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Piemontese C, Stabile M, Di Bella C, Scardia A, Vicenti C, Acquafredda C, Crovace A, Lacitignola L, Staffieri F. The incidence of hypoxemia in dogs recovering from general anesthesia detected with pulse-oximetry and related risk factors. Vet J 2024; 305:106135. [PMID: 38750813 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The postoperative period is critical for the development of complications, including hypoxemia. To detect hypoxemia early and provide appropriate care, continuous monitoring of saturation is necessary: pulse oximetry is an easily accessible and simple method for this purpose. However, a SpO2 cut-off value to detect hypoxemia in dogs recovering from general anesthesia is lacking in the veterinary literature. The objectives of this clinical study are to validate the room air SpO2 test (SpAT), to identify a cut-off value to discriminate hypoxemia (Phase 1), and to apply the SpAT to study the incidence of transient postoperative hypoxemia (TPH) (Phase 2) in dogs with healthy lungs recovering from general anesthesia. Phase 1: 87 dogs recovering from general anesthesia with an arterial line were included. After extubation, SpAT was performed simultaneously with arterial blood sampling. A PaO2 < 80 mmHg was considered hypoxemia. Phase 2: 654 dogs were enrolled. They underwent general anesthesia with different ventilation settings for different procedures. After extubation, dogs were classified as hypoxemic if the SpO2 was lower than the cut-off obtained in phase 1. Phase 1 showed that the SpO2 cut-off is < 95% (sensitivity 100%, specificity 97.4%; area under the curve, AUC = 0.996; 95% Confidence Interval = 0.944-1; P<0.0001). In Phase 2, 169 dogs were hypoxemic. Body Condition Score (BCS) > 3/5, dorsal recumbency, FiO2 1, absence of Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) had a significant odds ratio to induce TPH (5.8, 1.9, 3.7, 1.7, respectively). These results showed that SpO2 < 95% indicates PaO2 < 80 mmHg in dogs and TPH occurs in up to 28% of cases. Identification of associated risks could be useful to prevent and to increase awareness for monitoring and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Piemontese
- Section of Veterinary Clinics and Animal Production, DiMePRe-J, University of Bari, Bari 70123, Italy; Ph.D. Course in "Tissues and Organs Transplantations and Cellular Therapies", DiMePRe-J, University of Bari, Bari 70121, Italy
| | - M Stabile
- Section of Veterinary Clinics and Animal Production, DiMePRe-J, University of Bari, Bari 70123, Italy
| | - C Di Bella
- School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica 62024, Italy
| | - A Scardia
- Section of Veterinary Clinics and Animal Production, DiMePRe-J, University of Bari, Bari 70123, Italy; Ph.D. Course in "Tissues and Organs Transplantations and Cellular Therapies", DiMePRe-J, University of Bari, Bari 70121, Italy
| | - C Vicenti
- Section of Veterinary Clinics and Animal Production, DiMePRe-J, University of Bari, Bari 70123, Italy; Ph.D. Course in "Tissues and Organs Transplantations and Cellular Therapies", DiMePRe-J, University of Bari, Bari 70121, Italy
| | - C Acquafredda
- Section of Veterinary Clinics and Animal Production, DiMePRe-J, University of Bari, Bari 70123, Italy; Ph.D. Course in "Tissues and Organs Transplantations and Cellular Therapies", DiMePRe-J, University of Bari, Bari 70121, Italy
| | - A Crovace
- Section of Veterinary Clinics and Animal Production, DiMePRe-J, University of Bari, Bari 70123, Italy
| | - L Lacitignola
- Section of Veterinary Clinics and Animal Production, DiMePRe-J, University of Bari, Bari 70123, Italy.
| | - F Staffieri
- Section of Veterinary Clinics and Animal Production, DiMePRe-J, University of Bari, Bari 70123, Italy.
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Zanusso F, De Benedictis GM, Bellini L. Exploring oxygen reserve index for timely detection of deoxygenation in canine patients recovering from anesthesia. Res Vet Sci 2024; 173:105268. [PMID: 38631076 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Pulse oximetry (SpO2) identifies a decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) when it falls below 80 mmHg, while oxygen reserve index (ORi), a dimensionless index ranging from 0 to 1, detects PaO2 changes between 100 and 200 mmHg. This study investigates the usefulness of ORi in detecting impending deoxygenation before traditional SpO2. Fifty-one dogs undergoing anesthesia were mechanically ventilated maintaining a fraction of inspired oxygen of 0.50 and an ORi of 1. Animals were classified according to their body condition score (BCS) as normal-fit (BCS 4-5/9), overweight (BCS 6-7/9), or obese (BCS 8-9/9). At the end of the procedure, dogs were placed in sternal recumbency, and after 10 min disconnected from the ventilator and maintained in apnea. ORi added warning time was determined at various ORi values as the time difference in reaching SpO2 of 95% from ORi of 0.9 and 0.5, compared to the SpO2 warning time from SpO2 of 98%. During apnea, ORi decreased before noticeable SpO2 changes. An ORi of 0.9 anticipated an SpO2 of 95% in normal-fit dogs by 87 (33-212) [median (range)] seconds or in those with a BCS ≥ 6/9 by 49 (7-161) seconds. Regardless of the BCS class, the median time from ORi of 0.5 to SpO2 of 95% was 30-35 s. ORi declined from 0.9 to 0.0 in 68 compared to 33 s between normal-fit and obese dogs (p < 0.05). In dogs, ORi added warning time could facilitate timely intervention, particularly in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Zanusso
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health, School of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Padova, Legnaro 35020, Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Maria De Benedictis
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health, School of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Padova, Legnaro 35020, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Bellini
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health, School of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Padova, Legnaro 35020, Padova, Italy.
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Vendramini THA, Macedo HT, Amaral AR, Zafalon RVA, Carmo AAD, Cesar CGL, Marchi PH, Balieiro JCDC, Brunetto MA. What Is the Cost of Weight Loss? An Approach to Commercial (Dry and Wet) and Homemade Diets. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:679. [PMID: 38473064 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In the context of the rising prevalence of obesity among pets, this study aimed to assess the economic aspects of weight reduction protocols for dogs and cats, considering the lack of information and the varying costs of commercial and homemade diets. The results indicated an average weekly weight loss rate of 1.02% for dogs and 0.92% for cats, with a reduction in body fat mass (p < 0.005). The cost analysis included an evaluation of both dry and wet commercial prescription diets as well as homemade diets. The results unveiled higher expenses associated to wet commercial diets, followed by homemade and dry commercial diets (p < 0.001). The study demonstrated that despite the initial investment, the long-term benefits of weight loss, including improved health and reduced financial burdens for owners, justify the expenses incurred. This comprehensive analysis provides veterinarians and pet owners with valuable insights into the economic considerations of weight reduction protocols, facilitating informed decision making and promoting pet well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Henrique Annibale Vendramini
- Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN Pet), Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
- Veterinary Nutrology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Henrique Tobaro Macedo
- Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN Pet), Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Andressa Rodrigues Amaral
- Veterinary Nutrology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Rafael Vessecchi Amorim Zafalon
- Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN Pet), Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Adrielly Aparecida do Carmo
- Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN Pet), Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Cinthia Gonçalves Lenz Cesar
- Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN Pet), Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Marchi
- Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN Pet), Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Júlio Cesar de Carvalho Balieiro
- Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN Pet), Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
- Veterinary Nutrology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Marcio Antonio Brunetto
- Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN Pet), Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
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Kim H, Seo J, Park T, Seo K, Cho HW, Chun JL, Kim KH. Obese dogs exhibit different fecal microbiome and specific microbial networks compared with normal weight dogs. Sci Rep 2023; 13:723. [PMID: 36639715 PMCID: PMC9839755 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27846-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine obesity is a major health concern that predisposes dogs to various disorders. The fecal microbiome has been attracting attention because of their impact on energy efficiency and metabolic disorders of host. However, little is known about specific microbial interactions, and how these may be affected by obesity in dogs. The objective of this study was to investigate the differences in fecal microbiome and specific microbial networks between obese and normal dogs. A total of 20 beagle dogs (males = 12, body weight [BW]: 10.5 ± 1.08 kg; females = 8, BW: 11.3 ± 1.71 kg; all 2-year-old) were fed to meet the maintenance energy requirements for 18 weeks. Then, 12 beagle dogs were selected based on body condition score (BCS) and divided into two groups: high BCS group (HBCS; BCS range: 7-9, males = 4, females = 2) and normal BCS group (NBCS; BCS range: 4-6, males = 4, females = 2). In the final week of the experiment, fecal samples were collected directly from the rectum, before breakfast, for analyzing the fecal microbiome using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The HBCS group had a significantly higher final BW than the NBCS group (P < 0.01). The relative abundances of Faecalibacterium, Phascolarctobacterium, Megamonas, Bacteroides, Mucispirillum, and an unclassified genus within Ruminococcaceae were significantly higher in the HBCS group than those in the NBCS group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, some Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) modules related to amino acid biosynthesis and B vitamins biosynthesis were enriched in the HBCS group (P < 0.10), whereas those related to carbohydrate metabolism were enriched in the NBCS group (P < 0.10). Microbial network analysis revealed distinct co-occurrence and mutually exclusive interactions between the HBCS and NBCS groups. In conclusion, several genera related to short-chain fatty acid production were enriched in the HBCS group. The enriched KEGG modules in the HBCS group enhanced energy efficiency through cross-feeding between auxotrophs and prototrophs. However, further studies are needed to investigate how specific networks can be interpreted in the context of fermentation characteristics in the lower gut and obesity in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbeen Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Jakyeom Seo
- Department of Animal Science, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Tansol Park
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-Do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Kangmin Seo
- Animal Welfare Research Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju-gun, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Cho
- Animal Welfare Research Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju-gun, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Lan Chun
- Animal Welfare Research Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju-gun, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- Animal Welfare Research Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju-gun, 55365, Republic of Korea.
