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Quirós-Fernández R, López-Plaza B, Bermejo LM, Palma Milla S, Zangara A, Candela CG. Oral Supplement Containing Hydroxytyrosol and Punicalagin Improves Dyslipidemia in an Adult Population without Co-Adjuvant Treatment: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled and Crossover Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091879. [PMID: 35565844 PMCID: PMC9103949 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HT) and punicalagin (PC) exert cardioprotective and antiatherosclerotic effects. This study evaluated the effect of an oral supplement containing HT and PC (SAx) on dyslipidemia in an adult population. A randomized, double-blind, controlled, crossover trial was conducted over a 20-week period. SAx significantly reduced the plasma levels of triglycerides (TG) in subjects with hypertriglyceridemia (≥150 mg/dL) (from 200.67 ± 51.38 to 155.33 ± 42.44 mg/dL; p < 0.05), while no such effects were observed in these subjects after the placebo. SAx also significantly decreased the plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in subjects with high plasma levels of LDL-C (≥160 mg/dL) (from 179.13 ± 16.18 to 162.93 ± 27.05 mg/dL; p < 0.01), while no such positive effect was observed with the placebo. In addition, the placebo significantly reduced the plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the total population (from 64.49 ± 12.65 to 62.55 ± 11.57 mg/dL; p < 0.05), while SAx significantly increased the plasma levels of HDL-C in subjects with low plasma levels of HDL-C (<50 mg/dL) (from 44.25 ± 3.99 to 48.00 ± 7.27 mg/dL; p < 0.05). In conclusion, the supplement containing HT and PC exerted antiatherosclerotic and cardio-protective effects by considerably improving dyslipidemia in an adult population, without co-adjuvant treatment or adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Quirós-Fernández
- Nutrition Research Group, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), 28046 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (R.Q.-F.); (B.P.-L.)
| | - Bricia López-Plaza
- Nutrition Research Group, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), 28046 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (R.Q.-F.); (B.P.-L.)
| | - Laura M. Bermejo
- Nutrition Research Group, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), 28046 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Samara Palma Milla
- Nutrition Department, Hospital University La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (S.P.M.); (C.G.C.)
| | - Andrea Zangara
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia;
- Euromed S.A., C/Rec de Dalt, 21-23, Pol. Ind. Can Magarola, 08100 Mollet del Valles, Spain
| | - Carmen Gómez Candela
- Nutrition Department, Hospital University La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (S.P.M.); (C.G.C.)
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Amorim JA, Coppotelli G, Rolo AP, Palmeira CM, Ross JM, Sinclair DA. Mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction in ageing and age-related diseases. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022; 18:243-258. [PMID: 35145250 PMCID: PMC9059418 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-021-00626-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 124.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Organismal ageing is accompanied by progressive loss of cellular function and systemic deterioration of multiple tissues, leading to impaired function and increased vulnerability to death. Mitochondria have become recognized not merely as being energy suppliers but also as having an essential role in the development of diseases associated with ageing, such as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. A growing body of evidence suggests that ageing and age-related diseases are tightly related to an energy supply and demand imbalance, which might be alleviated by a variety of interventions, including physical activity and calorie restriction, as well as naturally occurring molecules targeting conserved longevity pathways. Here, we review key historical advances and progress from the past few years in our understanding of the role of mitochondria in ageing and age-related metabolic diseases. We also highlight emerging scientific innovations using mitochondria-targeted therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- João A Amorim
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Giuseppe Coppotelli
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, College of Pharmacy, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Anabela P Rolo
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos M Palmeira
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jaime M Ross
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, College of Pharmacy, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - David A Sinclair
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Bonilha I, Hajduch E, Luchiari B, Nadruz W, Le Goff W, Sposito AC. The Reciprocal Relationship between LDL Metabolism and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11120807. [PMID: 34940565 PMCID: PMC8708656 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance feature substantial modifications of the lipoprotein profile, including a higher proportion of smaller and denser low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles. In addition, qualitative changes occur in the composition and structure of LDL, including changes in electrophoretic mobility, enrichment of LDL with triglycerides and ceramides, prolonged retention of modified LDL in plasma, increased uptake by macrophages, and the formation of foam cells. These modifications affect LDL functions and favor an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in diabetic individuals. In this review, we discuss the main findings regarding the structural and functional changes in LDL particles in diabetes pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies targeting LDL in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Bonilha
- Cardiology Division, Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory (AtheroLab), State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-887, Brazil; (I.B.); (B.L.)
| | - Eric Hajduch
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, F-75006 Paris, France;
| | - Beatriz Luchiari
- Cardiology Division, Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory (AtheroLab), State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-887, Brazil; (I.B.); (B.L.)
| | - Wilson Nadruz
- Cardiology Division, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Laboratory, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-887, Brazil;
| | - Wilfried Le Goff
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, le Métabolisme et la Nutrition, ICAN, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France;
| | - Andrei C. Sposito
- Cardiology Division, Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory (AtheroLab), State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-887, Brazil; (I.B.); (B.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-19-3521-7098; Fax: +55-19-3289-410
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Martínez-Soto JM, Candia-Plata MDC, López-Soto LF, Soto-Guzmán JA, Camacho-Villa AY, Álvarez-Hernández G, Mata-Pineda AL, Galván-Moroyoqui JM. Increased serum ferritin is associated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein in prediabetes patients: A pilot study. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06720. [PMID: 33912708 PMCID: PMC8063749 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims This pilot study aimed to determine if increased serum ferritin (SF) is associated with cardiovascular risk factors in patients with prediabetes. Methods Eighteen patients with prediabetes and 36 subjects without prediabetes (control), non-white Hispanic, non-indigenous origin, Mexican mestizo descent were included. Participants had no inflammation, or vascular complications. SF and metabolic markers were evaluated in both groups. Results SF and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) were increased in prediabetes subjects. Moreover, in prediabetes and control groups as a whole, natural logarithm (ln)-SF correlated with oxLDL and ln-oxLDL/LDL after adjustment for sex, ln-age, ln-fasting plasma glucose (FPG), ln-body mass index, ln-triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and high-density lipoproteins. Finally, ln-SF was an independent contributor to ln-oxLDL/LDL ratio in control and prediabetes subjects (β = 0.2915) after the introduction of potential confounders such as FPG, TC, TG, and hypertension. Conclusions The results of this study indicate that hyperferritinemia is associated with oxLDL, considered one of the main cardiovascular risk factors, which allows us to suggest that an increase in SF could contribute to the progression of prediabetes, prior to the appearance of diabetes. Further research is required to establish a causal relationship of iron disruption metabolism in oxLDL generation under prediabetes conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Martínez-Soto
- Doctorado en Ciencias Químico Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | | | - Luis Fernando López-Soto
- Departamento de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Ana Lourdes Mata-Pineda
- Departamento de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
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Denorme F, Portier I, Kosaka Y, Campbell RA. Hyperglycemia exacerbates ischemic stroke outcome independent of platelet glucose uptake. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:536-546. [PMID: 33118271 PMCID: PMC7902465 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hyperglycemia is a common comorbidity for ischemic stroke and is associated with worsened neurological outcomes. Platelets are central mediators of ischemic stroke and hyperglycemia mediates platelet hyperactivity. In this study, we investigated the contribution of platelet glucose metabolism to ischemic stroke. METHODS Mice lacking both Glut1 and Glut3 specifically in platelets (DKO) and their littermate controls (WT) were subjected to 1-hour transient middle cerebral artery occlusion under normoglycemic and streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic conditions after which stroke outcomes, platelet activation, and platelet-neutrophil aggregate (PNA) formation were examined. RESULTS Under normoglycemic conditions, DKO mice were protected from ischemic stroke with smaller brain infarct volumes and improved cerebral blood flow. In addition, DKO mice had reduced platelet activation, PNA, and cerebral neutrophil recruitment after stroke. Hyperglycemia significantly increased infarct size and cerebral Evans blue extravasation and worsened neurological outcomes and cerebral blood flow in both WT and DKO mice, abolishing the protective effect witnessed under normoglycemic conditions. Flow cytometric analysis after stroke demonstrated increased platelet activation and neutrophil trafficking to the brain, independent of platelet glucose metabolism. Finally, platelets from healthy DKO mice were unable to become procoagulant upon dual agonist stimulation. Conversely, hyperglycemia increased platelet mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production which potentiated procoagulant platelet formation in WT mice and restored procoagulant platelet formation in DKO mice. CONCLUSION Hyperglycemia aggravates ischemic stroke outcome independent of platelet glucose uptake. Furthermore, we demonstrated that hyperglycemia primes procoagulant platelet formation. This underlines the therapeutic potential for strategies targeting procoagulant platelet formation for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Denorme
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Irina Portier
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Yasuhiro Kosaka
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Robert A. Campbell
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Castelblanco E, Sanjurjo L, Falguera M, Hernández M, Fernandez-Real JM, Sarrias MR, Alonso N, Mauricio D. Circulating Soluble CD36 is Similar in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus versus Non-Diabetic Subjects. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8050710. [PMID: 31109109 PMCID: PMC6571689 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8050710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether plasma concentrations of sCD36 (soluble CD36) are associated with the presence of type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Plasma levels of sCD36 were analysed in 1023 subjects (225 type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients, 276 type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients, and 522 non-diabetic control subjects) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Multinomial and logistic regression models were performed to evaluate associations with sCD36 and its association with diabetes types. There were no significant differences in sCD36 (p = 0.144) among study groups, neither in head-to-head comparisons: non-diabetic versus T1D subjects (p = 0.180), non-diabetic versus T2D subjects (p = 0.583), and T1D versus T2D patients (p = 0.151). In the multinomial model, lower sCD36 concentrations were associated with older age (p < 0.001), tobacco exposure (p = 0.006), T2D (p = 0.020), and a higher-platelets count (p = 0.004). However, in logistic regression models of diabetes, sCD36 showed only a weak association with T2D. The current findings show a weak association of circulating sCD36 with type 2 diabetes and no association with T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmeralda Castelblanco
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, University, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau & Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain.
