the disease. This study aimed to identify transcriptional changes associated with the disease progression in patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes. METHODS Whole-blood samples were collected as part of the INNODIA study at baseline and 12 months after diagnosis of type 1 diabetes. We used linear mixed-effects modelling on RNA-seq data to identify genes associated with age, sex, or disease progression. Cell-type proportions were estimated from the RNA-seq data using computational deconvolution. Associations to clinical variables were estimated using Pearson's or point-biserial correlation for continuous and dichotomous variables, respectively, using only complete pairs of observations. FINDINGS We found that genes and pathways related to innate immunity were downregulated during the first year after diagnosis. Significant associations of the gene expression changes were found with ZnT8A autoantibody positivity. Rate of change in the expression of 16 genes between baseline and 12 months was found to predict the decline in C-peptide at 24 months. Interestingly and consistent with earlier reports, increased B cell levels and decreased neutrophil levels were associated with the rapid progression. INTERPRETATION There is considerable individual variation in the rate of progression from appearance of type 1 diabetes-specific autoantibodies to clinical disease. Patient stratification and prediction of disease progression can help in developing more personalised therapeutic strategies for different disease endotypes. FUNDING A full list of funding bodies can be found under Acknowledgments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomi Suomi
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520, Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Inna Starskaia
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520, Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ubaid Ullah Kalim
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520, Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Omid Rasool
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520, Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Maria K Jaakkola
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520, Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Toni Grönroos
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520, Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tommi Välikangas
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520, Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Caroline Brorsson
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gianluca Mazzoni
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Lut Overbergh
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven/Universitaire Ziekenhuizen, Leuven, Belgium
| | - David Dunger
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, UK
| | - Mark Peakman
- Immunology & Inflammation Research Therapeutic Area, Sanofi, MA, USA
| | - Piotr Chmura
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Brunak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Chantal Mathieu
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven/Universitaire Ziekenhuizen, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mikael Knip
- Paediatric Research Centre, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Tampere Centre for Child Health Research, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Riitta Lahesmaa
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520, Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Laura L Elo
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520, Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
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27
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Mancuso G, Bechi Genzano C, Fierabracci A, Fousteri G. Type 1 diabetes and inborn errors of immunity: Complete strangers or 2 sides of the same coin? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023:S0091-6749(23)00427-X. [PMID: 37097271 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a polygenic disease and does not follow a mendelian pattern. Inborn errors of immunity (IEIs), on the other hand, are caused by damaging germline variants, suggesting that T1D and IEIs have nothing in common. Some IEIs, resulting from mutations in genes regulating regulatory T-cell homeostasis, are associated with elevated incidence of T1D. The genetic spectrum of IEIs is gradually being unraveled; consequently, molecular pathways underlying human monogenic autoimmunity are being identified. There is an appreciable overlap between some of these pathways and the genetic variants that determine T1D susceptibility, suggesting that after all, IEI and T1D are 2 sides of the same coin. The study of monogenic IEIs with a variable incidence of T1D has the potential to provide crucial insights into the mechanisms leading to T1D. These insights contribute to the definition of T1D endotypes and explain disease heterogeneity. In this review, we discuss the interconnected pathogenic pathways of autoimmunity, β-cell function, and primary immunodeficiency. We also examine the role of environmental factors in disease penetrance as well as the circumstantial evidence of IEI drugs in preventing and curing T1D in individuals with IEIs, suggesting the repositioning of these drugs also for T1D therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Mancuso
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Camillo Bechi Genzano
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Georgia Fousteri
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
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28
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Chen ZZ, Gao Y, Keyes MJ, Deng S, Mi M, Farrell LA, Shen D, Tahir UA, Cruz DE, Ngo D, Benson MD, Robbins JM, Correa A, Wilson JG, Gerszten RE. Protein Markers of Diabetes Discovered in an African American Cohort. Diabetes 2023; 72:532-543. [PMID: 36630488 PMCID: PMC10033249 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Proteomics has been used to study type 2 diabetes, but the majority of available data are from White participants. Here, we extend prior work by analyzing a large cohort of self-identified African Americans in the Jackson Heart Study (n = 1,313). We found 325 proteins associated with incident diabetes after adjusting for age, sex, and sample batch (false discovery rate q < 0.05) measured using a single-stranded DNA aptamer affinity-based method on fasting plasma samples. A subset was independent of established markers of diabetes development pathways, such as adiposity, glycemia, and/or insulin resistance, suggesting potential novel biological processes associated with disease development. Thirty-six associations remained significant after additional adjustments for BMI, fasting plasma glucose, cholesterol levels, hypertension, statin use, and renal function. Twelve associations, including the top associations of complement factor H, formimidoyltransferase cyclodeaminase, serine/threonine-protein kinase 17B, and high-mobility group protein B1, were replicated in a meta-analysis of two self-identified White cohorts-the Framingham Heart Study and the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study-supporting the generalizability of these biomarkers. A selection of these diabetes-associated proteins also improved risk prediction. Thus, we uncovered both novel and broadly generalizable associations by studying a diverse population, providing a more complete understanding of the diabetes-associated proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsu-Zsu Chen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Yan Gao
- Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Michelle J. Keyes
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Shuliang Deng
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Michael Mi
- Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Laurie A. Farrell
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Dongxiao Shen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Usman A. Tahir
- Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Daniel E. Cruz
- Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Debby Ngo
- Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Mark D. Benson
- Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Jeremy M. Robbins
- Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - James G. Wilson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Robert E. Gerszten
- Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA
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29
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Prenzler S, Rudrawar S, Waespy M, Kelm S, Anoopkumar-Dukie S, Haselhorst T. The role of sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like-lectin-1 (siglec-1) in immunology and infectious disease. Int Rev Immunol 2023; 42:113-138. [PMID: 34494938 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2021.1931171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Siglec-1, also known as Sialoadhesin (Sn) and CD169 is highly conserved among vertebrates and with 17 immunoglobulin-like domains is Siglec-1 the largest member of the Siglec family. Expression of Siglec-1 is found primarily on dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages and interferon induced monocyte. The structure of Siglec-1 is unique among siglecs and its function as a receptor is also different compared to other receptors in this class as it contains the most extracellular domains out of all the siglecs. However, the ability of Siglec-1 to internalize antigens and to pass them on to lymphocytes by allowing dendritic cells and macrophages to act as antigen presenting cells, is the main reason that has granted Siglec-1's key role in multiple human disease states including atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, autoimmune diseases, cell-cell signaling, immunology, and more importantly bacterial and viral infections. Enveloped viruses for example have been shown to manipulate Siglec-1 to increase their virulence by binding to sialic acids present on the virus glycoproteins allowing them to spread or evade immune response. Siglec-1 mediates dissemination of HIV-1 in activated tissues enhancing viral spread via infection of DC/T-cell synapses. Overall, the ability of Siglec-1 to bind a variety of target cells within the immune system such as erythrocytes, B-cells, CD8+ granulocytes and NK cells, highlights that Siglec-1 is a unique player in these essential processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Prenzler
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Santosh Rudrawar
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mario Waespy
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Department of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Sørge Kelm
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Department of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Shailendra Anoopkumar-Dukie
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Thomas Haselhorst
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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30
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Derr AG, Arowosegbe A, Satish B, Redick SD, Qaisar N, Guo Z, Vanderleeden E, Trombly MI, Baer CE, Harlan DM, Greiner DL, Garber M, Wang JP. An Early Islet Transcriptional Signature Is Associated With Local Inflammation in Autoimmune Diabetes. Diabetes 2023; 72:261-274. [PMID: 36346618 PMCID: PMC9871196 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Identifying the early islet cellular processes of autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D) in humans is challenging given the absence of symptoms during this period and the inaccessibility of the pancreas for sampling. In this article, we study temporal events in pancreatic islets in LEW.1WR1 rats, in which autoimmune diabetes can be induced with virus infection, by performing transcriptional analysis of islets harvested during the prediabetic period. Single-cell RNA-sequencing and differential expression analyses of islets from prediabetic rats reveal subsets of β- and α-cells under stress as evidenced by heightened expression, over time, of a transcriptional signature characterized by interferon-stimulated genes, chemokines including Cxcl10, major histocompatibility class I, and genes for the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Mononuclear phagocytes show increased expression of inflammatory markers. RNA-in situ hybridization of rat pancreatic tissue defines the spatial distribution of Cxcl10+ β- and α-cells and their association with CD8+ T cell infiltration, a hallmark of insulitis and islet destruction. Our studies define early islet transcriptional events during immune cell recruitment to islets and reveal spatial associations between stressed β- and α-cells and immune cells. Insights into such early processes can assist in the development of therapeutic and prevention strategies for T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan G. Derr
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Adediwura Arowosegbe
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Basanthi Satish
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Sambra D. Redick
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Natasha Qaisar
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Zhiru Guo
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Emma Vanderleeden
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Melanie I. Trombly
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Christina E. Baer
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - David M. Harlan
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Dale L. Greiner
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Manuel Garber
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Jennifer P. Wang
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
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31
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Blum SI, Taylor JP, Barra JM, Burg AR, Shang Q, Qiu S, Shechter O, Hayes AR, Green TJ, Geurts AM, Chen YG, Tse HM. MDA5-dependent responses contribute to autoimmune diabetes progression and hindrance. JCI Insight 2023; 8:157929. [PMID: 36512407 PMCID: PMC9977297 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.157929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease resulting in pancreatic β cell destruction. Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection and melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5-dependent (MDA5-dependent) antiviral responses are linked with T1D development. Mutations within IFIH1, coding for MDA5, are correlated with T1D susceptibility, but how these mutations contribute to T1D remains unclear. Utilizing nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice lacking Ifih1 expression (KO) or containing an in-frame deletion within the ATPase site of the helicase 1 domain of MDA5 (ΔHel1), we tested the hypothesis that partial or complete loss-of-function mutations in MDA5 would delay T1D by impairing proinflammatory pancreatic macrophage and T cell responses. Spontaneous T1D developed in female NOD and KO mice similarly, but was significantly delayed in ΔHel1 mice, which may be partly due to a concomitant increase in myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Interestingly, KO male mice had increased spontaneous T1D compared with NOD mice. Whereas NOD and KO mice developed CVB3-accelerated T1D, ΔHel1 mice were protected partly due to decreased type I IFNs, pancreatic infiltrating TNF+ macrophages, IFN-γ+CD4+ T cells, and perforin+CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, ΔHel1 MDA5 protein had reduced ATP hydrolysis compared with wild-type MDA5. Our results suggest that dampened MDA5 function delays T1D, yet loss of MDA5 promotes T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel I. Blum
- Department of Microbiology, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jared P. Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jessie M. Barra
- Department of Microbiology, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ashley R. Burg
- Department of Microbiology, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Qiao Shang
