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Davies BM, Katayama JK, Monsivais JE, Adams JR, Dilts ME, Eberting AL, Hansen JM. Real-time analysis of dynamic compartmentalized GSH redox shifts and H 2O 2 availability in undifferentiated and differentiated cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130321. [PMID: 36870547 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant, small biothiol antioxidant. GSH redox state (Eh) supports developmental processes, yet with disrupted GSH Eh, poor developmental outcomes may occur. The role of subcellular, compartmentalized redox environments in the context of redox regulation of differentiation is not well understood. Here, using the P19 neurogenesis model of cellular differentiation, kinetics of subcellular H2O2 availability and GSH Eh were evaluated following oxidant exposure. METHODS Stably transfected P19 cell lines expressing H2O2 availability or GSH Eh sensors, Orp1-roGFP or Grx1-roGFP, respectively, targeted to the cytosol, mitochondria, or nucleus were used. Dynamic, compartmentalized changes in H2O2 availability and GSH Eh were measured via spectrophotometric and confocal microscopy over 120 min following treatment with H2O2 (100 μM) in both differentiated and undifferentiated cells. RESULTS Generally, treated undifferentiated cells showed a greater degree and duration of both H2O2 availability and GSH Eh disruption than differentiated neurons. In treated undifferentiated cells, H2O2 availability was similar in all compartments. Interestingly, in treated undifferentiated cells, mitochondrial GSH Eh was most affected in both the initial oxidation and the rebound kinetics compared to other compartments. Pretreatment with an Nrf2 inducer prevented H2O2-induced effects in all compartments of undifferentiated cells. CONCLUSIONS Disruption of redox-sensitive developmental pathways is likely stage specific, where cells that are less differentiated and/or are actively differentiating are most affected. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Undifferentiated cells are more susceptible to oxidant-induced redox dysregulation but are protected by chemicals that induce Nrf2. This may preserve developmental programs and diminish the potential for poor developmental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M Davies
- Cell Biology and Physiology Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Jenna K Katayama
- Cell Biology and Physiology Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Joshua E Monsivais
- Cell Biology and Physiology Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - James R Adams
- Cell Biology and Physiology Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Miriam E Dilts
- Cell Biology and Physiology Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Arielle L Eberting
- Cell Biology and Physiology Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Jason M Hansen
- Cell Biology and Physiology Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
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Ishii T, Warabi E, Mann GE. Mechanisms underlying Nrf2 nuclear translocation by non-lethal levels of hydrogen peroxide: p38 MAPK-dependent neutral sphingomyelinase2 membrane trafficking and ceramide/PKCζ/CK2 signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 191:191-202. [PMID: 36064071 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide is an aerobic metabolite playing a central role in redox signaling and oxidative stress. H2O2 could activate redox sensitive transcription factors, such as Nrf2, AP-1 and NF-κB by different manners. In some cells, treatment with non-lethal levels of H2O2 induces rapid activation of Nrf2, which upregulates expression of a set of genes involved in glutathione (GSH) synthesis and defenses against oxidative damage. It depends on two steps, the rapid translational activation of Nrf2 and facilitation of Nrf2 nuclear translocation. We review the molecular mechanisms by which H2O2 induces nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in cultured cells by highlighting the role of neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2), a GSH sensor. H2O2 enters cells through aquaporin channels in the plasma membrane and is rapidly reduced to H2O by GSH peroxidases to consume cellular GSH, resulting in nSMase2 activation to generate ceramide. H2O2 also activates p38 MAP kinase, which enhances transfer of nSMase2 from perinuclear regions to plasma membrane lipid rafts to accelerate ceramide generation. Low levels of ceramide activate PKCζ, which then activates casein kinase 2 (CK2). These protein kinases are able to phosphorylate Nrf2 to stabilize and activate it. Notably, Nrf2 also binds to caveolin-1 (Cav1), which protects Nrf2 from Keap1-mediated degradation and limits Nrf2 nuclear translocation. We propose that Cav1serves as a signaling hub for the control of H2O2-mediated phosphorylation of Nrf2 by kinases, which results in release of Nrf2 from Cav1 to facilitate nuclear translocation. In summary, H2O2 induces GSH depletion which is recovered by Nrf2 activation dependent on p38/nSMase2/ceramide signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Ishii
- School of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.
| | - Eiji Warabi
- School of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.
| | - Giovanni E Mann
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
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3
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Kaya‐Sezginer E, Yilmaz‐Oral D, Kırlangıç OF, Yilmaz S, Özen FZ, Aşan M, Gur S. Sodium butyrate ameliorates erectile dysfunction through fibrosis in a rat model of partial bladder outlet obstruction. Andrology 2022; 10:1441-1453. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.13231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ecem Kaya‐Sezginer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry Ankara University Ankara Turkey
| | - Didem Yilmaz‐Oral
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology Cukurova University Adana Turkey
| | | | - Sercan Yilmaz
- Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, Department of Urology Health Sciences University Ankara Turkey
| | - Fatma Zeynep Özen
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology Amasya University Amasya Turkey
| | - Melih Aşan
- Institute of Biotechnology Ankara University Ankara Turkey
| | - Serap Gur
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology Ankara University Ankara Turkey
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Identification of a Sesquiterpene Lactone from Arctium lappa Leaves with Antioxidant Activity in Primary Human Muscle Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051328. [PMID: 33801315 PMCID: PMC7958318 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many pathologies affecting muscles (muscular dystrophies, sarcopenia, cachexia, renal insufficiency, obesity, diabetes type 2, etc.) are now clearly linked to mechanisms involving oxidative stress. In this context, there is a growing interest in exploring plants to find new natural antioxidants to prevent the appearance and the development of these muscle disorders. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant properties of Arctium lappa leaves in a model of primary human muscle cells exposed to H2O2 oxidative stress. We identified using bioassay-guided purification, onopordopicrin, a sesquiterpene lactone as the main molecule responsible for the antioxidant activity of A. lappa leaf extract. According to our findings, onopordopicrin inhibited the H2O2-mediated loss of muscle cell viability, by limiting the production of free radicals and abolishing DNA cellular damages. Moreover, we showed that onopordopicrin promoted the expression of the nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) downstream target protein heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in muscle cells. By using siRNA, we demonstrated that the inhibition of the expression of Nrf2 reduced the protective effect of onopordopicrin, indicating that the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway mediates the antioxidant effect of onopordopicrin in primary human muscle cells. Therefore, our results suggest that onopordopicrin may be a potential therapeutic molecule to fight against oxidative stress in pathological specific muscle disorders.
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Félix LM, Luzio A, Antunes L, Coimbra AM, Valentim AM. Malformations and mortality in zebrafish early stages associated with elevated caspase activity after 24 h exposure to MS-222. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 412:115385. [PMID: 33370555 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) is a commonly used anaesthetic agent for immobilization of aquatic species. However, delayed development and malformations have been observed in 24 hpf (hours post-fertilization) zebrafish embryos after long-term immobilization. Still, no comprehensive study has been described regarding zebrafish exposure to MS-222 during the first hours of development, which are one of the most sensitive life stages to toxicants. Therefore, this research aimed to assess the toxicity of a 24 h exposure to MS-222 on zebrafish embryonic development. Based on the MS-222 LC50, early blastula stage embryos (~2 hpf) were exposed to 0, 12.5, 25 and 50 mg L-1 for 24 h and then allowed to develop up to 144 hpf. The chromatographic analysis showed that this anaesthetic agent bioaccumulates in 26 hpf zebrafish larvae in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, increased mortalities and skeletal abnormalities were observed at 144 hpf, namely in the highest tested concentration. Yet, no craniofacial anomalies were observed either by alcian blue or calcein staining methods. Independently of the tested concentration, decreased speed and distance travelled were perceived in 144 hpf larvae. At the biochemical level, decreased in vivo reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and apoptosis was observed. Additionally, catalase activity was increased at 26 hpf while results of mRNA expression showed a decreased gclc transcript content at the same time-point. Overall, data obtained highlight the toxicological risk of MS-222 and support ROS-mediated cell death signalling changes through the elevation of catalase activity as an adaptative or protective response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís M Félix
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Laboratory Animal Science, IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Ana Luzio
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal; School of Life and Environmental Sciences (ECVA), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Luís Antunes
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal; School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana M Coimbra
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal; School of Life and Environmental Sciences (ECVA), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana M Valentim
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Laboratory Animal Science, IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
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Bellezza I, Riuzzi F, Chiappalupi S, Arcuri C, Giambanco I, Sorci G, Donato R. Reductive stress in striated muscle cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:3547-3565. [PMID: 32072237 PMCID: PMC11105111 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03476-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Reductive stress is defined as a condition of sustained increase in cellular glutathione/glutathione disulfide and NADH/NAD+ ratios. Reductive stress is emerging as an important pathophysiological event in several diseased states, being as detrimental as is oxidative stress. Occurrence of reductive stress has been documented in several cardiomyopathies and is an important pathophysiological factor particularly in coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. Excess activation of the transcription factor, Nrf2-the master regulator of the antioxidant response-, consequent in most cases to defective autophagy, can lead to reductive stress. In addition, hyperglycemia-induced activation of the polyol pathway can lead to increased NADH/NAD+ ratio, which might translate into increased levels of hydrogen sulfide-via enhanced activity of cystathionine β-synthase-that would fuel reductive stress through inhibition of mitochondrial complex I. Reductive stress may be either a potential weapon against cancer priming tumor cells to apoptosis or a cancer's ally promoting tumor cell proliferation and making tumor cells resistant to reactive oxygen species-inducing drugs. In non-cancer pathological states reductive stress is definitely harmful paradoxically leading to reactive oxygen species overproduction via excess NADPH oxidase 4 activity. In face of the documented occurrence of reductive stress in several heart diseases, there is much less information about the occurrence and effects of reductive stress in skeletal muscle tissue. In the present review we describe relevant results emerged from studies of reductive stress in the heart and review skeletal muscle conditions in which reductive stress has been experimentally documented and those in which reductive stress might have an as yet unrecognized pathophysiological role. Establishing whether reductive stress has a (patho)physiological role in skeletal muscle will hopefully contribute to answer the question whether antioxidant supplementation to the general population, athletes, and a large cohort of patients (e.g. heart, sarcopenic, dystrophic, myopathic, cancer, and bronco-pulmonary patients) is harmless or detrimental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Bellezza
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Riuzzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sara Chiappalupi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cataldo Arcuri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ileana Giambanco
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Sorci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
- Centro Universitario Di Ricerca Sulla Genomica Funzionale, University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Rosario Donato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy.
