1
|
Lei L, Qin H, Chen Y, Sun Y, Yin W, Tong S. Association Between Adherence to EAT-Lancet Diet and Risk of Hypertension: An 18-Year National Cohort Study in China. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2024:1-10. [PMID: 39235386 DOI: 10.1080/27697061.2024.2399826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The EAT-Lancet Commission has proposed an EAT-Lancet diet (ELD), also known as a planetary health diet (PHD), which is environmentally sustainable and promotes human health. However, the association between this diet and the risk of hypertension remains unclear. This study aimed to determine whether adherence to ELD was associated with a lower risk of hypertension. METHODS 11,402 adults without hypertension at baseline from the China Health and Nutrition Survey were included. The PHD score was used to evaluate ELD adherence, with higher scores reflecting better compliance. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was utilized to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Additionally, a subgroup analysis was performed to identify the possible effect modifiers, and a mediation analysis was conducted to explore the mediation effects of anthropometric measurements on the association between ELD and hypertension. RESULTS A total of 3993 participants (35%) developed hypertension during 93,058 person-years of follow-up. In the covariate-adjusted model, hypertension risk was reduced in the highest quartile participants compared to the lowest quartile of the PHD score (adjusted HR: 0.79, 95%CI: 0.71-0.87; P-trend < 0.001), which remained significant after sensitivity analysis. Notably, the association was also observed in isolated systolic hypertension, isolated diastolic hypertension, and systolic-diastolic hypertension. Subgroup analysis revealed that the inverse association between the PHD score and hypertension risk was more pronounced in nonsmokers and high-sodium intake consumers than in smokers and low-sodium consumers (P-interaction < 0.05). Additionally, mediation analysis revealed that 23.3% of the association between the PHD score and hypertension risk was mediated by the waist-to-height ratio. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that a higher adherence to ELD is associated with a lower risk of hypertension. These results emphasize that ELD may serve as a potential strategy to prevent hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lifu Lei
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haixia Qin
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yushi Chen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenwei Yin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Office of Academic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiwen Tong
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
TaghipourSheshdeh F, Behzadi M, Bashiri S, Mohammadi-Sartang M. The Effect of Chia Seed on Blood Pressure, Body Composition, and Glycemic Control: A GRADE-Assessed Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutr Rev 2024:nuae113. [PMID: 39225983 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Numerous studies have demonstrated the positive effects on metabolic factors of consuming chia seeds. However, the results of clinical trials have been inconsistent. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of available randomized controlled trials to explore the effects of chia seed consumption on body weight (BW), body composition, blood pressure, and glycemic control. DATA SOURCES A comprehensive search was conducted on the Scopus, PubMed, Medline via Ovid, ISI Web of Science, and Scholar Google databases up to August 2023. DATA EXTRACTION The outcomes of interest included systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), BW, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, waist circumference (WC), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). DATA ANALYSIS Weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% CIs were used to determine the effect size. RESULTS A total of 8 eligible studies were included in the analysis. The findings revealed a significant reduction in SBP (WMD: -7.19 mmHg; 95% CI, -10.63 to -3.73; P < .001) and DBP (WMD: -6.04 mmHg, 95% CI, -9.58 to -2.49; P = .001). However, no significant effects were observed on BW, body fat percentage, WC, BMI, FBG, and HbA1c. Subgroup analysis indicated that the effect of chia seed on SBP was significant in participants with a baseline SBP of less than 140 mmHg, but the effect was not dependent on the administered dose. CONCLUSION Chia seed consumption has positive effects on SBP and DBP but does not significantly impact BW, body composition, or glycemic parameters. However, the limited amount of data from included studies should be considered as a limitation while interpreting these findings. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023462575.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faranak TaghipourSheshdeh
- Student Research Committee, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 7153675541, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Behzadi
- Student Research Committee, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 7153675541, Iran
| | - Sara Bashiri
- Student Research Committee, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 7153675541, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Meng G, Yao J, Li J, Gu Y, Wu H, Zhang Q, Liu L, Wang X, Zhang J, Sun S, Wang X, Zhou M, Jia Q, Song K, Niu K. Association between whole-grain consumption and carotid atherosclerosis: the Tianjin chronic low-grade systemic inflammation and health (TCLSIH) cohort study. Food Funct 2023; 14:10955-10963. [PMID: 38010908 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01921g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Background: Whole-grain contains a range of beneficial nutrients, which are thought to play a role in the prevention of chronic diseases. However, the association between whole-grain consumption and the risk of developing carotid atherosclerosis (CA) has not been sufficiently elucidated. We, therefore, conducted this study to investigate the relationship between whole-grain consumption and CA in the general adult population. Methods: This prospective cohort study included a total of 2166 participants (19.2-84.6 years, 55.0% men) without a history of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and CA at baseline. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to assess whole-grain consumption. Measurements of CA include carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and carotid plaque. IMT thickening is defined as: IMT ≥ 1.0 mm or a carotid bifurcation IMT ≥ 1.2 mm. Carotid plaque is defined as: distinct area protruding ≥1.5 mm into the vascular lumen of the carotid artery. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine the association of whole-grain consumption with incident CA. Results: A total of 538 (341 men) first incident cases of CA occurred during 5585 person-years of follow-up (median follow-up: 4.2 years). After adjusting for demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, dietary intake, individual and family history of disease, the multivariable HRs (95% CIs) for incident CA were 1.00 (reference) for <1 time per week, 1.10 (0.85, 1.43) for 1 time per week, 0.95 (0.75, 1.20) for 2-6 times per week, and 1.12 (0.80, 1.56) for ≥1 times per day, respectively (P for trend = 0.99). Similar results were observed in stratified analyses by the main covariates and sensitivity analyses. Conclusion: Our data indicate that whole-grain consumption had no significant association with the risk of CA in an adult Chinese population. In our study population, there is a low consumption of whole-grain, which may limit our ability to see an association. Further cohort studies or randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm our results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ge Meng
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiping Yao
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
- School of Public Health of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiaoyang Li
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
- School of Public Health of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yeqing Gu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongmei Wu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
- School of Public Health of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Liu
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuena Wang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
- School of Public Health of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
- School of Public Health of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaomei Sun
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiyu Jia
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kun Song
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kaijun Niu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
- School of Public Health of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
- Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li A, Yan J, Zhao Y, Yu Z, Tian S, Khan AH, Zhu Y, Wu A, Zhang C, Tian XL. Vascular Aging: Assessment and Intervention. Clin Interv Aging 2023; 18:1373-1395. [PMID: 37609042 PMCID: PMC10441648 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s423373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular aging represents a collection of structural and functional changes in a blood vessel with advancing age, including increased stiffness, vascular wall remodeling, loss of angiogenic ability, and endothelium-dependent vasodilation dysfunction. These age-related alterations may occur earlier in those who are at risk for or have cardiovascular diseases, therefore, are defined as early or premature vascular aging. Vascular aging contributes independently to cardio-cerebral vascular diseases (CCVDs). Thus, early diagnosis and interventions targeting vascular aging are of paramount importance in the delay or prevention of CCVDs. Here, we review the direct assessment of vascular aging by examining parameters that reflect changes in structure, function, or their compliance with age including arterial wall thickness and lumen diameter, endothelium-dependent vasodilation, arterial stiffness as well as indirect assessment through pathological studies of biomarkers including endothelial progenitor cell, lymphocytic telomeres, advanced glycation end-products, and C-reactive protein. Further, we evaluate how different types of interventions including lifestyle mediation, such as caloric restriction and salt intake, and treatments for hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia affect age-related vascular changes. As a single parameter or intervention targets only a certain vascular physiological change, it is recommended to use multiple parameters to evaluate and design intervention approaches accordingly to prevent systemic vascular aging in clinical practices or population-based studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ao Li