- Department of Microbiology, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Shihong Qiu
- Department of Microbiology, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Oren Shechter
- Department of Microbiology, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Aleah R. Hayes
- Department of Microbiology, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Todd J. Green
- Department of Microbiology, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Yi-Guang Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Hubert M. Tse
- Department of Microbiology, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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32
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Brenu EW, Harris M, Hamilton-Williams EE. Circulating biomarkers during progression to type 1 diabetes: A systematic review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1117076. [PMID: 36817583 PMCID: PMC9935596 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1117076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Progression to type 1 diabetes (T1D) is defined in stages and clinical disease is preceded by a period of silent autoimmunity. Improved prediction of the risk and rate of progression to T1D is needed to reduce the prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis at presentation as well as for staging participants for clinical trials. This systematic review evaluates novel circulating biomarkers associated with future progression to T1D. METHODS PubMed, Ovid, and EBSCO databases were used to identify a comprehensive list of articles. The eligibility criteria included observational studies that evaluated the usefulness of circulating markers in predicting T1D progression in at-risk subjects <20 years old. RESULTS Twenty-six studies were identified, seventeen were cohort studies and ten were case control studies. From the 26 studies, 5 found evidence for protein and lipid dysregulation, 11 identified molecular markers while 12 reported on changes in immune parameters during progression to T1D. An increased risk of T1D progression was associated with the presence of altered gene expression, immune markers including regulatory T cell dysfunction and higher short-lived effector CD8+ T cells in progressors. DISCUSSION Several circulating biomarkers are dysregulated before T1D diagnosis and may be useful in predicting either the risk or rate of progression to T1D. Further studies are required to validate these biomarkers and assess their predictive accuracy before translation into broader use. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, identifier (CRD42020166830).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekua W. Brenu
- School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark Harris
- Endocrinology Department, Queensland Children’s Hospital, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Emma E. Hamilton-Williams
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- *Correspondence: Emma E. Hamilton-Williams,
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33
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Hoang AC, Sasi-Szabó L, Pál T, Szabó T, Diedrich V, Herwig A, Landgraf K, Körner A, Röszer T. Mitochondrial RNA stimulates beige adipocyte development in young mice. Nat Metab 2022; 4:1684-1696. [PMID: 36443525 PMCID: PMC9771821 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00683-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a serious public health crisis and a critical factor that determines future obesity prevalence. Signals affecting adipocyte development in early postnatal life have a strong potential to trigger childhood obesity; however, these signals are still poorly understood. We show here that mitochondrial (mt)RNA efflux stimulates transcription of nuclear-encoded genes for mitobiogenesis and thermogenesis in adipocytes of young mice and human infants. While cytosolic mtRNA is a potential trigger of the interferon (IFN) response, young adipocytes lack such a response to cytosolic mtRNA due to the suppression of IFN regulatory factor (IRF)7 expression by vitamin D receptor signalling. Adult and obese adipocytes, however, strongly express IRF7 and mount an IFN response to cytosolic mtRNA. In turn, suppressing IRF7 expression in adult adipocytes restores mtRNA-induced mitobiogenesis and thermogenesis and eventually mitigates obesity. Retrograde mitochondrion-to-nucleus signalling by mtRNA is thus a mechanism to evoke thermogenic potential during early adipocyte development and to protect against obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - László Sasi-Szabó
- Institute of Pediatrics, Clinical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tibor Pál
- Institute of Pediatrics, Clinical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Szabó
- Institute of Pediatrics, Clinical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Annika Herwig
- Institute of Neurobiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kathrin Landgraf
- Center for Pediatric Research, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Körner
- Center for Pediatric Research, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Center München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tamás Röszer
- Institute of Neurobiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
- Institute of Pediatrics, Clinical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
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34
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Warncke K, Weiss A, Achenbach P, von dem Berge T, Berner R, Casteels K, Groele L, Hatzikotoulas K, Hommel A, Kordonouri O, Elding Larsson H, Lundgren M, Marcus BA, Snape MD, Szypowska A, Todd JA, Bonifacio E, Ziegler AG. Elevations in blood glucose before and after the appearance of islet autoantibodies in children. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e162123. [PMID: 36250461 PMCID: PMC9566912 DOI: 10.1172/jci162123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of type 1 diabetes has polygenic and environmental determinants that lead to autoimmune responses against pancreatic β cells and promote β cell death. The autoimmunity is considered silent without metabolic consequences until late preclinical stages,and it remains unknown how early in the disease process the pancreatic β cell is compromised. To address this, we investigated preprandial nonfasting and postprandial blood glucose concentrations and islet autoantibody development in 1,050 children with high genetic risk of type 1 diabetes. Pre- and postprandial blood glucose decreased between 4 and 18 months of age and gradually increased until the final measurements at 3.6 years of age. Determinants of blood glucose trajectories in the first year of life included sex, body mass index, glucose-related genetic risk scores, and the type 1 diabetes-susceptible INS gene. Children who developed islet autoantibodies had early elevations in blood glucose concentrations. A sharp and sustained rise in postprandial blood glucose was observed at around 2 months prior to autoantibody seroconversion, with further increases in postprandial and, subsequently, preprandial values after seroconversion. These findings show heterogeneity in blood glucose control in infancy and early childhood and suggest that islet autoimmunity is concurrent or subsequent to insults on the pancreatic islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Warncke
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Munich, German Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Weiss
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Munich, German Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Achenbach
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Munich, German Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
- Forschergruppe Diabetes, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V. at Helmholtz Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Reinhard Berner
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kristina Casteels
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lidia Groele
- Department of Paediatrics, The Children’s Clinical Hospital Józef Polikarp Brudziński, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Konstantinos Hatzikotoulas