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy.
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7
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Elkhateeb SA, Ibrahim TR, El-Shal AS, Abdel Hamid OI. Ameliorative role of curcumin on copper oxide nanoparticles-mediated renal toxicity in rats: An investigation of molecular mechanisms. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22593. [PMID: 32738191 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The increasing role of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) in many industries and their broad range of applications increase its potential toxic effects. Curcumin possesses a wide range of health benefits. This study aimed to evaluate the role of curcumin in attenuating CuO NPs toxicity in rat kidney. Thirty six animals were divided into five groups; control groups (I, II), curcumin group orally received curcumin 200 mg/kg bw, CuO NPs group orally gavaged 250 mg/kg bw CuO NPs and combined group orally gavaged curcumin and CuO NPs. Treatment was given for 3 months. Administration of CuO NPs revealed elevation in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels, elevated kidney and urine levels of kidney injury molecule-1, decreased catalase, superoxide dismutase activities, total sulfhydryl, reduced glutathione content, increased serum reactive oxygen species, tissue total oxidant status, lipid hydroperoxides, protein carbonyl, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide levels, increased interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, nuclear factor (NF-κB), and decreased heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCS) genes expression. Moreover, histopathological alteration in kidney structure was detected. Immunohistochemical-stained sections by caspase-3 reaction revealed apoptosis. Pretreatment with curcumin improved most of the adverse effects in rats treated with CuO NPs regarding oxidative stress and inflammatory indices in kidney, and kept histopathological- and immunohistochemical-stained sections near to normal. This study shows that curcumin administration attenuates the toxicity in the kidney of CuO NPs-treated rats through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shereen A Elkhateeb
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Taiseer R Ibrahim
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amal S El-Shal
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Omaima I Abdel Hamid
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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8
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Hansen JM, Jones DP, Harris C. The Redox Theory of Development. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:715-740. [PMID: 31891515 PMCID: PMC7047088 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The geological record shows that as atmospheric O2 levels increased, it concomitantly coincided with the evolution of metazoans. More complex, higher organisms contain a more cysteine-rich proteome, potentially as a means to regulate homeostatic responses in a more O2-rich environment. Regulation of redox-sensitive processes to control development is likely to be evolutionarily conserved. Recent Advances: During early embryonic development, the conceptus is exposed to varying levels of O2. Oxygen and redox-sensitive elements can be regulated to promote normal development, defined as changes to cellular mass, morphology, biochemistry, and function, suggesting that O2 is a developmental morphogen. During periods of O2 fluctuation, embryos are "reprogrammed," on the genomic and metabolic levels. Reprogramming imparts changes to particular redox couples (nodes) that would support specific post-translational modifications (PTMs), targeting the cysteine proteome to regulate protein function and development. Critical Issues: Major developmental events such as stem cell expansion, proliferation, differentiation, migration, and cell fate decisions are controlled through oxidative PTMs of cysteine-based redox nodes. As such, timely coordinated redox regulation of these events yields normal developmental outcomes and viable species reproduction. Disruption of normal redox signaling can produce adverse developmental outcomes. Future Directions: Furthering our understanding of the redox-sensitive processes/pathways, the nature of the regulatory PTMs involved in development and periods of activation/sensitivity to specific developmental pathways would greatly support the theory of redox regulation of development, and would also provide rationale and direction to more fully comprehend poor developmental outcomes, such as dysmorphogenesis, functional deficits, and preterm embryonic death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M. Hansen
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Dean P. Jones
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Craig Harris
- Toxicology Program, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Vargas-Mendoza N, Morales-González Á, Madrigal-Santillán EO, Madrigal-Bujaidar E, Álvarez-González I, García-Melo LF, Anguiano-Robledo L, Fregoso-Aguilar T, Morales-Gonzalez JA. Antioxidant and Adaptative Response Mediated by Nrf2 during Physical Exercise. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8060196. [PMID: 31242588 PMCID: PMC6617290 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8060196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a powerful nuclear transcription factor that coordinates an antioxidant cytoprotector system complex stimulated by the increase in inoxidative stress (OS). In the present manuscript, we conduct a review on the evidence that shows the effect different modalities of physical exercise exert on the antioxidant metabolic response directed by Nrf2. During physical exercise, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) are increased; therefore, if the endogenous and exogenous antioxidant defenses are unable to control the elevation of ROS, the resulting OS triggers the activation of the transcriptional factor Nrf2 to induce the antioxidant response. On a molecular basis related to physical exercise, hormesis maintenance (exercise preconditioning) and adaptative changes in training are supported by a growing body of evidence, which is important for detailing the health benefits that involve greater resistance to environmental aggressions, better tolerance to constant changes, and increasing the regenerative capacity of the cells in such a way that it may be used as a tool to support the prevention or treatment of diseases. This may have clinical implications for future investigations regarding physical exercise in terms of understanding adaptations in high-performance athletes but also as a therapeutic model in several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Vargas-Mendoza
- México Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón S/N, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, CP 11340 Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico; (N.V.-M.); (E.O.M.-S.)
| | - Ángel Morales-González
- Escuela Superior de Cómputo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Juan de Dios Bátiz s/n esquina Miguel Othón de Mendizabal, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, CP 07738 Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Correspondence: (A.M.-G.); (J.A.M.-G.); Tel.: +52-55-5729-6300 (A.M.-G. & J.A.M.-G.)
| | - Eduardo Osiris Madrigal-Santillán
- México Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón S/N, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, CP 11340 Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico; (N.V.-M.); (E.O.M.-S.)
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, “Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos”. Av. WilfridoMassieu. Col., Lindavista, 07738 Ciudad de México, Mexico; (E.M.-B.); (I.A.-G.); (L.F.G.-M.)
| | - Isela Álvarez-González
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, “Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos”. Av. WilfridoMassieu. Col., Lindavista, 07738 Ciudad de México, Mexico; (E.M.-B.); (I.A.-G.); (L.F.G.-M.)
| | - Luis Fernando García-Melo
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, “Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos”. Av. WilfridoMassieu. Col., Lindavista, 07738 Ciudad de México, Mexico; (E.M.-B.); (I.A.-G.); (L.F.G.-M.)
| | - Liliana Anguiano-Robledo
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Molecular, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 11340 Ciudad de México, Mexico;
| | - Tomás Fregoso-Aguilar
- Departamento de Fisiología, Laboratorio de Hormonas y Conducta, ENCB Campus Zacatenco, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 07700 Ciudad de México, Mexico;
| | - José A. Morales-Gonzalez
- México Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón S/N, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, CP 11340 Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico; (N.V.-M.); (E.O.M.-S.)
- Correspondence: (A.M.-G.); (J.A.M.-G.); Tel.: +52-55-5729-6300 (A.M.-G. & J.A.M.-G.)
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10
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Zhang M, Zhang M, Wang L, Yu T, Jiang S, Jiang P, Sun Y, Pi J, Zhao R, Guan D. Activation of cannabinoid type 2 receptor protects skeletal muscle from ischemia-reperfusion injury partly via Nrf2 signaling. Life Sci 2019; 230:55-67. [PMID: 31128135 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cannabinoid type 2 (CB2) receptor activation has been shown to attenuate IRI in various organs. NF-E2-related factor (Nrf2) is an anti-oxidative factor that plays multiple roles in regulating cellular redox homeostasis and modulating cell proliferation and differentiation. The protective effects of CB2 receptor activation on skeletal muscle IRI and the underlying mechanism that involves Nrf2 signaling remain unknown. MAIN METHODS We evaluated the in vivo effect of CB2 receptor activation by the CB2 receptor agonist AM1241 on IR-induced skeletal muscle damage and early myogenesis. We also assessed the effects of CB2 receptor activation on C2C12 myoblasts differentiation and H2O2-induced C2C12 myoblasts damage in vitro, with a focus on the mechanism of Nrf2 signaling. KEY FINDINGS Our results showed that CB2 receptor activation reduced IR-induced histopathological lesions, edema, and oxidative stress 1 day post-injury and accelerated early myogenesis 4 days post-injury in mice. Nrf2 knockout mice that were treated with AM1241 exhibited deteriorative skeletal muscle oxidative damage and myogenesis. In vitro, pretreatment with AM1241 significantly increased the expression of Nrf2 and its nuclear translocation, attenuated the decrease in H2O2-induced C2C12 cell viability, and decreased reactive oxygen species generation and apoptosis. CB2 receptor activation also significantly enhanced C2C12 myoblasts differentiation, which was impaired by silencing Nrf2. SIGNIFICANCE Overall, CB2 receptor activation protected skeletal muscle against IRI by ameliorating oxidative damage and promoting early skeletal muscle myogenesis, which was partly via Nrf2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhou Zhang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang 110122, China; Remote Forensic Consultation Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing 100192, China; Collaborative Laboratory of Intelligentized Forensic Science (CLIFS), Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang 110122, China; Remote Forensic Consultation Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing 100192, China; Collaborative Laboratory of Intelligentized Forensic Science (CLIFS), Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Tianshui Yu
- Remote Forensic Consultation Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Shukun Jiang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang 110122, China; Remote Forensic Consultation Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing 100192, China; Collaborative Laboratory of Intelligentized Forensic Science (CLIFS), Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Penghao Jiang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yingfu Sun
- Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Jingbo Pi
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, China Medical University School of Public Health, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang 110122, China; Remote Forensic Consultation Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing 100192, China; Collaborative Laboratory of Intelligentized Forensic Science (CLIFS), Shenyang 110032, China.
| | - Dawei Guan
- Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang 110122, China; Remote Forensic Consultation Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing 100192, China; Collaborative Laboratory of Intelligentized Forensic Science (CLIFS), Shenyang 110032, China.
