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Jalili F, Moradi S, Talebi S, Mehrabani S, Ghoreishy SM, Wong A, Jalalvand AR, Kermani MAH, Jalili C, Jalili F. The effects of citrus flavonoids supplementation on endothelial function: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Phytother Res 2024; 38:2847-2859. [PMID: 38561995 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The present systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis was conducted to synthesize existing data from randomized clinical trials (RCTs) concerning the impact of citrus flavonoids supplementation (CFS) on endothelial function. Relevant RCTs were identified through comprehensive searches of the PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and Scopus databases up to May 30, 2023. Weighted mean differences and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were pooled utilizing a random-effects model. A total of eight eligible RCTs, comprising 596 participants, were included in the analysis. The pooled data demonstrated a statistically significant augmentation in flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) (2.75%; 95% CI: 1.29, 4.20; I2 = 87.3%; p < 0.001) associated with CFS compared to the placebo group. Furthermore, the linear dose-response analysis indicated that each increment of 200 mg/d in CFS led to an increase of 1.09% in FMD (95% CI: 0.70, 1.48; I2 = 94.5%; p < 0.001). The findings from the nonlinear dose-response analysis also revealed a linear relationship between CFS and FMD (Pnon-linearity = 0.903, Pdose-response <0.001). Our findings suggest that CFS enhances endothelial function. However, more extensive RTCs encompassing longer intervention durations and different populations are warranted to establish more precise conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Jalili
- University of Adelaide Faculty of Medicine, Adelide, Australia
| | - Sajjad Moradi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Research Center for Evidence-Based Health Management, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Sepide Talebi
- Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Mehrabani
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mojtaba Ghoreishy
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alexei Wong
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Marymount University, School of Health Sciences, Arlington, Virginia, USA
| | - Ali R Jalalvand
- Research Center of Oils and Fats, Research Institute for Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Hojjati Kermani
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Cyrus Jalili
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Faramarz Jalili
- School of Health Administration, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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Qiu B, Zhou Y, Tao X, Hou X, Du L, Lv Y, Yu L. The effect of exercise on flow-mediated dilation in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1347399. [PMID: 38596227 PMCID: PMC11002232 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1347399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction An increasing number of studies have investigated the effect of exercise on flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), while the findings were controversial. The primary aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the effect of exercise on FMD in T2DM patients, and the secondary aim was to investigate the optimal type, frequency, session duration, and weekly time of exercise for T2DM patients. Methods Searches were conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase and EBSCO databases. The Cochrane risk of bias tool (RoB2) in randomized trial and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale were used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. Results From the 3636 search records initially retrieved, 13 studies met the inclusion criteria. Our meta-analysis revealed that exercise had a significant effect on improving FMD in T2DM patients [WMD, 2.18 (95% CI, 1.78-2.58), p < 0.00001, I2 = 38%], with high-intensity interval training (HIIT) being the most effective intervention type [HIIT, 2.62 (1.42-3.82); p < 0.0001; aerobic exercise, 2.20 (1.29-3.11), p < 0.00001; resistance exercise, 1.91 (0.01-3.82), p = 0.05; multicomponent training, 1.49 (0.15-2.83), p = 0.03]. In addition, a higher frequency [> 3 times, 3.06 (1.94-4.19), p < 0.00001; ≤ 3 times, 2.02 (1.59-2.45), p < 0.00001], a shorter session duration [< 60 min, 3.39 (2.07-4.71), p < 0.00001; ≥ 60 min, 1.86 (1.32-2.40), p < 0.00001], and a shorter weekly time [≤ 180 min, 2.40 (1.63-3.17), p < 0.00001; > 180 min, 2.11 (0.82-3.40), p = 0.001] were associated with larger improvements in FMD. Conclusion This meta-analysis provides clinicians with evidence to recommended that T2DM patients participate in exercise, especially HIIT, more than 3 times per week for less than 60 min, with a target of 180 min per week being reached by increasing the frequency of exercise. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, identifier CRD42023466575.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bopeng Qiu
- Department of Strength and Conditioning Assessment and Monitoring, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yilun Zhou
- Department of Strength and Conditioning Assessment and Monitoring, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Xifeng Tao
- Department of Strength and Conditioning Assessment and Monitoring, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- School of Physical Education, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Hou
- School of Sport Sciences, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Liwen Du
- Department of Strength and Conditioning Assessment and Monitoring, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lv
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Laikang Yu
- Department of Strength and Conditioning Assessment and Monitoring, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
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Machin DR, Trott DW, Gogulamudi VR, Islam MT, Bloom SI, Vink H, Lesniewski LA, Donato AJ. Glycocalyx-targeted therapy ameliorates age-related arterial dysfunction. GeroScience 2023; 45:2351-2365. [PMID: 36787090 PMCID: PMC10651573 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00745-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced age is accompanied by arterial dysfunction, as well as a diminished glycocalyx, which may be linked to reduced high molecular weight-hyaluronan (HMW-HA) synthesis. However, the impact of glycocalyx deterioration in age-related arterial dysfunction is unknown. We sought to determine if manipulations in glycocalyx properties would alter arterial function. Tamoxifen-induced hyaluronan synthase 2 (Has2) reduction was used to decrease glycocalyx properties. Three weeks post-tamoxifen treatment, glycocalyx thickness was lower in Has2 knockout compared to wild-type mice (P<0.05). Has2 reduction induced arterial dysfunction, demonstrated by impaired endothelium-dependent dilation (EDD) and elevated aortic stiffness (P<0.05). To augment glycocalyx properties, old mice received 10 weeks of a glycocalyx-targeted therapy via Endocalyx™ (old+ECX), which contains HMW-HA and other glycocalyx components. Compared to old control mice, glycocalyx properties and EDD were augmented, and aortic stiffness decreased in old+ECX mice (P<0.05). Old+ECX mice had a more youthful aortic phenotype, demonstrated by lower collagen content and higher elastin content than old control mice (P<0.05). Functional outcomes were repeated in old mice that underwent a diet supplemented solely with HMW-HA (old+HA). Compared to old controls, glycocalyx properties and EDD were augmented, and aortic stiffness was lower in old+HA mice (P<0.05). We did not observe any differences between old+HA and old+ECX mice (P>0.05). Has2 reduction phenocopies age-related arterial dysfunction, while 10 weeks of glycocalyx-targeted therapy that restores the glycocalyx also ameliorates age-related arterial dysfunction. These findings suggest that the glycocalyx may be a viable therapeutic target to ameliorate age-related arterial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Machin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.
| | - Daniel W Trott
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Md Torikul Islam
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Samuel I Bloom
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Hans Vink
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- MicroVascular Health Solutions LLC, Alpine, UT, USA
| | - Lisa A Lesniewski
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- VA Salt Lake City, GRECC, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Anthony J Donato
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- VA Salt Lake City, GRECC, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Tomah S, Salah T, Al-Badri M, Dhaver S, Gardner H, Tasabehji MW, Hamdy O. Multidisciplinary intensive lifestyle intervention improves markers of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with type 1 diabetes and obesity: a retrospective matched-cohort study. Clin Diabetes Endocrinol 2023; 9:3. [PMID: 37046323 PMCID: PMC10091669 DOI: 10.1186/s40842-023-00150-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing among patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) paralleling the increasing prevalence of obesity among this population. However, little is known about the impact of intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) on NAFLD in patients with T1D. METHODS Using Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI), a noninvasive surrogate predictor of NAFLD, we retrospectively evaluated 88 adult patients with T1D and obesity after one year of participating in a 12-week ILI program in real-world clinical practice. Using the NAFLD guidelines of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD), we excluded 11 participants. We matched the remaining ILI cohort (age 43 ± 12 years, females 65%, diabetes duration 22 ± 9 years, A1C 8.2 ± 0.9%, body weight 101 ± 17 kg, BMI 35.3 ± 4.9 kg/m2) in 1:1 ratio with a similar cohort of patients with T1D and obesity who received standard diabetes care (SC) at the same practice and during the same period. Matching criteria included: sex, age, BMI, A1C and duration of T1D. HSI [8 + ALT/AST + BMI (+ 2 if female, + 2 if T2D)] was calculated at baseline and after 12 months of intervention. RESULTS At baseline, HSI was similar between the two cohorts (46.2 ± 6.1 in the ILI cohort and 44.9 ± 5.7 in the SC cohort). After 12 months, the ILI group lost an average of 5.6 ± 2.7 kg (5.8%, p < 0.05) while the SC group maintained their baseline body weight (p < 0.001 between groups). HSI decreased significantly from baseline in the ILI group (-2.7 ± 1.1, p = 0.01), but did not change in the SC group (0.6 ± 0.9, p = 0.53, p < 0.001 between groups). Percentage of patients with high likelihood of NAFLD diagnosis decreased from 100% at baseline to 88.3% in the ILI group, and was 10.4% less compared to SC (p < 0.01). Total daily insulin dose decreased in the ILI cohort compared to the SC cohort (-6.1 ± 4.2 versus 1.34 ± 4.3 units/day, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Twelve weeks of ILI improved HSI and decreased total daily insulin requirements in patients with T1D and obesity at one year. Short-term ILI should be implemented in the management of NAFLD for obese patients with type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaheen Tomah
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Tareq Salah
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Marwa Al-Badri
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | | | | | - Mhd Wael Tasabehji
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Osama Hamdy
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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Zheng X, Berg Sen J, Li Z, Sabouri M, Samarah L, Deacon CS, Bernardo J, Machin DR. High-salt diet augments systolic blood pressure and induces arterial dysfunction in outbred, genetically diverse mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 324:H473-H483. [PMID: 36735405 PMCID: PMC10010918 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00415.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Excess salt consumption contributes to hypertension and arterial dysfunction in humans living in industrialized societies. However, this arterial phenotype is not typically observed in inbred, genetically identical mouse strains that consume a high-salt (HS) diet. Therefore, we sought to determine the effects of HS diet consumption on systolic blood pressure (BP) and arterial function in UM-HET3 mice, an outbred, genetically diverse strain of mice. Male and female UM-HET3 mice underwent a low-salt [LS (1% NaCl)] or HS (4% NaCl) diet for 12 wk. Systolic BP and aortic stiffness, determined by pulse wave velocity (PWV), were increased in HS after 2 and 4 wk, respectively, compared with baseline and continued to increase through week 12 (P < 0.05). Systolic BP was higher from weeks 2-12 and PWV was higher from weeks 4-12 in HS compared with LS mice (P < 0.05). Aortic collagen content was ∼81% higher in HS compared with LS (P < 0.05), whereas aortic elastin content was similar between groups (P > 0.05). Carotid artery endothelium-dependent dilation (EDD) was ∼10% lower in HS compared with LS (P < 0.05), endothelium-independent dilation was similar between groups (P > 0.05). Finally, there was a strong relationship between systolic BP and PWV (r2 = 0.40, P < 0.05), as well as inverse relationship between EDD and systolic BP (r2 = 0.21, P < 0.05) or PWV (r2 = 0.20, P < 0.05). In summary, HS diet consumption in UM-HET3 mice increases systolic BP, which is accompanied by aortic stiffening and impaired EDD. These data suggest that outbred, genetically diverse mice may provide unique translational insight into arterial adaptations of humans that consume an HS diet.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Excess salt consumption is a contributor to hypertension and arterial dysfunction in humans living in industrialized societies, but this phenotype is not observed in inbred, genetically identical mice that consume a high-salt (HS) diet. This study reveals that a HS diet in outbred, genetically diverse mice progressively increases systolic blood pressure and induce arterial dysfunction. These data suggest that genetically diverse mice may provide translational insight into arterial adaptations in humans that consume an HS diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zheng