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Angela Hommel
- Technische Universität Dresden, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Munich at University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Olga Kordonouri
- Kinder- und Jugendkrankenhaus auf der Bult, Hannover, Germany
| | - Helena Elding Larsson
- Unit for Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Paediatrics, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Markus Lundgren
- Unit for Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Pediatrics, Kristianstad Hospital, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - Benjamin A. Marcus
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Munich, German Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
- Forschergruppe Diabetes, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthew D. Snape
- Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford Department of Paediatrics, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - John A. Todd
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ezio Bonifacio
- Technische Universität Dresden, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Munich at University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Anette-G. Ziegler
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Munich, German Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
- Forschergruppe Diabetes, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V. at Helmholtz Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
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Corkey BE, Kilpatrick LE, Evans-Molina C. Hypothesis: Induction of Autoimmunity in Type 1 Diabetes-A Lipid Focus. Diabetes 2022; 71:2067-2074. [PMID: 36126206 PMCID: PMC10477405 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Several unrelated findings led us to hypothesize that induction of autoimmunity is a consequence of a prior major inflammatory event in individuals with susceptible HLA phenotypes and elevated sensitivity to cytokines and free fatty acids (FFA). We observed provocative enhanced responsiveness of cultured human fibroblasts from individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D), but not control subjects, to FFA and the inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL1-β. Major infections increase inflammatory cytokines as well as circulating FFA. Endotoxin-treated animal models of sepsis also exhibit elevated inflammatory cytokines that inhibit FFA oxidation and elevate FFA. The pancreatic β-cell possesses low reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity and responds to both elevated FFA and cytokines with increased ROS production, a combination that increases exocytosis and trafficking of secretory vesicles to the plasma membrane. Increased trafficking is accompanied by increased cycling of secretory granule proteins and may be linked with increased surface presentation of granule proteins to the immune system. We propose that this ultimately targets β-cell granular proteins at the cell surface and is consistent with the preponderance of autoantibodies to granule proteins. Our hypothesis encourages testing of potential early therapeutic interventions to prevent progression of β-cell destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara E. Corkey
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Laurie E. Kilpatrick
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Inflammation, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN
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36
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Carry PM, Waugh K, Vanderlinden LA, Johnson RK, Buckner T, Rewers M, Steck AK, Yang I, Fingerlin TE, Kechris K, Norris JM. Changes in the Coexpression of Innate Immunity Genes During Persistent Islet Autoimmunity Are Associated With Progression of Islet Autoimmunity: Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY). Diabetes 2022; 71:2048-2057. [PMID: 35724268 PMCID: PMC9450568 DOI: 10.2337/db21-1111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Longitudinal changes in gene expression during islet autoimmunity (IA) may provide insight into biological processes that explain progression to type 1 diabetes (T1D). We identified individuals from Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY) who developed IA, autoantibodies present on two or more visits. Illumina's NovaSeq 6000 was used to quantify gene expression in whole blood. With linear mixed models we tested for changes in expression after IA that differed across individuals who progressed to T1D (progressors) (n = 25), reverted to an autoantibody-negative stage (reverters) (n = 47), or maintained IA positivity but did not develop T1D (maintainers) (n = 66). Weighted gene coexpression network analysis was used to identify coexpression modules. Gene Ontology pathway analysis of the top 150 differentially expressed genes (nominal P < 0.01) identified significantly enriched pathways including leukocyte activation involved in immune response, innate immune response, and regulation of immune response. We identified a module of 14 coexpressed genes with roles in the innate immunity. The hub gene, LTF, is known to have immunomodulatory properties. Another gene within the module, CAMP, is potentially relevant based on its role in promoting β-cell survival in a murine model. Overall, results provide evidence of alterations in expression of innate immune genes prior to onset of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M. Carry
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO
| | - Kathleen Waugh
- Barbara Davis Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | | | - Randi K. Johnson
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Teresa Buckner
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO
| | - Marian Rewers
- Barbara Davis Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Andrea K. Steck
- Barbara Davis Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Ivana Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Tasha E. Fingerlin
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO
| | | | - Jill M. Norris
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO
- Barbara Davis Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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37
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Nekoua MP, Alidjinou EK, Hober D. Persistent coxsackievirus B infection and pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022; 18:503-516. [PMID: 35650334 PMCID: PMC9157043 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-022-00688-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Enteroviruses are believed to trigger or accelerate islet autoimmunity in genetically susceptible individuals, thereby resulting in loss of functional insulin-producing β-cells and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Although enteroviruses are primarily involved in acute and lytic infections in vitro and in vivo, they can also establish a persistent infection. Prospective epidemiological studies have strongly associated the persistence of enteroviruses, especially coxsackievirus B (CVB), with the appearance of islet autoantibodies and an increased risk of T1DM. CVB can persist in pancreatic ductal and β-cells, which leads to structural or functional alterations of these cells, and to a chronic inflammatory response that promotes recruitment and activation of pre-existing autoreactive T cells and β-cell autoimmune destruction. CVB persistence in other sites, such as the intestine, blood cells and thymus, has been described; these sites could serve as a reservoir for infection or reinfection of the pancreas, and this persistence could have a role in the disturbance of tolerance to β-cells. This Review addresses the involvement of persistent enterovirus infection in triggering islet autoimmunity and T1DM, as well as current strategies to control enterovirus infections for preventing or reducing the risk of T1DM onset.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Didier Hober
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, Lille, France.
