1
|
Lee WS, Abel ED, Kim J. New Insights into IGF-1 Signaling in the Heart. Physiology (Bethesda) 2024; 39:0. [PMID: 38713091 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00003.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling has multiple physiological roles in cellular growth, metabolism, and aging. Myocardial hypertrophy, cell death, senescence, fibrosis, and electrical remodeling are hallmarks of various heart diseases and contribute to the progression of heart failure. This review highlights the critical role of IGF-1 and its cognate receptor in cardiac hypertrophy, aging, and remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Soo Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - E Dale Abel
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Jaetaek Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Al-Horani RA, Janaydeh S, Al-Trad B, Aljanabi MM, Muhaidat R. Acute Exercise Promptly Normalizes Myocardial Myosin Heavy-Chain Isoform mRNA Composition in Diabetic Rats: Implications for Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:2193. [PMID: 38138296 PMCID: PMC10744754 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59122193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The acute effects of exercise on the myosin heavy-chain (MHC) isoform mRNA expression and the upstream transcription factors in diabetic and non-diabetic hearts remain unexplored. We aimed to determine the acute effect of a single exercise session on the expression of left ventricular MHC, MHC-α and MHC-β, and thyroid receptor (TR), TR-α1 and TR-β, isoform mRNA in diabetic and non-diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to four groups: non-diabetic control (CS), diabetic exercise (DIEX), sedentary diabetic (DIS), and non-diabetic exercise (CEX). Diabetes was induced via streptozotocin injection (55 mg/kg). DIEX and CEX rats performed an exercise session (60 min at 50 m/min and 0% grade) 6-7 weeks after diabetes induction. Results: MHC-α mRNA was lower in DIS (p = 0.03) and not different in DIEX (p = 0.1) relative to CS. DIS showed higher MHC-β mRNA than the non-diabetic rats, CS and CEX (p = 0.02 and p = 0.009, respectively). MHC-β mRNA in DIEX was normalized to non-diabetic levels in CS (p = 0.3). TR-α1 was higher in DIS and not different in DIEX relative to CS and CEX (p = 0.03 and p = 1.0, respectively). In CEX, exercise did not change MHC-α, MHC-β, and TR-α1 relative to CS (p = 1.0). TR-β was not different between groups. Conclusion: In conclusion, exercise appears to acutely normalize the myocardial MHC and TR isoform mRNA expression only in the diabetic heart. These responses may induce therapeutic mechanisms other than changing the MHC isoform composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Saja Janaydeh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan; (S.J.); (B.A.-T.); (R.M.)
| | - Bahaa Al-Trad
- Department of Biological Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan; (S.J.); (B.A.-T.); (R.M.)
| | - Mukhallad Mohammed Aljanabi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
| | - Riyadh Muhaidat
- Department of Biological Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan; (S.J.); (B.A.-T.); (R.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Florczyk-Soluch U, Polak K, Sabo R, Martyniak A, Stępniewski J, Dulak J. Compromised diabetic heart function is not affected by miR-378a upregulation upon hyperglycemia. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:1556-1570. [PMID: 37851320 PMCID: PMC10661816 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00535-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac-abundant microRNA-378a (miR-378a) is associated with postnatal repression of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) controlling physiological hypertrophy and survival pathways. IGF-1/IGF-1R axis has been proposed as a therapeutic candidate against the pathophysiological progress of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). We ask whether hyperglycemia-driven changes in miR-378a expression could mediate DCM progression. METHODS Diabetes mellitus was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) (55 mg/kg i.p. for 5 days) in male C57BL/6 wild type (miR-378a+/+) and miR-378a knockout (miR-378a-/-) mice. As a parallel human model, we harnessed human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM miR378a+/+ vs. hiPSC-CM miR378a-/-) subjected to high glucose (HG) treatment. RESULTS We reported miR-378a upregulation in cardiac diabetic milieu arising upon STZ administration to wild-type mice and in HG-treated hiPSC-CMs. Pro-hypertrophic IGF-1R/ERK1/2 pathway and hypertrophic marker expression were activated in miR-378a deficiency and upon STZ/HG treatment of miR-378a+/+ specimens in vivo and in vitro suggesting miR-378a-independent hyperglycemia-promoted hypertrophy. A synergistic upregulation of IGF-1R signaling in diabetic conditions was detected in miR-378a-/- hiPSC-CMs, but not in miR-378a-/- hearts that showed attenuation of this pathway, pointing to the involvement of compensatory mechanisms in the absence of miR-378a. Although STZ administration did not cause pro-inflammatory or pro-fibrotic effects that were detected in miR-378a-/- mice, the compromised diabetic heart function observed in vivo by high-resolution ultrasound imaging upon STZ treatment was not affected by miR-378a presence. CONCLUSIONS Overall, data underline the role of miR-378a in maintaining basal cardiac structural integrity while pointing to miR-378a-independent hyperglycemia-driven cardiac hypertrophy and associated dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Florczyk-Soluch
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Polak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Reece Sabo
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Alicja Martyniak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jacek Stępniewski
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Józef Dulak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cai L, Tan Y, Watson S, Wintergerst K. Diabetic cardiomyopathy - Zinc preventive and therapeutic potentials by its anti-oxidative stress and sensitizing insulin signaling pathways. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 477:116694. [PMID: 37739320 PMCID: PMC10616760 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and insulin resistance are two key mechanisms for the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM, cardiac remodeling and dysfunction). In this review, we discussed how zinc and metallothionein (MT) protect the heart from type 1 or type 2 diabetes (T1D or T2D) through its anti-oxidative function and insulin-mediated PI3K/Akt signaling activation. Both T1D and T2D-induced DCM, shown by cardiac structural remodeling and dysfunction, in wild-type mice, but not in cardiomyocyte-specific overexpressing MT mice. In contrast, mice with global MT gene deletion were more susceptible to the development of DCM. When we used zinc to treat mice with either T1D or T2D, cardiac remodeling and dysfunction were significantly prevented along with increased cardiac MT expression. To support the role of zinc homeostasis in insulin signaling pathways, treatment of diabetic mice with zinc showed the preservation of phosphorylation levels of insulin-mediated glucose metabolism-related Akt2 and GSK-3β and even rescued cardiac pathogenesis induced by global deletion of Akt2 gene in a MT-dependent manner. These results suggest the protection by zinc from DCM is through both the induction of MT and sensitization of insulin signaling. Combined our own and other works, this review comprehensively summarized the roles of zinc homeostasis in the development and progression of DCM and its therapeutic implications. At the end, we provided pre-clinical and clinical evidence for the preventive and therapeutic potential of zinc supplementation through its anti-oxidative stress and sensitizing insulin signaling actions. Understanding the intricate connections between zinc and DCM provides insights for the future interventional approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States of America; Wendy Novak Diabetes Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY, United States of America; Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States of America; Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States of America.
| | - Yi Tan
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States of America; Wendy Novak Diabetes Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY, United States of America; Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States of America.
| | - Sara Watson
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States of America; Wendy Novak Diabetes Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY, United States of America; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - Kupper Wintergerst
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States of America; Wendy Novak Diabetes Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY, United States of America; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gorji AE, Ostaszewski P, Urbańska K, Sadkowski T. Does β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate Have Any Potential to Support the Treatment of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy in Humans and Animals? Biomedicines 2023; 11:2329. [PMID: 37626825 PMCID: PMC10452677 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is the protein reservoir of our body and an important regulator of glucose and lipid homeostasis. The dystrophin gene is the largest gene and has a key role in skeletal muscle construction and function. Mutations in the dystrophin gene cause Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy in humans, mice, dogs, and cats. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked neuromuscular condition causing progressive muscle weakness and premature death. β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) prevents deleterious muscle responses under pathological conditions, including tumor and chronic steroid therapy-related muscle losses. The use of HMB as a dietary supplement allows for increasing lean weight gain; has a positive immunostimulatory effect; is associated with decreased mortality; and attenuates sarcopenia in elderly animals and individuals. This study aimed to identify some genes, metabolic pathways, and biological processes which are common for DMD and HMB based on existing literature and then discuss the consequences of that interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdolvahab Ebrahimpour Gorji
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.E.G.); (P.O.)
| | - Piotr Ostaszewski
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.E.G.); (P.O.)
