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Yang H, Wang Q, Xi Y, Yu W, Xie D, Morisaki H, Morisaki T, Cheng J. AMPD2 plays important roles in regulating hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 577:112039. [PMID: 37567359 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism can instigate the onset of various metabolic disorders including obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and fatty liver disease. Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) deaminase (AMPD), which converts AMP to inosine monophosphate, plays a key role in maintaining adenylate energy charge. AMPD2 is the major isoform present in the liver. However, the mechanistic link between AMPD2 and hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism remains elusive. In this study, we probed into the hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism in AMPD2-deficient (A2-/-) mice. These mice exhibited reduced body weight, fat accumulation, and blood glucose levels, coupled with enhanced insulin sensitivity while maintaining consistent calorie intake and spontaneous motor activity compared with wild type mice. Furthermore, A2-/- mice showed mitigated obesity and hyper-insulinemia induced by high-fat diet (HFD) but elevated levels of the serum triglyceride and cholesterol. The hepatic mRNA levels of several fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism-related genes were altered in A2-/- mice. RNA sequencing unveiled multiple alterations in lipid metabolic pathways due to AMPD2 deficiency. These mice were also more susceptible to fasting or HFD-induced hepatic lipid accumulation. The liver exhibited elevated AMP levels but unaltered AMP/ATP ratio. In addition, AMPD2 deficiency is not associated with the adenosine production. In summary, this study established a link between purine metabolism and hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism via AMPD2, providing novel insights into these metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yuemei Xi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - De Xie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Hiroko Morisaki
- Department of Bioscience and Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Medical Genecics, Sakakibara Heart Institute, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Morisaki
- Department of Bioscience and Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Jidong Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Department of Internal Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Nucleic Acid Metabolism and Regulation, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Department of Bioscience and Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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Su Q, Huang J, Chen X, Wang Y, Shao M, Yan H, Chen C, Ren H, Zhang F, Ni Y, Jose PA, Zhong J, Yang J. Long-Term High-Fat Diet Decreases Renal Insulin-Degrading Enzyme Expression and Function by Inhibiting the PPARγ Pathway. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200589. [PMID: 36726048 PMCID: PMC10085830 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Long-term high-fat diet (HFD) causes insulin resistance, which is a primary etiological factor in the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Impaired insulin clearance is not only a consequence but also a cause of insulin resistance. The kidney is a major site of insulin clearance, where the insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) plays a vital role in the proximal tubule. Thus, the study investigates the role of renal IDE in the regulation of insulin resistance in HFD-induced obese mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty four-weeks of HFD in C57BL/6 mice causes insulin resistance and impaires insulin clearance, accompanied by a decrease in renal IDE expression and activity. Palmitic acid decreases IDE mRNA and protein expressions in HK-2 cells. RNA-Seq analysis found that the PPAR pathway is involved. 24-weeks of HFD decreases renal PPARγ, but not PPARα or PPARβ/δ mRNA expression. The inhibition of IDE expression by palmitic acid is prevented by the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone. The amount of PPARγ bound to the promoters of IDE is decreased in palmitic acid-treated cells. Rosiglitazone improves insulin clearance and insulin resistance and increases renal IDE expression in HFD fed-mice. CONCLUSION Long-term HFD decreases renal IDE expression and activity, and causes insulin resistance, which involves PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Su
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Research Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Research Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yijie Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Muqing Shao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongjia Yan
- Research Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Caiyu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongmei Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fuwei Zhang
- Research Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yinxing Ni
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pedro A. Jose
- Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, Department of Medicine and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jian Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Research Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Shah MH, Piaggi P, Looker HC, Paddock E, Krakoff J, Chang DC. Lower insulin clearance is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes in Native Americans. Diabetologia 2021; 64:914-922. [PMID: 33404681 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05348-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Impaired insulin clearance is implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, but prospective evidence remains limited. Therefore, we sought to identify factors associated with the metabolic clearance rate of insulin (MCRI) and to investigate whether lower MCRI is associated with increased risk of incident type 2 diabetes. METHODS From a longitudinal cohort, 570 adult Native Americans without diabetes living in the Southwestern United States were characterised at baseline and 448 participants were monitored over a median follow-up period of 7.9 years with 146 (32%) incident cases of diabetes identified (fasting plasma glucose ≥7.0 mmol/l, 2 h plasma glucose [2-h PG] ≥11.1 mmol/l, or clinical diagnosis). At baseline, participants underwent dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry or hydrodensitometry to assess body composition, a 75 g OGTT, an IVGTT to assess acute insulin response (AIR), and a hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp to assess MCRI and insulin action (M). RESULTS In adjusted linear models, MCRI was inversely associated with body fat percentage (r = -0.35), fasting plasma insulin (r = -0.55) and AIR (r = -0.22), and positively associated with M (r = 0.17; all p < 0.0001). In multivariable Cox proportional hazard models, lower MCRI was associated with an increased risk of diabetes after adjustment for age, sex, heritage, body fat percentage, AIR, M, fasting plasma glucose, 2-h PG, and fasting plasma insulin (HR per one-SD difference in MCRI: 0.77; 95% CI 0.61, 0.98; p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Lower MCRI is associated with an unfavourable metabolic phenotype and is associated with incident type 2 diabetes independent of established risk factors. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERS ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00339482; NCT00340132.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujtaba H Shah
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Paolo Piaggi
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Helen C Looker
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Ethan Paddock
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jonathan Krakoff
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Douglas C Chang
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
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Buttan A, Cui J, Guo X, Chen YDI, Hsueh WA, Rotter JI, Goodarzi MO. Physical Activity Associations with Bone Mineral Density and Modification by Metabolic Traits. J Endocr Soc 2020; 4:bvaa092. [PMID: 32803094 PMCID: PMC7417873 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvaa092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the relationship of physical activity with bone mineral density (BMD) at various sites and examine potential modifying metabolic factors. Methods Responses from physical activity questionnaires were used to determine total physical activity (PA), moderate physical activity (mod-PA), and sedentary time. Regression analyses were performed to evaluate association of activity traits with insulin sensitivity by euglycemic clamp, adiponectin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in 741 healthy subjects. Results The cohort was relatively sedentary. Activity level was associated with arm, pelvis, and leg BMD in univariate analyses. In multivariate association analyses of arm BMD, only female sex (β = -0.73, P < 0.0001) and adiponectin (β = -0.076, P = 0.0091) were significant. Multivariate analyses of pelvis BMD found independent associations with body mass index (BMI) (β = 0.33, P < 0.0001), adiponectin (β = -0.10, P = 0.013), female sex (β = -0.18, P < 0.0001), sedentary time (β = -0.088, P = 0.034), PA (β = 0.11, P = 0.01), and mod-PA (β = 0.11, P = 0.014). Age (β = -0.10, P = 0.0087), female sex (β = -0.63, P < 0.0001), BMI (β = 0.24, P < 0.0001), and mod-PA (β = 0.10, P = 0.0024) were independently associated with leg BMD. Conclusions These results suggest that BMD increases with physical activity in the arms, legs, and pelvis and is inversely related to sedentary time in the pelvis and legs; these associations may be modified by age, sex, BMI, and adiponectin, depending on the site, with physical activity being more important to pelvis and leg BMD than arm BMD and sedentary time being important for pelvis BMD. Moreover, we demonstrated that CRP, PAI-1, and insulin sensitivity play a minor role in BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Buttan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jinrui Cui
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Yii-Der I Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Willa A Hsueh
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Mark O Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
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Tura A, Göbl C, Morettini M, Burattini L, Kautzky-Willer A, Pacini G. Insulin clearance is altered in women with a history of gestational diabetes progressing to type 2 diabetes. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:1272-1280. [PMID: 32513580 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Insulin clearance is a relevant process in glucose homeostasis. In this observational study, we aimed to assess insulin clearance (ClINS) in women with former gestational diabetes (fGDM) both early after delivery and after a follow-up. METHODS AND RESULTS We analysed 59 fGDM women, and 16 women not developing GDM (CNT). All women underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) yearly, and an insulin-modified intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) at baseline and at follow-up end (until 7 years). Both IVGTT and OGTT ClINS was assessed as insulin secretion to plasma insulin ratio. We also defined IVGTT first (0-10 min) and second phase (10-180 min) ClINS. We found that 14 fGDM women progressed to type 2 diabetes (PROG), whereas 45 women remained diabetes-free (NONPROG). At baseline, IVGTT ClINS showed alterations in PROG, especially in second phase (0.88 ± 0.10 l·min-1 in PROG, 0.60 ± 0.06 in NONPROG, 0.54 ± 0.07 in CNT, p ≤ 0.03). Differences in ClINS were not found from OGTT. Cox regression analysis showed second phase ClINS as significant type 2 diabetes predictor (hazard ratio = 1.90, 95% confidence interval 1.09-3.30, p = 0.02). CONCLUSION This study showed that insulin clearance derived from an insulin-modified IVGTT is notably altered in women with history of GDM progressing towards type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tura
- Metabolic Unit, CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, Italy.