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Montoya M, Morrison JA, Arrignon F, Spofford N, Charles H, Hours MA, Biourge V. Life expectancy tables for dogs and cats derived from clinical data. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1082102. [PMID: 36896289 PMCID: PMC9989186 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1082102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
There are few recent and methodologically robust life expectancy (LE) tables for dogs or cats. This study aimed to generate LE tables for these species with clinical records from >1,000 Banfield Pet hospitals in the USA. Using Sullivan's method, LE tables were generated across survey years 2013-2019, by survey year, and for subpopulations defined by sex, adult body size group (purebred dogs only: toy, small, medium, large and giant), and median body condition score (BCS) over life. The deceased population for each survey year comprised animals with a recorded date of death in that year; survivors had no death date in that year and were confirmed living by a veterinary visit in a subsequent year. The dataset totaled 13,292,929 unique dogs and 2,390,078 unique cats. LE at birth (LEbirth) was 12.69 years (95% CI: 12.68-12.70) for all dogs, 12.71 years (12.67-12.76) for mixed-breed dogs, 11.18 years (11.16-11.20) for cats, and 11.12 (11.09-11.14) for mixed-breed cats. LEbirth increased with decreasing dog size group and increasing survey year 2013 to 2018 for all dog size groups and cats. Female dogs and cats had significantly higher LEbirth than males: 12.76 years (12.75-12.77) vs. 12.63 years (12.62-12.64), and 11.68 years (11.65-11.71) vs. 10.72 years (10.68-10.75), respectively. Obese dogs (BCS 5/5) had a significantly lower LEbirth [11.71 years (11.66-11.77)] than overweight dogs (BCS 4/5) [13.14 years (13.12-13.16)] and dogs with ideal BCS 3/5 [13.18 years (13.16-13.19)]. The LEbirth of cats with BCS 4/5 [13.67 years (13.62-13.71)] was significantly higher than cats with BCS 5/5 [12.56 years (12.45-12.66)] or BCS 3/5 [12.18 years (12.14-12.21)]. These LE tables provide valuable information for veterinarians and pet owners and a foundation for research hypotheses, as well as being a stepping-stone to disease-associated LE tables.
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Paulo RR, Galvão VE, da Silva GG, Porto LP, Tonossu JM, Gandolfi MB, Guimarães-Okamoto PTC, Takahira RK, Rahal SC, Melchert A. Myeloperoxidase enzyme and Ferric-reducing antioxidant power concentrations in lean and obese dogs. Vet Res Commun 2022; 47:1007-1013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-10059-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Gaillard V, Chastant S, England G, Forman O, German AJ, Suchodolski JS, Villaverde C, Chavatte-Palmer P, Péron F. Environmental risk factors in puppies and kittens for developing chronic disorders in adulthood: A call for research on developmental programming. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:944821. [PMID: 36619947 PMCID: PMC9816871 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.944821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Many dogs and cats are affected by chronic diseases that significantly impact their health and welfare and relationships with humans. Some of these diseases can be challenging to treat, and a better understanding of early-life risk factors for diseases occurring in adulthood is key to improving preventive veterinary care and husbandry practices. This article reviews early-life risk factors for obesity and chronic enteropathy, and for chronic behavioral problems, which can also be intractable with life-changing consequences. Aspects of early life in puppies and kittens that can impact the risk of adult disorders include maternal nutrition, establishment of the gut microbiome, maternal behavior, weaning, nutrition during growth, growth rate, socialization with conspecifics and humans, rehoming and neutering. Despite evidence in some species that the disorders reviewed here reflect the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD), developmental programming has rarely been studied in dogs and cats. Priorities and strategies to increase knowledge of early-life risk factors and DOHaD in dogs and cats are discussed. Critical windows of development are proposed: preconception, gestation, the suckling period, early growth pre-neutering or pre-puberty, and growth post-neutering or post-puberty to adult size, the durations of which depend upon species and breed. Challenges to DOHaD research in these species include a large number of breeds with wide genetic and phenotypic variability, and the existence of many mixed-breed individuals. Moreover, difficulties in conducting prospective lifelong cohort studies are exacerbated by discontinuity in pet husbandry between breeders and subsequent owners, and by the dispersed nature of pet ownership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Gaillard
- Research and Development Center, Royal Canin, Aimargues, France,*Correspondence: Virginie Gaillard ✉
| | - Sylvie Chastant
- NeoCare, Université de Toulouse, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Toulouse, France
| | - Gary England
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Forman
- Wisdom Panel, Kinship, Waltham-on-the-Wolds, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander J. German
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences of Small Animal Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jan S. Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | | | - Pascale Chavatte-Palmer
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut National de Recherche Pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Biologie de la Reproduction, Environnement, Epigénétique et Développement (BREED), Jouy-en-Josas, France,Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Franck Péron
- Research and Development Center, Royal Canin, Aimargues, France
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Devlin L, McCobb E, Cardamone C, Linder DE. Assessing the Impact of a Pilot Nutrition Curriculum on Students' Confidence and Ability to Perform Nutritional Assessments on Overweight Dogs and Cats for Use in a Veterinary Outreach Program. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 49:594-602. [PMID: 34310269 DOI: 10.3138/jvme-2020-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a growing concern for dogs and cats. Although veterinary input is critical to prevent and manage obesity, conversations addressing overweight pets are challenging and require training to perform effectively. This study assessed the impact of a nutrition curriculum developed for use in a veterinary outreach program on student confidence and ability to perform nutritional assessments, particularly on overweight pets. The curriculum was developed by students and a Board-Certified Veterinary Nutritionist focusing on (1) performing nutritional assessments and (2) discussing the findings with owners. Initial implementation and evaluation occurred with 32 students. Pre-study and post-study surveys were conducted asking students to rank their confidence in 14 aspects related to nutritional assessments, determine opportunities for change from a case summary, and describe their experience using the materials. Five students in the outreach program performed an additional nutritional assessment and developed a plan for a hypothetical case. Results were analyzed for significance via the likelihood ratios Chi-square and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Students showed significant increase in confidence for 11 of the 14 questions and significant improvements at determining opportunities for change (p < .05). Feedback was positive and supported the feasibility of using the materials with the outreach program. Overall, the findings support that the curriculum provides a positive learning experience and prepared veterinary students for performing nutritional assessments and creating management plans for obese pets. This article introduces the curriculum as a successful model for providing access to additional self-paced curricular units to veterinary students.