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
| | - Jennifer Berg Sen
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
| | - Zhuoxin Li
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
| | - Mostafa Sabouri
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
| | - Luaye Samarah
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
| | - Christina S Deacon
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
| | - Joseph Bernardo
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
| | - Daniel R Machin
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
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Wang X, Chen G, Huang Z, Zang Y, Cai Z, Ding X, Chen Z, Lan Y, Li W, Fang W, Wu W, Chen Z, Wu S, Chen Y. Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Arterial Stiffness in Individuals with Different Smoking Statuses. Int J Sports Med 2023; 44:48-55. [PMID: 36332620 PMCID: PMC9815950 DOI: 10.1055/a-1925-7588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the immediate effects of acute bout of aerobic exercise on arterial stiffness in individuals with different smoking statuses. A total of 940 male individuals (mean age of 36.82±7.76 years) in the Kailuan study cohort were selected to participate in the fifth National Physical Fitness Monitoring. All participants completed measurements of brachial - ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) before and after twice-quantitative cycle ergometer exercise. Four groups were defined: (1) non-smokers (n=231), (2) former smokers (n=165), (3) light smokers (1-10 cigarettes/day, n=254), (4) heavy smokers (>10 cigarettes/day, n=290). Generalized linear models were established to analyze between-group differences in the change in baPWV before and after acute aerobic exercise in individuals with different smoking statuses. Overall, after acute aerobic exercise, baPWV was immediately decreased significantly (-33.55 cm/s [95% CI, - 39.69 to -27.42]). Compared with non-smokers, former smokers, light smokers, and heavy smokers showed a greater decrease in baPWV (-12.17 cm/s [95%CI, - 30.08 to 5.75], - 18.43 cm/s [95%CI, -34.69 to - 2.16], and -22.46 cm/s [95%CI, - 38.39 to - 6.54]) respectively. There is a transient decrease in baPWV in individuals with different smoking statuses. Compared with non-smokers, baPWV decreased more significantly in light and heavy smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxuan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Guanzhi Chen
- Second Clinical College, China Medical University, Shenyang,
China
| | - Zegui Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou
University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yiran Zang
- Graduate School, North China University of Science and Technology,
Tangshan, China
| | - Zefeng Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou
University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xiong Ding
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and
Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Zekai Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Centre Groningen,
Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Yulong Lan
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou
University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Weijian Li
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou
University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Wei Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou
University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Weiqiang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou
University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Zhichao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou
University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Shouling Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan,
China
| | - Youren Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Correspondence Mr. Youren Chen Department of CardiologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical
CollegeNo.69, Dongxia North Road515000
ShantouChina
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Torres Crigna A, Link B, Samec M, Giordano FA, Kubatka P, Golubnitschaja O. Endothelin-1 axes in the framework of predictive, preventive and personalised (3P) medicine. EPMA J 2021; 12:265-305. [PMID: 34367381 PMCID: PMC8334338 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-021-00248-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is involved in the regulation of a myriad of processes highly relevant for physical and mental well-being; female and male health; in the modulation of senses, pain, stress reactions and drug sensitivity as well as healing processes, amongst others. Shifted ET-1 homeostasis may influence and predict the development and progression of suboptimal health conditions, metabolic impairments with cascading complications, ageing and related pathologies, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative pathologies, aggressive malignancies, modulating, therefore, individual outcomes of both non-communicable and infectious diseases such as COVID-19. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the involvement of ET-1 and related regulatory pathways in physiological and pathophysiological processes and estimates its capacity as a predictor of ageing and related pathologies,a sensor of lifestyle quality and progression of suboptimal health conditions to diseases for their targeted preventionand as a potent target for cost-effective treatments tailored to the person.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Torres Crigna
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Barbara Link
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marek Samec
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Frank A. Giordano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive and Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Peçanha T, Bannell DJ, Sieczkowska SM, Goodson N, Roschel H, Sprung VS, Low DA. Effects of physical activity on vascular function in autoimmune rheumatic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:3107-3120. [PMID: 33521818 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To summarize existing evidence and quantify the effects of physical activity on vascular function and structure in autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs). METHODS Databases were searched (through March 2020) for clinical trials evaluating the effects of physical activity interventions on markers of micro- and macrovascular function and macrovascular structure in ARDs. Studies were combined using random effects meta-analysis, which was conducted using Hedges' g. Meta-analyses were performed on each of the following outcomes: microvascular function [i.e. skin blood flow or vascular conductance responses to acetylcholine (ACh) or sodium nitropusside (SNP) administration]; macrovascular function [i.e. brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD%) or brachial responses to glyceryl trinitrate (GTN%); and macrovascular structure [i.e. aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV)]. RESULTS Ten studies (11 trials) with a total of 355 participants were included in this review. Physical activity promoted significant improvements in microvascular [skin blood flow responses to ACh, g = 0.92 (95% CI 0.42, 1.42)] and macrovascular function [FMD%, g = 0.94 (95% CI 0.56, 1.02); GTN%, g = 0.53 (95% CI 0.09, 0.98)]. Conversely, there was no evidence for beneficial effects of physical activity on macrovascular structure [PWV, g = -0.41 (95% CI -1.13, 0.32)]. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the available clinical trials demonstrated a beneficial effect of physical activity on markers of micro- and macrovascular function but not on macrovascular structure in patients with ARDs. The broad beneficial impact of physical activity across the vasculature identified in this review support its role as an effective non-pharmacological management strategy for patients with ARDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Peçanha
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport; Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rheumatology, Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel J Bannell
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University
| | - Sofia Mendes Sieczkowska
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport; Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rheumatology, Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nicola Goodson
- Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Hamilton Roschel
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport; Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rheumatology, Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victoria S Sprung
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University
| | - David A Low
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University
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Gómez-Hernández A, de las Heras N, López-Pastor AR, García-Gómez G, Infante-Menéndez J, González-López P, González-Illanes T, Lahera V, Benito M, Escribano Ó. Severe Hepatic Insulin Resistance Induces Vascular Dysfunction: Improvement by Liver-Specific Insulin Receptor Isoform A Gene Therapy in a Murine Diabetic Model. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082035. [PMID: 34440804 PMCID: PMC8392327 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular dysfunction is linked to insulin-resistant states. In this paper, we analyzed whether the severe hepatic insulin resistance of an inducible liver-specific insulin receptor knockout (iLIRKO) might generate vascular insulin resistance and dysfunction, and whether insulin receptor (IR) isoforms gene therapy might revert it. METHODS We studied in vivo insulin signaling in aorta artery and heart from iLIRKO. Vascular reactivity and the mRNA levels of genes involved in vascular dysfunction were analyzed in thoracic aorta rings by qRT-PCR. Finally, iLIRKO mice were treated with hepatic-specific gene therapy to analyze vascular dysfunction improvement. RESULTS Our results suggest that severe hepatic insulin resistance was expanded to cardiovascular tissues. This vascular insulin resistance observed in aorta artery from iLIRKO mice correlated with a reduction in both PI3K/AKT/eNOS and p42/44 MAPK pathways, and it might be implicated in their vascular alterations characterized by endothelial dysfunction, hypercontractility and eNOS/iNOS levels' imbalance. Finally, regarding long-term hepatic expression of IR isoforms, IRA was more efficient than IRB in the improvement of vascular dysfunction observed in iLIRKO mice. CONCLUSION Severe hepatic insulin resistance is sufficient to produce cardiovascular insulin resistance and dysfunction. Long-term hepatic expression of IRA restored the vascular damage observed in iLIRKO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Gómez-Hernández
- Laboratory of Hepatic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.R.L.-P.); (J.I.-M.); (P.G.-L.); (T.G.-I.)
- Correspondence: (A.G.-H.); (Ó.E.)
| | - Natalia de las Heras
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (N.d.l.H.); (V.L.)
| | - Andrea R. López-Pastor
- Laboratory of Hepatic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.R.L.-P.); (J.I.-M.); (P.G.-L.); (T.G.-I.)
| | - Gema García-Gómez
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Obesity, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (G.G.-G.); (M.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance (MOIR2), General Direction of Universities and Investigation (CCMM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Infante-Menéndez
- Laboratory of Hepatic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.R.L.-P.); (J.I.-M.); (P.G.-L.); (T.G.-I.)
| | - Paula González-López
- Laboratory of Hepatic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.R.L.-P.); (J.I.-M.); (P.G.-L.); (T.G.-I.)
| | - Tamara González-Illanes
- Laboratory of Hepatic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.R.L.-P.); (J.I.-M.); (P.G.-L.); (T.G.-I.)
| | - Vicente Lahera
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (N.d.l.H.); (V.L.)
| | - Manuel Benito
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Obesity, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (G.G.-G.); (M.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance (MOIR2), General Direction of Universities and Investigation (CCMM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Escribano
- Laboratory of Hepatic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.R.L.-P.); (J.I.-M.); (P.G.-L.); (T.G.-I.)
- Correspondence: (A.G.-H.); (Ó.E.)
