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Ramos-Torres K, Sun Y, Takahashi K, Zhou YP, Brugarolas P. Common anesthetic used in preclinical PET imaging inhibits metabolism of the PET tracer [ 18F]3F4AP. J Neurochem 2024. [PMID: 38690718 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies in laboratory animals are almost always performed under isoflurane anesthesia to ensure that the subject stays still during the image acquisition. Isoflurane is effective, safe, and easy to use, and it is generally assumed to not have an impact on the imaging results. Motivated by marked differences observed in the brain uptake and metabolism of the PET tracer 3-[18F]fluoro-4-aminopyridine [(18F]3F4AP) between human and nonhuman primate studies, this study investigates the possible effect of isoflurane on this process. Mice received [18F]3F4AP injection while awake or under anesthesia and the tracer brain uptake and metabolism was compared between groups. A separate group of mice received the known cytochrome P450 2E1 inhibitor disulfiram prior to tracer administration. Isoflurane was found to largely abolish tracer metabolism in mice (74.8 ± 1.6 vs. 17.7 ± 1.7% plasma parent fraction, % PF) resulting in a 4.0-fold higher brain uptake in anesthetized mice at 35 min post-radiotracer administration. Similar to anesthetized mice, animals that received disulfiram showed reduced metabolism (50.0 ± 6.9% PF) and a 2.2-fold higher brain signal than control mice. The higher brain uptake and lower metabolism of [18F]3F4AP observed in anesthetized mice compared to awake mice are attributed to isoflurane's interference in the CYP2E1-mediated breakdown of the tracer, which was confirmed by reproducing the effect upon treatment with the known CYP2E1 inhibitor disulfiram. These findings underscore the critical need to examine the effect of isoflurane in PET imaging studies before translating tracers to humans that will be scanned without anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Ramos-Torres
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kazue Takahashi
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yu-Peng Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pedro Brugarolas
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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Xiao Z, Wei H, Xu Y, Haider A, Wei J, Yuan S, Rong J, Zhao C, Li G, Zhang W, Chen H, Li Y, Zhang L, Sun J, Zhang S, Luo HB, Yan S, Cai Q, Hou L, Che C, Liang SH, Wang L. Discovery of a highly specific 18F-labeled PET ligand for phosphodiesterase 10A enabled by novel spirocyclic iodonium ylide radiofluorination. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:1963-1975. [PMID: 35847497 PMCID: PMC9279629 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As a member of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzyme family, PDE10A is in charge of the degradation of cyclic adenosine (cAMP) and guanosine monophosphates (cGMP). While PDE10A is primarily expressed in the medium spiny neurons of the striatum, it has been implicated in a variety of neurological disorders. Indeed, inhibition of PDE10A has proven to be of potential use for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) pathologies caused by dysfunction of the basal ganglia–of which the striatum constitutes the largest component. A PDE10A-targeted positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand would enable a better assessment of the pathophysiologic role of PDE10A, as well as confirm the relationship between target occupancy and administrated dose of a given drug candidate, thus accelerating the development of effective PDE10A inhibitors. In this study, we designed and synthesized a novel 18F-aryl PDE10A PET radioligand, codenamed [18F]P10A-1910 ([18F]9), in high radiochemical yield and molar activity via spirocyclic iodonium ylide-mediated radiofluorination. [18F]9 possessed good in vitro binding affinity (IC50 = 2.1 nmol/L) and selectivity towards PDE10A. Further, [18F]9 exhibited reasonable lipophilicity (logD = 3.50) and brain permeability (Papp > 10 × 10−6 cm/s in MDCK-MDR1 cells). PET imaging studies of [18F]9 revealed high striatal uptake and excellent in vivo specificity with reversible tracer kinetics. Preclinical studies in rodents revealed an improved plasma and brain stability of [18F]9 when compared to the current reference standard for PDE10A-targeted PET, [18F]MNI659. Further, dose–response experiments with a series of escalating doses of PDE10A inhibitor 1 in rhesus monkey brains confirmed the utility of [18F]9 for evaluating target occupancy in vivo in higher species. In conclusion, our results indicated that [18F]9 is a promising PDE10A PET radioligand for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Xiao
- Center of Cyclotron and PET Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT-MRI Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Huiyi Wei
- Center of Cyclotron and PET Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT-MRI Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Ahmed Haider
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Junjie Wei
- Center of Cyclotron and PET Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT-MRI Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Shiyu Yuan
- Center of Cyclotron and PET Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT-MRI Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jian Rong
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Chunyu Zhao
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Guocong Li
- Center of Cyclotron and PET Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT-MRI Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Weibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huangcan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuefeng Li
- Guangdong Landau Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Guangzhou 510555, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Center of Cyclotron and PET Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT-MRI Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jiyun Sun
- Center of Cyclotron and PET Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT-MRI Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Shaojuan Zhang
- Center of Cyclotron and PET Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT-MRI Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Hai-Bin Luo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Sen Yan
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qijun Cai
- Center of Cyclotron and PET Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT-MRI Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Lu Hou
- Center of Cyclotron and PET Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT-MRI Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Chao Che
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 755 26032530 (Chao Che), +1 617 7266165 (Steven H. Liang), +86 20 38688692 (Lu Wang).
| | - Steven H. Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 755 26032530 (Chao Che), +1 617 7266165 (Steven H. Liang), +86 20 38688692 (Lu Wang).
| | - Lu Wang
- Center of Cyclotron and PET Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT-MRI Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 755 26032530 (Chao Che), +1 617 7266165 (Steven H. Liang), +86 20 38688692 (Lu Wang).
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3
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Brumberg J, Varrone A. New PET radiopharmaceuticals for imaging CNS diseases. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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4
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de Laat B, Kling YE, Schroyen G, Ooms M, Hooker JM, Bormans G, Van Laere K, Ceccarini J. Effects of chronic voluntary alcohol consumption on PDE10A availability: a longitudinal behavioral and [ 18F]JNJ42259152 PET study in rats. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 49:492-502. [PMID: 34142214 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05448-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) is a dual substrate enzyme highly enriched in dopamine-receptive striatal medium spiny neurons, which are involved in psychiatric disorders such as alcohol use disorders (AUD). Although preclinical studies suggest a correlation of PDE10A mRNA expression in neuronal and behavioral responses to alcohol intake, little is known about the effects of alcohol exposure on in vivo PDE10A activity in relation to apparent risk factors for AUD such as decision-making and anxiety. METHODS We performed a longitudinal [18F]JNJ42259152 microPET study to evaluate PDE10A changes over a 9-week intermittent access to alcohol model, including 6 weeks of alcohol exposure, 2 weeks of abstinence followed by 1 week relapse. Parametric PDE10A-binding potential (BPND) images were generated using a Logan reference tissue model with cerebellum as reference region and were analyzed using both a volume-of-interest and voxel-based approach. Moreover, individual decision-making and anxiety levels were assessed with the rat Iowa Gambling Task and open-field test over the IAE model. RESULTS We observed an increased alcohol preference especially in those animals that exhibited poor initial decision-making. The first 2 weeks of alcohol exposure resulted in an increased striatal PDE10A binding (> 10%). Comparing PDE10A-binding potential after 2 versus 4 weeks of exposure showed a significant decreased PDE10A in the caudate-putamen and nucleus accumbens (pFWE-corrected < 0.05). This striatal PDE10A decrease was related to alcohol consumption and preference. Normalization of striatal PDE10A to initial levels was observed after 1 week of relapse, apart from the globus pallidus. CONCLUSION This study shows that chronic voluntary alcohol consumption induces a reversible increased PDE10A enzymatic availability in the striatum, which is related to the amount of alcohol preference. Thus, PDE10A-mediated signaling plays an important role in modulating the reinforcing effects of alcohol, and the data suggest that PDE10A inhibition may have beneficial behavioral effects on alcohol intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart de Laat
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yvonne E Kling
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium.,Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gwen Schroyen
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Translational MRI, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maarten Ooms
- Laboratory for Radiopharmaceutical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jacob M Hooker
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Guy Bormans
- Laboratory for Radiopharmaceutical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Van Laere
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jenny Ceccarini
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. .,University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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5
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Sun J, Xiao Z, Haider A, Gebhard C, Xu H, Luo HB, Zhang HT, Josephson L, Wang L, Liang SH. Advances in Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase-Targeted PET Imaging and Drug Discovery. J Med Chem 2021; 64:7083-7109. [PMID: 34042442 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) control the intracellular concentrations of cAMP and cGMP in virtually all mammalian cells. Accordingly, the PDE family regulates a myriad of physiological functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, gene expression, central nervous system function, and muscle contraction. Along this line, dysfunction of PDEs has been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders, coronary artery diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cancer development. To date, 11 PDE families have been identified; however, their distinct roles in the various pathologies are largely unexplored and subject to contemporary research efforts. Indeed, there is growing interest for the development of isoform-selective PDE inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents. Similarly, the evolving knowledge on the various PDE isoforms has channeled the identification of new PET probes, allowing isoform-selective imaging. This review highlights recent advances in PDE-targeted PET tracer development, thereby focusing on efforts to assess disease-related PDE pathophysiology and to support isoform-selective drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyun Sun
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Zhiwei Xiao
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Ahmed Haider
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Catherine Gebhard
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich 8006, Switzerland.,Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
| | - Hao Xu
- Center of Cyclotron and PET Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT-MRI Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 613 West Huangpu Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Hai-Bin Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Han-Ting Zhang
- Departments of Neuroscience, Behavioral Medicine & Psychiatry, and Physiology & Pharmacology, the Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Lee Josephson
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States.,Center of Cyclotron and PET Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT-MRI Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 613 West Huangpu Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Steven H Liang
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
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6
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Shaw RC, Tamagnan GD, Tavares AAS. Rapidly (and Successfully) Translating Novel Brain Radiotracers From Animal Research Into Clinical Use. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:871. [PMID: 33117115 PMCID: PMC7559529 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of preclinical research scanners for in vivo imaging of small animals has added confidence into the multi-step decision-making process of radiotracer discovery and development. Furthermore, it has expanded the utility of imaging techniques available to dissect clinical questions, fostering a cyclic interaction between the clinical and the preclinical worlds. Significant efforts from medicinal chemistry have also made available several high-affinity and selective compounds amenable for radiolabeling, that target different receptors, transporters and enzymes in vivo. This substantially increased the range of applications of molecular imaging using positron emission tomography (PET) or single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). However, the process of developing novel radiotracers for in vivo imaging of the human brain is a multi-step process that has several inherent pitfalls and technical difficulties, which often hampers the successful translation of novel imaging agents from preclinical research into clinical use. In this paper, the process of radiotracer development and its relevance in brain research is discussed; as well as, its pitfalls, technical challenges and future promises. Examples of successful and unsuccessful translation of brain radiotracers will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C. Shaw
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Adriana Alexandre S. Tavares
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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7
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Świerczek A, Jankowska A, Chłoń-Rzepa G, Pawłowski M, Wyska E. Advances in the Discovery of PDE10A Inhibitors for CNS-Related Disorders. Part 2: Focus on Schizophrenia. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:1652-1669. [PMID: 31368871 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190801114210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a debilitating mental disorder with relatively high prevalence (~1%), during which positive manifestations (such as psychotic states) and negative symptoms (e.g., a withdrawal from social life) occur. Moreover, some researchers consider cognitive impairment as a distinct domain of schizophrenia symptoms. The imbalance in dopamine activity, namely an excessive release of this neurotransmitter in the striatum and insufficient amounts in the prefrontal cortex is believed to be partially responsible for the occurrence of these groups of manifestations. Second-generation antipsychotics are currently the standard treatment of schizophrenia. Nevertheless, the existent treatment is sometimes ineffective and burdened with severe adverse effects, such as extrapyramidal symptoms. Thus, there is an urgent need to search for alternative treatment options of this disease. This review summarizes the results of recent preclinical and clinical studies on phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A), which is highly expressed in the mammalian striatum, as a potential drug target for the treatment of schizophrenia. Based on the literature data, not only selective PDE10A inhibitors but also dual PDE2A/10A, and PDE4B/10A inhibitors, as well as multifunctional ligands with a PDE10A inhibitory potency are compounds that may combine antipsychotic, precognitive, and antidepressant functions. Thus, designing such compounds may constitute a new direction of research for new potential medications for schizophrenia. Despite failures of previous clinical trials of selective PDE10A inhibitors for the treatment of schizophrenia, new compounds with this mechanism of action are currently investigated clinically, thus, the search for new inhibitors of PDE10A, both selective and multitarget, is still warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Świerczek
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Jankowska
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Grażyna Chłoń-Rzepa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Maciej Pawłowski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Wyska
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
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8
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Pyrazoles as Key Scaffolds for the Development of Fluorine-18-Labeled Radiotracers for Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071722. [PMID: 32283680 PMCID: PMC7181023 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The need for increasingly personalized medicine solutions (precision medicine) and quality medical treatments, has led to a growing demand and research for image-guided therapeutic solutions. Positron emission tomography (PET) is a powerful imaging technique that can be established using complementary imaging systems and selective imaging agents—chemical probes or radiotracers—which are drugs labeled with a radionuclide, also called radiopharmaceuticals. PET has two complementary purposes: selective imaging for diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression and response to treatment. The development of selective imaging agents is a growing research area, with a high number of diverse drugs, labeled with different radionuclides, being reported nowadays. This review article is focused on the use of pyrazoles as suitable scaffolds for the development of 18F-labeled radiotracers for PET imaging. A brief introduction to PET and pyrazoles, as key scaffolds in medicinal chemistry, is presented, followed by a description of the most important [18F]pyrazole-derived radiotracers (PET tracers) that have been developed in the last 20 years for selective PET imaging, grouped according to their specific targets.
