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Maier A, Teunissen AJP, Nauta SA, Lutgens E, Fayad ZA, van Leent MMT. Uncovering atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease by PET imaging. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024; 21:632-651. [PMID: 38575752 PMCID: PMC11324396 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-024-01009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Assessing atherosclerosis severity is essential for precise patient stratification. Specifically, there is a need to identify patients with residual inflammation because these patients remain at high risk of cardiovascular events despite optimal management of cardiovascular risk factors. Molecular imaging techniques, such as PET, can have an essential role in this context. PET imaging can indicate tissue-based disease status, detect early molecular changes and provide whole-body information. Advances in molecular biology and bioinformatics continue to help to decipher the complex pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and inform the development of imaging tracers. Concomitant advances in tracer synthesis methods and PET imaging technology provide future possibilities for atherosclerosis imaging. In this Review, we summarize the latest developments in PET imaging techniques and technologies for assessment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and discuss the relationship between imaging readouts and transcriptomics-based plaque phenotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Maier
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Abraham J P Teunissen
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sheqouia A Nauta
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Cardiovascular Medicine and Immunology, Experimental Cardiovascular Immunology Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Zahi A Fayad
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mandy M T van Leent
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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Ng SJ, Lau HC, Naseer R, Sandhu S, Raynor WY, Werner TJ, Alavi A. Atherosclerosis Imaging. PET Clin 2023; 18:71-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Hu Q, Fang Z, Ge J, Li H. Nanotechnology for cardiovascular diseases. Innovation (N Y) 2022; 3:100214. [PMID: 35243468 PMCID: PMC8866095 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2022.100214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases have become the major killers in today's world, among which coronary artery diseases (CADs) make the greatest contributions to morbidity and mortality. Although state-of-the-art technologies have increased our knowledge of the cardiovascular system, the current diagnosis and treatment modalities for CADs still have limitations. As an emerging cross-disciplinary approach, nanotechnology has shown great potential for clinical use. In this review, recent advances in nanotechnology in the diagnosis of CADs will first be elucidated. Both the sensitivity and specificity of biosensors for biomarker detection and molecular imaging strategies, such as magnetic resonance imaging, optical imaging, nuclear scintigraphy, and multimodal imaging strategies, have been greatly increased with the assistance of nanomaterials. Second, various nanomaterials, such as liposomes, polymers (PLGA), inorganic nanoparticles (AuNPs, MnO2, etc.), natural nanoparticles (HDL, HA), and biomimetic nanoparticles (cell-membrane coating) will be discussed as engineered as drug (chemicals, proteins, peptides, and nucleic acids) carriers targeting pathological sites based on their optimal physicochemical properties and surface modification potential. Finally, some of these nanomaterials themselves are regarded as pharmaceuticals for the treatment of atherosclerosis because of their intrinsic antioxidative/anti-inflammatory and photoelectric/photothermal characteristics in a complex plaque microenvironment. In summary, novel nanotechnology-based research in the process of clinical transformation could continue to expand the horizon of nanoscale technologies in the diagnosis and therapy of CADs in the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Xuhui District Central Hospital & Zhongshan-xuhui Hospital, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zheyan Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Xuhui District Central Hospital & Zhongshan-xuhui Hospital, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Xuhui District Central Hospital & Zhongshan-xuhui Hospital, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Xuhui District Central Hospital & Zhongshan-xuhui Hospital, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Thakur R, Suri CR, Kaur IP, Rishi P. Review. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 2022; 40:49-100. [DOI: 10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.2022040322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Prigent K, Vigne J. Advances in Radiopharmaceutical Sciences for Vascular Inflammation Imaging: Focus on Clinical Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237111. [PMID: 34885690 PMCID: PMC8659223 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomedical imaging technologies offer identification of several anatomic and molecular features of disease pathogenesis. Molecular imaging techniques to assess cellular processes in vivo have been useful in advancing our understanding of several vascular inflammatory diseases. For the non-invasive molecular imaging of vascular inflammation, nuclear medicine constitutes one of the best imaging modalities, thanks to its high sensitivity for the detection of probes in tissues. 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose ([18F]FDG) is currently the most widely used radiopharmaceutical for molecular imaging of vascular inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis and large-vessel vasculitis. The combination of [18F]FDG and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging has become a powerful tool to identify and monitor non-invasively inflammatory activities over time but suffers from several limitations including a lack of specificity and avid background in different localizations. The use of novel radiotracers may help to better understand the underlying pathophysiological processes and overcome some limitations of [18F]FDG PET for the imaging of vascular inflammation. This review examines how [18F]FDG PET has given us deeper insight into the role of inflammation in different vascular pathologies progression and discusses perspectives for alternative radiopharmaceuticals that could provide a more specific and simple identification of pathologies where vascular inflammation is implicated. Use of these novel PET tracers could lead to a better understanding of underlying disease mechanisms and help inform the identification and stratification of patients for newly emerging immune-modulatory therapies. Future research is needed to realize the true clinical translational value of PET imaging in vascular inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Prigent
- CHU de Caen Normandie, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, 14000 Caen, France;
| | - Jonathan Vigne
- CHU de Caen Normandie, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, 14000 Caen, France;
- CHU de Caen Normandie, Department of Pharmacy, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, 14000 Caen, France
- UNICAEN, INSERM U1237, Etablissement Français du Sang, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Normandie University, 14000 Caen, France
- Correspondence:
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Ćorović A, Wall C, Mason JC, Rudd JHF, Tarkin JM. Novel Positron Emission Tomography Tracers for Imaging Vascular Inflammation. Curr Cardiol Rep 2020; 22:119. [PMID: 32772188 PMCID: PMC7415747 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-020-01372-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review To provide a focused update on recent advances in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in vascular inflammatory diseases and consider future directions in the field. Recent Findings While PET imaging with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) can provide a useful marker of disease activity in several vascular inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis and large-vessel vasculitis, this tracer lacks inflammatory cell specificity and is not a practical solution for imaging the coronary vasculature because of avid background myocardial signal. To overcome these limitations, research is ongoing to identify novel PET tracers that can more accurately track individual components of vascular immune responses. Use of these novel PET tracers could lead to a better understanding of underlying disease mechanisms and help inform the identification and stratification of patients for newly emerging immune-modulatory therapies. Summary Future research is needed to realise the true clinical translational value of PET imaging in vascular inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Ćorović
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christopher Wall
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Justin C Mason
- Cardiovascular Division, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - James H F Rudd
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jason M Tarkin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. .,Cardiovascular Division, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Wei L, Petryk J, Gaudet C, Kamkar M, Gan W, Duan Y, Ruddy TD. Development of an inflammation imaging tracer, 111In-DOTA-DAPTA, targeting chemokine receptor CCR5 and preliminary evaluation in an ApoE -/- atherosclerosis mouse model. J Nucl Cardiol 2019; 26:1169-1178. [PMID: 29417414 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-018-1203-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) plays an important role in atherosclerosis. Our objective was to develop a SPECT tracer targeting CCR5 for imaging plaque inflammation by radiolabeling D-Ala-peptide T-amide (DAPTA), a CCR5 antagonist, with 111In. METHODS 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) conjugated DAPTA (DOTA-DAPTA) was labeled with 111In. Cell uptake studies were conducted in U87-CD4-CCR5 and U87-MG cells. Biodistribution was determined in C57BL/6 mice. Autoradiography, en face and Oil Red O (ORO) imaging studies were performed in ApoE-/- mice. RESULTS DOTA-DAPTA was radiolabeled with 111In with high radiochemical purity (> 98%) and specific activity (70 MBq·nmol). 111In-DOTA-DAPTA exhibited fast blood and renal clearance and high spleen uptake. The U87-CD4-CCR5 cells had significantly higher uptake in comparison to the U87-MG cells. The cell uptake was reduced by three times with DAPTA, indicating the receptor specificity of the uptake. Autoradiographic images showed significantly higher lesion uptake of 111In-DOTA-DAPTA in ApoE-/- mice than that in C57BL/6 mice. The tracer uptake in 4 month old ApoE-/- high fat diet (HFD) mice with blocking agent was twofold lower than the same mice without the blocking agent, demonstrating the specificity of the tracer for the CCR5 receptor. CONCLUSION 111In-DOTA-DAPTA, specifically targeting chemokine receptor CCR5, is a potential SPECT agent for imaging inflammation in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Wei
- Nordion Inc., 447 March Road, Ottawa, ON, K2K 1X8, Canada.
