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Li T, Qian K, Han J, Liu Y, Jia L, Wang X, Li T, Zhang B, Li J, Li H, Dou L, Li L. Higher Expression of Human Endogenous Retrovirus-K was Observed in Peripheral B Lymphocytes of Leukemia and Lymphoma Patients. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2024; 40:268-279. [PMID: 38009220 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2023.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematological malignant tumors (HMTs) are serious diseases that threaten human health and life with high mortality. Therefore, it is necessary to develop novel strategies for diagnosis and treatment. Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) have recently attracted increasing attention as potential targets for cancer diagnosis and therapy. In this study, we explored the association between HERV-K expression levels and HMTs development. Clinical data and peripheral blood samples were collected from 236 leukemia, 384 lymphoma patients, and 69 healthy controls. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of HERV-K gag, pol, and env genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells or different cell subpopulations. Differently expressed HERV-K genes were further tested by using deep sequencing method, and further analyzed with gene ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment. B cell- and T cell-related cytokines in patients were also detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that the expression levels of the HERV-K gag, pol, and env genes in patients were significantly higher than in healthy controls. There was a correlation between the expression level of HERV-K and the clinicopathological parameters of leukemia patients. HERV-K expression was increased in the B lymphocytes of leukemia and lymphoma patients, but not in the T cells or neutrophils. The GO and KEGG analyses showed that abnormal expression of the HERV-K locus in patients affected immune regulation. The analysis of cytokines proved that the B cell-related cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interferon-gamma, were significantly decreased in patients, while the T cell-related cytokines, including IL-3, IL-12, and TNF-β, were not significantly changed. In conclusion, HERV-K genes might participate in the occurrence and development of leukemia and lymphoma, and might be biomarkers for the detection or evaluation of leukemia and lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianfu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Department of AIDS Research, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Qian
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingwan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Department of AIDS Research, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Department of AIDS Research, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Department of AIDS Research, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Department of AIDS Research, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Department of AIDS Research, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Bohan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Department of AIDS Research, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Department of AIDS Research, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Hanping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Department of AIDS Research, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Dou
- Department of Hematology, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Department of AIDS Research, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
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Zheremyan EA, Ustiugova AS, Karamushka NM, Uvarova AN, Stasevich EM, Bogolyubova AV, Kuprash DV, Korneev KV. Breg-Mediated Immunoregulation in the Skin. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:583. [PMID: 38203754 PMCID: PMC10778726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex process involving a coordinated series of events aimed at restoring tissue integrity and function. Regulatory B cells (Bregs) are a subset of B lymphocytes that play an essential role in fine-tuning immune responses and maintaining immune homeostasis. Recent studies have suggested that Bregs are important players in cutaneous immunity. This review summarizes the current understanding of the role of Bregs in skin immunity in health and pathology, such as diabetes, psoriasis, systemic sclerosis, cutaneous lupus erythematosus, cutaneous hypersensitivity, pemphigus, and dermatomyositis. We discuss the mechanisms by which Bregs maintain tissue homeostasis in the wound microenvironment through the promotion of angiogenesis, suppression of effector cells, and induction of regulatory immune cells. We also mention the potential clinical applications of Bregs in promoting wound healing, such as the use of adoptive Breg transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina A. Zheremyan
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alina S. Ustiugova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nina M. Karamushka
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aksinya N. Uvarova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina M. Stasevich
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Dmitry V. Kuprash
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill V. Korneev
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- National Research Center for Hematology, 125167 Moscow, Russia
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Dang M, Yu J, Galant-Swafford J, Karam SD. The dichotomy of regulatory B cells in cancer versus allergic disease. Mol Carcinog 2024; 63:11-21. [PMID: 37712547 PMCID: PMC10994235 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory B cells (Bregs) are an immunosuppressive cell phenotype that affects the immune system by limiting the inflammatory cascade. Dysregulation of Bregs can interestingly play a dichotomous role in the pathophysiology of many diseases and is especially highlighted when examining cancer pathology compared to allergic disease. This study reviews the existing literature on Bregs and compares their role in allergic disease in contrast to cancer development. Upregulation of Bregs in cancer states has been associated with poor prognostic outcomes across various cancer types, and Breg proliferation was associated with chronic interferon signaling, activation of the BCR-BTK (B cell receptor-Bruton's tyrosine kinase) pathway, and release of C-X-C motif ligand 13. In contrast, Breg dysfunction has been identified as a key mechanism in many allergic diseases, such as allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and contact dermatitis. Development of Breg-targeted immunotherapies is currently at the preclinical level, but strategies differentially focus on Breg depletion in cancer versus Breg stimulation in allergy. Our review highlights the divergent functions that Bregs play in cancer compared to allergy. We conclude that natural homeostasis hinges on a fine balance between the dichotomous role of Bregs-over or underactivation can result in a pathological state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Dang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sky Ridge Medical Center, Lone Tree, Colorado, USA
| | - Justin Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Sana D. Karam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Chen X, Guo H, Jin D, Lu Y, Zhang L. Distribution characteristics of circulating B cell subpopulations in patients with chronic kidney disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20797. [PMID: 38012211 PMCID: PMC10682455 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47742-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study compared the levels of circulating B cell subpopulations in patients with different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD), investigated the effects of haemodialysis (HD) on the B cell-related immune spectrum in patients with end-stage renal disease, and evaluated the link between renal function and immune homeostasis. Overall, 197 patients with CKD (158 non-dialysis patients with CKD stages I-V and 39 end-stage patients undergoing maintenance HD) and 77 healthy controls were included. Compared to healthy controls, patients with CKD stages I-II showed no significant differences except for the proportion of transitional B cells; patients with CKD stage V showed a significant decrease in the proportions of transitional B cells and CD5+ B cells and a significant increase in double-negative (DN) B cells. Compared with early-stage patients with CKD, the absolute count of various B cell subpopulations in advanced-stage patients with CKD showed a significant decrease. The distribution of circulating B cell subpopulations in patients with CKD was significantly altered and was associated with CKD progression. Furthermore, the proportion of DN B cells and CD5+ B cells was inconsistent pre- and post-HD. This in-depth study of the immune status of patients with CKD may have important clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuya Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 60 West Wuning Road, Dongyang, 322100, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haoyang Guo
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 60 West Wuning Road, Dongyang, 322100, Zhejiang, China
| | - Danxia Jin
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 60 West Wuning Road, Dongyang, 322100, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 60 West Wuning Road, Dongyang, 322100, Zhejiang, China
| | - Longyi Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 60 West Wuning Road, Dongyang, 322100, Zhejiang, China.