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9
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Attili B, Celen S, Ahamed M, Koole M, Haute CVD, Vanduffel W, Bormans G. Preclinical evaluation of [ 18 F]MA3: a CB 2 receptor agonist radiotracer for PET. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:1481-1491. [PMID: 30588600 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Non-invasive in vivo imaging of cannabinoid CB2 receptors using PET is pursued to study neuroinflammation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the in vivo binding specificity of [18 F]MA3, a CB2 receptor agonist, in a rat model with local overexpression of human (h) CB2 receptors. METHODS [18 F]MA3 was produced with good radiochemical yield and radiochemical purity. The radiotracer was evaluated in rats with local overexpression of hCB2 receptors and in a healthy non-human primate using PET. KEY RESULTS Ex vivo autoradiography demonstrated CB2 -specific binding of [18 F]MA3 in rat hCB2 receptor vector injected striatum. In a PET study, increased tracer binding in the hCB2 receptor vector-injected striatum compared to the contralateral control vector-injected striatum was observed. Binding in hCB2 receptor vector-injected striatum was blocked with a structurally non-related CB2 receptor inverse agonist, and a displacement study confirmed the reversibility of tracer binding. This study identified the utility of mutated inactive vector model for evaluation of CB2 receptor agonist PET tracers. [18 F]MA3 PET scans in the non-human primate showed good uptake and fast washout from brain, but no CB2 receptor-specific binding was observed. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Evaluation of [18 F]MA3 in a rat model with local overexpression of hCB2 receptors showed CB2 receptor-specific and reversible tracer binding. [18 F]MA3 showed good brain uptake and subsequent washout in a healthy non-human primate, but no specific binding was observed. Further clinical evaluation of [18 F]MA3 in patients with neuroinflammation is warranted. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on 8th European Workshop on Cannabinoid Research. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.10/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bala Attili
- Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Celen
- Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Muneer Ahamed
- Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michel Koole
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, UZ Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chris Van Den Haute
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Viral Vector Core, Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Vanduffel
- Laboratory for Neuro- and Psychophysiology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Bormans
- Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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10
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Mori W, Yamasaki T, Fujinaga M, Ogawa M, Zhang Y, Hatori A, Xie L, Kumata K, Wakizaka H, Kurihara Y, Ohkubo T, Nengaki N, Zhang MR. Development of 2-(2-(3-(4-([ 18F]Fluoromethoxy- d 2)phenyl)-7-methyl-4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)ethyl)-4-isopropoxyisoindoline-1,3-dione for Positron-Emission-Tomography Imaging of Phosphodiesterase 10A in the Brain. J Med Chem 2018; 62:688-698. [PMID: 30516998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) is a newly identified therapeutic target for central-nervous-system disorders. 2-(2-(3-(4-([18F]Fluoroethoxy)phenyl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)ethyl)-4-isopropoxyisoindoline-1,3-dione ([18F]MNI-659, [18F]5) is a useful positron-emission-tomography (PET) ligand for imaging of PDE10A in the human brain. However, the radiolabeled metabolite of [18F]5 can accumulate in the brain. In this study, using [18F]5 as a lead compound, we designed four new 18F-labeled ligands ([18F]6-9) to find one more suitable than [18F]5. Of these, 2-(2-(3-(4-([18F]fluoromethoxy- d2)phenyl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)ethyl)-4-isopropoxyisoindoline-1,3-dione ([18F]9) exhibited high in vitro binding affinity ( Ki = 2.9 nM) to PDE10A and suitable lipophilicity (log D = 2.2). In PET studies, the binding potential (BPND) of [18F]9 (5.8) to PDE10A in the striatum of rat brains was significantly higher than that of [18F]5 (4.6). Furthermore, metabolite analysis showed much lower levels of contamination with radiolabeled metabolites in the brains of rats given [18F]9 than in those given [18F]5. In conclusion, [18F]9 is a useful PET ligand for PDE10A imaging in brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Masanao Ogawa
- SHI Accelerator Service, Ltd. , 1-17-6 Osaki , Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0032 , Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yusuke Kurihara
- SHI Accelerator Service, Ltd. , 1-17-6 Osaki , Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0032 , Japan
| | - Takayuki Ohkubo
- SHI Accelerator Service, Ltd. , 1-17-6 Osaki , Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0032 , Japan
| | - Nobuki Nengaki
- SHI Accelerator Service, Ltd. , 1-17-6 Osaki , Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0032 , Japan
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11
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Gedeon PC, Schaller TH, Chitneni SK, Choi BD, Kuan CT, Suryadevara CM, Snyder DJ, Schmittling RJ, Szafranski SE, Cui X, Healy PN, Herndon JE, McLendon RE, Keir ST, Archer GE, Reap EA, Sanchez-Perez L, Bigner DD, Sampson JH. A Rationally Designed Fully Human EGFRvIII:CD3-Targeted Bispecific Antibody Redirects Human T Cells to Treat Patient-derived Intracerebral Malignant Glioma. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:3611-3631. [PMID: 29703821 PMCID: PMC6103776 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Conventional therapy for malignant glioma fails to specifically target tumor cells. In contrast, substantial evidence indicates that if appropriately redirected, T cells can precisely eradicate tumors. Here we report the rational development of a fully human bispecific antibody (hEGFRvIII-CD3 bi-scFv) that redirects human T cells to lyse malignant glioma expressing a tumor-specific mutation of the EGFR (EGFRvIII).Experimental Design: We generated a panel of bispecific single-chain variable fragments and optimized design through successive rounds of screening and refinement. We tested the ability of our lead construct to redirect naïve T cells and induce target cell-specific lysis. To test for efficacy, we evaluated tumor growth and survival in xenogeneic and syngeneic models of glioma. Tumor penetrance following intravenous drug administration was assessed in highly invasive, orthotopic glioma models.Results: A highly expressed bispecific antibody with specificity to CD3 and EGFRvIII was generated (hEGFRvIII-CD3 bi-scFv). Antibody-induced T-cell activation, secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, and proliferation was robust and occurred exclusively in the presence of target antigen. hEGFRvIII-CD3 bi-scFv was potent and target-specific, mediating significant lysis of multiple malignant glioma cell lines and patient-derived malignant glioma samples that heterogeneously express EGFRvIII. In both subcutaneous and orthotopic models, well-engrafted, patient-derived malignant glioma was effectively treated despite heterogeneity of EGFRvIII expression; intravenous hEGFRvIII-CD3 bi-scFv administration caused significant regression of tumor burden (P < 0.0001) and significantly extended survival (P < 0.0001). Similar efficacy was obtained in highly infiltrative, syngeneic glioma models, and intravenously administered hEGFRvIII-CD3 bi-scFv localized to these orthotopic tumors.Conclusions: We have developed a clinically translatable bispecific antibody that redirects human T cells to safely and effectively treat malignant glioma. On the basis of these results, we have developed a clinical study of hEGFRvIII-CD3 bi-scFv for patients with EGFRvIII-positive malignant glioma. Clin Cancer Res; 24(15); 3611-31. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C Gedeon
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Teilo H Schaller
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Satish K Chitneni
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Bryan D Choi
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Chien-Tsun Kuan
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Carter M Suryadevara
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - David J Snyder
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Robert J Schmittling
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Scott E Szafranski
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Xiuyu Cui
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Patrick N Healy
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - James E Herndon
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Roger E McLendon
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Stephen T Keir
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Gary E Archer
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Elizabeth A Reap
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Luis Sanchez-Perez
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Darell D Bigner
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - John H Sampson
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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12
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Cumming P, Burgher B, Patkar O, Breakspear M, Vasdev N, Thomas P, Liu GJ, Banati R. Sifting through the surfeit of neuroinflammation tracers. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2018; 38:204-224. [PMID: 29256293 PMCID: PMC5951023 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17748786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The first phase of molecular brain imaging of microglial activation in neuroinflammatory conditions began some 20 years ago with the introduction of [11C]-( R)-PK11195, the prototype isoquinoline ligand for translocator protein (18 kDa) (TSPO). Investigations by positron emission tomography (PET) revealed microgliosis in numerous brain diseases, despite the rather low specific binding signal imparted by [11C]-( R)-PK11195. There has since been enormous expansion of the repertoire of TSPO tracers, many with higher specific binding, albeit complicated by allelic dependence of the affinity. However, the specificity of TSPO PET for revealing microglial activation not been fully established, and it has been difficult to judge the relative merits of the competing tracers and analysis methods with respect to their sensitivity for detecting microglial activation. We therefore present a systematic comparison of 13 TSPO PET and single photon computed tomography (SPECT) tracers belonging to five structural classes, each of which has been investigated by compartmental analysis in healthy human brain relative to a metabolite-corrected arterial input. We emphasize the need to establish the non-displaceable binding component for each ligand and conclude with five recommendations for a standard approach to define the cellular distribution of TSPO signals, and to characterize the properties of candidate TSPO tracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Cumming
- School of Psychology and Counselling and IHBI, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Bjorn Burgher
- QIMR Berghofer Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Metro North Mental Health Service, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Omkar Patkar
- School of Psychology and Counselling and IHBI, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael Breakspear
- QIMR Berghofer Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Metro North Mental Health Service, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul Thomas
- Herston Imaging Research Facility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Australia
| | - Guo-Jun Liu
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, Australia
- National Imaging Facility, Brain and Mind Centre and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Richard Banati
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, Australia
- National Imaging Facility, Brain and Mind Centre and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
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13
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Zhang X, Kumata K, Yamasaki T, Cheng R, Hatori A, Ma L, Zhang Y, Xie L, Wang L, Kang HJ, Sheffler DJ, Cosford NDP, Zhang MR, Liang SH. Synthesis and Preliminary Studies of a Novel Negative Allosteric Modulator, 7-((2,5-Dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl)-4-(2-fluoro-4-[ 11C]methoxyphenyl) quinoline-2-carboxamide, for Imaging of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 2. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:1937-1948. [PMID: 28565908 PMCID: PMC5607115 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate 2 receptors (mGlu2) are involved in the pathogenesis of several CNS disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Pharmacological modulation of this target represents a potential disease-modifying approach for the treatment of substance abuse, depression, schizophrenia, and dementias. While quantification of mGlu2 receptors in the living brain by positron emission tomography (PET) would help us better understand signaling pathways relevant to these conditions, few successful examples have been demonstrated to image mGlu2 in vivo, and a suitable PET tracer is yet to be identified. Herein we report the design and synthesis of a radiolabeled negative allosteric modulator (NAM) for mGlu2 PET tracer development based on a quinoline 2-carboxamide scaffold. The most promising candidate, 7-((2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl)-4-(2-fluoro-4-[11C]methoxyphenyl) quinoline-2-carboxamide ([11C]QCA) was prepared in 13% radiochemical yield (non-decay-corrected at the end of synthesis) with >99% radiochemical purity and >74 GBq/μmol (2 Ci/μmol) specific activity. While the tracer showed limited brain uptake (0.3 SUV), probably attributable to effects on PgP/Bcrp efflux pump, in vitro autoradiography studies demonstrated heterogeneous brain distribution and specific binding. Thus, [11C]QCA is a chemical probe that provides the basis for the development of a new generation mGlu2 PET tracers.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/deficiency
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/genetics
- Adhesins, Escherichia coli
- Allosteric Regulation
- Animals
- Autoradiography
- Brain/diagnostic imaging
- Brain/metabolism
- Drug Design
- Humans
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Male
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Microsomes, Liver/drug effects
- Microsomes, Liver/metabolism
- Molecular Structure
- Positron-Emission Tomography
- Preliminary Data
- Pyrrolidines/chemistry
- Quinolines/chemistry
- Radiopharmaceuticals/chemical synthesis
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/metabolism
- Tissue Distribution
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhang
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai Unviersity, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Katsushi Kumata
- Department of Radiopharmaceutics Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoteru Yamasaki
- Department of Radiopharmaceutics Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ran Cheng
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Akiko Hatori
- Department of Radiopharmaceutics Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Longle Ma
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Yiding Zhang
- Department of Radiopharmaceutics Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Lin Xie
- Department of Radiopharmaceutics Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Lu Wang
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Hye Jin Kang
- Department of Pharmacology & National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27515, USA
| | - Douglas J. Sheffler
- Cell Death and Survival Networks Program and Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Nicholas D. P. Cosford
- Cell Death and Survival Networks Program and Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Department of Radiopharmaceutics Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Steven H. Liang
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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14
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Mori W, Takei M, Furutsuka K, Fujinaga M, Kumata K, Muto M, Ohkubo T, Hashimoto H, Tamagnan G, Higuchi M, Kawamura K, Zhang MR. Comparison between [ 18F]fluorination and [ 18F]fluoroethylation reactions for the synthesis of the PDE10A PET radiotracer [ 18F]MNI-659. Nucl Med Biol 2017; 55:12-18. [PMID: 28972915 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION 2-(2-(3-(4-(2-[18F]Fluoroethoxy)phenyl)-7-methyl-4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)ethyl)-4-isopropoxyisoindoline-1,3-dione ([18F]MNI-659, [18F]1) is a useful PET radiotracer for imaging phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) in human brain. [18F]1 has been previously prepared by direct [18F]fluorination of a tosylate precursor 2 with [18F]F-. The aim of this study was to determine the conditions for the [18F]fluorination reaction to obtain [18F]1 of high quality and with sufficient radioactivity for clinical use in our institute. Moreover, we synthesized [18F]1 by [18F]fluoroethylation of a phenol precursor 3 with [18F]fluoroethyl bromide ([18F]FEtBr), and the outcomes of [18F]fluorination and [18F]fluoroethylation were compared. METHODS We performed the automated synthesis of [18F]1 by [18F]fluorination and [18F]fluoroethylation using a multi-purpose synthesizer. We determined the amounts of tosylate precursor 2 and potassium carbonate as well as the reaction temperature for direct [18F]fluorination. RESULTS The efficiency of the [18F]fluorination reaction was strongly affected by the amount of 2 and potassium carbonate. Under the determined reaction conditions, [18F]1 with 0.82±0.2GBq was obtained in 13.6%±3.3% radiochemical yield (n=8, decay-corrected to EOB and based on [18F]F-) at EOS, starting from 11.5±0.4GBq of cyclotron-produced [18F]F-. On the other hand, the [18F]fluoroethylation of 3 with [18F]FEtBr produced [18F]1 with 1.0±0.2GBq and in 22.5±2.5 % radiochemical yields (n=7, decay-corrected to EOB and based on [18F]F-) at EOS, starting from 7.4GBq of cyclotron-produced [18F]F-. Clearly, [18F]fluoroethylation resulted in a higher radiochemical yield of [18F]1 than [18F]fluorination. CONCLUSION [18F]1 of high quality and with sufficient radioactivity was successfully radiosynthesized by two methods. [18F]1 synthesized by direct [18F]fluorination has been approved and will be provided for clinical use in our institute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wakana Mori
- National Institute of Radiological Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Makoto Takei
- National Institute of Radiological Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kenji Furutsuka
- National Institute of Radiological Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; SHI Accelerator Service Ltd., Tokyo 141-0032, Japan
| | - Masayuki Fujinaga
- National Institute of Radiological Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Katsushi Kumata
- National Institute of Radiological Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Muto
- National Institute of Radiological Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; Tokyo Nuclear Services Ltd., Tokyo 110-0016, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ohkubo
- National Institute of Radiological Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; SHI Accelerator Service Ltd., Tokyo 141-0032, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hashimoto
- National Institute of Radiological Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | | | - Makoto Higuchi
- National Institute of Radiological Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kawamura
- National Institute of Radiological Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- National Institute of Radiological Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
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15
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Declercq L, Rombouts F, Koole M, Fierens K, Mariën J, Langlois X, Andrés JI, Schmidt M, Macdonald G, Moechars D, Vanduffel W, Tousseyn T, Vandenberghe R, Van Laere K, Verbruggen A, Bormans G. Preclinical Evaluation of 18F-JNJ64349311, a Novel PET Tracer for Tau Imaging. J Nucl Med 2017; 58:975-981. [PMID: 28232614 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.185199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we have synthesized and evaluated 18F-JNJ64349311, a tracer with high affinity for aggregated tau (inhibition constant value, 8 nM) and high (≥500×) in vitro selectivity for tau over β-amyloid, in comparison with the benchmark compound 18F-AV1451 (18F-T807) in mice, rats, and a rhesus monkey. Methods: In vitro binding characteristics were determined for Alzheimer's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, and corticobasal degeneration patient brain tissue slices using autoradiography studies. Ex vivo biodistribution studies were performed in mice. Radiometabolites were quantified in the brain and plasma of mice and in the plasma of a rhesus monkey using high-performance liquid chromatography. Dynamic small-animal PET studies were performed in rats and a rhesus monkey to evaluate tracer pharmacokinetics in the brain. Results: Mouse biodistribution studies showed moderate initial brain uptake and rapid brain washout. Radiometabolite analyses after injection of 18F-JNJ64349311 in mice showed the presence of a polar radiometabolite in plasma, but not in the brain. Semiquantitative autoradiography studies on postmortem tissue sections of human Alzheimer's disease brains showed highly displaceable binding to tau-rich regions. No specific binding was, however, found on human progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration brain slices. Small-animal PET scans of Wistar rats revealed moderate initial brain uptake (SUV, ∼1.5 at 1 min after injection) and rapid brain washout. Gradual bone uptake was, however, also observed. Blocking and displacement did not affect brain time-activity curves, suggesting no off-target specific binding of the tracer in the healthy rat brain. A small-animal PET scan of a rhesus monkey revealed moderate initial brain uptake (SUV, 1.9 at 1 min after injection) with a rapid washout. In the monkey, no bone uptake was detected during the 120-min scan. Conclusion: This biologic evaluation suggests that 18F-JNJ64349311 is a promising tau PET tracer candidate, with a favorable pharmacokinetic profile, as compared with 18F-AV1451.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieven Declercq
- Laboratory for Radiopharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frederik Rombouts
- Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Research and Development, a division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Michel Koole
- Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven and University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katleen Fierens
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, a division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Jonas Mariën
- Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Research and Development, a division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Xavier Langlois
- Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Research and Development, a division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - José Ignacio Andrés
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, a division of Janssen-Cilag NV, Toledo, Spain
| | - Mark Schmidt
- Janssen Early Development, a division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Gregor Macdonald
- Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Research and Development, a division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Diederik Moechars
- Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Research and Development, a division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Wim Vanduffel
- Laboratory for Neuro- and Psychophysiology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Tousseyn
- Translational Cell & Tissue Research, Department of Imaging & Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Van Laere
- Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven and University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alfons Verbruggen
- Laboratory for Radiopharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Bormans
- Laboratory for Radiopharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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16
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Takano A, Stenkrona P, Stepanov V, Amini N, Martinsson S, Tsai M, Goldsmith P, Xie J, Wu J, Uz T, Halldin C, Macek TA. A human [ 11 C]T-773 PET study of PDE10A binding after oral administration of TAK-063, a PDE10A inhibitor. Neuroimage 2016; 141:10-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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17
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Hankir MK, Kranz M, Gnad T, Weiner J, Wagner S, Deuther-Conrad W, Bronisch F, Steinhoff K, Luthardt J, Klöting N, Hesse S, Seibyl JP, Sabri O, Heiker JT, Blüher M, Pfeifer A, Brust P, Fenske WK. A novel thermoregulatory role for PDE10A in mouse and human adipocytes. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 8:796-812. [PMID: 27247380 PMCID: PMC4931292 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201506085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase type 10A (PDE10A) is highly enriched in striatum and is under evaluation as a drug target for several psychiatric/neurodegenerative diseases. Preclinical studies implicate PDE10A in the regulation of energy homeostasis, but the mechanisms remain unclear. By utilizing small-animal PET/MRI and the novel radioligand [(18)F]-AQ28A, we found marked levels of PDE10A in interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) of mice. Pharmacological inactivation of PDE10A with the highly selective inhibitor MP-10 recruited BAT and potentiated thermogenesis in vivo In diet-induced obese mice, chronic administration of MP-10 caused weight loss associated with increased energy expenditure, browning of white adipose tissue, and improved insulin sensitivity. Analysis of human PET data further revealed marked levels of PDE10A in the supraclavicular region where brown/beige adipocytes are clustered in adults. Finally, the inhibition of PDE10A with MP-10 stimulated thermogenic gene expression in human brown adipocytes and induced browning of human white adipocytes. Collectively, our findings highlight a novel thermoregulatory role for PDE10A in mouse and human adipocytes and promote PDE10A inhibitors as promising candidates for the treatment of obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed K Hankir
- Integrated Research and Treatment Centre for Adiposity Diseases, University Hospital University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mathias Kranz
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thorsten Gnad
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Juliane Weiner
- Integrated Research and Treatment Centre for Adiposity Diseases, University Hospital University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sally Wagner
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Winnie Deuther-Conrad
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Felix Bronisch
- Integrated Research and Treatment Centre for Adiposity Diseases, University Hospital University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karen Steinhoff
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Luthardt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nora Klöting
- Integrated Research and Treatment Centre for Adiposity Diseases, University Hospital University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Swen Hesse
- Integrated Research and Treatment Centre for Adiposity Diseases, University Hospital University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Osama Sabri
- Integrated Research and Treatment Centre for Adiposity Diseases, University Hospital University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - John T Heiker
- Integrated Research and Treatment Centre for Adiposity Diseases, University Hospital University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Integrated Research and Treatment Centre for Adiposity Diseases, University Hospital University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Pfeifer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Brust
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wiebke K Fenske
- Integrated Research and Treatment Centre for Adiposity Diseases, University Hospital University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Novel Radioligands for Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase Imaging with Positron Emission Tomography: An Update on Developments Since 2012. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21050650. [PMID: 27213312 PMCID: PMC6273803 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are a class of intracellular enzymes that inactivate the secondary messenger molecules, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Thus, PDEs regulate the signaling cascades mediated by these cyclic nucleotides and affect fundamental intracellular processes. Pharmacological inhibition of PDE activity is a promising strategy for treatment of several diseases. However, the role of the different PDEs in related pathologies is not completely clarified yet. PDE-specific radioligands enable non-invasive visualization and quantification of these enzymes by positron emission tomography (PET) in vivo and provide an important translational tool for elucidation of the relationship between altered expression of PDEs and pathophysiological effects as well as (pre-)clinical evaluation of novel PDE inhibitors developed as therapeutics. Herein we present an overview of novel PDE radioligands for PET published since 2012.