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Lucía Sanjurjo
- Innate Immunity Group, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain.
| | - Mireia Falguera
- Primary Health Care Cervera, Gerència d'Atenció Primaria, Institut Català de la Salut, Unitat de Suport a la Recerca, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), 25200 Cervera, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida) & University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Marta Hernández
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova & Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain.
| | - José-Manuel Fernandez-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Dr Josep Trueta & Biomedical Research Institute of Girona (IDIBGI), 17007 Girona, Spain.
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), 17007 Girona, Spain.
| | - Maria-Rosa Sarrias
- Innate Immunity Group, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain.
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Liver and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Nuria Alonso
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol & Health Sciences Research Institute, 08916 Badalona, Spain.
| | - Didac Mauricio
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, University, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau & Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain.
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida) & University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
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Vichaibun V, Khananurak K, Sophonnithiprasert T. Comparative analysis of plasma total antioxidant capacity in patients with hyperglycemia and hyperglycemia plus dyslipidemia. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:90-94. [PMID: 30641827 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2018.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to measure plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in order to assess the oxidative stress status and the antioxidant defense system in patients with hyperglycemia and both hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty blood samples of hyperglycemia, 60 blood samples of both hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia and 60 blood samples of normoglycemia and normolipidemia (controls) were collected into study. All samples were measured for the levels of plasma TAC and SOD by colorimetric method using microtiter-plate reader. RESULTS Plasma TAC significantly decreased in patients with hyperglycemia (0.42 ± 0.1 mM) and both hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia 0.41 ± 0.1 mM) compared to those of controls (0.47 ± 0.14) (P < 0.05), whereas plasma SOD significantly increased in patients with hyperglycemia (81.0 ± 17.9 U/ml) and both hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia (83.7 ± 21.3 U/ml) compared to those of controls (73.7 ± 17.4 U/ml) (P < 0.05). However, the levels of plasma TAC and SOD had no significant difference between patients with hyperglycemia and both hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The present study showed the significant difference of plasma TAC and SOD levels in hyperglycemic patients with and without dyslipidemia compared to those of controls. There was no additive or synergistic effect in terms of decreased plasma TAC levels and elevated SOD activities between hyperglycemic patients with and without dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virun Vichaibun
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Science, Rangsit University, Patumthani, 12000, Thailand.
| | | | - Thanet Sophonnithiprasert
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Science, Rangsit University, Patumthani, 12000, Thailand.
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Bouhajja H, Kacem FH, Abdelhedi R, Ncir M, Dimitrov JD, Marrakchi R, Jamoussi K, Rebai A, El Feki A, Abid M, Ayadi H, Kaveri SV, Mnif-Feki M, Bougacha-Elleuch N. Potential Predictive Role of Lipid Peroxidation Markers for Type 2 Diabetes in the Adult Tunisian Population. Can J Diabetes 2018; 42:263-271. [PMID: 28734952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Ameliorating effects of Raphanus sativus leaves on sodium arsenite-induced perturbation of blood indices in Swiss albino mice. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Kopprasch S, Bornstein SR, Bergmann S, Graessler J, Hohenstein B, Julius U. Long-term follow-up of circulating oxidative stress markers in patients undergoing lipoprotein apheresis by Direct Adsorption of Lipids (DALI). ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2017; 30:115-121. [PMID: 29096826 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosissup.2017.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Beyond its well-established efficacy in lowering atherogenic lipids and lipoproteins, DALI (Direct Adsorption of Lipids) apheresis has been shown to have acute anti-inflammatory and endothelium-protective effects. In the present study, we investigated long-term effects of DALI procedures on circulating oxidative stress markers. METHODS Thirteen patients involved in the study underwent regular DALI apheresis for nearly two years. At sessions 1, 40 and 80 conventional lipid status and changes of systemic oxidative stress markers (oxidized LDL, anti-oxidized LDL antibodies, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), and myeloperoxidase (MPO)) were examined. RESULTS DALI procedure efficiently reduced atherogenic lipids/lipoproteins. On day three after apheresis lipid parameters returned to pre-apheresis values. They showed no tendency to increase or to decrease over time. No significant differences were found between 1st, 40th and 80th sessions. In a similar way, levels of oxidative stress biomarkers acutely decreased after apheresis sessions and rebounded on day three after apheresis. No significant differences were observed between sessions 1, 40, and 80. CONCLUSION DALI apheresis repeatedly decreases atherogenic lipid/lipoprotein profile and oxidative stress biomarker levels during each session. Among all investigated parameters no longitudinal effects over two years could be observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffi Kopprasch
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Stefan R Bornstein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sybille Bergmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Juergen Graessler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernd Hohenstein
- Extracorporeal Treatment and Apheresis Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrich Julius
- Extracorporeal Treatment and Apheresis Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
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Serum Oxidized LDL Levels in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Retinopathy in Mthatha Region of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:2063103. [PMID: 27433285 PMCID: PMC4940560 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2063103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) is a powerful natural prooxidant derived from native LDL by cell-mediated oxidation. Such oxidation occurs more easily in glycated LDL as observed in diabetes mellitus. We evaluated and compared selected biomarkers of oxidative stress and total antioxidant (TAO) levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with and without retinopathy in the Mthatha region of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The participants totaled to 140 and this number comprised 98 diabetic patients on treatment, stratified by diabetes (54) and diabetes with retinopathy (44). Forty-two nondiabetic healthy controls made up the 140. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile, serum ox-LDL, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and TAO levels were measured. A statistically significant increase in FPG, HbA1c, TBARS, and ox-LDL and a significant decrease in TAO levels were seen in T2DM patients with retinopathy as compared to controls. A significant negative correlation was observed between TAO and ox-LDL levels in the diabetic group. In multiple linear regression analyses, duration of diabetes, triglyceride, TAO, and LDL cholesterol were found to be significantly associated with ox-LDL. In multiple logistic regression analyses, ox-LDL [OR 1.02 (1.01–1.03), P = 0.005] was the only risk factor and was significantly associated with the presence of retinopathy.
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Harmon ME, Campen MJ, Miller C, Shuey C, Cajero M, Lucas S, Pacheco B, Erdei E, Ramone S, Nez T, Lewis J. Associations of Circulating Oxidized LDL and Conventional Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease in a Cross-Sectional Study of the Navajo Population. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0143102. [PMID: 26938991 PMCID: PMC4777541 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalences of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) have increased among the Navajo Native American community in recent decades. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) is a novel CVD biomarker that has never been assessed in the Navajo population. We examined the relationship of oxLDL to conventional CVD and T2D risk factors and biomarkers in a cross-sectional population of Navajo participants. This cross-sectional study included 252 participants from 20 Navajo communities from the Diné Network for Environmental Health Project. Plasma samples were tested for oxLDL levels by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the relationship of oxLDL and oxidized- to non-oxidized lipoprotein ratios to glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL6) and demographic and health variables. Type 2 diabetes, hypertension and obesity are very prevalent in this Navajo population. HbA1c, CRP, body mass index (BMI), high-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides were at levels that may increase risk for CVD and T2D. Median oxLDL level was 47 (36.8–57) U/L. Correlational analysis showed that although oxLDL alone was not associated with HbA1c, oxLDL/HDL, oxLDL/LDL and CRP were significantly associated with HbA1c and glucose. OxLDL, oxLDL/HDL and oxLDL/LDL were significantly associated with CRP. Multivariate analysis showed that triglycerides were a common and strong predictor of oxLDL, oxLDL/HDL and oxLDL/LDL. OxLDL was trended with HbA1c and glucose but did not reach significance, however, HbA1c was an independent predictor of OxLDL/HDL. CRP trended with oxLDL/HDL and was a weak predictor of oxLDL/LDL. This Navajo subset appears to have oxLDL levels comparable to subjects without evidence of CVD reported in other studies. The high prevalence of T2D, hypertension and obesity along with abnormal levels of other biomarkers including HbA1c indicate that the Navajo population has a worsening CVD risk profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly E. Harmon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Community Environmental Health Program, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Matthew J. Campen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Community Environmental Health Program, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Curtis Miller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Community Environmental Health Program, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Chris Shuey
- Southwest Research and Information Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Miranda Cajero
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Community Environmental Health Program, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Selita Lucas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Community Environmental Health Program, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Bernadette Pacheco
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Community Environmental Health Program, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Esther Erdei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Community Environmental Health Program, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Sandy Ramone
- Southwest Research and Information Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Teddy Nez
- Southwest Research and Information Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Johnnye Lewis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Community Environmental Health Program, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
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Gradinaru D, Borsa C, Ionescu C, Prada GI. Oxidized LDL and NO synthesis--Biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and ageing. Mech Ageing Dev 2015; 151:101-13. [PMID: 25804383 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and nitric oxide (NO) exert contradictory actions within the vascular endothelium microenvironment influencing key events in atherogenesis. OxLDL and NO are so far regarded as representative parameters of oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction, new targets in prevention, diagnosis and therapy of cardiovascular diseases, and also as candidate biomarkers in evaluating the human biological age. The aim of this review is to explore recent literature on molecular mechanisms and pathophysiological relationships between LDL oxidation, NO synthesis and vascular endothelium function/dysfunction in ageing, focusing on the following aspects: (1) the impact of metabolic status on both LDL oxidation and NO synthesis in relation with oxidative stress, (2) the use of oxidized LDL and NO activity as biomarkers in human studies reporting on cardiovascular outcomes, and (3) evidences supporting the importance of oxidized LDL and NO activity as relevant biomarkers in vascular ageing and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gradinaru
- Ana Aslan National Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 9 Caldarusani Street, Sector 1, P.O. Box 2-4, 011241 Bucharest, Romania; Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, 6 Taian Vuia Street, Sector 2, 020956 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Claudia Borsa
- Ana Aslan National Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 9 Caldarusani Street, Sector 1, P.O. Box 2-4, 011241 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristina Ionescu
- Ana Aslan National Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 9 Caldarusani Street, Sector 1, P.O. Box 2-4, 011241 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriel Ioan Prada
- Ana Aslan National Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 9 Caldarusani Street, Sector 1, P.O. Box 2-4, 011241 Bucharest, Romania; Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, 37 Dionisie Lupu Street, Sector 2, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
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Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein and High Sensitive C-Reactive Protein in Non-Diabetic, Pre-Diabetic and Diabetic Patients in the Acute Phase of the First Myocardial Infarction Treated by Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. J Med Biochem 2015; 34:160-169. [PMID: 28356828 PMCID: PMC4922321 DOI: 10.2478/jomb-2014-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) are elevated in diabetes mellitus (DM) and associated with accelerated atherosclerosis. Little is known about their dynamics in the acute phase of ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), especially in relation to the presence of DM and pre-diabetes (pre-DM). This study aimed to analyze time-dependent changes in ox-LDL and hs-CRP regarding the presence of pre-DM and DM in STEMI patients treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). Methods In 103 consecutive patients with the first anterior STEMI ox-LDL and hs-CRP were measured before pPCI, on day 2 and day 7 after pPCI. Results Patients were classified into: non-diabetics, pre-diabetics and diabetics. In each group the maximal ox-LDL concentration was found on admission, decreased on day 2 and reached the lowest values on day 7 (p<0.001). Diabetics had the highest ox-LDL concentrations compared to pre-diabetics and non-diabetics (on admission: p=0.028, on day 2: p=0.056, on day 7: p=0.004). hs-CRP concentration rose from admission, reached its peak on day 2 and decreased on day 7, in each group (p<0.001). Significant differences in hs-CRP concentrations were found between non-diabetics and pre-diabetics on admission (p=0.018) and day 2 (p=0.026). In a multivariate analysis DM was an independent determinant of high ox-LDL concentrations. Both ox-LDL and hs-CRP significantly correlated with Killip class, left ventricular ejection fraction, NT-proBNP and peak troponin I. Conclusions In patients with the first STEMI treated by pPCI there were significant differences in ox-LDL and hs-CRP concentrations between non-diabetics, pre-diabetics and diabetics. Ox-LDL and hs-CRP concentrations were related to heart failure parameters.