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Neziraj T, Siewert L, Pössnecker E, Pröbstel AK. Therapeutic targeting of gut-originating regulatory B cells in neuroinflammatory diseases. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250033. [PMID: 37624875 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory B cells (Bregs) are immunosuppressive cells that support immunological tolerance by the production of IL-10, IL-35, and TGF-β. Bregs arise from different developmental stages in response to inflammatory stimuli. In that regard, mounting evidence points towards a direct influence of gut microbiota on mucosal B cell development, activation, and regulation in health and disease. While an increasing number of diseases are associated with alterations in gut microbiome (dysbiosis), little is known about the role of microbiota on Breg development and induction in neuroinflammatory disorders. Notably, gut-originating, IL-10- and IgA-producing regulatory plasma cells have recently been demonstrated to egress from the gut to suppress inflammation in the CNS raising fundamental questions about the triggers and functions of mucosal-originating Bregs in systemic inflammation. Advancing our understanding of Bregs in neuroinflammatory diseases could lead to novel therapeutic approaches. Here, we summarize the main aspects of Breg differentiation and functions and evidence about their involvement in neuroinflammatory diseases. Further, we highlight current data of gut-originating Bregs and their microbial interactions and discuss future microbiota-regulatory B cell-targeted therapies in immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tradite Neziraj
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lena Siewert
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Pössnecker
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Katrin Pröbstel
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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6
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Alaqla A, Hu Y, Huang S, Ruiz S, Kawai T, Han X. TLR9 Signaling Is Required for the Porphyromonas gingivalis-Induced Activation of IL-10-Expressing B Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6693. [PMID: 37047666 PMCID: PMC10094902 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune cell pattern-recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play important roles in the regulation of host responses to periodontal pathogens. Our previous studies have demonstrated that immune regulatory B cells were activated by TLRs and alleviated periodontitis inflammation and bone loss. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of TLR9 signaling in the activation and IL-10 production of the primed-immune B cells in vitro. Wild-type (WT) and TLR9 knockout (TLR9KO) mice (C57BL/6 background, n = 5) were pre-immunized intraperitoneally with 1 × 108 formalin-fixed P. gingivalis and boosted once with 1 × 107 formalin-fixed P. gingivalis. Isolated splenocytes and purified B cells from each mouse were cultured with 1 × 108 formalin-fixed P. gingivalis for 48 h. Immunocytochemistry was performed to detect CD45+ IL-10+ cells. Levels of IL-10 expression and secretion in splenocytes and B cells were detected using qRT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. After stimulation with fixed P. gingivalis, the percentage of CD45+ IL-10+ B cells and the level of IL-10 expression were significantly increased (p < 0.01) in splenocytes and purified B cells isolated from WT mice. However, these changes were not observed in splenocytes and purified B cells from TLR9KO mice when the cells were treated with fixed P. gingivalis. The percentage of CD45+ IL-10+ B cells was significantly reduced in splenocytes and purified B cells from TLR9KO mice compared to those from WT mice when challenged with P. gingivalis. IL-10 expression in B cells from TLR9KO mice was significantly decreased compared to those from WT mice at both the mRNA and protein levels. Additionally, P. gingivalis-induced up-regulation of TNF-α mRNA expressions were consistently observed in B cells from both WT and TLR9KO mice. P. gingivalis-induced B10 activation and IL-10 production during adaptive responses by primed B cells requires TLR9 signaling and can be achieved independent of T-cell help.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alaqla
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shengyuan Huang
- Department of Oral Science and Translation Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3301 College Ave., Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA
| | - Sunniva Ruiz
- Department of Oral Science and Translation Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3301 College Ave., Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA
| | - Toshihisa Kawai
- Department of Oral Science and Translation Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3301 College Ave., Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA
| | - Xiaozhe Han
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Oral Science and Translation Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3301 College Ave., Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA
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Matsumura Y, Watanabe R, Fujimoto M. Suppressive mechanisms of regulatory B cells in mice and humans. Int Immunol 2022; 35:55-65. [PMID: 36153768 PMCID: PMC9918854 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxac048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells include immune-suppressive fractions, called regulatory B cells (Bregs), which regulate inflammation primarily through an interleukin 10 (IL-10)-mediated inhibitory mechanism. Several B-cell fractions have been reported as IL-10-producing Bregs in murine disease models and human inflammatory responses including autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, cancer and organ-transplant rejection. Although the suppressive functions of Bregs have been explored through the hallmark molecule IL-10, inhibitory cytokines and membrane-binding molecules other than IL-10 have also been demonstrated to contribute to Breg activities. Transcription factors and surface antigens that are characteristically expressed in Bregs are also being elucidated. Nevertheless, defining Bregs is still challenging because their active periods and differentiation stages vary among disease models. The identity of the diverse Breg fractions is also under debate. In the first place, since regulatory functions of Bregs are mostly evaluated by ex vivo stimulation, the actual in vivo phenotypes and functions may not be reflected by the ex vivo observations. In this article, we provide a historical overview of studies that established the characteristics of Bregs and review the various suppressive mechanisms that have been reported to be used by Bregs in murine and human disease conditions. We are only part-way through but the common phenotypes and functions of Bregs are still emerging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Matsumura
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Rei Watanabe
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan,Department of Integrative Medicine for Allergic and Immunological Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine/Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Zhao Y, Zhao S, Qin XY, He TT, Hu MM, Gong Z, Wang HM, Gong FY, Gao XM, Wang J. Altered Phenotype and Enhanced Antibody-Producing Ability of Peripheral B Cells in Mice with Cd19-Driven Cre Expression. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040700. [PMID: 35203346 PMCID: PMC8870415 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the importance of B lymphocytes in inflammation and immune defense against pathogens, mice transgenic for Cre under the control of Cd19 promoter (Cd19Cre/+ mice) have been widely used to specifically investigate the role of loxP-flanked genes in B cell development/function. However, impacts of expression/insertion of the Cre transgene on the phenotype and function of B cells have not been carefully studied. Here, we show that the number of marginal zone B and B1a cells was selectively reduced in Cd19Cre/+ mice, while B cell development in the bone marrow and total numbers of peripheral B cells were comparable between Cd19Cre/+ and wild type C57BL/6 mice. Notably, humoral responses to both T cell-dependent and independent antigens were significantly increased in Cd19Cre/+ mice. We speculate that these differences are mainly attributable to reduced surface CD19 levels caused by integration of the Cre-expressing cassette that inactivates one Cd19 allele. Moreover, our literature survey showed that expression of Cd19Cre/+ alone may affect the development/progression of inflammatory and anti-infectious responses. Thus, our results have important implications for the design and interpretation of results on gene functions specifically targeted in B cells in the Cd19Cre/+ mouse strain, for instance, in the context of (auto) inflammatory/infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China;
| | - Sai Zhao
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (S.Z.); (X.-Y.Q.); (T.-T.H.); (M.-M.H.); (Z.G.); (H.-M.W.); (F.-Y.G.)
| | - Xiao-Yuan Qin
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (S.Z.); (X.-Y.Q.); (T.-T.H.); (M.-M.H.); (Z.G.); (H.-M.W.); (F.-Y.G.)
| | - Ting-Ting He
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (S.Z.); (X.-Y.Q.); (T.-T.H.); (M.-M.H.); (Z.G.); (H.-M.W.); (F.-Y.G.)
| | - Miao-Miao Hu
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (S.Z.); (X.-Y.Q.); (T.-T.H.); (M.-M.H.); (Z.G.); (H.-M.W.); (F.-Y.G.)
| | - Zheng Gong
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (S.Z.); (X.-Y.Q.); (T.-T.H.); (M.-M.H.); (Z.G.); (H.-M.W.); (F.-Y.G.)
| | - Hong-Min Wang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (S.Z.); (X.-Y.Q.); (T.-T.H.); (M.-M.H.); (Z.G.); (H.-M.W.); (F.-Y.G.)
| | - Fang-Yuan Gong
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (S.Z.); (X.-Y.Q.); (T.-T.H.); (M.-M.H.); (Z.G.); (H.-M.W.); (F.-Y.G.)
| | - Xiao-Ming Gao
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (S.Z.); (X.-Y.Q.); (T.-T.H.); (M.-M.H.); (Z.G.); (H.-M.W.); (F.-Y.G.)
- Correspondence: (X.-M.G.); (J.W.); Tel./Fax: +86-512-65882135 (J.W.)
| | - Jun Wang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (S.Z.); (X.-Y.Q.); (T.-T.H.); (M.-M.H.); (Z.G.); (H.-M.W.); (F.-Y.G.)
- Correspondence: (X.-M.G.); (J.W.); Tel./Fax: +86-512-65882135 (J.W.)
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9
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Zeng W, Liu G, Luan Q, Yang C, Li S, Yu X, Su L. B-Cell Deficiency Exacerbates Inflammation and Bone Loss in Ligature-Induced Experimental Periodontitis in Mice. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:5367-5380. [PMID: 34703274 PMCID: PMC8526950 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s330875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Periodontitis, one of the most prevalent chronic oral infectious diseases in humans, is induced by the breakdown in the balance between the biofilm and host immune system. Previous studies have shown the presence of large numbers of B cells in periodontitis lesions, implicating that B lymphocytes play a predominant role during the pathogenesis of periodontitis. This study aimed to investigate the role of all B cells in the initiation of periodontitis. Methods Experimental periodontitis was induced in B cell-deficient (CD19Cre) mice and wild-type (WT) control mice by 5-0 silk ligation around the maxillary second molar. Four weeks after ligation, alveolar bone loss was determined by micro-computed tomography. The levels of inflammatory cytokines and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin in periodontal lesions were analyzed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunohistochemistry. Lymphocyte populations in the cervical lymph nodes and spleen and among the peripheral blood mononuclear cells were detected by flow cytometry. Results B-cell deficiency resulted in increased severity of alveolar bone loss in mouse experimental periodontitis, which was associated with increased osteoclast activity and upregulated RANKL expression in the periodontal lesions. In addition, gingiva cytokine expression profiles were shifted to T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th17 in the CD19Cre mice with ligature-induced periodontitis compared with WT mice. In addition, a reduced CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio was observed in the CD19Cre mice. Conclusion B-cell deficiency exacerbates the inflammation and alveolar bone loss in ligature-induced experimental periodontitis in mice, implicating that B cells may overall play a protective role in the initiation of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenmin Zeng
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guojing Liu
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingxian Luan
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyu Yang
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyi Li
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqian Yu
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Su
- Center of Medical and Health Analysis, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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10
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Ben Nasr M, Usuelli V, Seelam AJ, D'Addio F, Abdi R, Markmann JF, Fiorina P. Regulatory B Cells in Autoimmune Diabetes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:1117-1125. [PMID: 33685919 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Since they were discovered almost three decades ago, a subset of B cells denoted as regulatory B cells (Bregs) have elicited interest throughout the immunology community. Many investigators have sought to characterize their phenotype and to understand their function and immunosuppressive mechanisms. Indeed, studies in murine models have demonstrated that Bregs possess varied phenotypic markers and could be classified into different subsets whose action and pivotal role depend on the pathological condition or stimuli. Similar conclusions were drawn in clinical settings delineating an analogous Breg population phenotypically resembling the murine Bregs that ultimately may be associated with a state of tolerance. Recent studies suggested that Bregs may play a role in the onset of autoimmune diabetes. This review will focus on deciphering the different subclasses of Bregs, their emerging role in autoimmune diabetes, and their potential use as a cell-based therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moufida Ben Nasr
- Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.,International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi," Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science "L. Sacco," University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy.,Transplantation Research Center, Nephrology Division, Children's Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Vera Usuelli
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi," Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science "L. Sacco," University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Andy Joe Seelam
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi," Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science "L. Sacco," University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca D'Addio
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi," Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science "L. Sacco," University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Reza Abdi
- Transplantation Research Center, Nephrology Division, Children's Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - James F Markmann
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114; and
| | - Paolo Fiorina
- Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; .,International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi," Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science "L. Sacco," University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy.,Division of Endocrinology, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20157 Milan, Italy
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11
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HMGB1-mediated chromatin remodeling attenuates Il24 gene expression for the protection from allergic contact dermatitis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2022343118. [PMID: 33443188 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2022343118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of inflammatory cytokines in keratinocytes promote the pathogenesis of the skin inflammation, such as allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) has been implicated in the promotion of skin inflammation upon its extracellular release as a damage-associated molecular pattern molecule. However, whether and how HMGB1 in keratinocytes contributes to ACD and other skin disorders remain elusive. In this study, we generated conditional knockout mice in which the Hmgb1 gene is specifically deleted in keratinocytes, and examined its role in ACD models. Interestingly, the mutant mice showed exacerbated skin inflammation, accompanied by increased ear thickening in 2,4-dinitrofluorobenezene-induced ACDs. The mRNA expression of interleukin-24 (IL-24), a cytokine known to critically contribute to ACD pathogenesis, was elevated in skin lesions of the mutant mice. As with constitutively expressed, IL-4-induced Il24 mRNA, expression was also augmented in the Hmgb1-deficient keratinocytes, which would account for the exacerbation of ACD in the mutant mice. Mechanistically, we observed an increased binding of trimethyl histone H3 (lys4) (H3K4me3), a hallmark of transcriptionally active genes, to the promoter region of the Il24 gene in the hmgb1-deficient cells. Thus, the nuclear HMGB1 is a critical "gate keeper" in that the dermal homeostasis is contingent to its function in chromatin remodeling. Our study revealed a facet of nuclear HMGB1, namely its antiinflammatory function in keratinocytes for the skin homeostasis.
