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Carl CS, Jensen MM, Sjøberg KA, Constantin-Teodosiu D, Hill IR, Kjøbsted R, Greenhaff PL, Wojtaszewski JFP, Richter EA, Fritzen AM, Kiens B. Pharmacological Activation of PDC Flux Reverses Lipid-Induced Inhibition of Insulin Action in Muscle During Recovery From Exercise. Diabetes 2024; 73:1072-1083. [PMID: 38608261 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes, and exercise can improve insulin sensitivity. However, following exercise, high circulating fatty acid (FA) levels might counteract this. We hypothesized that such inhibition would be reduced by forcibly increasing carbohydrate oxidation through pharmacological activation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC). Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was examined with a crossover design in healthy young men (n = 8) in a previously exercised and a rested leg during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp 5 h after one-legged exercise with 1) infusion of saline, 2) infusion of intralipid imitating circulating FA levels during recovery from whole-body exercise, and 3) infusion of intralipid + oral PDC activator, dichloroacetate (DCA). Intralipid infusion reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by 19% in the previously exercised leg, which was not observed in the contralateral rested leg. Interestingly, this effect of intralipid in the exercised leg was abolished by DCA, which increased muscle PDC activity (130%) and flux (acetylcarnitine 130%) and decreased inhibitory phosphorylation of PDC on Ser293 (∼40%) and Ser300 (∼80%). Novel insight is provided into the regulatory interaction between glucose and lipid metabolism during exercise recovery. Coupling exercise and PDC flux activation upregulated the capacity for both glucose transport (exercise) and oxidation (DCA), which seems necessary to fully stimulate insulin-stimulated glucose uptake during recovery. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian S Carl
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie M Jensen
- Clinical Research, Copenhagen University Hospital-Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Kim A Sjøberg
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dumitru Constantin-Teodosiu
- David Greenfield Human Physiology Laboratory, National Institute for Health and Care Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, The Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K
| | - Ian R Hill
- David Greenfield Human Physiology Laboratory, National Institute for Health and Care Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, The Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K
| | - Rasmus Kjøbsted
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul L Greenhaff
- David Greenfield Human Physiology Laboratory, National Institute for Health and Care Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, The Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik A Richter
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas M Fritzen
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Chen JW, Du WQ, Zhu K. Optimal exercise intensity for improving executive function in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: systematic review and network meta-analysis. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:10.1007/s00787-024-02507-6. [PMID: 38922348 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02507-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare and rank the effectiveness of optimal exercise intensity in improving executive function in patients with ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD) through a comprehensive comparison of direct and indirect evidence. A systematic search was performed in five electronic databases to explore the optimal exercise intensity for improving executive function in patients with ADHD by directly and indirectly comparing a variety of exercise intervention intensities. In addition, the isolated effects of exercise on improving executive function in patients with ADHD were explored through classical meta-analysis of paired direct comparisons. Twenty-nine studies were retrieved and included in this study. Classical paired meta-analysis showed that for the patients with ADHD in the age group of 7-17 years, statistical difference was observed for all the parameters of exercise interventions (intensity, frequency, period, and training method), the three dimensions of executive function, the use of medication or not, the high and low quality of the methodological approach. Network meta-analysis showed that high-intensity exercise training was optimal for improving working memory (97.4%) and inhibitory function (85.7%) in patients with ADHD. Meanwhile, moderate-intensity exercise training was optimal for improving cognitive flexibility (77.3%) in patients with ADHD. Moderate to high intensity exercise training shows potential for improving executive function in these patients. Therefore, we recommend applying high-intensity exercise intervention to improve executive function in patients with ADHD to achieve substantial improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Wei Chen
- Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Qian Du
- Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Zhu
- Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