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Linna MS, Ahotupa M, Kukkonen-Harjula K, Fogelholm M, Vasankari TJ. Co-existence of insulin resistance and high concentrations of circulating oxidized LDL lipids. Ann Med 2015; 47:394-8. [PMID: 26300237 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2015.1043939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Insulin metabolism has been previously linked to oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL), but corroborating intervention studies are lacking. We investigated whether changes in ox-LDL levels are accompanied by changes in insulin sensitivity in a 32-month life-style intervention study. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 2-month weight reduction was followed by 6-month diet and exercise counselling and a 2-year follow-up period. Men of 35-50 years of age, BMI ≥ 30 kg/m(2), and waist circumference > 100 cm were recruited via newspapers in the city of Tampere, Finland. Of the 90 men meeting the inclusion criteria, 67 (76%) completed the study. Ox-LDL was estimated as the presence of oxidized lipids in LDL. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), ox-LDL, and ratio of ox-LDL and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (ox-LDL/HDL-c) were used as the main outcome measures. RESULTS The detected changes in HOMA-IR were strikingly similar to those in ox-LDL and ox-LDL/HDL-c. Compared to the first HOMA-IR quartile, the fourth quartile had 23%-51% higher concentrations in ox-LDL and ox-LDL/HDL-c at all time points (P < 0.05 for all). CONCLUSION This weight reduction intervention study adds evidence to support the connection between insulin metabolism and oxidized LDL, possibly contributing to the higher incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases among diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meri S Linna
- a Paavo Nurmi Centre, Department of Physical Activity and Health , University of Turku , Turku , Finland
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16
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Trpkovic A, Resanovic I, Stanimirovic J, Radak D, Mousa SA, Cenic-Milosevic D, Jevremovic D, Isenovic ER. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein as a biomarker of cardiovascular diseases. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2014; 52:70-85. [DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2014.992063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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17
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Erdem SS, Toker A, Kayrak M, Çiçekler H, Gönülalan G, Abdulhalikov T, Yerlikaya FH, Kaya A. Oxidant and antioxidant parameters in prediabetes and diabetes. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-013-0185-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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18
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Ramos-Arellano LE, Muñoz-Valle JF, De la Cruz-Mosso U, Salgado-Bernabé AB, Castro-Alarcón N, Parra-Rojas I. Circulating CD36 and oxLDL levels are associated with cardiovascular risk factors in young subjects. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2014; 14:54. [PMID: 24766787 PMCID: PMC4012526 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2261-14-54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) results from a combination of abnormalities in lipoprotein metabolism, oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and susceptibility to thrombosis. Atherosclerosis is the major cause of CVD. CD36 has been shown to play a critical role in the development of atherosclerotic lesions by its capacity to bind and promote endocytosis of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and is implicated in the formation of foam cells. The purpose of this research was to evaluate whether there is an association of sCD36 and oxLDL levels with cardiovascular risk factors in young subjects. METHODS A total of 188 subjects, 18 to 25 years old, 133 normal-weight and 55 obese subjects from the state of Guerrero, Mexico were recruited in the study. The lipid profile and glucose levels were measured by enzymatic colorimetric assays. Enzyme-linked immunosorbant assays (ELISA) for oxLDL and sCD36 were performed. Statistical analyses of data were performed with Wilcoxon- Mann Whitney and chi-square tests as well as with multinomial regression. RESULTS TC, LDL-C, TG, oxLDL and sCD36 levels were higher in obese subjects than in normal-weight controls, as well as, monocyte and platelet counts (P < 0.05). Obese subjects had 5.8 times higher risk of sCD36 in the third tertil (>97.8 ng/mL) than normal-weight controls (P = 0.014), and 7.4 times higher risk of oxLDL levels in third tertile (>48 U/L) than control group. The subjects with hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, fasting impaired LDL-C had a higher risk of oxLDL levels in the third tertile (>48 U/L) than the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Circulating CD36 and oxLDL levels are associated with cardiovascular risk factors in young subjects and may be potential early markers for cardiovascular disease (CVD).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Isela Parra-Rojas
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Obesidad y Diabetes, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México.
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Nour Eldin EEM, Almarzouki A, Assiri AM, Elsheikh OM, Mohamed BEA, Babakr AT. Oxidized low density lipoprotein and total antioxidant capacity in type-2 diabetic and impaired glucose tolerance Saudi men. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2014; 6:94. [PMID: 25221629 PMCID: PMC4161898 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-6-94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative modification of low density lipoproteins (LDL) convert these native particles into pathogenic, immunogenic and atherogenic particles. Factors enhance LDL oxidation are poorly understood, especially in conditions of hyperglycemia. The present study was conducted to investigate which metabolic conditions are associated with the promotion of LDL oxidation in different glycemic situations. METHODS Adult male participants (274) were selected from patients admitted to the outpatient department of Diabetes Center in Al-Noor Specialized Hospital in Makkah and other citizens and residents in the city. The studied group was classified into three sub-groups: Group-I: control group of non-diabetic normal subjects, Group-II: subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and Group-III: cases of type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Measurement of fasting blood glucose, 2 hour post-prandial blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglycerides, serum cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, ox-LDL, Total Antoxidant capacity (TAC) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) were performed. The obtained results were statistically analyzed. RESULTS Oxidation of native LDL increase nearly two folds in Type-2 DM group compared to controls. There is also significant increase in Ox-LDL of IGT group compared to controls. The correlation between Ox-LDL concentration and HbA1c in the whole population of the study confirms the increased Ox-LDL in subjects with hyperglycemia. A negative correlation exists between the concentration of Ox-LDL and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in each studied group and in the whole population of the study as well. A positive correlation also exists between Ox-LDL concentrations and LDL values, more clear in controls and Type-2 DM, while this correlation was not significant in IGT group. The ratio of LDL oxidation as expressed by ox-LDL/LDL was increased in IGT group compared to control. More significant increase was observed in type-2 DM group. CONCLUSION We concluded that the concentration of Ox-LDL increased in subjects with type-2 DM and IGT compared to controls. Moreover, oxidation of native LDL was associated with low levels of TAC and positively correlated with LDL levels, total cholesterol, HbA1c, body mass index (BMI) and increased age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdullah Almarzouki
- />Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudia Arabia
| | - Adel Mohamed Assiri
- />Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Abdia, Makkah Saudia Arabia
| | - Osman Mohammed Elsheikh
- />Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, International University of Africa, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | - Abdullatif Taha Babakr
- />Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudia Arabia
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20
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Walenbergh SMA, Koek GH, Bieghs V, Shiri-Sverdlov R. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: the role of oxidized low-density lipoproteins. J Hepatol 2013. [PMID: 23183522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is hallmarked by lipid accumulation in the liver (steatosis) along with inflammation (hepatitis). The transition from simple steatosis towards NASH represents a key step in pathogenesis, as it will set the stage for further severe liver damage. Yet, the pathogenesis behind hepatic inflammation is still poorly understood. It is of relevance to better understand the underlying mechanisms involved in NASH in order to apply new knowledge to potential novel therapeutic approaches. In the current review, we propose oxidized cholesterol as a novel risk factor for NASH. Here, we summarize mouse and human studies that provide possible mechanisms for the involvement of oxidized low-density lipoproteins in NASH and consequent potential novel diagnostic tools and treatment strategies for hepatic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie M A Walenbergh
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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21
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Tang TS, Prior SL, Li KW, Ireland HA, Bain SC, Hurel SJ, Cooper JA, Humphries SE, Stephens JW. Association between the rs1050450 glutathione peroxidase-1 (C > T) gene variant and peripheral neuropathy in two independent samples of subjects with diabetes mellitus. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2012; 22:417-425. [PMID: 21185702 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2010.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Revised: 06/02/2010] [Accepted: 08/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1) is an endogenous anti-oxidant enzyme. The T allele of the GPx-1 rs1050450 (C > T) gene variant is associated with reduced enzyme activity. Our aim was to examine the association between this gene variant and peripheral neuropathy in two cross-sectional samples of subjects with diabetes: (i) 773 Caucasian subjects were genotyped from the UCL Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease Study (UDACS) and (ii) 382 Caucasian subjects from the Ealing Diabetes Study (EDS). Peripheral neuropathy status (and oxidised-LDL [Ox-LDL:LDL] and plasma Total Ant-ioxidant Status [TAOS] in UDACS), were analysed in relation to genotype. We observed that: (i) In UDACS, the odds ratio (OR) for peripheral neuropathy in the T allele carriers compared to the CC genotype was 1.61 [1.10-2.28], p = 0.01. This remained significant after adjustment for other risk factors. Ox-LDL:LDL ratio was significantly elevated in T allele carriers (CC vs. CT/TT: 16.3 ± 2.4 v 18.0 ± 2.9 U/mmol LDL, p = 0.02). (ii) In EDS, the OR for peripheral neuropathy in the T allele carriers compared to the CC genotype was 1.95 [1.11-3.42], p = 0.02. This remained significant after adjustment for other risk factors. In conclusion, we observed a significant association between the T allele and peripheral neuropathy and LDL oxidation. This is the first paper to examine the rs1050450 variant in two samples of Caucasian subjects with diabetes. Prospective analysis of the gene variant is required in diabetic and healthy cohorts with measured plasma markers of oxidative stress to investigate the described association further.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Tang
- Diabetes Research Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
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22
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Modified high-density lipoprotein modulates aldosterone release through scavenger receptors via extra cellular signal-regulated kinase and Janus kinase-dependent pathways. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 366:1-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1274-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Impaired hepatic insulin signalling in PON2-deficient mice: a novel role for the PON2/apoE axis on the macrophage inflammatory response. Biochem J 2011; 436:91-100. [PMID: 21361875 DOI: 10.1042/bj20101891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic glucose metabolism is strongly influenced by oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory stimuli. PON2 (paraoxonase 2), an enzyme with undefined antioxidant properties, protects against atherosclerosis. PON2-deficient (PON2-def) mice have elevated hepatic oxidative stress coupled with an exacerbated inflammatory response from PON2-deficient macrophages. In the present paper, we demonstrate that PON2 deficiency is associated with inhibitory insulin-mediated phosphorylation of hepatic IRS-1 (insulin receptor substrate-1). Unexpectedly, we observed a marked improvement in the hepatic IRS-1 phosphorylation state in PON2-def/apoE (apolipoprotein E)(-/-) mice, relative to apoE(-/-) mice. Factors secreted from activated macrophage cultures derived from PON2-def and PON2-def/apoE(-/-) mice are sufficient to modulate insulin signalling in cultured hepatocytes in a manner similar to that observed in vivo. We show that the protective effect on insulin signalling in PON2-def/apoE(-/-) mice is directly associated with altered production of macrophage pro-inflammatory mediators, but not elevated intracellular oxidative stress levels. We further present evidence that modulation of the macrophage inflammatory response in PON2-def/apoE(-/-) mice is mediated by a shift in the balance of NO and ONOO(-) (peroxynitrite) formation. Our results demonstrate that PON2 plays an important role in hepatic insulin signalling and underscores the influence of macrophage-mediated inflammatory response on hepatic insulin sensitivity.