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Molecular Imaging of PDE10A Knockout Mice with a Novel PET Radiotracer: [(11)C]T-773. Mol Imaging Biol 2016; 17:445-9. [PMID: 25622810 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-015-0822-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE [(11)C]T-773 is a new radioligand for positron emission tomography (PET) targeting the phosphodiesterase 10A enzyme (PDE10A). PDE10A is highly expressed in the striatum by medium spiny neurons, and it has been demonstrated to be involved in the regulation of striatal signaling through the reduction of medium spiny neuronal sensitivity towards glutamatergic excitation. PDE10A is associated with Parkinson's disease and different neuropsychiatric disorders such as Huntington's disease, obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD) and schizophrenia. Studies have indicated that the inhibition of PDE10A may represent a novel therapeutic approach to the treatment of the aforementioned diseases characterized by the reduced activity of medium spiny neurons. An appropriate PET radioligand for PDE10A would help to facilitate drug development and drug evaluation. PROCEDURES We have evaluated the [(11)C]T-773 ligand in PDE10A knockout mice (heterozygous [HET] and homozygous [HOM]) as well as in normal control animals (WILD) with PET. RESULTS The regional percent standardized uptake values (%SUV; mean ± SD) in the striatum were 48.2 ± 1.0 (HOM), 63.6 ± 5.3 (HET) and 85.1 ± 6.3 (WILD). Between each animal group the striatal %SUV values were significantly different (p < 0.0001). The striatal BPND values (mean ± SD) were 0.0 ± 0.0 (HOM), 0.14 ± 0.07 (HET) and 0.56 ± 0.15 (WILD). The BPND values were significantly lower in homozygous and heterozygous animals compared to wild type (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The novel PDE10A radioligand [(11)C]T-773 shows increased signals with higher levels of PDE10A and acceptable binding in the striatum in control animals compared to knockout mice.
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Russell DS, Jennings DL, Barret O, Tamagnan GD, Carroll VM, Caillé F, Alagille D, Morley TJ, Papin C, Seibyl JP, Marek KL. Change in PDE10 across early Huntington disease assessed by [18F]MNI-659 and PET imaging. Neurology 2016; 86:748-54. [PMID: 26802091 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000002391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether striatal [(18)F]MNI-659 PET imaging of phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10) serves as a sensitive and reliable biomarker of striatal neurodegeneration in a longitudinal cohort of participants with early Huntington disease (HD). METHODS A cohort of participants with HD, including both participants premanifest or manifest with motor signs, underwent clinical assessments, genetic determination, and 2 [(18)F]MNI-659 PET imaging sessions approximately 1 year apart. Eleven healthy control (HC) participants underwent clinical assessments and [(18)F]MNI-659 PET imaging once. Striatal binding potentials (BPnd) were estimated for brain regions of interest, specifically within the basal ganglia, and compared between baseline and follow-up imaging. Clinical measures of HD severity were assessed at each visit. RESULTS Eight participants with HD (6 manifest; 2 premanifest) participated. Of those with manifest HD, all had relatively early stage disease (stage 1, n = 2; stage 2, n = 4) and a Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale total motor score <45. As expected, the HD cohort as a whole had a reduction in the basal ganglia BPnd to approximately 50% of that seen in HC. On follow-up scans, [(18)F]MNI-659 uptake declined in the putamen and caudate nucleus in all 8 participants. The mean annualized rates of decline in signal in the caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus and the putamen were 16.6%, 6.9%, and 5.8%, respectively. In HC, the annualized reduction in signal in striatal regions was less than 1%. CONCLUSION Longitudinal data in this small cohort of participants with early HD support [(18)F]MNI-659 PET imaging of PDE10 as a useful biomarker to track HD disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Russell
- From the Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders and Molecular NeuroImaging, New Haven, CT.
| | - Danna L Jennings
- From the Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders and Molecular NeuroImaging, New Haven, CT
| | - Olivier Barret
- From the Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders and Molecular NeuroImaging, New Haven, CT
| | - Gilles D Tamagnan
- From the Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders and Molecular NeuroImaging, New Haven, CT
| | - Vincent M Carroll
- From the Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders and Molecular NeuroImaging, New Haven, CT
| | - Fabien Caillé
- From the Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders and Molecular NeuroImaging, New Haven, CT
| | - David Alagille
- From the Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders and Molecular NeuroImaging, New Haven, CT
| | - Thomas J Morley
- From the Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders and Molecular NeuroImaging, New Haven, CT
| | - Caroline Papin
- From the Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders and Molecular NeuroImaging, New Haven, CT
| | - John P Seibyl
- From the Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders and Molecular NeuroImaging, New Haven, CT
| | - Kenneth L Marek
- From the Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders and Molecular NeuroImaging, New Haven, CT
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Li J, Zhang X, Jin H, Fan J, Flores H, Perlmutter JS, Tu Z. Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing Phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) Inhibitors and the In Vivo Evaluation of F-18 Labeled PDE10A PET Tracers in Rodent and Nonhuman Primate. J Med Chem 2015; 58:8584-600. [PMID: 26430878 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of fluorine-containing PDE10A inhibitors were designed and synthesized to improve the metabolic stability of [(11)C]MP-10. Twenty of the 22 new analogues had high potency and selectivity for PDE10A: 18a-j, 19d-j, 20a-b, and 21b had IC50 values <5 nM for PDE10A. Seven F-18 labeled compounds [(18)F]18a-e, [(18)F]18g, and [(18)F]20a were radiosynthesized by (18)F-introduction onto the quinoline rather than the pyrazole moiety of the MP-10 pharmacophore and performed in vivo evaluation. Biodistribution studies in rats showed ~2-fold higher activity in the PDE10A-enriched striatum than nontarget brain regions; this ratio increased from 5 to 30 min postinjection, particularly for [(18)F]18a-d and [(18)F]20a. MicroPET studies of [(18)F]18d and [(18)F]20a in nonhuman primates provided clear visualization of striatum with suitable equilibrium kinetics and favorable metabolic stability. These results suggest this strategy may identify a (18)F-labeled PET tracer for quantifying the levels of PDE10A in patients with CNS disorders including Huntington's disease and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Li
- Department of Radiology and ‡Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Radiology and ‡Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Hongjun Jin
- Department of Radiology and ‡Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Jinda Fan
- Department of Radiology and ‡Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Hubert Flores
- Department of Radiology and ‡Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Joel S Perlmutter
- Department of Radiology and ‡Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Zhude Tu
- Department of Radiology and ‡Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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Liu H, Jin H, Yue X, Zhang X, Yang H, Li J, Flores H, Su Y, Perlmutter JS, Tu Z. Preclinical evaluation of a promising C-11 labeled PET tracer for imaging phosphodiesterase 10A in the brain of living subject. Neuroimage 2015. [PMID: 26216275 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) plays a key role in the regulation of brain striatal signaling. A PET tracer for PDE10A may serve as a tool to evaluate PDE10A expression in vivo in central nervous system disorders with striatal pathology. Here, we further characterized the binding properties of a previously reported radioligand we developed for PDE10A, [(11)C]TZ1964B, in rodents and nonhuman primates (NHPs). The tritiated counterpart [(3)H]TZ1964B was used for in vitro binding characterizations in rat striatum homogenates and in vitro autoradiographic studies in rat brain slices. The carbon-11 labeled [(11)C]TZ1964B was utilized in the ex vivo autoradiography studies for the brain of rats and microPET imaging studies for the brain of NHPs. MicroPET scans of [(11)C]TZ1964B in NHPs were conducted at baseline, as well as with using a selective PDE10A inhibitor MP-10 for either pretreatment or displacement. The in vivo regional target occupancy (Occ) was obtained by pretreating with different doses of MP-10 (0.05-2.00 mg/kg). Both in vitro binding assays and in vitro autoradiographic studies revealed a nanomolar binding affinity of [(3)H]TZ1964B to the rat striatum. The striatal binding of [(3)H]TZ1964B and [(11)C]TZ1964B was either displaced or blocked by MP-10 in rats and NHPs. Autoradiography and microPET imaging confirmed that the specific binding of the radioligand was found in the striatum but not in the cerebellum. Blocking studies also confirmed the suitability of the cerebellum as an appropriate reference region. The binding potentials (BPND) of [(11)C]TZ1964B in the NHP striatum that were calculated using either the Logan reference model (LoganREF, 3.96 ± 0.17) or the simplified reference tissue model (SRTM, 4.64 ± 0.47), with the cerebellum as the reference region, was high and had good reproducibility. The occupancy studies indicated a MP-10 dose of 0.31 ± 0.09 mg/kg (LoganREF)/0.45 ± 0.17mg/kg (SRTM) occupies 50% striatal PDE10A binding sites. Studies in rats and NHPs demonstrated radiolabeled TZ1964B has a high binding affinity and good specificity for PDE10A, as well as favorable in vivo pharmacokinetic properties and binding profiles. Our data suggests that [(11)C]TZ1964B is a promising radioligand for in vivo imaging PDE10A in the brain of living subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Hongjun Jin
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Xuyi Yue
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Junfeng Li
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Hubert Flores
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yi Su
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joel S Perlmutter
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Zhude Tu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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23
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Takano A, Stepanov V, Gulyás B, Nakao R, Amini N, Miura S, Kimura H, Taniguchi T, Halldin C. Evaluation of a novel PDE10A PET radioligand, [(11) C]T-773, in nonhuman primates: brain and whole body PET and brain autoradiography. Synapse 2015; 69:345-55. [PMID: 25892433 DOI: 10.1002/syn.21821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) is considered to be a key target for the treatment of several neuropsychiatric diseases. The characteristics of [(11) C]T-773, a novel positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand with high binding affinity and selectivity for PDE10A, were evaluated in autoradiography and in nonhuman primate (NHP) PET. Brain PET measurements were performed under baseline conditions and after administration of a selective PDE10A inhibitor, MP-10. Total distribution volume (VT ) and binding potential (BPND ) were calculated using various kinetic models. Whole body PET measurements were performed to calculate the effective dose of [(11) C]T-773. Autoradiography studies in postmortem human and monkey brain sections showed high accumulation of [(11) C]T-773 in the striatum and substantia nigra which was blocked by MP-10. Brain PET showed high accumulation of [(11) C]T-773 in the striatum, and the data could be fitted using a two tissue compartment model. BPND was approximately 1.8 in the putamen when the cerebellum was used as the reference region. Approximately 70% of PDE10A binding was occupied by 1.8 mg/kg of MP-10. Whole body PET showed high accumulation of [(11) C]T-773 in the liver, kidney, heart, and brain in the initial phase. The radioligand was partly excreted via bile and the gastrointestinal tract, and partly excreted through the urinary tract. The calculated effective dose was 0.007 mSv/MBq. In conclusion, [(11) C]T-773 was demonstrated to be a promising PET radioligand for PDE10A with favorable brain kinetics. Dosimetry results support multiple PET measurements per person in human studies. Further research is required with [(11) C]T-773 in order to test the radioligand's potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Takano