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11
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Xie K, Ngo S, Rong J, Sheppard A. Modulation of mitochondrial respiration underpins neuronal differentiation enhanced by lutein. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:87-99. [PMID: 30531082 PMCID: PMC6262990 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.243713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lutein is a dietary carotenoid of particular nutritional interest as it is preferentially taken up by neural tissues. Often linked with beneficial effects on vision, a broader role for lutein in neuronal differentiation has emerged recently, although the underlying mechanisms for these effects are not yet clear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of lutein on neuronal differentiation and explore the associated underpinning mechanisms. We found that lutein treatment enhanced the differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells, specifically increasing neuronal arborization and expression of the neuronal process filament protein microtubule-associated protein 2. This effect was mediated by the intracellular phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway. While PI3K activity is a known trigger of neuronal differentiation, more recently it has also been shown to modulate the metabolic state of cells. Our analysis of bioenergetics found that lutein treatment increased glucose consumption, rates of glycolysis and enhanced respiratory activity of mitochondrial complexes. Concomitantly, the generation of reactive oxygen species was increased (consistent with previous reports that reactive oxygen species promote neuronal differentiation), as well as the production of the key metabolic intermediate acetyl-CoA, an essential determinant of epigenetic status in the cell. We suggest that lutein-stimulated neuronal differentiation is mediated by PI3K-dependent modulation of mitochondrial respiration and signaling, and that the consequential metabolic shifts initiate epigenetically dependent transcriptomic reprogramming in support of this morphogenesis. These observations support the potential importance of micronutrients supplementation to neurogenesis, both during normal development and in regenerative repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Xie
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sherry Ngo
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jing Rong
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Allan Sheppard
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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12
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Bauman BM, Jeong C, Savage M, Briker AL, Janigian NG, Nguyen LL, Kemmerer ZA, Eggler AL. Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde: Oxidizable phenol-generated reactive oxygen species enhance sulforaphane's antioxidant response element activation, even as they suppress Nrf2 protein accumulation. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 124:532-540. [PMID: 29969714 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor Nrf2 is a master regulator of antioxidant and cytoprotective genes, binding to antioxidant response elements (AREs) in their promoter regions. Due to the therapeutic role of the Nrf2/ARE system in oxidative homeostasis, its activation has been investigated in many pre-clinical and clinical trials for common chronic diseases. One of the most promising Nrf2 activators is sulforaphane, the subject of over 50 clinical trials. In this work, we examine the effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on sulforaphane's Nrf2/ARE activation in the non-tumorigenic keratinocyte cell line HaCaT, with the non-arylating oxidizable phenol, 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone (dtBHQ), as the source of ROS. We find that, in combination with 2.5 µM sulforaphane, dtBHQ markedly enhances ARE-regulated gene expression, including expression of the cytoprotective proteins aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C1 (AKR1C1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Additionally, sulforaphane's therapeutic window is widened by 12.5 µM dtBHQ. Our data suggest that H2O2 generated by dtBHQ oxidation is responsible for these effects, as shown by inclusion of catalase and by co-treatment with sulforaphane and H2O2. While sulforaphane treatment causes Nrf2 protein to accumulate as expected, interestingly, dtBHQ and H2O2 appear to act on targets downstream of Nrf2 protein accumulation to enhance sulforaphane's ARE-regulated gene expression. Inclusion of dtBHQ or H2O2 with sulforaphane does not increase Nrf2 protein levels, and catalase has little effect on Nrf2 protein levels in the presence of sulforaphane and dtBHQ. Surprisingly, dtBHQ suppresses Nrf2 protein synthesis. Inclusion of a superoxide dismutase mimetic with sulforaphane and dtBHQ partly rescues Nrf2 suppression and significantly further increases sulforaphane's efficacy for ARE-reporter expression. Thus, there is a "Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde" effect of ROS: ROS enhance sulforaphane's ARE-regulated gene expression even as they also inhibit Nrf2 protein synthesis. This unexpected finding reveals the degree to which targets in the ARE pathway downstream of Nrf2 protein accumulation contribute to gene expression. The results presented here provide a model system for significant enhancement of sulforaphane's potency with small molecule co-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradly M Bauman
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, United States
| | - Chang Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, United States
| | - Matthew Savage
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, United States
| | - Anna L Briker
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, United States
| | - Nicholas G Janigian
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, United States
| | - Linda L Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, United States
| | - Zachary A Kemmerer
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, United States
| | - Aimee L Eggler
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, United States.
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13
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Zhang F, Chen K, Tao H, Kang T, Xiong Q, Zeng Q, Liu Y, Jiang S, Chen M. miR-25-3p, Positively Regulated by Transcription Factor AP-2α, Regulates the Metabolism of C2C12 Cells by Targeting Akt1. Int J Mol Sci 2018. [PMID: 29518009 PMCID: PMC5877634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
miR-25, a member of the miR-106b-25 cluster, has been reported as playing an important role in many biological processes by numerous studies, while the role of miR-25 in metabolism and its transcriptional regulation mechanism remain unclear. In this study, gain-of-function and loss-of-function assays demonstrated that miR-25-3p positively regulated the metabolism of C2C12 cells by attenuating phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) gene expression and triglyceride (TG) content, and enhancing the content of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, the results from bioinformatics analysis, dual luciferase assay, site-directed mutagenesis, qRT-PCR, and Western blotting demonstrated that miR-25-3p directly targeted the AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (Akt1) 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR). The core promoter of miR-25-3p was identified, and the transcription factor activator protein-2α (AP-2α) significantly increased the expression of mature miR-25-3p by binding to its core promoter in vivo, as indicated by the chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay, and AP-2α binding also downregulated the expression of Akt1. Taken together, our findings suggest that miR-25-3p, positively regulated by the transcription factor AP-2α, enhances C2C12 cell metabolism by targeting the Akt1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China.
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Agricultural Ministry and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Kun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Agricultural Ministry and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Hu Tao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China.
| | - Tingting Kang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Agricultural Ministry and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Qi Xiong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China.
| | - Qianhui Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Agricultural Ministry and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China.
| | - Siwen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Agricultural Ministry and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Mingxin Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China.
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14
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Nrf2-Keap1 signaling in oxidative and reductive stress. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:721-733. [PMID: 29499228 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 994] [Impact Index Per Article: 165.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nrf2 and its endogenous inhibitor, Keap1, function as a ubiquitous, evolutionarily conserved intracellular defense mechanism to counteract oxidative stress. Sequestered by cytoplasmic Keap1 and targeted to proteasomal degradation in basal conditions, in case of oxidative stress Nrf2 detaches from Keap1 and translocates to the nucleus, where it heterodimerizes with one of the small Maf proteins. The heterodimers recognize the AREs, that are enhancer sequences present in the regulatory regions of Nrf2 target genes, essential for the recruitment of key factors for transcription. In the present review we briefly introduce the Nrf2-Keap1 system and describe Nrf2 functions, illustrate the Nrf2-NF-κB cross-talk, and highlight the effects of the Nrf2-Keap1 system in the physiology and pathophysiology of striated muscle tissue taking into account its role(s) in oxidative stress and reductive stress.
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15
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Cervelli M, Leonetti A, Duranti G, Sabatini S, Ceci R, Mariottini P. Skeletal Muscle Pathophysiology: The Emerging Role of Spermine Oxidase and Spermidine. Med Sci (Basel) 2018; 6:medsci6010014. [PMID: 29443878 PMCID: PMC5872171 DOI: 10.3390/medsci6010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle comprises approximately 40% of the total body mass. Preserving muscle health and function is essential for the entire body in order to counteract chronic diseases such as type II diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Prolonged physical inactivity, particularly among the elderly, causes muscle atrophy, a pathological state with adverse outcomes such as poor quality of life, physical disability, and high mortality. In murine skeletal muscle C2C12 cells, increased expression of the spermine oxidase (SMOX) enzyme has been found during cell differentiation. Notably, SMOX overexpression increases muscle fiber size, while SMOX reduction was enough to induce muscle atrophy in multiple murine models. Of note, the SMOX reaction product spermidine appears to be involved in skeletal muscle atrophy/hypertrophy. It is effective in reactivating autophagy, ameliorating the myopathic defects of collagen VI-null mice. Moreover, spermidine treatment, if combined with exercise, can affect D-gal-induced aging-related skeletal muscle atrophy. This review hypothesizes a role for SMOX during skeletal muscle differentiation and outlines its role and that of spermidine in muscle atrophy. The identification of new molecular pathways involved in the maintenance of skeletal muscle health could be beneficial in developing novel therapeutic lead compounds to treat muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Cervelli
- Department of Science, Università degli Studi di Roma "Roma Tre", 00146 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessia Leonetti
- Department of Science, Università degli Studi di Roma "Roma Tre", 00146 Rome, Italy.
| | - Guglielmo Duranti
- Department of of Movement Human and Health Sciences, Unit of Biology, Genetics and Biochemistry, Università degli Studi di Roma "Foro Italico", Piazza Lauro De Bosis 15, 00135 Rome, Italy.
| | - Stefania Sabatini
- Department of of Movement Human and Health Sciences, Unit of Biology, Genetics and Biochemistry, Università degli Studi di Roma "Foro Italico", Piazza Lauro De Bosis 15, 00135 Rome, Italy.
| | - Roberta Ceci
- Department of of Movement Human and Health Sciences, Unit of Biology, Genetics and Biochemistry, Università degli Studi di Roma "Foro Italico", Piazza Lauro De Bosis 15, 00135 Rome, Italy.
| | - Paolo Mariottini
- Department of Science, Università degli Studi di Roma "Roma Tre", 00146 Rome, Italy.