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Goettsch C, Rauner M, Hamann C, Sinningen K, Hempel U, Bornstein SR, Hofbauer LC. Nuclear factor of activated T cells mediates oxidised LDL-induced calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells. Diabetologia 2011; 54:2690-701. [PMID: 21701818 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-011-2219-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Vascular calcification is a prominent feature of both atherosclerosis and diabetes, and is clinically associated with osteoporosis. The expression of bone-regulatory factors and the impact of oxidative stress in aortic calcification are well-documented. Recently, nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) cytoplasmic, calcineurin-dependent 1 (NFATc1) was identified in calcified aortic valves and has been implicated in vascular calcification. Therefore, we assessed the mechanisms of osteogenic transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells induced by oxidised LDL (oxLDL) and evaluated the role of NFAT in this process. METHODS Human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMCs) were cultured for 21 days in medium supplemented with oxLDL. NFAT was inhibited using the NFAT inhibitor VIVIT, or by knockdown with small interfering RNA (siRNA). Osteogenic transdifferentiation was assessed by gene expression, matrix mineralisation and alkaline phosphatase activity. RESULTS Exposure to oxLDL caused the transformation of HCASMCs towards an osteoblast-like phenotype based on increased mineral matrix formation and RUNX2 expression. NFATc1 blockade completely prevented oxLDL-induced osteogenic transformation of HCASMCs as well as oxLDL-induced stimulation of osteoblast differentiation. In contrast, matrix mineralisation induced by osteogenic medium was independent of the NFAT pathway. Of note, oxLDL-conditioned medium from HCASMCs transferred to bone cells promoted osteoblast mineralisation. Consistent with these in vitro findings, diabetic rats with a twofold increase in oxidised lipid levels displayed higher aortic calcium concentrations and increased expression of osteogenic markers and production of NFATc1. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our results identify the NFAT signalling pathway as a novel regulator of oxLDL-induced transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells towards an osteoblast-like phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Goettsch
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technical University Medical Center, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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Devaney JM, Thompson PD, Visich PS, Saltarelli WA, Gordon PM, Orkunoglu-Suer EF, Gordish-Dressman H, Harmon BT, Bradbury MK, Panchapakesan K, Khianey R, Hubal MJ, Clarkson PM, Pescatello LS, Zoeller RF, Moyna NM, Angelopoulos TJ, Kraus WE, Hoffman EP. The 1p13.3 LDL (C)-associated locus shows large effect sizes in young populations. Pediatr Res 2011; 69:538-43. [PMID: 21297524 PMCID: PMC3606915 DOI: 10.1203/pdr.0b013e3182139227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified polymorphic loci associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors (i.e. serum lipids) in adult populations (42-69 y). We hypothesized that younger populations would show a greater relative genetic component due to fewer confounding variables. We examined the influence of 20 GWAS loci associated with serum lipids and insulin metabolism, in a university student cohort (n = 548; mean age = 24 y), and replicated statistically associated results in a second study cohort of primary school students (n = 810, mean age = 11.5 y). Nineteen loci showed no relationship with studied risk factors in young adults. However, the ancestral allele of the rs646776 (SORT1) locus was strongly associated with increased LDL (C) in young adults [TT: 97.6 ± 1.0 mg/dL (n = 345) versus CT/CC: 87.3 ± 1.0 mg/dL (n = 203); p = 3 × 10(x6)] and children [TT: 94.0 ± 1.3 mg/dL (n = 551) versus CT/CC: 84.7 ± 1.4 mg/dL (n = 259); p = 4 × 10(x6)]. This locus is responsible for 3.6% of population variance in young adults and 2.5% of population variance in children. The effect size of the SORT1 locus is considerably higher in young populations (2.5-4.1%) compared with older subjects (1%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Devaney
- Department of Integrative Systems Biology, Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
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Al-Aubaidy HA, Jelinek HF. 8-Hydroxy-2-deoxy-guanosine identifies oxidative DNA damage in a rural prediabetes cohort. Redox Rep 2010; 15:155-60. [PMID: 20663291 DOI: 10.1179/174329210x12650506623681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rising levels of oxidative stress play an important role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, we investigated the serum level of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxy-guanosine (8-OHdG) as an early oxidative stress marker in patients with prediabetes and with type 2 diabetes mellitus. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Convenience sampling from people attending a diabetes screening clinic. Participants at the rural diabetes screening clinic had their medical history recorded as well as body mass index, blood glucose, cholesterol, glutathione, malondialdehyde, fasting blood glucose and 8-OHdG measured. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA followed by Sheffe posthoc test for between-group differences. RESULTS The 8-OHdG level was significantly greater in the prediabetes (516.5 +/- 260 pg/ml) compared to control group (177.8 +/- 91 pg/ml; P < 0.01). The diabetes group (1926.9 +/- 1197 pg/ml) had the highest level of 8-OHdG, being approximately four times greater compared to the prediabetes group (P < 0.001). No significant change in the cholesterol profile, MDA level indicative of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity as measured by erythrocyte reduced glutathione was observed in the prediabetes group compared to the control group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS 8-OHdG levels in both the prediabetes and diabetes group were increased from control values suggesting a role for 8-OHdG as an early disease marker that may be more sensitive compared to cholesterol, MDA and erythrocyte reduced glutathione levels, which were within normal limits. This is of clinical significance as 8-OHdG is a strong indicator of oxidative stress related DNA damage within blood vessel walls and other tissue that increases the risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder A Al-Aubaidy
- Faculty of Science, Charles Sturt University, Albury, New South Wales, Australia.
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Modulation of adrenal aldosterone release by oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein. Am J Hypertens 2010; 23:1061-8. [PMID: 20559286 DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2010.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum aldosterone is a causative factor for various metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is a major cholesterol source for aldosterone steroidogenesis; however, the effect of oxidative modification of LDL on aldosterone release is not known. We studied the effect of hypochlorite-oxidized LDL (oxLDL) on adrenal aldosterone secretion. METHODS LDL (native LDL (natLDL)) was obtained from healthy volunteers and oxidatively modified in vitro. NCI-H295R cells were stimulated with natLDL and oxLDL, and the aldosterone release was quantified by radioimmunoassay. Molecular changes were studied with western blot analysis and quantitative RT-PCR analysis. RESULTS NatLDL and oxLDL caused dose-dependent increase in aldosterone release up to threefold. However, the stimulatory effects of modified LDL on aldosterone secretion decreased with increasing degree of LDL oxidation. 24-h incubations with natLDL, mild- and medium-oxidized LDL sensitized the adrenocortical cells to subsequent angiotensin II (Ang II) stimulations by 2.9-, 2.8-, and 2.5-folds, respectively. Heavily oxidized LDL did not sensitize the cells to Ang II stimulations to a similar extent. At the molecular level, the ERK pathway was activated within a minute by both natLDL and oxLDL; however, oxLDL showed a stronger (2.75-fold at 1 and 15 min) and longer (15 min) activation of ERK than natLDL (twofold). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the following: (i) both natLDL and hypochlorite-oxidized LDL utilize ERK pathway to mediate aldosterone release; (ii) mildly oxidized LDL sensitizes the adrenocortical cells to further stimulations by Ang II similar to natLDL that may have a role in pathological processes; (iii) extensive LDL oxidation counteracts adrenocortical aldosterone release.