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Murray AG, Murison PJ. Complete tracheal obstruction during anaesthesia for ventral slot decompression surgery in a dog. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Caro-Vadillo A, Montoya-Alonso JA, García-Guasch L. Impact of Obesity on Lung Function in Cats with Bronchoconstriction. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9060278. [PMID: 35737329 PMCID: PMC9230905 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9060278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a nutritional disorder commonly diagnosed in adult cats that has been associated with an increased risk of different chronic diseases including respiratory diseases. The main objective of this study is to define if there is a relation between lung function measured by barometric whole-body plethysmography and obesity in cats with bronchoconstriction. Fifty-three cats were included in the study. All animals presented a bronchoconstriction status diagnosed with an Enhanced Pause (Penh) value higher than the reference range. Based on a standardized 9-point body condition scale, 36 cats were normal-weight cats (with BCS < 6), and 17 cats were considered overweight or obese cats (with BCS ≥ 6). Overweight cats were mainly male cats and older, and presented lower tidal volume values, lower minute volume values, and lower peak inspiratory and expiratory flows than normal-weight cats. According to the results of the present study, overweight cats showed a more compromised lung function parameters related to restrictive pattern compared with normal-weight cats. However, overweight cats did not show a higher bronchoconstriction level compared with normal-weight cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Caro-Vadillo
- Internal Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - J. Alberto Montoya-Alonso
- Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Laín García-Guasch
- IVC Evidensia Hospital Veterinari Molins, 08620 Sant Vicenç dels Horts, Spain;
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Olivindo RFG, Zafalon RVA, Teixeira FA, Vendramini THA, Pedrinelli V, Brunetto MA. Evaluation of the nutrients supplied by veterinary diets commercialized in Brazil for obese dogs undergoing a weight loss program. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2022; 106:355-367. [PMID: 35112401 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
During a weight loss program, energy restriction is performed, which can result in nutrient intake below the minimum recommendations if a proper diet is not offered. A common recommendation for dogs undergoing energy restriction is to use a veterinary diet formulated for the management of obesity to potentially reduce the likelihood of nutritional deficiencies. The objective of this study was to perform bromatological and essential mineral analysis in veterinary diets for the management of canine obesity available in the Brazilian market and to analyse whether these diets provide the recommended amount of nutrients per kg of metabolic body weight (kg BW0.75 ) for animals undergoing energy restriction. Samples of all veterinary diets for the management of canine obesity available in the Brazilian pet food market were analysed (n = 8). The nutrient supply per kg BW0.75 was calculated and compared with the NRC recommended allowance and FEDIAF recommendations by descriptive statistics. For this purpose, the weight loss energy requirement equations of 70 kcal/target body weight0.75 and 63 kcal/target body weight0.75 were used, in which target body weight corresponds to 10%-40% of the initial body weight according to the body condition score. The manufacturers' intake recommendations were also evaluated and compared to the NRC and FEDIAF recommendations. Almost all of the diets (n = 7/8) had at least one nutrient below the NRC and FEDIAF recommendations when target weight of minus 10%, 20% or 30% was considered, and all diets had at least one nutrient deficiency when the target weight was minus 40%. When the energy intake was restricted a further 10%, all diets had at least one nutrient below recommendations at the minus 30% target weight. The nutrients for which the recommendations were not met were as follows: calcium, magnesium, potassium, selenium, sodium, protein and fat. When compared to the manufacturers' recommendations, nutrient deficiencies were observed in all of the diets when compared to the NRC and in 7/8 when compared to FEDIAF, and all diets had at least one deficiency when compared to both NRC and FEDIAF after an extra 10% calorie restriction. It was concluded that the majority of veterinary diets formulated for weight loss/obesity management in Brazil did not meet all the recommendations of the analysed nutrients, which reinforces that diets for weight loss should be used according to veterinary prescription and should ideally be prescribed by nutrition specialists that can better understand the limitations of the diet's composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo F G Olivindo
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael V A Zafalon
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio Alves Teixeira
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Vivian Pedrinelli
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcio Antonio Brunetto
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Vendramini THA, Gomes Olivindo RF, Zafalon RVA, Rentas MF, Zanini LD, Amaral AR, Pedrinelli V, de Oliveira VV, Risolia LW, Teixeira FA, Brunetto MA. Profile qualitative variables on the dynamics of weight loss programs in dogs. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261946. [PMID: 35020762 PMCID: PMC8754318 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is the most common nutritional disorder in dogs and it is associated with many comorbidities. Some obesity risk factors have already been established, however, the evaluation of the effect of different individual variables on weight loss induced by calorie restriction, although very important, is still poorly explored. The weight loss protocol can be updated and improved by more precise and adjusted equations throughout the weight loss program in the clinical routine practice. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze weight loss program dynamics in groups according to reproductive status, age, body size, and breed, as well as to define more accurately the amount of calories per target metabolic weight throughout the program. Data of 1,053 cases, presented between 2012 and 2019 at the Veterinary Hospital of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the University of São Paulo (FMVZ-USP) were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 77 obese dogs (body condition scores 8/9 or 9/9) of different ages, breeds, sizes, and reproductive status were selected. These dogs did not have any concomitant illnesses and successfully completed the weight loss program. Statistical analysis was performed and values of p≤0.05 were considered significant. The proposed weight loss program was based on an energy restriction protocol where daily energy intake (in kcal) was estimated as 70 kcal × target weight0.75. The target weight (TW) was defined as 80% of the animal's current weight. The average calorie intake for weight loss (calories x target weight0.75) was lower for spayed females (62.36), differing from intact males (66.14) and neutered males (65.41), while intact females (63.66) showed intermediate values without differing between groups (p = 0.015). There were no differences between weight loss calories according to age (p = 0.473) or body size (p = 0.084), allowing the use of the same mathematical equation for intact and neutered dogs; for dogs older than 1 year and of different body sizes. Regarding the breed, the average calorie intake was lower (p = 0.002) in mixed breed dogs (61.54xTW0.75) when compared to obesity-prone purebred dogs (64.17xTW0.75) and other purebreds (65.27xTW0.75). It was concluded that spayed females and mixed breed dogs have greater difficulty in losing weight, that is, they need fewer calories per metabolic body weight for the weight loss program to succeed. A more accurate equation for energy requirement for weight loss can improve chances of success, therefore improving compliance and helping clinical management of obesity in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Henrique Annibale Vendramini
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Fernando Gomes Olivindo
- Veterinary Nutrology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Vessecchi Amorim Zafalon
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Mariana Fragoso Rentas
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Lucca Denuci Zanini
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Andressa Rodrigues Amaral
- Veterinary Nutrology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vivian Pedrinelli
- Veterinary Nutrology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Vasques de Oliveira
- Veterinary Nutrology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa Wünsche Risolia
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Fabio Alves Teixeira
- Veterinary Nutrology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcio Antonio Brunetto
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, Brazil
- Veterinary Nutrology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Macedo HT, Rentas MF, Vendramini THA, Macegoza MV, Amaral AR, Jeremias JT, de Carvalho Balieiro JC, Pfrimer K, Ferriolli E, Pontieri CFF, Brunetto MA. Weight-loss in obese dogs promotes important shifts in fecal microbiota profile to the extent of resembling microbiota of lean dogs. Anim Microbiome 2022; 4:6. [PMID: 34991726 PMCID: PMC8740440 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-021-00160-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among the undesirable changes associated with obesity, one possibility recently raised is dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota. Studies have shown changes in microbiota in obese rats and humans, but there are still few studies that characterize and compare the fecal microbiota of lean, obese and dogs after weight loss. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of a weight loss program (WLP) in fecal microbiota of dogs in addition to comparing them with those of lean dogs. Twenty female dogs of different breeds, aged between 1 and 9 years were selected. They were equally divided into two groups: Obese group (OG), with body condition score (BCS) 8 or 9/9, and body fat percentage greater than 30%, determined by the deuterium isotope dilution method, and lean group (LG) with BCS 5/9, and maximum body fat of 15%. Weight loss group (WLG) was composed by OG after loss of 20% of their current body weight. Fecal samples were collected from the three experimental groups. Total DNA was extracted from the feces and these were sequenced by the Illumina methodology. The observed abundances were evaluated using a generalized linear model, considering binomial distribution and using the logit link function in SAS (p < 0.05). RESULTS The WLP modulated the microorganisms of the gastrointestinal tract, so that, WLG and LG had microbial composition with greater biodiversity than OG, and intestinal uniformity of the microbiota (Pielou's evenness index) was higher in OG than WLG dogs (P = 0.0493) and LG (P = 0.0101). In addition, WLG had values of relative frequency more similar to LG than to OG. CONCLUSION The fecal microbiota of the studied groups differs from each other. The weight loss program can help to reverse the changes observed in obese dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Tobaro Macedo
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN Pet), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), University of São Paulo (USP), Duque de Caxias Norte Ave, 255, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Mariana Fragoso Rentas
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN Pet), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), University of São Paulo (USP), Duque de Caxias Norte Ave, 255, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Thiago Henrique Annibale Vendramini
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN Pet), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), University of São Paulo (USP), Duque de Caxias Norte Ave, 255, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Matheus Vinicius Macegoza
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN Pet), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), University of São Paulo (USP), Duque de Caxias Norte Ave, 255, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Andressa Rodrigues Amaral
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN Pet), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), University of São Paulo (USP), Duque de Caxias Norte Ave, 255, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Juliana Toloi Jeremias
- Nutritional Development Center (CDN), Grandfood Indústria E Comércio LTDA (Premier Pet), Luiz Augusto de Oliveira Hwy, Km 204, Dourado, São Paulo, 13590-000, Brazil
| | - Júlio César de Carvalho Balieiro
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN Pet), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), University of São Paulo (USP), Duque de Caxias Norte Ave, 255, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Karina Pfrimer
- Medical School of Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), University of São Paulo (USP), Bandeirantes Ave, 3900 - Campus da USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Ferriolli
- Medical School of Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), University of São Paulo (USP), Bandeirantes Ave, 3900 - Campus da USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Cristiana Ferreira Fonseca Pontieri
- Nutritional Development Center (CDN), Grandfood Indústria E Comércio LTDA (Premier Pet), Luiz Augusto de Oliveira Hwy, Km 204, Dourado, São Paulo, 13590-000, Brazil
| | - Marcio Antonio Brunetto
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN Pet), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), University of São Paulo (USP), Duque de Caxias Norte Ave, 255, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil.