| | - Kaja Urbańska
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Sadkowski
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.E.G.); (P.O.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Batista JPT, Faria AOVD, Ribeiro TFS, Simões E Silva AC. The Role of Renin-Angiotensin System in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: A Narrative Review. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1598. [PMID: 37511973 PMCID: PMC10381689 DOI: 10.3390/life13071598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy refers to myocardial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes, but without the traditional cardiovascular risk factors or overt clinical atherosclerosis and valvular disease. The activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), oxidative stress, lipotoxicity, maladaptive immune responses, imbalanced mitochondrial dynamics, impaired myocyte autophagy, increased myocyte apoptosis, and fibrosis contribute to diabetic cardiomyopathy. This review summarizes the studies that address the link between cardiomyopathy and the RAS in humans and presents proposed pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this association. The RAS plays an important role in the development and progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy. The over-activation of the classical RAS axis in diabetes leads to the increased production of angiotensin (Ang) II, angiotensin type 1 receptor activation, and aldosterone release, contributing to increased oxidative stress, fibrosis, and cardiac remodeling. In contrast, Ang-(1-7) suppresses oxidative stress, inhibits tissue fibrosis, and prevents extensive cardiac remodeling. Angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers improve heart functioning and reduce the occurrence of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Experimental studies also show beneficial effects for Ang-(1-7) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 infusion in improving heart functioning and tissue injury. Further research is necessary to fully understand the pathophysiology of diabetic cardiomyopathy and to translate experimental findings into clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Thimotheo Batista
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil
| | - André Oliveira Vilela de Faria
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil
| | - Thomas Felipe Silva Ribeiro
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Simões E Silva
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil
- Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Deng J, Yan F, Tian J, Qiao A, Yan D. Potential clinical biomarkers and perspectives in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:35. [PMID: 36871006 PMCID: PMC9985231 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-00998-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a serious cardiovascular complication and the leading cause of death in diabetic patients. Patients typically do not experience any symptoms and have normal systolic and diastolic cardiac functions in the early stages of DCM. Because the majority of cardiac tissue has already been destroyed by the time DCM is detected, research must be conducted on biomarkers for early DCM, early diagnosis of DCM patients, and early symptomatic management to minimize mortality rates among DCM patients. Most of the existing implemented clinical markers are not very specific for DCM, especially in the early stages of DCM. Recent studies have shown that a number of new novel markers, such as galactin-3 (Gal-3), adiponectin (APN), and irisin, have significant changes in the clinical course of the various stages of DCM, suggesting that we may have a positive effect on the identification of DCM. As a summary of the current state of knowledge regarding DCM biomarkers, this review aims to inspire new ideas for identifying clinical markers and related pathophysiologic mechanisms that could be used in the early diagnosis and treatment of DCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, No. 3002, Sungang West Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fang Yan
- Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Center for Medicine Research and Translation, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jinglun Tian
- Department of Geriatrics, the Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Aijun Qiao
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, 528400, Guangdong Province, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Dewen Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, No. 3002, Sungang West Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sanganalmath SK, Dubey S, Veeranki S, Narisetty K, Krishnamurthy P. The interplay of inflammation, exosomes and Ca 2+ dynamics in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:37. [PMID: 36804872 PMCID: PMC9942322 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01755-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the prime risk factors for cardiovascular complications and is linked with high morbidity and mortality. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) often manifests as reduced cardiac contractility, myocardial fibrosis, diastolic dysfunction, and chronic heart failure. Inflammation, changes in calcium (Ca2+) handling and cardiomyocyte loss are often implicated in the development and progression of DCM. Although the existence of DCM was established nearly four decades ago, the exact mechanisms underlying this disease pathophysiology is constantly evolving. Furthermore, the complex pathophysiology of DCM is linked with exosomes, which has recently shown to facilitate intercellular (cell-to-cell) communication through biomolecules such as micro RNA (miRNA), proteins, enzymes, cell surface receptors, growth factors, cytokines, and lipids. Inflammatory response and Ca2+ signaling are interrelated and DCM has been known to adversely affect many of these signaling molecules either qualitatively and/or quantitatively. In this literature review, we have demonstrated that Ca2+ regulators are tightly controlled at different molecular and cellular levels during various biological processes in the heart. Inflammatory mediators, miRNA and exosomes are shown to interact with these regulators, however how these mediators are linked to Ca2+ handling during DCM pathogenesis remains elusive. Thus, further investigations are needed to understand the mechanisms to restore cardiac Ca2+ homeostasis and function, and to serve as potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of DCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K Sanganalmath
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas School of Medicine, Las Vegas, NV, 89102, USA.
| | - Shubham Dubey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, University Blvd., Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Sudhakar Veeranki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | | | - Prasanna Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, University Blvd., Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Obradovic M, Sudar-Milovanovic E, Gluvic Z, Banjac K, Rizzo M, Isenovic ER. The Na +/K +-ATPase: A potential therapeutic target in cardiometabolic diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1150171. [PMID: 36926029 PMCID: PMC10011626 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1150171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) are a direct consequence of modern living and contribute to the development of multisystem diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus (DM). CMD has reached epidemic proportions worldwide. A sodium pump (Na+/K+-ATPase) is found in most eukaryotic cells' membrane and controls many essential cellular functions directly or indirectly. This ion transporter and its isoforms are important in the pathogenesis of some pathological processes, including CMD. The structure and function of Na+/K+-ATPase, its expression and distribution in tissues, and its interactions with known ligands such as cardiotonic steroids and other suspected endogenous regulators are discussed in this review. In addition, we reviewed recent literature data related to the involvement of Na+/K+-ATPase activity dysfunction in CMD, focusing on the Na+/K+-ATPase as a potential therapeutic target in CMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milan Obradovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, “VINČA“ Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Emina Sudar-Milovanovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, “VINČA“ Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Gluvic
- University Clinical-Hospital Centre Zemun-Belgrade, Clinic of Internal medicine, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Banjac
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, “VINČA“ Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- School of Medicine, Promise Department, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- *Correspondence: Manfredi Rizzo,
| | - Esma R. Isenovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, “VINČA“ Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dhar A, Venkadakrishnan J, Roy U, Vedam S, Lalwani N, Ramos KS, Pandita TK, Bhat A. A comprehensive review of the novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 17:17539447231210170. [PMID: 38069578 PMCID: PMC10710750 DOI: 10.1177/17539447231210170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by structural and functional abnormalities in the myocardium affecting people with diabetes. Treatment of DCM focuses on glucose control, blood pressure management, lipid-lowering, and lifestyle changes. Due to limited therapeutic options, DCM remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes, thus emphasizing the need to develop new therapeutic strategies. Ongoing research is aimed at understanding the underlying molecular mechanism(s) involved in the development and progression of DCM, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic dysregulation. The goal is to develope innovative pharmaceutical therapeutics, offering significant improvements in the clinical management of DCM. Some of these approaches include the effective targeting of impaired insulin signaling, cardiac stiffness, glucotoxicity, lipotoxicity, inflammation, oxidative stress, cardiac hypertrophy, and fibrosis. This review focuses on the latest developments in understanding the underlying causes of DCM and the therapeutic landscape of DCM treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arti Dhar
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Utsa Roy
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sahithi Vedam
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Nikita Lalwani
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Kenneth S. Ramos
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tej K. Pandita
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Audesh Bhat
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Samba, Jammu and Kashmir (UT) 184311, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Role of AMPK in Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury-Induced Cell Death in the Presence and Absence of Diabetes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7346699. [PMID: 36267813 PMCID: PMC9578802 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7346699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies indicate cell death is the hallmark of cardiac pathology in myocardial infarction and diabetes. The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signalling pathway is considered a putative salvaging phenomenon, plays a decisive role in almost all cellular, metabolic, and survival functions, and therefore entails precise regulation of its activity. AMPK regulates various programmed cell death depending on the stimuli and context, including autophagy, apoptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis. There is substantial evidence suggesting that AMPK is down-regulated in cardiac tissues of animals and humans with type 2 diabetes or metabolic syndrome compared to non-diabetic control and that stimulation of AMPK (physiological or pharmacological) can ameliorate diabetes-associated cardiovascular complications, such as myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Furthermore, AMPK is an exciting therapeutic target for developing novel drug candidates to treat cell death in diabetes-associated myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Therefore, in this review, we summarized how AMPK regulates autophagic, apoptotic, necroptotic, and ferroptosis pathways in the context of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in the presence and absence of diabetes.
Collapse
|
12
|
LncRNA H19 inhibits ER stress induced apoptosis and improves diabetic cardiomyopathy by regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:6809-6828. [PMID: 36044268 PMCID: PMC9467416 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Extensive studies have shown that ERS may be implicated in the pathogenesis of DCM. We explored the therapeutic effects of lncRNAH19 on DCM and its effect on ERS-associated cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Methods: C57/BL-6j mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: non-DM group (controls), DM group (DCM), and lncRNAH19 overexpression group (DCM+H19 group). The effect of H19 on cardiac function was detected. The effect of H19 on cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac fibrosis in DM was examined. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and activated pathways were examined by bioinformatics analysis. STRING database was applied to construct a PPI network using Cytoscape software. The expression of p-PERK, p-IRE1, ATF6, CHOP, cleaved caspase-3, -9, -12 and BAX proteins in cardiac tissue was used to determine the ERS-associated apoptotic indicators. We established the HG-stimulated inflammatory cell model. The expression of p-PERK and CHOP in HL-1 cells following HG was determined by immunofluorescence labeling. The effects of H19 on ERS and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway were also detected. Results: H19 improved left ventricular dysfunction in DM. H19 could reduce cardiomyocytes apoptosis and improve fibrosis in vivo. H19 could reduce the expression of p-PERK, p-IRE1α, ATF6, CHOP, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9, cleaved caspase-12, and BAX proteins in cardiac tissues. Furthermore, H19 repressed oxidative stress, ERS and apoptosis in vitro. Moreover, the effect of H19 on ERS-associated apoptosis might be rescued by LY294002 (the specific inhibitor for PI3K and AKT). Conclusion: H19 attenuates DCM in DM and ROS, ERS-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, which is associated with the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
Collapse
|
13
|
Sulforaphane inhibits angiotensin II-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by acetylation modification of Nrf2. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:6740-6755. [PMID: 36006435 PMCID: PMC9467410 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the central cause of angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced myocardial injury, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) is the core molecule of the anti-oxidant defense system. We have previously demonstrated that sulforaphane (SFN) can prevent Ang II-induced myocardial injury by activating Nrf2; however, the underlying molecular mechanism is still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate whether SFN prevents Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis through acetylation modification of <i>Nrf2</i>. Wild-type and <i>Nrf2</i> knockdown embryonic rat cardiomyocytes (H9C2) were exposed to Ang II to induce apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses. SFN treatment significantly reduced Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress. Activation of Nrf2 played a critical role in preventing cardiomyocyte apoptosis. After Nrf2 was knockdown, the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant stress of SFN were eliminated. Furthermore, Nrf2 activation by SFN was closely related to the decreased activity of histone deacetylases (HDACs) and increased histone-3 (H3) acetylation levels in <i>Nrf2</i> promoter region. These findings confirm that Nrf2 plays a key role in SFN preventing Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. SFN activates Nrf2 by inhibiting HDACs expression and activation.