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12
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Oliveria JP, Agayby R, Gauvreau GM. Regulatory and IgE + B Cells in Allergic Asthma. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2270:375-418. [PMID: 33479910 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1237-8_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is triggered by inhalation of environmental allergens resulting in bronchial constriction and inflammation, which leads to clinical symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, and difficulty breathing. Asthmatic airway inflammation is initiated by inflammatory mediators released by granulocytic cells. However, the immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody is necessary for the initiation of the allergic cascade, and IgE is produced and released exclusively by memory B cells and plasma cells. Acute allergen exposure has also been shown to increase IgE levels in the airways of patients diagnosed with allergic asthma; however, more studies are needed to understand local airway inflammation. Additionally, regulatory B cells (Bregs) have been shown to modulate IgE-mediated inflammatory processes in allergic asthma pathogenesis, particularly in mouse models of allergic airway disease. However, the levels and function of these IgE+ B cells and Bregs remain to be elucidated in human models of asthma. The overall objective for this chapter is to provide detailed methodological, and insightful technological advances to study the biology of B cells in allergic asthma pathogenesis. Specifically, we will describe how to investigate the frequency and function of IgE+ B cells and Bregs in allergic asthma, and the kinetics of these cells after allergen exposure in a human asthma model.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Paul Oliveria
- School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Respirology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Rita Agayby
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respirology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Gail M Gauvreau
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respirology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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13
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Oberholtzer N, Atkinson C, Nadig SN. Adoptive Transfer of Regulatory Immune Cells in Organ Transplantation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:631365. [PMID: 33737934 PMCID: PMC7960772 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.631365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic graft rejection remains a significant barrier to solid organ transplantation as a treatment for end-organ failure. Patients receiving organ transplants typically require systemic immunosuppression in the form of pharmacological immunosuppressants for the duration of their lives, leaving these patients vulnerable to opportunistic infections, malignancies, and other use-restricting side-effects. In recent years, a substantial amount of research has focused on the use of cell-based therapies for the induction of graft tolerance. Inducing or adoptively transferring regulatory cell types, including regulatory T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and IL-10 secreting B cells, has the potential to produce graft-specific tolerance in transplant recipients. Significant progress has been made in the optimization of these cell-based therapeutic strategies as our understanding of their underlying mechanisms increases and new immunoengineering technologies become more widely available. Still, many questions remain to be answered regarding optimal cell types to use, appropriate dosage and timing, and adjuvant therapies. In this review, we summarize what is known about the cellular mechanisms that underly the current cell-based therapies being developed for the prevention of allograft rejection, the different strategies being explored to optimize these therapies, and all of the completed and ongoing clinical trials involving these therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Oberholtzer
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Carl Atkinson
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Satish N Nadig
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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14
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Aira LE, Debes GF. Skin-Homing Regulatory B Cells Required for Suppression of Cutaneous Inflammation. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:1995-2005.e6. [PMID: 33577766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pro and anti-inflammatory B-cell subsets that localize to unperturbed and inflamed skin are newly emerging components of the skin immune system. To test the relevance of regulatory B cells (Bregs) in the suppression of cutaneous inflammation, we asked whether impaired migration of these cells into the skin exacerbates skin inflammation. Using a mouse model with a B-cell‒specific tamoxifen-inducible deletion of α4β1 integrin, we demonstrate that selective disruption of α4β1-integrin expression in B cells significantly decreases IL-10+ Bregs in inflamed skin, whereas it does not affect their counterparts in lymphoid tissues. Impaired skin homing and reduced cutaneous accumulation of IL-10+ Bregs lead to a significant increase in clinical and histopathological parameters of inflammation in both psoriasiform skin inflammation and cutaneous delayed contact hypersensitivity. Thus, our data show a crucial function of skin-homing IL-10+ Bregs in the suppression of skin inflammation, supporting the notion that Bregs are critical players in the cutaneous environment during inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazaro Emilio Aira
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gudrun Fiona Debes
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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15
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Mizumaki K, Horii M, Kano M, Komuro A, Matsushita T. Suppression of IL-23-mediated psoriasis-like inflammation by regulatory B cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2106. [PMID: 33483537 PMCID: PMC7822829 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81588-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is an inflammatory cutaneous disease mediated by T-cell dependent immune responses; however, B cells are also considered to play an important role its development. Regulatory B cells (Bregs) regulate immune responses negatively through interleukin-10 (IL-10) production. This study aimed to investigate the role of Bregs in IL-23-mediated psoriasis-like inflammation in mice. Psoriasis-like inflammation was induced in B cell-specific phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-deficient mice, in which Bregs were significantly expanded, and in their controls, by intradermal injection of 20 μL phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) containing 0.5 μg rmIL-23 into one ear, every other day for 16 days. IL-23-mediated psoriasis-like inflammation was suppressed in B cell-specific PTEN-deficient mice along with decreased ear thickness and epidermal thickness on day 15. Moreover, adoptive transfer of B1 B cells suppressed IL-23-mediated psoriasis-like inflammation. rmIL-23-injected B cell-specific PTEN-deficient mice showed expanded regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the spleen and draining lymph nodes along with increased Bregs. Further, T helper (Th) 17 differentiation in the rmIL-23-injected ear was suppressed in B cell-specific PTEN-deficient mice. Overall, these results indicate that increased Bregs suppress IL-23-mediated psoriasis-like inflammation through Treg expansion and inhibition of Th17 differentiation. Thus, targeting Bregs may be a feasible treatment strategy for psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kie Mizumaki
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Motoki Horii
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Miyu Kano
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Akito Komuro
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsushita
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan.
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16
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CX3CR1 Deficiency Attenuates DNFB-Induced Contact Hypersensitivity Through Skewed Polarization Towards M2 Phenotype in Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197401. [PMID: 33036460 PMCID: PMC7582565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
CX3CL1 can function as both an adhesion molecule and a chemokine for CX3CR1+ cells, such as T cells, monocytes, and NK cells. Recent studies have demonstrated that CX3CL1-CX3CR1 interaction is associated with the development of various inflammatory skin diseases. In this study, we examined CX3CR1 involvement in 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced contact hypersensitivity using CX3CR1-/- mice. Ear swelling and dermal edema were attenuated after DNFB challenge in CX3CR1-/- mice. Expression of TNF-α, IL-6, and M1 macrophage markers was decreased in the ears of CX3CR1-/- mice, whereas expression of M2 macrophage markers including arginase-1 was increased. Decreased TNF-α and IL-6 expression and increased arginase-1 expression were found in peritoneal macrophages from CX3CR1-/- mice. Furthermore, ear swelling was attenuated by depleting dermal macrophages in wild-type mice to a similar level to CX3CR1-/- mice. These results suggest that CX3CR1 deficiency could induce skewed polarization towards M2 phenotype in macrophages, resulting in attenuation of contact hypersensitivity response.