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4W7, Canada.
- Nordion Lab, Canadian Molecular Imaging Center of Excellence (C-MICE), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4W7, Canada.
| | - Julia Petryk
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4W7, Canada
- Nordion Lab, Canadian Molecular Imaging Center of Excellence (C-MICE), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Chantal Gaudet
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Maryam Kamkar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Wei Gan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4W7, Canada
- Nordion Lab, Canadian Molecular Imaging Center of Excellence (C-MICE), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Yin Duan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4W7, Canada
- Nordion Lab, Canadian Molecular Imaging Center of Excellence (C-MICE), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Terrence D Ruddy
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4W7, Canada
- Nordion Lab, Canadian Molecular Imaging Center of Excellence (C-MICE), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4W7, Canada
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Liu Y, Woodard PK. Chemokine receptors: Key for molecular imaging of inflammation in atherosclerosis. J Nucl Cardiol 2019; 26:1179-1181. [PMID: 29516368 PMCID: PMC6128785 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-018-1248-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Liu
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Pamela K Woodard
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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Liu Y, Luehmann HP, Detering L, Pressly ED, McGrath AJ, Sultan D, Nguyen A, Grathwohl S, Shokeen M, Zayed M, Gropler RJ, Abendschein D, Hawker CJ, Woodard PK. Assessment of Targeted Nanoparticle Assemblies for Atherosclerosis Imaging with Positron Emission Tomography and Potential for Clinical Translation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:15316-15321. [PMID: 30969098 PMCID: PMC6918720 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b02750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have been assessed in preclinical models of atherosclerosis for detection of plaque complexity and treatment. However, their successful clinical translation has been hampered by less than satisfactory plaque detection and lack of a general strategy for assessing the translational potential of nanoparticles. Herein, nanoparticles based on comb-co-polymer assemblies were synthesized through a modular construction approach with precise control over the conjugation of multiple functional building blocks for in vivo evaluation. This high level of design control also allows physicochemical properties to be varied in a controllable fashion. Through conjugation of c-atrial natriuretic factor (CANF) peptide and radiolabeling with 64Cu, the 64Cu-CANF-comb nanoparticle was assessed for plaque imaging by targeting natriuretic peptide clearance receptor (NPRC) in a double-injury atherosclerosis model in rabbits. The prolonged blood circulation and enhanced binding capacity of 64Cu-CANF-comb nanoparticles provided sensitive and specific imaging of NPRC overexpressed in atherosclerotic lesions by positron emission tomography at intervals during the progression of the disease. Ex vivo tissue validation using autoradiography and immunostaining on human carotid endarterectomy specimens demonstrated specific binding of 64Cu-CANF-comb to human NPRC receptors. Taken together, this study not only shows the potential of NPRC-targeted 64Cu-CANF-comb nanoparticles for increased sensitivity to an epitope that increases during atherosclerosis plaque development but also provides a useful strategy for the general design and assessment of the translational potential of nanoparticles in cardiovascular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Liu
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Hannah P. Luehmann
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Lisa Detering
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Eric D. Pressly
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Alaina J. McGrath
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Deborah Sultan
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Annie Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Susannah Grathwohl
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Monica Shokeen
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Mohamed Zayed
- Department of Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Robert J. Gropler
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Dana Abendschein
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Craig J. Hawker
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Pamela K. Woodard
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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Hu Q, Liu Q, Wang S, Zhen X, Zhang Z, Lv R, Jiang G, Ma Z, He H, Li D, Liu X, Gao F, Li J, Li L, Zhang M, Ji X, Chen Y, Wang D, Huang D, Ma A, Huang W, Zhao Y, Gong Y, Zhang C, Zhang Y. NPR-C gene polymorphism is associated with increased susceptibility to coronary artery disease in Chinese Han population: a multicenter study. Oncotarget 2018; 7:33662-74. [PMID: 27191271 PMCID: PMC5085110 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To find a new locus that confers significant susceptibility to CAD in Chinese Han population, a genome-wide association study in 200 “extreme individuals” from a Shandong cohort and a pathway-based candidate gene study from a Shanghai cohort (293 CAD/293 controls) were simultaneously performed. Amongst them, 13 SNPs associated with CAD were selected to conduct validation and replication studies in additional 3363 CAD patients and 3148 controls. A novel locus rs700926 in natriuretic peptide receptor C (NPR-C) was identified in Shandong and Hubei cohorts. Then rs700926 and other nine tag SNPs were genotyped in four geographically different populations (Shandong, Shaanxi, Hubei and Sichuan cohorts), and 6 SNPs (rs700926, rs1833529, rs2270915, rs17541471, rs3792758 and rs696831) showed stronger association with CAD, regardless of single or combined analysis. We further genotyped rs2270915 and 10 additional tag SNPs in a central China cohort and identified rs12697273 and rs10066436 as the loci associated with CAD. All these positive associations remained significant after adjustment for traditional risk factors of CAD. NPR-C gene SNPs significantly contribute to CAD susceptibility in the Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Department of Cardiology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qiji Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shasha Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Department of Cardiology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xi Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Department of Cardiology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhimian Zhang
- Medical Examination Center, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ruijuan Lv
- Department of Emergency, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guihua Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Department of Cardiology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiyong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Department of Cardiology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hong He
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Department of Cardiology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Daqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Department of Cardiology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Department of Cardiology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Department of Cardiology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jifu Li
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Department of Cardiology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Department of Cardiology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Department of Cardiology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoping Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Department of Cardiology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuguo Chen
- Department of Emergency, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Daowen Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dejia Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Aiqun Ma
- Department of Cardiology and Periphery Vascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Department of Genetics, Chinese National Human Genome Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Department of Cardiology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yaoqin Gong
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Department of Cardiology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Department of Cardiology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Liu Y, Gunsten SP, Sultan DH, Luehmann HP, Zhao Y, Blackwell TS, Bollermann-Nowlis Z, Pan JH, Byers DE, Atkinson JJ, Kreisel D, Holtzman MJ, Gropler RJ, Combadiere C, Brody SL. PET-based Imaging of Chemokine Receptor 2 in Experimental and Disease-related Lung Inflammation. Radiology 2017; 283:758-768. [PMID: 28045644 PMCID: PMC5452886 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2016161409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To characterize a chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2)-binding peptide adapted for use as a positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer for noninvasive detection of lung inflammation in a mouse model of lung injury and in human tissues from subjects with lung disease. Materials and Methods The study was approved by institutional animal and human studies committees. Informed consent was obtained from patients. A 7-amino acid CCR2 binding peptide (extracellular loop 1 inverso [ECL1i]) was conjugated to tetraazacyclododecane tetraacetic acid (DOTA) and labeled with copper 64 (64Cu) or fluorescent dye. Lung inflammation was induced with intratracheal administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in wild-type (n = 19) and CCR2-deficient (n = 4) mice, and these mice were compared with wild-type mice given control saline (n = 5) by using PET performed after intravenous injection of 64Cu-DOTA-ECL1i. Lung immune cells and those binding fluorescently labeled ECL1i in vivo were detected with flow cytometry. Lung inflammation in tissue from subjects with nondiseased lungs donated for lung transplantation (n = 11) and those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who were undergoing lung transplantation (n = 16) was evaluated for CCR2 with immunostaining and autoradiography (n = 6, COPD) with 64Cu-DOTA-ECL1i. Groups were compared with analysis of variance, the Mann-Whitney U test, or the t test. Results Signal on PET images obtained in mouse lungs after injury with LPS was significantly greater than that in the saline control group (mean = 4.43% of injected dose [ID] per gram of tissue vs 0.99% of injected dose per gram of tissue; P < .001). PET signal was significantly diminished with blocking studies using nonradiolabeled ECL1i in excess (mean = 0.63% ID per gram of tissue; P < .001) and in CCR2-deficient mice (mean = 0.39% ID per gram of tissue; P < .001). The ECL1i signal was associated with an elevated level of mouse lung monocytes. COPD lung tissue displayed significantly elevated CCR2 levels compared with nondiseased tissue (median = 12.8% vs 1.2% cells per sample; P = .002), which was detected with 64Cu-DOTA-ECL1i by using autoradiography. Conclusion 64Cu-DOTA-ECL1i is a promising tool for PET-based detection of CCR2-directed inflammation in an animal model and in human tissues as a step toward clinical translation. © RSNA, 2017 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Liu
- From the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (Y.L., D.H.S., H.P.L., Y.Z., R.J.G., S.L.B.) and Departments of Medicine (S.P.G., T.S.B., Z.B.N., J.H.P., D.E.B., J.J.A., M.J.H., R.J.G., S.L.B.), Surgery (D.K.), Pathology and Immunology (D.K.), and Cell Biology (M.J.H.), Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, Box 8052, St Louis, MO 63110; and Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI-Paris, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris INSERM, Paris, France (C.C.)