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Prevalence, risk factors, and disease associations of overweight and obesity in dogs that visited the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital at the University of California, Davis from January 2006 to December 2015. Top Companion Anim Med 2022; 48:100640. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Araos J, Lacitignola L, de Monte V, Stabile M, Porter I, Hurtado DE, Perez A, Crovace A, Grasso S, Martin-Flores M, Staffieri F. Evaluation of Lung Aeration and Respiratory System Mechanics in Obese Dogs Ventilated With Tidal Volumes Based on Ideal vs. Current Body Weight. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:704863. [PMID: 34660755 PMCID: PMC8517180 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.704863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the respiratory mechanics and lung aeration in anesthetized obese dogs ventilated with tidal volumes (VT) based on ideal (VTi) vs. current (VTc) body weight. Six dogs with body condition scores ≥ 8/9 were included. End-expiratory respiratory mechanics and end-expiratory CT-scan were obtained at baseline for each dog. Thereafter, dogs were ventilated with VT 15 ml kg−1 based on VTi and VTc, applied randomly. Respiratory mechanics and CT-scan were repeated at end-inspiration during VTi and VTc. Data analyzed with linear mixed models and reported as mean ± SD or median [range]. Statistical significance p < 0.05. The elastance of the lung, chest wall and respiratory system indexed by ideal body weight (IBW) were positively correlated with body fat percentage, whereas the functional residual capacity indexed by IBW was negatively correlated with body fat percentage. At end-expiration, aeration (%) was: hyperaeration 0.03 [0.00–3.35], normoaeration 69.7 [44.6–82.2], hypoaeration 29.3 [13.6–49.4] and nonaeration (1.06% [0.37–6.02]). Next to the diaphragm, normoaeration dropped to 12 ± 11% and hypoaeration increased to 90 ± 8%. No differences in aeration between groups were found at end-inspiration. Airway driving pressure (cm H2O) was higher (p = 0.002) during VTc (9.8 ± 0.7) compared with VTi (7.6 ± 0.4). Lung strain was higher (p = 0.014) during VTc (55 ± 21%) than VTi (38 ± 10%). The stress index was higher (p = 0.012) during VTc (SI = 1.07 [0.14]) compared with VTi (SI = 0.93 [0.18]). This study indicates that body fat percentage influences the magnitude of lung, chest wall, and total respiratory system elastance and resistance, as well as functional residual capacity. Further, these results indicate that obese dogs have extensive areas of hypoaerated lungs, especially in caudodorsal regions. Finally, lung strain and airway driving pressure, surrogates of lung deformation, are higher during VTc than during VTi, suggesting that in obese anesthetized dogs, ventilation protocols based on IBW may be advantageous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin Araos
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Luca Lacitignola
- Section of Veterinary Clinics and Animal Production, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation D.E.O.T., "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Valentina de Monte
- Section of Veterinary Clinics and Animal Production, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation D.E.O.T., "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Marzia Stabile
- Section of Veterinary Clinics and Animal Production, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation D.E.O.T., "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Ian Porter
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Daniel E Hurtado
- Department of Structural and Geotechnical Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Santiago, Chile
| | - Agustín Perez
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Antonio Crovace
- Section of Veterinary Clinics and Animal Production, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation D.E.O.T., "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Grasso
- Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation D.E.O.T., "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Manuel Martin-Flores
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Francesco Staffieri
- Section of Veterinary Clinics and Animal Production, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation D.E.O.T., "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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Vendramini THA, Macedo HT, Zafalon RVA, Macegoza MV, Pedrinelli V, Risolia LW, Ocampos FMM, Jeremias JT, Pontieri CFF, Ferriolli E, Colnago LA, Brunetto MA. Serum metabolomics analysis reveals that weight loss in obese dogs results in a similar metabolic profile to dogs in ideal body condition. Metabolomics 2021; 17:27. [PMID: 33594460 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-020-01753-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The study of metabolic profile can be an important tool to better understand, at a systemic level, metabolic alterations caused by different pathological conditions, such as obesity. Furthermore, it allows the discovery of metabolic biomarkers, which may help to diagnose alterations caused by obesity. OBJECTIVE To investigate the metabolic profile of blood serum of obese dogs, control dogs, and dogs that were subjected to a weight loss program. METHODS Ten obese adult spayed female dogs were included, and their body composition was determined by the deuterium isotope dilution method. The dogs were subjected to a weight loss program and formed a new experimental group after losing 20% of the initial body weight. A third experimental group was composed of ten lean adult spayed female dogs. The metabolic profile of blood serum was evaluated through nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Principal Component Analyses (PCA) and Orthogonal Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) models were constructed using Pareto scaling pre-processing. Pathway analysis was also performed using the MetaboAnalist online tool. RESULTS The PCA shows that the control and after weight loss groups presented a trend to negative PC1, indicating similarities between these two groups. In contrast, obese animals presented a tendency to appear on negative PC2 indicating a different metabolic profile. The OPLS-DA analysis of the serum indicated that healthy groups presented higher content of glucose, while animals that lost weight had higher levels of cholesterol and lactate than the control group. On the other hand, the analysis showed that lipid content, cholesterol, and branched-chain amino acids were highest in obese animals. Variable Influence on Projection (VIP) analysis demonstrated that Lactate is the most important metabolite for the OPLS-DA model and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) corroborated the similarity between the control group and the obese after weight loss groups. Moreover, the pathway analysis indicated the most important metabolic pathways related to this dataset. CONCLUSIONS The metabolomic assessment based on NMR of blood serum differed between obese dogs and animals in optimal body condition. Moreover, the weight loss resulted in metabolic profiles similar to those observed in lean animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago H A Vendramini
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), 225, Avenida Duque de Caxias Norte, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Henrique T Macedo
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), 225, Avenida Duque de Caxias Norte, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Rafael V A Zafalon
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), 225, Avenida Duque de Caxias Norte, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Matheus V Macegoza
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), 225, Avenida Duque de Caxias Norte, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Vivian Pedrinelli
- Veterinary Nutrology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Larissa W Risolia
- Veterinary Nutrology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Fernanda M M Ocampos
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa-CNPDIA), São Carlos, 13560-970, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eduardo Ferriolli
- Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, 14049900, Brazil
| | - Luiz A Colnago
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa-CNPDIA), São Carlos, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Marcio A Brunetto
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), 225, Avenida Duque de Caxias Norte, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil.
- Veterinary Nutrology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil.
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17
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Devito FC, Patricio GCF, Flôr PB, Vendramini THA, Amaral AR, Pfrimer K, Brunetto MA, Cortopassi SRG. Comparative study of anaesthesia induction in obese dogs using propofol dosages based on lean body weight or total body weight. Vet Anim Sci 2020; 10:100131. [PMID: 32734031 PMCID: PMC7386691 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2020.100131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the dosages for anesthesia induction in obese dogs using propofol based on lean body weight or total body weight. For this purpose, seven dogs with ideal body condition score (BCS) (BCS 4-5; 17.3 ± 2.5% fat mass) were included in the control group (CG), seven obese dogs (BCS 8-9; 45.7 ± 2.9% fat mass) in the total body weight group (TBWG) and seven obese dogs (BCS 8-9; 42.8 ± 6.3% fat mass) in the lean body weight group (LBWG). Anaesthesia was induced by a constant rate infusion of propofol at 150 mg kg-1 hour-1 through a propofol infusion pump until the loss of consciousness; the animals in CG and TBWG received a propofol infusion based on total body weight; the animals in LBWG received a propofol infusion based on lean body mass (in kg) determined by the deuterium dilution method. The results were compared between the groups using the Tukey test (p < 0.05). The propofol dosage used was 11.4 ± 3.2 mg kg-1, 8.0± 2.0 mg kg-1 and 14.1 ± 4.7 mg kg-1 in groups CG, TBWG and LBWG, respectively, and they were different among all groups (p < 0.001). There was also a statistical difference in the time between the start of propofol infusion and loss of consciousness in which LBWG took longer than CG and TBWG (p = 0.004). This study shows that obese dogs require lower dosages of propofol when inducing anesthesia than ideal BCS dogs anesthetized with dosages based on total body weight, when the propofol dosages are calculated on the basis of muscle mass it should be increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Corrêa Devito
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Geni Cristina Fonseca Patricio
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Bonifácio Flôr
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Thiago Henrique Annibale Vendramini
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Andressa Rodrigues Amaral
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Karina Pfrimer
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Marcio Antonio Brunetto
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Silvia Renata Gaido Cortopassi
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-270, Brazil
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Rogues J, Mehinagic E, Lethuillier D, Bouvret E, Hervera M, Lepoudere A. Reduction of cat voluntary feed intake in the short-term response to the sugar cane fibre supplementation. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL NUTRITION 2020. [DOI: 10.3920/jaan2020.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a well-known syndrome of excessive body fat in cats (Felis catus) that affects the health, welfare and lifespan of animals. Consequently, different diet strategies aiming to reduce voluntary feed intake in cats have been studied. One of these consists in reducing energy intake based on reduction of feed intake. Several clinical studies have demonstrated that dietary fibre inclusion in food reduced efficiently voluntary feed intake (VFI) in dogs. However, little clinical data is available regarding the impact of dietary fibre inclusion on cat’s feeding behaviours and VFI. The aim of the current study was to test the performance of sugar cane fibre included at three different levels in extruded feline diets. The main purpose was to measure the impact of fibre inclusion on the cats’ VFI, while maintaining palatability. Four feline diets were formulated with different inclusion levels of sugar cane fibre expressed on an as fed basis (0% sugar cane fibre (control), 3.7% of sugar cane fibre (SF3.7), 5.5% of sugar cane fibre (SF5.5) and 7.3% sugar cane fibre (SF7.3)). The VFI and palatability were evaluated in two different methods: a new method using 79 cats, called ‘consumption kinetics’ based on the dynamic measure of cat’s daily consumptions in ad libitum conditions providing information about cat’s feeding pattern, and the standard palatability two-bowl (versus) test using more than 30 cats. All foods had identical palatability performance, regardless of sugar cane fibre inclusion level, while the VFI of products containing 5.5% and 7.3% sugar cane fibre decreased significantly compared to the control diet. The level of supplementation of sugar cane fibre was efficient to reduce felines VFI without impairing food palatability level, and may be a useful ingredient to add to feline diets to improve the success of the weight management programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Rogues