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Chen JW, Zhu K. Single Exercise for Core Symptoms and Executive Functions in ADHD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Atten Disord 2024; 28:399-414. [PMID: 38156611 DOI: 10.1177/10870547231217321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies of single exercise on core symptoms and executive function in adolescents with ADHD. METHODS Four databases were searched for studies of the effects of single exercise on core symptoms and executive functioning in adolescents with ADHD. RESULTS Thirteen studies were included, and a single session of exercise had small effect-size improvements in core symptoms and executive function in adolescents with ADHD: 10 to 13 year olds in the early adolescent-elementary school years and 18 to 24 year olds in the late adolescent-college years. Moderate-intensity continuous training, high-intensity interval training, single sessions of less than 30 minutes, and single sessions of 30 minutes and more significantly improved cycling training, attention, inhibition, substance use, and pre-study abstinence. CONCLUSIONS A single session of exercise had an overall ameliorative effect on core symptoms and executive function in adolescents with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kun Zhu
- Shanghai University of Sport, China
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Weigert C. The post-exercise paradox of reduced glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 238:e14007. [PMID: 37262313 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cora Weigert
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
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Flockhart M, Tischer D, Nilsson LC, Blackwood SJ, Ekblom B, Katz A, Apró W, Larsen FJ. Reduced glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity after prolonged exercise in endurance athletes. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 238:e13972. [PMID: 37017615 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study was to 1. investigate if glucose tolerance is affected after one acute bout of different types of exercise; 2. assess if potential differences between two exercise paradigms are related to changes in mitochondrial function; and 3. determine if endurance athletes differ from nonendurance-trained controls in their metabolic responses to the exercise paradigms. METHODS Nine endurance athletes (END) and eight healthy nonendurance-trained controls (CON) were studied. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) and mitochondrial function were assessed on three occasions: in the morning, 14 h after an overnight fast without prior exercise (RE), as well as after 3 h of prolonged continuous exercise at 65% of VO2 max (PE) or 5 × 4 min at ~95% of VO2 max (HIIT) on a cycle ergometer. RESULTS Glucose tolerance was markedly reduced in END after PE compared with RE. END also exhibited elevated fasting serum FFA and ketones levels, reduced insulin sensitivity and glucose oxidation, and increased fat oxidation during the OGTT. CON showed insignificant changes in glucose tolerance and the aforementioned measurements compared with RE. HIIT did not alter glucose tolerance in either group. Neither PE nor HIIT affected mitochondrial function in either group. END also exhibited increased activity of 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity in muscle extracts vs. CON. CONCLUSION Prolonged exercise reduces glucose tolerance and increases insulin resistance in endurance athletes the following day. These findings are associated with an increased lipid load, a high capacity to oxidize lipids, and increased fat oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Flockhart
- Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dominik Tischer
- Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lina C Nilsson
- Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sarah J Blackwood
- Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Ekblom
- Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Abram Katz
- Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - William Apró
- Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Filip J Larsen
- Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Stockholm, Sweden
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de Almeida ME, Nielsen J, Petersen MH, Wentorf EK, Pedersen NB, Jensen K, Højlund K, Ørtenblad N. Altered intramuscular network of lipid droplets and mitochondria in type 2 diabetes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C39-C57. [PMID: 36409174 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00470.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Excessive storage of lipid droplets (LDs) in skeletal muscles is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes. However, LD morphology displays a high degree of subcellular heterogeneity and varies between single muscle fibers, which impedes the current understanding of lipid-induced insulin resistance. Using quantitative transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we conducted a comprehensive single-fiber morphological analysis to investigate the intramuscular network of LDs and mitochondria, and the effects of 8 wk of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) targeting major muscle groups, in patients with type 2 diabetes and nondiabetic obese and lean controls. We found that excessive storage of intramuscular lipids in patients with type 2 diabetes was exclusively explained by extremely large LDs situated in distinct muscle fibers with a location-specific deficiency in subsarcolemmal mitochondria. After HIIT, this intramuscular deficiency was improved by a remodeling of LD size and subcellular distribution and mitochondrial content. Analysis of LD morphology further revealed that individual organelles were better described as ellipsoids than spheres. Moreover, physical contact between LD and mitochondrial membranes indicated a dysfunctional interplay between organelles in the diabetic state. Taken together, type 2 diabetes should be recognized as a metabolic disease with high cellular heterogeneity in intramuscular lipid storage, underlining the relevance of single-cell technologies in clinical research. Furthermore, HIIT changed intramuscular LD storage toward nondiabetic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Eisemann de Almeida