| | - Sean P. Gunsten
- From the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (Y.L., D.H.S., H.P.L., Y.Z., R.J.G., S.L.B.) and Departments of Medicine (S.P.G., T.S.B., Z.B.N., J.H.P., D.E.B., J.J.A., M.J.H., R.J.G., S.L.B.), Surgery (D.K.), Pathology and Immunology (D.K.), and Cell Biology (M.J.H.), Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, Box 8052, St Louis, MO 63110; and Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI-Paris, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris INSERM, Paris, France (C.C.)
| | - Deborah H. Sultan
- From the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (Y.L., D.H.S., H.P.L., Y.Z., R.J.G., S.L.B.) and Departments of Medicine (S.P.G., T.S.B., Z.B.N., J.H.P., D.E.B., J.J.A., M.J.H., R.J.G., S.L.B.), Surgery (D.K.), Pathology and Immunology (D.K.), and Cell Biology (M.J.H.), Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, Box 8052, St Louis, MO 63110; and Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI-Paris, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris INSERM, Paris, France (C.C.)
| | - Hannah P. Luehmann
- From the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (Y.L., D.H.S., H.P.L., Y.Z., R.J.G., S.L.B.) and Departments of Medicine (S.P.G., T.S.B., Z.B.N., J.H.P., D.E.B., J.J.A., M.J.H., R.J.G., S.L.B.), Surgery (D.K.), Pathology and Immunology (D.K.), and Cell Biology (M.J.H.), Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, Box 8052, St Louis, MO 63110; and Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI-Paris, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris INSERM, Paris, France (C.C.)
| | - Yongfeng Zhao
- From the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (Y.L., D.H.S., H.P.L., Y.Z., R.J.G., S.L.B.) and Departments of Medicine (S.P.G., T.S.B., Z.B.N., J.H.P., D.E.B., J.J.A., M.J.H., R.J.G., S.L.B.), Surgery (D.K.), Pathology and Immunology (D.K.), and Cell Biology (M.J.H.), Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, Box 8052, St Louis, MO 63110; and Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI-Paris, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris INSERM, Paris, France (C.C.)
| | - T. Scott Blackwell
- From the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (Y.L., D.H.S., H.P.L., Y.Z., R.J.G., S.L.B.) and Departments of Medicine (S.P.G., T.S.B., Z.B.N., J.H.P., D.E.B., J.J.A., M.J.H., R.J.G., S.L.B.), Surgery (D.K.), Pathology and Immunology (D.K.), and Cell Biology (M.J.H.), Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, Box 8052, St Louis, MO 63110; and Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI-Paris, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris INSERM, Paris, France (C.C.)
| | - Zachary Bollermann-Nowlis
- From the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (Y.L., D.H.S., H.P.L., Y.Z., R.J.G., S.L.B.) and Departments of Medicine (S.P.G., T.S.B., Z.B.N., J.H.P., D.E.B., J.J.A., M.J.H., R.J.G., S.L.B.), Surgery (D.K.), Pathology and Immunology (D.K.), and Cell Biology (M.J.H.), Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, Box 8052, St Louis, MO 63110; and Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI-Paris, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris INSERM, Paris, France (C.C.)
| | - Jie-hong Pan
- From the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (Y.L., D.H.S., H.P.L., Y.Z., R.J.G., S.L.B.) and Departments of Medicine (S.P.G., T.S.B., Z.B.N., J.H.P., D.E.B., J.J.A., M.J.H., R.J.G., S.L.B.), Surgery (D.K.), Pathology and Immunology (D.K.), and Cell Biology (M.J.H.), Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, Box 8052, St Louis, MO 63110; and Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI-Paris, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris INSERM, Paris, France (C.C.)
| | - Derek E. Byers
- From the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (Y.L., D.H.S., H.P.L., Y.Z., R.J.G., S.L.B.) and Departments of Medicine (S.P.G., T.S.B., Z.B.N., J.H.P., D.E.B., J.J.A., M.J.H., R.J.G., S.L.B.), Surgery (D.K.), Pathology and Immunology (D.K.), and Cell Biology (M.J.H.), Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, Box 8052, St Louis, MO 63110; and Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI-Paris, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris INSERM, Paris, France (C.C.)
| | - Jeffrey J. Atkinson
- From the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (Y.L., D.H.S., H.P.L., Y.Z., R.J.G., S.L.B.) and Departments of Medicine (S.P.G., T.S.B., Z.B.N., J.H.P., D.E.B., J.J.A., M.J.H., R.J.G., S.L.B.), Surgery (D.K.), Pathology and Immunology (D.K.), and Cell Biology (M.J.H.), Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, Box 8052, St Louis, MO 63110; and Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI-Paris, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris INSERM, Paris, France (C.C.)
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- From the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (Y.L., D.H.S., H.P.L., Y.Z., R.J.G., S.L.B.) and Departments of Medicine (S.P.G., T.S.B., Z.B.N., J.H.P., D.E.B., J.J.A., M.J.H., R.J.G., S.L.B.), Surgery (D.K.), Pathology and Immunology (D.K.), and Cell Biology (M.J.H.), Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, Box 8052, St Louis, MO 63110; and Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI-Paris, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris INSERM, Paris, France (C.C.)
| | - Michael J. Holtzman
- From the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (Y.L., D.H.S., H.P.L., Y.Z., R.J.G., S.L.B.) and Departments of Medicine (S.P.G., T.S.B., Z.B.N., J.H.P., D.E.B., J.J.A., M.J.H., R.J.G., S.L.B.), Surgery (D.K.), Pathology and Immunology (D.K.), and Cell Biology (M.J.H.), Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, Box 8052, St Louis, MO 63110; and Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI-Paris, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris INSERM, Paris, France (C.C.)
| | - Robert J. Gropler
- From the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (Y.L., D.H.S., H.P.L., Y.Z., R.J.G., S.L.B.) and Departments of Medicine (S.P.G., T.S.B., Z.B.N., J.H.P., D.E.B., J.J.A., M.J.H., R.J.G., S.L.B.), Surgery (D.K.), Pathology and Immunology (D.K.), and Cell Biology (M.J.H.), Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, Box 8052, St Louis, MO 63110; and Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI-Paris, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris INSERM, Paris, France (C.C.)
| | - Christophe Combadiere
- From the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (Y.L., D.H.S., H.P.L., Y.Z., R.J.G., S.L.B.) and Departments of Medicine (S.P.G., T.S.B., Z.B.N., J.H.P., D.E.B., J.J.A., M.J.H., R.J.G., S.L.B.), Surgery (D.K.), Pathology and Immunology (D.K.), and Cell Biology (M.J.H.), Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, Box 8052, St Louis, MO 63110; and Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI-Paris, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris INSERM, Paris, France (C.C.)
| | - Steven L. Brody
- From the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (Y.L., D.H.S., H.P.L., Y.Z., R.J.G., S.L.B.) and Departments of Medicine (S.P.G., T.S.B., Z.B.N., J.H.P., D.E.B., J.J.A., M.J.H., R.J.G., S.L.B.), Surgery (D.K.), Pathology and Immunology (D.K.), and Cell Biology (M.J.H.), Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, Box 8052, St Louis, MO 63110; and Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI-Paris, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris INSERM, Paris, France (C.C.)