Collapse
|
14
|
Huang JP, Chang CC, Kuo CY, Huang KJ, Sokal EM, Chen KH, Hung LM. Exosomal microRNAs miR-30d-5p and miR-126a-5p Are Associated with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in STZ-Induced Type 1 Diabetic Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147514. [PMID: 35886860 PMCID: PMC9318774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomal microRNAs (EXO-miRNAs) are promising non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers for cardiovascular disease. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a poorly understood cardiovascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Little is known about whether EXO-miRNAs can be used as biomarkers for HFpEF in DM. We aimed to investigate the relationship between EXO-miRNAs and HFpEF in STZ-induced diabetic rats. We prepared STZ-induced diabetic rats exhibiting a type 1 DM phenotype with low body weight, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and hypoinsulinemia. Histological sections confirmed atrophy and fibrosis of the heart, with collagen accumulation representing diabetic cardiomyopathy. Significant decreases in end-diastolic volume, stroke volume, stroke work, end-systolic elastance and cardiac output indicated impaired cardiac contractility, as well as mRNA conversion of two isoforms of myosin heavy chain (α-MHC and β-MHC) and increased atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) mRNA indicating heart failure, were consistent with the features of HFpEF. In diabetic HFpEF rats, we examined a selected panel of 12 circulating miRNAs associated with HF (miR-1-3p, miR-21-5p, miR-29a-5p, miR-30d-5p, miR-34a-5p, miR-126a-5p, miR-143-3p, miR-145-5p, miR-195-5p, miR-206-3p, miR-320-3p and miR-378-3p). Although they were all expressed at significantly lower levels in the heart compared to non-diabetic controls, only six miRNAs (miR-21-5p, miR-30d-5p, miR-126a-5p, miR-206-3p, miR-320-3p and miR-378-3p) were also reduced in exosomal content, while one miRNA (miR-34a-5p) was upregulated. Similarly, although all miRNAs were correlated with reduced cardiac output as a measure of cardiovascular performance, only three miRNAs (miR-30d-5p, miR-126a-5p and miR-378-3p) were correlated in exosomal content. We found that miR-30d-5p and miR-126a-5p remained consistently correlated with significant reductions in exosomal expression, cardiac expression and cardiac output. Our findings support their release from the heart and association with diabetic HFpEF. We propose that these two EXO-miRNAs may be important for the development of diagnostic tools for diabetic HFpEF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiung-Pang Huang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (J.-P.H.); (C.-Y.K.)
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chun Chang
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei 220, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Cardinal Tien Junior College of Healthcare and Management, Yilan 266, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yu Kuo
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (J.-P.H.); (C.-Y.K.)
| | - Kuang-Jing Huang
- Microscopy Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Etienne M. Sokal
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Kuan-Hsing Chen
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan;
| | - Li-Man Hung
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (J.-P.H.); (C.-Y.K.)
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-211-8800 (ext. 3338)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lin H, Chen X, Pan J, Ke J, Zhang A, Liu Y, Wang C, Chang ACY, Gu J. Secretion of miRNA-326-3p by senescent adipose exacerbates myocardial metabolism in diabetic mice. Lab Invest 2022; 20:278. [PMID: 35729559 PMCID: PMC9210699 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03484-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Adipose tissue homeostasis is at the heart of many metabolic syndromes such as diabetes. Previously it has been demonstrated that adipose tissues from diabetic patients are senescent but whether this contributes to diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) remains to be elucidated. Methods The streptozotocin (STZ) type 1 diabetic mice were established as animal model, and adult mouse ventricular myocytes (AMVMs) isolated by langendorff perfusion as well as neonatal mouse ventricular myocytes (NMVMs) were used as cell models. Senescent associated β galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining and RT-qPCR were used to identify the presence of adipose senescence in diabetic adipose tissue. Senescent adipose were removed either by surgery or by senolytic treatment. Large extracellular vesicles (LEVs) derived from adipose tissue and circulation were separated by ultracentrifugation. Cardiac systolic and diastolic function was evaluated through cardiac ultrasound. Cardiomyocytes contraction function was evaluated by the Ionoptix HTS system and live cell imaging, mitochondrial morphology and functions were evaluated by transmission electron microscope, live cell fluorescent probe and seahorse analysis. RNA-seq for AMVMs and miRNA-seq for LEVs were performed, and bioinformatic analysis combined with RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to elucidate underlying mechanism that senescent adipose derives LEVs exacerbates myocardial metabolism. Results SA-β-gal staining and RT-qPCR identified the presence of adipose tissue senescence in STZ mice. Through surgical as well as pharmacological means we show that senescent adipose tissue participates in the pathogenesis of DCM in STZ mice by exacerbates myocardial metabolism through secretion of LEVs. Specifically, expression of miRNA-326-3p was up-regulated in LEVs isolated from senescent adipose tissue, circulation, and cardiomyocytes of STZ mice. Up-regulation of miRNA-326-3p coincided with myocardial transcriptomic changes in metabolism. Functionally, we demonstrate that miRNA-326-3p inhibited the expression of Rictor and resulted in impaired mitochondrial and contractile function in cardiomyocytes. Conclusion We demonstrate for the first time that senescent adipose derived LEVs exacerbates myocardial metabolism through up-regulated miRNA-326-3p which inhibits Rictor in cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, reducing senescence burden in adipose tissue is capable of relieving myocardial metabolism disorder in diabetes mellitus. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03484-7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaonan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianan Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahan Ke
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Alian Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Changqian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Alex Chia Yu Chang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jun Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Isse FA, El-Sherbeni AA, El-Kadi AOS. The multifaceted role of cytochrome P450-Derived arachidonic acid metabolites in diabetes and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Drug Metab Rev 2022; 54:141-160. [PMID: 35306928 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2022.2051045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Understanding lipid metabolism is a critical key to understanding the pathogenesis of Diabetes Mellitus (DM). It is known that 60-90% of DM patients are obese or used to be obese. The incidence of obesity is rising owing to the modern sedentary lifestyle that leads to insulin resistance and increased levels of free fatty acids, predisposing tissues to utilize more lipids with less glucose uptake. However, the exact mechanism is not yet fully elucidated. Diabetic cardiomyopathy seems to be associated with these alterations in lipid metabolism. Arachidonic acid (AA) is an important fatty acid that is metabolized to several bioactive compounds by cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases, and the more recently discovered, cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes. P450 metabolizes AA to either epoxy-AA (EETs) or hydroxy-AA (HETEs). Studies showed that EETs could have cardioprotective effects and beneficial effects in reversing abnormalities in glucose and insulin homeostasis. Conversely, HETEs, most importantly 12-HETE and 20-HETE, were found to interfere with normal glucose and insulin homeostasis and thus, might be involved in diabetic cardiomyopathy. In this review, we highlight the role of P450-derived AA metabolites in the context of DM and diabetic cardiomyopathy and their potential use as a target for developing new treatments for DM and diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fadumo Ahmed Isse
- Departmet of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Ahmed A El-Sherbeni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ayman O S El-Kadi
- Departmet of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Guo Z, Tuo H, Tang N, Liu FY, Ma SQ, An P, Yang D, Wang MY, Fan D, Yang Z, Tang QZ. Neuraminidase 1 deficiency attenuates cardiac dysfunction, oxidative stress, fibrosis, inflammatory via AMPK-SIRT3 pathway in diabetic cardiomyopathy mice. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:826-840. [PMID: 35002528 PMCID: PMC8741837 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.65938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is associated with oxidative stress and augmented inflammation in the heart. Neuraminidases (NEU) 1 has initially been described as a lysosomal protein which plays a role in the catabolism of glycosylated proteins. We investigated the role of NEU1 in the myocardium in diabetic heart. Streptozotocin (STZ) was injected intraperitoneally to induce diabetes in mice. Neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) were used to verify the effect of shNEU1 in vitro. NEU1 is up-regulated in cardiomyocytes under diabetic conditions. NEU1 inhibition alleviated oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis, and improved cardiac function in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Furthermore, NEU1 inhibition also attenuated the high glucose-induced increased reactive oxygen species generation, inflammation and, cell death in vitro. ShNEU1 activated Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) signaling pathway, and SIRT3 deficiency blocked shNEU1-mediated cardioprotective effects in vitro. More importantly, we found AMPKα was responsible for the elevation of SIRT3 expression via AMPKα-deficiency studies in vitro and in vivo. Knockdown of LKB1 reversed the effect elicited by shNEU1 in vitro. In conclusion, NEU1 inhibition activates AMPKα via LKB1, and subsequently activates sirt3, thereby regulating fibrosis, inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress in diabetic myocardial tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, RP China
| | - Hu Tuo
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, RP China
| | - Nan Tang
- The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian 223800, RP China.,People's Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Drama Tower Hospital Group, Suqian 223800, RP China
| | - Fang-Yuan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, RP China
| | - Shu-Qing Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, RP China
| | - Peng An
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, RP China
| | - Dan Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, RP China
| | - Min-Yu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, RP China
| | - Di Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, RP China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, RP China
| | - Qi-Zhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, RP China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sukumaran V, Gurusamy N, Yalcin HC, Venkatesh S. Understanding diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy from the perspective of renin angiotensin aldosterone system. Pflugers Arch 2021; 474:63-81. [PMID: 34967935 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02651-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Experimental and clinical evidence suggests that diabetic subjects are predisposed to a distinct cardiovascular dysfunction, known as diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), which could be an autonomous disease independent of concomitant micro and macrovascular disorders. DCM is one of the prominent causes of global morbidity and mortality and is on a rising trend with the increase in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM). DCM is characterized by an early left ventricle diastolic dysfunction associated with the slow progression of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy leading to heart failure, which still has no effective therapy. Although the well-known "Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System (RAAS)" inhibition is considered a gold-standard treatment in heart failure, its role in DCM is still unclear. At the cellular level of DCM, RAAS induces various secondary mechanisms, adding complications to poor prognosis and treatment of DCM. This review highlights the importance of RAAS signaling and its major secondary mechanisms involving inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and autophagy, their role in establishing DCM. In addition, studies lacking in the specific area of DCM are also highlighted. Therefore, understanding the complex role of RAAS in DCM may lead to the identification of better prognosis and therapeutic strategies in treating DCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Narasimman Gurusamy
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Huseyin C Yalcin
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Al-Tarfa, 2371, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sundararajan Venkatesh