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16
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Selective effects of whey protein concentrate on glutathione levels and apoptosis in rats with mammary tumors. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 107:440-448. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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17
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Denny AP, Heather AK. Are Antioxidants a Potential Therapy for FSHD? A Review of the Literature. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:7020295. [PMID: 28690764 PMCID: PMC5485364 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7020295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is an inherited myopathy affecting approximately 1 in 7500 individuals worldwide. It is a progressive disease characterised by skeletal muscle weakness and wasting. A genetic mutation on the 4q35 chromosome results in the expression of the double homeobox 4 gene (DUX4) which drives oxidative stress, inflammation, toxicity, and atrophy within the skeletal muscle. FSHD is characterised by oxidative stress, and there is currently no cure and a lack of therapies for the disease. Antioxidants have been researched for many years, with investigators aiming to use antioxidants therapeutically for oxidative stress-associated diseases. This has included both natural and synthetic antioxidants. The use of antioxidants in preclinical or clinical models has been largely successful with a plethora of research reporting positive results. However, when translated to clinical trials, the use of antioxidants as a therapeutic intervention for a variety of disease has been largely unsuccessful. Moreover, specifically focusing on FSHD, limited research has been conducted on the use of antioxidants as a therapy in either preclinical or clinical models. This review summarises the current state of antioxidant use in the treatment of FSHD and discusses their potential avenue for therapeutic use for FSHD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Philip Denny
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Alison Kay Heather
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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18
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He C, Hart PC, Germain D, Bonini MG. SOD2 and the Mitochondrial UPR: Partners Regulating Cellular Phenotypic Transitions. Trends Biochem Sci 2016; 41:568-577. [PMID: 27180143 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ATP and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are signaling molecules that control cellular function and phenotype. Mitochondria produce both ATP and ROS. Since the electrons needed to generate either ATP or ROS originate from NADH/FADH2, the mechanism through which electrons flow towards oxygen determines yields and whether ATP or ROS prevails. Alterations in the electron flow impact cells dramatically, such as by supporting specialization (which requires high ATP) or imposing dedifferentiation. High ROS, facilitated by enzymes such as superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) that enhance mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide (mtH2O2), are normally linked to dedifferentiation of somatic cells. Here we propose that combined high mtH2O2 and mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR(mt)) activation are essential for somatic dedifferentiation programs and the acquisition of stem-like properties in reparative processes and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia He
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine of the University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine of the University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Pathology, College of Medicine of the University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Peter C Hart
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine of the University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine of the University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Pathology, College of Medicine of the University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Doris Germain
- Department of Medicine (Hematology and Medical Oncology), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Marcelo G Bonini
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine of the University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine of the University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Pathology, College of Medicine of the University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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19
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The fine tuning of metabolism, autophagy and differentiation during in vitro myogenesis. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2168. [PMID: 27031965 PMCID: PMC4823951 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Although the mechanisms controlling skeletal muscle homeostasis have been identified, there is a lack of knowledge of the integrated dynamic processes occurring during myogenesis and their regulation. Here, metabolism, autophagy and differentiation were concomitantly analyzed in mouse muscle satellite cell (MSC)-derived myoblasts and their cross-talk addressed by drug and genetic manipulation. We show that increased mitochondrial biogenesis and activation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 inactivation-independent basal autophagy characterize the conversion of myoblasts into myotubes. Notably, inhibition of autophagic flux halts cell fusion in the latest stages of differentiation and, conversely, when the fusion step of myocytes is impaired the biogenesis of autophagosomes is also impaired. By using myoblasts derived from p53 null mice, we show that in the absence of p53 glycolysis prevails and mitochondrial biogenesis is strongly impaired. P53 null myoblasts show defective terminal differentiation and attenuated basal autophagy when switched into differentiating culture conditions. In conclusion, we demonstrate that basal autophagy contributes to a correct execution of myogenesis and that physiological p53 activity is required for muscle homeostasis by regulating metabolism and by affecting autophagy and differentiation.
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20
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Kozakowska M, Pietraszek-Gremplewicz K, Jozkowicz A, Dulak J. The role of oxidative stress in skeletal muscle injury and regeneration: focus on antioxidant enzymes. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2016; 36:377-93. [PMID: 26728750 PMCID: PMC4762917 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-015-9438-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated in skeletal muscle both during the rest and contractile activity. Myogenic cells are equipped with antioxidant enzymes, like superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase and heme oxygenase-1. These enzymes not only neutralise excessive ROS, but also affect myogenic regeneration at several stages: influence post-injury inflammatory reaction, enhance viability and proliferation of muscle satellite cells and myoblasts and affect their differentiation. Finally, antioxidant enzymes regulate also processes accompanying muscle regeneration-induce angiogenesis and reduce fibrosis. Elevated ROS production was also observed in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a disease characterised by degeneration of muscle tissue and therefore-increased rate of myogenic regeneration. Antioxidant enzymes are consequently considered as target for therapies counteracting dystrophic symptoms. In this review we present current knowledge regarding the role of oxidative stress and systems of enzymatic antioxidant defence in muscular regeneration after both acute injury and persistent muscular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kozakowska
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Pietraszek-Gremplewicz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Alicja Jozkowicz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Jozef Dulak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland. .,Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
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21
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Fossati S, Giannoni P, Solesio ME, Cocklin SL, Cabrera E, Ghiso J, Rostagno A. The carbonic anhydrase inhibitor methazolamide prevents amyloid beta-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and caspase activation protecting neuronal and glial cells in vitro and in the mouse brain. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 86:29-40. [PMID: 26581638 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been recognized as an early event in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, preceding and inducing neurodegeneration and memory loss. The presence of cytochrome c (CytC) released from the mitochondria into the cytoplasm is often detected after acute or chronic neurodegenerative insults, including AD. The carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (CAI) methazolamide (MTZ) was identified among a library of drugs as an inhibitor of CytC release and proved to be neuroprotective in Huntington's disease and stroke models. Here, using neuronal and glial cell cultures, in addition to an acute model of amyloid beta (Aβ) toxicity, which replicates by intra-hippocampal injection the consequences of interstitial and cellular accumulation of Aβ, we analyzed the effects of MTZ on neuronal and glial degeneration induced by the Alzheimer's amyloid. MTZ prevented DNA fragmentation, CytC release and activation of caspase 9 and caspase 3 induced by Aβ in neuronal and glial cells in culture through the inhibition of mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide production. Moreover, intraperitoneal administration of MTZ prevented neurodegeneration induced by intra-hippocampal Aβ injection in the mouse brain and was effective at reducing caspase 3 activation in neurons and microglia in the area surrounding the injection site. Our results, delineating the molecular mechanism of action of MTZ against Aβ-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and caspase activation, and demonstrating its efficiency in a model of acute amyloid-mediated toxicity, provide the first combined in vitro and in vivo evidence supporting the potential of a new therapy employing FDA-approved CAIs in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Fossati
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States.
| | - Patrizia Giannoni
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Maria E Solesio
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Sarah L Cocklin
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Erwin Cabrera
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Jorge Ghiso
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States; Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Agueda Rostagno
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States.