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, People’s Republic of China
- Aging and Vascular Diseases, Human Aging Research Institute (HARI) and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human Aging, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Yan
- Department of Geriatrics, Institute of Gerontology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ya Zhao
- Aging and Vascular Diseases, Human Aging Research Institute (HARI) and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human Aging, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenping Yu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human Aging, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shane Tian
- Department of Biochemistry/Chemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Abdul Haseeb Khan
- Aging and Vascular Diseases, Human Aging Research Institute (HARI) and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human Aging, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanzheng Zhu
- Aging and Vascular Diseases, Human Aging Research Institute (HARI) and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human Aging, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Andong Wu
- Aging and Vascular Diseases, Human Aging Research Institute (HARI) and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human Aging, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cuntai Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Institute of Gerontology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Li Tian
- Aging and Vascular Diseases, Human Aging Research Institute (HARI) and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human Aging, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vitale M, Giosuè A, Sieri S, Krogh V, Massimino E, Rivellese AA, Riccardi G, Vaccaro O, Masulli M. Legume Consumption and Blood Pressure Control in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension: Cross-Sectional Findings from the TOSCA.IT Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:2895. [PMID: 37447221 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our aims were to evaluate the relationship of habitual legume consumption with blood pressure (BP) control in a large cohort of people with T2D and hypertension, and to investigate whether specific nutritional components of legumes or other foods may contribute to regulate BP levels. METHODS We studied 1897 participants with T2D and hypertension. Dietary habits were assessed through a validated food frequency questionnaire. Sex-specific quartiles of legume consumption were created. RESULTS Higher legume consumption was associated with a lower intake of energy, carbohydrates, glycaemic load, alcohol, and sodium, and a significantly greater intake of proteins, fat, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, fibre, potassium, and polyphenols. Significantly lower systolic and diastolic BP values were observed in the highest vs. lowest quartile of legume consumption (132.9 ± 6.7 vs. 137.3 ± 7.0 mmHg, p < 0.001; 78.9 ± 4.1 vs. 81.0 ± 4.2 mmHg, p = 0.002; respectively), as well as the proportion of people meeting the treatment targets (61.3% vs. 37.4% and 71.3% vs. 52.4%, respectively, p < 0.01). This association was independent from other foods whose consumption is associated with the high legume intake. CONCLUSIONS In people with T2D and hypertension, three servings of legumes per week are associated with significantly better BP control. This gives further support to current dietary guidelines in recommending the frequent consumption of legumes, as a "ready-to-use" dietary strategy to achieve optimal BP control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Vitale
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Annalisa Giosuè
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sabina Sieri
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, 20121 Milan, Italy
| | - Vittorio Krogh
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, 20121 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Massimino
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Gabriele Riccardi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Olga Vaccaro
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Masulli
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ye Z, Wu Q, Yang S, Zhang Y, Zhou C, Liu M, Zhang Z, He P, Zhang Y, Li R, Li H, Liu C, Nie J, Hou FF, Qin X. Variety and quantity of dietary insoluble fiber intake from different sources and risk of new-onset hypertension. BMC Med 2023; 21:61. [PMID: 36797721 PMCID: PMC9933403 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02752-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relations of the variety and quantity of different sources of dietary insoluble fibers and hypertension remain uncertain. We aimed to investigate the associations between the variety and quantity of insoluble fibers intake from six major food sources and new-onset hypertension, using data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). METHODS Twelve thousand one hundred thirty-one participants without hypertension at baseline from CHNS were included. Dietary intake was measured by three consecutive 24-h dietary recalls combined with a household food inventory. The variety score of insoluble fiber sources was defined as the number of insoluble fiber sources consumed at the appropriate level, accounting for both types and quantities of insoluble fibers. The study outcome was new-onset hypertension, defined as blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg, or physician-diagnosed hypertension or receiving antihypertensive treatments during the follow-up. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 6.1 years, 4252 participants developed hypertension. There were L-shaped associations of dietary insoluble fibers derived from vegetables, beans, tubers, and fruits with new-onset hypertension; a reversed J-shaped association of whole grain-derived insoluble fiber with new-onset hypertension; and no obvious association of refined grain-derived insoluble fiber with new-onset hypertension. Therefore, refined grain was not included in the insoluble fiber variety score calculation. More importantly, a higher insoluble fiber variety score was significantly associated with lower risks of new-onset hypertension (per score increment, hazard ratio, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.45-0.55). CONCLUSIONS There was an inverse association between the variety of insoluble fibers with appropriate quantity from different food sources and new-onset hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziliang Ye
- Division of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qimeng Wu
- Division of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Sisi Yang
- Division of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Chun Zhou
- Division of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Mengyi Liu
- Division of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhuxian Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Panpan He
- Division of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Huan Li
- Division of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Chengzhang Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jing Nie
- Division of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Fan Fan Hou
- Division of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xianhui Qin
- Division of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
The Beneficial Effect of a Healthy Dietary Pattern on Androgen Deprivation Therapy-Related Metabolic Abnormalities in Patients with Prostate Cancer: A Meta-Analysis Based on Randomized Controlled Trials and Systematic Review. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12100969. [PMID: 36295871 PMCID: PMC9611951 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic abnormalities as side effects of androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) can accelerate progression of prostate cancer (PCa) and increase risks of cardiovascular diseases. A healthy dietary pattern (DP) plays an important role in regulating glycolipid metabolism, while evidence about DP on ADT-related metabolic abnormalities is still controversial. To explore the effect of DP on metabolic outcomes in PCa patients with ADT, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and CINAHL were searched from inception to 10 September 2022. Risk of biases was evaluated through Cochrane Collaboration’s Tool. If heterogeneity was low, the fixed-effects model was carried out; otherwise, the random-effects model was used. Data were determined by calculating mean difference (MD) or standardized MD (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Nine studies involving 421 patients were included. The results showed that healthy DP significantly improved glycated hemoglobin (MD: −0.13; 95% CI: −0.24, −0.02; p = 0.020), body mass index (MD: −1.02; 95% CI: −1.29, −0.75; p < 0.001), body fat mass (MD: −1.78; 95% CI: −2.58, −0.97; p < 0.001), triglyceride (MD: −0.28; 95% CI: −0.51, −0.04; p = 0.020), systolic blood pressure (MD: −6.30; 95% CI: −11.15, −1.44; p = 0.010), and diastolic blood pressure (MD: −2.94; 95% CI: −5.63, −0.25; p = 0.030), although its beneficial effects on other glycolipid metabolic indicators were not found. Additionally, a healthy DP also lowered the level of PSA (MD: −1.79; 95% CI: −2.25, −1.33; p < 0.001). The meta-analysis demonstrated that a healthy DP could improve ADT-related metabolic abnormalities and be worthy of being recommended for PCa patients with ADT.