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Alaeddine LM, Harb F, Hamza M, Dia B, Mogharbil N, Azar NS, Noureldein MH, El Khoury M, Sabra R, Eid AA. Pharmacological regulation of cytochrome P450 metabolites of arachidonic acid attenuates cardiac injury in diabetic rats. Transl Res 2021; 235:85-101. [PMID: 33746109 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a well-established complication of type 1 and type 2 diabetes associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. DCM is diagnosed at advanced and irreversible stages. Therefore, it is of utmost need to identify novel mechanistic pathways involved at early stages to prevent or reverse the development of DCM. In vivo experiments were performed on type 1 diabetic rats (T1DM). Functional and structural studies of the heart were executed and correlated with mechanistic assessments exploring the role of cytochromes P450 metabolites, the 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (20-HETEs) and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), and their crosstalk with other homeostatic signaling molecules. Our data displays that hyperglycemia results in CYP4A upregulation and CYP2C11 downregulation in the left ventricles (LV) of T1DM rats, paralleled by a differential alteration in their metabolites 20-HETEs (increased) and EETs (decreased). These changes are concomitant with reductions in cardiac outputs, LV hypertrophy, fibrosis, and increased activation of cardiac fetal and hypertrophic genes. Besides, pro-fibrotic cytokine TGF-ß overexpression and NADPH (Nox4) dependent-ROS overproduction are also correlated with the observed cardiac functional and structural modifications. Of interest, these observations are attenuated when T1DM rats are treated with 12-(3-adamantan-1-yl-ureido) dodecanoic acid (AUDA), which blocks EETs metabolism, or N-hydroxy-N'-(4-butyl-2-methylphenol)Formamidine (HET0016), which inhibits 20-HETEs formation. Taken together, our findings confer pioneering evidence about a potential interplay between CYP450-derived metabolites and Nox4/TGF-β axis leading to DCM. Pharmacologic interventions targeting the inhibition of 20-HETEs synthesis or the activation of EETs synthesis may offer novel therapeutic approaches to treat DCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lynn M Alaeddine
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Frederic Harb
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Maysaa Hamza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Batoul Dia
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nahed Mogharbil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nadim S Azar
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; AUB Diabetes, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohamed H Noureldein
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mirella El Khoury
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ramzi Sabra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Assaad A Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; AUB Diabetes, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kakoki M, Ramanathan PV, Hagaman JR, Grant R, Wilder JC, Taylor JM, Charles Jennette J, Smithies O, Maeda-Smithies N. Cyanocobalamin prevents cardiomyopathy in type 1 diabetes by modulating oxidative stress and DNMT-SOCS1/3-IGF-1 signaling. Commun Biol 2021; 4:775. [PMID: 34163008 PMCID: PMC8222371 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02291-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with long-standing diabetes have a high risk for cardiac complications that is exacerbated by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. We found that feeding cyanocobalamin (B12), a scavenger of superoxide, not only prevented but reversed signs of cardiomyopathy in type 1 diabetic Elmo1H/H Ins2Akita/+ mice. ROS reductions in plasma and hearts were comparable to those in mice treated with other antioxidants, N-acetyl-L-cysteine or tempol, but B12 produced better cardioprotective effects. Diabetes markedly decreased plasma insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 levels, while B12, but not N-acetyl-L-cysteine nor tempol, restored them. B12 activated hepatic IGF-1 production via normalization of S-adenosylmethionine levels, DNA methyltransferase (DNMT)-1/3a/3b mRNA, and DNA methylation of promoters for suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-1/3. Reductions of cardiac IGF-1 mRNA and phosphorylated IGF-1 receptors were also restored. Thus, B12 is a promising option for preventing diabetic cardiomyopathy via ROS reduction and IGF-1 retrieval through DNMT-SOCS1/3 signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masao Kakoki
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Purushotham V Ramanathan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - John R Hagaman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ruriko Grant
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer C Wilder
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joan M Taylor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J Charles Jennette
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Oliver Smithies
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nobuyo Maeda-Smithies
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chen TS, Chuang SY, Shen CY, Ho TJ, Chang RL, Yeh YL, Kuo CH, Mahalakshmi B, Kuo WW, Huang CY. Antioxidant Sirt1/Akt axis expression in resveratrol pretreated adipose-derived stem cells increases regenerative capability in a rat model with cardiomyopathy induced by diabetes mellitus. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:4290-4302. [PMID: 33421145 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
High-glucose (HG) suppresses mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) functions, resulting in a decrease in cardiac regenerative capability for MSC in diabetes mellitus (DM). Resveratrol enhances MSC functions under stress. This study explores if cardiac regenerative capability can be enhanced in MSCs pretreated with resveratrol in DM rats receiving MSCs. In vitro evidence confirms that HG decreases MSCs capability through suppression of survival markers, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) axis, and expression of apoptotic markers. All of these markers are improved when MSCs are cocultured with resveratrol. Wistar male rats were randomly divided into Sham, DM (DM rats), DM rats with autologous transplantation of adipose-derived stem cells (DM + ADSC), and DM rats with resveratrol pretreated ADSC (DM + RSVL-ADSC). Compared to the Sham, DM induces pathological pathways (including fibrosis, hypertrophy, and apoptosis) and suppresses survival as well as the AMPK/Sirt1 axis in the DM group. DM + ADSC slightly improves the above pathways whereas DM + RSVL-ADSC significantly improves the above pathways when compared to the DM group. These results illustrate that resveratrol pretreated with MSCs may show clinical potential in the treatment of heart failure in patients with DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Sheng Chen
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Ying Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yao Shen
- Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jung Ho
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Lin Chang
- School of Postbaccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lan Yeh
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hua Kuo
- Department of Sports Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - B Mahalakshmi
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Diseases Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Byrne NJ, Rajasekaran NS, Abel ED, Bugger H. Therapeutic potential of targeting oxidative stress in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 169:317-342. [PMID: 33910093 PMCID: PMC8285002 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Even in the absence of coronary artery disease and hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM) may increase the risk for heart failure development. This risk evolves from functional and structural alterations induced by diabetes in the heart, a cardiac entity termed diabetic cardiomyopathy (DbCM). Oxidative stress, defined as the imbalance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been increasingly proposed to contribute to the development of DbCM. There are several sources of ROS production including the mitochondria, NAD(P)H oxidase, xanthine oxidase, and uncoupled nitric oxide synthase. Overproduction of ROS in DbCM is thought to be counterbalanced by elevated antioxidant defense enzymes such as catalase and superoxide dismutase. Excess ROS in the cardiomyocyte results in further ROS production, mitochondrial DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, post-translational modifications of proteins and ultimately cell death and cardiac dysfunction. Furthermore, ROS modulates transcription factors responsible for expression of antioxidant enzymes. Lastly, evidence exists that several pharmacological agents may convey cardiovascular benefit by antioxidant mechanisms. As such, increasing our understanding of the pathways that lead to increased ROS production and impaired antioxidant defense may enable the development of therapeutic strategies against the progression of DbCM. Herein, we review the current knowledge about causes and consequences of ROS in DbCM, as well as the therapeutic potential and strategies of targeting oxidative stress in the diabetic heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikole J Byrne
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Namakkal S Rajasekaran
- Cardiac Aging & Redox Signaling Laboratory, Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Birmingham, AL, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - E Dale Abel
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Heiko Bugger
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ahmed U, Ashfaq UA, Qasim M, Ahmad I, Ahmad HU, Tariq M, Masoud MS, Khaliq S. Dysregulation of circulating miRNAs promotes the pathogenesis of diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250773. [PMID: 33909697 PMCID: PMC8081166 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic Cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by myocardial dysfunction caused by diabetes mellitus. After-effects of diabetic cardiomyopathy are far more lethal than non-diabetic cardiomyopathy. More than 300 million people suffer from diabetes and cardiovascular disorder which is expected to be elevated to an alarming figure of 450 million by 2030. Recent studies suggested that miRNA plays important role in the onset of diabetic cardiomyopathy. This study was designed to identify the miRNA that is responsible for the onset of diabetic cardiomyopathy using in silico and in vitro approaches. In this study, to identify the miRNA responsible for the onset of diabetic cardiomyopathy, in silico analysis was done to predict the role of these circulating miRNAs in type 2 diabetic cardiomyopathy. Shared miRNAs that are present in both diseases were selected for further analysis. Total RNA and miRNA were extracted from blood samples taken from type 2 diabetic patients as well as healthy controls to analyze the expression of important genes like AKT, VEGF, IGF, FGF1, ANGPT2 using Real-time PCR. The expression of ANGPT2 was up-regulated and AKT, VEGF, IGF, FGF1 were down-regulated in DCM patients as compared to healthy controls. The miRNA expression of miR-17 was up-regulated and miR-24, miR-150, miR-199a, miR-214, and miR-320a were down-regulated in the DCM patients as compared to healthy controls. This shows that dysregulation of target genes and miRNA may contribute towards the pathogenesis of DCM and more studies should be conducted to elucidate the role of circulating miRNAs to use them as therapeutic and diagnostic options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uzair Ahmed
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Usman Ali Ashfaq
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Ahmad
- Department of Cardiology, Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Usman Ahmad
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- Department of Biotechnology, Mirpur University of Sciences and Technology, Mirpur, AJK, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shareef Masoud
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Saba Khaliq
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bo B, Li S, Zhou K, Wei J. The Regulatory Role of Oxygen Metabolism in Exercise-Induced Cardiomyocyte Regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:664527. [PMID: 33937268 PMCID: PMC8083961 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.664527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During heart failure, the heart is unable to regenerate lost or damaged cardiomyocytes and is therefore unable to generate adequate cardiac output. Previous research has demonstrated that cardiac regeneration can be promoted by a hypoxia-related oxygen metabolic mechanism. Numerous studies have indicated that exercise plays a regulatory role in the activation of regeneration capacity in both healthy and injured adult cardiomyocytes. However, the role of oxygen metabolism in regulating exercise-induced cardiomyocyte regeneration is unclear. This review focuses on the alteration of the oxygen environment and metabolism in the myocardium induced by exercise, including the effects of mild hypoxia, changes in energy metabolism, enhanced elimination of reactive oxygen species, augmentation of antioxidative capacity, and regulation of the oxygen-related metabolic and molecular pathway in the heart. Deciphering the regulatory role of oxygen metabolism and related factors during and after exercise in cardiomyocyte regeneration will provide biological insight into endogenous cardiac repair mechanisms. Furthermore, this work provides strong evidence for exercise as a cost-effective intervention to improve cardiomyocyte regeneration and restore cardiac function in this patient population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Bo
- Kinesiology Department, School of Physical Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Sports Reform and Development Research Center, School of Physical Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shuangshuang Li