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Joachim Nielsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Maria Houborg Petersen
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Emil Kleis Wentorf
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Niklas Bigum Pedersen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kurt Jensen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kurt Højlund
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels Ørtenblad
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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7
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Hingst JR, Onslev JD, Holm S, Kjøbsted R, Frøsig C, Kido K, Steenberg DE, Larsen MR, Kristensen JM, Carl CS, Sjøberg K, Thong FSL, Derave W, Pehmøller C, Brandt N, McConell G, Jensen J, Kiens B, Richter EA, Wojtaszewski JFP. Insulin Sensitization Following a Single Exercise Bout Is Uncoupled to Glycogen in Human Skeletal Muscle: A Meta-analysis of 13 Single-Center Human Studies. Diabetes 2022; 71:2237-2250. [PMID: 36265014 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Exercise profoundly influences glycemic control by enhancing muscle insulin sensitivity, thus promoting glucometabolic health. While prior glycogen breakdown so far has been deemed integral for muscle insulin sensitivity to be potentiated by exercise, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain enigmatic. We have combined original data from 13 of our studies that investigated insulin action in skeletal muscle either under rested conditions or following a bout of one-legged knee extensor exercise in healthy young male individuals (n = 106). Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was potentiated and occurred substantially faster in the prior contracted muscles. In this otherwise homogenous group of individuals, a remarkable biological diversity in the glucometabolic responses to insulin is apparent both in skeletal muscle and at the whole-body level. In contrast to the prevailing concept, our analyses reveal that insulin-stimulated muscle glucose uptake and the potentiation thereof by exercise are not associated with muscle glycogen synthase activity, muscle glycogen content, or degree of glycogen utilization during the preceding exercise bout. Our data further suggest that the phenomenon of improved insulin sensitivity in prior contracted muscle is not regulated in a homeostatic feedback manner from glycogen. Instead, we put forward the idea that this phenomenon is regulated by cellular allostatic mechanisms that elevate the muscle glycogen storage set point and enhance insulin sensitivity to promote the uptake of glucose toward faster glycogen resynthesis without development of glucose overload/toxicity or feedback inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne R Hingst
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan D Onslev
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stephanie Holm
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Kjøbsted
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Frøsig
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kohei Kido
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dorte E Steenberg
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Magnus R Larsen
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas M Kristensen
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Strini Carl
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim Sjøberg
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Farah S L Thong
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wim Derave
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christian Pehmøller
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nina Brandt
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Glenn McConell
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jørgen Jensen
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Kiens
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik A Richter
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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8
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Hamilton MT, Hamilton DG, Zderic TW. A potent physiological method to magnify and sustain soleus oxidative metabolism improves glucose and lipid regulation. iScience 2022; 25:104869. [PMID: 36034224 PMCID: PMC9404652 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Slow oxidative muscle, most notably the soleus, is inherently well equipped with the molecular machinery for regulating blood-borne substrates. However, the entire human musculature accounts for only ∼15% of the body’s oxidative metabolism of glucose at the resting energy expenditure, despite being the body’s largest lean tissue mass. We found the human soleus muscle could raise local oxidative metabolism to high levels for hours without fatigue, during a type of soleus-dominant activity while sitting, even in unfit volunteers. Muscle biopsies revealed there was minimal glycogen use. Magnifying the otherwise negligible local energy expenditure with isolated contractions improved systemic VLDL-triglyceride and glucose homeostasis by a large magnitude, e.g., 52% less postprandial glucose excursion (∼50 mg/dL less between ∼1 and 2 h) with 60% less hyperinsulinemia. Targeting a small oxidative muscle mass (∼1% body mass) with local contractile activity is a potent method for improving systemic metabolic regulation while prolonging the benefits of oxidative metabolism. We developed a method to capitalize upon the unique phenotype of the soleus “A high quality versus large quantity perspective” for muscle activation Singular movement targeting the 1 kg soleus easily sustains oxidative metabolism This method provides a distinct muscular activity stimulus for metabolic control