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vladimir Stepanov
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Balázs Gulyás
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ryuji Nakao
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nahid Amini
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shotaro Miura
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,CNS Drug Discovery Unit, Pharmaceutical Research Division, TAKEDA Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Haruhide Kimura
- CNS Drug Discovery Unit, Pharmaceutical Research Division, TAKEDA Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Takahiko Taniguchi
- CNS Drug Discovery Unit, Pharmaceutical Research Division, TAKEDA Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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24
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Jones PG, Hewitt MC, Campbell JE, Quinton MS, Engel S, Lew R, Campbell U, Burdi DF. Pharmacological evaluation of a novel phosphodiesterase 10A inhibitor in models of antipsychotic activity and cognition. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 135:46-52. [PMID: 25989044 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report the pharmacological effects of a novel PDE10A inhibitor, SEP-39. SEP-39 is a potent (1.0nM) inhibitor of human PDE10A in vitro, with good selectivity (>16000-fold) against other PDEs. In an in vivo occupancy study, the RO50 value was determined to be 0.7mg/kg (p.o.), corresponding to plasma and brain exposures of 28ng/mL and 43ng/g, respectively. Using microdialysis, we show that 3mg/kg (p.o.) SEP-39 significantly increased rat striatal cGMP concentrations. Furthermore, SEP-39 inhibits PCP-induced hyperlocomotion at doses of 1 and 3mg/kg (p.o.) corresponding to 59-86% occupancy. At similar doses in a catalepsy study, the time on the bar was increased but the maximal effect was less than that seen with haloperidol. In an EEG study, 3 and 10mg/kg (p.o.) SEP-39 suppressed REM intensity and increased the latency to REM sleep. We also demonstrate the procognitive effects of SEP-39 in the rat novel object recognition assay. These effects appear to require less PDE10A inhibition than the reversal of PCP-induced hyperlocomotion or EEG effects, as improvements in recognition index were seen at doses of 0.3mg/kg and above. Our data demonstrate that SEP-39 is a potent, orally active PDE10A inhibitor with therapeutic potential in a number of psychiatric indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip G Jones
- Discovery and Preclinical Research, Sunovion Pharmaceuticals, 84 Waterford Drive, Marlborough, MA 01752, USA.
| | - Michael C Hewitt
- Constellation Pharmaceuticals, 215 First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - John E Campbell
- Epizyme Inc., 400 Technology Square 4th Floor, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Maria S Quinton
- Retrophin Inc., 301 Binney St. 3rd floor, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Sharon Engel
- Discovery and Preclinical Research, Sunovion Pharmaceuticals, 84 Waterford Drive, Marlborough, MA 01752, USA
| | - Robert Lew
- Translational Medicine and Early Development, Sunovion Pharmaceuticals, 84 Waterford Drive, Marlborough, MA 01752, USA
| | - Una Campbell
- Translational Medicine and Early Development, Sunovion Pharmaceuticals, 84 Waterford Drive, Marlborough, MA 01752, USA
| | - Douglas F Burdi
- Discovery and Preclinical Research, Sunovion Pharmaceuticals, 84 Waterford Drive, Marlborough, MA 01752, USA
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25
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Stepanov V, Miura S, Takano A, Amini N, Nakao R, Hasui T, Nakashima K, Taniguchi T, Kimura H, Kuroita T, Halldin C. Development of a series of novel carbon-11 labeled PDE10A inhibitors. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2015; 58:202-8. [PMID: 25891816 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) is a member of the PDE family of enzymes that degrades cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Our aim was to label a series of structurally related PDE10A inhibitors with carbon-11 and evaluate them as potential positron emission tomography (PET) radioligands for PDE10A using nonhuman primates. The series consisted of seven compounds based on the 3-(1H-pyrazol-5-yl)pyridazin-4(1H)-one backbone. These compounds were selected from the initial larger library based on a number of parameters such as affinity, selectivity for hPDE10A in in vitro tests, lipophilicity, and on the results of multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1)-LLCPK1 and the parallel artificial membrane permeability assays. Seven radioligands (KIT-1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, and 12) were radiolabeled with carbon-11 employing O-methylation on the hydroxyl moiety using [(11)C]methyl triflate. In vivo examination of each radioligand was performed using PET in rhesus monkeys; analysis of radiometabolites in plasma also was conducted using HPLC. All seven radioligands were labeled with high (>90%) incorporation of [(11)C]methyl triflate into their appropriate precursors and with high specific radioactivity. Carbon-11 labeled KIT-5 and KIT-6 showed high accumulation in the striatum, consistent with the known anatomical distribution of PDE10A in brain, accompanied by fast washout and high specific binding ratio. In particular [(11)C]KIT-6, named [(11)C]T-773, is a promising PET tool for further examination of PDE10A in human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Stepanov
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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26
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Ariza M, Kolb HC, Moechars D, Rombouts F, Andrés JI. Tau Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Imaging: Past, Present, and Future. J Med Chem 2015; 58:4365-82. [DOI: 10.1021/jm5017544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Ariza
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research and Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Hartmuth C. Kolb
- Neuroscience Biomarkers, Janssen Research and Development, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Dieder Moechars
- Neuroscience Discovery Biology, Janssen Research and Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Frederik Rombouts
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research and Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - José Ignacio Andrés
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, a Division of Janssen-Cilag, Jarama 75, 45007 Toledo, Spain
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27
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Yang H, Murigi FN, Wang Z, Li J, Jin H, Tu Z. Synthesis and in vitro characterization of cinnoline and benzimidazole analogues as phosphodiesterase 10A inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 25:919-24. [PMID: 25592707 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fifteen cinnoline analogues and six benzimidazole phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) inhibitors were synthesized as potential PET radiopharmaceuticals and their in vitro activity as PDE10A inhibitors was determined. Nine out of twenty-one compounds were potent inhibitors of PDE10A with IC50 values ranging from 1.5 to 18.6nM. Notably, the IC50 values of compounds 26a, 26b, and 33c were 1.52±0.18, 2.86±0.10, and 3.73±0.60nM, respectively; these three compounds also showed high in vitro selectivity (>1000-fold) for PDE10A over PDE 3A/3B, PDE4A/4B. The high potency and selectivity of these three compounds suggests that they could be radiolabeled with PET radionuclides for further evaluation of their in vivo pharmacological behavior and ability to quantify PDE10A in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Francis N Murigi
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Zhijian Wang
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Junfeng Li
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Hongjun Jin
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Zhude Tu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, United States.
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28
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Chen H, Lester-Zeiner D, Shi J, Miller S, Glaus C, Hu E, Chen N, Able J, Biorn C, Wong J, Ma J, Michelsen K, Hill Della Puppa G, Kazules T, Dou HH, Talreja S, Zhao X, Chen A, Rumfelt S, Kunz RK, Ye H, Thiel OR, Williamson T, Davis C, Porter A, Immke D, Allen JR, Treanor J. AMG 580: a novel small molecule phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) positron emission tomography tracer. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 352:327-37. [PMID: 25502803 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.220517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) inhibitors have therapeutic potential for the treatment of psychiatric and neurologic disorders, such as schizophrenia and Huntington's disease. One of the key requirements for successful central nervous system drug development is to demonstrate target coverage of therapeutic candidates in brain for lead optimization in the drug discovery phase and for assisting dose selection in clinical development. Therefore, we identified AMG 580 [1-(4-(3-(4-(1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-carbonyl)phenoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)piperidin-1-yl)-2-fluoropropan-1-one], a novel, selective small-molecule antagonist with subnanomolar affinity for rat, primate, and human PDE10A. We showed that AMG 580 is suitable as a tracer for lead optimization to determine target coverage by novel PDE10A inhibitors using triple-stage quadrupole liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry technology. [(3)H]AMG 580 bound with high affinity in a specific and saturable manner to both striatal homogenates and brain slices from rats, baboons, and human in vitro. Moreover, [(18)F]AMG 580 demonstrated prominent uptake by positron emission tomography in rats, suggesting that radiolabeled AMG 580 may be suitable for further development as a noninvasive radiotracer for target coverage measurements in clinical studies. These results indicate that AMG 580 is a potential imaging biomarker for mapping PDE10A distribution and ensuring target coverage by therapeutic PDE10A inhibitors in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Chen
- Department of Neuroscience (H.C., D.L.-Z., J.A., C.B., H.H.D., S.T., A.P.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (J.S., J.W., J.M.), and Department of Molecular Structures and Characterization (X.Z., A.C.), Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California; Department of Neuroscience (S.M., G.H.D.P., D.I., J.T.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (C.D.), Research Imaging Sciences (C.G., T.K., H.Y.), Department of Small Molecule Chemistry (E.H., N.C., S.R., R.K.K., J.R.A.), and Department of Process Development (O.R.T.), Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California; and Department of Molecular Structures and Characterization (K.M.) and Department of Discovery Toxicology (T.W.), Amgen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.M.)
| | - Dianna Lester-Zeiner
- Department of Neuroscience (H.C., D.L.-Z., J.A., C.B., H.H.D., S.T., A.P.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (J.S., J.W., J.M.), and Department of Molecular Structures and Characterization (X.Z., A.C.), Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California; Department of Neuroscience (S.M., G.H.D.P., D.I., J.T.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (C.D.), Research Imaging Sciences (C.G., T.K., H.Y.), Department of Small Molecule Chemistry (E.H., N.C., S.R., R.K.K., J.R.A.), and Department of Process Development (O.R.T.), Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California; and Department of Molecular Structures and Characterization (K.M.) and Department of Discovery Toxicology (T.W.), Amgen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.M.)