- Kinesiology Department, School of Physical Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Ke Zhou
- Kinesiology Department, School of Physical Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Sports Reform and Development Research Center, School of Physical Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jianshe Wei
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Karwi QG, Ho KL, Pherwani S, Ketema EB, Sun QY, Lopaschuk GD. Concurrent diabetes and heart failure: interplay and novel therapeutic approaches. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:686-715. [PMID: 33783483 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of developing heart failure, and the co-existence of both diseases worsens cardiovascular outcomes, hospitalization and the progression of heart failure. Despite current advancements on therapeutic strategies to manage hyperglycemia, the likelihood of developing diabetes-induced heart failure is still significant, especially with the accelerating global prevalence of diabetes and an ageing population. This raises the likelihood of other contributing mechanisms beyond hyperglycemia in predisposing diabetic patients to cardiovascular disease risk. There has been considerable interest in understanding the alterations in cardiac structure and function in the diabetic patients, collectively termed as "diabetic cardiomyopathy". However, the factors that contribute to the development of diabetic cardiomyopathies is not fully understood. This review summarizes the main characteristics of diabetic cardiomyopathies, and the basic mechanisms that contribute to its occurrence. This includes perturbations in insulin resistance, fuel preference, reactive oxygen species generation, inflammation, cell death pathways, neurohormonal mechanisms, advanced glycated end-products accumulation, lipotoxicity, glucotoxicity, and posttranslational modifications in the heart of the diabetic. This review also discusses the impact of antihyperglycemic therapies on the development of heart failure, as well as how current heart failure therapies influence glycemic control in diabetic patients. We also highlight the current knowledge gaps in understanding how diabetes induces heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qutuba G Karwi
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kim L Ho
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Simran Pherwani
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ezra B Ketema
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Qiu Yu Sun
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gary D Lopaschuk
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Szabó MR, Pipicz M, Csont T, Csonka C. Modulatory Effect of Myokines on Reactive Oxygen Species in Ischemia/Reperfusion. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249382. [PMID: 33317180 PMCID: PMC7763329 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence showing the importance of physical activity against acute ischemic events in various organs. Ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R) is characterized by tissue damage as a result of restriction and subsequent restoration of blood supply to an organ. Oxidative stress due to increased reactive oxygen species formation and/or insufficient antioxidant defense is considered to play an important role in I/R. Physical activity not only decreases the general risk factors for ischemia but also confers direct anti-ischemic protection via myokine production. Myokines are skeletal muscle-derived cytokines, representing multifunctional communication channels between the contracting skeletal muscle and other organs through an endocrine manner. In this review, we discuss the most prominent members of the myokines (i.e., brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cathepsin B, decorin, fibroblast growth factors-2 and -21, follistatin, follistatin-like, insulin-like growth factor-1; interleukin-6, interleukin-7, interleukin-15, irisin, leukemia inhibitory factor, meteorin-like, myonectin, musclin, myostatin, and osteoglycin) with a particular interest in their potential influence on reactive oxygen and nitrogen species formation or antioxidant capacity. A better understanding of the mechanism of action of myokines and particularly their participation in the regulation of oxidative stress may widen their possible therapeutic use and, thereby, may support the fight against I/R.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Márton Richárd Szabó
- Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling (MEDICS) Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (M.R.S.); (M.P.); (T.C.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence, University of Szeged, Dugonics tér 13, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Márton Pipicz
- Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling (MEDICS) Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (M.R.S.); (M.P.); (T.C.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence, University of Szeged, Dugonics tér 13, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Csont
- Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling (MEDICS) Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (M.R.S.); (M.P.); (T.C.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence, University of Szeged, Dugonics tér 13, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Csonka
- Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling (MEDICS) Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (M.R.S.); (M.P.); (T.C.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence, University of Szeged, Dugonics tér 13, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Sports Medicine, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos krt 107, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-30-5432-693
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zang H, Wu W, Qi L, Tan W, Nagarkatti P, Nagarkatti M, Wang X, Cui T. Autophagy Inhibition Enables Nrf2 to Exaggerate the Progression of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in Mice. Diabetes 2020; 69:2720-2734. [PMID: 32948607 PMCID: PMC7679777 DOI: 10.2337/db19-1176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) may either ameliorate or worsen diabetic cardiomyopathy. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Herein we report a novel mechanism of Nrf2-mediated myocardial damage in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Global Nrf2 knockout (Nrf2KO) hardly affected the onset of cardiac dysfunction induced by T1D but slowed down its progression in mice independent of sex. In addition, Nrf2KO inhibited cardiac pathological remodeling, apoptosis, and oxidative stress associated with both onset and advancement of cardiac dysfunction in T1D. Such Nrf2-mediated progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy was confirmed by a cardiomyocyte-restricted (CR) Nrf2 transgenic approach in mice. Moreover, cardiac autophagy inhibition via CR knockout of autophagy-related 5 gene (CR-Atg5KO) led to early onset and accelerated development of cardiomyopathy in T1D, and CR-Atg5KO-induced adverse phenotypes were rescued by additional Nrf2KO. Mechanistically, chronic T1D leads to glucolipotoxicity inhibiting autolysosome efflux, which in turn intensifies Nrf2-driven transcription to fuel lipid peroxidation while inactivating Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defense and impairing Nrf2-coordinated iron metabolism, thereby leading to ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes. These results demonstrate that diabetes over time causes autophagy deficiency, which turns off Nrf2-mediated defense while switching on an Nrf2-operated pathological program toward ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes, thereby worsening the progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huimei Zang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Weiwei Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Lei Qi
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Wenbin Tan
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Prakash Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Xuejun Wang
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, SD
| | - Taixing Cui
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ye Y, Birnbaum Y, Widen SG, Zhang Z, Zhu S, Bajaj M, Chen H. Acupuncture Reduces Hypertrophy and Cardiac Fibrosis, and Improves Heart Function in Mice with Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2020; 34:835-848. [PMID: 32767170 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-020-07043-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the effects of electro-acupuncture (EA) on glycemic control, myocardial inflammation, and the progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy in mice with type 2 diabetes. METHODS Db/Db mice received EA at PC6+ST36 (DM-Acu), non-acupoint simulation (DM-Sham), or no treatment (DM). EA was applied for 30 min per day, 5 days a week for 4 weeks. Heart function was assessed by echocardiography. Myocardium was assessed by RT-PCR, immunoblotting, and histology. Serum TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 were measured. RESULTS DM-Acu, but not DM-Sham, reduced fasting blood glucose without affecting body weight. DM decreased systolic function. DM-Acu, but not DM-Sham, attenuated the decrease in systolic function. Heart weight was significantly smaller in the DM-Acu than in the DM and DM-Sham groups. Percent fibrosis and apoptosis were reduced in the DM-Acu, but not the DM-Sham, group. Serum levels of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, ICAM-1, MCP-1, and TNF-α were significantly lower in the DM-Acu than in the DM or DM-Sham groups. Protein levels of P-Akt and P-AMPK and mRNA levels of phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 6 (PIK3r6) were significantly higher in the DM-Acu group. Myocardial mRNA and protein levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) were significantly lower in the DM and DM-Sham groups compared with the DM-Acu group. CONCLUSIONS EA reduced serum glucose; prevented DM-induced hypertrophy and deterioration of systolic function, inflammation, and fibrosis; and restored IGF1R, P-Akt, and P-AMPK levels in mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Ye
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Yochai Birnbaum
- The Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza MS, BCM620, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Steven G Widen
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shipeng Zhu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Mandeep Bajaj
- Section of Endocrinology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Huan Chen
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA. .,Department of Acupuncture, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Gu H, Jiang W, You N, Huang X, Li Y, Peng X, Dong R, Wang Z, Zhu Y, Wu K, Li J, Zheng L. Soluble Klotho Improves Hepatic Glucose and Lipid Homeostasis in Type 2 Diabetes. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2020; 18:811-823. [PMID: 32953932 PMCID: PMC7479259 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the most escalating global metabolic diseases, which is highly associated with insulin resistance (IR) and risk of combination with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Previous studies suggest that soluble klotho (sKL) could serve as a circulating hormone to mediate energy metabolism, but the detailed mechanism is poorly understood. In this study, we generated T2D models of wild-type (WT), sKL heterozygous (KL +/-), and sKL transgenic (TgKL) mice continuously fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and constructed L02 cell lines that stably overexpress sKL to investigate the effect of sKL on hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism. Surprisingly, we discovered that sKL deficiency resulted in exacerbated diabetic phenotypes and hepatic glucolipid metabolism disorders in HFD-fed KL +/- diabetic mice (KL +/- DM), whereas TgKL diabetic mice (TgKL DM) exhibited ameliorated diabetic phenotypes and decreased IR. Mechanistic studies in vitro and in vivo demonstrated that sKL could inhibit the PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 signaling to upregulate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) expression by directly interacting with type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) in HFD-fed T2D mice. Thus, sKL could improve hepatic glucolipid homeostasis to ameliorate diabetic phenotypes and lipid accumulation and may function as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of T2D and reduce the risk of NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Gu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Nan You
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Xiaobing Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Yuming Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Xuehui Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Rui Dong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Yinan Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Ke Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
- Corresponding author: Jing Li, MD, PhD, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
| | - Lu Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