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17
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Abstract
In mammals, adaptive immunity is mediated by a broadly diverse repertoire of naive B and T lymphocytes that recirculate between secondary lymphoid organs. Initial antigen exposure promotes lymphocyte clonal expansion and differentiation, including the formation of memory cells. Antigen-specific memory cells are maintained at higher frequencies than their naive counterparts and have different functional and homing abilities. Importantly, a subset of memory cells, known as tissue-resident memory cells, is maintained without recirculating in nonlymphoid tissues, often at barrier surfaces, where they can be reactivated by antigen and rapidly perform effector functions that help protect the tissue in which they reside. Although antigen-experienced B cells are abundant at many barrier surfaces, their characterization as tissue-resident memory B (BRM) cells is not well developed. In this study, we describe the characteristics of memory B cells in various locations and discuss their possible contributions to immunity and homeostasis as bona fide BRM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Rameeza Allie
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Troy D. Randall
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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18
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Lin J, Tang W, Liu W, Yu F, Wu Y, Fang X, Zhou M, Hao W, Hu W. Decreased B1 and B2 Lymphocytes Are Associated With Mortality in Elderly Patients With Chronic Kidney Diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:75. [PMID: 32266271 PMCID: PMC7098909 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Loss of renal function is associated with immune deficiency; however, few studies have addressed the role of B lymphocytes in elderly patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this study, we examined the distribution and the relationship of the B lymphocyte subpopulation with clinical outcomes in elderly CKD patients. Methods: In this study, a total of 380 patients (312 CKD patients and 68 non-CKD controls) were recruited. Venous blood samples were analyzed by flow cytometry to determine the following B cell subsets: total B cells (CD19+), innate B1 cells (CD19+CD5+), and conventional B2 cells (CD19+CD5-). Correlations between the B cell subsets with clinical features and patient prognosis were analyzed. Results: A total of 380 patients (mean age 82.29 ± 6.22 years, 76.3% male) were included. The median follow-up time was 37.0 months (range, 1-109 months); 109 (28.7%) patients died. The main causes of death were infections (59.6%) and cardiovascular diseases (22.9%). Correlation analysis showed that levels of serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and CKD were negatively associated with B1 cells. However, lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were positively correlated with B1 cells (all P < 0.05). B2 cells were negatively associated with age, SCr, cystatin C, BUN, and CKD, and were positively correlated with hemoglobin, lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, NK cells, and eGFR (all P < 0.05). Patient survival was significantly better in patients with B cells > 0.05 × 109/L, B1 cells > 0.02 × 109/L, and B2 cells > 0.04 × 109/L. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that B1 cells > 0.02 × 109/L [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.502, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.297-0.851, P = 0.010] and B2 cells > 0.04 × 109/L (HR = 0.536, 95% CI: 0.319-0.901, P = 0.019) were independent protective factors for all-cause mortality. Conclusions: Our results showed that B1 and B2 cells exhibited a significantly negative correlation with the progression of CKD in elderly patients. Moreover, B1 and B2 cells were independent prognostic factors for survival, which indicates that the decrease in B cells may be associated with the progression of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieshan Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangzhou, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Wenfang Tang
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhua Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowu Fang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Maohua Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenke Hao
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wenke Hao
| | - Wenxue Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangzhou, China
- Wenxue Hu
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19
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Kotb A, Ismail S, Kimito I, Mohamed W, Salman A, Mohammed AA. Increased CD5+ B-cells are associated with autoimmune phenomena in lepromatous leprosy patients. J Infect Public Health 2019; 12:656-659. [PMID: 30904499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Leprosy is a chronic slowly progressive infection caused by Mycobacterium leprae that primarily affects the skin and peripheral nerves. Lepromatous leprosy is characterized by absence of T-cell responses to M. leprae and advanced clinical disease. It is frequently associated with the presence of autoantibodies, which might be related to CD19+CD5+ and CD19+CD5- B lymphocyte percentages. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the percentages of CD19+CD5+ and CD19+CD5- B cell subsets as well as the total B cells in lepromatous leprosy patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty lepromatous leprosy patients and ten healthy subjects served as control were included in this study. Venous blood samples were analyzed by flow cytometry to determine the B cell subsets and total B cell percentages. RESULTS Compared to healthy controls, the percentages of CD19+CD5+ B cell subset and total B cells were found to be significantly higher in the patient group. While, the percentage of CD19+CD5- B cell subset was found to be higher in the patient group than the control without any significantly difference. Regarding the eye affection, the percentage of total B cells was observed to be significantly higher in affected patients compared to the non-affected group. CONCLUSION The observed significant increases in CD19+CD5+ and total B cell percentages in patients with lepromatous leprosy suggests a possible role of these cells in the disorganized protective immune response as well as the development of eye complications in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attia Kotb
- Genomic Department, Life Science College, Niigata University, 950-2181, Niigata, Japan; Department of Biology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia; Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, Biochemistry Department, KSU, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Samia Ismail
- Dermatology Department, Medicine Collage, Tanta University, 33717, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Itoh Kimito
- Genomic Department, Life Science College, Niigata University, 950-2181, Niigata, Japan
| | - Waghi Mohamed
- Department of Biology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Alamery Salman
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, Biochemistry Department, KSU, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arif A Mohammed
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, Biochemistry Department, KSU, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Regulatory and Effector B Cells: A New Path Toward Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets to Improve Transplant Outcomes? Clin Lab Med 2018; 39:15-29. [PMID: 30709503 DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
B cells shape the alloimmune response through polarized subsets. These cells inhibit or promote immune responses by expressing suppressive or proinflammatory cytokines. Their summed activity dictates the influence of B cells on the alloimmune response. We review the evidence for regulatory B cells and effector B cells in mice and humans, discuss current limitations in their phenotypic identification, and discuss regulatory B cells as a signature for clinical renal allograft tolerance and predictive markers for allograft outcomes. We discuss the effects of therapeutic agents on regulatory B cells and potential approaches to augment their numbers as a therapeutic tool.
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21
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Heo JH, Heo Y, Lee HJ, Kim M, Shin HY. Topical anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of porcine placenta extracts on 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced contact dermatitis. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:331. [PMID: 30541534 PMCID: PMC6291973 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2396-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background The placenta is a reservoir enriched with growth factors, hormones, cytokines and minerals. While several beneficial effects of placenta extracts on wound healing, anti-aging and anti-inflammatory responses have been reported, relatively limited mechanistic exploration has been conducted to date. Here, we provide compelling evidence of anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities of porcine placenta extracts (PPE) against contact dermatitis in vivo. Methods A contact dermatitis mouse model was established by sensitizing the dorsal skin of BALB/c mice using the contact allergen, 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), and molecular consequences of topical application of PPE were investigated. PPEs were pre-sterilized via γ-irradiation, which is a milder but more effective way of sterilizing biomolecules relative to the conventional autoclaving method. Results DNCB-induced skin lesions displayed clear contact dermatitis-like symptoms and topical application of PPE dramatically alleviated both local and systemic inflammatory responses. Inflammatory epidermal thickening was completely abrogated and allergen-specific serum IgE levels significantly reduced in the presence of PPE. Moreover, anti-oxidative activities of PPE were observed both in vitro and in vivo, which may lead to attenuation of inflammatory responses. Prolonged treatment with PPE strongly inhibited production of DNCB-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequently prevented oxidative degradation of hyaluronic acid (HA), which triggers innate inflammatory responses. Conclusion Our findings supply valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of PPE and provide a functional basis for the clinical application of PPE in inflammatory diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-018-2396-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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22
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Pan W, Xu HW, Hao WT, Sun FF, Qin YF, Hao SS, Liu H, Cao JP, Shen YJ, Zheng KY. The excretory-secretory products of Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces stimulated IL-10 production in B cells via TLR-2 signaling. BMC Immunol 2018; 19:29. [PMID: 30355335 PMCID: PMC6201587 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-018-0267-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Excretory-secretory products released by Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces (EgPSC-ESPs) are well-known to regulate T cell responses. However, their direct influence on the differentiation of B cell subsets remains largely elusive. This study investigated the effects of EgPSC-ESPs on the differentiation of IL-10-producing B cells (B10), and explored the possible role of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2) signaling in this process. Results In comparison to phosphate buffered saline (PBS), B cells exposed to the excretory–secretory products (ESPs) generated higher percentages of B10 cells, with higher expression of IL-10 mRNA, and larger amount of IL-10 production, which were in a dose dependent way. The mRNA and protein expression of TLR-2 in the ESPs-stimulated B cells were significantly higher than those in PBS, which was consistent to the results in B cells isolated from EgPSC infected mice. Moreover, TLR-2−/− B cells in response to ESPs stimulation expressed lower levels of IL-10 mRNA and produced undetectable IL-10 in comparison to those in normal B cells. In addition, Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten/AKT/Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PTEN/AKT/PI3K) pathway was activated in ESPs-treated B cells, which was also dependent on TLR-2 signaling. Pam3CSK4, the agonist of TLR-2, could mock the effects of ESPs on the expression of PTEN, AKT and PI3K. Conclusion Overall, this study revealed that TLR-2 signaling was required for B10 induction mediated by EgPSC-ESPs, which might be an immunomodulatory target against the parasite infection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12865-018-0267-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Pan
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education (Xuzhou Medical University), Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hui-Wen Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education (Xuzhou Medical University), Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.,Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wen-Ting Hao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fen-Fen Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education (Xuzhou Medical University), Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan-Fang Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shan-Shan Hao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hua Liu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Ping Cao
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Juan Shen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China.