| | - Jianxia Shi
- Department of Neuroscience (H.C., D.L.-Z., J.A., C.B., H.H.D., S.T., A.P.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (J.S., J.W., J.M.), and Department of Molecular Structures and Characterization (X.Z., A.C.), Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California; Department of Neuroscience (S.M., G.H.D.P., D.I., J.T.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (C.D.), Research Imaging Sciences (C.G., T.K., H.Y.), Department of Small Molecule Chemistry (E.H., N.C., S.R., R.K.K., J.R.A.), and Department of Process Development (O.R.T.), Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California; and Department of Molecular Structures and Characterization (K.M.) and Department of Discovery Toxicology (T.W.), Amgen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.M.)
| | - Silke Miller
- Department of Neuroscience (H.C., D.L.-Z., J.A., C.B., H.H.D., S.T., A.P.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (J.S., J.W., J.M.), and Department of Molecular Structures and Characterization (X.Z., A.C.), Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California; Department of Neuroscience (S.M., G.H.D.P., D.I., J.T.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (C.D.), Research Imaging Sciences (C.G., T.K., H.Y.), Department of Small Molecule Chemistry (E.H., N.C., S.R., R.K.K., J.R.A.), and Department of Process Development (O.R.T.), Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California; and Department of Molecular Structures and Characterization (K.M.) and Department of Discovery Toxicology (T.W.), Amgen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.M.)
| | - Charlie Glaus
- Department of Neuroscience (H.C., D.L.-Z., J.A., C.B., H.H.D., S.T., A.P.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (J.S., J.W., J.M.), and Department of Molecular Structures and Characterization (X.Z., A.C.), Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California; Department of Neuroscience (S.M., G.H.D.P., D.I., J.T.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (C.D.), Research Imaging Sciences (C.G., T.K., H.Y.), Department of Small Molecule Chemistry (E.H., N.C., S.R., R.K.K., J.R.A.), and Department of Process Development (O.R.T.), Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California; and Department of Molecular Structures and Characterization (K.M.) and Department of Discovery Toxicology (T.W.), Amgen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.M.)
| | - Essa Hu
- Department of Neuroscience (H.C., D.L.-Z., J.A., C.B., H.H.D., S.T., A.P.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (J.S., J.W., J.M.), and Department of Molecular Structures and Characterization (X.Z., A.C.), Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California; Department of Neuroscience (S.M., G.H.D.P., D.I., J.T.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (C.D.), Research Imaging Sciences (C.G., T.K., H.Y.), Department of Small Molecule Chemistry (E.H., N.C., S.R., R.K.K., J.R.A.), and Department of Process Development (O.R.T.), Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California; and Department of Molecular Structures and Characterization (K.M.) and Department of Discovery Toxicology (T.W.), Amgen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.M.)
| | - Ning Chen
- Department of Neuroscience (H.C., D.L.-Z., J.A., C.B., H.H.D., S.T., A.P.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (J.S., J.W., J.M.), and Department of Molecular Structures and Characterization (X.Z., A.C.), Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California; Department of Neuroscience (S.M., G.H.D.P., D.I., J.T.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (C.D.), Research Imaging Sciences (C.G., T.K., H.Y.), Department of Small Molecule Chemistry (E.H., N.C., S.R., R.K.K., J.R.A.), and Department of Process Development (O.R.T.), Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California; and Department of Molecular Structures and Characterization (K.M.) and Department of Discovery Toxicology (T.W.), Amgen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.M.)
| | - Jessica Able
- Department of Neuroscience (H.C., D.L.-Z., J.A., C.B., H.H.D., S.T., A.P.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (J.S., J.W., J.M.), and Department of Molecular Structures and Characterization (X.Z., A.C.), Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California; Department of Neuroscience (S.M., G.H.D.P., D.I., J.T.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (C.D.), Research Imaging Sciences (C.G., T.K., H.Y.), Department of Small Molecule Chemistry (E.H., N.C., S.R., R.K.K., J.R.A.), and Department of Process Development (O.R.T.), Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California; and Department of Molecular Structures and Characterization (K.M.) and Department of Discovery Toxicology (T.W.), Amgen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.M.)
| | - Christopher Biorn
- Department of Neuroscience (H.C., D.L.-Z., J.A., C.B., H.H.D., S.T., A.P.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (J.S., J.W., J.M.), and Department of Molecular Structures and Characterization (X.Z., A.C.), Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California; Department of Neuroscience (S.M., G.H.D.P., D.I., J.T.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (C.D.), Research Imaging Sciences (C.G., T.K., H.Y.), Department of Small Molecule Chemistry (E.H., N.C., S.R., R.K.K., J.R.A.), and Department of Process Development (O.R.T.), Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California; and Department of Molecular Structures and Characterization (K.M.) and Department of Discovery Toxicology (T.W.), Amgen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.M.)
| | - Jamie Wong
- Department of Neuroscience (H.C., D.L.-Z., J.A., C.B., H.H.D., S.T., A.P.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (J.S., J.W., J.M.), and Department of Molecular Structures and Characterization (X.Z., A.C.), Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California; Department of Neuroscience (S.M., G.H.D.P., D.I., J.T.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (C.D.), Research Imaging Sciences (C.G., T.K., H.Y.), Department of Small Molecule Chemistry (E.H., N.C., S.R., R.K.K., J.R.A.), and Department of Process Development (O.R.T.), Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California; and Department of Molecular Structures and Characterization (K.M.) and Department of Discovery Toxicology (T.W.), Amgen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.M.)
| | - Ji Ma
- Department of Neuroscience (H.C., D.L.-Z., J.A., C.B., H.H.D., S.T., A.P.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (J.S., J.W., J.M.), and Department of Molecular Structures and Characterization (X.Z., A.C.), Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California; Department of Neuroscience (S.M., G.H.D.P., D.I., J.T.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (C.D.), Research Imaging Sciences (C.G., T.K., H.Y.), Department of Small Molecule Chemistry (E.H., N.C., S.R., R.K.K., J.R.A.), and Department of Process Development (O.R.T.), Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California; and Department of Molecular Structures and Characterization (K.M.) and Department of Discovery Toxicology (T.W.), Amgen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.M.)
| | - Klaus Michelsen
- Department of Neuroscience (H.C., D.L.-Z., J.A., C.B., H.H.D., S.T., A.P.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (J.S., J.W., J.M.), and Department of Molecular Structures and Characterization (X.Z., A.C.), Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California; Department of Neuroscience (S.M., G.H.D.P., D.I., J.T.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (C.D.), Research Imaging Sciences (C.G., T.K., H.Y.), Department of Small Molecule Chemistry (E.H., N.C., S.R., R.K.K., J.R.A.), and Department of Process Development (O.R.T.), Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California; and Department of Molecular Structures and Characterization (K.M.) and Department of Discovery Toxicology (T.W.), Amgen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.M.)
| | - Geraldine Hill Della Puppa
- Department of Neuroscience (H.C., D.L.-Z., J.A., C.B., H.H.D., S.T., A.P.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (J.S., J.W., J.M.), and Department of Molecular Structures and Characterization (X.Z., A.C.), Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California; Department of Neuroscience (S.M., G.H.D.P., D.I., J.T.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (C.D.), Research Imaging Sciences (C.G., T.K., H.Y.), Department of Small Molecule Chemistry (E.H., N.C., S.R., R.K.K., J.R.A.), and Department of Process Development (O.R.T.), Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California; and Department of Molecular Structures and Characterization (K.M.) and Department of Discovery Toxicology (T.W.), Amgen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.M.)
| | - Tim Kazules
- Department of Neuroscience (H.C., D.L.-Z., J.A., C.B., H.H.D., S.T., A.P.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (J.S., J.W., J.M.), and Department of Molecular Structures and Characterization (X.Z., A.C.), Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California; Department of Neuroscience (S.M., G.H.D.P., D.I., J.T.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (C.D.), Research Imaging Sciences (C.G., T.K., H.Y.), Department of Small Molecule Chemistry (E.H., N.C., S.R., R.K.K., J.R.A.), and Department of Process Development (O.R.T.), Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California; and Department of Molecular Structures and Characterization (K.M.) and Department of Discovery Toxicology (T.W.), Amgen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.M.)
| | - Hui Hannah Dou
- Department of Neuroscience (H.C., D.L.-Z., J.A., C.B., H.H.D., S.T., A.P.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (J.S., J.W., J.M.), and Department of Molecular Structures and Characterization (X.Z., A.C.), Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California; Department of Neuroscience (S.M., G.H.D.P., D.I., J.T.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (C.D.), Research Imaging Sciences (C.G., T.K., H.Y.), Department of Small Molecule Chemistry (E.H., N.C., S.R., R.K.K., J.R.A.), and Department of Process Development (O.R.T.), Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California; and Department of Molecular Structures and Characterization (K.M.) and Department of Discovery Toxicology (T.W.), Amgen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.M.)
| | - Santosh Talreja
- Department of Neuroscience (H.C., D.L.-Z., J.A., C.B., H.H.D., S.T., A.P.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (J.S., J.W., J.M.), and Department of Molecular Structures and Characterization (X.Z., A.C.), Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California; Department of Neuroscience (S.M., G.H.D.P., D.I., J.T.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (C.D.), Research Imaging Sciences (C.G., T.K., H.Y.), Department of Small Molecule Chemistry (E.H., N.C., S.R., R.K.K., J.R.A.), and Department of Process Development (O.R.T.), Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California; and Department of Molecular Structures and Characterization (K.M.) and Department of Discovery Toxicology (T.W.), Amgen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.M.)
| | - Xiaoning Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience (H.C., D.L.-Z., J.A., C.B., H.H.D., S.T., A.P.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (J.S., J.W., J.M.), and Department of Molecular Structures and Characterization (X.Z., A.C.), Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California; Department of Neuroscience (S.M., G.H.D.P., D.I., J.T.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (C.D.), Research Imaging Sciences (C.G., T.K., H.Y.), Department of Small Molecule Chemistry (E.H., N.C., S.R., R.K.K., J.R.A.), and Department of Process Development (O.R.T.), Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California; and Department of Molecular Structures and Characterization (K.M.) and Department of Discovery Toxicology (T.W.), Amgen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.M.)
| | - Ada Chen
- Department of Neuroscience (H.C., D.L.-Z., J.A., C.B., H.H.D., S.T., A.P.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (J.S., J.W., J.M.), and Department of Molecular Structures and Characterization (X.Z., A.C.), Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California; Department of Neuroscience (S.M., G.H.D.P., D.I., J.T.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (C.D.), Research Imaging Sciences (C.G., T.K., H.Y.), Department of Small Molecule Chemistry (E.H., N.C., S.R., R.K.K., J.R.A.), and Department of Process Development (O.R.T.), Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California; and Department of Molecular Structures and Characterization (K.M.) and Department of Discovery Toxicology (T.W.), Amgen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.M.)
| | - Shannon Rumfelt
- Department of Neuroscience (H.C., D.L.-Z., J.A., C.B., H.H.D., S.T., A.P.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (J.S., J.W., J.M.), and Department of Molecular Structures and Characterization (X.Z., A.C.), Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California; Department of Neuroscience (S.M., G.H.D.P., D.I., J.T.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (C.D.), Research Imaging Sciences (C.G., T.K., H.Y.), Department of Small Molecule Chemistry (E.H., N.C., S.R., R.K.K., J.R.A.), and Department of Process Development (O.R.T.), Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California; and Department of Molecular Structures and Characterization (K.M.) and Department of Discovery Toxicology (T.W.), Amgen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.M.)