- Corresponding author: Lu Zheng, MD, PhD, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Fang Z, Hu X, Chen Z, Xie J, Wu D, Yin Y, You L. Radix pseudostellariae of Danzhi Jiangtang capsule relieves oxidative stress of vascular endothelium in diabetic macroangiopathy. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:683-691. [PMID: 32550799 PMCID: PMC7292866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Medicinal plants act as an alternative source of anti-diabetic agents. Recently, Danzhi Jiangtang capsule (DJC) has been clinically used for treatment of diabetes, but the effect of DJC on diabetic macroangiopathy remained unclear. The present study investigates the therapeutic role of DJC in diabetic macroangiopathy and elucidates the underlying mechanisms. Methods Diabetes patients were treated with DJC for 20 weeks. Blood glucose and serum parameters (insulin, FFA, SOD, GSH-Px, MDA, NO) were determined before and after treatment. Streptozotocin -induced diabetic rat model and human HUVECs cells were applied to assess the anti-oxidative capacity of DJC and its bioactive constituents. The expression levels of eNOS, JNK, GRP78, CHOP, Bcl2, and BAX were measured by qPCR and/or immunoblotting. Results Diabetic macroangiopathy were ameliorated by DJC administration. Radix pseudostellariae (RP) mediated the anti-oxidative stress capacity of DJC, which improved insulin resistance (p < 0.01) and relieved oxidative stress (p < 0.01) of vascular endothelium through oxidative stress signaling and apoptosis pathway. The ability of DJC to ameliorate diabetic macroangiopathy and relieve oxidative stress was mainly mediated by its bioactive constituent RP. Conclusion This study would provide experimental evidence for DJC in the prevention and treatment of diabetes and diabetic macroangiopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Fang
- Department of Endocrine, the First Hospital Affiliated to Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No. 117 Meishan Road, Hefei 230038, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Academy of Science of Chinese Medicine, No. 117 Meishan Road, Hefei 230038, Anhui, China
| | - Xiu Hu
- Graduate Institute, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No. 103 Meishan Road Hefei 230038, Anhui, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Endocrine, Taizhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 86 Jichuandong Road, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Graduate Institute, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No. 103 Meishan Road Hefei 230038, Anhui, China
| | - Di Wu
- Graduate Institute, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No. 103 Meishan Road Hefei 230038, Anhui, China
| | - Yundong Yin
- Graduate Institute, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No. 103 Meishan Road Hefei 230038, Anhui, China
| | - Liangzhen You
- Graduate Institute, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No. 103 Meishan Road Hefei 230038, Anhui, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
The effect of nutraceuticals on multiple signaling pathways in cardiac fibrosis injury and repair. Heart Fail Rev 2020; 27:321-336. [PMID: 32495263 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-020-09980-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is one of the most common pathological conditions caused by different heart diseases, including myocardial infarction and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Cardiovascular disease is one of the major causes of mortality worldwide. Cardiac fibrosis is caused by different processes, including inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress. The process of fibrosis begins by changing the balance between production and destruction of extracellular matrix components and stimulating the proliferation and differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts. Many studies have focused on finding drugs with less adverse effects for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Some studies show that nutraceuticals are effective in preventing and treating diseases, including cardiovascular disease, and that they can reduce the risk. However, big clinical studies to prove the therapeutic properties of all these substances and their adverse effects are lacking so far. Therefore, in this review, we tried to summarize the knowledge on pathways and mechanisms of several nutraceuticals which have shown their usefulness in the prevention of cardiac fibrosis.
Collapse
|
32
|
Poudel SB, Dixit M, Neginskaya M, Nagaraj K, Pavlov E, Werner H, Yakar S. Effects of GH/IGF on the Aging Mitochondria. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061384. [PMID: 32498386 PMCID: PMC7349719 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondria are key organelles regulating vital processes in the eukaryote cell. A decline in mitochondrial function is one of the hallmarks of aging. Growth hormone (GH) and the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are somatotropic hormones that regulate cellular homeostasis and play significant roles in cell differentiation, function, and survival. In mammals, these hormones peak during puberty and decline gradually during adulthood and aging. Here, we review the evidence that GH and IGF-1 regulate mitochondrial mass and function and contribute to specific processes of cellular aging. Specifically, we discuss the contribution of GH and IGF-1 to mitochondrial biogenesis, respiration and ATP production, oxidative stress, senescence, and apoptosis. Particular emphasis was placed on how these pathways intersect during aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sher Bahadur Poudel
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry New York, NY 10010–4086, USA; (S.B.P.); (M.D.); (M.N.); (E.P.)
| | - Manisha Dixit
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry New York, NY 10010–4086, USA; (S.B.P.); (M.D.); (M.N.); (E.P.)
| | - Maria Neginskaya
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry New York, NY 10010–4086, USA; (S.B.P.); (M.D.); (M.N.); (E.P.)
| | - Karthik Nagaraj
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (K.N.); (H.W.)
| | - Evgeny Pavlov
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry New York, NY 10010–4086, USA; (S.B.P.); (M.D.); (M.N.); (E.P.)
| | - Haim Werner
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (K.N.); (H.W.)
| | - Shoshana Yakar
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry New York, NY 10010–4086, USA; (S.B.P.); (M.D.); (M.N.); (E.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +212-998-9721
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Noll NA, Lal H, Merryman WD. Mouse Models of Heart Failure with Preserved or Reduced Ejection Fraction. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:1596-1608. [PMID: 32343958 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a chronic, complex condition with increasing incidence worldwide, necessitating the development of novel therapeutic strategies. This has led to the current clinical strategies, which only treat symptoms of HF without addressing the underlying causes. Multiple animal models have been developed in an attempt to recreate the chronic HF phenotype that arises following a variety of myocardial injuries. Although significant strides have been made in HF research, an understanding of more specific mechanisms will require distinguishing models that resemble HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) from those with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Therefore, current mouse models of HF need to be re-assessed to determine which of them most closely recapitulate the specific etiology of HF being studied. This will allow for the development of therapies targeted specifically at HFpEF or HFrEF. This review will summarize the commonly used mouse models of HF and discuss which aspect of human HF each model replicates, focusing on whether HFpEF or HFrEF is induced, to allow better investigation into pathophysiological mechanisms and treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Noll
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Hind Lal
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - W David Merryman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Resveratrol and Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Focusing on the Protective Signaling Mechanisms. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:7051845. [PMID: 32256959 PMCID: PMC7094200 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7051845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a common cardiovascular complication of diabetic mellitus that is characterized by diastolic disorder in the early stage and clinical heart failure in the later stage. Presently, DCM is considered one of the major causes of death in diabetic patients. Resveratrol (RSV), a naturally occurring stilbene, is widely reported as a cardioprotective substance in many heart diseases. Thus far, the specific roles of RSV in DCM prevention and treatment have attracted great attention. Here, we discuss the roles of RSV in DCM by focusing its downstream targets from both in vivo and in vitro studies. Among such targets, Sirtuins 1/3 and AMP-activated kinase have been identified as key mediators that induce cardioprotection during hyperglycemia. In addition, many other signaling molecules (e.g., forkhead box-O3a and extracellular regulated protein kinases) are also regulated in the presence of RSV and exert beneficial effects such as opposing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes exposed to high-glucose conditions. The beneficial potential of an RSV/stem cell cotherapy is also reviewed as a promising therapeutic strategy for preventing the development of DCM.
Collapse
|
35
|
Khan S, Kamal MA. Can Wogonin be Used in Controlling Diabetic Cardiomyopathy? Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:2171-2177. [PMID: 31298148 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190708173108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is now a well-known factor which initiates many metabolic derangements in various tissues and organs including liver, muscle, pancreas, adipose tissue, cardiovascular and nervous system. Cardiovascular complications are the most crucial , and their effects are so intensive that their derangement leads to cardiac failure even in the absence of ischemic heart diseases. This entity of cardiac pathology in DM is often regarded as diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Recently, many plant-derived drugs have been tested to control and alleviate DCM. Wogonin is one of the drugs the characteristics of which have been deeply studied. Wogonin is a flavonoid having yellow color pigment in their leaves and is obtained from the roots of plant Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgi. Wogonin has long been used as an active anti-cancer drug in Chinese medicine practice. In recent past wogonin has shown to possess notable anti-inflammatory, and anti-allergic properties. Wogonin has demonstrated to possess anti-oxidant, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory and also anti-thrombotic properties. Wogonin has shown to alleviate apoptosis, and ER stress in the cells and this property can also be used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Notably, wogonin has been documented to have an extensive margin of safety as well as displays little or no organ toxicity following extended intravenous administration. In this review, we discuss recently discovered therapeutic potential of wogonin in the treatment of DCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahzad Khan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Hubei, Wuhan V, China
| | - Mohammad A Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia.,Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Cellular cross-talks in the diseased and aging heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 138:136-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.11.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
37
|
Sadek NB, Gamal SM, Aboulhoda BE, Rashed LA, Shawky HM, Gamal El-Din MM. The Potential Role of Undercarboxylated Osteocalcin Upregulation in Microvascular Insufficiency in a Rat Model of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2019; 25:86-97. [PMID: 31533469 DOI: 10.1177/1074248419876632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is accompanied by microvascular complications that lead to myocardial dysfunction and heart failure. Most conventional therapies cannot ameliorate the microvascular insufficiency in DCM. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) may be a new adjuvant therapy against the progression of DCM and its underlying microvascular pathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diabetes was induced in Wistar rats with a high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin injections, and ucOC was upregulated after warfarin administration in the treated group. After 8 weeks, cardiac functions were assessed using a Langendorff apparatus. Cardiac tissue samples were also extracted to assess the ucOC receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) for histopathological studies. RESULTS Both the systolic and the diastolic dysfunction observed in the DCM group were significantly improved after the increase in ucOC blood levels. Significant improvement in VEGF and CD31 expression after warfarin injection was associated with increased capillary density, neovascularization, and decreased myocardial fibrosis together with the reestablishment of myocardial structural and ultrastructural patterns. CONCLUSION Undercarboxylated osteocalcin may have a promising effect in improving microvascular insufficiency and myocardial dysfunction in DCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nermeen B Sadek
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sarah M Gamal
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Basma E Aboulhoda
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Laila A Rashed
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba M Shawky
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha M Gamal El-Din