| | - Kui-Yang Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China. .,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education (Xuzhou Medical University), Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
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IL-21 Attenuates FITC-Induced Contact Hypersensitivity Response via Regulation of Dendritic Cell Function. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:2174-2184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.1508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Lee MB, Lee JH, Hong SH, You JS, Nam ST, Kim HW, Park YH, Lee D, Min KY, Park YM, Kim YM, Kim HS, Choi WS. JQ1, a BET inhibitor, controls TLR4-induced IL-10 production in regulatory B cells by BRD4-NF-κB axis. BMB Rep 2018; 50:640-646. [PMID: 29187284 PMCID: PMC5749911 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2017.50.12.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory B cells, also well-known as IL-10-producing B cells, play a role in the suppression of inflammatory responses. However, the epigenetic modulation of regulatory B cells is largely unknown. Recent studies showed that the bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) protein inhibitor JQ1 controls the expression of various genes involving cell proliferation and cell cycle. However, the role of BET proteins on development of regulatory B cells is not reported. In this study, JQ1 potently suppressed IL-10 expression and secretion in murine splenic and peritoneal B cells. While bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) was associated with NF-κB on IL-10 promoter region by LPS stimulation, JQ1 interfered the interaction of BRD4 with NF-κB on IL-10 promoter. In summary, BRD4 is essential for toll like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated IL-10 expression, suggesting JQ1 could be a potential candidate in regulating IL-10-producing regulatory B cells in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Bum Lee
- School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Lee
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Seong Hwi Hong
- School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Jueng Soo You
- School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Seung Taek Nam
- School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Kim
- School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | | | - Dajeong Lee
- School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Keun Young Min
- School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Yeong-Min Park
- School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Young Mi Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 01369, Korea
| | - Hyuk Soon Kim
- School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Wahn Soo Choi
- School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
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25
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Wei YX, Sun B, Xiao L, Shi BY. Infusion of Lymphocytes Treated With 8-Methoxypsoralen and Ultraviolet A Light Induces CD19 +IL-10 + Regulatory B Cells and Promotes Skin Allograft Survival. Transplant Proc 2018; 50:3906-3910. [PMID: 30577285 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) represents an alternative to immunosuppression as a means of reducing rejection after thoracic organ transplantation. The mechanism by which ECP exerts its protective effects, until now, has remained elusive. Infusion of ECP-treated splenic lymphocytes (PUVA-SP) can induce CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ regulatory T cells. However, the regulatory effect of PUVA-SP on B cells remains poorly understood. In the present study, we measured IL-10 secretion from CD19+ B cells of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Our results demonstrate that infusion of PUVA-SP (PUVA-BSP from BALB/c or PUVA-CSP from C57BL/6 mice), in the absence of an immunosuppressant, significantly promotes skin allograft survival. This effect was associated with upregulation of circulating regulatory B cells exhibiting preferential IL-10 secretion and a shift of cytokine profile from helper T cell type 1 to helper T cell type 2. Our results suggest that effective treatments involving infusion of PUVA-SP is likely related not only to the modulation of T cell and regulatory T cell functions but also to the function of B cell and regulatory B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y X Wei
- Organ Transplantation Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation and Immune Regulation, 309th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - B Sun
- Organ Transplantation Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation and Immune Regulation, 309th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - L Xiao
- Organ Transplantation Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation and Immune Regulation, 309th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - B Y Shi
- Organ Transplantation Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation and Immune Regulation, 309th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China.
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Amrouche K, Jamin C. Influence of drug molecules on regulatory B cells. Clin Immunol 2017; 184:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Vocanson M, Mutez V, Esser PR, Bachtanian E, Cluzel M, Nosbaum A, Martin SF, Nicolas JF. Contact hypersensitivity: T-cell based assay. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Strzępa A, Majewska-Szczepanik M, Lobo FM, Wen L, Szczepanik M. Broad spectrum antibiotic enrofloxacin modulates contact sensitivity through gut microbiota in a murine model. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 140:121-133.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Wortel CM, Heidt S. Regulatory B cells: Phenotype, function and role in transplantation. Transpl Immunol 2017; 41:1-9. [PMID: 28257995 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
While B cells are traditionally known for their roles in antibody production, antigen presentation and cytokine production, recent studies have highlighted the existence of B cells with regulatory properties, which have been termed Bregs, analogous to regulatory T cells (Tregs). Bregs have been found to play a role in autoimmune disease, malignancies, infections, and may also be involved in solid organ transplantation. Their main mechanism of action is by promoting the development of Tregs while suppressing effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, primarily by IL-10 secretion. In the field of transplantation evidence for an active role of Bregs is scarce. While the presence of Bregs has been associated with improved graft survival and operational tolerance in kidney transplant recipients, these findings are not without controversy. Since the majority of fundamental research on Bregs has been performed in the fields in autoimmunity and infectious diseases, we will first focus on what these fields taught us on basic Breg biology, after which the relevance for the transplant setting is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Wortel
- Department of Immunohaematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - S Heidt
- Department of Immunohaematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.
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Nielsen MM, Schmidt JD, Christensen JP, Geisler C, Johansen JD, Bonefeld CM. Detection of local inflammation induced by repeated exposure to contact allergens by use of IVIS SpectrumCT analyses. Contact Dermatitis 2017; 76:210-217. [PMID: 28120518 DOI: 10.1111/cod.12746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contact allergy is characterized by local skin inflammation that, in some cases, can result in systemic immune activation. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether IVIS SpectrumCT analyses can be used to detect the immune response induced by contact allergens. METHODS Mice were repeatedly exposed to vehicle or allergens on the ears. The local and systemic responses were analysed at different times with the ProSense 750 FAST probe in IVIS SpectrumCT measurements. In addition, changes in ear thickness, cytokine profile in the skin and immunological phenotype in the draining lymph nodes and spleen were determined. RESULTS Local inflammation was detected by ProSense 750 FAST and correlated with changes in ear thickness, cytokine profile and immunological phenotype following exposure to the strong contact allergen 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene. Analysis of the systemic response with ProSense 750 FAST did not show any difference between allergen-exposed and control mice, although fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis of the spleen showed increased numbers of γδ T cells and CD11b+ CD11c+ MHCII+ cells in allergen-treated mice. CONCLUSIONS IVIS SpectrumCT analyses with ProSense 750 FAST as the probe can be used to detect local immune responses induced by contact allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten M Nielsen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas D Schmidt
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan P Christensen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carsten Geisler
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeanne D Johansen
- Department of Dermato-Allergology, National Allergy Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Charlotte M Bonefeld
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Hong J, Fang J, Lan R, Tan Q, Tian Y, Zhang M, Okunieff P, Zhang L, Lin J, Han D. TLR9 mediated regulatory B10 cell amplification following sub-total body irradiation: Implications in attenuating EAE. Mol Immunol 2017; 83:52-61. [PMID: 28110075 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmunity and inflammation are controlled in part by regulatory B (Breg) cells, including the recently identified IL-10-competent B10 cell subset that represents 1%-3% of mouse spleen B cells. In this study, the influence of irradiation on Breg/B10 cell generation and IL-10 production mediated by TLR9 signaling pathways was investigated. Spleen and peritoneal cavity Breg/B10 cell frequencies were significantly expanded three weeks after sub-total body irradiation (sub-TBI, 5Gy or 10Gy) in adult male wild type (WT) C57BL/6(B6) mice but not in TLR9-/- mice. TLR9 agonist ODN1826 stimulation in vitro for 5h induced more B10 cells to express cytoplasmic IL-10 in sub-TBI WT mice than in TLR9-/- mice. Prolonged ODN1826 stimulation (48h) induced additional spleen CD19hiCD5+CD1dhi B cells to express IL-10. TLR9-dependent signaling molecules, MyD88, TRAF6 and IRF8 are involved in sub-TBI induced Breg/B10 cells development and expansion. Furthermore, using a mouse model for multiple sclerosis, we show here that sub-TBI induced Breg/B10 cells dramatically inhibit disease onset and severity when transferred into mice with established experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Adoptively transferred sub-TBI induced Breg cells significantly suppress inflammatory T cell responses of TH17 and TH1 types in EAE mice. In conclusion, sub-TBI can drive Breg/B10 cell development and expansion, which could be used as a novel tool for suppressing undesirable immunity. The ex vivo expansion and reinfusion of autologous Breg/B10 cells may provide a novel and effective in vivo treatment for severe autoimmune diseases that are resistant to current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsheng Hong
- Central Lab., First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory of Individualized Active Immunotherapy, Fujian Medical University, Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China
| | - Jie Fang
- Department of Dermatology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Ruilong Lan
- Central Lab., First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory of Individualized Active Immunotherapy, Fujian Medical University, Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China
| | - Qi Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yeping Tian
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UF Shands Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Paul Okunieff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UF Shands Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Lurong Zhang
- Central Lab., First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory of Individualized Active Immunotherapy, Fujian Medical University, Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China
| | - Jianhua Lin
- Central Lab., First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory of Individualized Active Immunotherapy, Fujian Medical University, Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China
| | - Deping Han
- Central Lab., First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory of Individualized Active Immunotherapy, Fujian Medical University, Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China.