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13
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Woodard PK, Liu Y, Pressly ED, Luehmann HP, Detering L, Sultan DE, Laforest R, McGrath AJ, Gropler RJ, Hawker CJ. Design and Modular Construction of a Polymeric Nanoparticle for Targeted Atherosclerosis Positron Emission Tomography Imaging: A Story of 25% (64)Cu-CANF-Comb. Pharm Res 2016; 33:2400-10. [PMID: 27286872 PMCID: PMC5096390 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-1963-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetic profiles, and in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of natriuretic peptide clearance receptors (NPRC) expressed on atherosclerotic plaque of a series of targeted, polymeric nanoparticles. METHODS To control their structure, non-targeted and targeted polymeric (comb) nanoparticles, conjugated with various amounts of c-atrial natriuretic peptide (CANF, 0, 5, 10 and 25%), were synthesized by controlled and modular chemistry. In vivo pharmacokinetic evaluation of these nanoparticles was performed in wildtype (WT) C57BL/6 mice after (64)Cu radiolabeling. PET imaging was performed on an apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE(-/-)) mouse atherosclerosis model to assess the NPRC targeting efficiency. For comparison, an in vivo blood metabolism study was carried out in WT mice. RESULTS All three (64)Cu-CANF-comb nanoparticles showed improved biodistribution profiles, including significantly reduced accumulation in both liver and spleen, compared to the non-targeted (64)Cu-comb. Of the three nanoparticles, the 25% (64)Cu-CANF-comb demonstrated the best NPRC targeting specificity and sensitivity in ApoE(-/-) mice. Metabolism studies showed that the radiolabeled CANF-comb was stable in blood up to 9 days. Histopathological analyses confirmed the up-regulation of NPRC along the progression of atherosclerosis. CONCLUSION The 25% (64)Cu-CANF-comb demonstrated its potential as a PET imaging agent to detect atherosclerosis progression and status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela K Woodard
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Eric D Pressly
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California,, USA
| | - Hannah P Luehmann
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Lisa Detering
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Deborah E Sultan
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Richard Laforest
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Alaina J McGrath
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California,, USA
| | - Robert J Gropler
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Craig J Hawker
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California,, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California,, USA.
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA.
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14
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Kazuma SM, Sultan D, Zhao Y, Detering L, You M, Luehmann HP, Abdalla DSP, Liu Y. Recent Advances of Radionuclide-Based Molecular Imaging of Atherosclerosis. Curr Pharm Des 2016; 21:5267-76. [PMID: 26369676 DOI: 10.2174/1381612821666150915104529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a systemic disease characterized by the development of multifocal plaque lesions within vessel walls and extending into the vascular lumen. The disease takes decades to develop symptomatic lesions, affording opportunities for accurate detection of plaque progression, analysis of risk factors responsible for clinical events, and planning personalized treatment. Of the available molecular imaging modalities, radionuclidebased imaging strategies have been favored due to their sensitivity, quantitative detection and pathways for translational research. This review summarizes recent advances of radiolabeled small molecules, peptides, antibodies and nanoparticles for atherosclerotic plaque imaging during disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yongjian Liu
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110, United States.
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15
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Nie X, Laforest R, Elvington A, Randolph GJ, Zheng J, Voller T, Abendschein DR, Lapi SE, Woodard PK. PET/MRI of Hypoxic Atherosclerosis Using 64Cu-ATSM in a Rabbit Model. J Nucl Med 2016; 57:2006-2011. [PMID: 27390157 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.172544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The macrophage-rich core of advanced human atheroma has been demonstrated to be hypoxic, which may have implications in plaque stability. The goal of this study was to determine the feasibility of the hypoxia PET imaging agent 64Cu-ATSM to detect hypoxia in a rabbit model of atherosclerosis imaged on a simultaneous PET/MR scanner, using MR for both attenuation correction and depiction of lesion location. METHODS New Zealand White rabbits fed a Western diet for 4-6 wk underwent endothelial denudation of the right femoral artery by air desiccation to induce an atherosclerotic-like lesion and underwent a sham operation on the left femoral artery. Four and 8 wk after injury, a 0- to 60-min dynamic whole-body PET/MR examination was performed after injection of approximately 111 MBq of 64Cu-ATSM. After 24 h, a 0- to 75-min dynamic PET/MR examination after injection of approximately 111 MBq of 18F-FDG was performed. The rabbits were euthanized, and the injured femoral artery (IF) and sham-operated femoral artery (SF) were collected for immunohistochemistry assessment of hypoxic macrophages (hypoxia marker pimonidazole, macrophage marker RAM-11, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 α subunit [HIF-1α]). Regions of interest of IF, SF, and background muscle (BM) were drawn on fused PET/MR images, and IF-to-BM and SF-to-BM SUV ratios were compared using the Student t test. RESULTS Elevated uptake of 64Cu-ATSM was found in the rabbits' IF compared with the SF. 64Cu-ATSM imaging demonstrated IF-to-SF SUVmean ratios (±SD) of 1.75 ± 0.21 and 2.30 ± 0.26 at 4 and 8 wk after injury, respectively. 18F-FDG imaging demonstrated IF-to-SF SUVmean ratios of 1.84 ± 0.12 at 8 wk after injury. IF-to-BM SUVmean ratios were significantly higher (P < 0.001) than SF-to-BM SUVmean ratios both 4 and 8 wk after injury for 64Cu-ATSM and 8 wk after injury for 18F-FDG (P < 0.05). Pimonidazole immunohistochemistry at 8 wk colocalized to RAM-11 and HIF-1α. CONCLUSION The results show that hypoxia is present in this rabbit model of atherosclerosis and suggest that 64Cu-ATSM PET/MR is a potentially promising method for the detection of hypoxic and potentially vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Nie
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Richard Laforest
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Andrew Elvington
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Gwendalyn J Randolph
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jie Zheng
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Tom Voller
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Dana R Abendschein
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.,Center for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; and
| | - Suzanne E Lapi
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.,Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Pamela K Woodard
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.,Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
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16
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Zayed MA, Harring SD, Abendschein DR, Vemuri C, Lu D, Detering L, Liu Y, Woodard PK. Natriuretic Peptide Receptor-C is Up-Regulated in the Intima of Advanced Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL & SURGICAL PATHOLOGY 2016; 1:131. [PMID: 27547837 PMCID: PMC4989919 DOI: 10.4172/2472-4971.1000131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Natriuretic peptide receptor-C (NPR-C/NPR-3) is a cell surface protein involved in vascular remodelling that is up-regulated in atherosclerosis. NPR-C expression has not been well characterized in human carotid artery occlusive lesions. We hypothesized that NPR-C expression correlates with intimal features of vulnerable atherosclerotic carotid artery plaque. METHODS To test this hypothesis, we evaluated NPR-C expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in carotid endarterectomy (CEA) specimens isolated from 18 patients. The grade, location, and co-localization of NPR-C in CEA specimens were evaluated using two tissue analysis techniques. RESULTS Relative to minimally diseased CEA specimens, we observed avid NPR-C tissue staining in the intima of maximally diseased CEA specimens (65%; p=0.06). Specifically, maximally diseased CEA specimens demonstrated increased NPR-C expression in the superficial intima (61%, p=0.17), and deep intima (138% increase; p=0.05). In the superficial intima, NPR-C expression significantly co-localized with vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and macrophages. The intensity of NPR-C expression was also higher in the superficial intima plaque shoulder and cap regions, and significantly correlated with atheroma and fibroatheroma vulnerable plaque regions (β=1.04, 95% CI=0.46, 1.64). CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate significant NPR-C expression in the intima of advanced carotid artery plaques. Furthermore, NPR-C expression was higher in vulnerable carotid plaque intimal regions, and correlate with features of advanced disease. Our findings suggest that NPR-C may serve as a potential biomarker for carotid plaque vulnerability and progression, in patients with advanced carotid artery occlusive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Zayed
- Department of Surgery, Section of Vascular Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, USA and Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs St. Louis Health Care System, USA
| | - Scott D Harring
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Dana R Abendschein
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Chandu Vemuri
- Department of Surgery, Section of Vascular Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, USA and Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs St. Louis Health Care System, USA
| | - Dongsi Lu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Lisa Detering
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Pamela K Woodard
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, USA
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17
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Preclinical models of atherosclerosis. The future of Hybrid PET/MR technology for the early detection of vulnerable plaque. Expert Rev Mol Med 2016; 18:e6. [PMID: 27056676 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2016.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in developed countries. The aetiology is currently multifactorial, thus making them very difficult to prevent. Preclinical models of atherothrombotic diseases, including vulnerable plaque-associated complications, are now providing significant insights into pathologies like atherosclerosis, and in combination with the most recent advances in new non-invasive imaging technologies, they have become essential tools to evaluate new therapeutic strategies, with which can forecast and prevent plaque rupture. Positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography imaging is currently used for plaque visualisation in clinical and pre-clinical cardiovascular research, albeit with significant limitations. However, the combination of PET and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technologies is still the best option available today, as combined PET/MRI scans provide simultaneous data acquisition together with high quality anatomical information, sensitivity and lower radiation exposure for the patient. The coming years may represent a new era for the implementation of PET/MRI in clinical practice, but first, clinically efficient attenuation correction algorithms and research towards multimodal reagents and safety issues should be validated at the preclinical level.