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Chang NW, Wu CT, Wang SY, Pei RJ, Lin CF. Alpinia pricei Hayata rhizome extracts have suppressive and preventive potencies against hypercholesterolemia. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:2350-6. [PMID: 20561946 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Revised: 04/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 70% ethanol extracts of Alpinia pricei (APE) on lipid profiles and lipid peroxidation. Syrian hamsters were fed a chow-based hypercholesterolemic diet (HCD) for 2 weeks to induce hypercholesterolemia (>250 mg/dl). To evaluate the potency of APE in suppressing hypercholesterolemia, hamsters were then fed HCD plus a high dose (500 mg/kg body weight) or a low dose (250 mg/kg body weight) of APE, or only HCD for another 4 weeks. We found that hypercholesterolemic hamsters fed a high dose of APE had lower serum total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, lower thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities, lower atherogenic indices (LDL-C/HDL-C and TC/HDL-C ratios), and lower hepatic protein expression of peroxisome proliferators activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) than hamsters fed a HCD diet. In addition, we also determined the preventive effects of APE on hamsters fed a HCD for 6 weeks. The hypocholesterolemic effects were also found in hamsters co-fed a high dose of APE and HCD for 6weeks. These results suggest that APE has both suppressive and preventive potencies against hypercholesterolemia and has the potency to protect against lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N W Chang
- Departments of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 404, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
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Ezgü F, Tümer L, Ozbay F, Hasanoglu A, Biberoğlu G, Aybay C. Homocysteine, fibrinogen and anti-ox-LDL antibody levels as markers of atherosclerosis in prepubertal obese children. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2009; 22:915-20. [PMID: 20020579 DOI: 10.1515/jpem.2009.22.10.915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homocysteine, fibrinogen and antibodies to oxidised LDL were shown to be important markers of atherosclerosis in adults. AIM To investigate the levels of these three risk factors in prepubertal obese children. METHODS Fasting homocysteine, fibrinogen and antibodies to oxidised LDL, plasma lipids, insulin, HbA1c and blood glucose levels were investigated in 30 prepubertal obese and 28 control children 6-9 years old. Investigations in the obese group were repeated after an oral glucose tolerance test. RESULTS Fasting fibrinogen levels of the obese children were found to be significantly higher than those in the controls. Anti-ox-LDL antibody levels increased significantly after an oral glucose tolerance test. CONCLUSION Fasting fibrinogen and postload ox-LDL levels which could act as important markers of coronary heart disease in later life could also be important risk factors in prepubertal obese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Ezgü
- Department of Pediatrics, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
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30
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Wu CH, Lin JA, Hsieh WC, Yen GC. Low-density-lipoprotein (LDL)-bound flavonoids increase the resistance of LDL to oxidation and glycation under pathophysiological concentrations of glucose in vitro. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:5058-5064. [PMID: 19489629 DOI: 10.1021/jf9001445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The higher susceptibility of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to oxidation and glycation in diabetes has been shown to be related to poor glycemic control. The aim of this study was to determine whether LDL-bound flavonoids attenuate high-glucose (HG)-mediated LDL oxidation and glycation. For this purpose, human plasma was preincubated with individual flavonoids for 3 h, followed by sequential ultracentrifugation and extensive dialysis to remove unbound flavonoid samples. Enriched LDL was subsequently isolated and challenged for its resistance to oxidation and glycation. Results showed that glucose (5-30 mM) dose-dependently accelerates copper (Cu(2+))-mediated LDL oxidative modification. The enrichment of flavonoids such as luteolin, naringenin, and kaempferol significantly increased the resistance of LDL to oxidation and prevented endogenous alpha-tocopherol consumption caused by HG/Cu(2+) (p < 0.05). The long-term glycation of LDL, which was measured by advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs)-related fluorescence and boronate affinity chromatography, was found to be inhibited by LDL-bound flavonoids in the following order: rutin > luteolin > quercetin > kaempferol > naringenin > catechin approximately EC > naringin. Moreover, a solid-phase extraction system with HPLC-diode array detection provided evidence that flavonoids were bound to LDL particles to a certain extent concurrently facilitating the lipoprotein antioxidant and antiglycation activities. In conclusion, this study supports the hypothesis that HG promoted oxidative and glycative modifications of LDL. This is the first study to show that the introduction of flavonoids into LDL particles protects the lipoprotein against glycotoxin-mediated adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hao Wu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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31
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Kopprasch S, Pietzsch J, Ansurudeen I, Graessler J, Krug AW, Ehrhart-Bornstein M, Bornstein SR. Prediabetic and diabetic in vivo modification of circulating low-density lipoprotein attenuates its stimulatory effect on adrenal aldosterone and cortisol secretion. J Endocrinol 2009; 200:45-52. [PMID: 18835979 DOI: 10.1677/joe-08-0293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and abnormal aldosterone and cortisol metabolism have been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (DM2) and diabetic vascular disease. Since LDL serves as a major cholesterol source for adrenal steroidogenesis, we investigated whether LDL modification in prediabetic and diabetic subjects influences adrenocortical aldosterone and cortisol release. LDL was isolated from 30 subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT-LDL), 30 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT-LDL), and 26 patients with DM2 (DM2-LDL). Oxidation and glycoxidation characteristics of LDL apolipoprotein B100 of each individual was assessed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Human adrenocortical cells (NCI-H295R) were incubated for 24 h with 100 microg/ml LDL and after removal of supernatants stimulated for a further 24 h with angiotensin II (AngII). In supernatants, aldosterone and cortisol secretion was measured. IGT-LDL and DM2-LDL were substantially more modified than NGT-LDL. Each of the five measured oxidation/glycoxidation markers was significantly positively associated with glycemic control, measured as HbA(1c). LDL from all subjects stimulated both the basal and AngII-induced aldosterone and cortisol release from adrenocortical cells. However, hormone secretion was significantly inversely related to the degree of LDL oxidation/glycoxidation. We conclude that LDL modifications in IGT and DM2 subjects may have significant clinical benefits by counteracting prediabetic and diabetic overactivity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and enhanced cortisol generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffi Kopprasch
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Pathological Biochemistry, Carl Gustav Carus Medical School, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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Grassi D, Desideri G, Necozione S, Lippi C, Casale R, Properzi G, Blumberg JB, Ferri C. Blood pressure is reduced and insulin sensitivity increased in glucose-intolerant, hypertensive subjects after 15 days of consuming high-polyphenol dark chocolate. J Nutr 2008; 138:1671-6. [PMID: 18716168 DOI: 10.1093/jn/138.9.1671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavanols from chocolate appear to increase nitric oxide bioavailability, protect vascular endothelium, and decrease cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. We sought to test the effect of flavanol-rich dark chocolate (FRDC) on endothelial function, insulin sensitivity, beta-cell function, and blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). After a run-in phase, 19 hypertensives with IGT (11 males, 8 females; 44.8 +/- 8.0 y) were randomized to receive isocalorically either FRDC or flavanol-free white chocolate (FFWC) at 100 g/d for 15 d. After a wash-out period, patients were switched to the other treatment. Clinical and 24-h ambulatory BP was determined by sphygmometry and oscillometry, respectively, flow-mediated dilation (FMD), oral glucose tolerance test, serum cholesterol and C-reactive protein, and plasma homocysteine were evaluated after each treatment phase. FRDC but not FFWC ingestion decreased insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; P < 0.0001) and increased insulin sensitivity (quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, insulin sensitivity index (ISI), ISI(0); P < 0.05) and beta-cell function (corrected insulin response CIR(120); P = 0.035). Systolic (S) and diastolic (D) BP decreased (P < 0.0001) after FRDC (SBP, -3.82 +/- 2.40 mm Hg; DBP, -3.92 +/- 1.98 mm Hg; 24-h SBP, -4.52 +/- 3.94 mm Hg; 24-h DBP, -4.17 +/- 3.29 mm Hg) but not after FFWC. Further, FRDC increased FMD (P < 0.0001) and decreased total cholesterol (-6.5%; P < 0.0001), and LDL cholesterol (-7.5%; P < 0.0001). Changes in insulin sensitivity (Delta ISI - Delta FMD: r = 0.510, P = 0.001; Delta QUICKI - Delta FMD: r = 0.502, P = 0.001) and beta-cell function (Delta CIR(120) - Delta FMD: r = 0.400, P = 0.012) were directly correlated with increases in FMD and inversely correlated with decreases in BP (Delta ISI - Delta 24-h SBP: r = -0.368, P = 0.022; Delta ISI - Delta 24-h DBP r = -0.384, P = 0.017). Thus, FRDC ameliorated insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function, decreased BP, and increased FMD in IGT hypertensive patients. These findings suggest flavanol-rich, low-energy cocoa food products may have a positive impact on CVD risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Grassi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Public Health, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
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Irace C, Cortese C, Fiaschi E, Scavelli F, Liberatoscioli L, Federici G, Gnasso A. The influence of PON1 192 polymorphism on endothelial function in diabetic subjects with or without hypertension. Hypertens Res 2008; 31:507-13. [PMID: 18497471 DOI: 10.1291/hypres.31.507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) cause endothelial dysfunction probably through increased oxidant stress. Paraoxonase (PON1) is an high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-linked anti-oxidant enzyme whose capacity is influenced by a genetic polymorphism at codon 192. In the present study we have investigated the role of PON1 polymorphism on endothelial function in subjects with T2DM with or without hypertension. Three groups of male subjects were enrolled: 65 healthy control subjects without T2DM or hypertension (CON), 51 with only T2DM (DM), and 67 with both hypertension and T2DM (HYP+DM). The PON1 Gln192Arg polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and restriction analysis. Endothelial function was evaluated as flow-mediated vasodilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery after forearm ischemia. Data were analyzed according to the presence or absence of the Arg allele. Subjects with T2DM had markedly impaired FMD, compared with those of the CON group. In the CON and HYP+DM groups no difference was observed in FMD between subjects homozygous for the Gln allele and those carrying the Arg allele. In the DM group FMD was lower among those carrying the Arg allele compared with Gln/Gln homozygotes (2.1+/-2.4% vs. 6.2+/-5.2%, p=0.002). In conclusion, the present findings demonstrated that FMD was less impaired in normotensive diabetic subjects homozygous for the Gln allele, consistent with the notion that this isoform has a more effective antioxidant action that serves to protect circulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Hypertension seems to abolish the protective effect of the Gln isoform. These findings, however, warrant further investigation to clarify their clinical import.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Irace