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Starskaia I, Laajala E, Grönroos T, Härkönen T, Junttila S, Kattelus R, Kallionpää H, Laiho A, Suni V, Tillmann V, Lund R, Elo LL, Lähdesmäki H, Knip M, Kalim UU, Lahesmaa R. Early DNA methylation changes in children developing beta cell autoimmunity at a young age. Diabetologia 2022; 65:844-860. [PMID: 35142878 PMCID: PMC8960578 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-022-05657-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Type 1 diabetes is a chronic autoimmune disease of complex aetiology, including a potential role for epigenetic regulation. Previous epigenomic studies focused mainly on clinically diagnosed individuals. The aim of the study was to assess early DNA methylation changes associated with type 1 diabetes already before the diagnosis or even before the appearance of autoantibodies. METHODS Reduced representation bisulphite sequencing (RRBS) was applied to study DNA methylation in purified CD4+ T cell, CD8+ T cell and CD4-CD8- cell fractions of 226 peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples longitudinally collected from seven type 1 diabetes-specific autoantibody-positive individuals and control individuals matched for age, sex, HLA risk and place of birth. We also explored correlations between DNA methylation and gene expression using RNA sequencing data from the same samples. Technical validation of RRBS results was performed using pyrosequencing. RESULTS We identified 79, 56 and 45 differentially methylated regions in CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and CD4-CD8- cell fractions, respectively, between type 1 diabetes-specific autoantibody-positive individuals and control participants. The analysis of pre-seroconversion samples identified DNA methylation signatures at the very early stage of disease, including differential methylation at the promoter of IRF5 in CD4+ T cells. Further, we validated RRBS results using pyrosequencing at the following CpG sites: chr19:18118304 in the promoter of ARRDC2; chr21:47307815 in the intron of PCBP3; and chr14:81128398 in the intergenic region near TRAF3 in CD4+ T cells. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These preliminary results provide novel insights into cell type-specific differential epigenetic regulation of genes, which may contribute to type 1 diabetes pathogenesis at the very early stage of disease development. Should these findings be validated, they may serve as a potential signature useful for disease prediction and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Starskaia
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Essi Laajala
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Toni Grönroos
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Taina Härkönen
- Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sini Junttila
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Roosa Kattelus
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Henna Kallionpää
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Asta Laiho
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Veronika Suni
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Vallo Tillmann
- Children's Clinic of Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Riikka Lund
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura L Elo
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Harri Lähdesmäki
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Mikael Knip
- Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Tampere Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ubaid Ullah Kalim
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Riitta Lahesmaa
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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39
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Li X, Liao M, Guan J, Zhou L, Shen R, Long M, Shao J. Identification of Key Genes and Pathways in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus by Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis. Diabetes Metab J 2022; 46:451-463. [PMID: 35381625 PMCID: PMC9171163 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2021.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The onset and progression of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is closely related to autoimmunity. Effective monitoring of the immune system and developing targeted therapies are frontier fields in T1DM treatment. Currently, the most available tissue that reflects the immune system is peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Thus, the aim of this study was to identify key PBMC biomarkers of T1DM. METHODS Common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets GSE9006, GSE72377, and GSE55098, and PBMC mRNA expression in T1DM patients was compared with that in healthy participants by GEO2R. Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses of DEGs were performed using the Cytoscape, DAVID, and STRING databases. The vital hub genes were validated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using clinical samples. The disease-gene-drug interaction network was built using the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) and Drug Gene Interaction Database (DGIdb). RESULTS We found that various biological functions or pathways related to the immune system and glucose metabolism changed in PBMCs from T1DM patients. In the PPI network, the DEGs of module 1 were significantly enriched in processes including inflammatory and immune responses and in pathways of proteoglycans in cancer. Moreover, we focused on four vital hub genes, namely, chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), and granzyme B (GZMB), and confirmed them in clinical PBMC samples. Furthermore, the disease-gene-drug interaction network revealed the potential of key genes as reference markers in T1DM. CONCLUSION These results provide new insight into T1DM pathogenesis and novel biomarkers that could be widely representative reference indicators or potential therapeutic targets for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research Key Laboratory for Diabetes, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingyu Liao
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research Key Laboratory for Diabetes, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiangheng Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The General Hospital of Chinese PLA Central Theater Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research Key Laboratory for Diabetes, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rufei Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research Key Laboratory for Diabetes, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Long
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research Key Laboratory for Diabetes, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Min Long https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1071-8131 Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research Key Laboratory for Diabetes, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China E-mail:
| | - Jiaqing Shao
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Correspond authors: Jiaqing Shao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9739-5410 Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing Medical University, 305 Zhongshan E Rd, Nanjing 210016, China E-mail:
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40
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Elvira B, Vandenbempt V, Bauzá-Martinez J, Crutzen R, Negueruela J, Ibrahim H, Winder ML, Brahma MK, Vekeriotaite B, Martens PJ, Singh SP, Rossello F, Lybaert P, Otonkoski T, Gysemans C, Wu W, Gurzov EN. PTPN2 Regulates the Interferon Signaling and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response in Pancreatic β-Cells in Autoimmune Diabetes. Diabetes 2022; 71:653-668. [PMID: 35044456 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from autoimmune destruction of β-cells in the pancreas. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are candidate genes for T1D and play a key role in autoimmune disease development and β-cell dysfunction. Here, we assessed the global protein and individual PTP profiles in the pancreas from nonobese mice with early-onset diabetes (NOD) mice treated with an anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. The treatment reversed hyperglycemia, and we observed enhanced expression of PTPN2, a PTP family member and T1D candidate gene, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperones in the pancreatic islets. To address the functional role of PTPN2 in β-cells, we generated PTPN2-deficient human stem cell-derived β-like and EndoC-βH1 cells. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that PTPN2 inactivation in β-cells exacerbates type I and type II interferon signaling networks and the potential progression toward autoimmunity. Moreover, we established the capacity of PTPN2 to positively modulate the Ca2+-dependent unfolded protein response and ER stress outcome in β-cells. Adenovirus-induced overexpression of PTPN2 partially protected from ER stress-induced β-cell death. Our results postulate PTPN2 as a key protective factor in β-cells during inflammation and ER stress in autoimmune diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernat Elvira