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10
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Hörber S, Lehmann R, Fritsche L, Machann J, Birkenfeld AL, Häring HU, Stefan N, Heni M, Fritsche A, Peter A. Lifestyle Intervention Improves Prothrombotic Coagulation Profile in Individuals at High Risk for Type 2 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e3198-e3207. [PMID: 33659996 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Patients with obesity and insulin resistance are at higher risk for arterial and venous thrombosis due to a prothrombotic state. OBJECTIVE The present study addressed whether this is reversible by lifestyle intervention and elucidated potential underlying associations. METHODS A total of 100 individuals with impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting plasma glucose participated in a 1-year lifestyle intervention, including precise metabolic phenotyping and MRS-based determination of liver fat content as well as a comprehensive analysis of coagulation parameters before and after this intervention. RESULTS During the lifestyle intervention, significant reductions in coagulation factor activities (II, VII, VIII, IX, XI, and XII) were observed. Accordingly, prothrombin time (PT%) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) were slightly decreased and prolonged, respectively. Moreover, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), von Willebrand factor (vWF), and also protein C and protein S decreased. Fibrinogen, antithrombin, D-dimer, and FXIII remained unchanged. Searching for potential regulators, especially weight loss, but also liver fat reduction, improved insulin sensitivity, and decreased low-grade inflammation were linked to favorable changes in hemostasis parameters. Independent of weight loss, liver fat reduction (FII, protein C, protein S, PAI-1, vWF), improved insulin sensitivity (protein S, PAI-1), and reduced low-grade inflammation (PT%, aPTT, FVIII/IX/XI/XII, vWF) were identified as single potential regulators. CONCLUSION Lifestyle intervention is able to improve a prothrombotic state in individuals at high risk for type 2 diabetes. Besides body weight, liver fat content, insulin sensitivity, and systemic low-grade inflammation are potential mechanisms for improvements in hemostasis and could represent future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hörber
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Rainer Lehmann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Louise Fritsche
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Machann
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Section on Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Norbert Stefan
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Heni
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Fritsche
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Peter
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
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11
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Harnessing High-throughput Phenotyping and Genotyping for Enhanced Drought Tolerance in Crop Plants. J Biotechnol 2020; 324:248-260. [PMID: 33186658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Development of drought-tolerant cultivars is one of the challenging tasks for the plant breeders due to its complex inheritance and polygenic regulation. Evaluating genetic material for drought tolerance is a complex process due to its spatiotemporal interactions with environmental factors. The conventional breeding approaches are costly, lengthy, and inefficient to achieve the expected gain in drought tolerance. In this regard, genomics-assisted breeding (GAB) offers promise to develop cultivars with improved drought tolerance in a more efficient, quicker, and cost-effective manner. The success of GAB depends upon the precision in marker-trait association and estimation of genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs), which mostly depends on coverage and precision of genotyping and phenotyping. A wide gap between the discovery and practical use of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for crop improvement has been observed for many important agronomical traits. Such a limitation could be due to the low accuracy in QTL detection, mainly resulting from low marker density and manually collected phenotypes of complex agronomic traits. Increasing marker density using the high-throughput genotyping (HTG), and accurate and precise phenotyping using high-throughput digital phenotyping (HTP) platforms can improve the precision and power of QTL detection. Therefore, both HTG and HTP can enhance the practical utility of GAB along with a faster characterization of germplasm and breeding material. In the present review, we discussed how the recent innovations in HTG and HTP would assist in the breeding of improved drought-tolerant varieties. We have also discussed strategies, tools, and analytical advances made on the HTG and HTP along with their pros and cons.
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12
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M Abd El-Kader S, H Al-Jiffri O, A Neamatallah Z, M AlKhateeb A, S AlFawaz S. Weight reduction ameliorates inflammatory cytokines, adipocytokines and endothelial dysfunction biomarkers among Saudi patients with type 2 diabetes. Afr Health Sci 2020; 20:1329-1336. [PMID: 33402982 PMCID: PMC7751542 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v20i3.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) considered as one of the cardiovascular disorders (CVD) principle risk factor as diabetes is associated with abnormal levels of endothelial function, inflammatory and adipocytokines. Objective The aim of this study was to measure the impact of weight reducing on inflammatory cytokines, adipocytokines and endothelial function biomarkers among obese T2DM patients. Methods One-hundred T2DM patients enrolled in the present study; the age range was 35–55 year. Participants shared in this study were enrolled in group (A) received diet control and aerobic exercise on treadmill, while, group (B) had no intervention for 3 months. Results The mean values of body mass index (BMI), tumor necrosis factor -alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), leptin, inter-cellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1), E-selectin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity (PAI-1 activity) were significantly decreased and adiponectin was increased significantly in the training group, however the results of the control group were not significant. Also, there were significant differences between both groups at the end of the study. Conclusion Weight reducing program modulates inflammatory cytokines, adipocytokines and endothelial function biomarkers among obese T2DM patients.
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13
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Abedini M, Ghasemi-Tehrani H, Tarrahi MJ, Amani R. The effect of concentrated pomegranate juice consumption on risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized controlled trial. Phytother Res 2020; 35:442-451. [PMID: 32767710 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Pomegranate juice is a rich source of polyphenols that may improve blood pressure, lipid profile, and other risk factors of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). No study has examined the effects of pomegranate juice consumption on the clinical outcomes of PCOS. This study aimed to examine the effects of concentrated pomegranate juice (CPJ) consumption on risk factors of CVDs in women with PCOS. In this randomized clinical trial, 44 PCOS women with an age range of 18-40 years and body mass index (BMI) of ≥25 kg/m2 were recruited. They were randomly allocated to the CPJ (n = 22) and control (n = 22) groups, and followed for 8 weeks. Anthropometric measures, blood pressure, and biochemical parameters were measured at baseline and at the end of the trial. Compared with the control group, CPJ consumption significantly reduced systolic (-9.77 ± 1.46 vs. -1.18 ± 1.46 mmHg, p < .001) and diastolic (-3.87 ± 1.36 vs. 0.30 ± 1.36 mmHg, p = .05) blood pressure, serum triglyceride (TG) levels (-7.82 ± 6.32 vs. 16.63 ± 6.32 mg/dl, p = .01), TG/high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio (-0.39 ± 0.24 vs. 0.66 ± 0.24, p = .007), and increased serum concentrations of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) (6.03 ± 2.47 vs. -1.98 ± 2.47 mg/dl, p = .04) and HDL-C (1.93 ± 1.10 vs. -1.78 ± 1.10 mg/dl, p = .03). These findings were obtained after taking baseline measurements and potential confounders into account. No adverse event or complication was reported due to CPJ consumption throughout the study. We found that CPJ consumption has a beneficial effect on blood pressure, serum concentrations of TG and HDL-C, and TG/HDL-C ratio in women with PCOS. However, this juice could increase serum LDL-C levels in these patients. This trial was registered at www.irct.ir as IRCT20191109045383N1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Abedini
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hatav Ghasemi-Tehrani
- Department of Reproductive, Shahid Beheshti Fertility and Infertility Clinic, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad J Tarrahi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Amani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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14
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Takeda Y, Matoba K, Sekiguchi K, Nagai Y, Yokota T, Utsunomiya K, Nishimura R. Endothelial Dysfunction in Diabetes. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E182. [PMID: 32610588 PMCID: PMC7400447 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8070182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a worldwide health issue closely associated with cardiovascular events. Given the pandemic of obesity, the identification of the basic underpinnings of vascular disease is strongly needed. Emerging evidence has suggested that endothelial dysfunction is a critical step in the progression of atherosclerosis. However, how diabetes affects the endothelium is poorly understood. Experimental and clinical studies have illuminated the tight link between insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction. In addition, macrophage polarization from M2 towards M1 contributes to the process of endothelial damage. The possibility that novel classes of anti-hyperglycemic agents exert beneficial effects on the endothelial function and macrophage polarization has been raised. In this review, we discuss the current status of knowledge regarding the pathological significance of insulin signaling in endothelium. Finally, we summarize recent therapeutic strategies against endothelial dysfunction with an emphasis on macrophage polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Takeda
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan; (Y.T.); (K.S.); (Y.N.); (T.Y.); (R.N.)
| | - Keiichiro Matoba
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan; (Y.T.); (K.S.); (Y.N.); (T.Y.); (R.N.)
| | - Kensuke Sekiguchi
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan; (Y.T.); (K.S.); (Y.N.); (T.Y.); (R.N.)
| | - Yosuke Nagai
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan; (Y.T.); (K.S.); (Y.N.); (T.Y.); (R.N.)
| | - Tamotsu Yokota
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan; (Y.T.); (K.S.); (Y.N.); (T.Y.); (R.N.)
| | - Kazunori Utsunomiya
- Center for Preventive Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan;
| | - Rimei Nishimura
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan; (Y.T.); (K.S.); (Y.N.); (T.Y.); (R.N.)
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15
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Premilovac D, Attrill E, Rattigan S, Richards SM, Kim J, Keske MA. Acute, local infusion of angiotensin II impairs microvascular and metabolic insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 115:590-601. [PMID: 30192915 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Angiotensin II (AngII) is a potent vasoconstrictor implicated in both hypertension and insulin resistance. Insulin dilates the vasculature in skeletal muscle to increase microvascular blood flow and enhance glucose disposal. In the present study, we investigated whether acute AngII infusion interferes with insulin's microvascular and metabolic actions in skeletal muscle. METHODS AND RESULTS Adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats received a systemic infusion of either saline, AngII, insulin (hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp), or insulin (hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp) plus AngII. A final, separate group of rats received an acute local infusion of AngII into a single hindleg during systemic insulin (hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp) infusion. In all animals' systemic metabolic effects, central haemodynamics, femoral artery blood flow, microvascular blood flow, and skeletal muscle glucose uptake (isotopic glucose) were monitored. Systemic AngII infusion increased blood pressure, decreased heart rate, and markedly increased circulating glucose and insulin concentrations. Systemic infusion of AngII during hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp inhibited insulin-mediated suppression of hepatic glucose output and insulin-stimulated microvascular blood flow in skeletal muscle but did not alter insulin's effects on the femoral artery or muscle glucose uptake. Local AngII infusion did not alter blood pressure, heart rate, or circulating glucose and insulin. However, local AngII inhibited insulin-stimulated microvascular blood flow, and this was accompanied by reduced skeletal muscle glucose uptake. CONCLUSIONS Acute infusion of AngII significantly alters basal haemodynamic and metabolic homeostasis in rats. Both local and systemic AngII infusion attenuated insulin's microvascular actions in skeletal muscle, but only local AngII infusion led to reduced insulin-stimulated muscle glucose uptake. While increased local, tissue production of AngII may be a factor that couples microvascular insulin resistance and hypertension, additional studies are needed to determine the molecular mechanisms responsible for these vascular defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dino Premilovac
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Emily Attrill
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Stephen Rattigan
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Stephen M Richards
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Jeonga Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Michelle A Keske
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.,Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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16
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Influence of 8-Week Aerobic Training on the Skin Microcirculation in Patients with Ischaemic Heart Disease. J Aging Res 2020; 2020:4602067. [PMID: 32399295 PMCID: PMC7199599 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4602067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Materials and Methods In the study, 48 men took part with a stabilized and pharmacologically controlled ischaemic disease. The participants were randomly divided into two groups with 24 people in each of them. The research group participated in an aerobic march training. The march was taking place 3 times a week for 30-40 minutes over a period of 8 weeks. In the time of training, the subjects did not practise any other physical activity for 8 weeks. The measurement of skin microcirculation was done by using the laser Doppler flowmeter estimating the values of regular flow and the reactions provoked in response to occlusion and temperature. Signal frequency was also analysed which was received by means of laser Doppler flowmetry in the range from 0.01 to 2 Hz during the regular flow. Results During the first measurement in relation to the initial values, a decrease in body mass was noted by 2.21 kg on average as well as reduction of systolic and diastolic pressure by 10.4 mmHg and 3.68 mmHg, respectively. The regular flow (RF) increased after the training by 2.21%. The provoked reactions were as follows: hyperemic (PRHmax): an increase occurred by 8.76% and hyperthermic (THmax): an increase occurred by 5.38%. The time needed to achieve PRHmax was reduced by 42% and to achieve THmax, by 22%. The heart rhythm and the signal strength of neurogenic rhythm decreased by approximately 8% and 24%, respectively. The signal strength of endothelial rhythm increased by 19%. In the second measurement, a recourse was noted in the values of indicators under investigation, which were assuming values close to the initial ones. In the control group, the measurement values did not change significantly. Conclusions 8 weeks of systematic aerobic training provides a significant improvement of endothelium functioning, expressed by reactivity improvement in skin microcirculation in patients suffering from ischaemic heart disease. It points to aerobic training as a nonpharmacological effective cardioprotective factor. The improvement effects of skin vascular bed functioning in the group of patients with IHD are impermanent, and they disappear after the period in which patients did not exercise physical activity.