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Xu S, Guo R, Li PZ, Li K, Yan Y, Chen J, Wang G, Brand-Saberi B, Yang X, Cheng X. Dexamethasone interferes with osteoblasts formation during osteogenesis through altering IGF-1-mediated angiogenesis. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:15167-15181. [PMID: 30671960 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Dexamethasone (Dex), a synthetic glucocorticoid (GC) with long-lasting treatment effects, has been proved to exert a modulatory effect on osteoblast proliferation and differentiation during embryonic osteogenesis. However, it is still controversial if Dex exposure influences endochondral ossification and the underlying mechanism. In this study, chick embryos in vivo and preosteoblast cell cultures in vitro were utilized to investigate the effects of Dex on osteoblast formation and differentiation during the skeletal development. We first demonstrated that Dex exposure could shorten the long bones of 17-day chick embryos in vivo, and also downregulated the expressions of osteogenesis-related genes. Next, we established that Dex exposure inhibited the proliferation and viability of preosteoblasts-MC3TC-E1 cells, and the addition of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) could dramatically rescue these negative effects. On the basis of remarkable changes in the rescue experiments, we next verified the important role of angiogenesis in osteogenesis by culturing isolated embryonic phalanges in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium culture or on the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). Then, we transplanted MC3T3-E1 cell masses onto the CAM. The data showed that Dex exposure reduced the vessel density within the developed cell mass, concomitantly with the downregulation of IGF-1 pathway. We verified that the inhibition of blood vessel formation caused by Dex could be rescued by IGF-1 treatment using the CAM angiogenesis model. Eventually, we demonstrated that the shortened length of the phalanges in the presence of Dex could be reversed by IGF-1 addition. In summary, these findings suggested that the inhibition of Igf-1 signal caused by Dex exposure exerts a detrimental impact on the formation of osteoblasts and angiogenesis, which consequently shortens long bones during osteogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengsong Xu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei-Zhi Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Yan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianlong Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Beate Brand-Saberi
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Shakeri H, Gevaert AB, Schrijvers DM, De Meyer GRY, De Keulenaer GW, Guns PJDF, Lemmens K, Segers VF. Neuregulin-1 attenuates stress-induced vascular senescence. Cardiovasc Res 2019. [PMID: 29528383 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Cardiovascular ageing is a key determinant of life expectancy. Cellular senescence, a state of irreversible cell cycle arrest, is an important contributor to ageing due to the accumulation of damaged cells. Targeting cellular senescence could prevent age-related cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we investigated the effects of neuregulin-1 (NRG-1), an epidermal growth factor with cardioprotective and anti-atherosclerotic effects, on cellular senescence. Methods and results Senescence was induced in cultured rat aortic endothelial cells (ECs) and aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs) by 2 h exposure to 30 µM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Cellular senescence was confirmed after 72 h using senescence-associated-β-galactosidase staining (SA-β-gal), cell surface area, and western blot analyses of SA pathways (acetyl-p53, p21). Recombinant human NRG-1 (rhNRG-1, 20 ng/mL) significantly reduced H2O2-induced senescence, as shown by a lower number of SA-β-gal positive cells, smaller surface area and lower expression of acetyl-p53. In C57BL/6 male mice rendered diabetic with streptozotocin (STZ), rhNRG-1 attenuated cellular senescence in aortic ECs and SMCs. Next, we created mice with SMC-specific knockdown of the NRG-1 receptor ErbB4. Aortic SMCs isolated from SMC-specific ErbB4 deficient mice (ErbB4f/+ SM22α-Cre+) showed earlier cellular senescence in vitro compared with wild-type (ErbB4+/+ SM22α-Cre+) SMCs. Furthermore, when rendered diabetic with STZ, ErbB4f/+ SM22α-Cre+ male mice showed significantly more vascular senescence than their diabetic wild-type littermates and had increased mortality. Conclusions This study is the first to explore the role of NRG-1 in vascular senescence. Our data demonstrate that NRG-1 markedly inhibits stress-induced premature senescence in vascular cells in vitro and in the aorta of diabetic mice in vivo. Consistently, deficiency in the NRG-1 receptor ErbB4 provokes cellular senescence in vitro as well as in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Shakeri
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Andreas B Gevaert
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Cardiology.,Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dorien M Schrijvers
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Guido R Y De Meyer
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gilles W De Keulenaer
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pieter-Jan D F Guns
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Katrien Lemmens
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vincent F Segers
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Cardiology
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Tetrahydrocurcumin Ameliorates Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Attenuating High Glucose-Induced Oxidative Stress and Fibrosis via Activating the SIRT1 Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:6746907. [PMID: 31210844 PMCID: PMC6532281 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6746907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and fibrosis play a crucial role in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), a major bioactive metabolite of natural antioxidant curcumin, is reported to exert even more effective antioxidative and superior antifibrotic properties as well as anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic abilities. This study was designed to investigate the potential protective effects of THC on experimental DCM and its underlying mechanisms, pointing to the role of high glucose-induced oxidative stress and interrelated fibrosis. In STZ-induced diabetic mice, oral administration of THC (120 mg/kg/d) for 12 weeks significantly improved the cardiac function and ameliorated myocardial fibrosis and cardiac hypertrophy, accompanied by reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Mechanically, THC administration remarkably increased the expression of the SIRT1 signaling pathway both in vitro and in vivo, further evidenced by decreased downstream molecule Ac-SOD2 and enhanced deacetylated production SOD2, which finally strengthened antioxidative stress capacity proven by repaired activities of SOD and GSH-Px and reduced MDA production. Additionally, THC treatment accomplished its antifibrotic effect by depressing the ROS-induced TGFβ1/Smad3 signaling pathway followed by reduced expression of cardiac fibrotic markers α-SMA, collagen I, and collagen III. Collectively, these finds demonstrated the therapeutic potential of THC treatment to alleviate DCM mainly by attenuating hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and fibrosis via activating the SIRT1 pathway.
Collapse
|
41
|
Kosaka T, Nakajima Y, Ishii A, Yamashita M, Yoshida S, Murata M, Kato K, Shiromaru Y, Kato S, Kanasaki Y, Yoshikawa H, Matsutani M, Thanonkeo P, Yamada M. Capacity for survival in global warming: Adaptation of mesophiles to the temperature upper limit. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215614. [PMID: 31063502 PMCID: PMC6504187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change recommends keeping the increase in temperature to less than a two-degree increase by the end of the century, but the direct impact of global warming on ecosystems including microbes has not been investigated. Here we performed thermal adaptation of two species and three strains of mesophilic microbes for improvement of the survival upper limit of temperature, and the improvement was evaluated by a newly developed method. To understand the limitation and variation of thermal adaptation, experiments with mutators and by multiple cultures were performed. The results of experiments including genome sequencing and analysis of the characteristics of mutants suggest that these microbes bear a genomic potential to endure a 2–3°C rise in temperature but possess a limited variation of strategies for thermal adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Kosaka
- Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
- Research Center for Thermotolerant Microbial Resources, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | | | - Ayana Ishii
- Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Maiko Yamashita
- Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Saki Yoshida
- Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Masayuki Murata
- Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Kunpei Kato
- Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yuki Shiromaru
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Shun Kato
- Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yu Kanasaki
- NODAI Genome Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya-ku, Japan
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya-ku, Japan
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yoshikawa
- NODAI Genome Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya-ku, Japan
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya-ku, Japan
| | - Minenosuke Matsutani
- Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Pornthap Thanonkeo
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Mamoru Yamada
- Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
- Research Center for Thermotolerant Microbial Resources, Yamaguchi, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Tang X, Zhong J, Zhang H, Luo Y, Liu X, Peng L, Zhang Y, Qian X, Jiang B, Liu J, Li S, Chen Y. Visit-to-visit fasting plasma glucose variability is an important risk factor for long-term changes in left cardiac structure and function in patients with type 2 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2019; 18:50. [PMID: 30992008 PMCID: PMC6469221 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-019-0854-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the effect of visit-to-visit fasting plasma glucose (FPG) variability on the left cardiac structure and function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS In this prospective cohort study, 455 T2DM patients were included and follow-up for a median of 4.7 years. FPG measured on every hospital visit was collected. FPG variability was calculated by its coefficient of variation (CV-FPG). Left cardiac structure and function were assessed using echocardiography at baseline and after follow-up. Multivariable linear regression analyses were used to estimate the effect of FPG variability on the annualized changes in left cardiac structure and function. Subgroup analysis stratified by mean HbA1c levels (< 7% and ≥ 7%) were also performed. RESULT In multivariable regression analyses, CV-FPG was independently associated with the annualized changes in left ventricle (β = 0.137; P = 0.031), interventricular septum (β = 0.215; P = 0.001), left ventricular posterior wall thickness (β = 0.129; P = 0.048), left ventricular mass index (β = 0.227; P < 0.001), and left ventricular ejection fraction (β = - 0.132; P = 0.030). After additionally stratified by mean HbA1c levels, CV-FPG was still independently associated with the annualized changes in the above parameters in patients with HbA1c ≥ 7%, while not in patients with HbA1c < 7%. CONCLUSIONS Visit-to-visit variability in FPG could be a novel risk factor for the long-term adverse changes in left cardiac structure and systolic function in patients with type 2 diabetes. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02587741), October 27, 2015, retrospectively registered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xixiang Tang
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabosim, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Advanced Medical Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Junlin Zhong
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yanting Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Long Peng
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yanling Zhang
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xiaoxian Qian
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Boxiong Jiang
- Advanced Medical Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jinlai Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Suhua Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| | - Yanming Chen
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabosim, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Soliman AF, Saif-Elnasr M, Abdel Fattah SM. Platelet-rich plasma ameliorates gamma radiation-induced nephrotoxicity via modulating oxidative stress and apoptosis. Life Sci 2019; 219:238-247. [PMID: 30659793 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS As a source of growth factors and with its cytoprotective properties, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) received considerable attention in regenerative medicine. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate the protective efficacy of PRP against γ-radiation-induced nephrotoxicity. MAIN METHODS Forty male rats were distributed in four groups: 1) control, 2) PRP, 3) Radiation, and 4) PRP + radiation. Nephrotoxicity was examined in rats after a whole body γ-irradiation at a single dose of 8 Gy. Activated PRP (0.5 ml/kg BW) was injected subcutaneously twice weekly for three successive weeks prior to γ-irradiation. At the end of the experiment, creatinine, urea, albumin, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) serum levels, as well as renal relative gene expression level of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) were estimated. Further, malondialdehyde level, nitric oxide content and reduced glutathione content in addition to superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were measured. Moreover, the expression levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X (Bax), and caspase-3 proteins were assayed. KEY FINDINGS PRP pre-treatment significantly reduced the radiation-induced abnormalities in kidney histology and attenuated the induced cell injury. Furthermore, PRP notably ameliorated the state of oxidative stress and appeared to inhibit the induced apoptosis. SIGNIFICANCE This study lends a probable protective role of PRP against γ-radiation-induced nephrotoxicity which can highlight the possibilities of its application as a complementary procedure during radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed F Soliman