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Mansoori B, Mohammadi A, Shajari N, Davudian S, Salehi S, Baradaran B. Nano-liposome-based target toxicity machine: an alternative/complementary approach in atopic diseases. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 45:1292-1297. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2016.1261872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Mansoori
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammadi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Neda Shajari
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sadaf Davudian
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shima Salehi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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MESH Headings
- Antigen Presentation
- Arthritis, Experimental/genetics
- Arthritis, Experimental/immunology
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/pathology
- Colitis/genetics
- Colitis/immunology
- Colitis/pathology
- Cytokines/genetics
- Cytokines/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/genetics
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation/immunology
- Humans
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/genetics
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/immunology
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/pathology
- Immune Tolerance
- Immunity, Humoral
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/genetics
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/pathology
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Cytokine/genetics
- Receptors, Cytokine/immunology
- Signal Transduction
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Merlo LMF, DuHadaway JB, Grabler S, Prendergast GC, Muller AJ, Mandik-Nayak L. IDO2 Modulates T Cell-Dependent Autoimmune Responses through a B Cell-Intrinsic Mechanism. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:4487-97. [PMID: 27183624 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mechanistic insight into how adaptive immune responses are modified along the self-nonself continuum may offer more effective opportunities to treat autoimmune disease, cancer, and other sterile inflammatory disorders. Recent genetic studies in the KRN mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis demonstrate that the immunomodulatory molecule IDO2 modifies responses to self-antigens; however, the mechanisms involved are obscure. In this study, we show that IDO2 exerts a critical function in B cells to support the generation of autoimmunity. In experiments with IDO2-deficient mice, adoptive transplant experiments demonstrated that IDO2 expression in B cells was both necessary and sufficient to support robust arthritis development. IDO2 function in B cells was contingent on a cognate, Ag-specific interaction to exert its immunomodulatory effects on arthritis development. We confirmed a similar requirement in an established model of contact hypersensitivity, in which IDO2-expressing B cells are required for a robust inflammatory response. Mechanistic investigations showed that IDO2-deficient B cells lacked the ability to upregulate the costimulatory marker CD40, suggesting IDO2 acts at the T-B cell interface to modulate the potency of T cell help needed to promote autoantibody production. Overall, our findings revealed that IDO2 expression by B cells modulates autoimmune responses by supporting the cross talk between autoreactive T and B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - George C Prendergast
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA 19096; Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107; and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Alexander J Muller
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA 19096; Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107; and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
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Zhang J, Wan M, Ren J, Gao J, Fu M, Wang G, Liu Y, Li W. Positive selection of B10 cells is determined by BCR specificity and signaling strength. Cell Immunol 2016; 304-305:27-34. [PMID: 27132875 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
B10 cells, a regulatory B cell subset, negatively regulate immune responses in an IL-10-dependent manner. However, the mechanism of B10 cell development is unclear. We found that B10 cells mainly identified self-antigens. TgVH3B4 transgenic mice, whose VH was derived from an actin-reactive natural antibody, exhibit elevated numbers of actin-binding B10 cells. Immunization of TgVH3B4 mice with actin induced elevated B10 cell numbers in an antigen-specific manner, indicating positive selection of B10 cells by self-antigens. Furthermore, higher BCR signaling strength facilitated B10 cell development. We also observed that actin-reactive IgG levels were unchanged in TgVH3B4 mice after immunization with actin in contrast to the elevated OVA-reactive IgG level after immunization with OVA, indicating that B10 cells acted in an antigen-specific manner to inhibit the immune response. Our data demonstrate for the first time that B10 cells are positively selected by self-reactivity and that higher BCR signaling strength promotes B10 cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jigang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Ming Wan
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Jing Ren
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Jixin Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Meng Fu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China.
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Matsushita T, Le Huu D, Kobayashi T, Hamaguchi Y, Hasegawa M, Naka K, Hirao A, Muramatsu M, Takehara K, Fujimoto M. A novel splenic B1 regulatory cell subset suppresses allergic disease through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt pathway activation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:1170-1182.e9. [PMID: 26948079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.12.1319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-10-producing regulatory B (B10) cells potently suppress allergic diseases, such as contact hypersensitivity (CHS). Splenic B10 cells share overlapping phenotypic markers with CD5+ B1 B cells, CD1dhiCD21+CD23- marginal zone (MZ) B cells, and CD1dhiCD21+CD23+ T2-MZ precursor B cells but do not exclusively belong to either subset. OBJECTIVE In this study we investigated the signaling mechanisms and a novel phenotypic parameter of B10 cells. METHOD We performed microarray analysis comparing IL-10+ and IL-10- B cells. B cell-specific phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-deficient mice, which exhibit aberrant activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt pathway in B cells, were examined. RESULTS Microarray analysis revealed that the PI3K-Akt pathway is important for IL-10 production in B cells. PI3K-Akt pathway inhibitors reduced B10 cell numbers in vitro. B10 cell numbers were significantly increased in B cell-specific PTEN-deficient mice. The CHS response was significantly diminished in PTEN-deficient mice. Unexpectedly, splenic B10 cells in these mice were found within the B1 B-cell subset but not within the MZ B-cell subset. In wild-type mice not only MZ B10 cells but also B1-B10 cells were identified in the spleen. In addition, these 2 B10 cell subsets were predominantly found within the CD9+CD80+ B-cell fraction. CONCLUSION A novel splenic B1 regulatory cell subset (B1-B10 cells) was identified. Our findings show that the PI3K-Akt pathway in B cells is critical for B10 cell development and CHS response and that CD9/CD80 coexpression is a novel phenotypic parameter for both MZ-B10 and B1-B10 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Matsushita
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan.
| | - Doanh Le Huu
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tadahiro Kobayashi
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Hamaguchi
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Minoru Hasegawa
- Department of Dermatology, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Naka
- Exploratory Project on Cancer Stem Cells, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hirao
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masamichi Muramatsu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Takehara
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Manabu Fujimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Japan.
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Thomas SN, Rohner NA, Edwards EE. Implications of Lymphatic Transport to Lymph Nodes in Immunity and Immunotherapy. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2016; 18:207-33. [PMID: 26928210 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-101515-014413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive immune response consists of many highly regulated, multistep cascades that protect against infection while preserving the health of autologous tissue. The proper initiation, maintenance, and resolution of such responses require the precise coordination of molecular and cellular signaling over multiple time and length scales orchestrated by lymphatic transport. In order to investigate these functions and manipulate them for therapy, a comprehensive understanding of how lymphatics influence immune physiology is needed. This review presents the current mechanistic understanding of the role of the lymphatic vasculature in regulating biomolecule and cellular transport from the interstitium, peripheral tissue immune surveillance, the lymph node stroma and microvasculature, and circulating lymphocyte homing to lymph nodes. This review also discusses the ramifications of lymphatic transport in immunity as well as tolerance and concludes with examples of how lymphatic-mediated targeting of lymph nodes has been exploited for immunotherapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan N Thomas
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and.,Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332; .,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Nathan A Rohner
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and.,Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332;
| | - Erin E Edwards
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332; .,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
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Kim AR, Kim HS, Kim DK, Nam ST, Kim HW, Park YH, Lee D, Lee MB, Lee JH, Kim B, Beaven MA, Kim HS, Kim YM, Choi WS. Mesenteric IL-10-producing CD5+ regulatory B cells suppress cow's milk casein-induced allergic responses in mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19685. [PMID: 26785945 PMCID: PMC4726293 DOI: 10.1038/srep19685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Food allergy is a hypersensitive immune reaction to food proteins. We have previously demonstrated the presence of IL-10-producing CD5(+) B cells and suggested their potential role in regulating cow's milk casein allergy in humans and IgE-mediated anaphylaxis in mice. In this study, we determined whether IL-10-producing CD5(+) regulatory B cells control casein-induced food allergic responses in mice and, if so, the underlying mechanisms. The induction of oral tolerance (OT) by casein suppressed casein-induced allergic responses including the decrease of body temperature, symptom score, diarrhea, recruitment of mast cells and eosinophils into jejunum, and other biological parameters in mice. Notably, the population of IL-10-producing CD5(+) B cells was increased in mesenteric lymph node (MLN), but not in spleen or peritoneal cavity (PeC) in OT mice. The adoptive transfer of CD5(+) B cells from MLN, but not those from spleen and PeC, suppressed the casein-induced allergic responses in an allergen-specific and IL-10-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect of IL-10-producing CD5(+) B cells on casein-induced allergic response was dependent on Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. Taken together, mesenteric IL-10-producing regulatory B cells control food allergy via Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells and could potentially act as a therapeutic regulator for food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Ram Kim
- School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea
| | - Hyuk Soon Kim
- School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea
| | - Do Kyun Kim
- School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea
| | - Seung Taek Nam
- School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Kim
- School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea
| | - Young Hwan Park
- School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea
| | - Dajeong Lee
- School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea
| | - Min Bum Lee
- School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea
| | - Bokyung Kim
- School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea
| | - Michael A. Beaven
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Young Mi Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul 132-714, Korea
| | - Wahn Soo Choi
- School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea