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17
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Milutinovic M, Velickovic Radovanovic R, Savikin K, Radenkovic S, Arvandi M, Pesic M, Kostic M, Miladinovic B, Brankovic S, Kitic D. Chokeberry juice supplementation in type 2 diabetic patients - impact on health status. J Appl Biomed 2019; 17:218-224. [PMID: 34907720 DOI: 10.32725/jab.2019.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent literature evidence indicates the potential use of chokeberry preparations in the prevention and treatment of some chronic noncommunicable diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the three months oral chokeberry juice supplementation in type 2 diabetic patients, as well as its influence on hematological parameters and certain parameters of the renal dysfunction. The study was designed as an open-label trial, which included 35 patients who have received the herbal supplement, polyphenol-rich chokeberry juice (150 ml/day, three times a day for 50 ml), in addition to their standard therapy. Chokeberry juice as a rich source of polyphenol compounds could be an effective preventive and therapeutic agent in diabetes mellitus type 2. Hematological and biochemical parameters were measured at baseline, after 3 months with the chokeberry juice supplementation and after the next 3 months without the chokeberry juice supplementation (follow-up period). Significant difference was noticed in the levels of LDL-cholesterol, glycated hemoglobin and serum creatinine (p < 0.05), as well as in the levels of some hematological parameters, such as white blood cell and lymphocyte count (p < 0.01), hematocrit, blood hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, hemoglobin and hemoglobin concentration and red blood cell count (p < 0.05). The daily consumption of the chokeberry juice could improve the health status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, in combination with their standard therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Milutinovic
- University of Nis, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Nis, Serbia
| | - Radmila Velickovic Radovanovic
- University of Nis, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Nis, Serbia.,Clinical Center Nis, Clinic of Nephrology, Nis, Serbia
| | - Katarina Savikin
- Institute for Medicinal Plants Research "Dr. Josif Pancic", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sasa Radenkovic
- University of Nis, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nis, Serbia.,Clinical Center Nis, Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Nis, Serbia
| | - Marjan Arvandi
- Institute of Public Health, Medical Decision Making, and Health Technology Assessment, UMIT, Hall in Tirol, Austria
| | - Milica Pesic
- University of Nis, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nis, Serbia.,Clinical Center Nis, Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Nis, Serbia
| | - Milica Kostic
- University of Nis, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Nis, Serbia
| | - Bojana Miladinovic
- University of Nis, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Nis, Serbia
| | - Suzana Brankovic
- University of Nis, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Nis, Serbia
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18
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Gryglewska B, Głuszewska A, Zarzycki B, Dzieża-Grudnik A, Fedyk-Łukasik M, Major P, Budzyński A, Gąsowski J, Grodzicki T. Post-occlusive reactive hyperemic response of skin microcirculation among extremely obese patients in the short and long term after bariatric surgery. Microcirculation 2019; 27:e12600. [PMID: 31782233 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess changes of post-occlusive reactive hyperemic response in skin microcirculation among extremely obese patients 10 days and 6 months after bariatric surgery for patients with and without hypertension. METHODS Skin blood flow was measured using PeriFlux laser Doppler fluxmetry. Data were analyzed in the entire group and two subgroups: with and without hypertension. RESULTS Data from 88 patients (mean age 42.1 ± 11.2 years, 40.5% men) were analyzed. Six months after bariatric surgery, the time to reach peak flows had been shortened (2.4 ± 1.7 vs 2.1 ± 1.0 seconds, P < .05) and the area of hyperemia had increased (1027 ± 791 vs 1386 ± 699 AU*s, P < .05). The total power of post-occlusive reactive hyperemic after occlusion had been augmented mainly with power intensification of endothelial and myogenic origin. Post-occlusive reactive hyperemic parameters had changed mainly in the subgroup with hypertension. Variations of anthropometric parameters, metabolic characteristic, and adipokines mainly influenced on studied hyperemic flow parameters variations after the intervention in multiple regression analysis. CONCLUSION Cutaneous post-occlusive reactive hyperemic reactivity in time and frequency domains improved 6 months after bariatric surgery, and improvements in microvascular function were observed mainly in patients with hypertension. Variations of anthropometric parameters, metabolic characteristics, and adipokines had influence on hyperemic flow reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Gryglewska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gerontology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Głuszewska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gerontology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Bartosz Zarzycki
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gerontology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Dzieża-Grudnik
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gerontology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Fedyk-Łukasik
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gerontology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Major
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gerontology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.,2nd Department of General Surgery, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Budzyński
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gerontology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.,2nd Department of General Surgery, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jerzy Gąsowski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gerontology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tomasz Grodzicki
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gerontology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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19
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Wu J, Davis-Ajami ML, Lu ZK. Real-world impact of ongoing regular exercise in overweight and obese US adults with diabetes on health care utilization and expenses. Prim Care Diabetes 2019; 13:430-440. [PMID: 30808561 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the effect of regular exercise on health care utilization patterns and expenses in a real-world national sample of overweight and obese US adults with diabetes. METHODS Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data (2010-2015) identified adults with diabetes and a body mass index (kg/m2) ≥25. Two groups were created: exercise (moderate or vigorous physical activity >30min at least five times weekly) and non-exercise groups. OUTCOMES MEASURED average total health care expenses (per-person per-annum) and the likelihood of hospitalization. RESULTS Among 5140 overweight and obese adults with diabetes, 49.1% reported exercising at least five times weekly. The exercise group showed lower medical care and prescription drug utilization than the non-exercise group (p<0.001). Total unadjusted health expenses in the exercise group were $5651 lower than the non-exercise group (p<0.001). After controlling for socioeconomic and health-related variables, regular exercise reduced total health care expenses by 22.1% (p<0.001) and the likelihood of hospitalization by 28% (p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS Reduced hospitalization and health care expenses were associated with regular exercise (≥30min at least five times weekly) in overweight and obese adults with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wu
- Presbyterian College School of Pharmacy, 307 North Broad Street, Clinton, SC 29325, United States.
| | - Mary Lynn Davis-Ajami
- Indiana University School of Nursing, 1033 East Third Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States.
| | - Zhiqiang K Lu
- University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, 715 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC 29208, United States.