| | - Christian Göbl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Obstetrics and Feto-Maternal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Micaela Morettini
- Department of Information Engineering, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Laura Burattini
- Department of Information Engineering, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Alexandra Kautzky-Willer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giovanni Pacini
- Metabolic Unit, CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, Italy
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). The major form of diabetes mellitus is type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), which is thus largely responsible for the CHD association in the general population. Recent years have seen major advances in the genetics of T2D, principally through ever-increasing large-scale genome-wide association studies. This article addresses the question of whether this expanding knowledge of the genomics of T2D provides insight into the etiologic relationship between T2D and CHD. We will investigate this relationship by reviewing the evidence for shared genetic loci between T2D and CHD; by examining the formal testing of this interaction (Mendelian randomization studies assessing whether T2D is causal for CHD); and then turn to the implications of this genetic relationship for therapies for CHD, for therapies for T2D, and for therapies that affect both. In conclusion, the growing knowledge of the genetic relationship between T2D and CHD is beginning to provide the promise for improved prevention and treatment of both disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark O. Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
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Ehrhardt N, Cui J, Dagdeviren S, Saengnipanthkul S, Goodridge HS, Kim JK, Lantier L, Guo X, Chen YDI, Raffel LJ, Buchanan TA, Hsueh WA, Rotter JI, Goodarzi MO, Péterfy M. Adiposity-Independent Effects of Aging on Insulin Sensitivity and Clearance in Mice and Humans. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:434-443. [PMID: 30801985 PMCID: PMC6474357 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aging is associated with impaired insulin sensitivity and increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes. However, it remains unclear whether aging-associated insulin resistance is due to increased adiposity or other age-related factors. To address this question, the impact of aging on insulin sensitivity was investigated independently of changes in body composition. METHODS Cohorts of mice aged 4 to 8 months ("young") and 18 to 27 months ("aged") exhibiting similar body composition were characterized for glucose metabolism on chow and high-fat diets. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp analyses. The relationship between aging and insulin resistance in humans was investigated in 1,250 nondiabetic Mexican Americans who underwent hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps. RESULTS In mice with similar body composition, age had no detrimental effect on plasma glucose and insulin levels. While aging did not diminish glucose tolerance, hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps demonstrated impaired insulin sensitivity and reduced insulin clearance in aged mice on chow and high-fat diets. Consistent with results in the mouse, age remained an independent determinant of insulin resistance after adjustment for body composition in Mexican American males. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that in addition to altered body composition, adiposity-independent mechanisms also contribute to aging-associated insulin resistance in mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Ehrhardt
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Jinrui Cui
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Sezin Dagdeviren
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Suchaorn Saengnipanthkul
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Helen S. Goodridge
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Jason K. Kim
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Louise Lantier
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Yii-Der I. Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Leslie J. Raffel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Thomas A. Buchanan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Willa A. Hsueh
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Mark O. Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Corresponding authors: Mark O. Goodarzi () and Miklós Péterfy () Tel: +1 909 706 3949
| | - Miklós Péterfy
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Corresponding authors: Mark O. Goodarzi () and Miklós Péterfy () Tel: +1 909 706 3949
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Kim SM, Cui J, Rhyu J, Guo X, Chen YDI, Hsueh WA, Rotter JI, Goodarzi MO. Association between site-specific bone mineral density and glucose homeostasis and anthropometric traits in healthy men and women. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2018; 88:848-855. [PMID: 29575061 PMCID: PMC5980742 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have an increased risk of fracture despite normal or increased bone mineral density (BMD). Studies on the relationship of glucose homeostasis with BMD phenotypes have been inconclusive because distinguishing the roles of insulin resistance and hyperglycaemia in bone remodelling is challenging. In this study, we sought to define the relationship of site-specific BMD with glucose homeostasis traits and anthropometric traits. DESIGN/PATIENTS/MEASUREMENTS In a cross-sectional study, we examined 787 subjects from the Mexican-American Coronary Artery Disease (MACAD) cohort who had undergone euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamps, oral glucose tolerance testing and dual X-ray absorptiometry. Glucose homeostasis traits included insulinogenic index (IGI30), insulin sensitivity (M value), insulin clearance (MCRI), fasting insulin, fasting glucose and 2-hour glucose. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the association of glucose homeostasis and anthropometric traits with site-specific BMD. RESULTS Two-hour glucose was negatively associated with arm BMD in women, which remained significant in multivariate analysis (β = -.15, P = .0015). Positive correlations between fasting insulin and BMD at weight-bearing sites, including pelvis (β = .22, P < .0001) and legs (β = .17, P = .001) in women and pelvis (β = .33, P < .0001) in men, lost significance after multivariate adjustment. Lean mass exhibited strong independent positive associations with BMD at multiple sites in both sexes. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that (i) anabolic effects of insulin might work via mechanical loading from lean mass; (ii) a direct negative effect of increasing glucose might be more prominent at cortical-bone-rich sites in women; and (iii) lean mass is a strong positive predictor of bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Min Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jinrui Cui
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jane Rhyu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Yii-Der I Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Willa A Hsueh
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Mark O Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Gao C, Tabb KL, Dimitrov LM, Taylor KD, Wang N, Guo X, Long J, Rotter JI, Watanabe RM, Curran JE, Blangero J, Langefeld CD, Bowden DW, Palmer ND. Exome Sequencing Identifies Genetic Variants Associated with Circulating Lipid Levels in Mexican Americans: The Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Family Study (IRASFS). Sci Rep 2018; 8:5603. [PMID: 29618726 PMCID: PMC5884862 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23727-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified numerous variants associated with lipid levels; yet, the majority are located in non-coding regions with unclear mechanisms. In the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Family Study (IRASFS), heritability estimates suggest a strong genetic basis: low-density lipoprotein (LDL, h2 = 0.50), high-density lipoprotein (HDL, h2 = 0.57), total cholesterol (TC, h2 = 0.53), and triglyceride (TG, h2 = 0.42) levels. Exome sequencing of 1,205 Mexican Americans (90 pedigrees) from the IRASFS identified 548,889 variants and association and linkage analyses with lipid levels were performed. One genome-wide significant signal was detected in APOA5 with TG (rs651821, PTG = 3.67 × 10-10, LODTG = 2.36, MAF = 14.2%). In addition, two correlated SNPs (r2 = 1.0) rs189547099 (PTG = 6.31 × 10-08, LODTG = 3.13, MAF = 0.50%) and chr4:157997598 (PTG = 6.31 × 10-08, LODTG = 3.13, MAF = 0.50%) reached exome-wide significance (P < 9.11 × 10-08). rs189547099 is an intronic SNP in FNIP2 and SNP chr4:157997598 is intronic in GLRB. Linkage analysis revealed 46 SNPs with a LOD > 3 with the strongest signal at rs1141070 (LODLDL = 4.30, PLDL = 0.33, MAF = 21.6%) in DFFB. A total of 53 nominally associated variants (P < 5.00 × 10-05, MAF ≥ 1.0%) were selected for replication in six Mexican-American cohorts (N = 3,280). The strongest signal observed was a synonymous variant (rs1160983, PLDL = 4.44 × 10-17, MAF = 2.7%) in TOMM40. Beyond primary findings, previously reported lipid loci were fine-mapped using exome sequencing in IRASFS. These results support that exome sequencing complements and extends insights into the genetics of lipid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Gao
- Molecular Genetics and Genomics Program, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Keri L Tabb
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - Kent D Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Physiology and Biophysics, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Jirong Long
- Department of Medicine and Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Richard M Watanabe
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Physiology and Biophysics, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joanne E Curran
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - John Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Carl D Langefeld
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Donald W Bowden
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Nicholette D Palmer
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Winston-Salem, NC, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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10
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Miranda-Lora AL, Vilchis-Gil J, Molina-Díaz M, Flores-Huerta S, Klünder-Klünder M. Heritability, parental transmission and environment correlation of pediatric-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome-related traits. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2017; 126:151-159. [PMID: 28242438 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
AIM To estimate the heritability, parental transmission and environmental contributions to the phenotypic variation in type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome-related traits in families of Mexican children and adolescents. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study of 184 tri-generational pedigrees with a total of 1160 individuals (99 families with a type 2 diabetes mellitus proband before age 19). The family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus in three generations was obtained by interview. Demographic, anthropometric, biochemical and lifestyle information was corroborated in parents and offspring. We obtained correlations for metabolic traits between relative pairs, and variance component methods were used to determine the heritability and environmental components. RESULTS The heritability of early-onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus was 0.50 (p<1.0e-7). The heritability was greater than 0.5 for hypertension, hypoalphalipoproteinemia, hypercholesterolemia, body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, 2-h insulin, and cholesterol (p<0.001). In contrast, we observed a high environmental correlation (>0.50) for blood pressure, HbA1c and HDL-cholesterol after multivariate adjustment (p<0.05). Several traits, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance, were significantly correlated only through the mother and others, such as hypertriglyceridemia, were significantly correlated only through the father. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome-related traits are highly heritable among Mexican children and adolescents. Furthermore, several cardiometabolic factors have strong heritability and/or high environmental contributions that highlight the complex architecture of these alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- América L Miranda-Lora
- Research Unit of Medicine Based on Evidence, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jenny Vilchis-Gil
- Community Health Research Department, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mario Molina-Díaz
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Samuel Flores-Huerta
- Community Health Research Department, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Klünder-Klünder
- Community Health Research Department, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico; Research Committee, Latin American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (LASPGHAN), Mexico City, Mexico.