| | - Roxanne K Kunz
- Department of Neuroscience (H.C., D.L.-Z., J.A., C.B., H.H.D., S.T., A.P.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (J.S., J.W., J.M.), and Department of Molecular Structures and Characterization (X.Z., A.C.), Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California; Department of Neuroscience (S.M., G.H.D.P., D.I., J.T.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (C.D.), Research Imaging Sciences (C.G., T.K., H.Y.), Department of Small Molecule Chemistry (E.H., N.C., S.R., R.K.K., J.R.A.), and Department of Process Development (O.R.T.), Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California; and Department of Molecular Structures and Characterization (K.M.) and Department of Discovery Toxicology (T.W.), Amgen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.M.)
| | - Hu Ye
- Department of Neuroscience (H.C., D.L.-Z., J.A., C.B., H.H.D., S.T., A.P.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (J.S., J.W., J.M.), and Department of Molecular Structures and Characterization (X.Z., A.C.), Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California; Department of Neuroscience (S.M., G.H.D.P., D.I., J.T.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (C.D.), Research Imaging Sciences (C.G., T.K., H.Y.), Department of Small Molecule Chemistry (E.H., N.C., S.R., R.K.K., J.R.A.), and Department of Process Development (O.R.T.), Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California; and Department of Molecular Structures and Characterization (K.M.) and Department of Discovery Toxicology (T.W.), Amgen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.M.)
| | - Oliver R Thiel
- Department of Neuroscience (H.C., D.L.-Z., J.A., C.B., H.H.D., S.T., A.P.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (J.S., J.W., J.M.), and Department of Molecular Structures and Characterization (X.Z., A.C.), Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California; Department of Neuroscience (S.M., G.H.D.P., D.I., J.T.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (C.D.), Research Imaging Sciences (C.G., T.K., H.Y.), Department of Small Molecule Chemistry (E.H., N.C., S.R., R.K.K., J.R.A.), and Department of Process Development (O.R.T.), Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California; and Department of Molecular Structures and Characterization (K.M.) and Department of Discovery Toxicology (T.W.), Amgen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.M.)
| | - Toni Williamson
- Department of Neuroscience (H.C., D.L.-Z., J.A., C.B., H.H.D., S.T., A.P.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (J.S., J.W., J.M.), and Department of Molecular Structures and Characterization (X.Z., A.C.), Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California; Department of Neuroscience (S.M., G.H.D.P., D.I., J.T.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (C.D.), Research Imaging Sciences (C.G., T.K., H.Y.), Department of Small Molecule Chemistry (E.H., N.C., S.R., R.K.K., J.R.A.), and Department of Process Development (O.R.T.), Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California; and Department of Molecular Structures and Characterization (K.M.) and Department of Discovery Toxicology (T.W.), Amgen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.M.)
| | - Carl Davis
- Department of Neuroscience (H.C., D.L.-Z., J.A., C.B., H.H.D., S.T., A.P.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (J.S., J.W., J.M.), and Department of Molecular Structures and Characterization (X.Z., A.C.), Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California; Department of Neuroscience (S.M., G.H.D.P., D.I., J.T.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (C.D.), Research Imaging Sciences (C.G., T.K., H.Y.), Department of Small Molecule Chemistry (E.H., N.C., S.R., R.K.K., J.R.A.), and Department of Process Development (O.R.T.), Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California; and Department of Molecular Structures and Characterization (K.M.) and Department of Discovery Toxicology (T.W.), Amgen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.M.)
| | - Amy Porter
- Department of Neuroscience (H.C., D.L.-Z., J.A., C.B., H.H.D., S.T., A.P.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (J.S., J.W., J.M.), and Department of Molecular Structures and Characterization (X.Z., A.C.), Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California; Department of Neuroscience (S.M., G.H.D.P., D.I., J.T.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (C.D.), Research Imaging Sciences (C.G., T.K., H.Y.), Department of Small Molecule Chemistry (E.H., N.C., S.R., R.K.K., J.R.A.), and Department of Process Development (O.R.T.), Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California; and Department of Molecular Structures and Characterization (K.M.) and Department of Discovery Toxicology (T.W.), Amgen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.M.)
| | - David Immke
- Department of Neuroscience (H.C., D.L.-Z., J.A., C.B., H.H.D., S.T., A.P.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (J.S., J.W., J.M.), and Department of Molecular Structures and Characterization (X.Z., A.C.), Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California; Department of Neuroscience (S.M., G.H.D.P., D.I., J.T.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (C.D.), Research Imaging Sciences (C.G., T.K., H.Y.), Department of Small Molecule Chemistry (E.H., N.C., S.R., R.K.K., J.R.A.), and Department of Process Development (O.R.T.), Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California; and Department of Molecular Structures and Characterization (K.M.) and Department of Discovery Toxicology (T.W.), Amgen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.M.)
| | - Jennifer R Allen
- Department of Neuroscience (H.C., D.L.-Z., J.A., C.B., H.H.D., S.T., A.P.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (J.S., J.W., J.M.), and Department of Molecular Structures and Characterization (X.Z., A.C.), Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California; Department of Neuroscience (S.M., G.H.D.P., D.I., J.T.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (C.D.), Research Imaging Sciences (C.G., T.K., H.Y.), Department of Small Molecule Chemistry (E.H., N.C., S.R., R.K.K., J.R.A.), and Department of Process Development (O.R.T.), Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California; and Department of Molecular Structures and Characterization (K.M.) and Department of Discovery Toxicology (T.W.), Amgen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.M.)
| | - James Treanor
- Department of Neuroscience (H.C., D.L.-Z., J.A., C.B., H.H.D., S.T., A.P.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (J.S., J.W., J.M.), and Department of Molecular Structures and Characterization (X.Z., A.C.), Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California; Department of Neuroscience (S.M., G.H.D.P., D.I., J.T.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (C.D.), Research Imaging Sciences (C.G., T.K., H.Y.), Department of Small Molecule Chemistry (E.H., N.C., S.R., R.K.K., J.R.A.), and Department of Process Development (O.R.T.), Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California; and Department of Molecular Structures and Characterization (K.M.) and Department of Discovery Toxicology (T.W.), Amgen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.M.)
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Harada A, Suzuki K, Miura S, Hasui T, Kamiguchi N, Ishii T, Taniguchi T, Kuroita T, Takano A, Stepanov V, Halldin C, Kimura H. Characterization of the binding properties of T-773 as a PET radioligand for phosphodiesterase 10A. Nucl Med Biol 2014; 42:146-54. [PMID: 25451212 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) is a dual-substrate PDE that hydrolyzes both cAMP and cGMP and is selectively expressed in striatal medium spiny neurons. Recent studies have suggested that PDE10A inhibition is a novel approach for the treatment of disorders such as schizophrenia and Huntington's disease. A positron emission tomography (PET) occupancy study can provide useful information for the development of PDE10A inhibitors. We discovered T-773 as a candidate PET radioligand for PDE10A and investigated its properties by in vitro autoradiography and a PET study in a monkey. METHODS Profiling of T-773 as a PET radioligand for PDE10A was conducted by in vitro enzyme inhibitory assay, in vitro autoradiography, and PET study in a monkey. RESULTS T-773 showed a high binding affinity and selectivity for human recombinant PDE10A2 in vitro; the IC50 value in an enzyme inhibitory assay was 0.77nmol/L, and selectivity over other PDEs was more than 2500-fold. In autoradiography studies using mouse, rat, monkey, or human brain sections, radiolabeled T-773 selectively accumulated in the striatum. This selective accumulation was not observed in the brain sections of Pde10a-KO mice. The binding of [(3)H]T-773 to PDE10A in rat brain sections was competitively inhibited by MP-10, a selective PDE10A inhibitor. In rat brain sections, [(3)H]T-773 bound to a single high affinity site of PDE10A with Kd values of 12.2±2.2 and 4.7±1.2nmol/L in the caudate-putamen and nucleus accumbens, respectively. In a monkey PET study, [(11)C]T-773 showed good brain penetration and striatum-selective accumulation. CONCLUSION These results suggest that [(11)C]T-773 is a potential PET radioligand for PDE10A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akina Harada
- CNS Drug Discovery Unit, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Kazunori Suzuki
- CNS Drug Discovery Unit, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Shotaro Miura
- CNS Drug Discovery Unit, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Hasui
- CNS Drug Discovery Unit, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Naomi Kamiguchi
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ishii
- Biomolecular Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Takahiko Taniguchi
- CNS Drug Discovery Unit, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Takanobu Kuroita
- CNS Drug Discovery Unit, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Akihiro Takano
- Center for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vladimir Stepanov
- Center for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- Center for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Haruhide Kimura
- CNS Drug Discovery Unit, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan.