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Abstract
Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) is a progressive atherosclerotic disease that leads to stenosis or occlusion of blood vessels supplying the lower extremities. Current diagnostic imaging techniques commonly focus on evaluation of anatomy or blood flow at the macrovascular level and do not permit assessment of the underlying pathophysiology associated with disease progression or treatment response. Molecular imaging with radionuclide-based approaches can offer novel insight into PVD by providing noninvasive assessment of biological processes such as angiogenesis and atherosclerosis. This article discusses emerging radionuclide-based imaging approaches that have potential clinical applications in the evaluation of PVD progression and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchel R Stacy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, PO Box 208017, Dana-3, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Albert J Sinusas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, PO Box 208017, Dana-3, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, PO Box 208042, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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19
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Nie S, Zhang J, Martinez-Zaguilan R, Sennoune S, Hossen MN, Lichtenstein AH, Cao J, Meyerrose GE, Paone R, Soontrapa S, Fan Z, Wang S. Detection of atherosclerotic lesions and intimal macrophages using CD36-targeted nanovesicles. J Control Release 2015; 220:61-70. [PMID: 26450668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Current approaches to the diagnosis and therapy of atherosclerosis cannot target lesion-determinant cells in the artery wall. Intimal macrophage infiltration promotes atherosclerotic lesion development by facilitating the accumulation of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL) and increasing inflammatory responses. The presence of these cells is positively associated with lesion progression, severity and destabilization. Hence, they are an important diagnostic and therapeutic target. The objective of this study was to noninvasively assess the distribution and accumulation of intimal macrophages using CD36-targeted nanovesicles. Soy phosphatidylcholine was used to synthesize liposome-like nanovesicles. 1-(Palmitoyl)-2-(5-keto-6-octene-dioyl) phosphatidylcholine was incorporated on their surface to target the CD36 receptor. All in vitro data demonstrate that these targeted nanovesicles had a high binding affinity for the oxLDL binding site of the CD36 receptor and participated in CD36-mediated recognition and uptake of nanovesicles by macrophages. Intravenous administration into LDL receptor null mice of targeted compared to non-targeted nanovesicles resulted in higher uptake in aortic lesions. The nanovesicles co-localized with macrophages and their CD36 receptors in aortic lesions. This molecular target approach may facilitate the in vivo noninvasive imaging of atherosclerotic lesions in terms of intimal macrophage accumulation and distribution and disclose lesion features related to inflammation and possibly vulnerability thereby facilitate early lesion detection and targeted delivery of therapeutic compounds to intimal macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Nie
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Jia Zhang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Raul Martinez-Zaguilan
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79416, USA
| | - Souad Sennoune
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79416, USA
| | - Md Nazir Hossen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China
| | - Gary E Meyerrose
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Ralph Paone
- Department of Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Suthipong Soontrapa
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Zhaoyang Fan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Nano Tech Center, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
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20
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Bigalke B, Phinikaridou A, Andia ME, Cooper MS, Schuster A, Wurster T, Onthank D, Münch G, Blower P, Gawaz M, Nagel E, Botnar RM. PET/CT and MR imaging biomarker of lipid-rich plaques using [64Cu]-labeled scavenger receptor (CD68-Fc). Int J Cardiol 2014; 177:287-91. [PMID: 25499394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Continued uptake of modified low-density lipoproteins (LDL) by the scavenger receptor, CD68, of activated macrophages is a crucial process in the development of atherosclerotic plaques and leads to the formation of foam cells. Eight-weeks-old male Apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE(-/-)) mice (n = 6) were fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks. C57BL/6J wildtype (WT) mice served as controls (n = 6). Positron emission tomography (PET) with an acquisition time of 1800 s (NanoPET/CT scanner; Mediso, Hungary & Bioscan, USA) was carried out 24h after intravenous tail vein administration of 50 µl (64)Cu-CD68-Fc (~20-30 µg labeled protein/mouse containing approximately 10-12 MBq (64)Cu-CD68-Fc per mouse). Three days after PET/CT, all mice received an intravenous administration of 0.2 mmol/kg body weight of a gadolinium-based elastin-binding contrast agent to assess plaque burden and vessel wall remodeling. Two hours after injection, mice were imaged in a 3T clinical MR scanner (Philips Healthcare, Best, NL) using a dedicated single loop surface coil (23 mm). Enhanced (64)Cu-CD68-Fc uptake was found in the aortic arches of ApoE(-/-) compared to WT mice (ApoE(-/-) mice:10.5 ± 1.5 Bq/cm(3) vs. WT mice: 2.1 ± 0.3 Bq/cm(3); P = 0.002). Higher gadolinium-based elastin-binding contrast agent uptake was also detected in the aortic arch of ApoE(-/-) compared to WT mice using R(1) maps (R(1) = 1.47 ± 0.06 s(-1) vs. 0.92 ± 0.05 s(-1); P <0.001). Radiolabeled scavenger receptor ((64)Cu-CD68-Fc) may help to target foam cell rich plaques with high content of oxidized LDL. This novel imaging biomarker tool may have potential to identify unstable plaques and for risk stratification.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Carotid Artery, Common/diagnostic imaging
- Carotid Artery, Common/pathology
- Copper Radioisotopes
- Disease Models, Animal
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/diagnosis
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/metabolism
- Positron-Emission Tomography/methods
- Receptors, Scavenger/metabolism
- Reproducibility of Results
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Bigalke
- King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom; Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medizinische Klinik für Kardiologie und Pulmologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alkystis Phinikaridou
- King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marcelo E Andia
- King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom; Radiology Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Chile
| | - Margaret S Cooper
- King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Schuster
- King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom; Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany; Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK Partner Site), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Wurster
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Philip Blower
- King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom
| | - Meinrad Gawaz
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eike Nagel
- King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom; BHF Centre of Excellence, King's College London, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust and EPSRC Medical Engineering Center, King's College London, United Kingdom; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rene M Botnar
- King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom; AdvanceCor GmbH, Martinsried, Germany; Wellcome Trust and EPSRC Medical Engineering Center, King's College London, United Kingdom; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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21
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Teresa Albelda M, Garcia-España E, Frias JC. Visualizing the atherosclerotic plaque: a chemical perspective. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:2858-76. [PMID: 24526041 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60410a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the major underlying pathologic cause of coronary artery disease. An early detection of the disease can prevent clinical sequellae such as angina, myocardial infarction, and stroke. The different imaging techniques employed to visualize the atherosclerotic plaque provide information of diagnostic and prognostic value. Furthermore, the use of contrast agents helps to improve signal-to-noise ratio providing better images. For nuclear imaging techniques and optical imaging these agents are absolutely necessary. We report on the different contrast agents that have been used, are used or may be used in future in animals, humans, or excised tissues for the distinct imaging modalities for atherosclerotic plaque imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Teresa Albelda
- Universidad de Valencia, Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Edificio de Institutos de Paterna, c/ Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46071 Valencia, Spain
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22
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Abstract
Nuclear imaging techniques that include positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon computed tomography have found great success in the clinic because of their inherent high sensitivity. Radionuclide imaging is the most popular form of imaging to be used for molecular imaging in oncology. While many types of molecules have been used for radionuclide-based molecular imaging, there has been a great interest in developing newer nanomaterials for use in clinic, especially for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Nanomaterials have unique physical properties which allow them to be used as imaging probes to locate and identify cancerous lesions. Over the past decade, a great number of nanoparticles have been developed for radionuclide imaging of cancer. This chapter reviews the different kinds of nanomaterials, both organic and inorganic, which are currently being researched for as potential agents for nuclear imaging of variety of cancers. Several radiolabeled multifunctional nanocarriers have been extremely successful for the detection of cancer in preclinical models. So far, significant progress has been achieved in nanoparticle structure design, in vitro/in vivo trafficking, and in vivo fate mapping by using PET. There is a great need for the development of newer nanoparticles, which improve active targeting and quantify new biomarkers for early disease detection and possible prevention of cancer.