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11
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Labadzhyan A, Cui J, Péterfy M, Guo X, Chen YDI, Hsueh WA, Rotter JI, Goodarzi MO. Insulin Clearance Is Associated with Hepatic Lipase Activity and Lipid and Adiposity Traits in Mexican Americans. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166263. [PMID: 27846285 PMCID: PMC5112869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduction in insulin clearance plays an important role in the compensatory response to insulin resistance. Given the importance of this trait to the pathogenesis of diabetes, a deeper understanding of its regulation is warranted. Our goal was to identify metabolic and cardiovascular traits that are independently associated with metabolic clearance rate of insulin (MCRI). We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of metabolic and cardiovascular traits in 765 participants from the Mexican-American Coronary Artery Disease (MACAD) project who had undergone blood sampling, oral glucose tolerance test, euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and carotid ultrasound. We assessed correlations of MCRI with traits from seven domains, including anthropometry, biomarkers, cardiovascular, glucose homeostasis, lipase activity, lipid profile, and liver function tests. We found inverse independent correlations between MCRI and hepatic lipase (P = 0.0004), insulin secretion (P = 0.0002), alanine aminotransferase (P = 0.0045), total fat mass (P = 0.014), and diabetes (P = 0.03). MCRI and apolipoprotein A-I exhibited a positive independent correlation (P = 0.035). These results generate a hypothesis that lipid and adiposity associated traits related to liver function may play a role in insulin clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artak Labadzhyan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jinrui Cui
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Miklós Péterfy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America
| | - Yii-Der I. Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America
| | - Willa A. Hsueh
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America
| | - Mark O. Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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12
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de Boer IH, Zelnick L, Afkarian M, Ayers E, Curtin L, Himmelfarb J, Ikizler TA, Kahn SE, Kestenbaum B, Utzschneider K. Impaired Glucose and Insulin Homeostasis in Moderate-Severe CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 27:2861-71. [PMID: 26823551 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015070756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney disease leads to clinically relevant disturbances in glucose and insulin homeostasis, but the pathophysiology in moderate-severe CKD remains incompletely defined. In a cross-sectional study of 59 participants with nondiabetic CKD (mean eGFR =37.6 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)) and 39 healthy control subjects, we quantified insulin sensitivity, clearance, and secretion and glucose tolerance using hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp and intravenous and oral glucose tolerance tests. Participants with CKD had lower insulin sensitivity than participants without CKD (mean[SD] 3.9[2.0] versus 5.0 [2.0] mg/min per µU/ml; P<0.01). Insulin clearance correlated with insulin sensitivity (r=0.72; P<0.001) and was also lower in participants with CKD than controls (876 [226] versus 998 [212] ml/min; P<0.01). Adjustment for physical activity, diet, fat mass, and fatfree mass in addition to demographics and smoking partially attenuated associations of CKD with insulin sensitivity (adjusted difference, -0.7; 95% confidence interval, -1.4 to 0.0 mg/min per µU/ml) and insulin clearance (adjusted difference, -85; 95% confidence interval, -160 to -10 ml/min). Among participants with CKD, eGFR did not significantly correlate with insulin sensitivity or clearance. Insulin secretion and glucose tolerance did not differ significantly between groups, but 65% of participants with CKD had impaired glucose tolerance. In conclusion, moderate-severe CKD associated with reductions in insulin sensitivity and clearance that are explained, in part, by differences in lifestyle and body composition. We did not observe a CKD-specific deficit in insulin secretion, but the combination of insulin resistance and inadequate augmentation of insulin secretion led to a high prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian H de Boer
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute and Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington; and
| | - Leila Zelnick
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute and
| | | | - Ernest Ayers
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute and
| | - Laura Curtin
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute and
| | | | - T Alp Ikizler
- Division of Nephrology and Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Steven E Kahn
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington; and Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Kristina Utzschneider
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington; and Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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13
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Gao C, Wang N, Guo X, Ziegler JT, Taylor KD, Xiang AH, Hai Y, Kridel SJ, Nadler JL, Kandeel F, Raffel LJ, Chen YDI, Norris JM, Rotter JI, Watanabe RM, Wagenknecht LE, Bowden DW, Speliotes EK, Goodarzi MO, Langefeld CD, Palmer ND. A Comprehensive Analysis of Common and Rare Variants to Identify Adiposity Loci in Hispanic Americans: The IRAS Family Study (IRASFS). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134649. [PMID: 26599207 PMCID: PMC4658008 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is growing epidemic affecting 35% of adults in the United States. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous loci associated with obesity. However, the majority of studies have been completed in Caucasians focusing on total body measures of adiposity. Here we report the results from genome-wide and exome chip association studies focusing on total body measures of adiposity including body mass index (BMI), percent body fat (PBF) and measures of fat deposition including waist circumference (WAIST), waist-hip ratio (WHR), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in Hispanic Americans (nmax = 1263) from the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Family Study (IRASFS). Five SNPs from two novel loci attained genome-wide significance (P<5.00x10-8) in IRASFS. A missense SNP in the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 gene (IDH1) was associated with WAIST (rs34218846, MAF = 6.8%, PDOM = 1.62x10-8). This protein is postulated to play an important role in fat and cholesterol biosynthesis as demonstrated in cell and knock-out animal models. Four correlated intronic SNPs in the Zinc finger, GRF-type containing 1 gene (ZGRF1; SNP rs1471880, MAF = 48.1%, PDOM = 1.00x10-8) were strongly associated with WHR. The exact biological function of ZGRF1 and the connection with adiposity remains unclear. SNPs with p-values less than 5.00x10-6 from IRASFS were selected for replication. Meta-analysis was computed across seven independent Hispanic-American cohorts (nmax = 4156) and the strongest signal was rs1471880 (PDOM = 8.38x10-6) in ZGRF1 with WAIST. In conclusion, a genome-wide and exome chip association study was conducted that identified two novel loci (IDH1 and ZGRF1) associated with adiposity. While replication efforts were inconclusive, when taken together with the known biology, IDH1 and ZGRF1 warrant further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Gao
- Molecular Genetics and Genomics Program, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Nan Wang
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
- Physiology and Biophysics, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America
| | - Julie T. Ziegler
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kent D. Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America
| | - Anny H. Xiang
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California, United States of America
| | - Yang Hai
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America
| | - Steven J. Kridel
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jerry L. Nadler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Strelitz Diabetes Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Fouad Kandeel
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Research, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Leslie J. Raffel
- Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Yii-Der I. Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America
| | - Jill M. Norris
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America
| | - Richard M. Watanabe
- Physiology and Biophysics, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Lynne E. Wagenknecht
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Donald W. Bowden
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
- Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth K. Speliotes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Mark O. Goodarzi
- Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Carl D. Langefeld
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Nicholette D. Palmer
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
- Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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14
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Admyre T, Amrot-Fors L, Andersson M, Bauer M, Bjursell M, Drmota T, Hallen S, Hartleib-Geschwindner J, Lindmark B, Liu J, Löfgren L, Rohman M, Selmi N, Wallenius K. Inhibition of AMP deaminase activity does not improve glucose control in rodent models of insulin resistance or diabetes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 21:1486-96. [PMID: 25459661 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of AMP deaminase (AMPD) holds the potential to elevate intracellular adenosine and AMP levels and, therefore, to augment adenosine signaling and activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). To test the latter hypothesis, novel AMPD pan inhibitors were synthesized and explored using a panel of in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models focusing on confirming AMPD inhibitory potency and the potential of AMPD inhibition to improve glucose control in vivo. Repeated dosing of selected inhibitors did not improve glucose control in insulin-resistant or diabetic rodent disease models. Mice with genetic deletion of the muscle-specific isoform Ampd1 did not showany favorable metabolic phenotype despite being challenged with high-fat diet feeding. Therefore, these results do not support the development of AMPD inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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15
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Yuasa K, Aoki N, Hijikata T. JAZF1 promotes proliferation of C2C12 cells, but retards their myogenic differentiation through transcriptional repression of MEF2C and MRF4-Implications for the role of Jazf1 variants in oncogenesis and type 2 diabetes. Exp Cell Res 2015; 336:287-97. [PMID: 26101156 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been identified in Jazf1, which is also involved in the oncogenesis of endometrial stromal tumors. To understand how Jazf1 variants confer a risk of tumorigenesis and T2D, we explored the functional roles of JAZF1 and searched for JAZF1 target genes in myogenic C2C12 cells. Consistent with an increase of Jazf1 transcripts during myoblast proliferation and their decrease during myogenic differentiation in regenerating skeletal muscle, JAZF1 overexpression promoted cell proliferation, whereas it retarded myogenic differentiation. Examination of myogenic genes revealed that JAZF1 overexpression transcriptionally repressed MEF2C and MRF4 and their downstream genes. AMP deaminase1 (AMPD1) was identified as a candidate for JAZF1 target by gene array analysis. However, promoter assays of Ampd1 demonstrated that mutation of the putative binding site for the TR4/JAZF1 complex did not alleviate the repressive effects of JAZF1 on promoter activity. Instead, JAZF1-mediated repression of Ampd1 occurred through the MEF2-binding site and E-box within the Ampd1 proximal regulatory elements. Consistently, MEF2C and MRF4 expression enhanced Ampd1 promoter activity. AMPD1 overexpression and JAZF1 downregulation impaired AMPK phosphorylation, while JAZF1 overexpression also reduced it. Collectively, these results suggest that aberrant JAZF1 expression contributes to the oncogenesis and T2D pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsutoshi Yuasa
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Nishitokyo, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Natsumi Aoki
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Nishitokyo, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Takao Hijikata
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Nishitokyo, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan.