Collapse
|
8
|
Li F, Jiang W, Wang J, Zhang T, Gu X, Zhai Y, Wu M, Xu L, Lin J. Beneficial Effects of Nut Consumption on Cognitive Function Among Elderly: Findings From a 6-Year Cohort Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:816443. [PMID: 35493926 PMCID: PMC9045130 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.816443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the longitudinal association of nut consumption with cognitive function in Chinese elderly. Methods We analyzed the data from Zhejiang Ageing and Health Cohort Study including 9,028 participants. Nut consumption was evaluated in baseline questionnaire beginning at 2014. Cognitive function was assessed repeatedly through the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) at baseline and three waves of follow-up (2015, 2016, and 2019–2020). Cognitive impairment was defined using education-specific cut-off points. Log-binomial regression models with the generalized estimating equations, controlled for an extensive range of potential confounders, were utilized to evaluate the association and estimate relative risk (RR). Results After 6 years of follow-up, 3,266 (36.18%) participants were indicated as cognitive impairment by MMSE at least once. Compared with non-consumers or less-than-weekly consumers, participants consuming ≥70 g/week of nuts had 17% lower risks of cognitive impairment (RR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.75–0.91), whereas no association was found in those consuming <70 g/week of nuts. Moreover, relatively infrequent higher-amount consuming (≥70 g within one consuming day each week) was not associated with better cognitive performance. Furthermore, we did not observe significant effect modification caused by frequency of other food intake. Conclusion Higher nut consumption was prospectively related to a lower risk of cognitive impairment in Chinese elderly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fudong Li
- Department of Public Health Surveillance and Advisory, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiping Jiang
- Department of Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Haiyan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junbiao Wang
- Department of Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Haiyan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Public Health Surveillance and Advisory, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xue Gu
- Department of Public Health Surveillance and Advisory, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yujia Zhai
- Department of Public Health Surveillance and Advisory, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengna Wu
- Department of Public Health Surveillance and Advisory, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Le Xu
- Department of Public Health Surveillance and Advisory, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junfen Lin
- Department of Public Health Surveillance and Advisory, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Junfen Lin,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Low JHM, Toh DWK, Ng MTT, Fam J, Kua EH, Kim JE. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Different Intensity of Dietary Counselling on Cardiometabolic Health in Middle-Aged and Older Adults. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13092936. [PMID: 34578814 PMCID: PMC8469488 DOI: 10.3390/nu13092936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary counselling has been identified as one of the nutritional strategies to alleviate cardiometabolic health conditions. Its effectiveness however may vary due to factors such as intensity level and provider while this has not been comprehensively studied. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the effects of dietary counselling on the cardiometabolic health in middle-aged and older adults and the sub-group analyses with dietary counselling intensity and the provider were also assessed. Four databases including PubMed, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, Cochrane Library and EMBASE were systematically searched. Data from 22 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were compiled and those from 9 RCTs were utilised for meta-analysis. Dietary counselling lowered total cholesterol (TC) and fasting blood sugar (FBS) but had no impact on triglycerides (TG) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Sub-group analysis revealed significant lowering effect of high intensity dietary counselling for TG (weighted mean difference (WMD): −0.24 mmol/L, 95% confidence intervals (CIs): −0.40 to −0.09), TC (WMD: −0.31 mmol/L, 95% CIs: −0.49 to −0.13), LDL (WMD: −0.39 mmol/L, 95% CIs: −0.61 to −0.16) and FBS (WMD: −0.69 mmol/L, 95% CIs: −0.99 to −0.40) while medium or low intensity dietary counselling did not show favouring effects. Counselling provider showed differential responses on cardiometabolic health between dietitian and all other groups. The findings from this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that dietary counselling is a beneficial dietary strategy to improve cardiometabolic health in middle-aged and older adults with the emphasis on the counselling intensity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Hui Min Low
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; (J.H.M.L.); (D.W.K.T.)
| | - Darel Wee Kiat Toh
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; (J.H.M.L.); (D.W.K.T.)
| | - Magdeline Tao Tao Ng
- National University of Singapore Libraries, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore;
| | - Johnson Fam
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (J.F.); (E.H.K.)
| | - Ee Heok Kua
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (J.F.); (E.H.K.)
| | - Jung Eun Kim
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; (J.H.M.L.); (D.W.K.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-6516-1136
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Smeets ETHC, Mensink RP, Joris PJ. Dietary macronutrients do not differently affect postprandial vascular endothelial function in apparently healthy overweight and slightly obese men. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:1443-1451. [PMID: 32728881 PMCID: PMC7987601 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02340-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Well-designed trials comparing side-by-side effects of macronutrients on postprandial endothelial function are missing. Therefore, we investigated under well-controlled and isocaloric condition effects of fat, carbohydrates, and protein on postprandial endothelial function as assessed by brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), an important non-invasive technique to assess endothelial function. Methods Eighteen apparently healthy overweight and slightly obese men (BMI 26.0–35.0 kg/m2) completed this randomized, double-blinded, cross-over trial. The study consisted of three test days each separated by a wash-out period of at least 1 week. After an overnight fast, men received an isocaloric meal providing 3987 kJ (953 kcal) that was either high in dietary fat (En% fat [F]/carbohydrates [C]/protein [P]: 52.3, 39.2, 8.0), carbohydrates (En% F/C/P: 9.6, 81.5, 8.6), or protein (En% F/C/P: 10.6, 51.5, 36.9). Fasting and 2-h postprandial FMD responses were measured. Results A postprandial decrease of 1.2% point in FMD was observed after the high-protein meal (P = 0.015). However, postprandial changes did not differ between meals (P = 0.45). An increase in baseline brachial artery diameters was observed after the high-protein meal (P < 0.001) and changes differed between meals (P = 0.020). A meal*time interaction was found for plasma glucose concentrations, with the most pronounced increases after the high-carbohydrate meal at T15, T30, T60, and T90 (P < 0.05). A significant time and meal (P < 0.001), but no time*meal effect (P = 0.06) was found for serum insulin concentrations. Increases in serum triacylglycerol concentrations did not differ between meals (P = 0.014). Conclusion Macronutrients did not differently affect postprandial endothelial function in apparently healthy overweight and slightly obese men. Trial registration Trial registration number (ClinicalTrials.gov) NCT03139890 in May 2017 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00394-020-02340-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen T H C Smeets
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald P Mensink
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J Joris
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ozemek C, Hildreth KL, Blatchford PJ, Hurt KJ, Bok R, Seals DR, Kohrt WM, Moreau KL. Effects of resveratrol or estradiol on postexercise endothelial function in estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 128:739-747. [PMID: 32134713 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00488.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular exercise enhances endothelial function in older men, but not consistently in estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women. Estradiol treatment improves basal endothelial function and restores improvements in endothelial function (flow-mediated dilation, FMD) to aerobic exercise training in postmenopausal women; however, estradiol treatment is controversial. Resveratrol, an estrogen receptor ligand, enhances exercise training effects on cardiovascular function and nitric oxide (NO) release in animal models, but impairs exercise training effects in men. We conducted a randomized cross-over, double-blinded, placebo-controlled pilot study to determine whether acute (single dose) resveratrol (250-mg tablet) or estradiol (0.05 mg/day transdermal patch) treatment enhances FMD at rest and after a single bout of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise in healthy estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women (n = 15, 58.1 ± 3.2 yr). FMD was measured before and after (30, 60, and 120 min) a 40-min bout of moderate-intensity treadmill exercise (60-75% peak heart rate) under the respective conditions (separated by 1-2 wk). FMD was higher (P < 0.05) before exercise and at all post-exercise time points in the resveratrol and estradiol conditions compared to placebo. FMD was increased from baseline by 120 min postexercise in the estradiol condition (P < 0.001), but not resveratrol or PL conditions. Consistent with our previous findings, estradiol also enhances endothelial function in response to acute endurance exercise. Although resveratrol improved basal FMD, there was no apparent enhancement of FMD to acute exercise and, therefore, may not act as an estradiol mimetic.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The benefits of endurance exercise training on endothelial function are diminished in estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women, but estradiol treatment appears to restore improvements in endothelial function in this group. We show that basal endothelial function is enhanced with both acute estradiol and resveratrol treatments in estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women, but endothelial function is only enhanced following acute endurance exercise with estradiol treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cemal Ozemek