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica G. Salvatore, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
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Bélanger MC, Mirault ME, Dewailly E, Plante M, Berthiaume L, Noël M, Julien P. Seasonal mercury exposure and oxidant-antioxidant status of James Bay sport fishermen. Metabolism 2008; 57:630-6. [PMID: 18442625 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2007.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2007] [Accepted: 12/04/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The effects of a moderate seasonal exposure to methylmercury on plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and cardiovascular risk indices are not known. The objective of the study was to assess the effects of a seasonal exposure to mercury at similar dose reported to increase cardiovascular risk through fish consumption. Effects on lipoprotein cholesterol and fatty acid profiles, LDL oxidation, and blood oxidant-antioxidant balance were to be assessed in sport fishermen presenting normal blood selenium and omega-3 fatty acid contents. Thirty-one healthy James Bay sport fishermen were assessed for within-subject longitudinal seasonal variations in hair and blood mercury, plasma oxidized LDL, lipophilic antioxidants, homocysteine, blood selenium, and glutathione peroxidase and reductase activities determined before and after the fishing season and compared by matched-pair tests. Hair mercury doubled during the fishing season (2.8+/-0.4 microg/g, P<.0001). Baseline blood selenium, homocysteine, and erythrocyte fatty acid profiles did not change. Plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased (+5%, P=.05), whereas very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and oxidized LDL decreased (-8%, P=.05; -18%, P=.008). Blood glutathione peroxidase (+9.7%, P=.001), glutathione reductase (+7.2%, P<.0001), and total glutathione (+45% P<.0001) increased during the fishing season. Plasma total coenzyme Q10 (+13%, P=.02), ubiquinone-10 (+67%, P=.03), and beta-carotene (+46%, P=.01) also increased, whereas vitamin E status was unaffected. Pairwise correlations revealed no association between mercury exposure and any of the biomarkers investigated. In contrast, strong predictors of cardiovascular risk such as high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, oxidized LDL, and glutathione peroxidase improved during the fishing season despite elevated methylmercury exposure. The beneficial effects of seasonal fishing activity and fish consumption on cardiovascular health may suppress detrimental effects of concomitant moderate methylmercury exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claire Bélanger
- Québec Lipid Research Centre, CHUL Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada G1V 4G2
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Koubaa N, Nakbi A, Smaoui M, Abid N, Chaaba R, Abid M, Hammami M. Hyperhomocysteinemia and elevated ox-LDL in Tunisian type 2 diabetic patients: Role of genetic and dietary factors. Clin Biochem 2007; 40:1007-14. [PMID: 17618615 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2007.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2007] [Revised: 05/07/2007] [Accepted: 05/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) is an emerging risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. However, its relationship with diabetes is still unclear. OBJECTIVES We evaluated the association between tHcy levels and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C-->T genotype in a type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) population and their relationship with oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) according to dietary habits and vascular complications. DESIGN AND METHODS Eighty-six DM patients were compared to 120 healthy volunteers. RESULTS Associated higher tHcy levels and significantly higher ox-LDL levels (p<0.001) were found in DM patients compared to healthy subjects. Homozygosity for the T allele of MTHFR was more frequent in diabetics than in healthy subjects (12.8% vs. 7.2%) and it was associated with higher tHcy levels. Moreover, this elevated level was associated with significantly higher ox-LDL levels in DM patients with hypertension (p<0.05). Improving folate and vitamin C intakes could have beneficial effects on lowering the tHcy and ox-LDL levels. CONCLUSIONS The interplay of genetic and dietary factors modulates the effect of homocysteine on cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Koubaa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, UR "Human Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders" Faculty of Medicine, Avicene St., 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
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Graessler J, Pietzsch J, Westendorf T, Julius U, Bornstein SR, Kopprasch S. Glycoxidised LDL isolated from subjects with impaired glucose tolerance increases CD36 and peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor gamma gene expression in macrophages. Diabetologia 2007; 50:1080-8. [PMID: 17380316 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-007-0645-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2006] [Accepted: 01/07/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Glycoxidised LDL has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, a major complication of diabetes. Since atherogenesis may occur at an early stage of diabetes, we investigated whether circulating LDL isolated from subjects with IGT (n = 20) showed an increased glycoxidation status and explored the proatherogenic effects of LDL samples on macrophages. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We investigated LDL modifications using GC-MS. Murine macrophages were incubated with LDL samples for 1 h, and then mRNA expression rates of the scavenger receptors CD36 and scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SCARB1, formerly known as SR-BI) and transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor gamma (PPARgamma) were quantified by real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS The GC-MS experiments revealed that oxidative modifications of proline, arginine, lysine and tyrosine residues in apolipoprotein B100 were three- to fivefold higher in LDL samples from IGT subjects compared with those from NGT subjects (n = 20). Moreover, LDL glycoxidation estimated by both Nepsilon-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) and Nepsilon-(carboxyethyl)lysine (CEL) residues was increased more than ninefold in LDL from IGT subjects compared with samples from NGT subjects. Compared with NGT LDL, IGT LDL elicited a significantly higher CD36 (p < 0.05) and PPARG (p < 0.05) gene expression, whereas SCARB1 mRNA expression was not affected. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These data suggest that IGT is associated with increased glycoxidation of circulating LDL, which might contribute to the conversion of macrophages into a proatherogenic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Graessler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pathological Biochemistry, Carl Gustav Carus Medical School, University of Technology, Fetscherstrasse 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany.
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Gokulakrishnan K, Deepa R, Velmurugan K, Ravikumar R, Karkuzhali K, Mohan V. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein and intimal medial thickness in subjects with glucose intolerance: the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study-25. Metabolism 2007; 56:245-50. [PMID: 17224340 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2006.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2006] [Accepted: 10/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the association of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OX-LDL) with carotid intimal medial thickness (IMT) in different grades of glucose intolerance in Asian Indians. Three groups were recruited from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study, a population-based study: group 1, normal glucose tolerance (NGT) (n = 175); group 2, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (n = 175); and group 3, type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 175). Oxidized LDL (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and carotid IMT (high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography) were assessed. Subjects with diabetes had higher IMT values (0.85 +/- 0.30 mm) compared with those who have IGT (0.79 +/- 0.16 mm, P < .05) and NGT (0.71 +/- 0.12 mm, P < .001). Subjects with diabetes (40.1 +/- 13.1 U/L) and IGT (34.3 +/- 12.8 U/L) had significantly higher mean OX-LDL values compared with the NGT group (26.2 +/- 16.6 U/L, P < .001). Oxidized LDL showed a correlation with IMT (total population: r = 0.294, P < .001; subjects with NGT: r = 0.444, P < .001; and subjects with IGT: r = 0.481, P < .001). In multiple linear regression analysis, OX-LDL showed a strong association with IMT (beta = .005, P < .001), even after adjusting for age, sex (beta = .003, P < .001), and glucose intolerance (beta = .002, P < .001). In conclusion, OX-LDL levels increase with increasing glucose intolerance. Oxidized LDL is associated with carotid IMT and this is independent of age, sex, and glucose intolerance status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuppan Gokulakrishnan
- Dr Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre and Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Gopalapuram, Chennai, India
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Hansel B, Kontush A, Bonnefont-Rousselot D, Bruckert E, Chapman MJ. Alterations in lipoprotein defense against oxidative stress in metabolic syndrome. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2007; 8:501-9. [PMID: 17045077 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-006-0026-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a high-risk condition for premature atherosclerotic vascular disease. Patients with MetS display a lipoprotein profile in which dense low-density lipoproteins (LDL), which are more susceptible to oxidation, predominate. Oxidation of lipoproteins can be attenuated in vivo by enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant defenses, but high-density lipoproteins (HDL) play a key role in the protection of LDL from oxidation. Such activity depends on the presence of apolipoproteins (apoA-I, apoA-II, apoA-IV, apoE) and enzymes (paraoxonase 1, platelet activating factor-acetylhydrolase, lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase, glutathione peroxidase). The impairment of HDL antioxidative activity in MetS is partly related to an enrichment of small HDL in triglycerides and their depletion in cholesteryl esters, to the replacement of apoA-I by serum amyloid A, and to glycation and oxidation of apoA-I. Therapeutic normalization of the quantity and the quality of HDL particles may constitute a novel approach to attenuate atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk in MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Hansel
- Service d'Endocrinologie-Métabolisme, Pavillon Benjamin Delessert, Hôpital de la Pitié, 83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France.