- Diana Pet Food, ZA du Gohélis, 56250 Elven, France
| | - E. Mehinagic
- Diana Pet Food, ZA du Gohélis, 56250 Elven, France
| | | | - E. Bouvret
- Diana Pet Food, ZA du Gohélis, 56250 Elven, France
| | - M. Hervera
- Expert Pet Nutrition, 44100 Nantes, France
| | - A. Lepoudere
- Diana Pet Food, ZA du Gohélis, 56250 Elven, France
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Beeston TJ, Blissitt KJ. Decision making affecting the diagnosis of hypoxaemia in a pug. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2020-001248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas James Beeston
- Veterinary Medicine and SurgeryThe University of Edinburgh College of Medicine and Veterinary MedicineEdinburghUK
| | - Karen J Blissitt
- Veterinary Medicine and SurgeryThe University of Edinburgh College of Medicine and Veterinary MedicineEdinburghUK
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Piantedosi D, Palatucci AT, Giovazzino A, Ruggiero G, Rubino V, Musco N, Carriero F, Farina F, Attia YAEW, Terrazzano G, Lombardi P, Cortese L. Effect of a Weight Loss Program on Biochemical and Immunological Profile, Serum Leptin Levels, and Cardiovascular Parameters in Obese Dogs. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:398. [PMID: 32851001 PMCID: PMC7424025 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of a weight loss program (WLP) on biochemical and immunological profile, and cardiovascular parameters in a cohort of dogs with naturally occurring obesity. Eleven obese dogs [body condition scoring (BCS), ≥7/9] were enrolled into the study and underwent clinical and cardiovascular examination, and blood testing before (T0) and after 6 months (T1) of WLP. Eleven normal weight (BCS, 4/5) healthy dogs were used as a control (CTR) group. Compared to the CTR group, at T0 obese dogs expressed higher serum leptin concentrations (p < 0.0005) that significantly decreased after weight loss (p < 0.005) but remained higher than the CTR group. Furthermore, obese dogs showed considerably lower levels (p < 0.0005) of regulatory T cell (Treg) compared to the CTR group, but they did not change after weight loss at T1. In obese dogs, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 concentrations were substantially reduced at T1 (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.005). Regarding the cardiovascular parameters, only one obese dog was hypertensive at T0, and systolic blood pressure values showed no significant differences at the end of the WLP. The ratio of interventricular septal thickness in diastole to left ventricle internal diameter in diastole (IVSd/LVIDd) was significantly greater in obese dogs at T0 than in the CTR group (p < 0.005). It decreased after weight loss (p < 0.05). In obese dogs, troponin I level significantly reduced with weight loss (p < 0.05), while endothelin-1 level did not differ statistically. The results suggest that the immune dysregulation in the presence of high leptin levels and reduced number of Treg could affect obese dogs as well as humans. Based on our findings, we may speculate that a more complete immune-regulation restore could be obtained by a greater reduction in fat mass and a longer-term WLP. Finally, left ventricular remodeling may occur in some obese dogs. However, in canine species, further studies are needed to investigate the impact of obesity and related WLP on cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Piantedosi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Angela Giovazzino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Ruggiero
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Rubino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Nadia Musco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Flavia Carriero
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | | | - Youssef Abd El Wahab Attia
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Giuseppe Terrazzano
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Lombardi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Cortese
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Asorey I, Pellegrini L, Canfrán S, Ortiz-Díez G, Aguado D. Factors affecting respiratory system compliance in anaesthetised mechanically ventilated healthy dogs: a retrospective study. J Small Anim Pract 2020; 61:617-623. [PMID: 32715489 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the influence of several factors on respiratory system compliance in volume-controlled mechanically ventilated healthy anaesthetised dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Review of 100 dogs anaesthetised for elective surgeries between 2015 and 2016. Dogs were mechanically ventilated with a respiratory rate adjusted to maintain normocapnia and a fraction of inspired oxygen of 50%. Body weight, body condition score, age, thoracic shape, time in spontaneous ventilation before volume-controlled ventilation, time with a fraction of inspired oxygen of 100% until starting mechanical ventilation, type of surgery and patient position were recorded. Respiratory system compliance, expressed per kg of bodyweight, was recorded every 15 minutes following initiation of volume-controlled ventilation. RESULTS Baseline respiratory system compliance was 1.3 ± 0.3 mL/cmH2 O/kg and was reduced by high body condition score and barrel-shaped thorax but not by age, type of surgery or patient position, time in spontaneous ventilation nor time with a fraction of inspired oxygen of 100%. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Respiratory system compliance is lower in overweight and barrel-chested dogs and should be taken into account during monitoring of lung function and ventilation management under general anaesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Asorey
- Dick White Referrals, Station Farm - London Road, Six Mile Bottom, Cambridgeshire, CB8 0UH, UK
| | - L Pellegrini
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - S Canfrán
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - G Ortiz-Díez
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - D Aguado
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
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22
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Yoon H, Yu J, An G, Bang S, Kwon D, Kim H, Lee H, Chang J, Chang D. CT and radiographic evaluation of bronchial collapsibility at forced expiration in asymptomatic brachycephalic dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2020; 61:167-180. [PMID: 31896169 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchial collapse due to bronchomalacia is an important cause of chronic coughing in dogs. Radiographic and CT evidence of bronchial collapse has previously been reported in healthy Beagle dogs under forced expiration. However, published studies in brachycephalic dog breeds that are prone to bronchial collapse are currently lacking. In the present prospective analytical experimental study, CT and radiography were used to measure the bronchial diameter and collapsibility of each pulmonary bronchus during end-expiratory, 5 mL/kg forced-expiratory, and 10 mL/kg forced-expiratory phases in 17 asymptomatic brachycephalic dogs and six healthy Beagle dogs. Bronchial collapsibility was significantly greater during forced expiration, than that at the end of expiration in both groups (P < .001). Bronchial collapsibility measurements of the left lung lobes and the right cranial, middle, and accessory lobes were significantly higher in asymptomatic brachycephalic dogs than those in healthy Beagle dogs, during all expiratory phases (P < .05). The higher bronchial collapsibility of brachycephalic dogs was also supported using CT multiplanar reconstruction images and radiography. In conclusion, radiographic and CT measures of bronchial collapsibility in asymptomatic brachycephalic dogs are higher than measures in healthy Beagle dogs. Therefore, measures of bronchial collapse in brachycephalic dogs should not be evaluated using the same baseline measures as those used for healthy Beagle dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyounglok Yoon
- Section of Veterinary Medical Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jin Yu
- Section of Veterinary Medical Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Gayeon An
- Section of Veterinary Medical Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sohyun Bang
- Section of Veterinary Medical Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Dohoon Kwon
- Section of Veterinary Medical Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hyunryung Kim
- Section of Veterinary Medical Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hanbin Lee
- Section of Veterinary Medical Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jinhwa Chang
- Section of Veterinary Medical Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Dongwoo Chang
- Section of Veterinary Medical Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
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Hara Y, Teshima K, Yamaya Y. Arterial blood gas analysis in dogs with bronchomalacia. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0227194. [PMID: 31891639 PMCID: PMC6938372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine bronchomalacia (CBM) is a structural airway disease leading to chronic cough and intermittent respiratory distress, primarily affecting elderly dogs of small breeds. Results of blood gas analysis have been reported in dogs with several diseases, but not yet in those with CBM. Eleven dogs with CBM were recruited in this study. Most dogs presented with mild hypoxemia and normocapnia, and all with increased alveolar-arterial difference for O2 (A-aDO2). In computed tomography, abnormal lung patterns, such as atelectasis and parenchymal band, were detected in all dogs, consistent with the regions affected by CBM. We conclude that CBM causes abnormal lung patterns and results in impaired oxygenation. Blood gas analysis is a useful tool for detecting mild pulmonary lesions and concurrent CBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Hara
- Veterinary Anesthesiology & Respiratory Research Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Kenji Teshima
- Veterinary Anesthesiology & Respiratory Research Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Yoshiki Yamaya
- Veterinary Anesthesiology & Respiratory Research Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa Japan
- * E-mail:
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24
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Kopper JJ, Travers JL, Schott HC, Cook VL. Effect of body condition on intestinal permeability in horses. Am J Vet Res 2019; 80:792-798. [PMID: 31339765 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.80.8.792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate effects of body condition on permeability of intestinal mucosa in horses. ANIMALS 13 horses (7 obese and 6 lean) from 8 to 15 years of age. PROCEDURES Body condition score was assessed, and an oral sugar test (OST) was performed to evaluate glucose and insulin dynamics. Horses were allowed a 2-week diet acclimation period and were then euthanized. Tissue samples were collected from the jejunum, ileum, cecum, pelvic flexure, right dorsal colon, and rectum. Mucosal permeability was assessed by measuring transepithelial resistance and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) flux across tissue samples mounted in Ussing chambers. RESULTS 5 obese horses and 1 lean horse had evidence of insulin dysregulation, whereas 1 obese and 5 lean horses had no abnormalities in results of the OST. Results for the OST were not available for 1 obese horse. Mucosal transepithelial resistance did not differ in any intestinal segment between obese and lean horses. Obese horses had a significantly higher LPS flux across jejunal mucosa, compared with results for lean horses, but there were no significant differences between obese and lean horses for other intestinal segments. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Obese horses may have had greater paracellular mucosal permeability of jejunal mucosa to LPS, compared with that for lean horses. This finding was consistent with data for the gastrointestinal mucosa of humans and mice and supported the hypothesis that obese horses may be at higher risk from chronic exposure to increased amounts of LPS, compared with the risk for lean horses.