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23
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Maji D, Solomon M, Nguyen A, Pierce RA, Woodard PK, Akers WJ, Achilefu S, Culver JP, Abendschein DR, Shokeen M. Noninvasive imaging of focal atherosclerotic lesions using fluorescence molecular tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2014; 19:110501. [PMID: 25389566 PMCID: PMC4229053 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.11.110501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Insights into the etiology of stroke and myocardial infarction suggest that rupture of unstable atherosclerotic plaque is the precipitating event. Clinicians lack tools to detect lesion instability early enough to intervene, and are often left to manage patients empirically, or worse, after plaque rupture. Noninvasive imaging of the molecular events signaling prerupture plaque progression has the potential to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with myocardial infarction and stroke by allowing early intervention. Here, we demonstrate proof-of-principle in vivo molecular imaging of C-type natriuretic peptide receptor in focal atherosclerotic lesions in the femoral arteries of New Zealand white rabbits using a custom built fiber-based, fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) system. Longitudinal imaging showed changes in the fluorescence signal intensity as the plaque progressed in the air-desiccated vessel compared to the uninjured vessel, which was validated by ex vivo tissue studies. In summary, we demonstrate the potential of FMT for noninvasive detection of molecular events leading to unstable lesions heralding plaque rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolonchampa Maji
- Washington University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, 4525 Scott Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Metasebya Solomon
- Washington University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, 4525 Scott Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Annie Nguyen
- Washington University School of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Internal Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Richard A. Pierce
- Washington University School of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Internal Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Pamela K. Woodard
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, 4525 Scott Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Walter J. Akers
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, 4525 Scott Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Samuel Achilefu
- Washington University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, 4525 Scott Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Joseph P. Culver
- Washington University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, 4525 Scott Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Dana R. Abendschein
- Washington University School of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Internal Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Monica Shokeen
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, 4525 Scott Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Monica Shokeen, E-mail:
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24
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Abstract
Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) is an atherosclerotic disease affecting the lower extremities, resulting in skeletal muscle ischemia, intermittent claudication, and, in more severe stages of disease, limb amputation and death. The evaluation of therapy in this patient population can be challenging, as the standard clinical indices are insensitive to assessment of regional alterations in skeletal muscle physiology. Radiotracer imaging of the lower extremities with techniques such as PET and SPECT can provide a noninvasive quantitative technique for the evaluation of the pathophysiology associated with PVD and may complement clinical indices and other imaging approaches. This review discusses the progress in radiotracer-based evaluation of PVD and highlights recent advancements in molecular imaging with potential for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchel R. Stacy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Wunan Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Albert J. Sinusas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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25
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Palestro CJ, Glaudemans AWJM, Dierckx RAJO. Multiagent imaging of inflammation and infection with radionuclides. Clin Transl Imaging 2013; 1:385-396. [PMID: 32289033 PMCID: PMC7102491 DOI: 10.1007/s40336-013-0041-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imaging with single photon- and positron-emitting tracers plays an important role in the evaluation of inflammation and infection. Although supplanted by labeled leukocyte imaging for most indications, gallium-67 remains useful for opportunistic infections, pulmonary inflammation and interstitial nephritis and, when [18F]FDG is not available, spinal infection and fever of unknown origin. In vitro labeled leukocyte imaging is the radionuclide procedure of choice for most infections in immunocompetent patients. When performed for musculoskeletal infection, complementary bone marrow imaging usually is necessary. Recent data suggest that dual time point imaging might be an alternative to marrow imaging. Several methods of labeling leukocytes in vivo, with agents including antigranulocyte antibodies and antibody fragments, peptides and cytokines, have been investigated, with variable results. These agents are not widely available and none of them are available in the USA. Radiolabeled antibiotics have been investigated as “infection-specific” tracers, but the results to date have been disappointing. Conversely, radiolabeled antimicrobial peptides do hold promise as infection-specific tracers. The use of positron-emitting tracers for diagnosing inflammation and infection has generated considerable interest. [18F]FDG is useful in fever of unknown origin, spinal osteomyelitis, vasculitis and sarcoidosis. Other positron-emitting tracers that have been investigated include [18F]FDG-labeled leukocytes, copper-64-labeled leukocytes, gallium-68 citrate and iodine-124 FIAU. Although radiolabeled tracers are used primarily for diagnosis, they also offer objective biomarkers for assessing response to therapeutic interventions in inflammatory diseases. They could also potentially be used to target cells and molecules with specific receptor expression for histological characterization, select patients for receptor-targeted therapy and predict response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Palestro
- Department of Radiology, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ, School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY USA
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, NY USA
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, 270-05 76th Avenue, New Hyde Park, NY 11040 USA
| | - Andor W. J. M. Glaudemans
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rudi A. J. O. Dierckx
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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26
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Orbay H, Hong H, Zhang Y, Cai W. Positron emission tomography imaging of atherosclerosis. Theranostics 2013; 3:894-902. [PMID: 24312158 PMCID: PMC3841339 DOI: 10.7150/thno.5506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular events are the leading causes of death in the industrialized world. Atherosclerosis develops insidiously and the initial manifestation is usually sudden cardiac death, stroke, or myocardial infarction. Molecular imaging is a valuable tool to identify the disease at an early stage before fatal manifestations occur. Among the various molecular imaging techniques, this review mainly focuses on positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of atherosclerosis. The targets and pathways that have been investigated to date for PET imaging of atherosclerosis include: glycolysis, cell membrane metabolism (phosphatidylcholine synthesis), integrin αvβ3, low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors (LDLr), natriuretic peptide clearance receptors (NPCRs), fatty acid synthesis, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), macrophages, platelets, etc. Many PET tracers have been investigated clinically for imaging of atherosclerosis. Early diagnosis of atherosclerotic lesions by PET imaging can help to prevent the premature death caused by atherosclerosis, and smooth translation of promising PET tracers into the clinic is critical to the benefit of patients.