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16
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Palmer ND, Goodarzi MO, Langefeld CD, Wang N, Guo X, Taylor KD, Fingerlin TE, Norris JM, Buchanan TA, Xiang AH, Haritunians T, Ziegler JT, Williams AH, Stefanovski D, Cui J, Mackay AW, Henkin LF, Bergman RN, Gao X, Gauderman J, Varma R, Hanis CL, Cox NJ, Highland HM, Below JE, Williams AL, Burtt NP, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Huerta-Chagoya A, Gonzalez-Villalpando C, Orozco L, Haiman CA, Tsai MY, Johnson WC, Yao J, Rasmussen-Torvik L, Pankow J, Snively B, Jackson RD, Liu S, Nadler JL, Kandeel F, Chen YDI, Bowden DW, Rich SS, Raffel LJ, Rotter JI, Watanabe RM, Wagenknecht LE. Genetic Variants Associated With Quantitative Glucose Homeostasis Traits Translate to Type 2 Diabetes in Mexican Americans: The GUARDIAN (Genetics Underlying Diabetes in Hispanics) Consortium. Diabetes 2015; 64:1853-66. [PMID: 25524916 PMCID: PMC4407862 DOI: 10.2337/db14-0732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, insulin clearance, and glucose effectiveness exhibit strong genetic components, although few studies have examined their genetic architecture or influence on type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk. We hypothesized that loci affecting variation in these quantitative traits influence T2D. We completed a multicohort genome-wide association study to search for loci influencing T2D-related quantitative traits in 4,176 Mexican Americans. Quantitative traits were measured by the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (four cohorts) or euglycemic clamp (three cohorts), and random-effects models were used to test the association between loci and quantitative traits, adjusting for age, sex, and admixture proportions (Discovery). Analysis revealed a significant (P < 5.00 × 10(-8)) association at 11q14.3 (MTNR1B) with acute insulin response. Loci with P < 0.0001 among the quantitative traits were examined for translation to T2D risk in 6,463 T2D case and 9,232 control subjects of Mexican ancestry (Translation). Nonparametric meta-analysis of the Discovery and Translation cohorts identified significant associations at 6p24 (SLC35B3/TFAP2A) with glucose effectiveness/T2D, 11p15 (KCNQ1) with disposition index/T2D, and 6p22 (CDKAL1) and 11q14 (MTNR1B) with acute insulin response/T2D. These results suggest that T2D and insulin secretion and sensitivity have both shared and distinct genetic factors, potentially delineating genomic components of these quantitative traits that drive the risk for T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholette D Palmer
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC Center for Public Health Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Mark O Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Carl D Langefeld
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA Diabetes & Obesity Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Kent D Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Tasha E Fingerlin
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - Jill M Norris
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - Thomas A Buchanan
- Diabetes & Obesity Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Anny H Xiang
- Research and Evaluation Branch, Kaiser Permanente of Southern California, Pasadena, CA
| | - Talin Haritunians
- Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Julie T Ziegler
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Adrienne H Williams
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Darko Stefanovski
- Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jinrui Cui
- Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Adrienne W Mackay
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Leora F Henkin
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | | | - Xiaoyi Gao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - James Gauderman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Rohit Varma
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Craig L Hanis
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - Nancy J Cox
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Heather M Highland
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jennifer E Below
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - Amy L Williams
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chicago, IL Biological Sciences Department, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Noel P Burtt
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas
- Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alicia Huerta-Chagoya
- Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Lorena Orozco
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Michael Y Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - W Craig Johnson
- Collaborative Health Studies Coordinating Center, Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jie Yao
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Laura Rasmussen-Torvik
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Evanston, IL
| | - James Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Beverly Snively
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | | | - Simin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Jerry L Nadler
- Department of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA
| | - Fouad Kandeel
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Yii-Der I Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Donald W Bowden
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC Section on Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Leslie J Raffel
- Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Richard M Watanabe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA Diabetes & Obesity Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Lynne E Wagenknecht
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
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Cheng J, Morisaki H, Toyama K, Sugimoto N, Shintani T, Tandelilin A, Hirase T, Holmes EW, Morisaki T. AMPD1: a novel therapeutic target for reversing insulin resistance. BMC Endocr Disord 2014; 14:96. [PMID: 25511531 PMCID: PMC4274759 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6823-14-96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance is one of the hallmark manifestations of obesity and Type II diabetes and reversal of this pathogenic abnormality is an attractive target for new therapies for Type II diabetes. A recent report that metformin, a drug known to reverse insulin resistance, demonstrated in vitro the metformin can inhibit AMP deaminase (AMPD) activity. Skeletal muscle is one of the primary organs contributing to insulin resistance and that the AMPD1 gene is selectively expressed at high levels in skeletal muscle. METHODS Recognizing the background above, we asked if genetic disruption of the AMPD1 gene might ameliorate the manifestations of insulin resistance. AMPD1 deficient homozygous mice and control mice fed normal chow diet or a high-fat diet, and blood analysis, glucose tolerance test and insulin tolerance test were performed. Also, skeletal muscle metabolism and gene expression including nucleotide levels and activation of AMP activated protein kinase (AMP kinase) were evaluated in both conditions. RESULTS Disruption of the AMPD1 gene leads to a less severe state of insulin resistance, improved glucose tolerance and enhanced insulin clearance in mice fed a high fat diet. Given the central role of AMP kinase in insulin action, and its response to changes in AMP concentrations in the cell, we examined the skeletal muscle of the AMPD1 deficient mice and found that they have greater AMP kinase activity as evidenced by higher levels of phosphorylated AMP kinase. CONCLUSIONS Taken together these data suggest that AMPD may be a new drug target for the reversal of insulin resistance and the treatment of Type II diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jidong Cheng
- />Department of Bioscience and Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565 Japan
- />Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515031 P. R. China
| | - Hiroko Morisaki
- />Department of Bioscience and Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565 Japan
| | - Keiko Toyama
- />Department of Bioscience and Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565 Japan
- />Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naomi Sugimoto
- />Department of Bioscience and Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565 Japan
- />Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuya Shintani
- />Department of Bioscience and Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565 Japan
- />Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Andreas Tandelilin
- />Department of Bioscience and Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565 Japan
| | - Tetsuaki Hirase
- />Department of Bioscience and Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565 Japan
| | - Edward W Holmes
- />Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Takayuki Morisaki
- />Department of Bioscience and Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565 Japan
- />Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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18
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Goodarzi MO, Langefeld CD, Xiang AH, Chen YDI, Guo X, Hanley AJG, Raffel LJ, Kandeel F, Buchanan TA, Norris JM, Fingerlin TE, Lorenzo C, Rewers MJ, Haffner SM, Bowden DW, Rich SS, Bergman RN, Rotter JI, Watanabe RM, Wagenknecht LE. Insulin sensitivity and insulin clearance are heritable and have strong genetic correlation in Mexican Americans. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22:1157-64. [PMID: 24124113 PMCID: PMC3968231 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The GUARDIAN (Genetics UndeRlying DIAbetes in HispaNics) consortium is described, along with heritability estimates and genetic and environmental correlations of insulin sensitivity and metabolic clearance rate of insulin (MCRI). METHODS GUARDIAN is comprised of seven cohorts, consisting of 4,336 Mexican-American individuals in 1,346 pedigrees. Insulin sensitivity (SI ), MCRI, and acute insulin response (AIRg) were measured by frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test in four cohorts. Insulin sensitivity (M, M/I) and MCRI were measured by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp in three cohorts. Heritability and genetic and environmental correlations were estimated within the family cohorts (totaling 3,925 individuals) using variance components. RESULTS Across studies, age, and gender-adjusted heritability of insulin sensitivity (SI , M, M/I) ranged from 0.23 to 0.48 and of MCRI from 0.35 to 0.73. The ranges for the genetic correlations were 0.91 to 0.93 between SI and MCRI; and -0.57 to -0.59 for AIRg and MCRI (all P < 0.0001). The ranges for the environmental correlations were 0.54 to 0.74 for SI and MCRI (all P < 0.0001); and -0.16 to -0.36 for AIRg and MCRI (P < 0.0001-0.06). CONCLUSIONS These data support a strong familial basis for insulin sensitivity and MCRI in Mexican Americans. The strong genetic correlations between MCRI and SI suggest common genetic determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark O. Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