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20
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Islam R, Lai C. A Brief Overview of lncRNAs in Endothelial Dysfunction-Associated Diseases: From Discovery to Characterization. EPIGENOMES 2019; 3:epigenomes3030020. [PMID: 34968230 PMCID: PMC8594677 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes3030020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a novel class of regulatory RNA molecules and they are involved in many biological processes and disease developments. Several unique features of lncRNAs have been identified, such as tissue-and/or cell-specific expression pattern, which suggest that they could be potential candidates for therapeutic and diagnostic applications. More recently, the scope of lncRNA studies has been extended to endothelial biology research. Many of lncRNAs were found to be critically involved in the regulation of endothelial function and its associated disease progression. An improved understanding of endothelial biology can thus facilitate the discovery of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for endothelial dysfunction-associated diseases, such as abnormal angiogenesis, hypertension, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism of lncRNA remains undefined in previous published studies. Therefore, in this review, we aimed to discuss the current methodologies for discovering and investigating the functions of lncRNAs and, in particular, to address the functions of selected lncRNAs in endothelial dysfunction-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashidul Islam
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Christopher Lai
- Health and Social Sciences Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore 138683, Singapore
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-6592-1045
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21
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Loader J, Khouri C, Taylor F, Stewart S, Lorenzen C, Cracowski JL, Walther G, Roustit M. The continuums of impairment in vascular reactivity across the spectrum of cardiometabolic health: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2019; 20:906-920. [PMID: 30887713 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess, for the first time, the change in vascular reactivity across the full spectrum of cardiometabolic health. Systematic searches were conducted in MEDLINE and EMBASE databases from their inception to March 13, 2017, including studies that assessed basal vascular reactivity in two or more of the following health groups (aged ≥18 years old): healthy, overweight, obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, metabolic syndrome, or type 2 diabetes with or without complications. Direct and indirect comparisons of vascular reactivity were combined using a network meta-analysis. Comparing data from 193 articles (7226 healthy subjects and 19344 patients), the network meta-analyses revealed a progressive impairment in vascular reactivity (flow-mediated dilation data) from the clinical onset of an overweight status (-0.41%, 95% CI, -0.98 to 0.15) through to the development of vascular complications in those with type 2 diabetes (-4.26%, 95% CI, -4.97 to -3.54). Meta-regressions revealed that for every 1 mmol/l increase in fasting blood glucose concentration, flow-mediated dilation decreased by 0.52%. Acknowledging that the time course of disease may vary between patients, this study demonstrates multiple continuums of vascular dysfunction where the severity of impairment in vascular reactivity progressively increases throughout the pathogenesis of obesity and/or insulin resistance, providing information that is important to enhancing the timing and effectiveness of strategies that aim to improve cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Loader
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia.,LAPEC EA4278, Avignon Université, Avignon, France
| | - Charles Khouri
- Inserm U1042, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Clinical Pharmacology, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Frances Taylor
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Simon Stewart
- Hatter Institute for Reducing Cardiovascular Disease in Africa, The University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Christian Lorenzen
- School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jean-Luc Cracowski
- Inserm U1042, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Clinical Pharmacology, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Guillaume Walther
- LAPEC EA4278, Avignon Université, Avignon, France.,School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthieu Roustit
- Inserm U1042, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Clinical Pharmacology, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
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22
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Senefeld JW, Limberg JK, Lukaszewicz KM, Hunter SK. Exercise-induced hyperemia is associated with knee extensor fatigability in adults with type 2 diabetes. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 126:658-667. [PMID: 30605399 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00854.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare fatigability, contractile function, and blood flow to the knee extensor muscles after dynamic exercise in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and controls. The hypotheses were that patients with T2DM would demonstrate greater fatigability than controls, and greater fatigability would be associated with a lower exercise-induced increase in blood flow and greater impairments in contractile function. Patients with T2DM ( n = 15; 8 men; 62.4 ± 9.0 yr; 30.4 ± 7.7 kg/m2; 7,144 ± 3,294 steps/day) and 15 healthy control subjects (8 men, 58.4 ± 6.9 yr; 28.4 ± 4.6 kg/m2; 7,893 ± 2,323 steps/day) were matched for age, sex, body mass index, and physical activity. Fatigability was quantified as the reduction in knee extensor power during a 6-min dynamic exercise. Before and after exercise, vascular ultrasonography and electrical stimulation were used to assess skeletal muscle blood flow and contractile properties, respectively. Patients with T2DM had greater fatigability (30.0 ± 20.1% vs. 14.6 ± 19.0%, P < 0.001) and lower exercise-induced hyperemia (177 ± 90% vs. 194 ± 79%, P = 0.04) than controls but similar reductions in the electrically evoked twitch amplitude (37.6 ± 24.8% vs. 31.6 ± 30.1%, P = 0.98). Greater fatigability of the knee extensor muscles was associated with postexercise reductions in twitch amplitude ( r = 0.64, P = 0.001) and lesser exercise-induced hyperemia ( r = -0.56, P = 0.009). Patients with T2DM had greater lower-limb fatigability during dynamic exercise, which was associated with reduced contractile function and lower skeletal muscle blood flow. Thus, treatments focused on enhancing perfusion and reversing impairments in contractile function in patients with T2DM may offset lower-limb fatigability and aid in increasing exercise capacity. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Although prior studies compare patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with lean controls, our study includes controls matched for age, body mass, and physical activity to more closely assess the effects of T2DM. Patients with T2DM demonstrated no impairment in macrovascular endothelial function, evidenced by similar flow-mediated dilation to controls. However, patients with T2DM had greater fatigability and reduced exercise-induced increase in blood flow (hyperemia) after a lower-limb dynamic fatiguing exercise compared with controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon W Senefeld
- Clinical and Translational Rehabilitation Health Sciences Program, Marquette University , Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Jacqueline K Limberg
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri
| | - Kathleen M Lukaszewicz
- Clinical and Translational Rehabilitation Health Sciences Program, Marquette University , Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Sandra K Hunter
- Clinical and Translational Rehabilitation Health Sciences Program, Marquette University , Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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23
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Goldberg RB, Bray GA, Marcovina SM, Mather KJ, Orchard TJ, Perreault L, Temprosa M. Non-traditional biomarkers and incident diabetes in the Diabetes Prevention Program: comparative effects of lifestyle and metformin interventions. Diabetologia 2019; 62:58-69. [PMID: 30334082 PMCID: PMC6456055 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4748-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS We compared the associations of circulating biomarkers of inflammation, endothelial and adipocyte dysfunction and coagulation with incident diabetes in the placebo, lifestyle and metformin intervention arms of the Diabetes Prevention Program, a randomised clinical trial, to determine whether reported associations in general populations are reproduced in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance, and whether these associations are independent of traditional diabetes risk factors. We further investigated whether biomarker-incident diabetes associations are influenced by interventions that alter pathophysiology, biomarker concentrations and rates of incident diabetes. METHODS The Diabetes Prevention Program randomised 3234 individuals with impaired glucose tolerance into placebo, metformin (850 mg twice daily) and intensive lifestyle groups and showed that metformin and lifestyle reduced incident diabetes by 31% and 58%, respectively compared with placebo over an average follow-up period of 3.2 years. For this study, we measured adiponectin, leptin, tissue plasminogen activator (as a surrogate for plasminogen activator inhibitor 1), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, IL-6, monocyte chemotactic protein 1, fibrinogen, E-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 at baseline and at 1 year by specific immunoassays. Traditional diabetes risk factors were defined as family history, HDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerol, BMI, fasting and 2 h glucose, HbA1c, systolic blood pressure, inverse of fasting insulin and insulinogenic index. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the effects of each biomarker on the development of diabetes assessed semi-annually and the effects of covariates on these. RESULTS E-selectin, (HR 1.19 [95% CI 1.06, 1.34]), adiponectin (0.84 [0.71, 0.99]) and tissue plasminogen activator (1.13 [1.03, 1.24]) were associated with incident diabetes in the placebo group, independent of diabetes risk factors. Only the association between adiponectin and diabetes was maintained in the lifestyle (0.69 [0.52, 0.92]) and metformin groups (0.79 [0.66, 0.94]). E-selectin was not related to diabetes development in either lifestyle or metformin groups. A novel association appeared for change in IL-6 in the metformin group (1.09 [1.021, 1.173]) and for baseline leptin in the lifestyle groups (1.31 [1.06, 1.63]). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These findings clarify associations between an extensive group of biomarkers and incident diabetes in a multi-ethnic cohort with impaired glucose tolerance, the effects of diabetes risk factors on these, and demonstrate differential modification of associations by interventions. They strengthen evidence linking adiponectin to diabetes development, and argue against a central role for endothelial dysfunction. The findings have implications for the pathophysiology of diabetes development and its prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald B Goldberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - George A Bray
- Clinical Obesity, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University Medical Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Santica M Marcovina
- Northwest Lipid Metabolism and Diabetes Research Laboratories, University of Washington, Northwest Lipid Research Labs, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kieren J Mather
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Trevor J Orchard
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Leigh Perreault
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Marinella Temprosa
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Biostatistics Center and Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Rockville, MD, USA
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24
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Abd El-Kader SM, Al-Jiffri OH. Impact of weight reduction on insulin resistance, adhesive molecules and adipokines dysregulation among obese type 2 diabetic patients. Afr Health Sci 2018; 18:873-883. [PMID: 30766550 PMCID: PMC6354881 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v18i4.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is usually related to vascular problems and is associated with impairment in endothelial function characterized by impaired endothelial-dependent vasodilation and increased platelet adhesion. There is limitation in clinical studies that have addressed the beneficial effects of weight reduction in modulating biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and adipokines dysregulation for obesity associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to detect the effects of weight loss on insulin resistance, adhesive molecules and adipokines dysregulation in obese type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS Eighty obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, their age ranged from 35-55 years and their body mass index ranged from 31-37 kg/m2 were equally assigned into 2 groups: the weight reduction group received aerobic exercises in addition to diet regimen, where the control group received medical treatment only for 12 weeks. RESULTS There was a 24.04%, 19.33%, 22.78% ,12.28%, 9.35%, 22.53% & 10.12 % reduction in mean values of Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance Index (HOMA-IR), Leptin, Adiponectin, Resistin, intercellular cell adhesion molecule -1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and E-selectin & body mass index (BMI) respectively in addition to 26.20% & 24.58% increase in the mean values of adiponectin & the quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI) respectively in group (A) at the end of the study. The mean values of leptin, resistin, insulin, HOMA-IR, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin & BMI were significantly decreased in addition to significant increase in the mean values of adiponectin & QUICKI in group (A) those that received aerobic exercise training in addition to diet regimen. While the results of group (B) those that received no treatment intervention were not significant. In addition, there were significant differences between mean levels of the investigated parameters in group (A) and group (B) after treatment (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Within the limit of this study, 10% reduction in body mass index modulates insulin resistance, adhesive molecules and adipokines dysregulation among obese type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehab M Abd El-Kader
- Departmentof Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama H Al-Jiffri
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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25
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Lopes GO, Farinatti P, Lopes KG, Medeiros-Lima DJ, Matsuura C, Oliveira RB, Bouskela E, Bottino DA, Muccillo F, Tibirica E, Borges JP. Increased vascular function and superoxide dismutase activity in physically active vs inactive adults living with HIV. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018; 29:25-33. [PMID: 30267551 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This study compared macro- and microvascular endothelial function and redox status in active vs inactive HIV-infected patients (HIVP) under antiretroviral therapy. Using a cross-sectional design, macro- and microvascular reactivity, systemic microvascular density, and oxidative stress were compared between 19 HIVP (53.1 ± 6.1 year) enrolled in a multimodal training program (aerobic, strength and flexibility exercises) for at least 12 months (60-minutes sessions performed 3 times/wk with moderate intensity) vs 25 sedentary HIVP (51.2 ± 6.3 year). Forearm blood flow during reactive hyperemia (521.7 ± 241.9 vs 361.4% ± 125.0%; P = 0.04) and systemic microvascular density (120.8 ± 21.1 vs 105.6 ± 25.0 capillaries/mm2 ; P = 0.03) was greater in active than inactive patients. No significant difference between groups was detected for endothelium-dependent and independent skin microvascular vasodilation (P > 0.05). As for redox status, carbonyl groups (P = 0.22), lipid peroxidation (P = 0.86), catalase activity (P = 0.99), and nitric oxide levels (P = 0.72) were similar across groups. However, superoxide dismutase activity was greater in active vs inactive HIVP (0.118 ± 0.013 vs 0.111 ± 0.007 U/mL; P = 0.05). Immune function reflected by total T CD4 and T CD8 counts (cell/mm3 ) did not differ between active and inactive groups (P > 0.82). In conclusion, physically active HIVP exhibited similar immune function, but greater macrovascular reactivity, systemic microvascular density, and superoxide dismutase activity than inactive patients of similar age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella O Lopes
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo Farinatti
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Physical Activity Sciences, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niteroi, Brazil
| | - Karynne G Lopes
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Clinical and Experimental Research Laboratory on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel J Medeiros-Lima
- Department of Pharmacology and Psychobiology, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Matsuura
- Department of Pharmacology and Psychobiology, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo B Oliveira
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliete Bouskela
- Clinical and Experimental Research Laboratory on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel A Bottino
- Clinical and Experimental Research Laboratory on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Muccillo
- National Institute of Cardiology, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Tibirica
- National Institute of Cardiology, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana P Borges
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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26
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Vinet A, Obert P, Courteix D, Chapier R, Lesourd B, Verney J, Dutheil F, Walther G. Different modalities of exercise improve macrovascular function but not microvascular function in metabolic syndrome: The RESOLVE randomized trial. Int J Cardiol 2018; 267:165-170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are closely linked metabolic diseases. Most individuals with T2D are overweight or obese, which raises their cardiovascular risk. The etiology of both diseases is multifaceted, thus requiring a multidisciplinary approach to control them. This review describes the most effective multidisciplinary approach to weight management in patients with T2D in real-world clinical practice. RECENT FINDINGS Weight management programs in real-world clinical settings lead to long-term weight loss for up to 5 years. Multidisciplinary approach to manage obesity and T2D through weight reduction is feasible in real-world clinical practice and is recommended as part of the treatment plan for patients with T2D who are overweight or obese. Recent data demonstrates that multidisciplinary approach to weight management in patients with T2D results in long-term weight loss and is associated with improved cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Hamdy
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Sahar Ashrafzadeh
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Adham Mottalib
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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28
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Wang S, Liao J, Huang J, Yin H, Yang W, Hu M. miR-214 and miR-126 were associated with restoration of endothelial function in obesity after exercise and dietary intervention. J Appl Biomed 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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29
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Hernández Vera R, Padró T, Vilahur G, Badimon L. Antithrombotic therapy in obesity. Thromb Haemost 2017; 110:681-8. [DOI: 10.1160/th12-12-0928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
summaryClinical management of obese subjects to reduce their risk of suffering cardiovascular events is complex. Obese patients typically require preventive strategies, life-style modifications, and multi-drug therapy to address obesity-induced co-morbidities. Data regarding the effects of excess weight on the pharmacokinetics of most drugs is scarce as these individuals are often excluded from clinical trials. However, the physiological alterations observed in obese patients and their lower response to some antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants have suggested that dosage regimes need to be adjusted for these subjects. In this review we will briefly discuss platelet alterations that can contributeto increased thrombotic risk, analyse existing data regarding the effects of obesity on drug pharmacokinetics focusing on antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants, and we will describe the beneficial effects of weight loss on thrombosis.