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Hoogeveen RC, Ballantyne CM, Bang H, Heiss G, Duncan BB, Folsom AR, Pankow JS. Circulating oxidised low-density lipoprotein and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Diabetologia 2007; 50:36-42. [PMID: 17136392 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-006-0533-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2006] [Accepted: 10/13/2006] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS To evaluate the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in the aetiology of type 2 diabetes, we examined the association of oxidised LDL (ox-LDL) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) levels with type 2 diabetes incidence over 9 years in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a large, prospective, case-cohort design, ox-LDL and sICAM-1 were measured in stored plasma samples collected at baseline in stratified samples of 581 diabetes cases and 572 non-cases selected from 10,275 middle-aged men and women without prevalent diabetes at baseline. RESULTS Compared with non-cases, diabetes cases had significantly higher mean baseline levels of ox-LDL and sICAM-1. Elevated ox-LDL and sICAM-1 were both associated with increased risk of incident diabetes after adjustment for age, sex, race and centre, with hazard ratios for the highest vs lowest tertiles of 1.68 (95% CI 1.25-2.24) and 1.91 (95% CI 1.45-2.50), respectively. After additional adjustment for fasting glucose, waist circumference, HDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerol, hypertension and C-reactive protein, only sICAM-1 remained an independent predictor of incident diabetes (hazard ratio 1.50; 95% CI 1.02-2.23). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION In this community-based cohort of middle-aged US adults, elevated plasma ox-LDL and sICAM-1 levels were associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Measurement of ICAM-1 or ox-LDL, or other measures related to inflammation or oxidative stress, may be helpful in identifying those patient populations in which to test whether novel therapies that inhibit specific pathways related to inflammation or oxidative stress are beneficial in the prevention of diabetes in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Hoogeveen
- Section of Atherosclerosis and Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, and Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Methodist DeBakey Heart Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Galland F, Duvillard L, Petit JM, Lagrost L, Vaillant G, Brun JM, Gambert P, Vergès B. Effect of insulin treatment on plasma oxidized LDL/LDL-cholesterol ratio in type 2 diabetic patients. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2006; 32:625-31. [PMID: 17296517 DOI: 10.1016/s1262-3636(07)70318-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2006] [Accepted: 07/12/2006] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In type 2 diabetes mellitus, oxidized LDL/LDL-Cholesterol ratio, an accurate estimation of in vivo LDL oxidation, has been reported elevated and associated with macrovascular disease. Because insulin therapy induces significant modification of lipid metabolism, in type 2 diabetes, we evaluated the effect of insulin treatment on oxidized LDL/LDL-C ratio in type 2 diabetic patients and analyzed the results in comparison with the modifications induced by insulin on glycaemia, plasma lipids and LDL receptors. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Plasma oxidized LDL concentrations were measured by sandwich ELISA in 21 type 2 diabetic patients before and 3 months after the introduction of insulin therapy, and in 27 age-matched controls. RESULTS Type 2 diabetic patients had, compared to controls, significantly increased oxidized LDL/LDL-C ratio (P<0.0001). Three months after insulin treatment, oxidized LDL/LDL-C ratio was significantly reduced (21.1+/-4.7 vs. 24.0+/-5.8 U/mmol, P<0.01). This reduction was strongly associated, in multivariate analysis, with reduction of LDL(TG/cholesterol ratio) (P=0.008), and to a lesser extent with the decrease of LDL fructosamine (P=0.034), but not with the increase of the number of LDL receptors. CONCLUSIONS In the present study we demonstrate for the first time a lowering effect of insulin therapy on oxidized LDL/LDL-C ratio in type 2 diabetic patients. This decrease is mainly associated with the reduction of LDL TG-enrichment, and to a lesser extent with the decrease of LDL glycation, but not with the insulin-induced increase in number of LDL receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Galland
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, Hôpital du Bocage, BP 77908, 21079 Dijon Cedex, France.
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Costacou T, Zgibor JC, Evans RW, Tyurina YY, Kagan VE, Orchard TJ. Antioxidants and coronary artery disease among individuals with type 1 diabetes: Findings from the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study. J Diabetes Complications 2006; 20:387-94. [PMID: 17070445 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2005.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2005] [Revised: 10/25/2005] [Accepted: 10/26/2005] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxidative stress has been implicated in the development of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. We evaluated the effect of serum antioxidants and total antioxidant reserve (TAR) on coronary artery disease (CAD) incidence in type 1 diabetes. METHODS Subjects were identified from the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study (EDC) cohort, a 10-year prospective study of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes. Mean age at baseline was 28 and diabetes duration 19 years. Coronary artery disease was defined as physician-diagnosed angina, confirmed MI, stenosis >or=50%, ischemic electrocardiogram (ECG), or revascularization. Controls were gender, age, and diabetes duration (+/-3 years) matched with cases. Samples and risk factors used in analyses were identified from the earliest exam prior to incidence in cases (54 cases, 67 controls). RESULTS None of the antioxidant measures (alpha-tocopherol, gamma-tocopherol, retinol, TAR) showed protection against incident CAD overall. However, a protective effect of alpha-tocopherol against CAD was observed among antioxidant supplement users (HR=0.22, 95% CI=0.10-0.49) and in renal disease (HR=0.46, 95% CI=0.23-0.91). Despite similar alpha-tocopherol concentration, there was no protective effect among nonusers of antioxidant supplements. CONCLUSIONS High alpha-tocopherol levels among patients with renal disease and in those using vitamin supplements were associated with lower CAD risk in type 1 diabetes. The specificity of these effects merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Costacou
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Wu T, Willett WC, Rifai N, Shai I, Manson JE, Rimm EB. Is Plasma Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein, Measured With the Widely Used Antibody 4E6, an Independent Predictor of Coronary Heart Disease Among U.S. Men and Women? J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 48:973-9. [PMID: 16949489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2006.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2006] [Revised: 03/17/2006] [Accepted: 03/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our aim was to examine whether circulating oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) is a predictor of coronary heart disease (CHD) independent of lipid markers and to compare oxLDL, apolipoprotein B100 (apoB), and total cholesterol (TC)/high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio as predictors of CHD. BACKGROUND Measurement of circulating oxLDL with antibody 4E6, has been widely used in many studies; however, few large prospective studies have examined whether this marker is a predictor of CHD independent of lipids and compared oxLDL with other important lipid predictors. METHODS After 6 years of follow-up among 18,140 men from the HPFS (Health Professionals Follow-up Study) and 8 years among 32,826 women from the Nurses' Health Study who provided blood samples at baseline, we identified incident nonfatal myocardial infarction or fatal CHD in 266 men and 235 women. Each case was matched with two control subjects by age, smoking, and time of blood draw. The oxLDL was measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with antibody 4E6 against oxidized apoB. RESULTS Among both men and women, oxLDL was significantly related to risk of CHD in multivariate analysis before adjustment for any lipid markers. However, when oxLDL, LDL cholesterol, HDL-C, and triglycerides were mutually adjusted, oxLDL was no longer predictive. When oxLDL and apoB were mutually adjusted, only apoB was predictive of CHD. Similar results were found when oxLDL and TC/HDL-C ratio were mutually adjusted. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that circulating oxLDL, measured with antibody 4E6, is not an independent overall predictor of CHD after adjustment of lipid markers and is less predictive in development of CHD than apoB and TC/HDL-C ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianying Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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Inoue I, Shinoda Y, Nakano T, Sassa M, Goto SI, Awata T, Komoda T, Katayama S. Acarbose ameliorates atherogenecity of low-density lipoprotein in patients with impaired glucose tolerance. Metabolism 2006; 55:946-52. [PMID: 16784969 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2006.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2003] [Accepted: 03/22/2006] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Acarbose, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, is administered to control blood glucose levels. The drug also reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease, but the underlying mechanism is still to be elucidated. We therefore hypothesized that treatment with acarbose ameliorates the atherogenecity of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), a key molecule in atherogenesis. Patients with impaired glucose tolerance were or were not treated with acarbose (acarbose-treated group [n = 20] and control group [n = 20], respectively) for 3 months under dietary therapy. The oxidative susceptibility of LDL was determined by measuring lag time for the formation of dienes in the presence of CuSO(4). The lag time was significantly longer in the acarbose-treated group than in the control group before treatment. Moreover, the density gradient lipoprotein separation and disk polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analyses showed that acarbose reduced the amount of small dense LDL, a more atherogenic and oxidatively susceptible form of LDL. We also found that the fatty acid composition of LDL changed after the treatment: polyunsaturated (omega-3) fatty acid, a beneficial substance for preventing cardiovascular disease, was significantly increased, whereas saturated fatty acids and triglyceride were decreased in the LDL of the acarbose-treated group. The present findings suggest that acarbose treatment reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases by ameliorating the atherogenecity of LDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuo Inoue
- Department of Diabetic and Endocrinology, Saitama Medical School, Moroyama, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan.
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Lapointe A, Couillard C, Piché ME, Weisnagel SJ, Bergeron J, Nadeau A, Lemieux S. Circulating oxidized LDL is associated with parameters of the metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women. Atherosclerosis 2006; 191:362-8. [PMID: 16677652 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2005] [Revised: 03/17/2006] [Accepted: 03/28/2006] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL) play a significant role in the development of atherosclerosis. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relation between circulating ox-LDL and components of the metabolic syndrome (MS) in a sample of 124 postmenopausal women with varying glucose tolerance status. METHODS This cross-sectional study included postmenopausal women not using hormone therapy. Ox-LDL concentrations were measured in plasma by a monoclonal antibody (mAb-4E6) based competition ELISA. LDL peak particle diameter (LDL-PPD) was measured by non-denaturating polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis (PAGGE). Presence of the MS was determined according to the definition of the NCEP-ATPIII. RESULTS Circulating ox-LDL concentrations were significantly associated with some factors of the MS such as triglyceride (r=0.48; p<0.0001), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r=-0.34; p=0.0001) and fasting plasma glucose concentrations (r=0.21; p=0.02). Ox-LDL concentrations were also associated with LDL cholesterol (r=0.54; p<0.0001), total cholesterol (r=0.48; p<0.0001), LDL apolipoprotein B (r=0.62; p<0.0001) and LDL-PPD (r=-0.18; p<0.05). Moreover, women with the MS had significantly higher ox-LDL concentrations (79.5+/-28.3 U/l) compared to women without the MS (64.2+/-19.9 U/l) (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Ox-LDL concentrations are associated with individual components of the MS and are significantly higher in postmenopausal women with MS compared to healthy postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Lapointe
- Institute of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, Que., Canada
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Masella R, Varì R, D'Archivio M, Santangelo C, Scazzocchio B, Maggiorella MT, Sernicola L, Titti F, Sanchez M, Di Mario U, Leto G, Giovannini C. Oxidised LDL modulate adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes by affecting the balance between cell proliferation and differentiation. FEBS Lett 2006; 580:2421-9. [PMID: 16616923 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2006] [Revised: 03/22/2006] [Accepted: 03/23/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The effects of oxidised LDL (oxLDL) on cell proliferation, apoptosis and hormone-induced differentiation have been evaluated for the first time in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Unlike control cells, oxLDL-treated preadipocytes showed a high proliferation rate, a low apoptosis level, and an impaired differentiation process with an increased preadipocyte factor-1 (Pref-1) mRNA expression at late times. By silencing Pref-1 mRNA or inhibiting its expression with an increased dexamethasone concentration, differentiation occurred as usual, which demonstrates the key role of Pref-1 overexpression. The results suggest a specific action of oxLDL on the adipogenesis inhibitor Pref-1, as indicated also by its reappearance in mature adipocytes treated with oxLDL. The inhibitory effects of oxLDL on differentiation required oxLDL uptake by CD36, and were associated with lipoprotein lipids. These results point to oxLDL as a modulator of adipose tissue mass and as possible link between obesity and its clinical complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Masella
- National Centre for Food Quality and Risk Assessment, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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Stump CS, Clark SE, Sowers JR. Oxidative stress in insulin-resistant conditions: cardiovascular implications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 4:343-51. [PMID: 16318400 DOI: 10.2165/00024677-200504060-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with diabetes mellitus is increased more than 3-fold and is the major cause of mortality and morbidity in diabetic patients. Historically, diabetes has been considered an inadequate insulin response leading to elevated plasma glucose levels with morbidities attributable to hyperglycemia. However, diabetes represents a complex pathology that often includes hypertension, dyslipidemia, endothelial dysfunction, microalbuminuria, platelet disaggregation, abnormal fibrinolysis, and chronic inflammation. Furthermore, oxidative stress has been shown to contribute to the pathology of diabetic CVD, having implications in the development of hypertension, renal disease, and stroke. Hypertension is a common feature of diabetes and is the primary contributor to CVD, which highlights the importance of blood pressure control (<130/80 mm Hg). Recent investigations have also implicated the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in promoting oxidative stress-induced endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and insulin resistance. These pathophysiologic considerations will be important in developing prevention strategies for CVD in diabetes. Further research is needed to identify antioxidant and insulin-sensitizing agents that will improve CVD outcomes in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig S Stump
- Department of Internal Medicine-Endocrinology, Harry S. Truman VA Medical Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65212, USA.