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25
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Su DK, Murphy M, Hand A, Zhu X, Witzel-Rollins A. Impact of feeding method on overall activity of indoor, client-owned dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2019; 60:438-443. [PMID: 31012110 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the total daily activity time, walking time and running time using food-dispensing toys versus bowls in a group of client-owned, primarily indoor dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS A two-way, two period, randomised repeated measures mixed-effects crossover study performed on 26 client-owned, primarily indoor dogs. RESULTS Toy feeding increased average daily total activity time by 12% and walking time by 26%. Average daily total activity time and walking time were reduced by 8 and 7% respectively with each increase in year of age. Gender, body condition and muscle condition had no significant effect on average daily total activity or walking time. Toy feeding, time, their interaction, age, gender, body condition and muscle condition had no significant effect on average daily running time. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Feeding toys may be helpful during weight loss programs to achieve the goal of increasing daily exercise duration in dogs that need to lose weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Su
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996, USA
| | - M Murphy
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996, USA
| | - A Hand
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996, USA
| | - X Zhu
- Office of Information Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996, USA
| | - A Witzel-Rollins
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996, USA
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26
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Gates MC, Zito S, Harvey LC, Dale A, Walker JK. Assessing obesity in adult dogs and cats presenting for routine vaccination appointments in the North Island of New Zealand using electronic medical records data. N Z Vet J 2019; 67:126-133. [DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2019.1585990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- MC Gates
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - S Zito
- Royal New Zealand Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, New Lynn, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - LC Harvey
- Environmental and Animal Sciences Practice Pathway, Unitec Institute of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - A Dale
- Royal New Zealand Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, New Lynn, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - JK Walker
- New Zealand Companion Animal Council, Waiuku, Auckland, New Zealand
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27
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Worth DB, Grimes JA, Jiménez DA, Koenig A, Schmiedt CW. Risk factors for temporary tracheostomy tube placement following surgery to alleviate signs of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2018; 253:1158-1163. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.253.9.1158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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28
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Kipperman BS, German AJ. The Responsibility of Veterinarians to Address Companion Animal Obesity. Animals (Basel) 2018; 8:E143. [PMID: 30134516 PMCID: PMC6162666 DOI: 10.3390/ani8090143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a modern-day epidemic in both people and companion animals. A summary of the current research on the causes, risk factors, consequences, and implications of overweight and obesity, and the compliance of small-animal practitioners in recognizing and addressing pet obesity, is provided. Ethical and animal welfare concerns are raised regarding these findings. We argue that a patient advocacy posture compels the veterinary profession to confront this issue more reliably. Evidence is presented to support obesity as a One-Health problem, and discrete and practical recommendations for preventing and addressing companion animal obesity are proposed. The One-Health perspective encourages coordinated action by veterinary healthcare professionals in order to address overweight and obesity in companion animals as a public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry S Kipperman
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Alexander J German
- Institute of Ageing & Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Neston CH60 5SZ, UK.
- Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston CH60 5SZ, UK.
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29
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Gaylord L, Remillard R, Saker K. Risk of nutritional deficiencies for dogs on a weight loss plan. J Small Anim Pract 2018; 59:695-703. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Gaylord
- Clinical Nutrition Resident; North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine; Fuquay Varina North Carolina 27526 USA
| | - R. Remillard
- Veterinary Nutritional Consultations, Inc.; Hollister North Carolina 27844 USA
| | - K. Saker
- North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine; Raleigh North Carolina 27606 USA
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30
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Circulating regulatory T cells (Treg), leptin and induction of proinflammatory activity in obese Labrador Retriever dogs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2018; 202:122-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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31
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Pereira-Neto GB, Brunetto MA, Oba PM, Champion T, Villaverde C, Vendramini THA, Balieiro JCC, Carciofi AC, Camacho AA. Weight loss improves arterial blood gases and respiratory parameters in obese dogs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 102:1743-1748. [PMID: 30006938 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Canine obesity is a common medical disorder and a known risk factor for associated diseases; it can seriously influence various physiological functions, thereby limiting the longevity of the animal. In this study, we evaluated potential respiratory alterations in obese dogs before and after being subjected to caloric restriction to decrease their body weight by 20%, and compared those dogs with control dogs with ideal body condition score. The animals were divided into three experimental groups: GI (obese dogs; n = 11); GII (obese dogs after weight loss, same animals as in GI); GIII (control dogs; n = 11). We evaluated lung function by spirometry and arterial blood gases. Statistical analysis included paired or non-paired Student's t test. Compared with dogs within an ideal body condition score (GIII), obese dogs (GI) had a low arterial partial pressure of oxygen (p < 0.05); decreased tidal volume (p < 0.005), inspiratory time and expiratory time (p < 0.05); and an increased respiratory rate (p < 0.005). After losing weight (GII), no differences with control dogs (GIII) were verified. The results suggested that obese dogs have an improvement in respiratory function with weight loss, but further investigations in a larger group of dogs are advised to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gláucia B Pereira-Neto
- College of Agricultural and Veterinary Medicine, The Federal University of (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Márcio A Brunetto
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Patrícia M Oba
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Champion
- College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago H A Vendramini
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Julio C C Balieiro
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Aulus C Carciofi
- College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aparecido A Camacho
- College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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32
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Pogány Á, Torda O, Marinelli L, Lenkei R, Junó V, Pongrácz P. The behaviour of overweight dogs shows similarity with personality traits of overweight humans. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:172398. [PMID: 30110408 PMCID: PMC6030291 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.172398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Excessive food intake and the resulting excess weight gain is a growing problem in human and canine populations. Dogs, due to their shared living environment with humans, may provide a beneficial model to study the causes and consequences of obesity. Here, we make use of two well-established research paradigms (two-way choice paradigm and cognitive bias test), previously applied with dogs, to investigate the role of obesity and obesity-prone breeds for food responsiveness. We found no evidence of breed differences in food responsiveness due to one breed being more prone to obesity than another. Breed differences found in this study, however, can be explained by working dog status, i.e. whether the dog works in cooperation with, or independently from, humans. Our results also confirm that overweight dogs, as opposed to normal weight dogs, tried to maximize food intake from the higher quality food and hesitated to do the task when the food reward was uncertain. These results are very similar to those expected from the parallel models that exist between certain personality traits and being overweight in humans, suggesting that dogs are indeed a promising model for experimentally investigating obesity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ákos Pogány
- Department of Ethology, Biological Institute, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Torda
- Department of Ethology, Biological Institute, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lieta Marinelli
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Rita Lenkei
- Department of Ethology, Biological Institute, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vanda Junó
- Department of Ethology, Biological Institute, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Pongrácz
- Department of Ethology, Biological Institute, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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33
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Kim H, Kim YJ, Lee H, An T, Yu J, Yoon H, An G, Jung J, Chang J, Chang D. Computed tomographic and radiographic bronchial collapse may be a normal characteristic of forced expiration in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2018; 59:551-563. [PMID: 29786925 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tracheobronchomalacia has been diagnosed using radiography or bronchoscopy to confirm bronchial changes in luminal diameter during the respiratory cycle. However, studies in healthy humans suggest that some degree of bronchial collapse may be observed during the normal respiratory cycle. In this analytical study, the luminal diameter of the bronchus to each of the six pulmonary lobes and the mean percentage of expiratory collapse from end inspiratory, end expiratory, and two forced expiratory phases (10 and 15 ml/kg) were determined via computed tomography (CT) and radiography in 22 healthy Beagle dogs. The bronchial collapsibility was significantly greater during the forced expiration than the end expiration (P < 0.001); the same results were observed in dorsal and sagittal CT images and radiographs (P < 0.001). Median collapsibility values associated with 15 ml/kg forced expiratory collapse determined via cross-sectional CT images were measured as 16.6-45.5% and differed according to the pulmonary lobe. Median collapsibilities on radiography with 15 ml/kg forced expiration were 57.8% and 62.1% in the right cranial lobe and right caudal lobe, respectively. In conclusion, bronchial diameter may change during the respiratory cycle, and some degree of reduction in bronchial diameter may be an incidental finding in healthy dogs. More rigorous criteria are needed with regards to bronchial collapsibility during normal respiration for the diagnosis of bronchomalacia in order to avoid false-positive diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunryung Kim
- Section of Veterinary Medical Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Young Joo Kim
- Western University of Health Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Pomona, CA
| | - Hanbin Lee
- Section of Veterinary Medical Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Taegeon An
- Section of Veterinary Medical Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Jin Yu
- Section of Veterinary Medical Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Hyounglok Yoon
- Section of Veterinary Medical Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Gayeon An
- Section of Veterinary Medical Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Jaihyun Jung
- Section of Veterinary Medical Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Jinhwa Chang
- Section of Veterinary Medical Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Dongwoo Chang