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22
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Meyer SU, Krebs S, Thirion C, Blum H, Krause S, Pfaffl MW. Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Induced Modifications of the Gene Expression Kinetics of Differentiating Skeletal Muscle Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139520. [PMID: 26447881 PMCID: PMC4598026 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction TNF-α levels are increased during muscle wasting and chronic muscle degeneration and regeneration processes, which are characteristic for primary muscle disorders. Pathologically increased TNF-α levels have a negative effect on muscle cell differentiation efficiency, while IGF1 can have a positive effect; therefore, we intended to elucidate the impact of TNF-α and IGF1 on gene expression during the early stages of skeletal muscle cell differentiation. Methodology/Principal Findings This study presents gene expression data of the murine skeletal muscle cells PMI28 during myogenic differentiation or differentiation with TNF-α or IGF1 exposure at 0 h, 4 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 72 h after induction. Our study detected significant coregulation of gene sets involved in myoblast differentiation or in the response to TNF-α. Gene expression data revealed a time- and treatment-dependent regulation of signaling pathways, which are prominent in myogenic differentiation. We identified enrichment of pathways, which have not been specifically linked to myoblast differentiation such as doublecortin-like kinase pathway associations as well as enrichment of specific semaphorin isoforms. Moreover to the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of a specific inverse regulation of the following genes in myoblast differentiation and response to TNF-α: Aknad1, Cmbl, Sepp1, Ndst4, Tecrl, Unc13c, Spats2l, Lix1, Csdc2, Cpa1, Parm1, Serpinb2, Aspn, Fibin, Slc40a1, Nrk, and Mybpc1. We identified a gene subset (Nfkbia, Nfkb2, Mmp9, Mef2c, Gpx, and Pgam2), which is robustly regulated by TNF-α across independent myogenic differentiation studies. Conclusions This is the largest dataset revealing the impact of TNF-α or IGF1 treatment on gene expression kinetics of early in vitro skeletal myoblast differentiation. We identified novel mRNAs, which have not yet been associated with skeletal muscle differentiation or response to TNF-α. Results of this study may facilitate the understanding of transcriptomic networks underlying inhibited muscle differentiation in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swanhild U Meyer
- Physiology Weihenstephan, ZIEL Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Stefan Krebs
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, University of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | | | - Helmut Blum
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, University of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Sabine Krause
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Michael W Pfaffl
- Physiology Weihenstephan, ZIEL Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
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Masilamani TJ, Loiselle JJ, Sutherland LC. Assessment of reference genes for real-time quantitative PCR gene expression normalization during C2C12 and H9c2 skeletal muscle differentiation. Mol Biotechnol 2014; 56:329-39. [PMID: 24146429 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-013-9712-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle differentiation occurs during muscle development and regeneration. To initiate and maintain the differentiated state, a multitude of gene expression changes occur. Accurate assessment of these differentiation-related gene expression changes requires good quality template, but more specifically, appropriate internal controls for normalization. Two cell line-based models used for in vitro analyses of muscle differentiation incorporate mouse C2C12 and rat H9c2 cells. In this study, we set out to identify the most appropriate controls for mRNA expression normalization during C2C12 and H9c2 differentiation. We assessed the expression profiles of Actb, Gapdh, Hprt, Rps12 and Tbp during C2C12 differentiation and of Gapdh and Rps12 during H9c2 differentiation. Using NormFinder, we validated the stability of the genes individually and of the geometric mean generated from different gene combinations. We verified our results using Myogenin. Our study demonstrates that using the geometric mean of a combination of specific reference genes for normalization provides a platform for more precise test gene expression assessment during myoblast differentiation than using the absolute expression value of an individual gene and reinforces the necessity of reference gene validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Twinkle J Masilamani
- Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada,
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Goichberg P, Chang J, Liao R, Leri A. Cardiac stem cells: biology and clinical applications. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:2002-17. [PMID: 24597850 PMCID: PMC4208604 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.5875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Heart disease is the primary cause of death in the industrialized world. Cardiac failure is dictated by an uncompensated reduction in the number of viable and fully functional cardiomyocytes. While current pharmacological therapies alleviate the symptoms associated with cardiac deterioration, heart transplantation remains the only therapy for advanced heart failure. Therefore, there is a pressing need for novel therapeutic modalities. Cell-based therapies involving cardiac stem cells (CSCs) constitute a promising emerging approach for the replenishment of the lost tissue and the restoration of cardiac contractility. RECENT ADVANCES CSCs reside in the adult heart and govern myocardial homeostasis and repair after injury by producing new cardiomyocytes and vascular structures. In the last decade, different classes of immature cells expressing distinct stem cell markers have been identified and characterized in terms of their growth properties, differentiation potential, and regenerative ability. Phase I clinical trials, employing autologous CSCs in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy, are being completed with encouraging results. CRITICAL ISSUES Accumulating evidence concerning the role of CSCs in heart regeneration imposes a reconsideration of the mechanisms of cardiac aging and the etiology of heart failure. Deciphering the molecular pathways that prevent activation of CSCs in their environment and understanding the processes that affect CSC survival and regenerative function with cardiac pathologies, commonly accompanied by alterations in redox conditions, are of great clinical importance. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Further investigations of CSC biology may be translated into highly effective and novel therapeutic strategies aiming at the enhancement of the endogenous healing capacity of the diseased heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Goichberg
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
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Gordon BS, Delgado-Diaz DC, Carson J, Fayad R, Wilson LB, Kostek MC. Resveratrol improves muscle function but not oxidative capacity in young mdx mice. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2014; 92:243-51. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2013-0350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) have reduced muscle function due to chronic muscle damage, inflammation, oxidative stress, and reduced oxidative capacity. Resveratrol reduces inflammation and oxidative stress, and increases oxidative capacity in other disease models. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of resveratrol on muscle function, muscle pathology, and oxidative capacity in young mdx mice. For this, 4- to 5-week-old male mdx mice were randomized into control or resveratrol-treated groups and given resveratrol (100 mg/kg body mass) or an equal volume of water by gavage every other day for 8 weeks. Muscle function was assessed pre- and post-treatment. Central nucleation, total immune cell infiltrate, oxidative stress, and oxidative capacity were measured post-treatment. Resveratrol mediated substantial improvements in rotarod performance and in-situ peak tension by 53% and 17%, respectively, and slight improvements in central nucleation and oxidative stress. Resveratrol did not affect total immune cell infiltrate at 12 weeks of age, and had no effect on oxidative capacity. Resveratrol improves muscle function in mdx mice despite small changes in muscle pathology. The likely mechanism is a resveratrol-mediated reduction in immune cell infiltrate at the early stages of this disease, as previously reported by our laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley S. Gordon
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Physiology, Penn State University School of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Diana C. Delgado-Diaz
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- Escuela de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - James Carson
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Raja Fayad
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - L. Britt Wilson
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Matthew C. Kostek
- Department of Physical Therapy, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
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Szczesny B, Olah G, Walker DK, Volpi E, Rasmussen BB, Szabo C, Mitra S. Deficiency in repair of the mitochondrial genome sensitizes proliferating myoblasts to oxidative damage. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75201. [PMID: 24066171 PMCID: PMC3774773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), generated as a by-product of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, are particularly damaging to the genome of skeletal muscle because of their high oxygen consumption. Proliferating myoblasts play a key role during muscle regeneration by undergoing myogenic differentiation to fuse and restore damaged muscle. This process is severely impaired during aging and in muscular dystrophies. In this study, we investigated the role of oxidatively damaged DNA and its repair in the mitochondrial genome of proliferating skeletal muscle progenitor myoblasts cells and their terminally differentiated product, myotubes. Using the C2C12 cell line as a well-established model for skeletal muscle differentiation, we show that myoblasts are highly sensitive to ROS-mediated DNA damage, particularly in the mitochondrial genome, due to deficiency in 5’ end processing at the DNA strand breaks. Ectopic expression of the mitochondrial-specific 5’ exonuclease, EXOG, a key DNA base excision/single strand break repair (BER/SSBR) enzyme, in myoblasts but not in myotubes, improves the cell’s resistance to oxidative challenge. We linked loss of myoblast viability by activation of apoptosis with deficiency in the repair of the mitochondrial genome. Moreover, the process of myoblast differentiation increases mitochondrial biogenesis and the level of total glutathione. We speculate that our data may provide a mechanistic explanation for depletion of proliferating muscle precursor cells during the development of sarcopenia, and skeletal muscle dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Szczesny
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Gabor Olah
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Dillon K. Walker
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Elena Volpi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Blake B. Rasmussen
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sankar Mitra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
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Chen H, Zhang B, Yuan X, Yao Y, Zhao H, Sun X, Zheng Q. Isoliquiritigenin-induced effects on Nrf2 mediated antioxidant defence in the HL-60 cell monocytic differentiation. Cell Biol Int 2013; 37:1215-24. [PMID: 23881796 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the role of redox homeostasis in differentiation in human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60) induced by isoliquiritigenin (ISL) through modulation of the nuclear erythroid-related factor 2/antioxidant responsive element (Nrf2/ARE) pathway. Morphological changes, cell surface markers CD11b/CD14, and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT)-reducing ability were used to determine the differentiation of HL-60, and 2,7-dichlorofluorescein was used to detect the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Thiobarbituric acid test was utilised to determine the levels of malondialdehyde production in ISL-treated HL-60. The study determines and presents the redox state of the ratio of reduced/oxidised glutathione as a consequence of progression from differentiation in HL-60. Expression levels of the Nrf2/ARE downstream target genes were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase (NADPH oxidase) inhibitors, apocynin (APO), and diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) were used for the preliminary study to determine the potential downstream targets regulated by NADPH oxidase in ISL-induced HL-60 differentiation. The data showed a strong dose-response relationship between ISL exposure and the characteristics of HL-60 differentiation, namely, morphology changes, NBT reductive activities, and expression levels of surface antigens CD11b/CD14. Intercellular redox homeostasis changes toward oxidation during drug exposure are necessary to support ISL-induced differentiation. The unique expression levels of the Nrf2/ARE downstream target genes in the differentiation of HL-60 recorded a statistically significant and dose-dependent increase (P < 0.05), which were suppressed by NADPH oxidase inhibitor, APO, and DPI. ISL as a differentiation-inducing agent with mechanisms involved in the Nrf2/ARE pathway to modulate intercellular redox homeostasis, and thus, facilitate differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Chen