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kerry L Hildreth
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Patrick J Blatchford
- Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Denver, Colorado.,Colorado Biostatistical Consortium, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | - K Joseph Hurt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Rachael Bok
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Douglas R Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Wendy M Kohrt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Denver, Colorado
| | - Kerrie L Moreau
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Denver, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Louala S, Lamri-Senhadji M. Beneficial Effects of Low-Calorie-Carbohydrate/High-Agar Diet on Cardiometabolic Disorders Associated with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Obese Rats. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2019; 24:400-409. [PMID: 31915635 PMCID: PMC6941718 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2019.24.4.400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy restriction and low carbohydrate diets are recommended as nutrition therapies to prevent becoming overweight or obese. However, their beneficial effects in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are less well investigated. In addition, the effects of the type of polysaccharides incorporated into these diets and their contents have been scarcely studied. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate whether low-calorie-carbohydrate high-agar diets could improve liver metabolic dysfunction, membrane fluidity, oxidative damage, and endothelial dysfunction in obese rats. Obesity was induced by feeding rats a high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks. The obese rats were then divided into two homogenous groups: the first group was fed low-calorie-carbohydrate/high-agar diet (LCC/HA) and the second continued to consume the HFD for 4 weeks [obese control (Ob-C)]. Normo-ponderal rats were fed a normal diet during the entire study, and were used as the control (N-C). Compared with the Ob-C group, body weight, hepatic lipids, low density lipoproteins cholesterol (C), the non esterified cholesterol/phospholipids ratio, serum transaminases activities, and lipid peroxidation markers (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and lipid hydroperoxides) were reduced in LCC/HA group (P<0.05). However, the serum concentration of high density lipoproteins-C was enhanced (P<0.05). In addition, we observed improved antioxidant defence and endothelial dysfunction associated with antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase (P<0.05), and nitric oxide level (P<0.05). These findings suggest that hypocaloric diets low in energy and carbohydrates and rich in agar may be beneficial against HFD-induced hepatic steatosis damage, and may be a promising therapeutic strategy to counteract NAFLD development associated with obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrine Louala
- Laboratory of Clinical and Metabolic Nutrition (LNCM), Department Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University Oran 1, Oran 31100, Algeria
| | - Myriem Lamri-Senhadji
- Laboratory of Clinical and Metabolic Nutrition (LNCM), Department Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University Oran 1, Oran 31100, Algeria
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Whisner CM, Angadi SS, Weltman NY, Weltman A, Rodriguez J, Patrie JT, Gaesser GA. Effects of Low-Fat and High-Fat Meals, with and without Dietary Fiber, on Postprandial Endothelial Function, Triglyceridemia, and Glycemia in Adolescents. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112626. [PMID: 31684015 PMCID: PMC6893531 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of fiber-rich foods may negate the deleterious effects of high-fat meals on postprandial triglyceridemia and endothelial function. Despite supportive data in adults, little is known about the effects of high-fat and high-fiber foods on cardiovascular health parameters in pediatric populations. In this crossover trial, male and female adolescents (n = 10; 14.1 + 2.6 years; range 10–17 years) consumed (1) low-fat, low-fiber, (2) low-fat, high-fiber, (3) high-fat, low-fiber, and (4) high-fat, high-fiber breakfast meals in randomized order, each following an overnight fast. Baseline and 4 h post-meal blood was obtained for determination of glucose, insulin and triglyceride concentrations. Endothelial function was assessed via brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Postprandial FMD was not significantly changed after any meal. However, regression analyses revealed a significant inverse relationship between the change in 4 h triglyceride concentration and change in 4 h FMD for the high-fat, low-fiber meal (β = −0.087; 95% CI = −0.138 to −0.037; p = 0.001) that was no longer significant in the high-fat, high-fiber meal (β = −0.044; 95% CI = −0.117 to 0.029; p = 0.227). Interpretation of these analyses must be qualified by acknowledging that between-meal comparison revealed that the two regression lines were not statistically different (p = 0.226). Addition of high-fiber cereal to the high-fat meal also reduced 4 h postprandial triglyceride increases by ~50% (p = 0.056). A high-fiber breakfast cereal did not attenuate postprandial glucose and insulin responses after consumption of a low-fat meal. While further work is needed to confirm these results in larger cohorts, our findings indicate the potential importance of cereal fiber in blunting the inverse relationship between postprandial hypertriglyceridemia and FMD after consumption of a high-fat meal in adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corrie M Whisner
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 550 N Third St., Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
| | - Siddhartha S Angadi
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 550 N Third St., Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
| | - Nathan Y Weltman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Management, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Arthur Weltman
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.
| | | | - James T Patrie
- Department of Public Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.
| | - Glenn A Gaesser
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 550 N Third St., Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gaesser GA, Rodriguez J, Patrie JT, Whisner CM, Angadi SS. Effects of Glycemic Index and Cereal Fiber on Postprandial Endothelial Function, Glycemia, and Insulinemia in Healthy Adults. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102387. [PMID: 31590437 PMCID: PMC6835298 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Both glycemic index and dietary fiber are associated with cardiovascular disease risk, which may be related in part to postprandial vascular effects. We examined the effects of both glycemic index (GI) and dietary (mainly cereal) fiber on postprandial endothelial function. Eleven adults (5 men; 6 women; age = 42.4 ± 16.1 years; weight = 70.5 ± 10.7 kg; height = 173.7 ± 8.7 cm) consumed four different breakfast meals on separate, randomized occasions: High-Fiber, Low-GI (HF-LGI: Fiber = 20.4 g; GI = 44); Low-Fiber, Low-GI (LF-LGI: Fiber = 4.3 g; GI = 43); Low-Fiber, High-GI (LF-HGI: Fiber = 3.6 g; GI = 70); High-Fiber, High-GI (HF-HGI: Fiber = 20.3 g; GI = 71). Meals were equal in total kcal (~600) and macronutrient composition (~90 g digestible carbohydrate; ~21 g protein; ~15 g fat). The HF-LGI meal resulted in a significant increase in flow-mediated dilation (FMD) 4 h after meal ingestion (7.8% ± 5.9% to 13.2% ± 5.5%; p = 0.02). FMD was not changed after the other meals. Regardless of fiber content, low-GI meals resulted in ~9% lower 4-h glucose area under curve (AUC) (p < 0.05). The HF-LGI meal produced the lowest 4-h insulin AUC, which was ~43% lower than LF-HGI and HF-HGI (p < 0.001), and 28% lower than LF-LGI (p = 0.02). We conclude that in healthy adults, a meal with low GI and high in cereal fiber enhances postprandial endothelial function. Although the effect of a low-GI meal on reducing postprandial glucose AUC was independent of fiber, the effect of a low-GI meal on reducing postprandial insulin AUC was augmented by cereal fiber.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Glenn A Gaesser
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
| | | | - James T Patrie
- Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.
| | - Corrie M Whisner
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
| | - Siddhartha S Angadi
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jane M, McKay J, Pal S. Effects of daily consumption of psyllium, oat bran and polyGlycopleX on obesity-related disease risk factors: A critical review. Nutrition 2019; 57:84-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
16
|
Das EK, Lai PY, Robinson AT, Pleuss J, Ali MM, Haus JM, Gutterman DD, Phillips SA. Regular Aerobic, Resistance, and Cross-Training Exercise Prevents Reduced Vascular Function Following a High Sugar or High Fat Mixed Meal in Young Healthy Adults. Front Physiol 2018; 9:183. [PMID: 29568273 PMCID: PMC5853082 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The postprandial state can negatively influence flow mediated dilation (FMD), a predictor of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. This investigation was designed to determine the effect of regular aerobic and/or resistance exercise on postprandial FMD after a high sugar or high fat mixed meal. Forty-five healthy participants were recruited from one of four groups: lean sedentary (SED), runners, weight lifters, and cross-trainers. Participants were randomly crossed over to a high sugar meal (HSM) and a high fat mixed meal (HFMM; both fat and carbohydrate). Pre-and postprandial endothelial function was assessed for both meals using brachial artery FMD. Plasma lipids, insulin, glucose, hs-CRP, and SOD were also measured with both meals. Endothelium-independent dilation was determined via sublingual nitroglycerin. Brachial artery FMD was reduced in SED following the HSM (9.9 ± 0.9% at baseline, peak reduction at 60 min 6.5 ± 1.0%) and the HFMM (9.4 ± 0.9% at baseline, peak reduction at 120 min 5.9 ± 1.2%; P < 0.05 for both, Mean ± SEM). There was no change in FMD after either HSM or HFMM in runners, weight lifters, and cross-trainers. Post-prandial increases in blood glucose, insulin and triglycerides were less pronounced in the exercisers compared to SED. In addition, exercisers presented lower baseline plasma hs-CRP and higher SOD activity. Nitroglycerin responses were similar among groups. These results suggest that endothelial function is reduced in sedentary adults after a HSM or HFMM, but not in regular aerobic or resistance exercisers. This response may be due to favorable postprandial metabolic responses or lower postprandial levels of inflammation and oxidative stress. These findings may help to explain the cardioprotective effect of exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emon K Das