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30
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Gkaliagkousi E, Gavriilaki E, Douma S. Exercise-induced benefits in metabolic syndrome. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2017; 20:19-21. [PMID: 29067776 DOI: 10.1111/jch.13124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Gkaliagkousi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Gavriilaki
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stella Douma
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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31
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Effect of Exercise Intervention on Flow-Mediated Dilation in Overweight and Obese Adults: Meta-Analysis. Int J Vasc Med 2017; 2017:7532702. [PMID: 29098086 PMCID: PMC5643022 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7532702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this meta-analysis is to summarize the effect of exercise intervention on flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) in overweight and obese adults. We searched four electronic databases (PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and CINAHL) through June 2016 for relevant studies pertaining to the effectiveness of exercise intervention on FMD. Seventeen of the 91 studies identified met the inclusion criteria. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (version 3) was used to compute the standardized mean difference effect size (ES) and 95% CI using a random effects model. We calculated 34 ESs. We found that exercise intervention had medium and positive effects on FMD, with an overall ES of 0.522 (95% CI = 0.257, 0.786). Heterogeneity of ESs was observed (Qb = 239, p ≤ 0.001, I2 = 86.19), and the effect was moderated by comorbidity (Qb = 6.39, df = 1, p = 0.011). A large ES for the combination exercise, low intensity exercise, and comorbidity subgroups (ES = 0.82~1.24) was found. We conclude that while exercise intervention significantly improves FMD in overweight and obese adults, the effect may depend on the different characteristics of exercise intervention and on participants' demographics.
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Comparison of exenatide and acarbose on intra-abdominal fat content in patients with obesity and type-2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Obes Res Clin Pract 2017; 11:607-615. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kawasoe S, Maruguchi Y, Kajiya S, Uenomachi H, Miyata M, Kawasoe M, Kubozono T, Ohishi M. Mechanism of the blood pressure-lowering effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in obese patients with type 2 diabetes. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 18:23. [PMID: 28391776 PMCID: PMC5385592 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-017-0125-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are reported to have BP-lowering effect in addition to blood glucose-lowering effect, however, its mechanism is still unknown. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of blood pressure (BP) lowering effects of SGLT2 inhibitors using 24-h urinary collection in obese type 2 diabetes patients. Methods Twenty patients with type 2 diabetes (age 48.2 ± 10.7 years, BMI 33.0 ± 4.9 kg/m2) were enrolled. Urine volume, 24-h urinary glucose and sodium excretion, and BP at baseline and 2 weeks and 6 months after administration were measured. Body weight, glycosylated hemoglobin, and BP were evaluated before and 1, 3, and 6 months after SGLT2 inhibitor administration. We evaluated the changes in urine volume and urinary excretion of glucose and sodium as well as correlations among urine volume and urinary sodium glucose excretion at 2 weeks and 6 months after administration of the SGLT2 inhibitors. Furthermore, we investigated the correlations between changes in BP and urinary excretion of sodium and glucose at the same time. Results Two weeks after administration, systolic BP (SBP) significantly decreased (128.5 ± 11.0 to 123.2 ± 9.8 mmHg, P = 0.0314), but diastolic BP (DBP) did not (74.4 ± 10.4 to 73.4 ± 8.5 mmHg, P = 0.5821). The decreased SBP significantly correlated with increased urinary glucose excretion (R = −0.62, P = 0.0073), but not increased urinary sodium excretion. At 6 months, SBP (118.6 ± 11.0 mmHg, P = 0.0041) and DBP (68.4 mmHg, P = 0.0363) significantly decreased. The decreased SBP significantly correlated with increased urinary sodium excretion (R = −0.60, P = 0.0014), but not increased urinary glucose excretion. Conclusions SGLT2 inhibitors significantly decreased SBP after 1 month and DBP after 6 months in obese patients with type 2 diabetes. The main mechanism of the BP-lowering effect may be plasma volume reduction by osmotic diuresis at 2 weeks and by natriuresis at 6 months after SGLT2 inhibitor administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Kawasoe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Masaaki Miyata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.
| | - Mariko Kawasoe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Takuro Kubozono
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Ohishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
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Lenasi H, Klonizakis M. Assessing the evidence: Exploring the effects of exercise on diabetic microcirculation. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2017; 64:663-678. [PMID: 27767975 DOI: 10.3233/ch-168022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with cardiovascular complications. Impairment of glycemic control induces noxious glycations, an increase in oxydative stress and dearangement of various metabolic pathways. DM leads to dysfunction of micro- and macrovessels, connected to metabolic, endothelial and autonomic nervous system. Thus, assessing vascular reactivity might be one of the clinical tools to evaluate the impact of harmful effects of DM and potential benefit of treatment; skin and skeletal muscle microcirculation have usually been tested. Physical exercise improves vascular dysfunction through various mechanisms, and is regarded as an additional effective treatment strategy of DM as it positively impacts glycemic control, improves insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake in the target tissues, thus affecting glucose and lipid metabolism, and increases the endothelium dependent vasodilation. Yet, not all patients respond in the same way so titrating the exercise type individualy would be desirable. Resistance training has, apart from aerobic one, been shown to positively correlate to glycemic control, and improve vascular reactivity. It has been prescribed in various forms or in combination with aerobic training. This review would assess the impact of different modes of exercise, the mechanisms involved, and its potential positive and negative effects on treating patients with Type I and Type II DM, focusing on the recent literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Lenasi
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Markos Klonizakis
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Science, Sheffield Hallam University, UK
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Hamdy O, Mottalib A, Morsi A, El-Sayed N, Goebel-Fabbri A, Arathuzik G, Shahar J, Kirpitch A, Zrebiec J. Long-term effect of intensive lifestyle intervention on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with diabetes in real-world clinical practice: a 5-year longitudinal study. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2017; 5:e000259. [PMID: 28090332 PMCID: PMC5223646 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2016-000259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluated long-term impact of sustained weight loss versus weight regain on cardiovascular risk factors in real-world clinical practice. METHODS We evaluated 129 obese patients with diabetes enrolled in Weight Achievement and Intensive Treatment (Why WAIT) program, a 12-week clinical model of intensive lifestyle intervention. After 1 year, we divided participants into group A, who maintained <7% weight loss (47.3%) and group B (52.7%), who maintained ≥7% weight loss. We continued to follow them for a total of 5 years. RESULTS The total cohort lost 23.8 lbs (-9.7%) at 12 weeks and maintained -16.2 lbs (-6.4%) at 5 years (p<0.001). Group A maintained -8.4 lbs (-3.5%) and group B maintained -23.1 lbs (-9.0%) at 5 years. In group A, A1C decreased from 7.5±1.3% to 6.7±0.9% at 12 weeks but increased to 7.7±1.4% at 1 year and 8.0±1.9% at 5 years. In group B, A1C decreased from 7.4±1.2% to 6.4±0.9% at 12 weeks and rose to 6.8±1.2% at 1 year and 7.3±1.5% at 5 years. Despite weight regain, group A maintained improvement in low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol with worsening of serum triglycerides and no change in blood pressure (BP). Group B maintained improvement in lipid profile for 5 years and had significantly lower BP for 18 months. CONCLUSIONS Weight reduction in patients with diabetes can be maintained for 5 years and is predicted by patients' ability to maintain ≥7% weight loss at 1 year. A1C and triglycerides deteriorate with weight regain, while other lipid improvements are maintained. Sustained weight loss is associated with significantly lower A1C for 5 years and lowers BP for 18 months. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01937845.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Hamdy
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts , USA
| | - Adham Mottalib
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts , USA
| | - Amr Morsi
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts , USA
| | - Nuha El-Sayed
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts , USA
| | - Ann Goebel-Fabbri
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts , USA
| | - Gillian Arathuzik
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts , USA
| | - Jacqueline Shahar
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts , USA
| | - Amanda Kirpitch
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts , USA
| | - John Zrebiec
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts , USA
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Berk K, Oudshoorn T, Verhoeven A, Mulder M, Roks A, Dik W, Timman R, Sijbrands E. Diet-induced weight loss and markers of endothelial dysfunction and inflammation in treated patients with type 2 diabetes. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2016; 15:101-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Vendrame S, Del Bo' C, Ciappellano S, Riso P, Klimis-Zacas D. Berry Fruit Consumption and Metabolic Syndrome. Antioxidants (Basel) 2016; 5:antiox5040034. [PMID: 27706020 PMCID: PMC5187532 DOI: 10.3390/antiox5040034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic Syndrome is a cluster of risk factors which often includes central obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, as well as a pro-inflammatory, pro-oxidant, and pro-thrombotic environment. This leads to a dramatically increased risk of developing type II diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, which is the leading cause of death both in the United States and worldwide. Increasing evidence suggests that berry fruit consumption has a significant potential in the prevention and treatment of most risk factors associated with Metabolic Syndrome and its cardiovascular complications in the human population. This is likely due to the presence of polyphenols with known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, such as anthocyanins and/or phenolic acids. The present review summarizes the findings of recent dietary interventions with berry fruits on human subjects with or at risk of Metabolic Syndrome. It also discusses the potential role of berries as part of a dietary strategy which could greatly reduce the need for pharmacotherapy, associated with potentially deleterious side effects and constituting a considerable financial burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Vendrame
- School of Food and Agriculture, Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA.
| | - Cristian Del Bo'
- DeFENS-Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Ciappellano
- DeFENS-Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Riso
- DeFENS-Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Dorothy Klimis-Zacas
- School of Food and Agriculture, Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA.