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Laboratoire de Gastroentérologie Expérimental et Endotools, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Valerie Vandenbempt
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Laboratoire de Gastroentérologie Expérimental et Endotools, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julia Bauzá-Martinez
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Raphaël Crutzen
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Javier Negueruela
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Laboratoire de Gastroentérologie Expérimental et Endotools, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hazem Ibrahim
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matthew L Winder
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Manoja K Brahma
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Laboratoire de Gastroentérologie Expérimental et Endotools, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Beata Vekeriotaite
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Laboratoire de Gastroentérologie Expérimental et Endotools, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pieter-Jan Martens
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 1, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Fernando Rossello
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pascale Lybaert
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Timo Otonkoski
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Conny Gysemans
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 1, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wei Wu
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Esteban N Gurzov
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Laboratoire de Gastroentérologie Expérimental et Endotools, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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41
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Personalized Immunotherapies for Type 1 Diabetes: Who, What, When, and How? J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12040542. [PMID: 35455658 PMCID: PMC9031881 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12040542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the immunopathological features of type 1 diabetes (T1D) has greatly improved over the past two decades and has shed light on disease heterogeneity dictated by multiple immune, metabolic, and clinical parameters. This may explain the limited effects of immunotherapies tested so far to durably revert or prevent T1D, for which life-long insulin replacement remains the only therapeutic option. In the era of omics and precision medicine, offering personalized treatment could contribute to turning this tide. Here, we discuss how to structure the selection of the right patient at the right time for the right treatment. This individualized therapeutic approach involves enrolling patients at a defined disease stage depending on the target and mode of action of the selected drug, and better stratifying patients based on their T1D endotype, reflecting intrinsic disease aggressiveness and immune context. To this end, biomarker screening will be critical, not only to help stratify patients and disease stage, but also to select the best predicted responders ahead of treatment and at early time points during clinical trials. This strategy could contribute to increase therapeutic efficacy, notably through the selection of drugs with complementary effects, and to further develop precision multi-hit medicine.
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42
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Li J, Ma Y, Paquette JK, Richards AC, Mulvey MA, Zachary JF, Teuscher C, Weis JJ. The Cdkn2a gene product p19 alternative reading frame (p19ARF) is a critical regulator of IFNβ-mediated Lyme arthritis. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010365. [PMID: 35324997 PMCID: PMC8946740 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferon (IFN) has been identified in patients with Lyme disease, and its abundant expression in joint tissues of C3H mice precedes development of Lyme arthritis. Forward genetics using C3H mice with severe Lyme arthritis and C57BL/6 (B6) mice with mild Lyme arthritis identified the Borrelia burgdorferi arthritis-associated locus 1 (Bbaa1) on chromosome 4 (Chr4) as a regulator of B. burgdorferi-induced IFNβ expression and Lyme arthritis severity. B6 mice introgressed with the C3H allele for Bbaa1 (B6.C3-Bbaa1 mice) displayed increased severity of arthritis, which is initiated by myeloid lineage cells in joints. Using advanced congenic lines, the physical size of the Bbaa1 interval has been reduced to 2 Mbp, allowing for identification of potential genetic regulators. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated silencing identified Cdkn2a as the gene responsible for Bbaa1 allele-regulated induction of IFNβ and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). The Cdkn2a-encoded p19 alternative reading frame (p19ARF) protein regulates IFNβ induction in BMDMs as shown by siRNA silencing and overexpression of ARF. In vivo studies demonstrated that p19ARF contributes to joint-specific induction of IFNβ and arthritis severity in B. burgdorferi-infected mice. p19ARF regulates B. burgdorferi-induced IFNβ in BMDMs by stabilizing the tumor suppressor p53 and sequestering the transcriptional repressor BCL6. Our findings link p19ARF regulation of p53 and BCL6 to the severity of IFNβ-induced Lyme arthritis in vivo and indicate potential novel roles for p19ARF, p53, and BCL6 in Lyme disease and other IFN hyperproduction syndromes. Lyme disease is caused by infection with the tick-transmitted bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi. Although different isolates of B. burgdorferi have distinct potential for dissemination and tissue invasion, factors intrinsic to the infected host also play an important role in directing the severity of Lyme disease. In the animal model, infected C3H mice develop severe Lyme arthritis following elevation of type I IFN in joint tissue, while in C57BL/6 (B6) mice arthritis is mild and not associated with type I IFN. We demonstrated that the Borrelia burgdorferi arthritis-associated locus 1 (Bbaa1) on chromosome 4 (Chr4) intrinsically controls the magnitude of IFNβ production and the severity of Lyme arthritis in C3H vs B6 mice. The Cdkn2a gene was positionally identified as the regulator of IFNβ within Bbaa1, and determined to function through its protein product p19 alternative reading frame (p19ARF). ARF regulates IFNβ expression and Lyme arthritis severity by modulating the activities of the tumor suppressor p53 and transcriptional repressor BCL6. Our study provides new insight and potential therapeutic targets for the investigation of type I IFN-dependent Lyme arthritis and other IFN-driven diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinze Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Jackie K. Paquette
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Amanda C. Richards
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Matthew A. Mulvey
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - James F. Zachary
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Cory Teuscher
- Department of Medicine, Vermont Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Janis J. Weis
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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43
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Abstract
Follicular helper T (TFH) cells provide help to B cells, supporting the formation of germinal centres that allow affinity maturation of antibody responses. Although usually located in secondary lymphoid organs, T cells bearing features of TFH cells can also be identified in human blood, and their frequency and phenotype are often altered in people with autoimmune diseases. In this Perspective article, I discuss the increase in circulating TFH cells seen in autoimmune settings and explore potential explanations for this phenomenon. I consider the multistep regulation of TFH cell differentiation by the CTLA4 and IL-2 pathways as well as by regulatory T cells and highlight that these same pathways are crucial for regulating autoimmune diseases. The propensity of infection to serve as a cue for TFH cell differentiation and a potential trigger for autoimmune disease development is also discussed. Overall, I postulate that alterations in pathways that regulate autoimmunity are coupled to alterations in TFH cell homeostasis, suggesting that this population may serve as a core sentinel of dysregulated immunity.