- Section of Veterinary Medical Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
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Kieler IN, Shamzir Kamal S, Vitger AD, Nielsen DS, Lauridsen C, Bjornvad CR. Gut microbiota composition may relate to weight loss rate in obese pet dogs. Vet Med Sci 2017; 3:252-262. [PMID: 29152318 PMCID: PMC5677773 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obese dogs seem to have a different gut microbiome (GM) composition compared to lean dogs, and in humans, GM composition may negatively impact the ability to lose weight in some individuals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the interaction between exercise, weight-loss and the composition of GM in dogs. Eighteen obese pet dogs were recruited for a 12-week weight-loss intervention. All dogs were fed restrictively with a commercial high-protein/high-fibre dry diet, and eight of these dogs were enrolled in an exercise program in addition to the diet intervention. Faecal samples were collected and the dogs were weighed at week 0, week 6 and week 12. GM composition was determined using MiSeq-based tag-encoded 16S rRNA gene high-throughput amplicon sequencing, and concentrations of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) by gas-liquid chromatography. Total weight loss, food allowance and GM were not changed by exercise inclusion. However, Megamonas abundance negatively correlated with weight loss rate and Ruminococcaceae relative abundance was lower at 12 weeks in dogs with a faster weight loss rate (≥1% per week) compared with slower weight loss rate (<1% per week) independent of exercise. Acetic and propionic acid concentrations decreased in the dogs with a faster weight loss rate. Members of Megamonas and Ruminococcaceae produce acetic and propionic acids and we therefore interpret that having a GM that favour SCFA production may negatively affect weight loss rate in dogs. Weight loss rate in dogs may be related to the composition of the GM and its production of metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida N Kieler
- Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenDyrlaegevej 16DK-1870Frederiksberg CDenmark
| | | | - Anne D Vitger
- Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenDyrlaegevej 16DK-1870Frederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Dennis S Nielsen
- Department of Food ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenRolighedsvej 26DK-1958Frederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Charlotte Lauridsen
- Department of Animal ScienceAarhus UniversityBlichers Allé 208830TjeleDenmark
| | - Charlotte R Bjornvad
- Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenDyrlaegevej 16DK-1870Frederiksberg CDenmark
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Liu NC, Oechtering GU, Adams VJ, Kalmar L, Sargan DR, Ladlow JF. Outcomes and prognostic factors of surgical treatments for brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome in 3 breeds. Vet Surg 2017; 46:271-280. [PMID: 28146288 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine prognostic indicators for the surgical treatment of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) and to compare the prognosis of 2 multilevel surgical procedures. STUDY DESIGN Prospective clinical study. SAMPLE POPULATION Client-owned pugs, French bulldogs, and bulldogs (n = 50). METHODS Noninvasive whole-body barometric plethysmography (WBBP) was used to assess respiratory function before, 1 month and 6 months after upper airway corrective surgery. Postoperatively, BOAS indices (ie, ascending severity score generated from WBBP data, 0%-100%) that equaled to or exceeded the cut-off values of BOAS in the diagnostic models were considered to have a "poor prognosis." A multivariate logistic regression was used to assess predictors for prognosis. RESULTS The median BOAS indices decreased after surgery (from 76% to 63%, P < .0001), although dogs with indices in this range would still be considered clinically affected. Age (odds ratios [OR] = 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.93-0.99, P < .05), body condition (OR = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.01-0.39, P < .01), laryngeal collapse (OR = 6.1, 95% CI: 1-37.22, P < .05), and surgical techniques (OR = 7.94, 95% CI: 1.17-54.01, P < .05) were associated with postoperative prognosis. The multivariate model suggests modified multilevel surgery (MMS) may have a better outcome than traditional multilevel surgery (TMS) (P = .034). The positive predictive value of the logistic model was 84% (95% CI: 68-94%) and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 89% (95% CI: 78-99%, P <.0001). CONCLUSIONS Younger age, normal body condition, presence of laryngeal collapse, and treatment with TMS were negative prognostic factors after surgical treatment of BOAS. MMS is recommended, particularly in dogs with a higher probability of poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Chieh Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gerhard U Oechtering
- Small Animal Department, Ear Nose and Throat Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Lajos Kalmar
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David R Sargan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jane F Ladlow
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Abstract
People who are overweight or have obesity are estimated to comprise 30% of the global population and up to 59% of companion dogs and cats are estimated to be above their optimal body weight. The prevalence of human and companion obesity is increasing. The direct and indirect costs of obesity and associated comorbidities are significant for human and veterinary healthcare. There are numerous similarities between obesity in people and companion animals, likely related to the shared environmental and lifestyle elements of this multifactorial disease. While the study of human obesity is relatively robust, research conducted in pets is generally limited to small studies, studies with cross-sectional designs or reports that have yet to be replicated. Greater understanding of human obesity may elucidate some of the factors driving the more recent rise in pet obesity. In particular, there are overlapping features of obesity in children and pets that are, in part, related to dependency on their 'parents' for care and feeding. When feeding is used in a coercive and controlling fashion, it may lead to undesirable feeding behaviour and increase the risk for obesity. A 'responsive parenting' intervention teaches parents to respond appropriately to hunger-satiety cues and to recognize and respond to others' distress. Such interventions may impact on childhood overweight and obesity and have the potential to be adapted for use with companion animals. Social behaviour towards people with obesity or owners of pets with obesity is often driven by beliefs about the cause of the obesity. Educating healthcare professionals and the public about the multifactorial nature of this complex disease process is a fundamental step in reducing the bias and stigma associated with obesity. Children living in low-income households have particularly high rates of obesity and as household income falls, rates of obesity also rise in pets and their owners. There are risk regulators (i.e. dynamic components of interconnected systems that influence obesity-related behaviours) and internal factors (i.e. biological determinants of obesity) that may influence the development of both childhood and pet obesity, and poverty may intersect with these variables to exacerbate obesity in low-income environments. This review discusses the costs, behaviours and psychology related to obesity in people and pets, and also proposes potential techniques that can be considered for prevention and treatment of this disease in pets. A 'One Health' approach to obesity suggests that an understanding of human obesity may elucidate some of the factors driving the more recent rise in pet obesity.
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Abstract
Obesity is now recognised as the most important medical disease in pets worldwide. All current strategies for weight management involve dietary energy restriction with a purpose-formulated diet. Whilst current weight management regimes can be successful, outcomes are often disappointing with the rate of weight loss progressively slowing down as time goes on. Success is most challenging for the most obese dogs and cats that are more likely to discontinue the programme before reaching target weight. To improve outcomes, clinicians must focus carefully on better tailoring programmes, paying particular to setting an appropriate target weight so as to maximise the benefits for the individual. In this opinionated review, the author will discuss findings from recent clinical research studies examining weight management in obese dogs and cats. A strategy for tailoring weight management targets will then be discussed, illustrated with case examples.
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Piantedosi D, Di Loria A, Guccione J, De Rosa A, Fabbri S, Cortese L, Carta S, Ciaramella P. Serum biochemistry profile, inflammatory cytokines, adipokines and cardiovascular findings in obese dogs. Vet J 2016; 216:72-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Abstract
Obesity is arguably the biggest health and welfare issue affecting pet dogs. Although successful weight loss has health benefits, current strategies are far from ideal. Many obese dogs that start a weight programme fail to lose weight, or subsequently regain the weight they have lost. Given that current weight loss strategies are not perfect, clinicians need to focus carefully on tailoring the programme, perhaps setting a pragmatic target for weight loss, so as to ensure the benefits are maximised. This review will summarise key findings from recent clinical research into pet obesity, and present a framework for improving success, by better tailoring weight management regimens and end points to the individual.
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Oyake K, Kobatake Y, Shibata S, Sakai H, Saito M, Yamato O, Kushida K, Maeda S, Kamishina H. Changes in respiratory function in Pembroke Welsh Corgi dogs with degenerative myelopathy. J Vet Med Sci 2016; 78:1323-7. [PMID: 27109068 PMCID: PMC5053935 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine degenerative myelopathy (DM) is characterized by progressive degeneration of the
spinal cord. Although atrophic changes in the intercostal muscles were previously reported
in the late stage of DM in Pembroke Welsh Corgis (PWCs), changes in respiratory function
have not yet been examined. In the present study, we performed an arterial blood gas
analysis and measured respiratory movements over progressive disease stages to document
changes in respiratory function in DM-affected PWCs. We found that respiratory dysfunction
progressed during the later stages of DM and correlated with a change in respiratory
movement to the abdominal breathing pattern. These results suggested that hypoventilation
occurred due to dysfunctional changes in the intercostal muscles and resulted in hypoxemia
in the later stages of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanae Oyake
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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Yam PS, Butowski CF, Chitty JL, Naughton G, Wiseman-Orr ML, Parkin T, Reid J. Impact of canine overweight and obesity on health-related quality of life. Prev Vet Med 2016; 127:64-9. [PMID: 27094142 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Canine obesity is increasing in prevalence in the UK and raises concerns about dog welfare. This study compares the health-related quality of life (HRQL) of dogs of varying body condition: overweight and obese (BCS 4 and 5) versus non-overweight dogs (BCS 2 and 3), obese (BCS 5) versus non-overweight (BCS 2 and 3) and an overall comparison between all four BCS (BCS 2, 3, 4 and 5) using a novel, validated HRQL instrument which is both web and mobile tablet/phone app based. Of 271 dog owners who were approached, 174 completed a web-based instrument (2013) or a mobile tablet app instrument (2014) during the summers of 2013 and 2014. Automatically generated scores in four domains of HRQL (energetic/enthusiastic, happy/content, active/comfortable, calm/relaxed) were compared for dogs with each of the body condition scores (BCS 2-5). For all body condition scores a statistically significant difference was found between the HRQL scores in two of the domains: energetic/enthusiastic (p=0.02) and active comfortable (p=0.004). When BCS 2 and 3 were compared to BCS 4 and 5, statistical significance was found in the same two domains - energetic/enthusiastic (p=0.01) and active comfortable (p=0.001) - as it was in comparison of non-overweight (BCS 2 and 3) compared to obese dogs (BCS 5): energetic/enthusiastic (p=0.012) and active comfortable (p=0.004). These results suggest that overweight and obese dogs have a reduced HRQL in two of the domains compared to non-overweight dogs, and that differences in HRQL are detectable between BCS scores 2, 3, 4 and 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Yam
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 464 Bearsden Road, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom.