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Long-term effect of sitagliptin on endothelial function in type 2 diabetes: a sub-analysis of the PROLOGUE study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2016; 15:134. [PMID: 27624168 PMCID: PMC5022262 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-016-0438-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As a sub-analysis of the PROLOGUE study, we evaluated the long-term effect of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, on endothelial function in the conduit brachial artery in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods In the PROLOGUE study, patients were randomly assigned to either add-on sitagliptin treatment (sitagliptin group) or continued conventional antihyperglycemic treatment (conventional group). Among the 463 participants in the PROLOGUE study, FMD was measured in 17 patients in the sitagliptin group and 18 patients in the conventional group at the beginning and after 12 and 24 months of treatment. Results HbA1c levels were significantly decreased after 12 and 24 months of treatment compared to baseline values in both groups (7.0 ± 0.4 vs. 6.6 ± 0.3 and 6.6 ± 0.4 % in the sitagliptin group; 7.0 ± 0.6 vs. 6.6 ± 0.7 and 6.6 ± 0.7 % in the conventional group; P < 0.05, respectively). There was no significant difference between FMD values at baseline and after 12 and 24 months in the sitagliptin group (4.3 ± 2.6 vs. 4.4 ± 2.1 and 4.4 ± 2.3 %, P = 1.0, respectively). Although FMD had a tendency to increase from 4.3 ± 2.4 % at baseline to 5.2 ± 1.9 % after 12 months and 5.1 ± 2.2 % after 24 months in the conventional group, there was no significant difference between FMD values at baseline and after 12 and 24 months (P = 0.36 and 0.33, respectively). Conclusions Add-on sitagliptin to conventional antihyperglycemic drugs in patients with type 2 diabetes did not alter endothelial function in the conduit brachial artery measured by FMD during a 2-year study period. Sitagliptin may be used without concern for an adverse effect on endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes. Trial registration: University hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) Center: ID UMIN000004490 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12933-016-0438-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Abd El-Kader SM, Saiem Al-Dahr MH. Weight loss improves biomarkers endothelial function and systemic inflammation in obese postmenopausal Saudi women. Afr Health Sci 2016; 16:533-41. [PMID: 27605969 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v16i2.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although postmenopausal associated disorders are important public health problems worldwide, to date limited studies evaluated the endothelial function and systemic inflammation response to weight loss in obese postmenopausal women. OBJECTIVE This study was done to evaluate the endothelial function and systemic inflammation response to weight loss in obese postmenopausal Saudi women. MATERIAL AND METHODS Eighty postmenopausal obese Saudi women (mean age 52.64±6.13 year) participated in two groups: Group (A) received aerobic exercise on treadmill and diet whereas, group (B) received no intervention. Markers of inflammation and endothelial function were measured before and after 3 months at the end of the study. RESULTS The values of body mass index(BMI), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), inter-cellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity (PAI-1:Ac) were significantly decreased in group (A), while changes were not significant in group (B). Also, there were significant differences between mean levels of the investigated parameters in group (A) and group (B) after treatment. CONCLUSION Weight loss ameliorates inflammatory cytokines and markers of endothelial function in obese postmenopausal Saudi women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammed H Saiem Al-Dahr
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University
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Association of endothelial proliferation with the magnitude of weight loss during calorie restriction. Angiogenesis 2016; 19:407-19. [PMID: 27245991 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-016-9516-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Substantial weight loss through intense dietary regimens is thought to ameliorate endothelial dysfunction in obesity. It is less clear whether similar improvements can be achieved with modest dietary interventions. This study aimed to identify the parameters of endothelial cell status in obesity that are affected by mild calorie restriction. METHODS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (EA.hy926 line) in culture were exposed pairwise to serum from 57 individuals with simple obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m(2)) collected before and after 8-week dietary intervention with energy deficit of 300-500 kcal/day. RESULTS Analysis of endothelial transcriptome suggested that the intervention could impact on endothelial cell growth. Cell proliferation was measured with the MTT test and verified by [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation. The participants were categorized according to a change in proliferation over time. Significant decrease in endothelial cell proliferation correlated with the extent of weight loss in men, but not in women. This effect corresponded with changes in serum levels of leptin and adiponectin, but was not related to serum concentrations of several known angiogenic mediators (VEGF, MCP-1, TSP-1, MMP-9, angiopoietin-2). CONCLUSION Direction and magnitude of changes in serum-induced endothelial cell proliferation identifies patients with the greatest weight loss in response to modest calorie restriction.
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Smith C, Asrar Ul Haq M, Jerums G, Hanson E, Hayes A, Allen JD, Sbaraglia M, Selig S, Wong C, Hare DL, Levinger I. Assessing the Value of BMI and Aerobic Capacity as Surrogate Markers for the Severity of Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Who Are Obese. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-CARDIOLOGY 2016; 10:61-5. [PMID: 27199576 PMCID: PMC4869605 DOI: 10.4137/cmc.s38116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) is one of the earliest signs for abnormal cardiac function in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). It is important to explore the risk factors that will assist in identifying the severity of the LVDD in this population. We examined the influences of fitness and fatness on the level of left ventricular (LV) impairment in patients with T2DM. Twenty-five patients (age: 64.0 ± 2.5 years, body mass index [BMI] = 36.0 ± 1.5 kg/m(2), mean ± standard error of measurement) with T2DM and preserved systolic function, but impaired diastolic function, mitral valve (MV) E/e', participated in the study. LV function was assessed using a stress echocardiograph, aerobic power was assessed with a sign- and symptom-limited graded exercise test, and the fatness level was assessed using Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and BMI. Patients in the higher 50% of BMI had higher lateral and septal MV E/e' (∼34% and ∼25%, respectively, both P < 0.001), compared to those in the lower 50% of BMI, with no difference in LV ejection fraction (LVEF) (P > 0.05). In addition, a higher BMI correlated with a higher lateral (r = 0.62, P < 0.001) and septal (r = 0.56, P < 0.01) E/e'. There was no such relationship for VO2peak. BMI and VO2peak were not correlated with LV systolic function (ejection fraction). In individuals with T2DM and diastolic dysfunction, a higher BMI was associated with worsening diastolic function independent of their aerobic capacity. The data provide a simple and practical approach for clinicians to assist in the early identification and diagnostics of functional changes in the heart diastolic function in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Smith
- Clinical Exercise Science Research Program, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Muhammad Asrar Ul Haq
- University of Melbourne and the Department of Cardiology, Austin Health, Melbourne Australia
| | - George Jerums
- University of Melbourne and the Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Erik Hanson
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alan Hayes
- Clinical Exercise Science Research Program, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.; Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jason D Allen
- Clinical Exercise Science Research Program, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Melissa Sbaraglia
- Clinical Exercise Science Research Program, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Steve Selig
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chiew Wong
- University of Melbourne and Western Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David L Hare
- University of Melbourne and the Department of Cardiology, Austin Health, Melbourne Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Clinical Exercise Science Research Program, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.; University of Melbourne and the Department of Cardiology, Austin Health, Melbourne Australia
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Al-Tahami BAM, Ismail AAAS, Bee YTG, Awang SA, Salha Wan Abdul Rani WR, Sanip Z, Rasool AHG. The effects of anti-obesity intervention with orlistat and sibutramine on microvascular endothelial function. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2016; 59:323-34. [PMID: 24002121 DOI: 10.3233/ch-131765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is associated with impaired microvascular endothelial function. We aimed to determine the effects of orlistat and sibutramine treatment on microvascular endothelial function, anthropometric and lipid profile, blood pressure (BP), and heart rate (HR). METHODS 76 subjects were recruited and randomized to receive orlistat 120 mg three times daily or sibutramine 10 mg daily for 9 months. Baseline weight, BMI, BP, HR and lipid profile were taken. Microvascular endothelial function was assessed using laser Doppler fluximetry and iontophoresis process. Maximum change (max), percent change (% change) and peak flux (peak) in perfusion to acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) iontophoresis were used to quantify endothelium dependent and independent vasodilatations. RESULTS 24 subjects in both groups completed the trial. After treatment, weight and BMI were decreased for both groups. AChmax, ACh % change and ACh peak were increased in orlistat-treated group but no difference was observed for sibutramine-treated group. BP and total cholesterol (TC) were reduced for orlistat-treated group. HR was reduced for orlistat-treated group but was increased in sibutramine-treated group. CONCLUSION 9 months treatment with orlistat significantly improved microvascular endothelial function. This was associated with reductions in weight, BMI, BP, HR, TC and low density lipoprotein cholesterol. No effect was seen in microvascular endothelial function with sibutramine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ab Aziz Al-Safi Ismail
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Yvonne Tee Get Bee
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Siti Azima Awang
- Universiti Sains Malaysia Hospital, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | | | - Zulkefli Sanip
- Central Research Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Aida Hanum Ghulam Rasool
- Pharmacology Vascular Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
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Brown JC, Troxel AB, Ky B, Damjanov N, Zemel BS, Rickels MR, Rhim AD, Rustgi AK, Courneya KS, Schmitz KH. A randomized phase II dose-response exercise trial among colon cancer survivors: Purpose, study design, methods, and recruitment results. Contemp Clin Trials 2016; 47:366-75. [PMID: 26970181 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies indicate that higher volumes of physical activity are associated with improved disease outcomes among colon cancer survivors. The aim of this report is to describe the purpose, study design, methods, and recruitment results of the courage trial, a National Cancer Institute (NCI) sponsored, phase II, randomized, dose-response exercise trial among colon cancer survivors. METHODS/RESULTS The primary objective of the courage trial is to quantify the feasibility, safety, and physiologic effects of low-dose (150 min·week(-1)) and high-dose (300 min·week(-1)) moderate-intensity aerobic exercise compared to usual-care control group over six months. The exercise groups are provided with in-home treadmills and heart rate monitors. Between January and July 2015, 1433 letters were mailed using a population-based state cancer registry; 126 colon cancer survivors inquired about participation, and 39 were randomized onto the study protocol. Age was associated with inquiry about study participation (P<0.001) and randomization onto the study protocol (P<0.001). No other demographic, clinical, or geographic characteristics were associated with study inquiry or randomization. The final trial participant was randomized in August 2015. Six month endpoint data collection was completed in February 2016. DISCUSSION The recruitment of colon cancer survivors into an exercise trial is feasible. The findings from this trial will inform key design aspects for future phase 2 and phase 3 randomized controlled trials to examine the efficacy of exercise to improve clinical outcomes among colon cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bonnie Ky
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Babette S Zemel