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc T. Hamilton
- Department Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Corresponding author
| | - Deborah G. Hamilton
- Department Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Theodore W. Zderic
- Department Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
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Larsen JK, Larsen MR, Birk JB, Steenberg DE, Hingst JR, Højlund K, Chadt A, Al-Hasani H, Deshmukh AS, Wojtaszewski JF, Kjøbsted R. Illumination of the Endogenous Insulin-Regulated TBC1D4 Interactome in Human Skeletal Muscle. Diabetes 2022; 71:906-920. [PMID: 35192682 PMCID: PMC9074744 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-stimulated muscle glucose uptake is a key process in glycemic control. This process depends on the redistribution of glucose transporters to the surface membrane, a process that involves regulatory proteins such as TBC1D1 and TBC1D4. Accordingly, a TBC1D4 loss-of-function mutation in human skeletal muscle is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, and observations from carriers of a TBC1D1 variant associate this protein to a severe obesity phenotype. Here, we identified interactors of the endogenous TBC1D4 protein in human skeletal muscle by an unbiased proteomics approach. We detected 76 proteins as candidate TBC1D4 interactors. The binding of 12 of these interactors was regulated by insulin, including proteins known to be involved in glucose metabolism (e.g., 14-3-3 proteins and α-actinin-4 [ACTN4]). TBC1D1 also coprecipitated with TBC1D4 and vice versa in both human and mouse skeletal muscle. This interaction was not regulated by insulin or exercise in young, healthy, lean individuals. Similarly, the exercise- and insulin-regulated phosphorylation of the TBC1D1-TBC1D4 complex was intact. In contrast, we observed an altered interaction as well as compromised insulin-stimulated phosphoregulation of the TBC1D1-TBC1D4 complex in muscle of obese individuals with type 2 diabetes. Altogether, we provide a repository of TBC1D4 interactors in human and mouse skeletal muscle that serve as potential regulators of TBC1D4 function and, thus, insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in human skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeppe K. Larsen
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Magnus R. Larsen
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper B. Birk
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dorte E. Steenberg
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janne R. Hingst
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kurt Højlund
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Alexandra Chadt
- German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hadi Al-Hasani
- German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Atul S. Deshmukh
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen F.P. Wojtaszewski
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Corresponding authors: Rasmus Kjøbsted, , and Jørgen F.P. Wojtaszewski,
| | - Rasmus Kjøbsted
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Corresponding authors: Rasmus Kjøbsted, , and Jørgen F.P. Wojtaszewski,
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10
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Wang Y, Xiang T, Xia X, Zhang H, Geng S, Yang G, Qiu S, He Y, Liu R, Li L, Liu H, Li K, Zhang L, Liang Z, He J. Elevated circulating GPHB5 levels in women with insulin resistance and polycystic ovary syndrome: A cross-sectional study and multiple intervention studies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1010714. [PMID: 36568071 PMCID: PMC9772026 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1010714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE GPHB5 has been found to be associated with glucose and lipid metabolism in animal studies. However, the association of GPHB5 with IR and metabolic disorders remains unknown, and there is a lack of research in humans. Our aim in this study was to investigate the relationship between circulating GPHB5 and metabolic disorders in humans. METHODS Bioinformatics analysis was performed to understand the relationship between GPHB5 and metabolic disorders. GPHB5 mRNA expression in mice and rats was determined using RT-qPCR. Circulating GPHB5 concentrations were measured with an ELISA kit. EHC and OGTT were performed in humans. RESULTS Bioinformatics analysis shows that GPHB5 is associated with metabolic disorders and PCOS. GPHB5 mRNA expression levels in the metabolic-related tissues of HFD-fed mice, db/db and ob/ob mice, and PCOS rats were significantly higher than those of WT mice or rats. In human studies, we find that circulating GPHB5 levels were significantly higher in women with IR and PCOS. GPHB5 levels were positively correlated with age, BMI, WHR, BP, FBG, 2 h-BG, FIns, 2 h-Ins, TC, LDL-C, HbA1c, and FFA, but negatively correlated with adiponectin. Furthermore, GPHB5 was positively correlated with DHEAS and FAI, while negatively correlated with SHBG, FSH, SHBG and FSH. The increased GPHB5 concentration was related to IR and PCOS. After the treatment of metformin, GLP-1RA (Lira), and TZDs, circulating GPHB5 levels were decreased. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal that circulating GPHB5 could be a biomarker and potential therapeutic target for IR and PCOS in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Red Cross Hospital (People’s Hospital of Jiangbei District), Chongqing, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Xiang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuyun Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongmin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People’s Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area, Chongqing, China