- the Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Carl D. Langefeld
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Anny H. Xiang
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California Medical Group, Pasadena, California
| | - Yii-Der I. Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Anthony J. G. Hanley
- Departments of Nutritional Sciences and Medicine and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leslie J. Raffel
- the Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Fouad Kandeel
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Thomas A. Buchanan
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jill M. Norris
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Tasha E. Fingerlin
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Carlos Lorenzo
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Marian J. Rewers
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | - Donald W. Bowden
- Department of Biochemistry, Centers for Diabetes Research and Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Stephen S. Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Richard N. Bergman
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Burns and Allen Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Richard M. Watanabe
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lynne E. Wagenknecht
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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Cheng J, Morisaki H, Sugimoto N, Dohi A, Shintani T, Kimura E, Toyama K, Ikawa M, Okabe M, Higuchi I, Matsuo S, Kawai Y, Hisatome I, Sugama T, Holmes EW, Morisaki T. Effect of isolated AMP deaminase deficiency on skeletal muscle function. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2014; 1:51-59. [PMID: 27896074 PMCID: PMC5121310 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutation of the AMP deaminase 1 (AMPD1) gene, the predominate AMPD gene expressed in skeletal muscle, is one of the most common inherited defects in the Caucasian population; 2–3% of individuals in this ethnic group are homozygous for defects in the AMPD1 gene. Several studies of human subjects have reported variable results with some studies suggesting this gene defect may cause symptoms of a metabolic myopathy and/or easy fatigability while others indicate individuals with this inherited defect are completely asymptomatic. Because of confounding problems in assessing muscle symptoms and performance in human subjects with different genetic backgrounds and different environmental experiences such as prior exercise conditioning and diet, a strain of inbred mice with selective disruption of the AMPD1 was developed to study the consequences of muscle AMPD deficiency in isolation. Studies reported here demonstrate that these animals are a good metabolic phenocopy of human AMPD1 deficiency but they exhibit no abnormalities in muscle performance in three different exercise protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jidong Cheng
- Department of Bioscience and Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroko Morisaki
- Department of Bioscience and Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naomi Sugimoto
- Department of Bioscience and Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Dohi
- Department of Bioscience and Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuya Shintani
- Department of Bioscience and Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Erika Kimura
- Department of Bioscience and Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiko Toyama
- Department of Bioscience and Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahito Ikawa
- Genome Information Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaru Okabe
- Genome Information Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Itsuro Higuchi
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Satoshi Matsuo
- Department of Adaptation Physiology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Kawai
- Department of Adaptation Physiology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Ichiro Hisatome
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Takako Sugama
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Edward W Holmes
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Takayuki Morisaki
- Department of Bioscience and Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Dai J, Krasnow RE, Liu L, Sawada SG, Reed T. The association between postload plasma glucose levels and 38-year mortality risk of coronary heart disease: the prospective NHLBI Twin Study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69332. [PMID: 23894450 PMCID: PMC3716604 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Due to the paucity of direct evidence, we aimed to evaluate whether the association between postload plasma glucose levels (ppGlucose) and long-term risk of mortality from coronary heart disease was independent of or attributable to genes and common environment. Methods and Findings From the prospective National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Twin Study, we included 903 middle-aged male twins, who were nondiabetic, free of coronary heart disease at baseline (1969–1973), and followed for up to 38 years for coronary heart, cardiovascular, and all-cause mortality. Frailty survival models were used to estimate hazard ratio (HR) for various associations: overall (equivalent to singleton population association), within-pair (controlling for genes and environment common to co-twins), and between-pair association (reflecting influences of common factors). Overall associations were statistically significant for coronary heart and cardiovascular but not all-cause deaths after controlling for known risk factors. The associations were not statistically significant in within-pair analyses. The within-pair association was not statistically different by zygosity for specific and all-cause death risk. After the full adjustment for known risk factors, HR (95% confidence interval) for within-pair association was 1.07 (0.90, 1.28), 1.06 (0.94, 1.19), and 0.99 (0.94, 1.05) for coronary heart, cardiovascular, and all-cause mortality, respectively. The fully adjusted between-pair associations were statistically significant for specific and all-cause death risk: a 50 mg/dL increase in the mean value of ppGlucose for a twin pair was associated with a raised death risk [HR (95% confidence interval) 1.15 (1.02, 1.30), 1.10 (1.02, 1.20), and 1.05 (1.01, 1.09) for coronary heart, cardiovascular, and all-cause mortality, respectively]. Between-pair association was significant in dizygotic but not in monozygotic twins. Conclusion The positive association between ppGlucose and long-term coronary heart mortality risk is largely explained by factors shared between co-twins, including familial factors; however, within-pair effects cannot be absolutely excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Dai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.
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21
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Body adiposity index versus body mass index and other anthropometric traits as correlates of cardiometabolic risk factors. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65954. [PMID: 23776578 PMCID: PMC3679008 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The worldwide prevalence of obesity mandates a widely accessible tool to categorize adiposity that can best predict associated health risks. The body adiposity index (BAI) was designed as a single equation to predict body adiposity in pooled analysis of both genders. We compared body adiposity index (BAI), body mass index (BMI), and other anthropometric measures, including percent body fat (PBF), in their correlations with cardiometabolic risk factors. We also compared BAI with BMI to determine which index is a better predictor of PBF. METHODS The cohort consisted of 698 Mexican Americans. We calculated correlations of BAI, BMI, and other anthropometric measurements (PBF measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, waist and hip circumference, height, weight) with glucose homeostasis indices (including insulin sensitivity and insulin clearance from euglycemic clamp), lipid parameters, cardiovascular traits (including carotid intima-media thickness), and biomarkers (C-reactive protein, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and adiponectin). Correlations between each anthropometric measure and cardiometabolic trait were compared in both sex-pooled and sex-stratified groups. RESULTS BMI was associated with all but two measured traits (carotid intima-media thickness and fasting glucose in men), while BAI lacked association with several variables. BAI did not outperform BMI in its associations with any cardiometabolic trait. BAI was correlated more strongly than BMI with PBF in sex-pooled analyses (r = 0.78 versus r = 0.51), but not in sex-stratified analyses (men, r = 0.63 versus r = 0.79; women, r = 0.69 versus r = 0.77). Additionally, PBF showed fewer correlations with cardiometabolic risk factors than BMI. Weight was more strongly correlated than hip with many of the cardiometabolic risk factors examined. CONCLUSIONS BAI is inferior to the widely used BMI as a correlate of the cardiometabolic risk factors studied. Additionally, BMI's relationship with total adiposity may not be the sole determinate of its association with cardiometabolic risk.