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Stephens JW, Gable DR, Hurel SJ, Miller GJ, Cooper JA, Humphries SE. Increased Plasma Markers of Oxidative Stress Are Associated with Coronary Heart Disease in Males with Diabetes Mellitus and with 10-Year Risk in a Prospective Sample of Males. Clin Chem 2006; 52:446-52. [PMID: 16384883 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2005.060194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Increased oxidative stress is associated with coronary heart disease (CHD). We examined the association between plasma markers of oxidative stress and CHD in a cross-sectional sample of patients with diabetes and prospective CHD risk in a sample of men predominantly without diabetes.
Methods: Plasma total antioxidant status (TAOS) and the ratio of oxidized LDL (Ox-LDL) to LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) were determined in a cross-section of 761 Caucasian individuals with diabetes (UDACS study). Plasma TAOS was also determined in 310 baseline samples from a 10-year prospective cohort of 3012 healthy males (NPHSII).
Results: Within UDACS, males with CHD had lower mean (SD) plasma TAOS [no CHD, 43.4 (13.2)%; CHD, 40.3 (13.8)%; P = 0.04]. The prevalence of CHD was higher in the lowest compared with the upper quartiles (32.7% vs 19.7%; P = 0.004). We observed a significant association between plasma Ox-LDL:LDL-C and CHD status [no CHD vs CHD, 16.9 (3.1) vs 19.3 (5.0) units/mmol; P = 0.04], with the prevalence of CHD being higher among men in the upper compared with lower quartiles (18.4% vs 35.1%; P = 0.003). No association was observed in females. In NPHSII, TAOS was lower in those who developed CHD [35.1 (8.0)% vs 37.1 (7.9)%; P = 0.04]. The odds ratio for CHD in the lowest compared with the upper quartile was 1.91 (95% confidence interval, 0.99–3.70; P = 0.04). This remained unchanged after adjustment for classic risk factors.
Conclusions: A cross-sectional and prospective association exists between baseline plasma measures of oxidative stress and CHD risk. The association with prospective CHD risk remained after adjustment for “traditional” risk factors, implying an independent role for oxidative stress in CHD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey W Stephens
- The Medical School, University of Wales Swansea, Swansea, United Kingdom.
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Khan M, Murray FT, Karunaratne M, Perez A. Pioglitazone and reductions in post-challenge glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2006; 8:31-8. [PMID: 16367880 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2005.00489.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Pioglitazone (PIO) has been shown to decrease insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes, resulting in lowered blood glucose concentrations, lowered plasma insulin levels and lowered haemoglobin A1C (A1C) values. Postprandial glucose control has been recently recognized as an important target for reducing overall glycemic burden in patients with type 2 diabetes. Some authors assert that reductions in postprandial glucose levels may lead to a decrease in cardiovascular risk, one of the major complications associated with diabetes. METHODS Data were analysed from a 26-week PIO monotherapy study of 88 patients who underwent a 3-h oral glucose tolerance test (75 g dose) at baseline and last measurement. Change from baseline in area under the curve (AUC) values and hourly glucose concentrations were calculated and analysed at both time points for four medication groups: placebo group and PIO 15, 30 and 45 mg groups. Changes from baseline in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and A1C also were reported. RESULTS Glucose AUC was significantly (p < 0.05) different from baseline at 15, 30 and 45 mg doses of PIO. In addition, when compared to placebo, PIO (15, 30 and 45 mg) significantly decreased post-challenge blood glucose AUC (p < 0.05). The mean hourly blood glucose levels at last measurement for PIO 15, 30 and 45 mg all were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than placebo at all four time points. In addition, PIO significantly (p < 0.05) reduced FPG and A1C from baseline to last measurement in a dose-related fashion. CONCLUSIONS PIO significantly reduced post-challenge glucose levels following an oral glucose challenge, leading to improvements in overall glycemic control. Postprandial glucose lowering is one of several metabolic effects of PIO in addition to decreasing insulin resistance and improving some lipids components. Whether these combined metabolic effects can lead to cardiovascular risk reductions may be confirmed by the pending results of cardiovascular outcomes studies with PIO.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Khan
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals North America, Inc., Lincolnshire, IL 60069, USA.
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Paniagua JA, López-Miranda J, Pérez-Martínez P, Marín C, Vida JM, Fuentes F, Fernández de la Puebla RA, Pérez-Jiménez F. Oxidized-LDL levels are changed during short-term serum glucose variations and lowered with statin treatment in early Type 2 diabetes: a study of endothelial function and microalbuminuria. Diabet Med 2005; 22:1647-56. [PMID: 16401307 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2005.01703.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the role of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) treatment during serum glucose variations on plasma oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) levels in obese patients with early Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and its relationship to endothelial biomarkers. METHODS In a double-blind, randomized crossover study, 15 obese diet-treated T2D patients received cerivastatin (0.4 mg/day) or placebo for 3 months. Circulating ox-LDL levels were measured fasting and during a euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp (approximately 5.5 mmol/l; EHC) and a hyperglycemic clamp (approximately 20 mmol/l; HC). An endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilation (FMD) study was carried out and urinary albumin excretion (UAE) was measured at rest and during EHC. S-ICAM, s-VCAM and basal prothrombotic factors were also measured. RESULTS During cerivastatin treatment, basal circulating ox-LDL levels decreased by 48% (P<0.001) compared with placebo. Serum ox-LDL levels decreased during EHC and remained unchanged during HC compared with the fasting state; with cerivastatin treatment these levels were lower compared with placebo both in the fasting state and during the clamp studies. FMD was higher with cerivastatin than with placebo (P<0.001) and the increments in FMD correlated with decrements in serum ox-LDL levels (r=0.78, P=0.001). Microalbuminuria increased during EHC but this was blunted during cerivastatin therapy compared with placebo (P<0.05). Basal sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 levels decreased (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In early obese Type 2 diabetic patients, serum ox-LDL levels are influenced by short-term serum glucose variations and lowered with cerivastatin therapy. During cerivastatin treatment, improved flow-mediated endothelium-dependent dilation was associated with decrements in circulating ox-LDL levels and the hyperinsulinaemia-induced urinary albumin excretion was blunted.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Paniagua
- Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, University Hospital Reina Sofia, Córdoba, Spain.
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Julius U, Pietzsch J. Glucose-induced enhancement of hemin-catalyzed LDL oxidation in vitro and in vivo. Antioxid Redox Signal 2005; 7:1507-12. [PMID: 16356114 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2005.7.1507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is increased in diabetes mellitus; however, the mechanism(s) of this phenomenon is still unclear. gamma-Glutamyl semialdehyde (gammaGSA) is a product of hemin (Fe(3+)-protoporphyrin IX)-catalyzed oxidation of apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB- 100) proline and arginine residues. On reduction, gammaGSA forms 5-hydroxy-2-aminovaleric acid (HAVA). This report describes the application of sensitive HAVA assay, to characterize gammaGSA formation in LDL under normo- and hyperglycemic conditions, both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro studies revealed that apoB-100 proline and arginine residues are not oxidized to HAVA by HOCl or the myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) oxidation system. Cu(2+), Cu(2+)/H(2)O(2), and Fe(2+) induced only minor HAVA formation. In contrast, the hemin oxidation system appeared reactive toward LDL apoB-100 proline and arginine residues. The resulting significant HAVA formation was specifically inhibited by a redox-inert ferric iron chelator. Glucose further enhanced hemin-induced increase in relative electrophoretic mobility of LDL and apoB-100 HAVAformation. In vivo we observed elevated concentrations of HAVA in LDL apoB-100 in patients with impaired glucose tolerance and with manifest diabetes mellitus. In conclusion, glucose promotes iron-mediated oxidation of apoB- 100 proline and arginine residues via a superoxide-dependent mechanism, thus rendering the LDL particles more atherogenic. The findings (a) identify a potential mechanism of enhanced atherogenesis in subjects with diabetes mellitus and (b) support the value of HAVA as a specific marker of LDL apoB-100 oxidation. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 7, 1507-1512.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Julius
- Medical Clinic and Outpatient Department III, University Hospital Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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