- Life Science School, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic Phytomedicine Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China
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28
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Carbonyl reductase 1 is an essential regulator of skeletal muscle differentiation and regeneration. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:1784-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Acharya S, Peters AM, Norton AS, Murdoch GK, Hill RA. Change in Nox4 expression is accompanied by changes in myogenic marker expression in differentiating C2C12 myoblasts. Pflugers Arch 2013; 465:1181-96. [PMID: 23503725 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-013-1241-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Myoblast differentiation is mediated by a cascade of changes in gene expression including transcription factors such as myogenin. Subsequent to myoblast differentiation, there is an increase in expression of the transmembrane protein NADPH oxidase (Nox). Nox is one of the primary factors for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in myogenic (C2C12) cells. Recently, ROS have been shown to be important regulators of several intracellular signaling pathways, and the full extent of their regulatory roles is yet to be discovered. In the present study, qRT PCR analysis demonstrated that Nox4 isoform is primarily expressed in differentiating C2C12 cells and contributes to the generation of ROS in C2C12 myoblast during differentiation. Over-expression and silencing of Nox4 expression during myoblast differentiation was accompanied by a reduction in intracellular ROS concentrations and an alteration in the expression patterns of Myf5, Pax7, MyoD1, and myogenin. This modulation was found to be associated with ERK1/2 phosphorylation. In both over-expression and reduced expression of Nox4, we found significant reductions in ERK1/2 phosphorylation. This indicates that cellular differentiation may be affected by Nox4-mediated endogenous ROS generation. These data suggest a new opportunity to study the temporal expression of Nox4 in the generation of ROS accompanying changes in myogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Acharya
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
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Tian H, Zhang B, Di J, Jiang G, Chen F, Li H, Li L, Pei D, Zheng J. Keap1: one stone kills three birds Nrf2, IKKβ and Bcl-2/Bcl-xL. Cancer Lett 2012; 325:26-34. [PMID: 22743616 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, implicated in the etiology of cancer, results from an imbalance in the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and cell's own antioxidant defenses. As a oxidative stress sensor, Keap1 functions as both an adaptor for Cul3⋅Rbx1 E3 ligase complex mediated degradation of the transcription factor Nrf2, and a master regulator of cytoprotective gene expression. Although Nrf2 is a well known substrate for Keap1, the DGR domain of Keap1 has been reported also to bind other proteins directly or indirectly. IKKβ as positive regulator of NF-κB is also destabilized by Keap1, which resulted in inhibiting NF-κB-derived tumor promotion. In addition, anti-apoptotic Bcl-2/Bcl-xL protein was identified as another substrate for the Keap1-Cul3-E3 ligase complex. Keap1 led to the repression and destabilization of Bcl-2, decreased Bcl-2:Bax heterodimers and facilitated cancer cells apoptosis. Given that Keap1 might function as a tumor suppressor protein to mitigate tumor progression, the different kinds of Keap1 somatic mutations were detected in numerous cancer cells. Therefore, it is important to understand the Keap1-involved signaling cascades. This review primarily focuses on the prevention of tumorigenesis role of Keap1 through negative regulation of three substrates Nrf2, IKKβ and Bcl-2/Bcl-xL, with emphasis on the recent findings indicating the cancer guarder function of Keap1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tian
- Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
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31
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Fischer T, Sudbrock F, Pomplun E, Kriehuber R, Winkler J, Matzkies M, Dellweg A, Dietlein M, Arnhold S, Royer HD, Schicha H, Hescheler J, Schomäcker K. Cellular response on Auger- and Beta-emitting nuclides: human embryonic stem cells (hESC) vs. keratinocytes. Int J Radiat Biol 2012; 88:961-71. [PMID: 22494164 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2012.683510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We studied the response of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) to the β-emitter (131)I, which affects the entire cell and to the Auger electron emitter (125)I-deoxyuridine ((125)I-dU), primarily affecting the deoxyribonuleic acid (DNA). The effects were also studied in keratinocytes as a prototype for somatic cells. METHODS HESC (H1) and human keratinocytes (HaCaT, human) were exposed to (125)I-dU (5 × 10(-5) - 5 MBq/ml) and (131)I-iodide (5 × 10(-5) - 12.5 MBq/ml) and apoptosis was measured by DNA-fragmentation. Cell morphology was studied by light microscopy and electron microscopy. Transcriptional profiling was done on the Agilent oligonucleotide microarray platform. RESULTS Auger-process induced no apoptosis but a strong transcriptional response in hESC. In contrast, HaCaT cells showed a pronounced induction of apoptosis but only a moderate transcriptional response. Transcriptional response of hESC was similar after (125)I-dU and (131)I treatments, whereas HaCaT cells expressed a much more pronounced response to (125)I-dU than to (131)I. A striking radiation-induced down-regulation of pluripotency genes was observed in hESC whereas in keratinocytes the enriched gene annotations were related primarily to apoptosis, cell division and proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Human embryonic stem cells respond to ionizing radiation by (125)I-dU and (131)I in a different way compared to keratinocytes. Transcriptional response and gene expression appear to facilitate an escape from programmed cell death by striking a new path which probably leads to cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Fischer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany
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Won H, Lim S, Jang M, Kim Y, Rashid MA, Jyothi KR, Dashdorj A, Kang I, Ha J, Kim SS, Ha H. Peroxiredoxin-2 upregulated by NF-κB attenuates oxidative stress during the differentiation of muscle-derived C2C12 cells. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 16:245-61. [PMID: 21902453 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.3952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM Many studies have reported that the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increases during the differentiation of muscle-derived C2C12 cells. Peroxiredoxin-2 (Prx-2) is an abundant mammalian enzyme that protects against oxidative stress. However, the role of Prx-2 in muscle differentiation has not been investigated. RESULTS In this study, we demonstrated that Prx-2 expression increases during muscle differentiation and regeneration in response to exogenous H(2)O(2). This increase occurs only in myoblast cell lines because no increase in Prx-2 expression was observed in the NIH3T3, MEF, Chang, or HEK293 cell lines. The antioxidants, N-acetyl L-cysteine (NAC) and 4,5-dihydroxy-1,3-benzenedisulfonic acid (Tiron), both suppressed myogenesis and Prx-2 expression. Moreover, Prx-2 was upregulated at the transcriptional level by NF-κB during the differentiation of muscle-derived C2C12 cells. We also found that inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) blocks NF-κB activation and suppresses Prx-2 expression. Interestingly, Prx-2 knockdown increased the expression levels of other antioxidant enzymes, including all of the other Prx family member, thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) and catalase, but also enhanced the accumulation of endogenous ROS during muscle differentiation. INNOVATION In this study, we demonstrated for the first time that Prx-2 is unregulated during the muscle differentiation and regeneration. CONCLUSION Prx-2 is upregulated via the PI3K/NF-κB pathway and attenuates oxidative stress during muscle differentiation and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeran Won
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (BK21 project), Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Langston W, Li W, Harrison L, Aw TY. Activation of promoter activity of the catalytic subunit of γ-glutamylcysteine ligase (GCL) in brain endothelial cells by insulin requires antioxidant response element 4 and altered glycemic status: implication for GCL expression and GSH synthesis. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:1749-57. [PMID: 21871559 PMCID: PMC3188337 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Our recent finding that insulin increased the expression of the glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLc) with coincident increases in GCL activity and cellular glutathione (GSH) in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (IHECs) suggests a role for insulin in vascular GSH maintenance. Here, using IHECs stably transfected with promoter-luciferase reporter vectors, we found that insulin increased GCLc promoter activity, which required a prerequisite increase or decrease in medium glucose. An intact antioxidant response element-4 was essential for promoter activation, which was attenuated by inhibitors of PI3-kinase/Akt/mTOR signaling. Interestingly, only under low-glucose conditions did promoter activation correlate with increased GCLc expression and GSH synthesis. Low tert-butylhydroperoxide (tBH) concentrations similarly mediated promoter activation, but the maximal activation dose was decreased 10-fold by insulin. Insulin-tBH coadministration abrogated the low or high glucose requirement for promoter activation, suggesting possible ROS involvement. ROS production was elevated at low glucose without or with insulin; however, GSH increases were not inhibited by tempol, suggesting that ROS did not achieve the threshold for driving GCLc promoter activation and de novo GSH synthesis. The minor effect of pyruvate also ruled out a major role for hypoglycemia (±insulin)-induced metabolic stress on GSH induction under these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tak Yee Aw
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology LSU Health Sciences Center 1501 Kings Highway Shreveport, LA 71130-3932 Tel: +1 318 675 6032 Fax: +1 318 675 6005
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Brewer AC, Murray TVA, Arno M, Zhang M, Anilkumar NP, Mann GE, Shah AM. Nox4 regulates Nrf2 and glutathione redox in cardiomyocytes in vivo. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:205-15. [PMID: 21554947 PMCID: PMC3112490 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
NADPH oxidase-4 (Nox4) is an important modulator of redox signaling that is inducible at the level of transcriptional expression in multiple cell types. By contrast to other Nox enzymes, Nox4 is continuously active without requiring stimulation. We reported recently that expression of Nox4 is induced in the adult heart as an adaptive stress response to pathophysiological insult. To elucidate the potential downstream target(s) regulated by Nox4, we performed a microarray screen to assess the transcriptomes of transgenic (tg) mouse hearts in which Nox4 was overexpressed. The screen revealed a significant increase in the expression of many antioxidant and detoxifying genes regulated by Nrf2 in tg compared to wild-type (wt) mouse hearts, and this finding was subsequently confirmed by Q-PCR. Expression of glutathione biosynthetic and recycling enzymes was increased in tg hearts and associated with higher levels of both GSH and the ratio of reduced:oxidised GSH, compared to wt hearts. The increases in expression of the antioxidant genes and the changes in glutathione redox effected by Nox4 were ablated in an Nrf2-null genetic background. These data therefore demonstrate that Nox4 can activate the Nrf2-regulated pathway, and suggest a potential role for Nox4 in the regulation of GSH redox in cardiomyocytes.