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22
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Goodarzi MO, Guo X, Cui J, Jones MR, Haritunians T, Xiang AH, Chen YDI, Taylor KD, Buchanan TA, Hsueh WA, Raffel LJ, Rotter JI. Systematic evaluation of validated type 2 diabetes and glycaemic trait loci for association with insulin clearance. Diabetologia 2013; 56:1282-90. [PMID: 23494448 PMCID: PMC3651757 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-2880-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Insulin clearance is a highly heritable trait, for which few quantitative trait loci have been discovered. We sought to determine whether validated type 2 diabetes and/or glycaemic trait loci are associated with insulin clearance. METHODS Hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamps were performed in two Hispanic-American family cohorts totalling 1329 participants in 329 families. The Metabochip was used to fine-map about 50 previously identified loci for type 2 diabetes, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, 2 h glucose or HbA1c. This resulted in 17,930 variants, which were tested for association with clamp-derived insulin clearance via meta-analysis of the two cohorts. RESULTS In the meta-analysis, 38 variants located within seven loci demonstrated association with insulin clearance (p < 0.001). The top signals for each locus were rs10241087 (DGKB/TMEM195 [TMEM195 also known as AGMO]) (p = 4.4 × 10(-5)); chr1:217605433 (LYPLAL1) (p = 3.25 × 10(-4)); rs2380949 (GLIS3) (p = 3.4 × 10(-4)); rs55903902 (FADS1) (p = 5.6 × 10(-4)); rs849334 (JAZF1) (p = 6.4 × 10(-4)); rs35749 (IGF1) (p = 6.7 × 10(-4)); and rs9460557 (CDKAL1) (p = 6.8 × 10(-4)). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION While the majority of validated loci for type 2 diabetes and related traits do not appear to influence insulin clearance in Hispanics, several of these loci do show evidence of association with this trait. It is therefore possible that these loci could have pleiotropic effects on insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity and insulin clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Room B-131, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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Lee CC, Haffner SM, Wagenknecht LE, Lorenzo C, Norris JM, Bergman RN, Stefanovski D, Anderson AM, Rotter JI, Goodarzi MO, Hanley AJ. Insulin clearance and the incidence of type 2 diabetes in Hispanics and African Americans: the IRAS Family Study. Diabetes Care 2013; 36:901-7. [PMID: 23223351 PMCID: PMC3609510 DOI: 10.2337/dc12-1316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify factors that are independently associated with the metabolic clearance rate of insulin (MCRI) and to examine the association of MCRI with incident type 2 diabetes in nondiabetic Hispanics and African Americans. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We investigated 1,116 participants in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS) Family Study with baseline examinations from 2000 to 2002 and follow-up examinations from 2005 to 2006. Insulin sensitivity (S(I)), acute insulin response (AIR), and MCRI were determined at baseline from frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance tests. MCRI was calculated as the ratio of the insulin dose over the incremental area under the curve of insulin. Incident diabetes was defined as fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL or antidiabetic medication use by self-report. RESULTS We observed that S(I) and HDL cholesterol were independent positive correlates of MCRI, whereas fasting insulin, fasting glucose, subcutaneous adipose tissue, visceral adipose tissue, and AIR were independent negative correlates (all P < 0.05) at baseline. After 5 years of follow-up, 71 (6.4%) participants developed type 2 diabetes. Lower MCRI was associated with a higher risk of incident diabetes after adjusting for demographics, lifestyle factors, HDL cholesterol, indexes of obesity and adiposity, and insulin secretion (odds ratio 2.01 [95% CI 1.30-3.10], P = 0.0064, per one-SD decrease in loge-transformed MCRI). CONCLUSIONS Our data showed that lower MCRI predicts the incidence of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Christine Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Toyama K, Morisaki H, Cheng J, Kawachi H, Shimizu F, Ikawa M, Okabe M, Morisaki T. Proteinuria in AMPD2-deficient mice. Genes Cells 2013; 17:28-38. [PMID: 22212473 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2443.2011.01568.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The AMPD2 gene, a member of the AMPD gene family encoding AMP deaminase, is widely expressed in nonmuscle tissues including kidney, although its functions have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we studied the function of the AMPD2 gene by establishing AMPD2-deficient model animal. We established AMPD2 knockout mice by using gene transfer and homologous recombination in murine ES cells and studied phenotypes and functions in the kidneys of these animals. AMPD activity was decreased from 22.9 mIU/mg protein to 2.5 mIU/mg protein in the kidneys of AMPD knockout mice. In addition to changes in nucleotide metabolism in the kidneys, proteinuria was found in 3-week-old AMPD2 knockout mice, followed by a further increment up to a peak level at 6 weeks old (up to 0.6 g/dL). The major protein component in the urine of AMPD2 knockout mice was found to be albumin, indicating that AMPD2 may have a key role in glomerular filtration. Indeed, an ultrastructure study of glomerulus specimens from these mice showed effacement of the podocyte foot processes, resembling minimal-change nephropathy in humans. Based on our results, we concluded that AMPD2 deficiency induces imbalanced nucleotide metabolism and proteinuria, probably due to podocyte dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Toyama
- Department of Bioscience and Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
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Lee CC, Lorenzo C, Haffner SM, Wagenknecht LE, Festa A, Goodarzi MO, Stefanovski D, Olson NC, Norris JM, Rewers MJ, Hanley AJ. The association of inflammatory and fibrinolytic proteins with 5 year change in insulin clearance: the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS). Diabetologia 2013; 56:112-20. [PMID: 23052060 PMCID: PMC4010386 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2741-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Insulin clearance may decline as an early mechanism compensating for deteriorating insulin sensitivity. However, no previous studies have investigated the association between subclinical inflammation or impaired fibrinolysis and insulin clearance. We examined the association between plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1, C-reactive protein (CRP), TNF-α, leptin and fibrinogen and the progression of metabolic clearance rate of insulin (MCRI) over time. METHODS We studied 784 non-diabetic white, Hispanic and African-American individuals in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS). Insulin sensitivity, acute insulin response and MCRI were determined from frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance tests at baseline and at 5-year follow-up. Inflammatory and fibrinolytic proteins were measured in fasting plasma at baseline. RESULTS MCRI had declined significantly by 29% at the 5-year follow-up. We observed a significant association between higher plasma PAI-1 levels and the decline in MCRI in multivariable-adjusted regression models (β = -0.045 [95% CI -0.081, -0.0091]). Higher plasma CRP and leptin levels were associated with a decline in MCRI in unadjusted models, but these associations were non-significant after adjusting for BMI and waist circumference (β = -0.016 [95% CI -0.041, 0.0083] for CRP; β = -0.044 [95% CI -0.10, 0.011] for leptin). A higher plasma TNF-α concentration was associated with a decline in MCRI in unadjusted (β = -0.071 [95% CI -0.14, -0.00087]) but not in multivariable-adjusted (β = -0.056 [95% CI -0.13, 0.017]) models. Plasma fibrinogen level was not associated with the change in MCRI. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We identified that higher plasma PAI-1 (but not CRP, TNF-α, leptin or fibrinogen) levels independently predicted the progressive decline of insulin clearance in the multiethnic cohort of the IRAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. C. Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C. Lorenzo
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Texas Health Science Centre, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - S. M. Haffner
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L. E. Wagenknecht
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - M. O. Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - D. Stefanovski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - N. C. Olson
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT
| | - J. M. Norris
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - M. J. Rewers
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - A. J. Hanley
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Guo X, Cui J, Jones MR, Haritunians T, Xiang AH, Chen YDI, Taylor KD, Buchanan TA, Davis RC, Hsueh WA, Raffel LJ, Rotter JI, Goodarzi MO. Insulin clearance: confirmation as a highly heritable trait, and genome-wide linkage analysis. Diabetologia 2012; 55:2183-92. [PMID: 22584727 PMCID: PMC3391346 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2577-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS We have previously documented a high heritability of insulin clearance in a Hispanic cohort. Here, our goal was to confirm the high heritability in a second cohort and search for genetic loci contributing to insulin clearance. METHODS Hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamps were performed in 513 participants from 140 Hispanic families. Heritability was estimated for clamp-derived insulin clearance and a two-phase genome-wide linkage scan was conducted using a variance components approach. Linkage peaks were further investigated by candidate gene association analysis in two cohorts. RESULTS The covariate-adjusted heritability of insulin clearance was 73%, indicating that the majority of the phenotypic variance is due to genetic factors. In the Phase 1 linkage scan, no signals with a logarithm of odds (LOD) score >2 were detected. In the Phase 2 scan, two linkage peaks with an LOD >2 for insulin clearance were identified on chromosomes 15 (LOD 3.62) and 20 (LOD 2.43). These loci harbour several promising candidate genes for insulin clearance, with 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on chromosome 15 and six SNPs on chromosome 20 being associated with insulin clearance in both Hispanic cohorts. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION In a second Hispanic cohort, we confirmed that insulin clearance is a highly heritable trait and identified chromosomal loci that harbour genes regulating insulin clearance. The identification of such genes may improve our understanding of how the body clears insulin, thus leading to improved risk assessment, diagnosis, prevention and therapy of diabetes, as well as of other hyperinsulinaemic disorders, such as the metabolic syndrome and polycystic ovary syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. Guo
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J. Cui
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M. R. Jones
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Room B-131, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - T. Haritunians
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A. H. Xiang
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California Medical Group, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Y.-D. I. Chen
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - K. D. Taylor
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - T. A. Buchanan
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - R. C. Davis
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - W. A. Hsueh
- Diabetes Research Center, Division of Diabetes, Obesity and Lipids, Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L. J. Raffel