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Do patients with a failed metal-on-metal hip implant with a pseudotumor present differences in their peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations? Clin Orthop Relat Res 2015; 473:3903-14. [PMID: 26324830 PMCID: PMC4626498 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-015-4466-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early adverse tissue reactions around metal-on-metal (MoM) hip replacements, especially pseudotumors, are a major concern. Because the causes and pathomechanisms of these pseudotumors remain largely unknown, clinical monitoring of patients with MoM bearings is challenging. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES The purpose of this study was to compare the lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood from patients with a failed MoM hip implant with and without a pseudotumor and patients with a well-functioning MoM hip implant without a pseudotumor. Potential differences in the systemic immune response are expected to reflect local differences in the periprosthetic tissues. METHODS Consenting patients who underwent a revision of a failed MoM hip implant at The Ottawa Hospital (TOH) from 2011 to 2014, or presented with a well-functioning MoM hip implant for a postoperative clinical followup at TOH from 2012 to 2013, were recruited for this study, unless they met any of the exclusion criteria (including diagnosed conditions that can affect peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations). Patients with a failed implant were divided into two groups: those with a pseudotumor (two hip resurfacings and five total hip arthroplasties [THAs]) and those without a pseudotumor (10 hip resurfacings and two THAs). Patients with a well-functioning MoM hip implant (nine resurfacings and three THAs) at 5 or more years postimplantation and who did not have a pseudotumor as demonstrated sonographically served as the control group. Peripheral blood subpopulations of T cells (specifically T helper [Th] and cytotoxic T [Tc]), B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, memory T and B cells as well as type 1 (expressing interferon-γ) and type 2 (expressing interleukin-4) Th and Tc cells were analyzed by flow cytometry after immunostaining. Serum concentrations of cobalt and chromium were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. RESULTS The mean percentages of total memory T cells and, specifically, memory Th and memory Tc cells were lower in patients with a failed MoM hip implant with a pseudotumor than in both patients with a failed implant without a pseudotumor and patients with a well-functioning implant without a pseudotumor (memory Th cells: 29% ± 5% [means ± SD] versus 55% ± 17%, d = 1.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.2, 2.5] and versus 48% ± 14%, d = 1.6, 95% CI [1.0, 2.2], respectively; memory Tc cells: 18% ± 5% versus 45% ± 14%, d = 2.3, 95% CI [1.5, 3.1] and versus 41% ± 12%, d = 2.3, 95% CI [1.5, 3.1], respectively; p < 0.001 in all cases). The mean percentage of memory B cells was also lower in patients with a failed MoM hip implant with a pseudotumor than in patients with a well-functioning implant without a pseudotumor (12% ± 8% versus 29% ± 16%, d = 1.3, 95% CI [0.7, 1.8], p = 0.025). In addition, patients with a failed MoM hip implant with a pseudotumor had overall lower percentages of type 1 Th cells than both patients with a failed implant without a pseudotumor and patients with a well-functioning implant without a pseudotumor (5.5% [4.9%-5.8%] [median with interquartile range] versus 8.7% [6.5%-10.2%], d = 1.4, 95% CI [0.8, 2.0] and versus 9.6% [6.4%-11.1%], d = 1.6, 95% CI [1.0, 2.2], respectively; p ≤ 0.010 in both cases). Finally, serum cobalt concentrations in patients with a failed MoM hip implant with a pseudotumor were overall higher than those in patients with a well-functioning implant without a pseudotumor (5.8 µg/L [2.9-17.0 µg/L] versus 0.9 µg/L [0.6-1.3 µg/L], d = 2.2, 95% CI [1.4, 2.9], p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Overall, results suggest the presence of a type IV hypersensitivity reaction, with a predominance of type 1 Th cells, in patients with a failed MoM hip implant with a pseudotumor. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The lower percentages of memory T cells (specifically Th and Tc) as well as type 1 Th cells in peripheral blood of patients with a failed MoM hip implant with a pseudotumor could potentially become diagnostic biomarkers for the detection of pseudotumors. Although implant design (hip resurfacing or THA) did not seem to affect the results, as suggested by the scatter of the data with respect to this parameter, future studies with additional patients could include the analysis of implant design in addition to correlations with histological analyses of specific Th subsets in periprosthetic tissues.
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40
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Singleton H, Popple A, Gellatly N, Maxwell G, Williams J, Friedmann PS, Kimber I, Dearman RJ. Anti-hapten antibodies in response to skin sensitization. Contact Dermatitis 2015; 74:197-204. [PMID: 26560413 DOI: 10.1111/cod.12486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Whereas T lymphocyte (T cell) activation is the key event in the acquisition of skin sensitization and subsequent elicitation of allergic contact dermatitis, the humoral component of immune responses to organic contact allergens has received little consideration. There is evidence that, in experimental animals, topical exposure to potent contact allergens is associated with B cell activation and proliferation, and hapten-specific antibody production. However, there is very limited evidence available for anti-hapten antibody responses being induced following topical exposure of humans to contact allergens. Nevertheless, it is important to appreciate that there are almost no negative studies in which evidence for antibody production as the result of skin sensitization has been sought and not found. That is, there is absence of evidence rather than evidence of absence. Furthermore, exposure to chemical respiratory allergens, in which the skin has been implicated as a potential route of sensitization, results in anti-hapten antibody responses. It is proposed that skin sensitization to contact allergens will normally be accompanied by antibody production. The phenomenon is worthy of investigation, as anti-hapten antibodies could potentially influence and/or regulate the induction of skin sensitization. Moreover, such antibodies may provide an informative correlate of the extent to which sensitization has been acquired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Singleton
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Amy Popple
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Nichola Gellatly
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Bedford, MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Gavin Maxwell
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Bedford, MK44 1LQ, UK
| | | | - Peter S Friedmann
- Division of Infection, Inflammation & Immunity, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Ian Kimber
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Rebecca J Dearman
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
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41
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Wei Y, Zheng D, Li X, Zhou W, Qian Y, Ming C, Shi B. Infusion of dendritic cells carrying donor lymphocytes treated with 8-methoxypsoralen and ultraviolet A light induces CD19+ IL-10+ regulatory B cells and promotes skin allograft survival. Transplant Proc 2015; 46:3641-6. [PMID: 25498103 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.09.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PUVA-SP DCs are immature dendritic cells (imDCs) that have taken up donor splenic lymphocytes treated with 8-methoxypsoralen and ultraviolet A light (PUVA-SPs). Phagocytosis of donor PUVA-SPs does not stimulate phenotype maturation of recipient imDCs, and infusion of PUVA-SP DCs can induce CD4(+)CD25(high)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Treg). However, the regulatory effect of PUVA-SP DCs on B cells is poorly understood. In this study, we compared PUVA-SP DCs with imDCs in terms of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) responsiveness and flow cytometric analysis of interleukin (IL) 10 expression in splenic CD19(+)B cells. Our results demonstrate that PUVA-SP DCs can suppress subsequent LPS-induced DC maturation and that infusion of PUVA-SP DCs, in the absence of an immunosuppressant, significantly promotes skin allograft survival. This effect was associated with up-regulation of circulating regulatory B cells exhibiting preferential IL-10 secretion. Our results suggest that effective treatments involving infusion of PUVA-SP DCs is likely related to the modulation not only of T-cell and Treg functions but also of B-cell and regulatory B-cell (Breg) functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wei
- Organ Transplantation Institute, 309th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - D Zheng
- Organ Transplantation Institute, 309th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - X Li
- Organ Transplantation Institute, 309th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - W Zhou
- Organ Transplantation Institute, 309th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Qian
- Organ Transplantation Institute, 309th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - C Ming
- Organ Transplantation Institute, 309th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - B Shi
- Organ Transplantation Institute, 309th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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42
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Du HQ, Zhang X, An YF, Ding Y, Zhao XD. Effects of Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein Deficiency on IL-10-Producing Regulatory B Cells in Humans and Mice. Scand J Immunol 2015; 81:483-93. [PMID: 25728049 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) is an important regulator of the actin cytoskeleton and is required for immune cell function. WASp deficiency causes a marked reduction in major mature peripheral B cell subsets, particularly marginal zone (MZ) B cells. We hypothesized that WASp deficiency may also lead to a reduction of regulatory B cells (known as B10 cells) belonging to a novel subset of B cells. And in consideration of the key role of B10 cells play in maintaining peripheral tolerance, we conjectured that a deficit of these cells could contribute to the autoimmunity in patients with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS). The effects of WASp deficiency on B10 cells have been reported by only one group, which used an antigen-induced arthritis model. To add more information, we measured the percentage of B10 cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs) and Th1 cells in WASp knockout (WASp KO) mice. We also measured the percentage of B10 cells in patients with WAS by flow cytometry. Importantly, we used the non-induced autoimmune WASp KO mouse model to investigate the association between B10 cell frequency and the Treg/Th1 balance. We found that the percentage of B10 cells was reduced in both mice (steady state and inflammatory state) and in humans and that the lower B10 population correlated with an imbalance in the Treg/Th1 ratio in old WASp KO mice with autoimmune colitis. These findings suggest that WASp plays a crucial role in B10 cell development and that WASp-deficient B10 cells may contribute to autoimmunity in WAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-Q Du
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - X Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Y-F An
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Division of Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Y Ding
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Division of Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - X-D Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Division of Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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43
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Thang CL, Zhao X. Effects of orally administered immunodominant T-cell epitope peptides on cow's milk protein allergy in a mouse model. Food Res Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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44
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Tedder TF. B10 cells: a functionally defined regulatory B cell subset. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:1395-401. [PMID: 25663677 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
B cells are commonly thought to enhance inflammatory immune responses. However, specific regulatory B cell subsets recently were identified that downregulate adaptive and innate immunity, inflammation, and autoimmunity through diverse molecular mechanisms. In both mice and humans, a rare, but specific, subset of regulatory B cells is functionally characterized by its capacity to produce IL-10, a potent inhibitory cytokine. For clarity, this regulatory B cell subset has been labeled as B10 cells, because their ability to downregulate immune responses and inflammatory disease is fully attributable to IL-10, and their absence or loss exacerbates disease symptoms in mouse models. This review preferentially focuses on what is known about mouse B10 cell development, phenotype, and effector function, as well as on mechanistic studies that demonstrated their functional importance during inflammation, autoimmune disease, and immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Tedder
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
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45
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Egbuniwe IU, Karagiannis SN, Nestle FO, Lacy KE. Revisiting the role of B cells in skin immune surveillance. Trends Immunol 2015; 36:102-11. [PMID: 25616715 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Whereas our understanding of the skin immune system has increased exponentially in recent years, the role of B cells in cutaneous immunity remains poorly defined. Recent studies have revealed the presence of B cells within lymphocytic infiltrates in chronic inflammatory skin diseases and cutaneous malignancies including melanoma, and have examined their functional significance in these settings. We review these findings and discuss them in the context of the current understanding of the role of B cells in normal skin physiology, as well as in both animal and human models of skin pathology. We integrate these findings into a model of cutaneous immunity wherein crosstalk between B cells and other skin-resident immune cells plays a central role in skin immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isioma U Egbuniwe
- Cutaneous Medicine and Immunotherapy Unit, St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- Cutaneous Medicine and Immunotherapy Unit, St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Frank O Nestle
- Cutaneous Medicine and Immunotherapy Unit, St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK.