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27
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Ibricevic A, Guntsen SP, Zhang K, Shrestha R, Liu Y, Sun JY, Welch MJ, Wooley KL, Brody SL. PEGylation of cationic, shell-crosslinked-knedel-like nanoparticles modulates inflammation and enhances cellular uptake in the lung. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2013; 9:912-22. [PMID: 23453959 PMCID: PMC3724762 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The airway provides a direct route for administration of nanoparticles bearing therapeutic or diagnostic payloads to the lung, however optimization of nanoplatforms for intracellular delivery remains challenging. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) surface modification improves systemic performance but less is known about PEGylated nanoparticles administered to the airway. To test this, we generated a library of cationic, shell crosslinked knedel-like nanoparticles (cSCKs), including PEG (1.5 kDa PEG; 2, 5, 10 molecules/polymer arm) on the outer shell. Delivery of PEGylated cSCK to the mouse airway showed significantly less inflammation in a PEG dose-dependent manner. PEGylation also enhanced the entry of cSCKs in lung alveolar epithelial cells and improved surfactant penetration. The PEGylation effect could be explained by the altered mechanism of endocytosis. While non-PEGylated cSCKs used the clathrin-dependent route for endocytosis, entry of PEGylated cSCK was clathrin-independent. Thus, nanoparticle surface modification with PEG represents an advantageous design for lung delivery. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR In this study, the effects of PEGylation were studied on cross linked knedel-like nanoparticles in drug delivery through the lungs, demonstrating less airway inflammation in the studied model than with non-PEGylated nanoparticles, which suggests an overall favorable profile of PEGylated nanoparticles for alveolar delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Ibricevic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Sean P. Guntsen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ritu Shrestha
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jing Yi Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Michael J. Welch
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Karen L. Wooley
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Steven L. Brody
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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28
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Zhang Z, Liu Y, Jarreau C, Welch MJ, Taylor JSA. Nucleic Acid-directed Self-assembly of Multifunctional Gold Nanoparticle Imaging Agents. Biomater Sci 2013; 1:1055-1064. [PMID: 24058728 PMCID: PMC3777812 DOI: 10.1039/c3bm60070j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles have attracted much interest as a platform for development of multifunctional imaging and therapeutic agents. Multifunctionalized gold nanoparticles are generally constructed by covalent assembly of a gold core with thiolated ligands. In this study, we have assembled multifunctionalized gold nanoparticles in one step by nucleic acid hybridization of ODN (oligodeoxynucleotide)-derivatized gold nanoparticles with a library of pre-functionalized complementary PNAs (peptide nucleic acids). The PNAs were functionalized by conjugation with DOTA (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid) for chelating 64Cu for PET imaging, PEG (polyethylene glycol) for conferring stealth properties, and Cy5 for fluorescent imaging. The resulting nanoparticles showed good stability both in vitro and in vivo showing biodistribution behavior in a mouse that would be expected for a PEGylated gold nanoparticle rather than that for the radiolabelled PNA used in its assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Chad Jarreau
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Michael J. Welch
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - John-Stephen A. Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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29
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Liu Y, Pierce R, Luehmann HP, Sharp TL, Welch MJ. PET imaging of chemokine receptors in vascular injury-accelerated atherosclerosis. J Nucl Med 2013; 54:1135-41. [PMID: 23658218 PMCID: PMC4251467 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.112.114777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Atherosclerosis is the pathophysiologic process behind lethal cardiovascular diseases. It is a chronic inflammatory progression. Chemokines can strongly affect the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis by controlling the trafficking of inflammatory cells in vivo through interaction with their receptors. Some chemokine receptors have been reported to play an important role in plaque development and stability. However, the diagnostic potential of chemokine receptors has not yet been explored. The purpose of this study was to develop a positron emitter-radiolabeled probe to image the upregulation of chemokine receptor in a wire-injury-accelerated apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE(-/-)) mouse model of atherosclerosis. METHODS A viral macrophage inflammatory protein II (vMIP-II) was used to image the upregulation of multiple chemokine receptors through conjugation with DOTA for (64)Cu radiolabeling and PET. Imaging studies were performed at 2 and 4 wk after injury in both wire-injured ApoE(-/-) and wild-type C57BL/6 mice. Competitive PET blocking studies with nonradiolabeled vMIP-II were performed to confirm the imaging specificity. Specific PET blocking with individual chemokine receptor antagonists was also performed to verify the upregulation of a particular chemokine receptor. In contrast, (18)F-FDG PET imaging was performed in both models to evaluate tracer uptake. Immunohistochemistry on the injury and sham tissues was performed to assess the upregulation of chemokine receptors. RESULTS (15)O-CO PET showed decreased blood volume in the femoral artery after the injury. (64)Cu-DOTA-vMIP-II exhibited fast in vivo pharmacokinetics with major renal clearance. PET images showed specific accumulation around the injury site, with consistent expression during the study period. Quantitative analysis of tracer uptake at the injury lesion in the ApoE(-/-) model showed a 3-fold increase over the sham-operated site and the sites in the injured wild-type mouse. (18)F-FDG PET showed significantly less tracer accumulation than (64)Cu-DOTA-vMIP-II, with no difference observed between injury and sham sites. PET blocking studies identified chemokine receptor-mediated (64)Cu-DOTA-vMIP-II uptake and verified the presence of 8 chemokine receptors, and this finding was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSION (64)Cu-DOTA-vMIP-II was proven a sensitive and useful PET imaging probe for the detection of 8 up-regulated chemokine receptors in a model of injury-accelerated atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Liu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
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30
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Cardiac Micro-PET-CT. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING REPORTS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12410-012-9188-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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31
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Pressly ED, Pierce RA, Connal LA, Hawker CJ, Liu Y. Nanoparticle PET/CT imaging of natriuretic peptide clearance receptor in prostate cancer. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 24:196-204. [PMID: 23272904 PMCID: PMC3578065 DOI: 10.1021/bc300473x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic peptide has been recently discovered to have anticancer effects via interaction with cell surface natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPRA) and natriuretic peptide clearance receptor (NPRC). In a preclinical model, NPRA expression has been identified during tumor angiogenesis and may serve as a potential prognostic marker and target for prostate cancer (PCa) therapy. However, the presence of NPRC receptor in the PCa model has not yet been assessed. Furthermore, there is still no report using nanoparticle for PCa positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Herein, an amphiphilic comb-like nanoparticle was synthesized with controlled properties through modular construction containing C-atrial natriuretic factor (CANF) for NPRC receptor targeting and 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) chelator for high specific activity Cu-64 radiolabeling. The pharmacokinetics of (64)Cu-CANF-Comb exhibited tuned biodistribution and optimized in vivo profile in contrast to the nontargeted (64)Cu-Comb nanoparticle. PET imaging with (64)Cu-CANF-Comb in CWR22 PCa tumor model showed high blood pool retention, low renal clearance, enhanced tumor uptake, and decreased hepatic burden relative to the nontargeted (64)Cu-Comb. Immunohistochemistry staining confirmed the presence of NPRC receptor in tumor tissue. Competitive PET receptor blocking study demonstrated the targeting specificity of (64)Cu-CANF-Comb to NPRC receptor in vivo. These results establish a new nanoagent for prostate cancer PET imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D. Pressly
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Richard A. Pierce
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Luke A. Connal
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Craig J. Hawker
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Department and Department of Chemistry, and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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32
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Hag AMF, Ripa RS, Pedersen SF, Bodholdt RP, Kjaer A. Small animal positron emission tomography imaging and in vivo studies of atherosclerosis. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2013; 33:173-85. [PMID: 23522010 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a growing health challenge globally, and despite our knowledge of the disease has increased over the last couple of decades, many unanswered questions remain. As molecular imaging can be used to visualize, characterize and measure biological processes at the molecular and cellular levels in living systems, this technology represents an opportunity to investigate some of these questions in vivo. In addition, molecular imaging may be translated into clinical use and eventually pave the way for more personalized treatment regimes in patients. Here, we review the current knowledge obtained from in vivo positron emission tomography studies of atherosclerosis performed in small animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Mette Fisker Hag
- Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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33
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Temma T, Saji H. Radiolabelled probes for imaging of atherosclerotic plaques. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING 2012; 2:432-447. [PMID: 23145360 PMCID: PMC3484420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Unstable atherosclerotic plaques are prone to rupture followed by thrombus formation, vessel stenosis, and occlusion and frequently lead to acute myocardial infarction and brain infarction. As such, unstable plaques represent an important diagnostic target in clinical settings and the specific diagnosis of unstable plaques would enable preventive treatments for cardiovascular disease. To date, various imaging methods such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound (US), and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) have been widely used clinically. Although these methods have advantages in terms of spatial resolution and the ability to make detailed identification of morphological alterations such as calcifications and vessel stenosis, these techniques require skill or expertise to discriminate plaque instability, which is essential for early diagnosis and treatment and can present difficulties for quantitative estimation. On the other hand, nuclear imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) can noninvasively collect quantitative information on the expression levels of functional molecules and metabolic activities in vivo and thus provide functional diagnoses of unstable plaques with high sensitivity. Specifically, unstable plaques are characterized by an abundance of invasive inflammatory cells (macrophages), increased oxidative stress that increases oxidized LDL and its receptor expressed on cells in the lesions, increased occurrence of apoptosis of macrophages and other cells involved in disease progression, increased protease expression and activity, and finally thrombus formation triggered by plaque rupture, which is the most important mechanism leading to the onset of infarctions and ischemic sudden death. Therefore, these characteristics can all be targets for molecular imaging by PET and SPECT. In this paper, we review the present state and future of radiolabelled probes that have been developed for detecting atherosclerotic unstable plaques with nuclear imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Temma
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Soloperto G, Casciaro S. Progress in atherosclerotic plaque imaging. World J Radiol 2012; 4:353-71. [PMID: 22937215 PMCID: PMC3430733 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v4.i8.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the primary cause of mortality in the industrialized world, and arterial obstruction, triggered by rupture-prone atherosclerotic plaques, lead to myocardial infarction and cerebral stroke. Vulnerable plaques do not necessarily occur with flow-limiting stenosis, thus conventional luminographic assessment of the pathology fails to identify unstable lesions. In this review we discuss the currently available imaging modalities used to investigate morphological features and biological characteristics of the atherosclerotic plaque. The different imaging modalities such as ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, nuclear imaging and their intravascular applications are illustrated, highlighting their specific diagnostic potential. Clinically available and upcoming methodologies are also reviewed along with the related challenges in their clinical translation, concerning the specific invasiveness, accuracy and cost-effectiveness of these methods.