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J. I. Rotter
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M. O. Goodarzi
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Room B-131, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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Fletcher SJ, Kalupahana NS, Soltani-Bejnood M, Kim JH, Saxton AM, Wasserman DH, De Taeye B, Voy BH, Quignard-Boulange A, Moustaid-Moussa N. Transgenic mice overexpressing Renin exhibit glucose intolerance and diet-genotype interactions. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2012; 3:166. [PMID: 23308073 PMCID: PMC3538348 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2012.00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous animal and clinical investigations have pointed to a potential role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the development of insulin resistance and diabetes in conditions of expanded fat mass. However, the mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. We used a transgenic mouse model overexpressing renin in the liver (RenTgMK) to examine the effects of chronic activation of RAS on adiposity and insulin sensitivity. Hepatic overexpression of renin resulted in constitutively elevated plasma angiotensin II (four- to six-fold increase vs. wild-type, WT). Surprisingly, RenTgMK mice developed glucose intolerance despite low levels of adiposity and insulinemia. The transgenics also had lower plasma triglyceride levels. Glucose intolerance in transgenic mice fed a low-fat diet was comparable to that observed in high-fat fed WT mice. These studies demonstrate that overexpression of renin and associated hyperangiotensinemia impair glucose tolerance in a diet-dependent manner and further support a consistent role of RAS in the pathogenesis of diabetes and insulin resistance, independent of changes in fat mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Fletcher
- Genome Science and Technology Program, University of TennesseeKnoxville, TN, USA
| | - Nishan S. Kalupahana
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of PeradeniyaPeradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Jung Han Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Marshall UniversityHuntington, WV, USA
| | - Arnold M. Saxton
- Department of Animal Science, University of TennesseeKnoxville, TN, USA
| | - David H. Wasserman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Vanderbilt UniversityNashville, TN, USA
| | - Bart De Taeye
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Vanderbilt UniversityNashville, TN, USA
| | - Brynn H. Voy
- Department of Animal Science, University of TennesseeKnoxville, TN, USA
| | | | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech UniversityLubbock, TX, USA
- *Correspondence: Naima Moustaid-Moussa, Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, 1301, Akron Street, Lubbock, TX 79423, USA. e-mail:
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Kulkarni SS, Karlsson HKR, Szekeres F, Chibalin AV, Krook A, Zierath JR. Suppression of 5'-nucleotidase enzymes promotes AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and metabolism in human and mouse skeletal muscle. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:34567-74. [PMID: 21873433 PMCID: PMC3186409 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.268292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2011] [Revised: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The 5'-nucleotidase (NT5) family of enzyme dephosphorylates non-cyclic nucleoside monophosphates to produce nucleosides and inorganic phosphates. We hypothesized that gene silencing of NT5 enzymes to increase the intracellular availability of AMP would increase AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity and metabolism. We determined the role of cytosolic NT5 in metabolic responses linked to the development of insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Using siRNA to silence NT5C2 expression in cultured human myotubes, we observed a 2-fold increase in the AMP/ATP ratio, a 2.4-fold increase in AMPK phosphorylation (Thr(172)), and a 2.8-fold increase in acetyl-CoA carboxylase phosphorylation (Ser(79)) (p < 0.05). siRNA silencing of NT5C2 expression increased palmitate oxidation by 2-fold in the absence and by 8-fold in the presence of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-β-d-ribofuranoside. This was paralleled by an increase in glucose transport and a decrease in glucose oxidation, incorporation into glycogen, and lactate release from NT5C2-depleted myotubes. Gene silencing of NT5C1A by shRNA injection and electroporation in mouse tibialis anterior muscle reduced protein content (60%; p < 0.05) and increased phosphorylation of AMPK (60%; p < 0.05) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (50%; p < 0.05) and glucose uptake (20%; p < 0.05). Endogenous expression of NT5C enzymes inhibited basal lipid oxidation and glucose transport in skeletal muscle. Reduction of 5'-nucleotidase expression or activity may promote metabolic flexibility in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer S. Kulkarni
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Håkan K. R. Karlsson
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ferenc Szekeres
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander V. Chibalin
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Krook
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juleen R. Zierath
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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Goodarzi MO, Cui J, Chen YDI, Hsueh WA, Guo X, Rotter JI. Fasting insulin reflects heterogeneous physiological processes: role of insulin clearance. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2011; 301:E402-8. [PMID: 21632466 PMCID: PMC3154529 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00013.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Several processes contribute to variation in fasting insulin concentration, including fasting glucose, insulin resistance, insulin secretion, and insulin clearance. Our goal was to determine the relative contribution of each of these insulin-related traits, plus anthropometric parameters, to fasting insulin among 470 Mexican Americans. The euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp yielded insulin sensitivity (M value) and metabolic clearance rate of insulin (MCRI). Acute insulin secretion was estimated by the insulinogenic index (IGI30) from the oral glucose tolerance test. Regression (univariate) and generalized estimating equations (multivariate) were used to describe the relationship of insulin-related traits to fasting insulin. Univarate analyses were used to select which traits to include in the multivariate model. In multivariate analysis, MCRI, M, BMI, waist circumference, and fasting glucose were independently associated with fasting insulin. Decreasing M and MCRI were associated with increasing fasting insulin, whereas increasing BMI, waist circumference, and fasting glucose were associated with increasing fasting insulin. Standardized coefficients allowed determination of the relative strength of each trait's association with fasting insulin in the entire cohort (strongest to weakest): MCRI (-0.35, P < 0.0001), M (-0.24, P < 0.0001), BMI (0.20, P = 0.0011), waist circumference (0.16, P = 0.021), and fasting glucose (0.11, P = 0.014). Fasting insulin is a complex phenotype influenced by several independent processes, each of which might have its own environmental and genetic determinants. One of the most associated traits was insulin clearance, which has implications for studies that have used fasting insulin as a surrogate for insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark O Goodarzi
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA..
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Carotid plaque age is a feature of plaque stability inversely related to levels of plasma insulin. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18248. [PMID: 21490968 PMCID: PMC3072386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The stability of atherosclerotic plaques determines the risk for rupture,
which may lead to thrombus formation and potentially severe clinical
complications such as myocardial infarction and stroke. Although the rate of
plaque formation may be important for plaque stability, this process is not
well understood. We took advantage of the atmospheric
14C-declination curve (a result of the atomic bomb tests in the
1950s and 1960s) to determine the average biological age of carotid
plaques. Methodology/Principal Finding The cores of carotid plaques were dissected from 29 well-characterized,
symptomatic patients with carotid stenosis and analyzed for 14C
content by accelerator mass spectrometry. The average plaque age (i.e.
formation time) was 9.6±3.3 years. All but two plaques had formed
within 5–15 years before surgery. Plaque age was not associated with
the chronological ages of the patients but was inversely related to plasma
insulin levels (p = 0.0014). Most plaques were
echo-lucent rather than echo-rich (2.24±0.97, range 1–5).
However, plaques in the lowest tercile of plaque age (most recently formed)
were characterized by further instability with a higher content of lipids
and macrophages (67.8±12.4 vs. 50.4±6.2,
p = 0.00005; 57.6±26.1 vs. 39.8±25.7,
p<0.0005, respectively), less collagen (45.3±6.1 vs.
51.1±9.8, p<0.05), and fewer smooth muscle cells (130±31
vs. 141±21, p<0.05) than plaques in the highest tercile.
Microarray analysis of plaques in the lowest tercile also showed increased
activity of genes involved in immune responses and oxidative
phosphorylation. Conclusions/Significance Our results show, for the first time, that plaque age, as judge by relative
incorporation of 14C, can improve our understanding of carotid
plaque stability and therefore risk for clinical complications. Our results
also suggest that levels of plasma insulin might be involved in determining
carotid plaque age.
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AMPD1 gene mutations are associated with obesity and diabetes in Polish patients with cardiovascular diseases. J Appl Genet 2010; 52:67-76. [PMID: 21108053 PMCID: PMC3026686 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-010-0009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Revised: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies showed an association of the common functional polymorphism (C34T, Gln12Stop) in the adenosine monophosphate deaminase-1 (AMPD1) gene with survival in heart failure (HF) and/or coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of the study was to search for other mutations in selected regions of the AMPD1 gene in Polish CAD and HF patients, and to analyze their associations with obesity and diabetes. Exons 2, 3, 5, and 7 of AMPD1 were scanned for mutations in 97 patients with CAD without HF (CAD+ HF−), 104 patients with HF (HF+), and 200 newborns from North-Western Poland using denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC), polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), and direct sequencing. Frequencies of AMPD1 C34T mutation, as well as novel A99G, G512A, IVS4-6delT, and C784T sequence alterations, were similar in the three groups, but 860T mutated allele was less frequent in the combined CAD+ HF− and HF+ groups than in the controls (1.7% vs. 4.3%, p = 0.040). Heterozygous 34CT genotype was associated with lower (odds ratio [OR] = 0.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.13–0.81) and 860AT with higher (OR = 13.7, 95%CI = 1.6–118) prevalence of diabetes or hyperglycemia in relation to wild-type homozygotes. Abdominal obesity was more frequent in 860AT patients than in wild-type homozygotes and 34CT heterozygotes (86% vs. 40% vs. 29%, p < 0.05). Nine genes containing polymorphisms linked with AMPD1 C34T mutation were found in the HapMap database. AMPD1 C34T nonsense mutation is associated with reduced prevalence of diabetes and obesity in patients with CAD or HF, but A860T substitution seems to exert opposite metabolic effects and should always be accounted for in the studies of the AMPD1 genotype.