| | - C F Butowski
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 464 Bearsden Road, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - J L Chitty
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 464 Bearsden Road, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - G Naughton
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 464 Bearsden Road, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - M L Wiseman-Orr
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Science and Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - T Parkin
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 464 Bearsden Road, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - J Reid
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 464 Bearsden Road, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
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Bellows J, Colitz CMH, Daristotle L, Ingram DK, Lepine A, Marks SL, Sanderson SL, Tomlinson J, Zhang J. Defining healthy aging in older dogs and differentiating healthy aging from disease. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2016; 246:77-89. [PMID: 25517329 DOI: 10.2460/javma.246.1.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bellows
- Pets Dental, 17100 Royal Palm, Weston, FL 33326
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German AJ, Holden SL, Serisier S, Queau Y, Biourge V. Assessing the adequacy of essential nutrient intake in obese dogs undergoing energy restriction for weight loss: a cohort study. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:253. [PMID: 26446678 PMCID: PMC4597434 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0570-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canine obesity is usually treated with dietary energy restriction, but data are limited regarding nutritional adequacy. The aim of the current study was to compare intake of essential nutrients with National Research Council recommendations in obese dogs during weight management with a purpose-formulated diet. Methods Twenty-seven dogs were included in this non-randomised retrospective observational cohort study. All were determined to be systemically well, and without significant abnormalities based upon physical examination and clinicopathological assessments. The dogs underwent a controlled weight loss protocol of at least 182 days’ duration using a high protein high fibre weight loss diet. Median, maximum, and minimum daily intakes of all essential nutrients were compared against NRC 2006 recommended allowances (RA) for adult dogs. Results Median weight loss was 28 % (16–40 %), mean daily energy intake was 61 kcal/kg0.75 (44–74 kcal/kg0.75), and no clinical signs of nutrient deficiency were observed in any dog. Based upon the average nutrient content of the diet, daily intake of the majority of essential nutrients was greater than their NRC 2006 recommended allowance (RA per kg body weight0.75), except for selenium, choline, methionine/cysteine, tryptophan, magnesium, and potassium. However, apart from choline (2/27 dogs) and methionine/cysteine (2/27 dogs), all essential nutrients remained above NRC minimum requirements (MR) throughout the trial. Conclusions When fed the diet used in the current study, daily intakes of most essential nutrients meet both their NRC 2006 RA and MR in obese dogs during weight loss. In light of absence of clinical signs of nutrient deficiency, it is unclear what significance intakes less that NRC cut-offs for some nutrients have (especially selenium and choline), and further studies are recommended. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-015-0570-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J German
- Department of Obesity and Endocrinology (Holden and German), University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, Wirral CH64 7TE, UK. .,Royal Canin Research Center (Serisier, Queau, Biourge), 30470, Aimargues, France.
| | - Shelley L Holden
- Department of Obesity and Endocrinology (Holden and German), University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, Wirral CH64 7TE, UK.,Royal Canin Research Center (Serisier, Queau, Biourge), 30470, Aimargues, France
| | - Samuel Serisier
- Department of Obesity and Endocrinology (Holden and German), University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, Wirral CH64 7TE, UK.,Royal Canin Research Center (Serisier, Queau, Biourge), 30470, Aimargues, France
| | - Yann Queau
- Department of Obesity and Endocrinology (Holden and German), University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, Wirral CH64 7TE, UK.,Royal Canin Research Center (Serisier, Queau, Biourge), 30470, Aimargues, France
| | - Vincent Biourge
- Department of Obesity and Endocrinology (Holden and German), University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, Wirral CH64 7TE, UK.,Royal Canin Research Center (Serisier, Queau, Biourge), 30470, Aimargues, France
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García-Guasch L, Caro-Vadillo A, Manubens-Grau J, Carretón E, Camacho AA, Montoya-Alonso JA. Pulmonary function in obese vs non-obese cats. J Feline Med Surg 2015; 17:494-9. [PMID: 25209968 PMCID: PMC10816798 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x14548786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor in the development of several respiratory diseases. Lung volumes tend to be decreased, especially expiratory reserve volume, increasing expiratory flow limitation during tidal breathing. Barometric whole-body plethysmography is a non-invasive pulmonary function test that allows a dynamic study of breathing patterns. The objective of this study was to compare pulmonary function variables between obese and non-obese cats through the use of barometric whole-body plethysmography. Nine normal-weight and six obese cats were placed in the plethysmograph chamber, and different respiratory variables were measured. There was a significant decrease in tidal volume per kilogram (P = 0.003), minute volume per kilogram (P = 0.001) and peak inspiratory and expiratory flows per kilogram (P = 0.001) in obese cats compared with non-obese cats. Obesity failed to demonstrate a significant increase in bronchoconstriction index variable enhanced pause (Penh), as previously reported in humans and dogs. The results show that feline obesity impairs pulmonary function in cats, although a significant increase in bronchoconstriction indexes was not observed. Non-invasive barometric whole-body plethysmography can help characterise mechanical dysfunction of the airways in obese cats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alicia Caro-Vadillo
- Internal Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Elena Carretón
- Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas (Las Palmas), Spain
| | - Aparecido A Camacho
- Animal Surgery and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - José Alberto Montoya-Alonso
- Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas (Las Palmas), Spain
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Brooks D, Churchill J, Fein K, Linder D, Michel KE, Tudor K, Ward E, Witzel A. 2014 AAHA weight management guidelines for dogs and cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2015; 50:1-11. [PMID: 24216501 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-6331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Communicating and implementing a weight management program for dogs and cats can be a challenging endeavor for veterinarians, but a rewarding one. An effective individualized weight loss program provides a consistent and healthy rate of weight loss to reduce risk of disease, prevent malnutrition, and improve quality of life. Weight loss is achieved with appropriate caloric restriction, diet selection, exercise, and strategies to help modify behavior of both the pet and client. This document offers guidelines and tools for the management of weight loss and long-term maintenance of healthy weight.
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Love L, Cline MG. Perioperative physiology and pharmacology in the obese small animal patient. Vet Anaesth Analg 2015; 42:119-32. [DOI: 10.1111/vaa.12219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Abstract
Excess weight has been associated with many clinical and subclinical conditions that put a pet's health at risk. Successful weight management programs extend beyond standard nutritional management and incorporate an understanding of human-animal interaction. Understanding the processes and dynamics of human-animal relationships can be a useful tool for practitioners in developing successful treatment plans for their clients. Obesity is a nutritional disorder requiring lifelong management; however, when veterinarians go beyond standard treatment to include an understanding of human-animal interaction, it is also one of the few conditions in veterinary medicine that is completely preventable and curable.
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Pratschke K. Current thinking about brachycephalic syndrome: more than just airways. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.12968/coan.2014.19.2.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Manens J, Ricci R, Damoiseaux C, Gault S, Contiero B, Diez M, Clercx C. Effect of body weight loss on cardiopulmonary function assessed by 6-minute walk test and arterial blood gas analysis in obese dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2013; 28:371-8. [PMID: 24351032 PMCID: PMC4858022 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 10/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies show the detrimental effect of canine obesity on cardiopulmonary function (CPF). The 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) is a noninvasive exercise test easy to perform in clinical settings. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of obesity and body weight loss (BWL) on CPF assessed by the 6MWT and arterial blood gas analysis. ANIMALS Six experimental Beagles and 9 privately owned obese dogs were enrolled in a diet-induced BWL program. METHODS Arterial blood gas analysis and 6MWT were repeated in obese subjects (BCS 8-9/9), in the middle of BWL (overweight, BCS 6-7/9), and in lean dogs (BCS 5/9). Heart rate (HRp) and oxygen saturation (SpO2 ) were measured by pulse oximetry before the 6MWT, at midtest, and during a 5-minute recovery period. RESULTS Twelve dogs completed the BWL program (initial BW, 27.3 ± 2.9 kg; final BW, 20.85 ± 2.9, lsmeans ± SE, P ≤ .001). BWL caused a significant increase in 6MWT walked distance (WD; obese: 509 ± 35 m; overweight: 575 ± 36 m; lean: 589 ± 36 m; P ≤ .05). Resting arterial blood gas results were not influenced by BWL. Including all time points, obese dogs showed higher HRp and lower SpO2 compared to overweight and lean dogs. SpO2 at the end of the walk was significantly lower in obese dogs. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Obesity negatively affects 6MWT performances in dogs. The 6MWT may be used to demonstrate the efficacy of BWL to improve CPF and quality of life in obese dogs. Although BWL induced significant improvement of cardiopulmonary parameters before ideal BW, WD improved until the end of the BWL program.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Manens
- Department for Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Belgium
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