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Sampson UKA, Engelgau MM, Peprah EK, Mensah GA. Endothelial dysfunction: a unifying hypothesis for the burden of cardiovascular diseases in sub-Saharan Africa. Cardiovasc J Afr 2016; 26:S56-60. [PMID: 25962949 PMCID: PMC4557489 DOI: 10.5830/cvja-2015-043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that the leading causes of death and disability worldwide are cardiovascular diseases (CVD), chief among which is ischaemic heart disease. However, it is also recognised that ischaemic heart disease frequently coexists with other vascular conditions, such as cerebrovascular, renovascular and peripheral vascular disease, thus raising the notion of a common underlying pathobiology, albeit with differing manifestations, dictated by the implicated vascular bed. The understanding that common metabolic and behavioural risk factors as well as social determinants and drivers are convergent in the development of CVD evokes the idea that the dysfunction of a common bio-molecular platform is central to the occurrence of these diseases. The state of endothelial activation, otherwise known as endothelial dysfunction, occurs when reactive oxygen signalling predominates due to an uncoupled state of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). This can be a physiological response to stimulation of the innate immune system or a pathophysiological response triggered by cardiovascular disease risk factors. The conventional wisdom is that the endothelium plays an important role in the initiation, progression and development of CVD and other non-communicable diseases. Consequently, the endothelium has remarkable relevance in clinical and public health practice as well as in health education, health promotion, and disease- and risk-factor prevention strategies. It also presents a plausible unifying hypothesis for the burden of CVD seen globally and in sub-Saharan Africa. Importantly, the heterogeneity in individual responses to metabolic, behavioural, and social drivers of CVD may stem from a complex interplay of these drivers with genomic, epigenetic and environmental factors that underpin eNOS uncoupling. Therefore, further biomedical research into the underlying genetic and other mechanisms of eNOS uncoupling may enlighten and shape strategies for addressing the burden of CVD in sub-Saharan Africa and other regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uchechukwu K A Sampson
- Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Michael M Engelgau
- Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Emmanuel K Peprah
- Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - George A Mensah
- Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Olver TD, Laughlin MH. Endurance, interval sprint, and resistance exercise training: impact on microvascular dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 310:H337-50. [PMID: 26408541 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00440.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) alters capillary hemodynamics, causes capillary rarefaction in skeletal muscle, and alters endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype, resulting in impaired vasodilatory responses. These changes contribute to altered blood flow responses to physiological stimuli, such as exercise and insulin secretion. T2D-induced microvascular dysfunction impairs glucose and insulin delivery to skeletal muscle (and other tissues such as skin and nervous), thereby reducing glucose uptake and perpetuating hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. In patients with T2D, exercise training (EX) improves microvascular vasodilator and insulin signaling and attenuates capillary rarefaction in skeletal muscle. EX-induced changes subsequently augment glucose and insulin delivery as well as glucose uptake. If these adaptions occur in a sufficient amount of tissue, and skeletal muscle in particular, chronic exposure to hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia and the risk of microvascular complications in all vascular beds will decrease. We postulate that EX programs that engage as much skeletal muscle mass as possible and recruit as many muscle fibers within each muscle as possible will generate the greatest improvements in microvascular function, providing that the duration of the stimulus is sufficient. Primary improvements in microvascular function occur in tissues (skeletal muscle primarily) engaged during exercise, and secondary improvements in microvascular function throughout the body may result from improved blood glucose control. We propose that the added benefit of combined resistance and aerobic EX programs and of vigorous intensity EX programs is not simply "more is better." Rather, we believe the additional benefit is the result of EX-induced adaptations in and around more muscle fibers, resulting in more muscle mass and the associated microvasculature being changed. Thus, to acquire primary and secondary improvements in microvascular function and improved blood glucose control, EX programs should involve upper and lower body exercise and modulate intensity to augment skeletal muscle fiber recruitment. Under conditions of limited mobility, it may be necessary to train skeletal muscle groups separately to maximize whole body skeletal muscle fiber recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Dylan Olver
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri;
| | - M Harold Laughlin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
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Kwaśniewska M, Kozińska J, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk E, Kostka T, Jegier A, Rębowska E, Orczykowska M, Leszczyńska J, Drygas W. The impact of long-term changes in metabolic status on cardiovascular biomarkers and microvascular endothelial function in middle-aged men: a 25-year prospective study. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2015; 7:81. [PMID: 26388952 PMCID: PMC4573488 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-015-0074-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this analysis was to examine long-term effects of changes in metabolic status on microvascular endothelial function and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) biomarkers among physically active middle-aged men. METHODS Metabolically healthy men (n = 101, mean age 59.7 years), free of symptoms and treatment, have been prospectively observed for their lifestyle and CVD risk factors (observation period 24.7 years). At the latest follow-up (2011/2012) a set of CVD biomarkers was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Microvascular endothelial function was evaluated by means of the reactive hyperemia index (RHI) using Endo-PAT2000 system. At follow-up the participants were divided into metabolically healthy (0-1 metabolic parameters) and metabolically unhealthy (≥2 metabolic parameters) groups. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the NCEP ATP III definition. RESULTS Traditional metabolic risk factors were significantly associated with hsCRP, ox-LDL, Il-6, leptin and adiponectin/leptin ratio. Reactive hyperemia index was negatively related to body mass (p < 0.01), waist circumference (p < 0.05), triglycerides (p < 0.01), TG/HDL ratio (p < 0.01), uric acid (p < 0.05), sICAM-1 (p < 0.05) and Il-6 (p < 0.05), and positively to HDL-C (p < 0.01) and leisure-time physical activity (p < 0.01). Men who maintained metabolically healthy status (n = 47) through the observation had significantly lower hsCRP and uric acid (p < 0.05), higher adiponectin/leptin ratio (p < 0.05), higher mean RHI and lower prevalence of endothelial dysfunction (p < 0.05) as compared to the metabolically unhealthy group (n = 54). Regular physical activity level was significantly higher among metabolically healthy individuals during the whole observation. CONCLUSIONS Even subtle changes in metabolic profile influence inflammatory biomarkers and microvascular endothelial function. Leptin, adiponectin/leptin ratio and hsCRP are significant predictors of metabolic profile. Interleukine-6 and sICAM-1 may be used as indicators of early endothelial dysfunction in asymptomatic men. High leisure-time physical activity level is an important contributor of metabolically healthy profile through middle adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kwaśniewska
- />Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Kozińska
- />Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Kostka
- />Department of Geriatrics, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Jegier
- />Department of Sports Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Rębowska
- />Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Milena Orczykowska
- />Central Clinical Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Leszczyńska
- />Department of Sports Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Wojciech Drygas
- />Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
- />Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Institute of Cardiology, Niemodlinska 33, 04-635 Warsaw, Poland
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A hypothesis for a possible synergy between ghrelin and exercise in patients with cachexia: Biochemical and physiological bases. Med Hypotheses 2015; 85:927-33. [PMID: 26404870 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the biochemical and physiological observations underpinning the synergism between ghrelin and ghrelin agonists with exercise, especially progressive resistance training that has been shown to increase muscle mass. The synergy of ghrelin agonists and physical exercise could be beneficial in conditions where muscle wasting is present, such as that found in patients with advanced cancer. The principal mechanism that controls muscle anabolism following the activation of the ghrelin receptor in the central nervous system involves the release of growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH/IGF-1). GH/IGF-1 axis has a dual pathway of action on muscle growth: (a) a direct action on muscle, bone and fat tissue and (b) an indirect action via the production of both muscle-restricted mIGF-1 and anti-cachectic cytokines. Progressive resistance training is a potent inducer of the secretion the muscle-restricted IGF-1 (mIGF-1) that enhances protein synthesis, increases lean body mass and eventually leads to the improvement of muscle strength. Thus, the combination of ghrelin administration with progressive resistance training may serve to circumvent ghrelin resistance and further reduce muscle wasting, which are commonly associated with cachexia.
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Endothelial function in hypertensive obese patients: 1 year after surgically induced weight loss. Obes Surg 2015; 24:1581-4. [PMID: 24908247 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-014-1328-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe the effect of surgically induced weight loss on vascular function measured by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) in hypertensive obese patients. This prospective study included 33 patients (78 % females, mean age 53 (9) years) undergoing bariatric surgery (BS). Before and 12 months postoperatively, the BMI, 24-h ambulatory BP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), leptin, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA IR), and abdominal fat were measured. Endothelial function was assessed by FMD. After BS, the excess body weight loss was 71 %; the 24-h [systolic 18(11)//diastolic 7(7) mmHg] BP values, hs-CRP, leptin, HOMA, and abdominal fat significantly decreased, with no changes in endothelial function. Weight loss achieved by BS was associated with a significant improvement in BP and metabolic and inflammation parameters, but FMD did not improve.
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Eriksson L, Nyström T. Antidiabetic agents and endothelial dysfunction - beyond glucose control. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2015; 117:15-25. [PMID: 25827165 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is rapidly increasing worldwide, and the number of patients suffering from diabetes is projected to rise by 50% over the next 25 years, then affecting almost 600 million adults. Type 2 diabetes comprises 90-95% of all people with diabetes, and they constitute a patient group that carries a high burden of cardiovascular disease. The relationship between hyperglycaemia and macrovascular complications is still uncertain, at least in terms of the possibility of reducing cardiovascular events solely by improving glycaemic control. This MiniReview has thus focused on the effect of common antidiabetic agents, with emphasis on glucagon-like peptide-1, on the endothelial cells of the vasculature. Patients with type 2 diabetes suffer a two to four times higher risk of myocardial infarction and stroke than healthy persons. In addition to this, patients with diabetes have an increased atherosclerotic burden. Endothelial dysfunction is thought to be an early and important predictor of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, and in people with type 2 diabetes, endothelial dysfunction is a common finding. It is therefore of importance to consider whether drugs used within the clinical management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) exert direct and positive effects on the vasculature independent of their glucose-lowering ability. This might serve to limit the adverse consequences of the macrovascular complications of T2DM, as dysfunction of endothelial cells is believed to contribute to a premature development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnéa Eriksson
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Thomas Nyström
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm South Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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50
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Joint scientific statement of the European Association for the Study of Obesity and the European Society of Hypertension. J Hypertens 2015; 33:425-34. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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