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Bediaga NG, Garnham AL, Naselli G, Bandala-Sanchez E, Stone NL, Cobb J, Harbison JE, Wentworth JM, Ziegler AG, Couper JJ, Smyth GK, Harrison LC. Cytotoxicity-Related Gene Expression and Chromatin Accessibility Define a Subset of CD4+ T Cells That Mark Progression to Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes 2022; 71:566-577. [PMID: 35007320 PMCID: PMC8893947 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes in children is heralded by a preclinical phase defined by circulating autoantibodies to pancreatic islet antigens. How islet autoimmunity is initiated and then progresses to clinical diabetes remains poorly understood. Only one study has reported gene expression in specific immune cells of children at risk associated with progression to islet autoimmunity. We analyzed gene expression with RNA sequencing in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and B cells, and chromatin accessibility by assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (ATAC-seq) in CD4+ T cells, in five genetically at risk children with islet autoantibodies who progressed to diabetes over a median of 3 years ("progressors") compared with five children matched for sex, age, and HLA-DR who had not progressed ("nonprogressors"). In progressors, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were largely confined to CD4+ T cells and enriched for cytotoxicity-related genes/pathways. Several top-ranked DEGs were validated in a semi-independent cohort of 13 progressors and 11 nonprogressors. Flow cytometry confirmed that progression was associated with expansion of CD4+ cells with a cytotoxic phenotype. By ATAC-seq, progression was associated with reconfiguration of regulatory chromatin regions in CD4+ cells, some linked to differentially expressed cytotoxicity-related genes. Our findings suggest that cytotoxic CD4+ T cells play a role in promoting progression to type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiara G. Bediaga
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Alexandra L. Garnham
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Gaetano Naselli
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Esther Bandala-Sanchez
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Natalie L. Stone
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Joanna Cobb
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jessica E. Harbison
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - John M. Wentworth
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Annette-G. Ziegler
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jennifer J. Couper
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Gordon K. Smyth
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Leonard C. Harrison
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Corresponding author: Leonard C. Harrison,
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Santos AS, Cunha-Neto E, Gonfinetti NV, Bertonha FB, Brochet P, Bergon A, Moreira-Filho CA, Chevillard C, da Silva MER. Prevalence of Inflammatory Pathways Over Immuno-Tolerance in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Recent-Onset Type 1 Diabetes. Front Immunol 2022; 12:765264. [PMID: 35058920 PMCID: PMC8764313 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.765264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Changes in innate and adaptive immunity occurring in/around pancreatic islets had been observed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of Caucasian T1D patients by some, but not all researchers. The aim of our study was to investigate whether gene expression patterns of PBMC of the highly admixed Brazilian population could add knowledge about T1D pathogenic mechanisms. Methods We assessed global gene expression in PBMC from two groups matched for age, sex and BMI: 20 patients with recent-onset T1D (≤ 6 months from diagnosis, in a time when the autoimmune process is still highly active), testing positive for one or more islet autoantibodies and 20 islet autoantibody-negative healthy controls. Results We identified 474 differentially expressed genes between groups. The most expressed genes in T1D group favored host defense, inflammatory and anti-bacterial/antiviral effects (LFT, DEFA4, DEFA1, CTSG, KCNMA1) and cell cycle progression. Several of the downregulated genes in T1D target cellular repair, control of inflammation and immune tolerance. They were related to T helper 2 pathway, induction of FOXP3 expression (AREG) and immune tolerance (SMAD6). SMAD6 expression correlated negatively with islet ZnT8 antibody. The expression of PDE12, that offers resistance to viral pathogens was decreased and negatively related to ZnT8A and GADA levels. The increased expression of long non coding RNAs MALAT1 and NEAT1, related to inflammatory mediators, autoimmune diseases and innate immune response against viral infections reinforced these data. Conclusions Our analysis suggested the activation of cell development, anti-infectious and inflammatory pathways, indicating immune activation, whereas immune-regulatory pathways were downregulated in PBMC from recent-onset T1D patients with a differential genetic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritania Sousa Santos
- Laboratorio de Carboidratos e Radioimunoensaios LIM 18, Faculdade de Medicina, University of Sao Paulo Hospital of Clinics, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edécio Cunha-Neto
- Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Pauline Brochet
- Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, TAGC Theories and Approaches of Genomic Complexity, INSERM, UMR_1090, Marseille, France
| | - Aurelie Bergon
- Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, TAGC Theories and Approaches of Genomic Complexity, INSERM, UMR_1090, Marseille, France
| | | | - Christophe Chevillard
- Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, TAGC Theories and Approaches of Genomic Complexity, INSERM, UMR_1090, Marseille, France
| | - Maria Elizabeth Rossi da Silva
- Laboratorio de Carboidratos e Radioimunoensaios LIM 18, Faculdade de Medicina, University of Sao Paulo Hospital of Clinics, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
It is well established that by modulating various immune functions, host infection may alter the course of concomitant inflammatory diseases, of both infectious and autoimmune etiologies. Beyond the major impact of commensal microbiota on the immune status, host exposure to viral, bacterial, and/or parasitic microorganisms also dramatically influences inflammatory diseases in the host, in a beneficial or harmful manner. Moreover, by modifying pathogen control and host tolerance to tissue damage, a coinfection can profoundly affect the development of a concomitant infectious disease. Here, we review the diverse mechanisms that underlie the impact of (co)infections on inflammatory disorders. We discuss epidemiological studies in the context of the hygiene hypothesis and shed light on the sometimes dual impact of germ exposure on human susceptibility to inflammatory disease. We then summarize the immunomodulatory mechanisms at play, which can involve pleiotropic effects of immune players and discuss the possibility to harness pathogen-derived compounds to the host benefit.