| | - Katie E Lacy
- Cutaneous Medicine and Immunotherapy Unit, St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK.
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46
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Wang Y, Han X. B Cells with Regulatory Function in Human Diseases. AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES AND THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES : OPEN ACCESS 2014; 1:107. [PMID: 26973880 PMCID: PMC4788385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Wang
- The Forsyth Institute, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xiaozhe Han
- Corresponding Author: Xiaozhe Han, The Forsyth Institute, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cambridge, USA; Tel: 617-892-8447; Fax: 617-892-8612;
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47
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Zhang EY, Zhu BT. Estriol strongly inhibits DNCB-induced contact dermatitis: role of antigen-specific antibodies in pathogenesis. Endocr Connect 2014; 3:161-72. [PMID: 25150251 PMCID: PMC4165036 DOI: 10.1530/ec-14-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The endogenous estrogens are important modulators of the immune system and its functions. However, their effects are rather complex and many aspects have not been studied. In this study, we used the 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB)-induced contact dermatitis as a disease model and investigated the effect of estriol (E3), along with two other estrogens, 17β-estradiol and estrone, on the pathogenesis of contact hypersensitivity. A series of parameters, such as ear swelling, skin inflammation, antigen-specific immunoglobulins, and lymphocyte compositions in peripheral lymphoid organs, were evaluated in mice following development of contact dermatitis. We found that administration of all three estrogens elicited strong inhibition of DNCB-induced dermatitis, while E3 exerted the strongest suppressive effect. Administration of E3 alleviated dermatitis, and this effect was accompanied by decreases in serum DNCB-specific immunoglobulins, such as IgA, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b. Besides, treatment with E3 reduced B cell population, especially IgG-producing cells in the peripheral lymphoid organs following the induction of dermatitis. These observations consistently suggest that the antibody (Ab)-mediated humoral immune reactions play a critical role in the pathogenesis of DNCB-induced contact dermatitis. The results from this study demonstrate, for the first time, that estrogen administration has a strong suppressive effect on the pathogenesis of contact dermatitis. These findings offer important insights concerning the pathogenic role of antigen-specific Abs in contact dermatitis and the treatment of chemical-induced, Ab-mediated skin hypersensitivity reactions in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Yan Zhang
- Department of PharmacologyToxicology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Room 4061 of KLSIC Building, 2146 West 39th Street, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USADepartment of BiologySouth University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Bao-Ting Zhu
- Department of PharmacologyToxicology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Room 4061 of KLSIC Building, 2146 West 39th Street, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USADepartment of BiologySouth University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China Department of PharmacologyToxicology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Room 4061 of KLSIC Building, 2146 West 39th Street, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USADepartment of BiologySouth University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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48
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Abstract
While B cells are traditionally regarded as promoters of the immune response via antibody secretion and pro-inflammatory cytokine production, recent studies have also confirmed an important role for B-cell-mediated negative regulation of immunity. Tremendous advances in the characterization of the mechanisms by which regulatory B cells function has led to the identification of a novel subset of regulatory B cells known as B10 cells, which regulate immune responses through the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). B10 cells are best defined by their functional ability to produce IL-10, as they are not confined to any particular phenotypic subset. B10 cells function in an antigen-specific manner that requires cognate interactions with T cells in vivo to regulate immune responses and have been demonstrated to be potent regulators of allergic and autoimmune disease, cancer, infection, and transplant rejection. Importantly, the recent discovery of human B10 cells has accelerated this field to the forefront of clinical research where the possibility of harnessing the regulatory potential of B10 cells for treatment of aberrant immune responses and diseases may become feasible.
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49
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Kaku H, Cheng KF, Al-Abed Y, Rothstein TL. A novel mechanism of B cell-mediated immune suppression through CD73 expression and adenosine production. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:5904-13. [PMID: 25392527 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Immune suppression by regulatory T cells and regulatory B cells is a critical mechanism to limit excess inflammation and autoimmunity. IL-10 is considered the major mediator of B cell-induced immune suppression. We report a novel mechanism for immune suppression through adenosine generation by B cells. We identified a novel population of B cells that expresses CD73 as well as CD39, two ectoenzymes that together catalyze the extracellular dephosphorylation of adenine nucleotides to adenosine. Whereas CD39 expression is common among B cells, CD73 expression is not. Approximately 30-50% of B-1 cells (B220(+)CD23(-)) and IL-10-producing B (B10) cells (B220(+)CD5(+)CD1d(hi)) are CD73(hi), depending on mouse strain, whereas few conventional B-2 cells (B220(+)CD23(+)AA4.1(-)) express CD73. In keeping with expression of both CD73 and CD39, we found that CD73(+) B cells produce adenosine in the presence of substrate, whereas B-2 cells do not. CD73(-/-) mice were more susceptible to dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS)-induced colitis than wild type (WT) mice were, and transfer of CD73(+) B cells ameliorated the severity of colitis, suggesting that B cell CD73/CD39/adenosine can modulate DSS-induced colitis. IL-10 production by B cells is not affected by CD73 deficiency. Interestingly, adenosine generation by IL-10(-/-) B cells is impaired because of reduced expression of CD73, indicating an unexpected connection between IL-10 and adenosine and suggesting caution in interpreting the results of studies with IL-10(-/-) cells. Our findings demonstrate a novel regulatory role of B cells on colitis through adenosine generation in an IL-10-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kaku
- Center for Oncology and Cell Biology, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030; and
| | - Kai Fan Cheng
- Center for Molecular Innovation, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030
| | - Yousef Al-Abed
- Center for Molecular Innovation, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030
| | - Thomas L Rothstein
- Center for Oncology and Cell Biology, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030; and
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50
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Preciado-Llanes L, Wing JB, Foster RA, Carlring J, Lees A, Read RC, Heath AW. Contact dependent suppression of CD4 T cell activation and proliferation by B cells activated through IgD cross-linking. Immunology 2014; 144:444-452. [PMID: 25244010 PMCID: PMC4557681 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the co-stimulatory interaction between B and T cells is well defined, recent evidence suggests that B cells also have a regulatory role. Here, we show that B cells activated using anti-IgD conjugated to dextran (α-δ-dex) directly inhibit TCR-induced CD4 T cell activation, proliferation and cytokine production. This effect was observed in CD4 T cells activated both with and without CD28 co-stimulation. T cell viability was unaffected, and the T cell suppressive effect was mediated by contact with IgD activated purified B cells and not by IL-10 or other soluble factors. This is the first evidence of IgD activated B cells mediating inhibition of activation and proliferation of CD4 T cells in humans. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Preciado-Llanes
- Department of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of SheffieldSheffield, UK
| | - James B Wing
- Department of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of SheffieldSheffield, UK
| | - Rachel A Foster
- Department of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of SheffieldSheffield, UK
| | - Jennifer Carlring
- Department of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of SheffieldSheffield, UK
| | | | - Robert C Read
- Department of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of SheffieldSheffield, UK
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, and NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University of SouthamptonUK
| | - Andrew W Heath
- Department of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of SheffieldSheffield, UK
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