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Key Words
- nadph, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- nrf2, nf-e2-related factor 2
- q-pcr, quantitative polymerase chain reaction
- er, endoplasmic reticulum
- eb, embryoid body
- αmhc, α myosin heavy chain
- βmhc, β myosin heavy chain
- mlc2v, myosin regulatory light chain 2
- rt, reverse transcriptase
- dtt, dithiothreitol
- page, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- ecl, enhanced chemiluminescence
- pbs, phosphate-buffered saline
- pvdf, polyvinylidene difluoride
- sem, standard error of the mean
- elisa, enzyme-linked immunosorbent serologic assay
- nox4
- nrf2
- cardiomyocytes
- glutathione
- reactive oxygen species
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison C Brewer
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, London, UK.
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35
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Wang H, Yang YJ, Qian HY, Zhang Q, Xu H, Li JJ. Resveratrol in cardiovascular disease: what is known from current research? Heart Fail Rev 2011; 17:437-48. [PMID: 21688187 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-011-9260-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Antioxidant enzymes induced by repeated intake of excess energy in the form of high-fat, high-carbohydrate meals are not sufficient to block oxidative stress in healthy lean individuals. Br J Nutr 2011; 106:1544-51. [PMID: 21676280 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511002091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that high-fat, high-carbohydrate (HFHC) meals increase oxidative stress and inflammation. We examined whether repeated intake of excess energy in the form of HFHC meals alters reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and the expression levels of antioxidant enzymes and mitochondrial proteins in mononuclear cells, and to determine whether this is associated with insulin resistance. We recruited healthy lean individuals (n 10). The individuals were divided into two groups: one group (n 5) ingested 10878·4 kJ/d (2600 kcal/d; 55-70 % carbohydrate, 9·5-16 % fat, 7-20 % protein) recommended by the Dietary Reference Intake for Koreans for 4 d and the other group (n 5) ingested a HFHC meal containing 14 644 kJ/d (3500 kcal/d). Then, measurements of blood insulin and glucose levels, together with suppressor of cytokine signalling-3 (SOCS-3) expression levels, were performed in both groups. Also, cellular and mitochondrial ROS levels as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured. Expression levels of cytosolic and mitochondrial antioxidant enzymes, and mitochondrial complex proteins were analysed. Repeated intake of HFHC meals induced an increase in homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), together with an increase in SOCS-3 expression levels. While a single intake of the HFHC meal increased cytosolic and mitochondrial ROS, repeated intake of HFHC meals reduced them and increased the levels of MDA, cytosolic and mitochondrial antioxidant enzymes, and several mitochondrial complex proteins. Repeated intake of HFHC meals induced cellular antioxidant mechanisms, which in turn increased lipid peroxidation (MDA) and SOCS-3 expression levels, induced hyperinsulinaemia and increased HOMA-IR, an index of insulin resistance. In conclusion, excess energy added to a diet can generate detrimental effects in a short period.
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Mitochondrial H2O2 generated from electron transport chain complex I stimulates muscle differentiation. Cell Res 2011; 21:817-34. [PMID: 21445095 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2011.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) have been considered detrimental to cells. However, their physiological roles as signaling mediators have not been thoroughly explored. Here, we investigated whether mROS generated from mitochondrial electron transport chain (mETC) complex I stimulated muscle differentiation. Our results showed that the quantity of mROS was increased and that manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) was induced via NF-κB activation during muscle differentiation. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants (MitoQ and MitoTEMPOL) and mitochondria-targeted catalase decreased mROS quantity and suppressed muscle differentiation without affecting the amount of ATP. Mitochondrial alterations, including the induction of mitochondrial transcription factor A and an increase in the number and size of mitochondria, and functional activations were observed during muscle differentiation. In particular, increased expression levels of mETC complex I subunits and a higher activity of complex I than other complexes were observed. Rotenone, an inhibitor of mETC complex I, decreased the mitochondrial NADH/NAD(+) ratio and mROS levels during muscle differentiation. The inhibition of complex I using small interfering RNAs and rotenone reduced mROS levels, suppressed muscle differentiation, and depleted ATP levels with a concomitant increase in glycolysis. From these results, we conclude that complex I-derived O(2)·(-), produced through reverse electron transport due to enhanced metabolism and a high activity of complex I, was dismutated into H(2)O(2) by MnSOD induced via NF-κB activation and that the dismutated mH(2)O(2) stimulated muscle differentiation as a signaling messenger.
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Gurusamy N, Ray D, Lekli I, Das DK. Red wine antioxidant resveratrol-modified cardiac stem cells regenerate infarcted myocardium. J Cell Mol Med 2011; 14:2235-9. [PMID: 20716127 PMCID: PMC3822562 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2010.01140.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the efficiency of maintaining the reduced tissue environment via pre-treatment with natural antioxidant resveratrol in stem cell therapy, we pre-treated male Sprague-Dawley rats with resveratrol (2.5 mg/kg/day gavaged for 2 weeks). After occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), adult cardiac stem cells stably expressing EGFP were injected into the border zone of the myocardium. One week after the LAD occlusion, the cardiac reduced environment was confirmed in resveratrol-treated rat hearts by the enhanced expression of nuclear factor-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) and redox effector factor-1 (Ref-1). In concert, cardiac functional parameters (left ventricular ejection fraction and fractional shortening) were significantly improved. The improvement of cardiac function was accompanied by the enhanced stem cell survival and proliferation as demonstrated by the expression of cell proliferation marker Ki67 and differentiation of stem cells towards the regeneration of the myocardium as demonstrated by the enhanced expression of EGFP 28 days after LAD occlusion in the resveratrol-treated hearts. Our results demonstrate that resveratrol maintained a reduced tissue environment by overexpressing Nrf2 and Ref-1 in rats resulting in an enhancement of the cardiac regeneration of the adult cardiac stem cells as demonstrated by increased cell survival and differentiation leading to cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narasimman Gurusamy
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030-1110, USA
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Krance SM, Keng PC, Palis J, Ballatori N. Transient glutathione depletion determines terminal differentiation in HL-60 cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2010; 3:53-60. [PMID: 20716928 PMCID: PMC2835889 DOI: 10.4161/oxim.3.1.10405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To better define the role of glutathione (GSH) in cell differentiation, the present study measured GSH concentrations during terminal HL-60 cell differentiation, in the presence and absence of differentiation-inducing agents, and in the presence and absence of GSH altering agents. Interestingly, there was a small transient increase in intracellular GSH levels during dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD3) induced differentiation. This increase coincided with an increase in nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction capacity, a measure of superoxide anion production, but there was no apparent change in the GSH/glutathione disulfide (GSSG) ratio. Surprisingly, treatment of cells with low doses of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB; 5 µM) or diethylmaleate (DEM; 0.5 mM), which transiently deplete GSH levels to about 40% of control levels, resulted in enhanced differentiation of HL-60 cells exposed to VD3 or all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), as well as under un-induced conditions (i.e., spontaneous differentiation). Enhanced differentiation occurred when cells were treated with the GSH-depleting agents 4 hours after treatment with differentiation inducers. These findings indicate that intracellular GSH levels are regulated in a complex fashion during HL-60 cell differentiation, and that transient GSH depletion using low doses of CDNB and DEM enhances the differentiation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Krance
- University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York, USA
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Acharya A, Das I, Chandhok D, Saha T. Redox regulation in cancer: a double-edged sword with therapeutic potential. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2010; 3:23-34. [PMID: 20716925 PMCID: PMC2835886 DOI: 10.4161/oxim.3.1.10095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, implicated in the etiology of cancer, results from an imbalance in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell’s own antioxidant defenses. ROS deregulate the redox homeostasis and promote tumor formation by initiating an aberrant induction of signaling networks that cause tumorigenesis. Ultraviolet (UV) exposures, γ-radiation and other environmental carcinogens generate ROS in the cells, which can exert apoptosis in the tumors, thereby killing the malignant cells or induce the progression of the cancer growth by blocking cellular defense system. Cancer stem cells take the advantage of the aberrant redox system and spontaneously proliferate. Oxidative stress and gene-environment interactions play a significant role in the development of breast, prostate, pancreatic and colon cancer. Prolonged lifetime exposure to estrogen is associated with several kinds of DNA damage. Oxidative stress and estrogen receptor-associated proliferative changes are suggested to play important roles in estrogen-induced breast carcinogenesis. BRCA1, a tumor suppressor against hormone responsive cancers such as breast and prostate cancer, plays a significant role in inhibiting ROS and estrogen mediated DNA damage; thereby regulate the redox homeostasis of the cells. Several transcription factors and tumor suppressors are involved during stress response such as Nrf2, NFκB and BRCA1. A promising strategy for targeting redox status of the cells is to use readily available natural substances from vegetables, fruits, herbs and spices. Many of the phytochemicals have already been identified to have chemopreventive potential, capable of intervening in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Acharya
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Pre Clinical Science, Washington DC, USA.