| | - Shan Geng
- Department of Endocrinology, The People’s Hospital of Dazu, Chongqing, China
| | - Gangyi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sheng Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yirui He
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Li
- The Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics in the Ministry of Education and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, MS, United States
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zerong Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Red Cross Hospital (People’s Hospital of Jiangbei District), Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Zerong Liang, ; Jianguo He,
| | - Jianguo He
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Red Cross Hospital (People’s Hospital of Jiangbei District), Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Zerong Liang, ; Jianguo He,
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11
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Petersen MH, de Almeida ME, Wentorf EK, Jensen K, Ørtenblad N, Højlund K. High-intensity interval training combining rowing and cycling efficiently improves insulin sensitivity, body composition and VO 2max in men with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1032235. [PMID: 36387850 PMCID: PMC9664080 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1032235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Non-weight-bearing high-intensity interval training (HIIT) involving several muscle groups may efficiently improve metabolic health without compromising adherence in obesity and type 2 diabetes. In a non-randomized intervention study, we examined the effect of a novel HIIT-protocol, recruiting both lower and upper body muscles, on insulin sensitivity, measures of metabolic health and adherence in obesity and type 2 diabetes. METHODS In 15 obese men with type 2 diabetes and age-matched obese (n=15) and lean (n=18) glucose-tolerant men, the effects of 8-weeks supervised HIIT combining rowing and cycling on ergometers (3 sessions/week) were examined by DXA-scan, incremental exercise test and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp combined with indirect calorimetry. RESULTS At baseline, insulin-stimulated glucose disposal rate (GDR) was ~40% reduced in the diabetic vs the non-diabetic groups (all p<0.01). In response to HIIT, insulin-stimulated GDR increased ~30-40% in all groups (all p<0.01) entirely explained by increased glucose storage. These changes were accompanied by ~8-15% increases in VO2max, (all p<0.01), decreased total fat mass and increased lean body mass in all groups (all p<0.05). There were no correlations between these training adaptations and no group-differences in these responses. HbA1c showed a clinically relevant decrease in men with type 2 diabetes (4±2 mmol/mol; p<0.05). Importantly, adherence was high (>95%) in all groups and no injuries were reported. CONCLUSIONS A novel HIIT-protocol recruiting lower and upper body muscles efficiently improves insulin sensitivity, VO2max and body composition with intact responses in obesity and type 2 diabetes. The high adherence and lack of injuries show that non-weight-bearing HIIT involving several muscle groups is a promising mode of exercise training in obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Eisemann de Almeida
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Emil Kleis Wentorf
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kurt Jensen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels Ørtenblad
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kurt Højlund
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Kurt Højlund,
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12
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Interactions between insulin and exercise. Biochem J 2021; 478:3827-3846. [PMID: 34751700 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between insulin and exercise is an example of balancing and modifying the effects of two opposing metabolic regulatory forces under varying conditions. While insulin is secreted after food intake and is the primary hormone increasing glucose storage as glycogen and fatty acid storage as triglycerides, exercise is a condition where fuel stores need to be mobilized and oxidized. Thus, during physical activity the fuel storage effects of insulin need to be suppressed. This is done primarily by inhibiting insulin secretion during exercise as well as activating local and systemic fuel mobilizing processes. In contrast, following exercise there is a need for refilling the fuel depots mobilized during exercise, particularly the glycogen stores in muscle. This process is facilitated by an increase in insulin sensitivity of the muscles previously engaged in physical activity which directs glucose to glycogen resynthesis. In physically trained individuals, insulin sensitivity is also higher than in untrained individuals due to adaptations in the vasculature, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. In this paper, we review the interactions between insulin and exercise during and after exercise, as well as the effects of regular exercise training on insulin action.