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Safranow K, Czyzycka E, Binczak‐Kuleta A, Rzeuski R, Skowronek J, Wojtarowicz A, Jakubowska K, Olszewska M, Loniewska B, Kaliszczak R, Kornacewicz‐Jach Z, Ciechanowicz A, Chlubek D. Association of C34TAMPD1gene polymorphism with features of metabolic syndrome in patients with coronary artery disease or heart failure. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2009; 69:102-12. [DOI: 10.1080/00365510802430964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hsueh WC, Silver KD, Pollin TI, Bell CJ, O'Connell JR, Mitchell BD, Shuldiner AR. A genome-wide linkage scan of insulin level derived traits: the Amish Family Diabetes Study. Diabetes 2007; 56:2643-8. [PMID: 17646211 DOI: 10.2337/db06-1023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Serum insulin levels are altered in insulin resistance and insulin deficiency, states that are associated with the development of type 2 diabetes. The goal of our study was to identify chromosomal regions that are likely to harbor genetic determinants of these traits. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a series of genetic analyses, including genome-wide and fine-mapping linkage studies, based on insulin levels measured during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in 552 nondiabetic participants in the Amish Family Diabetes Study. Indices of insulin secretion included the insulinogenic index and insulin at 30 min postglucose load (insulin 30), while indices of insulin resistance included homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and fasting insulin. Insulin area under the curve, a measure of both insulin secretion and insulin resistance, was also examined. RESULTS All traits were modestly heritable, with heritability estimates ranging from 0.1 to 0.4 (all P < 0.05). There was significant genetic correlation between fasting insulin and HOMA-IR (rho(G) > 0.86, P < 0.05), as well as insulin 30 and insulinogenic index (rho(G) = 0.81, P < 0.0001), suggesting that common genes influence variation in these pairs of traits. Suggestive linkage signals in the genome scan were to insulin 30 on chromosome 15q23 (logarithm of odds [LOD] 2.53, P = 0.00032) and to insulinogenic index on chromosome 2p13 (LOD 2.51, P = 0.00034). Fine-mapping study further refined our signal for insulin 30 on chromosome 15 (LOD 2.38 at 68 cM). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that there may be different genes influencing variation in OGTT measures of insulin secretion and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chi Hsueh
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
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Devlin SM, Yang H, Ippoliti A, Taylor KD, Landers CJ, Su X, Abreu MT, Papadakis KA, Vasiliauskas EA, Melmed GY, Fleshner PR, Mei L, Rotter JI, Targan SR. NOD2 variants and antibody response to microbial antigens in Crohn's disease patients and their unaffected relatives. Gastroenterology 2007; 132:576-86. [PMID: 17258734 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2006.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2006] [Accepted: 10/26/2006] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The Cdcs1 locus of the C3Bir mouse confers severe colitis associated with a decrease in innate immune function and an increase in adaptive T-cell responses to commensal bacterial products. The aim of our study was to determine if defects in innate immunity are similarly associated with increased adaptive immune responses to microbial antigens in Crohn's disease patients. METHODS Sera from 732 patients, 220 unaffected relatives, and 200 healthy controls were tested for antibodies to oligomannan, the Pseudomonas fluorescens-related protein, Escherichia coli outer membrane porin C, CBir1 flagellin, and DNA from the same subjects was tested for 3 Crohn's disease-associated variants of the NOD2 gene, and 5 toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, 2 TLR4, and 2 TLR9 variants. The magnitude of responses to microbial antigens was examined according to variant status. RESULTS NOD2 variant carriage increased in frequency with increasing number of positive antibodies and increasing cumulative quantitative response as measured by quartile sum (P for trend, .0008 and .0003, respectively). Mean antibody and quartile sums were higher for patients carrying any NOD2 variant versus those carrying none (2.24 vs 1.92 and 10.60 vs 9.72; P = .0008 and P = 0.0003, respectively). The mean quartile sum was higher for unaffected relatives carrying any NOD2 variant versus those carrying none (10.67 vs 9.75, respectively; P = .02). No association was found between any TLR variant and the magnitude of response. CONCLUSIONS Patients with Crohn's disease and unaffected relatives carrying variants of the NOD2 gene have increased adaptive immune responses to microbial antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane M Devlin
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
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Cheng W, Satyanarayanajois S, Lim LY. Aqueous-Soluble, Non-Reversible Lipid Conjugate of Salmon Calcitonin: Synthesis, Characterization and In Vivo Activity. Pharm Res 2006; 24:99-110. [PMID: 17109213 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-006-9128-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2006] [Accepted: 07/18/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A novel, non-reversible, aqueous-based lipidization strategy with palmitic acid as a model lipid was evaluated for conjugation with salmon calcitonin (sCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS A water-soluble epsilon-maleimido lysine derivative of palmitic acid was synthesized from reaction of palmitic acid N-succinimidyl ester and epsilon-maleimido lysine. The latter was generated from reaction of alpha-Boc-lysine and methylpyrrolecarboxylate, with subsequent deprotection of the Boc group. The palmitic derivative was further conjugated with sCT via a thio-ether bond to produce Mal-sCT in aqueous solution. The identity and purity of Mal-sCT was confirmed by Electrospray Ionisation Mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and HPLC. RESULTS Yield of Mal-sCT was 83%. Dynamic light scattering and circular dichroism data suggested that Mal-sCT presented as a stable helical structure in aqueous solutions of varying polarity, with a propensity to aggregate at concentrations above 11 microM. Cellular uptake of Mal-sCT was twice that of sCT in the Caco-2 cell model, and the conjugate was more resistant to liver enzyme degradation. Mal-sCT exhibited comparable hypocalcemic activity to sCT when administered subcutaneously in the rat model at sCT equivalent dose of 0.114 mg/kg. Peroral Mal-sCT, however, produced variability in therapeutic outcome. While four out of six rats did not respond following intragastric gavage with Mal-sCT, two rats showed significantly suppressed plasma calcium levels (approximately 60% of baseline) for up to 10 h. CONCLUSION A novel non-reversible, water-soluble lipid conjugate of sCT was successfully synthesized that showed (1) different aggregation behavior and secondary structure, (2) improved enzymatic stability and cellular uptake, and (3) comparable hypocalcemic activity in vivo compared to sCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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Seda O, Sedová L, Liska F, Krenová D, Prejzek V, Kazdová L, Tremblay J, Hamet P, Kren V. Novel double-congenic strain reveals effects of spontaneously hypertensive rat chromosome 2 on specific lipoprotein subfractions and adiposity. Physiol Genomics 2006; 27:95-102. [PMID: 16822831 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00039.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a new, double-congenic rat strain BN- Lx.SHR2, which carries two distinct segments of chromosome 2 introgressed from the spontaneously hypertensive rat strain (SHR) into the genetic background of congenic strain BN- Lx, which was previously shown to express variety of metabolic syndrome features. In 16-wk-old male rats of BN- Lx and BN- Lx.SHR2 strains, we compared their glucose tolerance and triacylglycerol and cholesterol concentrations in 20 lipoprotein subfractions and the lipoprotein particle sizes under conditions of feeding standard and high-sucrose diets. Introgression of two distinct SHR-derived chromosome 2 segments resulted in decreased adiposity together with aggravation of glucose intolerance in the double-congenic strain. The BN- Lx.SHR2 rats were more sensitive to sucrose-induced rise in triacylglycerolemia. Although the total cholesterol concentrations of the two strains were comparable after the standard diet and even lower in BN- Lx.SHR2 after sucrose feeding, detailed analysis revealed that under both dietary conditions, the double-congenic strain had significantly higher cholesterol concentrations in low-density lipoprotein fractions and lower high-density lipoprotein fractions. We established a new inbred model showing dyslipidemia and mild glucose intolerance without obesity, attributable to specific genomic regions. For the first time, the chromosome 2 segments of SHR origin are shown to influence other than blood pressure-related features of metabolic syndrome or to be involved in relevant nutrigenomic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Seda
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics of the First Faculty of Medicine of Charles University and the General Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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Ahrén B, Pacini G. A novel approach to assess insulin sensitivity reveals no increased insulin sensitivity in mice with a dominant-negative mutant hepatocyte nuclear factor-1α. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2006; 291:R131-7. [PMID: 16469839 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00519.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In phenotype experiments in mice, determination of dynamic insulin sensitivity often uses the insulin tolerance test. However, the interpretation of this test is complicated by the counterregulation occurring at low glucose. To overcome this problem, we determined the dynamic insulin sensitivity after inhibition of endogenous insulin secretion by diazoxide (25 mg/kg) in association with intravenous administration of glucose plus insulin (the DSGIT technique). Estimation of insulin sensitivity index (SI) by this technique showed good correlation to SI from a regular intravenous glucose tolerance test ( r = 0.87; P < 0.001; n = 15). With DSGIT, we evaluated dynamic insulin sensitivity in mice with a rat insulin promoter (β-cell-targeted) dominant-negative mutation of hepatic nuclear factor (HNF)-1α [RIP-DN HNF-1α (Tg) mice]. When insulin was administered exogenously at the same dose in Tg and wild-type (WT) mice, plasma insulin levels were higher in WT, indicating an increased insulin clearance in Tg mice. When the diazoxide test was used, different doses of insulin were therefore administered (0.1 and 0.15 U/kg in WT and 0.2 and 0.25 U/kg in Tg) to achieve similar insulin levels in the groups. Minimal model analysis showed that SI was the same in the two groups (0.78 ± 0.21 × 10−4 min·pmol−1·l−1 in WT vs. 0.60 ± 0.11 in Tg; P = 0.45) as was the glucose elimination rate ( P = 0.27). We conclude that 1) the DSGIT technique determines the in vivo dynamic insulin action in mice, 2) insulin clearance is increased in Tg mice, and 3) chronic islet dysfunction in RIP-DN HNF-1α mice is not compensated with increased insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ahrén
- Department of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Bhatnagar D. Nutrition and metabolism: the metabolic syndrome again! Curr Opin Lipidol 2005; 16:692-4. [PMID: 16276246 DOI: 10.1097/01.mol.0000191504.16961.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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