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center and Clinical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Pui Y Lai
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center and Clinical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Austin T Robinson
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States.,Integrative Physiology Laboratory, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Joan Pleuss
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center and Clinical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Mohamed M Ali
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States.,Integrative Physiology Laboratory, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jacob M Haus
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States.,Integrative Physiology Laboratory, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - David D Gutterman
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center and Clinical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Shane A Phillips
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center and Clinical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Physical Therapy, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States.,Integrative Physiology Laboratory, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
Kelly SA, Hartley L, Loveman E, Colquitt JL, Jones HM, Al-Khudairy L, Clar C, Germanò R, Lunn HR, Frost G, Rees K. Whole grain cereals for the primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 8:CD005051. [PMID: 28836672 PMCID: PMC6484378 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd005051.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence from observational studies that whole grains can have a beneficial effect on risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Earlier versions of this review found mainly short-term intervention studies. There are now longer-term randomised controlled trials (RCTs) available. This is an update and expansion of the original review conducted in 2007. OBJECTIVES The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effect of whole grain foods or diets on total mortality, cardiovascular events, and cardiovascular risk factors (blood lipids, blood pressure) in healthy people or people who have established cardiovascular disease or related risk factors, using all eligible RCTs. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL (Issue 8, 2016) in the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE (1946 to 31 August 2016), Embase (1980 to week 35 2016), and CINAHL Plus (1937 to 31 August 2016) on 31 August 2016. We also searched ClinicalTrials.gov on 5 July 2017 and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (WHO ICTRP) on 6 July 2017. We checked reference lists of relevant articles and applied no language restrictions. SELECTION CRITERIA We selected RCTs assessing the effects of whole grain foods or diets containing whole grains compared to foods or diets with a similar composition, over a minimum of 12 weeks, on cardiovascular disease and related risk factors. Eligible for inclusion were healthy adults, those at increased risk of CVD, or those previously diagnosed with CVD. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently selected studies. Data were extracted and quality-checked by one review author and checked by a second review author. A second review author checked the analyses. We assessed treatment effect using mean difference in a fixed-effect model and heterogeneity using the I2 statistic and the Chi2 test of heterogeneity. We assessed the overall quality of evidence using GRADE with GRADEpro software. MAIN RESULTS We included nine RCTs randomising a total of 1414 participants (age range 24 to 70; mean age 45 to 59, where reported) to whole grain versus lower whole grain or refined grain control groups. We found no studies that reported the effect of whole grain diets on total cardiovascular mortality or cardiovascular events (total myocardial infarction, unstable angina, coronary artery bypass graft surgery, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, total stroke). All included studies reported the effect of whole grain diets on risk factors for cardiovascular disease including blood lipids and blood pressure. All studies were in primary prevention populations and had an unclear or high risk of bias, and no studies had an intervention duration greater than 16 weeks.Overall, we found no difference between whole grain and control groups for total cholesterol (mean difference 0.07, 95% confidence interval -0.07 to 0.21; 6 studies (7 comparisons); 722 participants; low-quality evidence).Using GRADE, we assessed the overall quality of the available evidence on cholesterol as low. Four studies were funded by independent national and government funding bodies, while the remaining studies reported funding or partial funding by organisations with commercial interests in cereals. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is insufficient evidence from RCTs of an effect of whole grain diets on cardiovascular outcomes or on major CVD risk factors such as blood lipids and blood pressure. Trials were at unclear or high risk of bias with small sample sizes and relatively short-term interventions, and the overall quality of the evidence was low. There is a need for well-designed, adequately powered RCTs with longer durations assessing cardiovascular events as well as cardiovascular risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Am Kelly
- Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, School of Clinical Medicine, Box 113 Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK, CB2 0SR
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bernardes N, Ayyappan P, De Angelis K, Bagchi A, Akolkar G, da Silva Dias D, Belló-Klein A, Singal PK. Excessive consumption of fructose causes cardiometabolic dysfunctions through oxidative stress and inflammation. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:1078-1090. [PMID: 28187269 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A rapid rise in obesity, as well as physical inactivity, in industrialized countries is associated with fructose-consumption-mediated metabolic syndrome having a strong association with cardiovascular disease. Although insulin resistance is thought to be at the core, visceral obesity, hypertension, and hypertriglyceridemia are also considered important components of this metabolic disorder. In addition, various other abnormalities such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and elevated levels of uric acid are also part of this syndrome. Lifestyle changes through improved physical activity, as well as nutrition, are important approaches to minimize metabolic syndrome and its deleterious effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Bernardes
- a Universidade Nove de Julho, Diretoria de Mestrado, Av. Francisco Matatazzo, 612, 10 andar, Centro de Pos Graduacao Stricto Sensu, Barra Funda, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Prathapan Ayyappan
- b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Katia De Angelis
- a Universidade Nove de Julho, Diretoria de Mestrado, Av. Francisco Matatazzo, 612, 10 andar, Centro de Pos Graduacao Stricto Sensu, Barra Funda, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ashim Bagchi
- b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Gauri Akolkar
- b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Danielle da Silva Dias
- a Universidade Nove de Julho, Diretoria de Mestrado, Av. Francisco Matatazzo, 612, 10 andar, Centro de Pos Graduacao Stricto Sensu, Barra Funda, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriane Belló-Klein
- c Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Science (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Pawan K Singal
- b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Thom NJ, Early AR, Hunt BE, Harris RA, Herring MP. Eating and arterial endothelial function: a meta-analysis of the acute effects of meal consumption on flow-mediated dilation. Obes Rev 2016; 17:1080-1090. [PMID: 27469597 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Given that endothelial dysfunction precedes atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, exploring the parameters that modify postprandial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) is important for public health. The objectives of the study are to estimate the population effect of meal ingestion on FMD and to determine how the effect varied based on patient characteristics and modifiable methodological features. Articles published before June 2015 were located using MEDLINE, PubMed and Web of Science. One hundred fifty-four effects were derived from 78 articles involving 2,548 subjects were selected. Included articles required measurement of FMD in adults before and after meal ingestion. Effects were analysed using an unstandardized mean gain random effects model, and significant moderators were analysed using meta-regression. Meal consumption significantly reduced FMD by a heterogeneous mean effect size delta (Δ) of -2.03 (95% CI: [-2.28, -1.77]), an ~2% reduction in FMD. FMD reductions were larger among normal weight individuals, males, those with a cardio-metabolic disorder, those with elevated baseline FMD, and individuals with impaired glucose tolerance at baseline. Macronutrient meal ingestion significantly reduced FMD, an effect that was moderated by body mass index, sex and two-way interactions between disease status and both baseline FMD and baseline blood glucose levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N J Thom
- Department of Biology, Wheaton College, Wheaton, IL, USA.