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47
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Miettinen ME, Honkanen J, Niinistö S, Vaarala O, Virtanen SM, Knip M. Breastfeeding and circulating immunological markers during the first 3 years of life: the DIABIMMUNE study. Diabetologia 2022; 65:329-335. [PMID: 34837504 PMCID: PMC8741720 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05612-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Our aim was to study the association between duration of breastfeeding and circulating immunological markers during the first 3 years of life in children with HLA-conferred susceptibility to type 1 diabetes. METHODS We performed a longitudinal analysis of 38 circulating immunological markers (cytokines, chemokines and growth factors) in serum samples from Finnish (56 individuals, 147 samples), Estonian (56 individuals 148 samples) and Russian Karelian children (62 individuals, 149 samples) at 3, 6, 12, 18, 24 and 36 months of age. We also analysed gut inflammation markers (calprotectin and human β defensin-2) at 3 (n = 96) and 6 months (n = 153) of age. Comparisons of immunological marker medians were performed between children who were breastfed for 6 months or longer vs children who were breastfed for less than 6 months. RESULTS Breastfeeding for 6 months or longer vs less than 6 months was associated with lower median of serum immunological markers at 6 months (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GMCSF], macrophage inflammatory protein [MIP-3α]), 12 months (IFN-α2, vascular endothelial growth factor, GMCSF, IFN-γ, IL-21), 18 months (FGF-2, IFN-α2) and 24 months of age (CCL11 [eotaxin], monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, TGFα, soluble CD40 ligand, IL-13, IL-21, IL-5, MIP-1α) (all p < 0.01) but not at 36 months of age. Breastfeeding was not associated with gut inflammation markers at 3 and 6 months of age. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Children who were breastfed for 6 months or longer had lower medians for 14 immunological markers at one or more age points during the first 2 years of life compared with children who were breastfed for less than 6 months. The clinical meaning of the findings is not clear. However, the present study contributes to the understanding of immunological differences in children that have been breastfed longer, and thus provides a mechanistic suggestion for the previously observed associations between breastfeeding and risk of type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija E Miettinen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Health and Well-Being Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jarno Honkanen
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sari Niinistö
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Health and Well-Being Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Vaarala
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suvi M Virtanen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Health and Well-Being Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Tampere University Hospital, Research, Development and Innovation Center, Tampere, Finland
- Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mikael Knip
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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48
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Lloyd RE, Tamhankar M, Lernmark Å. Enteroviruses and Type 1 Diabetes: Multiple Mechanisms and Factors? Annu Rev Med 2022; 73:483-499. [PMID: 34794324 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-042320015952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by insulin deficiency and resultant hyperglycemia. Complex interactions of genetic and environmental factors trigger the onset of autoimmune mechanisms responsible for development of autoimmunity to β cell antigens and subsequent development of T1D. A potential role of virus infections has long been hypothesized, and growing evidence continues to implicate enteroviruses as the most probable triggering viruses. Recent studies have strengthened the association between enteroviruses and development of autoimmunity in T1D patients, potentially through persistent infections. Enterovirus infections may contribute to different stages of disease development. We review data from both human cohort studies and experimental research exploring the potential roles and molecular mechanisms by which enterovirus infections can impact disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard E Lloyd
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA; ,
| | - Manasi Tamhankar
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA; ,
| | - Åke Lernmark
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/CRC, Skane University Hospital, Malmö 214 28, Sweden;
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49
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Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by insulin deficiency and resultant hyperglycemia. Complex interactions of genetic and environmental factors trigger the onset of autoimmune mechanisms responsible for development of autoimmunity to β cell antigens and subsequent development of T1D. A potential role of virus infections has long been hypothesized, and growing evidence continues to implicate enteroviruses as the most probable triggering viruses. Recent studies have strengthened the association between enteroviruses and development of autoimmunity in T1D patients, potentially through persistent infections. Enterovirus infections may contribute to different stages of disease development. We review data from both human cohort studies and experimental research exploring the potential roles and molecular mechanisms by which enterovirus infections can impact disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard E. Lloyd
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Manasi Tamhankar
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Åke Lernmark
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/CRC, Skane University Hospital, Malmö 214 28, Sweden
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50
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Persistent coxsackievirus B1 infection triggers extensive changes in the transcriptome of human pancreatic ductal cells. iScience 2022; 25:103653. [PMID: 35024587 PMCID: PMC8728469 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteroviruses, particularly the group B coxsackieviruses (CVBs), have been associated with the development of type 1 diabetes. Several CVB serotypes establish chronic infections in human cells in vivo and in vitro. However, the mechanisms leading to enterovirus persistency and, possibly, beta cell autoimmunity are not fully understood. We established a carrier-state-type persistent infection model in human pancreatic cell line PANC-1 using two distinct CVB1 strains and profiled the infection-induced changes in cellular transcriptome. In the current study, we observed clear changes in the gene expression of factors associated with the pancreatic microenvironment, the secretory pathway, and lysosomal biogenesis during persistent CVB1 infections. Moreover, we found that the antiviral response pathways were activated differently by the two CVB1 strains. Overall, our study reveals extensive transcriptional responses in persistently CVB1-infected pancreatic cells with strong opposite but also common changes between the two strains. Establishment of persistent CVB1 infection in PANC-1 cells using two CVB1 strains Extensive transcriptional responses in persistently CVB1-infected pancreatic cells Changes in pancreatic microenvironment, secretory pathway, and lysosomes Antiviral immune response was activated differently by the two CVB1 strains
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