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13
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Heiston EM, Liu Z, Ballantyne A, Kranz S, Malin SK. A single bout of exercise improves vascular insulin sensitivity in adults with obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:1487-1496. [PMID: 34339111 PMCID: PMC8387339 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This crossover study explored the impact of a single bout of exercise on insulin-stimulated responses in conduit arteries and capillaries. METHODS Twelve sedentary adults (49.5 [7.8] years; maximal oxygen consumption [VO2 max]: 23.7 [5.4] mL/kg/min) with obesity (BMI 34.5 [4.3] kg/m2 ) completed a control and exercise bout (70% VO2 max to expend 400 kcal). Sixteen hours later, participants underwent a 2-hour euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp (90 mg/dL; 40 mU/m2 /min) to determine vascular and metabolic insulin sensitivity. Endothelial and capillary functions were assessed by brachial artery flow-mediated dilation and contrast-enhanced ultrasound, respectively. Metabolized glucose infusion rate, substrate oxidation (indirect calorimetry), nonoxidative glucose disposal (NOGD), and inflammation were also determined. RESULTS Exercise increased insulin-stimulated preocclusion diameter (p = 0.01) and microvascular blood flow (condition effect: p = 0.04) compared with control. Furthermore, exercise improved metabolic insulin sensitivity by 21%, which paralleled rises in NOGD (p = 0.05) and decreases in soluble receptors for advanced glycation end products (condition effect: p = 0.01). Interestingly, changes in NOGD were related to increased insulin-stimulated microvascular blood flow (r = 0.57, p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS A single bout of exercise increases vascular insulin sensitivity in adults with obesity. Additional work is needed to determine vascular responses following different doses of exercise in order to design lifestyle prescriptions for reducing chronic disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Heiston
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, VA
| | - Zhenqi Liu
- Dision of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, VA
| | | | - Sibylle Kranz
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, VA
| | - Steven K. Malin
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, VA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, New Brunswick, NJ
- The New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
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14
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Exercise-A Panacea of Metabolic Dysregulation in Cancer: Physiological and Molecular Insights. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073469. [PMID: 33801684 PMCID: PMC8037630 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction is a comorbidity of many types of cancers. Disruption of glucose metabolism is of concern, as it is associated with higher cancer recurrence rates and reduced survival. Current evidence suggests many health benefits from exercise during and after cancer treatment, yet only a limited number of studies have addressed the effect of exercise on cancer-associated disruption of metabolism. In this review, we draw on studies in cells, rodents, and humans to describe the metabolic dysfunctions observed in cancer and the tissues involved. We discuss how the known effects of acute exercise and exercise training observed in healthy subjects could have a positive outcome on mechanisms in people with cancer, namely: insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and cachexia. Finally, we compile the current limited knowledge of how exercise corrects metabolic control in cancer and identify unanswered questions for future research.