| | - A R Early
- Applied Health Science Department, Wheaton College, Wheaton, IL, USA
| | - B E Hunt
- Applied Health Science Department, Wheaton College, Wheaton, IL, USA
| | - R A Harris
- Georgia Prevention Institute, August University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - M P Herring
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wycherley TP, Thompson CH, Buckley JD, Luscombe-Marsh ND, Noakes M, Wittert GA, Brinkworth GD. Long-term effects of weight loss with a very-low carbohydrate, low saturated fat diet on flow mediated dilatation in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomised controlled trial. Atherosclerosis 2016; 252:28-31. [PMID: 27494448 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.07.908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Very-low carbohydrate diets can improve glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, compared to traditional higher carbohydrate, low fat (HighCHO) diets, they have been associated with impaired endothelial function (measured by flow mediated dilatation [FMD]) that is possibly related to saturated fat. This study aimed to examine the effects of a 12-month hypocaloric very-low carbohydrate, low saturated fat (LowCHO) diet compared to an isocaloric HighCHO diet. METHODS One hundred and fifteen obese patients with T2DM (age:58.4 ± 0.7 [SEM] yr, BMI:34.6 ± 0.4 kg/m(2), HbA1c:7.33 [56.3 mmol/mol] ± 0.10%) were randomised to consume an energy restricted LowCHO diet (Carb:Pro:Fat:Sat-Fat 14:28:58: < 10% energy; n = 58) or isocaloric HighCHO diet (53:17:30: < 10%; n = 57) whilst undertaking exercise (60 min, 3/wk). Bodyweight, HbA1c and FMD were assessed. RESULTS Seventy eight participants completed the intervention (LowCHO = 41, HighCHO = 37). Both groups experienced similar reductions in weight and HbA1c (-10.6 ± 0.7 kg, -1.05 ± 0.10%; p < 0.001 time, p ≥ 0.48 time × diet). FMD did not change (p = 0.11 time, p = 0.20 time × diet). CONCLUSIONS In patients with obesity and T2DM, HighCHO diet and LowCHO diet have similar effects on endothelial function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Wycherley
- Centre for Population Health Research, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Jonathan D Buckley
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Natalie D Luscombe-Marsh
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) - Food and Nutrition, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Manny Noakes
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) - Food and Nutrition, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Gary A Wittert
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Grant D Brinkworth
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) - Food and Nutrition, Adelaide, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jahn LA, Hartline L, Rao N, Logan B, Kim JJ, Aylor K, Gan LM, Westergren HU, Barrett EJ. Insulin Enhances Endothelial Function Throughout the Arterial Tree in Healthy But Not Metabolic Syndrome Subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:1198-206. [PMID: 26756115 PMCID: PMC4803154 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-3293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Insulin reportedly impairs endothelial function in conduit arteries but improves it in resistance and microvascular arterioles in healthy humans. No studies have assessed endothelial function at three arterial levels in healthy or metabolic syndrome (METSYN) subjects. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to compare endothelial responsiveness of conduit arteries, resistance, and microvascular arterioles to insulin in healthy and METSYN subjects. DESIGN We assessed conduit, resistance, and microvascular arterial function in the postabsorptive and postprandial states and during euglycemic hyperinsulinemia (insulin clamp). SETTING The study was conducted at a clinical research unit. PARTICIPANTS Age-matched healthy and METSYN subjects participated in the study. INTERVENTIONS We used brachial flow-mediated dilation, forearm postischemic flow velocity, and contrast-enhanced ultrasound to assess the conduit artery, resistance arteriole, and microvascular arteriolar endothelial function, respectively. We also assessed the conduit artery stiffness (pulse wave velocity and augmentation index) and measured the plasma concentrations of 92 cardiovascular disease biomarkers at baseline and after the clamp. RESULTS Postabsorptive and postprandial endothelial function was similar in controls and METSYN in all tested vessels. METSYN subjects were metabolically insulin resistant (P < .005). In controls, but not METSYN subjects, during euglycemic hyperinsulinemia, endothelial function improved at each level of arterial vasculature (P < .05 or less for each). Conduit vessel stiffness (pulse wave velocity) was increased in the METSYN group. Twelve of 92 biomarkers differed at baseline (P < .001) and remained different at the end of the insulin clamp. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that insulin enhances arterial endothelial function in health but not in METSYN, and this vascular insulin resistance may underlie its increased cardiovascular disease risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda A Jahn
- Departments of Medicine (L.A.J., L.H., N.R., B.L., J.J.K., K.A., E.J.B.) and Pharmacology (E.J.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908; Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (L.-M.G., H.U.W.), Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; and CVMD iMED (L.-M.G.), Department of Research and Development, AstraZeneca, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Lee Hartline
- Departments of Medicine (L.A.J., L.H., N.R., B.L., J.J.K., K.A., E.J.B.) and Pharmacology (E.J.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908; Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (L.-M.G., H.U.W.), Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; and CVMD iMED (L.-M.G.), Department of Research and Development, AstraZeneca, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Nagashree Rao
- Departments of Medicine (L.A.J., L.H., N.R., B.L., J.J.K., K.A., E.J.B.) and Pharmacology (E.J.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908; Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (L.-M.G., H.U.W.), Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; and CVMD iMED (L.-M.G.), Department of Research and Development, AstraZeneca, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Brent Logan
- Departments of Medicine (L.A.J., L.H., N.R., B.L., J.J.K., K.A., E.J.B.) and Pharmacology (E.J.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908; Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (L.-M.G., H.U.W.), Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; and CVMD iMED (L.-M.G.), Department of Research and Development, AstraZeneca, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Justin J Kim
- Departments of Medicine (L.A.J., L.H., N.R., B.L., J.J.K., K.A., E.J.B.) and Pharmacology (E.J.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908; Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (L.-M.G., H.U.W.), Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; and CVMD iMED (L.-M.G.), Department of Research and Development, AstraZeneca, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kevin Aylor
- Departments of Medicine (L.A.J., L.H., N.R., B.L., J.J.K., K.A., E.J.B.) and Pharmacology (E.J.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908; Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (L.-M.G., H.U.W.), Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; and CVMD iMED (L.-M.G.), Department of Research and Development, AstraZeneca, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Li-Ming Gan
- Departments of Medicine (L.A.J., L.H., N.R., B.L., J.J.K., K.A., E.J.B.) and Pharmacology (E.J.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908; Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (L.-M.G., H.U.W.), Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; and CVMD iMED (L.-M.G.), Department of Research and Development, AstraZeneca, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Helena U Westergren
- Departments of Medicine (L.A.J., L.H., N.R., B.L., J.J.K., K.A., E.J.B.) and Pharmacology (E.J.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908; Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (L.-M.G., H.U.W.), Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; and CVMD iMED (L.-M.G.), Department of Research and Development, AstraZeneca, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Eugene J Barrett
- Departments of Medicine (L.A.J., L.H., N.R., B.L., J.J.K., K.A., E.J.B.) and Pharmacology (E.J.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908; Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (L.-M.G., H.U.W.), Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; and CVMD iMED (L.-M.G.), Department of Research and Development, AstraZeneca, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Total, insoluble and soluble dietary fibre intake in relation to blood pressure: the INTERMAP Study. Br J Nutr 2015; 114:1480-6. [PMID: 26328746 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515003098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Prospective cohort studies have shown inverse associations between fibre intake and CVD, possibly mediated by blood pressure (BP). However, little is known about the impact of types of fibre on BP. We examined cross-sectional associations with BP of total, insoluble and soluble fibre intakes. Data were used from the INTERnational study on MAcro/micronutrients and blood Pressure (INTERMAP) study, including 2195 men and women aged between 40 and 59 years from the USA. During four visits, eight BP, four 24 h dietary recalls and two 24 h urine samples were collected. Linear regression models adjusted for lifestyle and dietary confounders to estimate BP differences per 2 sd higher intakes of total and individual types of fibre were calculated. After multivariable adjustment, total fibre intake higher by 6·8 g/4184 kJ (6·8 g/1000 kcal) was associated with a 1·69 mmHg lower systolic blood pressure (SBP; 95% CI -2·97, -0·41) and attenuated to -1·01 mmHg (95% CI -2·35, 0·34) after adjustment for urinary K. Insoluble fibre intake higher by 4·6 g/4184 kJ (4·6 g/1000 kcal) was associated with a 1·81 mmHg lower SBP (95% CI -3·65, 0·04), additionally adjusted for soluble fibre and urinary K excretion, whereas soluble fibre was not associated with BP. Raw fruit was the main source of total and insoluble fibre, followed by whole grains and vegetables. In conclusion, higher intakes of fibre, especially insoluble, may contribute to lower BP, independent of nutrients associated with higher intakes of fibre-rich foods.
Collapse
|
24
|
Tripkovic L, Muirhead NC, Hart KH, Frost GS, Lodge JK. The effects of a diet rich in inulin or wheat fibre on markers of cardiovascular disease in overweight male subjects. J Hum Nutr Diet 2014; 28:476-85. [PMID: 24919604 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies suggest that the beneficial health effects of a diet rich in whole grains could be a result of the individual fibres found in the grain. The present study aimed to investigate the influence of a diet high in either wheat fibre (as an example of an insoluble fibre) or inulin (a nondigestible carbohydrate) on markers of cardiovascular disease. METHODS Ten male participants classified as at higher risk of cardiovascular disease [mean (SD) body mass index 30.2 (3) kg m(-2) , mean (SD) waist circumference 106.4 (7) cm, mean (SD) age 39.8 (9) years] were recruited to a randomised, controlled, cross-over study comparing the consumption of bespoke bread rolls containing either inulin, wheat germ or refined grain (control) (15 g day(-1) ) for 4 weeks with a 4-week washout period between each regime. At the end of each regime, participants underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), measures of pulse wave velocity (PWV), 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (AMBP), plasma lipid status and markers of glucose control. RESULTS There was no difference in measures of glucose control, lipid status, 24-h AMBP or PWV after the intervention periods and no changes compared to baseline. There was no significant difference between OGTT glucose and insulin time profiles; however, there was a significant difference in area under the curves between the wheat fibre and control interventions when comparing change from baseline (control +10.2%, inulin +4.3%, wheat fibre -2.5%; P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Only limited differences between the interventions were identified, perhaps as a consequence of the amount of fibre used and intervention length. The wheat germ intervention resulted in a significant reduction in glucose area under the curve, suggesting that this fibre may aid glucose control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Tripkovic
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - N C Muirhead
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - K H Hart
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - G S Frost
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.,Department of Medicine, Imperial College, University of London, London, UK
| | - J K Lodge
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.,Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Ellison Building, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Nuts are rich in many nutrients that can benefit multiple cardiometabolic functions, including arterial compliance, blood pressure, inflammation, glucoregulation and endothelial vasodilatation. Impaired vasodilatation may contribute to impaired cognitive performance due to poor cerebral perfusion. The present narrative review examines associations between nut consumption, vascular health and cognitive function. It includes a systematic search which identified seventy-one epidemiological or intervention studies in which effects of chronic nut consumption on blood pressure, glucoregulation, endothelial vasodilator function, arterial compliance, inflammatory biomarkers and cognitive performance were evaluated. Weighted mean changes were estimated where data were available; they indicate that nut consumption reduces blood pressure and improves glucoregulation, endothelial vasodilator function and inflammation, whilst a limited number of studies suggest that nut consumption may also improve cognitive performance. Further clinical trials are warranted to explore relationships between nut consumption, endothelial function and cognitive function.