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Wang Y, Liu Y, Luehmann H, Xia X, Brown P, Jarreau C, Welch M, Xia Y. Evaluating the pharmacokinetics and in vivo cancer targeting capability of Au nanocages by positron emission tomography imaging. ACS NANO 2012; 6:5880-8. [PMID: 22690722 PMCID: PMC3404261 DOI: 10.1021/nn300464r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanocages have recently emerged as a novel class of photothermal transducers and drug carriers for cancer treatment. However, their pharmacokinetics and tumor targeting capability remain largely unexplored due to the lack of an imaging modality for quick and reliable mapping of their distributions in vivo. Herein, Au nanocages were prepared with controlled physicochemical properties and radiolabeled with (64)Cu in high specific activities for in vivo evaluation using positron emission tomography (PET). Our pharmacokinetic studies with femtomolar administrations suggest that 30 nm nanocages had a greatly improved biodistribution profile than 55 nm nanocages, together with higher blood retention and lower hepatic and splenic uptakes. In a murine EMT-6 breast cancer model, the small cages also showed a significantly higher level of tumor uptake and a greater tumor-to-muscle ratio than the large cages. Quantitative PET imaging confirmed rapid accumulation and retention of Au nanocages inside the tumors. The ability to directly and quickly image the distribution of Au nanocages in vivo allows us to further optimize their physicochemical properties for a range of theranostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucai Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Address correspondence to , , and
| | - Hannah Luehmann
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Xiaohu Xia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States
| | - Paige Brown
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States
| | - Chad Jarreau
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Michael Welch
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Address correspondence to , , and
| | - Younan Xia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States
- Address correspondence to , , and
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Liu Y, Pressly ED, Abendschein DR, Hawker CJ, Woodard GE, Woodard PK, Welch MJ. Targeting angiogenesis using a C-type atrial natriuretic factor-conjugated nanoprobe and PET. J Nucl Med 2011; 52:1956-63. [PMID: 22049461 PMCID: PMC4255943 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.111.089581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Sensitive, specific, and noninvasive detection of angiogenesis would be helpful in discovering new strategies for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Recently, we reported the (64)Cu-labeled C-type atrial natriuretic factor (CANF) fragment for detecting the upregulation of natriuretic peptide clearance receptor (NPR-C) with PET on atherosclerosis-like lesions in an animal model. However, it is unknown whether NPR-C is present and overexpressed during angiogenesis. The goal of this study was to develop a novel CANF-integrated nanoprobe to prove the presence of NPR-C and offer sensitive detection with PET during development of angiogenesis in mouse hind limb. METHODS We prepared a multifunctional, core-shell nanoparticle consisting of DOTA chelators attached to a poly(methyl methacrylate) core and CANF-targeting moieties attached to poly(ethylene glycol) chain ends in the shell of the nanoparticle. Labeling of this nanoparticle with (64)Cu yielded a high-specific-activity nanoprobe for PET imaging NPR-C receptor in a mouse model of hind limb ischemia-induced angiogenesis. Histology and immunohistochemistry were performed to assess angiogenesis development and NPR-C localization. RESULTS (15)O-H(2)O imaging showed blood flow restoration in the previously ischemic hind limb, consistent with the development of angiogenesis. The targeted DOTA-CANF-comb nanoprobe showed optimized pharmacokinetics and biodistribution. PET imaging demonstrated significantly higher tracer accumulation for the targeted DOTA-CANF-comb nanoprobe than for either the CANF peptide tracer or the nontargeted control nanoprobe (P < 0.05, both). Immunohistochemistry confirmed NPR-C upregulation in the angiogenic lesion with colocalization in both endothelial and smooth muscle cells. PET and immunohistochemistry competitive receptor blocking verified the specificity of the targeted nanoprobe to NPR-C receptor. CONCLUSION As evidence of its translational potential, this customized DOTA-CANF-comb nanoprobe demonstrated superiority over the CANF peptide alone for imaging NPR-C receptor in angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Liu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Eric D. Pressly
- Department of Materials, Chemistry, and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California
| | | | - Craig J. Hawker
- Department of Materials, Chemistry, and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Geoffrey E. Woodard
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Michael J. Welch
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
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Abstract
The present review provides an overview of the role of cardiac positron emission tomography in the diagnosis and management of cardiovascular disease. It expands on the relative advantages and disadvantages over other imaging modalities as well as the available evidence supporting its value in the diagnosis and management of patients with coronary artery disease, the assessment of myocardial viability, and evaluation of the cardiac sympathetic nervous system. Furthermore, the recent developments, such as the implementation of high-end computed tomography devices to form hybrid systems, and the advances of molecular imaging probes in experimental applications are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Gaemperli
- MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom.
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Zeglis BM, Lewis JS. A practical guide to the construction of radiometallated bioconjugates for positron emission tomography. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:6168-95. [PMID: 21442098 PMCID: PMC3773488 DOI: 10.1039/c0dt01595d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) has become a vital imaging modality in the diagnosis and treatment of disease, most notably cancer. A wide array of small molecule PET radiotracers have been developed that employ the short half-life radionuclides (11)C, (13)N, (15)O, and (18)F. However, PET radiopharmaceuticals based on biomolecular targeting vectors have been the subject of dramatically increased research in both the laboratory and the clinic. Typically based on antibodies, oligopeptides, or oligonucleotides, these tracers have longer biological half-lives than their small molecule counterparts and thus require labeling with radionuclides with longer, complementary radioactive half-lives, such as the metallic isotopes (64)Cu, (68)Ga, (86)Y, and (89)Zr. Each bioconjugate radiopharmaceutical has four component parts: biomolecular vector, radiometal, chelator, and covalent link between chelator and biomolecule. With the exception of the radiometal, a tremendous variety of choices exists for each of these pieces, and a plethora of different chelation, conjugation, and radiometallation strategies have been utilized to create agents ranging from (68)Ga-labeled pentapeptides to (89)Zr-labeled monoclonal antibodies. Herein, the authors present a practical guide to the construction of radiometal-based PET bioconjugates, in which the design choices and synthetic details of a wide range of biomolecular tracers from the literature are collected in a single reference. In assembling this information, the authors hope both to illuminate the diverse methods employed in the synthesis of these agents and also to create a useful reference for molecular imaging researchers both experienced and new to the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M. Zeglis
- Department of Radiology and Program in Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA. Fax: (646)-888-3039; Tel: (646)-888-3038
| | - Jason S. Lewis
- Department of Radiology and Program in Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA. Fax: (646)-888-3039; Tel: (646)-888-3038
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Xiong C, Huang M, Zhang R, Song S, Lu W, Flores L, Gelovani J, Li C. In Vivo Small-Animal PET/CT of EphB4 Receptors Using 64Cu-Labeled Peptide. J Nucl Med 2011; 52:241-8. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.110.081943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Lucignani G, Schäfers M. PET, CT and MRI characterisation of the atherosclerotic plaque. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2010; 37:2398-402. [DOI: 10.1007/s00259-010-1634-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Rubattu S, Sciarretta S, Morriello A, Calvieri C, Battistoni A, Volpe M. NPR-C: a component of the natriuretic peptide family with implications in human diseases. J Mol Med (Berl) 2010; 88:889-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-010-0641-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Revised: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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