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15
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Sellers AJ, Pallubinsky H, Rense P, Bijnens W, van de Weijer T, Moonen-Kornips E, Schrauwen P, van Marken Lichtenbelt WD. The effect of cold exposure with shivering on glucose tolerance in healthy men. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 130:193-205. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00642.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This is the first study to examine the effect of cold-induced shivering on subsequent glucose tolerance determined under thermoneutral conditions. Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations increased during the oral glucose tolerance test post shivering. Additionally, insulin sensitivity indices suggest insulin resistance following cold exposure. These results provide evidence for an acute post-shivering response, whereby glucose metabolism has deteriorated, contrary to the results from earlier studies on cold acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Jake Sellers
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hannah Pallubinsky
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal Rense
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Bijnens
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tineke van de Weijer
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Moonen-Kornips
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter D. van Marken Lichtenbelt
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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16
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Larsen MR, Steenberg DE, Birk JB, Sjøberg KA, Kiens B, Richter EA, Wojtaszewski JFP. The insulin‐sensitizing effect of a single exercise bout is similar in type I and type II human muscle fibres. J Physiol 2020; 598:5687-5699. [DOI: 10.1113/jp280475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Magnus R. Larsen
- Section of Molecular Physiology Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports Faculty of Science University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Dorte E. Steenberg
- Section of Molecular Physiology Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports Faculty of Science University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Jesper B. Birk
- Section of Molecular Physiology Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports Faculty of Science University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Kim A. Sjøberg
- Section of Molecular Physiology Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports Faculty of Science University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular Physiology Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports Faculty of Science University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Erik A. Richter
- Section of Molecular Physiology Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports Faculty of Science University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Jørgen F. P. Wojtaszewski
- Section of Molecular Physiology Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports Faculty of Science University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
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17
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Knudsen JR, Steenberg DE, Hingst JR, Hodgson LR, Henriquez-Olguin C, Li Z, Kiens B, Richter EA, Wojtaszewski JFP, Verkade P, Jensen TE. Prior exercise in humans redistributes intramuscular GLUT4 and enhances insulin-stimulated sarcolemmal and endosomal GLUT4 translocation. Mol Metab 2020; 39:100998. [PMID: 32305516 PMCID: PMC7240215 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.100998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Exercise is a cornerstone in the management of skeletal muscle insulin-resistance. A well-established benefit of a single bout of exercise is increased insulin sensitivity for hours post-exercise in the previously exercised musculature. Although rodent studies suggest that the insulin-sensitization phenomenon involves enhanced insulin-stimulated GLUT4 cell surface translocation and might involve intramuscular redistribution of GLUT4, the conservation to humans is unknown. Methods Healthy young males underwent an insulin-sensitizing one-legged kicking exercise bout for 1 h followed by fatigue bouts to exhaustion. Muscle biopsies were obtained 4 h post-exercise before and after a 2-hour hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Results A detailed microscopy-based analysis of GLUT4 distribution within seven different myocellular compartments revealed that prior exercise increased GLUT4 localization in insulin-responsive storage vesicles and T-tubuli. Furthermore, insulin-stimulated GLUT4 localization was augmented at the sarcolemma and in the endosomal compartments. Conclusions An intracellular redistribution of GLUT4 post-exercise is proposed as a molecular mechanism contributing to the insulin-sensitizing effect of prior exercise in human skeletal muscle. Intramyocellular GLUT4 is redistributed 4 h after exercise in humans. GLUT4 content is increased in GLUT4 storage vesicles and T-tubuli post-exercise. Prior exercise + insulin increases sarcolemmal and endosomal GLUT4. GLUT4 redistribution may thus contribute to post-exercise muscle insulin-sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas R Knudsen
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, August Krogh Building, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen Oe, Denmark; Laboratory of Microsystems 2, Institute of Microengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Batiment BM, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dorte E Steenberg
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, August Krogh Building, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen Oe, Denmark
| | - Janne R Hingst
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, August Krogh Building, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen Oe, Denmark
| | - Lorna R Hodgson
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, BS8 1TD, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Henriquez-Olguin
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, August Krogh Building, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen Oe, Denmark
| | - Zhencheng Li
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, August Krogh Building, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen Oe, Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, August Krogh Building, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen Oe, Denmark
| | - Erik A Richter
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, August Krogh Building, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen Oe, Denmark
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, August Krogh Building, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen Oe, Denmark
| | - Paul Verkade
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, BS8 1TD, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas E Jensen
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, August Krogh Building, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen Oe, Denmark.
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