Collapse
|
26
|
van de Laar RJJ, Stehouwer CDA, van Bussel BCT, te Velde SJ, Prins MH, Twisk JWR, Ferreira I. Lower lifetime dietary fiber intake is associated with carotid artery stiffness: the Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 96:14-23. [PMID: 22623748 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.111.024703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fiber intake is associated with lower cardiovascular disease risk. Whether arterial stiffness is influenced by lifetime fiber intake is not known. Any such association could explain, at least in part, the cardioprotective effects attributed to fiber intake. OBJECTIVE The objective was to investigate whether a lower intake of fiber (and fiber-rich foods) throughout the course of young life (ie, from adolescence to adulthood) is associated with arterial stiffness in adulthood. DESIGN This was a longitudinal cohort study among 373 participants in whom dietary intake was assessed between the ages of 13 to 36 y (2-8 repeated measures, median of 5), and arterial stiffness estimates of 3 large arteries (ultrasonography) were ascertained at age 36 y. RESULTS After adjustment for sex, height, total energy intake, and other lifestyle variables, subjects with stiffer carotid arteries consumed less fiber (in g/d) during the 24-y study than did those with less stiff carotid arteries, as defined on the basis of the highest compared with the lowest sex-specific tertiles of the distensibility and compliance coefficients (reversed) and Young's elastic modulus: -1.9 (95% CI: -3.1, -0.7), -2.3 (-3.5, -1.1), and -1.3 (-2.5, -0.0), respectively. Furthermore, subjects with stiffer carotid arteries were characterized by a lower lifetime consumption of fruit, vegetables, and whole grains-deleterious associations that could be explained, to a great extent, by related low fiber intake. CONCLUSIONS Lower lifetime intake of fiber during the course of young age is associated with carotid artery stiffness in adulthood. Promoting consumption of fiber-rich foods among the young may offer a means to prevent accelerated arterial stiffening in adulthood and related cardiovascular sequelae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roel J J van de Laar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kubena KS. Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents: Issues and Opportunities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 111:1674-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jada.2011.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
28
|
The effects of 12-week psyllium fibre supplementation or healthy diet on blood pressure and arterial stiffness in overweight and obese individuals. Br J Nutr 2011; 107:725-34. [PMID: 21787454 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511003497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction and increased arterial stiffness occur early in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome and they are both powerful independent predictors of cardiovascular risk. A high-fibre diet has been correlated with lower BMI and a lower incidence of hyperlipidaemia, CVD, hypertension and diabetes. The present randomised, parallel-design study compared the effects of fibre intake from a healthy diet v. fibre supplement diets on blood pressure (BP) and vascular function over 12 weeks. Overweight and obese adults were randomised to one of three groups: control (with placebo), fibre supplement (FIB) or healthy eating group with placebo (HLT). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was lower in the FIB group compared with the control group at week 6, but not at week 12. However, SBP was lower in the HLT group compared with control group at week 12. At week 6, the FIB group presented lower diastolic blood pressure and augmentation index compared with the control group, but this result did not persist to the end of the study. The present study did not show any improvements in BP or vascular function in overweight and obese individuals with psyllium fibre supplementation over 12 weeks of intervention. However, a healthy diet provided the greatest improvements in BP in overweight and obese subjects. Further research with hypertensive individuals is necessary to elucidate whether increased fibre consumption in the form of psyllium supplementation may provide a safe and acceptable means to reduce BP, vascular function and the risk of developing CVD.
Collapse
|
29
|
XIAO HONGBO, LU XIANGYANG, SUN ZHILIANG, HU YAPING, BAI XIA, ZHANG MINGJUN, CHEN XIAOJUN. PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF SOLUBLE FIBER FROM UNDARIA PINNATIFIDA ON VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM IN MICE. J Food Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2010.00516.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
30
|
Li S, Guerin-Deremaux L, Pochat M, Wils D, Reifer C, Miller LE. NUTRIOSE dietary fiber supplementation improves insulin resistance and determinants of metabolic syndrome in overweight men: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2010; 35:773-82. [DOI: 10.1139/h10-074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The influence of dietary fiber on determinants of metabolic syndrome is controversial. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of NUTRIOSE supplementation on insulin resistance and the determinants of metabolic syndrome in overweight men. In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study, we supplemented the diets of overweight Chinese men with 250 mL of fruit juice that contained NUTRIOSE (Test group: n = 60, age = 30.4 ± 4.3 years, body mass index (BMI) = 24.5 ± 0.2 kg·m–2) or a maltodextrin placebo (Control group: n = 60, age = 31.6 ± 4.1 years, BMI = 24.5 ± 0.3 kg·m–2) at a dosage of 17 g twice daily for 12 weeks. Daily caloric intake, body composition, blood chemistry, and blood pressure were evaluated every 4 weeks during the trial. Test subjects consumed fewer calories per day and had greater reductions in body weight, BMI, body fat percentage, and waist circumference than Control subjects. All markers of glucose metabolism improved in the Test group, with increases in adiponectin and reductions in glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance, glycosylated hemoglobin, and glycated albumin (all p < 0.01). Similarly, all lipid measures improved with increases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and reductions in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides (all p < 0.01). No changes were observed in systolic blood pressure between groups. Most components of glucose metabolism and the lipid profile were significantly better in the Test than in the Control subjects. No adverse events or gastrointestinal complaints were reported in either group. Supplementation with NUTRIOSE for 12 weeks is well tolerated, lowers insulin resistance, and improves determinants of metabolic syndrome in overweight men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuguang Li
- Tongji University Medical College, Institute of Nutrition, Health and Food, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, China
- Roquette Frères, Biology and Nutrition Department, 62080 Lestrem, France
- SPRIM Advanced Life Sciences, 235 Pine Street, Suite 1175, San Francisco, CA 94104, USA
| | - Laetitia Guerin-Deremaux
- Tongji University Medical College, Institute of Nutrition, Health and Food, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, China
- Roquette Frères, Biology and Nutrition Department, 62080 Lestrem, France
- SPRIM Advanced Life Sciences, 235 Pine Street, Suite 1175, San Francisco, CA 94104, USA
| | - Marine Pochat
- Tongji University Medical College, Institute of Nutrition, Health and Food, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, China
- Roquette Frères, Biology and Nutrition Department, 62080 Lestrem, France
- SPRIM Advanced Life Sciences, 235 Pine Street, Suite 1175, San Francisco, CA 94104, USA
| | - Daniel Wils
- Tongji University Medical College, Institute of Nutrition, Health and Food, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, China
- Roquette Frères, Biology and Nutrition Department, 62080 Lestrem, France
- SPRIM Advanced Life Sciences, 235 Pine Street, Suite 1175, San Francisco, CA 94104, USA
| | - Cheryl Reifer
- Tongji University Medical College, Institute of Nutrition, Health and Food, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, China
- Roquette Frères, Biology and Nutrition Department, 62080 Lestrem, France
- SPRIM Advanced Life Sciences, 235 Pine Street, Suite 1175, San Francisco, CA 94104, USA
| | - Larry E. Miller
- Tongji University Medical College, Institute of Nutrition, Health and Food, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, China
- Roquette Frères, Biology and Nutrition Department, 62080 Lestrem, France