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mostafa Saif-Elnasr
- Health Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Salma M Abdel Fattah
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Liu Z, Solesio ME, Schaffler MB, Frikha-Benayed D, Rosen CJ, Werner H, Kopchick JJ, Pavlov EV, Abramov AY, Yakar S. Mitochondrial Function Is Compromised in Cortical Bone Osteocytes of Long-Lived Growth Hormone Receptor Null Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:106-122. [PMID: 30216544 PMCID: PMC7080402 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite increased longevity and resistance to multiple stressors, growth hormone receptor null (GHRKO) mice exhibit severe skeletal impairment. The role of GHR in maintaining osteocyte mitochondrial function is unknown. We found that GHR ablation was detrimental to osteocyte mitochondrial function. In vivo multiphoton microscopy revealed significant reductions of >10% in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in GHRKO osteocytes and reduced mitochondrial volumetric density. Reductions in MMP were accompanied by reductions in glucose transporter-1 levels, steady state ATP, NADH redox index, oxygen consumption rate, and mitochondrial reserve capacity in GHRKO osteocytes. Glycolytic capacity did not differ between control and GHRKO males' osteocytes. However, osteocytes from aged female GHRKO mice exhibited reductions in glycolytic parameters, indicating impairments in glucose metabolism, which may be sex dependent. GHRKO osteocytes exhibited increased levels of cytoplasmic reactive oxygen species (ROS) (both basal and in response to high glucose), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and insulin. Mitochondrial ROS levels were increased and correlated with reduced glutathione in GHRKO osteocytes. Overall, the compromised osteocyte mitochondrial function and responses to metabolic insults strongly correlated with skeletal impairments, suggesting that despite increased life span of the GHRKO mice, skeletal health span is decreased. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbo Liu
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria E Solesio
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mitchell B Schaffler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dorra Frikha-Benayed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Haim Werner
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - John J Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Evgeny V Pavlov
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrey Y Abramov
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Shoshana Yakar
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Sun H, Zhang Y, Bai L, Wang Y, Yang L, Su W, Gao S. Heat stress decreased hair follicle population in rex rabbits. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 103:501-508. [PMID: 30593693 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was conducted to investigate the effect of heat stress on the hair follicle population and related signalling pathways in rex rabbits. Forty-eight rabbits were randomly divided into two groups: one group in a high ambient environment (32 ± 2°C, heat stress) and the other group with normal temperature (20 ± 2°C, control). The results show that heat stress decreased the body weight gain and feed conversion rate, rabbit hair length and hair follicle density (p < 0.05). Besides, heat stress suppressed the gene expression of noggin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and IGF-1 receptor and protein expression of phosphorylated mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) in rabbit skin (p < 0.05), while stimulated significantly the gene expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and BMP4 (p < 0.05). Heat exposure did not alter significantly the gene expression of alkaline phosphatase, versican and hepatocyte growth factor compared with the control (p > 0.05). In conclusion, noggin-BMP, IGF-1 and mTOR signalling pathways may be associated with the process of heat stress-repressing hair follicle development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Sun
- Shangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Shangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Liya Bai
- Shangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuding Wang
- Shangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Shangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wenzheng Su
- Shangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shuxia Gao
- Shangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Riehle C, Bauersachs J. Of mice and men: models and mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Basic Res Cardiol 2018; 114:2. [PMID: 30443826 PMCID: PMC6244639 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-018-0711-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of heart failure independent of co-existing hypertension and coronary artery disease. Although several molecular mechanisms for the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy have been identified, they are incompletely understood. The pathomechanisms are multifactorial and as a consequence, no causative treatment exists at this time to modulate or reverse the molecular changes contributing to accelerated cardiac dysfunction in diabetic patients. Numerous animal models have been generated, which serve as powerful tools to study the impact of type 1 and type 2 diabetes on the heart. Despite specific limitations of the models generated, they mimic various perturbations observed in the diabetic myocardium and continue to provide important mechanistic insight into the pathogenesis underlying diabetic cardiomyopathy. This article reviews recent studies in both diabetic patients and in these animal models, and discusses novel hypotheses to delineate the increased incidence of heart failure in diabetic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Riehle
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany.
| | - Johann Bauersachs
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Bernardo BC, Ooi JYY, Weeks KL, Patterson NL, McMullen JR. Understanding Key Mechanisms of Exercise-Induced Cardiac Protection to Mitigate Disease: Current Knowledge and Emerging Concepts. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:419-475. [PMID: 29351515 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00043.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The benefits of exercise on the heart are well recognized, and clinical studies have demonstrated that exercise is an intervention that can improve cardiac function in heart failure patients. This has led to significant research into understanding the key mechanisms responsible for exercise-induced cardiac protection. Here, we summarize molecular mechanisms that regulate exercise-induced cardiac myocyte growth and proliferation. We discuss in detail the effects of exercise on other cardiac cells, organelles, and systems that have received less or little attention and require further investigation. This includes cardiac excitation and contraction, mitochondrial adaptations, cellular stress responses to promote survival (heat shock response, ubiquitin-proteasome system, autophagy-lysosomal system, endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response, DNA damage response), extracellular matrix, inflammatory response, and organ-to-organ crosstalk. We summarize therapeutic strategies targeting known regulators of exercise-induced protection and the challenges translating findings from bench to bedside. We conclude that technological advancements that allow for in-depth profiling of the genome, transcriptome, proteome and metabolome, combined with animal and human studies, provide new opportunities for comprehensively defining the signaling and regulatory aspects of cell/organelle functions that underpin the protective properties of exercise. This is likely to lead to the identification of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for heart disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca C Bernardo
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia ; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences , Victoria , Australia
| | - Jenny Y Y Ooi
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia ; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences , Victoria , Australia
| | - Kate L Weeks
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia ; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences , Victoria , Australia
| | - Natalie L Patterson
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia ; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences , Victoria , Australia
| | - Julie R McMullen
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia ; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences , Victoria , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Li H, Li X, Guo J, Wu G, Dong C, Pang Y, Gao S, Wang Y. Identification of biomarkers and mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy using microarray data. Cardiol J 2018; 27:807-816. [PMID: 30246236 DOI: 10.5603/cj.a2018.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed to uncover the regulation mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) and provide novel prognostic biomarkers. METHODS The dataset GSE62203 downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database was utilized in the present study. After pretreatment using the Affy package, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by the limma package, followed by functional enrichment analysis and protein- protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. Furthermore, module analysis was conducted using MCODE plug-in of Cytoscape, and functional enrichment analysis was also performed for genes in the modules. RESULTS A set of 560 DEGs were screened, mainly enriched in the metabolic process and cell cycle related process. Hub nodes in the PPI network were LDHA (lactate dehydrogenase A), ALDOC (aldolase C, fructose-bisphosphate) and ABCE1 (ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily E Member 1), which were also highlighted in Module 1 or Module 2 and predominantly enriched in the processes of glycolysis and ribosome biogenesis. Additionally, LDHA were linked with ALDOC in the PPI network. Besides, activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) was prominent in Module 3; while myosin heavy chain 6 (MYH6) was highlighted in Module 4 and was mainly involved in muscle cells related biological processes. CONCLUSIONS Five potential biomarkers including LDHA, ALDOC, ABCE1, ATF4 and MYH6 were identified for DCM prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital
| | - Jian Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital
| | - Guifu Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital
| | - Chunping Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital
| | - Yaling Pang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital
| | - Shan Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital
| | - Yangwei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Sivasankar D, George M, Sriram DK. Novel approaches in the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:1039-1045. [PMID: 30119169 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Durgalakshmi Sivasankar
- Department of Clinical Research, Hindu Mission Hospital, West Tambaram, Chennai, 600045, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Melvin George
- Department of Clinical Research, Hindu Mission Hospital, West Tambaram, Chennai, 600045, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Damal Kandadai Sriram
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetology, Hindu Mission Hospital, West Tambaram, Chennai, 600045, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Andrographolide Ameliorates Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in Mice by Blockage of Oxidative Damage and NF- κB-Mediated Inflammation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:9086747. [PMID: 30046380 PMCID: PMC6036810 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9086747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Andrographolide (Andro), a major bioactive component obtained from Andrographis paniculata Nees, has exerted wide antioxidant as well as cytoprotective properties. However, whether Andro treatment could retard the progress of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) remains unknown. In this study, we evaluated the effects of Andro against diabetes-induced myocardial dysfunction and explored the underlying mechanism in STZ-induced diabetic mice. As a result, treatment with Andro dose dependently suppressed cardiac inflammation and oxidative stress, accompanied by decreasing cardiac apoptosis, which subsequently ameliorated cardiac fibrosis and cardiac hypertrophy. Further, Andro blocked hyperglycemia-triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by suppressing NADPH oxidase (NOX) activation and augmenting nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression both in vitro and in vivo. Our results suggest that the cardioprotective effects afforded by Andro treatment involve the modulation of NOX/Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress and NF-κB-mediated inflammation. The present study unravels the therapeutic potential of Andro in the treatment of DCM by attenuating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.
Collapse
|