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Redox imbalance influence in the myocardial Akt activation in aged rats treated with DHEA. Exp Gerontol 2010; 45:957-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2010.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Revised: 08/16/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Safdar A, deBeer J, Tarnopolsky MA. Dysfunctional Nrf2-Keap1 redox signaling in skeletal muscle of the sedentary old. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 49:1487-93. [PMID: 20708680 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2010] [Revised: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The role of nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) redox signaling has not been characterized in human skeletal muscle despite an extensive delineation of oxidative stress in the etiology of aging and sarcopenia. We assessed whether the age-associated decline in antioxidant response is due, at least in part, to dysfunction in Nrf2-Keap1 redox signaling. We also evaluated whether an active lifestyle can conserve skeletal muscle cellular redox status via activation of Nrf2-Keap1 signaling. Here we show that a recreationally active lifestyle is associated with the activation of upstream modulators that induce the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response cascade in skeletal muscle of the elderly. Conversely, a sedentary lifestyle is negatively associated with these adaptations mainly because of dysregulation of Nrf2-Keap1 redox signaling that renders the intracellular environment prone to reactive oxygen species-mediated toxicity. Our results indicate that an active lifestyle is an important determinant of cellular redox status. We propose that the metabolic induction of Nrf2-Keap1 redox signaling promises to be a viable therapy for attenuating oxidative stress-mediated damage in skeletal muscle associated with physical inactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeel Safdar
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
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Abstract
The transcription factor NF-E2-related factor (NRF2) is a key regulator of several enzymatic pathways, including cytoprotective enzymes in highly metabolic organs. In this review, we summarize the ongoing research related to NRF2 activity in cancer development, focusing on in vivo studies using NRF2 knockout (KO) mice, which have helped in defining the crucial role of NRF2 in chemoprevention. The lower cancer protection observed in NRF2 KO mice under calorie restriction (CR) suggests that most of the beneficial effects of CR on the carcinogenesis process are likely mediated by NRF2. We propose that future interventions in cancer treatment would be carried out through the activation of NRF2 in somatic cells, which will lead to a delay or prevention of the onset of some forms of human cancers, and subsequently an extension of health- and lifespan.
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Proto-oncogenic H-Ras, K-Ras, and N-Ras are involved in muscle differentiation via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Cell Res 2010; 20:919-34. [DOI: 10.1038/cr.2010.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Marí M, Colell A, Morales A, von Montfort C, Garcia-Ruiz C, Fernández-Checa JC. Redox control of liver function in health and disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2010; 12:1295-331. [PMID: 19803748 PMCID: PMC2864660 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.2634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), a heterogeneous population of biologically active intermediates, are generated as by-products of the aerobic metabolism and exhibit a dual role in biology. When produced in controlled conditions and in limited quantities, ROS may function as signaling intermediates, contributing to critical cellular functions such as proliferation, differentiation, and cell survival. However, ROS overgeneration and, particularly, the formation of specific reactive species, inflicts cell death and tissue damage by targeting vital cellular components such as DNA, lipids, and proteins, thus arising as key players in disease pathogenesis. Given the predominant role of hepatocytes in biotransformation and metabolism of xenobiotics, ROS production constitutes an important burden in liver physiology and pathophysiology and hence in the progression of liver diseases. Despite the recognized role of ROS in disease pathogenesis, the efficacy of antioxidants as therapeutics has been limited. A better understanding of the mechanisms, nature, and location of ROS generation, as well as the optimization of cellular defense strategies, may pave the way for a brighter future for antioxidants and ROS scavengers in the therapy of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Marí
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS-CIBEK, CIBEREHD, and Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, IIBB-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
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Pardo M, Tirosh O. Protective signalling effect of manganese superoxide dismutase in hypoxia-reoxygenation of hepatocytes. Free Radic Res 2010; 43:1225-39. [PMID: 19905985 DOI: 10.3109/10715760903271256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the mechanism by which MnSOD exerts its protective effect in hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) injury in hepatocytes. Following induction of H/R, MnSOD expression and activity levels increased and remained high for over 24 h. Hepatocytes silenced for MnSOD (siMnSOD) demonstrated increased susceptibility to H/R-induced apoptotic cell death and a lower capacity to generate mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Microarray and real time PCR analysis of gene expression from siMnSOD cells revealed a number of down-regulated protective genes, including hemeoxygenase-1, glutamate-cysteine ligase and Nrf2, a master regulator of cellular adaptation to stress. Decreased Nrf2 protein expression and nuclear translocation were also confirmed in siMnSOD cells. siMnSOD cells showed low glutathione (GSH) content with no oxidation to GSSG, lower lipid peroxidation levels than their controls and lower mitochondrial membrane potential, which all were even more salient after H/R. Therefore, MnSOD appears to act as a signalling mediator for the activation of survival genes following H/R injury in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Pardo
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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van Lent PLEM, Hofkens W, Blom AB, Grevers L, Sloetjes A, Takahashi N, van Tits LJ, Vogl T, Roth J, de Winther MP, van den Berg WB. Scavenger receptor class A type I/II determines matrix metalloproteinase-mediated cartilage destruction and chondrocyte death in antigen-induced arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 60:2954-65. [DOI: 10.1002/art.24908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Lutgendorff F, Nijmeijer RM, Sandström PA, Trulsson LM, Magnusson KE, Timmerman HM, van Minnen LP, Rijkers GT, Gooszen HG, Akkermans LMA, Söderholm JD. Probiotics prevent intestinal barrier dysfunction in acute pancreatitis in rats via induction of ileal mucosal glutathione biosynthesis. PLoS One 2009; 4:e4512. [PMID: 19223985 PMCID: PMC2639703 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2008] [Accepted: 01/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During acute pancreatitis (AP), oxidative stress contributes to intestinal barrier failure. We studied actions of multispecies probiotics on barrier dysfunction and oxidative stress in experimental AP. Methodology/Principal Findings Fifty-three male Spraque-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into five groups: 1) controls, non-operated, 2) sham-operated, 3) AP, 4) AP and probiotics and 5) AP and placebo. AP was induced by intraductal glycodeoxycholate infusion and intravenous cerulein (6 h). Daily probiotics or placebo were administered intragastrically, starting five days prior to AP. After cerulein infusion, ileal mucosa was collected for measurements of E. coli K12 and 51Cr-EDTA passage in Ussing chambers. Tight junction proteins were investigated by confocal immunofluorescence imaging. Ileal mucosal apoptosis, lipid peroxidation, and glutathione levels were determined and glutamate-cysteine-ligase activity and expression were quantified. AP-induced barrier dysfunction was characterized by epithelial cell apoptosis and alterations of tight junction proteins (i.e. disruption of occludin and claudin-1 and up-regulation of claudin-2) and correlated with lipid peroxidation (r>0.8). Probiotic pre-treatment diminished the AP-induced increase in E. coli passage (probiotics 57.4±33.5 vs. placebo 223.7±93.7 a.u.; P<0.001), 51Cr-EDTA flux (16.7±10.1 vs. 32.1±10.0 cm/s10−6; P<0.005), apoptosis, lipid peroxidation (0.42±0.13 vs. 1.62±0.53 pmol MDA/mg protein; P<0.001), and prevented tight junction protein disruption. AP-induced decline in glutathione was not only prevented (14.33±1.47 vs. 8.82±1.30 nmol/mg protein, P<0.001), but probiotics even increased mucosal glutathione compared with sham rats (14.33±1.47 vs. 10.70±1.74 nmol/mg protein, P<0.001). Glutamate-cysteine-ligase activity, which is rate-limiting in glutathione biosynthesis, was enhanced in probiotic pre-treated animals (probiotics 2.88±1.21 vs. placebo 1.94±0.55 nmol/min/mg protein; P<0.05) coinciding with an increase in mRNA expression of glutamate-cysteine-ligase catalytic (GCLc) and modifier (GCLm) subunits. Conclusions Probiotic pre-treatment diminished AP-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction and prevented oxidative stress via mechanisms mainly involving mucosal glutathione biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke Lutgendorff
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Surgery, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Gastrointestinal Research Unit, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rian M. Nijmeijer
- Gastrointestinal Research Unit, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Per A. Sandström
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Surgery, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lena M. Trulsson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Surgery, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Karl-Eric Magnusson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Medical Microbiology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Harro M. Timmerman
- Gastrointestinal Research Unit, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - L. Paul van Minnen
- Gastrointestinal Research Unit, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ger T. Rijkers
- Gastrointestinal Research Unit, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hein G. Gooszen
- Gastrointestinal Research Unit, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Louis M. A. Akkermans
- Gastrointestinal Research Unit, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Johan D. Söderholm
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Surgery, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Marchan R, Hammond CL, Ballatori N. Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 as a major mediator of basal and apoptotic glutathione release. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2008; 1778:2413-20. [PMID: 18621020 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2008.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2008] [Revised: 06/16/2008] [Accepted: 06/17/2008] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The proteins responsible for reduced glutathione (GSH) export under both basal conditions and in cells undergoing apoptosis have not yet been identified, although recent studies implicate some members of the multidrug resistance-associated protein family (MRP/ABCC) in this process. To examine the role of MRP1 in GSH release, the present study measured basal and apoptotic GSH efflux in HEK293 cells stably transfected with human MRP1. MRP1-overexpressing cells had lower intracellular GSH levels and higher levels of GSH release, under both basal conditions and after apoptosis was induced with either Fas antibody or staurosporine. Despite the enhanced GSH efflux in MRP1-overexpressing cells, intracellular GSH levels were not further depleted when cells were treated with Fas antibody or staurosporine, suggesting an increase in GSH synthesis. MRP1-overexpressing cells were also less susceptible to apoptosis, suggesting that the stable intracellular GSH levels may have protected cells from death. Overall, these results demonstrate that basal and apoptotic GSH release are markedly enhanced in cells overexpressing MRP1, suggesting that MRP1 plays a key role in these processes. The enhanced GSH release, with a concurrent decrease of intracellular GSH, appears to be necessary for the progression of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemarie Marchan
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Box EHSC, University of Rochester School of Medicine, 575 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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