- SPRIM Advanced Life Sciences, 235 Pine Street, Suite 1175, San Francisco, CA 94104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Auclair S, Chironi G, Milenkovic D, Hollman PCH, Renard CMGC, Mégnien JL, Gariepy J, Paul JL, Simon A, Scalbert A. The regular consumption of a polyphenol-rich apple does not influence endothelial function: a randomised double-blind trial in hypercholesterolemic adults. Eur J Clin Nutr 2010; 64:1158-65. [PMID: 20683465 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2010.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Epidemiological studies suggest that apple consumption is associated with a reduction in cardiovascular disease risk. Apple polyphenols may contribute to explain these effects. Endothelial dysfunction has been associated with early stage of atherosclerosis and polyphenols from various dietary sources have been shown to reverse it. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the consumption of a polyphenol-rich apple on endothelial function. SUBJECTS/METHODS In all, 30 hypercholesterolemic volunteers were included in a double-blind, randomized crossover trial. They successively consumed 40 g of two lyophilized apples, polyphenol-rich and polyphenol-poor, providing respectively 1.43 and 0.21 g polyphenols per day during two 4-week periods separated by a 4-week washout period. RESULTS Brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) was assessed at the beginning and at the end of each intervention period. FMD did not differ between the polyphenol-rich and the polyphenol-poor apples, neither did the other cardiovascular disease risk factors (plasma lipids, homocysteine, antioxidant capacity). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that over a 4-week period, the consumption of a polyphenol-rich apple does not improve vascular function in hypercholesterolemic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Auclair
- Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont Université, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
A large body of epidemiologic evidence has demonstrated that the combination of a Western diet and lifestyle is primarily responsible for the increased metabolic disease risk, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and metabolic syndrome, noted in society today. Thus finding optimal intervention strategies to combat these growing epidemics is imperative. Despite some controversy, a growing body of literature indicates that one aspect of diet that likely affects phenotypic outcomes and metabolic disease risk is the glycemic load (GL). This brief review will provide an overview of the GL concept, discuss epidemiologic work investigating relationships between both GL and metabolic risk factors, as well as intervention studies that have assessed the impact of GL on phenotypic outcomes related to T2DM and cardiovascular disease. Overall, a low dietary GL may be protective against metabolic disease and should be considered as a healthful dietary component.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian K. Roberts
- Program on Genomics and Nutrition, Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Physiological Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Center for Metabolic Disease Prevention, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Simin Liu
- Program on Genomics and Nutrition, Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California
- Center for Metabolic Disease Prevention, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Oxidative stress and metabolic syndrome. Life Sci 2009; 84:705-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2009.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 576] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2008] [Revised: 02/12/2009] [Accepted: 02/25/2009] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
34
|
Buscemi S, Verga S, Tranchina MR, Cottone S, Cerasola G. Effects of hypocaloric very-low-carbohydrate diet vs. Mediterranean diet on endothelial function in obese women*. Eur J Clin Invest 2009; 39:339-47. [PMID: 19302563 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2009.02091.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a cardiovascular risk factor associated with endothelial dysfunction, but the effect of different weight loss strategies on endothelial function is not known. The effect of diet on endothelial function in two hypocaloric diets, a very-low-carbohydrate diet (A) and a Mediterranean diet (M), was measured by brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Design Using a longitudinal, randomized, open study design, subjects were engaged in a 2-month weight loss diet. FMD, inflammatory cytokines [interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha] and a marker of oxidative stress [8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha (8-iso-PGF2alpha)] were measured in subjects on three occasions: before initiating the diet (T0), after 5-7 days of dieting (T5) and after 2 months of dieting (T60). The very short- and medium-term time points were established to discriminate respectively the effect of the diet itself (T5) from that of weight loss (T60). Twenty overweight/obese but otherwise healthy women (BMI: 27-34.9 kg m(-2); age 30-50 years) completed the study. Results Group A lost more weight (mean +/- SEM; -7.6 +/- 0.8 kg) than group M (-4.9 +/- 0.6 kg, P = 0.014) at T60. The FMD was not significantly different between the two groups at T0 (group A: 12.2 +/- 2.9% vs. group B: 10.3 +/- 2.3%, P = ns). In group A, FMD was significantly reduced at T5 and returned to baseline at T60; in group M, FMD increased at T5 and returned to baseline at T60 (P = 0.007 for diet x time interaction). Serum concentrations of IL-6 and 8-iso-PGF2alpha were not significantly different between the two groups at T0 and increased significantly at T5 only in group A (P < 0.001 and P < 0.005 respectively). Conclusion As endothelial dysfunction is known to be associated with acute cardiovascular events, this study suggests that the cardiovascular risk might be increased in the first days of a very-low-carbohydrate diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Buscemi
- University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Effects of chronic and acute consumption of fruit- and vegetable-puree-based drinks on vasodilation, risk factors for CVD and the response as a result of the eNOS G298T polymorphism. Proc Nutr Soc 2009; 68:148-61. [PMID: 19288973 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665109001165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The average UK adult consumes less than three portions of fruit and vegetables daily, despite evidence to suggest that consuming five portions daily could help prevent chronic diseases. It is recommended that fruit juice should only count as one of these portions, as juicing removes fibre and releases sugars. However, fruit juices contain beneficial compounds such as vitamin C and flavonoids and could be a useful source of dietary phytochemicals. Two randomised controlled cross-over intervention studies investigating the effects of chronic and acute consumption of commercially-available fruit- and vegetable-puree-based drinks (FVPD) on bioavailability, antioxidant status and CVD risk factors are described. Blood and urine samples were collected during both studies and vascular tone was measured using laser Doppler imaging. In the chronic intervention study FVPD consumption was found to significantly increase dietary carotenoids (P=0.001) and vitamin C (P=0.003). Plasma carotenoids were increased (P=0.001), but the increase in plasma vitamin C was not significant. There were no significant effects on oxidative stress, antioxidant status and other CVD risk factors. In the acute intervention study FVPD were found to increase total plasma nitrate and nitrite (P=0.001) and plasma vitamin C (P=0.002). There was no effect on plasma lipids or uric acid, but there was a lower glucose and insulin peak concentration after consumption of the FVPD compared with the sugar-matched control. There was a trend towards increased vasodilation following both chronic and acute FVPD consumption. All volunteers were retrospectively genotyped for the eNOS G298T polymorphism and the effect of genotype on the measurements is discussed. Overall, there was a non-significant trend towards increased endothelium-dependent vasodilation following both acute and chronic FVPD consumption. However, there was a significant time x treatment effect (P<0.05) of acute FVPD consumption in individuals with the GG variant of the eNOS gene.
Collapse
|
36
|
Guazzi M, Reina G, Gripari P, Tumminello G, Vicenzi M, Arena R. Prognostic value of flow-mediated dilatation following myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 2009; 132:45-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2007.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2007] [Revised: 07/12/2007] [Accepted: 10/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
37
|
Brand-Miller J, Dickinson S, Barclay A, Celermajer D. The glycemic index and cardiovascular disease risk. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2008; 9:479-85. [PMID: 18377788 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-007-0064-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Postprandial hyperglycemia is increasingly recognized as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Glycemic "spikes" may adversely affect vascular structure and function via multiple mechanisms, including (acutely and/or chronically) oxidative stress, inflammation, low-density lipoprotein oxidation, protein glycation, and procoagulant activity. Postprandial glycemia can be reliably predicted by considering both the amount and type of carbohydrate. In particular, the glycemic index (GI), a measure of postprandial glycemic potency weight for weight of carbohydrate, has provided insights that knowledge of the sugar or starch content has not. In prospective observational studies, dietary GI and/or glycemic load independently predict cardiovascular disease, with relative risk ratios of 1.2 to 1.7 comparing highest and lowest quintiles. In randomized controlled trials in overweight subjects, diets based on low-GI carbohydrates have produced better cardiovascular-related outcomes than conventional low-fat diets. Taken together, the findings suggest that health professionals may be able to improve cardiovascular outcomes by recommending the judicious use of low- GI/glycemic load foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennie Brand-Miller
- Human Nutrition Unit (G08), University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|