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Piel M, Vernaleken I, Rösch F. Positron Emission Tomography in CNS Drug Discovery and Drug Monitoring. J Med Chem 2014; 57:9232-58. [DOI: 10.1021/jm5001858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Piel
- Institute
of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ingo Vernaleken
- Department
of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Rösch
- Institute
of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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Kehler J, Kilburn JP, Estrada S, Christensen SR, Wall A, Thibblin A, Lubberink M, Bundgaard C, Brennum LT, Steiniger-Brach B, Christoffersen CT, Timmermann S, Kreilgaard M, Antoni G, Bang-Andersen B, Nielsen J. Discovery and development of 11C-Lu AE92686 as a radioligand for PET imaging of phosphodiesterase10A in the brain. J Nucl Med 2014; 55:1513-8. [PMID: 24994928 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.114.140178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) plays a key role in the regulation of brain striatal signaling, and several pharmaceutical companies currently investigate PDE10A inhibitors in clinical trials for various central nervous system diseases. A PDE10A PET ligand may provide evidence that a clinical drug candidate reaches and binds to the target. Here we describe the successful discovery and initial validation of the novel radiolabeled PDE10A ligand 5,8-dimethyl-2-[2-((1-(11)C-methyl)-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-ethyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridine ((11)C-Lu AE92686) and its tritiated analog (3)H-Lu AE92686. METHODS Initial in vitro experiments suggested Lu AE92686 as a promising radioligand, and the corresponding tritiated and (11)C-labeled compounds were synthesized. (3)H-Lu AE92686 was evaluated as a ligand for in vivo occupancy studies in mice and rats, and (11)C-Lu AE92686 was evaluated as a PET tracer candidate in cynomolgus monkeys and in humans. RESULTS (11)C-Lu AE92686 displayed high specificity and selectivity for PDE10A-expressing regions in the brain of cynomolgus monkeys and humans. Similar results were found in rodents using (3)H-Lu AE92686. The binding of (11)C-Lu AE92686 and (3)H-Lu AE92686 to striatum was completely and dose-dependently blocked by the structurally different PDE10A inhibitor 2-[4-(1-methyl-4-pyridin-4-yl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-phenoxymethyl]-quinoline (MP-10) in rodents and in monkeys. In all species, specific binding of the radioligand was seen in the striatum but not in the cerebellum, supporting the use of the cerebellum as a reference region. The binding potentials (BPND) of (11)C-Lu AE92686 in the striatum of both cynomolgus monkeys and humans were evaluated by the simplified reference tissue model with the cerebellum as the reference tissue, and BPND was found to be high and reproducible-that is, BPNDs were 6.5 ± 0.3 (n = 3) and 7.5 ± 1.0 (n = 12) in monkeys and humans, respectively. CONCLUSION Rodent, monkey, and human tests of labeled Lu AE92686 suggest that (11)C-Lu AE92686 has great potential as a human PET tracer for the PDE10A enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kehler
- Division of Discovery Chemistry and DMPK, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark
| | - John Paul Kilburn
- Division of Discovery Chemistry and DMPK, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark
| | - Sergio Estrada
- Preclinical PET Platform, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Anders Wall
- Nuclear Medicine and PET, Uppsala University and Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alf Thibblin
- Preclinical PET Platform, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mark Lubberink
- Nuclear Medicine and PET, Uppsala University and Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | - Stine Timmermann
- Department of Quantitative Pharmacology, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark; and
| | - Mads Kreilgaard
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Antoni
- Preclinical PET Platform, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Benny Bang-Andersen
- Division of Discovery Chemistry and DMPK, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Nielsen
- Division of Synaptic Transmission, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark
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Barret O, Thomae D, Tavares A, Alagille D, Papin C, Waterhouse R, McCarthy T, Jennings D, Marek K, Russell D, Seibyl J, Tamagnan G. In Vivo Assessment and Dosimetry of 2 Novel PDE10A PET Radiotracers in Humans: 18F-MNI-659 and 18F-MNI-654. J Nucl Med 2014; 55:1297-304. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.113.122895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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33
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Ooms M, Celen S, Koole M, Langlois X, Schmidt M, De Angelis M, Andrés JI, Verbruggen A, Van Laere K, Bormans G. Synthesis and biological evaluation of carbon-11 and fluorine-18 labeled tracers for in vivo visualization of PDE10A. Nucl Med Biol 2014; 41:695-704. [PMID: 25002365 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.05.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In vivo visualization of PDE10A using PET provides a tool to evaluate the role of PDE10A in various neuropsychiatric diseases and can also be useful in the clinical evaluation of PDE10A inhibitor drug candidates. We evaluated several carbon-11 and fluorine-18 labeled PDE10A inhibitors as potential PDE10A PET radioligands. MATERIALS & METHODS [(11)C]MP10, [(11)C]JNJ42071965 and four other tracers were developed. Their biodistribution was evaluated in rats. Rat plasma and brain radiometabolites were quantified. Baseline microPET imaging was performed in normal rats and PDE10A knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice. Blocking and displacement studies were conducted. The selectivity of the tracer binding was further studied in an ex vivo autoradiography experiment in PDE10A KO and WT mice. RESULTS Biodistribution showed brain uptake for all tracers in the striatum and wash-out from the cerebellum. [(11)C]1 ((11)C-MP10) had the highest specific uptake index (striatum (S) vs. cerebellum (C) ratios (S/C)-1) at 60 min (7.4). [(11)C]5 ([(11)C]JNJ42071965) had a high index at the early time points (1.0 and 3.7 at 2 and 30 min p.i., respectively). The affinity of [(11)C]4, [(18)F]3 and [(18)F]6 was too low to visualize PDE10A using microPET. [(11)C] 2 showed a specific binding, while kinetics of [(11)C]1 were too slow. [(11)C]5 reached equilibrium after 10 min (uptake index=1.2). Blocking and displacement experiments in rats and baseline imaging in PDE10A KO mice showed specific and reversible binding of [(11)C]5 to PDE10A. CONCLUSIONS We successfully radiolabeled and evaluated six radiotracers for their potential to visualize PDE10A in vivo. While [(11)C]1 had the highest striatal specific uptake index, its slow kinetics likely compromise clinical use of this tracer. [(11)C]5 has a relatively high striatum-to-background ratio and fast kinetic profile, which makes it a valuable carbon-11 alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Ooms
- Laboratory for Radiopharmacy, KU Leuven, Belgium; MoSAIC, Molecular Small Animal Imaging Centre, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Celen
- Laboratory for Radiopharmacy, KU Leuven, Belgium; MoSAIC, Molecular Small Animal Imaging Centre, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michel Koole
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Alfons Verbruggen
- Laboratory for Radiopharmacy, KU Leuven, Belgium; MoSAIC, Molecular Small Animal Imaging Centre, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Van Laere
- MoSAIC, Molecular Small Animal Imaging Centre, KU Leuven, Belgium; Division of Nuclear Medicine, KU Leuven and University Hospital Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Bormans
- Laboratory for Radiopharmacy, KU Leuven, Belgium; MoSAIC, Molecular Small Animal Imaging Centre, KU Leuven, Belgium.
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Bartolomé-Nebreda JM, Delgado F, Martín-Martín ML, Martínez-Viturro CM, Pastor J, Tong HM, Iturrino L, Macdonald GJ, Sanderson W, Megens A, Langlois X, Somers M, Vanhoof G, Conde-Ceide S. Discovery of a Potent, Selective, and Orally Active Phosphodiesterase 10A Inhibitor for the Potential Treatment of Schizophrenia. J Med Chem 2014; 57:4196-212. [DOI: 10.1021/jm500073h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Bartolomé-Nebreda
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Discovery Sciences Analytical Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Calle Jarama 75, Polígono
Industrial, Toledo 45007, Spain
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, ∥Discovery Sciences
Molecular Informatics, ⊥Neuroscience Biology, #Discovery Sciences ADME/Tox, and ∇Discovery Sciences
Translational Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg
30, B-2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Francisca Delgado
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Discovery Sciences Analytical Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Calle Jarama 75, Polígono
Industrial, Toledo 45007, Spain
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, ∥Discovery Sciences
Molecular Informatics, ⊥Neuroscience Biology, #Discovery Sciences ADME/Tox, and ∇Discovery Sciences
Translational Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg
30, B-2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - María Luz Martín-Martín
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Discovery Sciences Analytical Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Calle Jarama 75, Polígono
Industrial, Toledo 45007, Spain
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, ∥Discovery Sciences
Molecular Informatics, ⊥Neuroscience Biology, #Discovery Sciences ADME/Tox, and ∇Discovery Sciences
Translational Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg
30, B-2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Carlos M. Martínez-Viturro
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Discovery Sciences Analytical Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Calle Jarama 75, Polígono
Industrial, Toledo 45007, Spain
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, ∥Discovery Sciences
Molecular Informatics, ⊥Neuroscience Biology, #Discovery Sciences ADME/Tox, and ∇Discovery Sciences
Translational Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg
30, B-2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Joaquín Pastor
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Discovery Sciences Analytical Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Calle Jarama 75, Polígono
Industrial, Toledo 45007, Spain
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, ∥Discovery Sciences
Molecular Informatics, ⊥Neuroscience Biology, #Discovery Sciences ADME/Tox, and ∇Discovery Sciences
Translational Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg
30, B-2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Han Min Tong
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Discovery Sciences Analytical Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Calle Jarama 75, Polígono
Industrial, Toledo 45007, Spain
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, ∥Discovery Sciences
Molecular Informatics, ⊥Neuroscience Biology, #Discovery Sciences ADME/Tox, and ∇Discovery Sciences
Translational Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg
30, B-2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Laura Iturrino
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Discovery Sciences Analytical Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Calle Jarama 75, Polígono
Industrial, Toledo 45007, Spain
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, ∥Discovery Sciences
Molecular Informatics, ⊥Neuroscience Biology, #Discovery Sciences ADME/Tox, and ∇Discovery Sciences
Translational Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg
30, B-2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Gregor J. Macdonald
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Discovery Sciences Analytical Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Calle Jarama 75, Polígono
Industrial, Toledo 45007, Spain
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, ∥Discovery Sciences
Molecular Informatics, ⊥Neuroscience Biology, #Discovery Sciences ADME/Tox, and ∇Discovery Sciences
Translational Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg
30, B-2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Wendy Sanderson
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Discovery Sciences Analytical Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Calle Jarama 75, Polígono
Industrial, Toledo 45007, Spain
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, ∥Discovery Sciences
Molecular Informatics, ⊥Neuroscience Biology, #Discovery Sciences ADME/Tox, and ∇Discovery Sciences
Translational Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg
30, B-2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Anton Megens
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Discovery Sciences Analytical Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Calle Jarama 75, Polígono
Industrial, Toledo 45007, Spain
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, ∥Discovery Sciences
Molecular Informatics, ⊥Neuroscience Biology, #Discovery Sciences ADME/Tox, and ∇Discovery Sciences
Translational Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg
30, B-2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Xavier Langlois
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Discovery Sciences Analytical Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Calle Jarama 75, Polígono
Industrial, Toledo 45007, Spain
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, ∥Discovery Sciences
Molecular Informatics, ⊥Neuroscience Biology, #Discovery Sciences ADME/Tox, and ∇Discovery Sciences
Translational Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg
30, B-2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Marijke Somers
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Discovery Sciences Analytical Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Calle Jarama 75, Polígono
Industrial, Toledo 45007, Spain
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, ∥Discovery Sciences
Molecular Informatics, ⊥Neuroscience Biology, #Discovery Sciences ADME/Tox, and ∇Discovery Sciences
Translational Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg
30, B-2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Greet Vanhoof
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Discovery Sciences Analytical Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Calle Jarama 75, Polígono
Industrial, Toledo 45007, Spain
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, ∥Discovery Sciences
Molecular Informatics, ⊥Neuroscience Biology, #Discovery Sciences ADME/Tox, and ∇Discovery Sciences
Translational Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg
30, B-2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Susana Conde-Ceide
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Discovery Sciences Analytical Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Calle Jarama 75, Polígono
Industrial, Toledo 45007, Spain
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, ∥Discovery Sciences
Molecular Informatics, ⊥Neuroscience Biology, #Discovery Sciences ADME/Tox, and ∇Discovery Sciences
Translational Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg
30, B-2340, Beerse, Belgium
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Schwan G, Barbar Asskar G, Höfgen N, Kubicova L, Funke U, Egerland U, Zahn M, Nieber K, Scheunemann M, Sträter N, Brust P, Briel D. Fluorine-containing 6,7-dialkoxybiaryl-based inhibitors for phosphodiesterase 10 A: synthesis and in vitro evaluation of inhibitory potency, selectivity, and metabolism. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:1476-87. [PMID: 24729456 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Based on the potent phosphodiesterase 10 A (PDE10A) inhibitor PQ-10, we synthesized 32 derivatives to determine relationships between their molecular structure and binding properties. Their roles as potential positron emission tomography (PET) ligands were evaluated, as well as their inhibitory potency toward PDE10A and other PDEs, and their metabolic stability was determined in vitro. According to our findings, halo-alkyl substituents at position 2 of the quinazoline moiety and/or halo-alkyloxy substituents at positions 6 or 7 affect not only the compounds' affinity, but also their selectivity toward PDE10A. As a result of substituting the methoxy group for a monofluoroethoxy or difluoroethoxy group at position 6 of the quinazoline ring, the selectivity for PDE10A over PDE3A increased. The same result was obtained by 6,7-difluoride substitution on the quinoxaline moiety. Finally, fluorinated compounds (R)-7-(fluoromethoxy)-6-methoxy-4-(3-(quinoxaline-2-yloxy)pyrrolidine-1-yl)quinazoline (16 a), 19 a-d, (R)-tert-butyl-3-(6-fluoroquinoxalin-2-yloxy)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (29), and 35 (IC50 PDE10A 11-65 nM) showed the highest inhibitory potential. Further, fluoroethoxy substitution at position 7 of the quinazoline ring improved metabolic stability over that of the lead structure PQ-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Schwan
- Institut für Pharmazie, Universität Leipzig, Brüderstr. 34, 04103 Leipzig (Germany), Fax: (+49) 341 9736889
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Radiosyntheses and in vivo evaluation of carbon-11 PET tracers for PDE10A in the brain of rodent and nonhuman primate. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:2648-54. [PMID: 24721831 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The radiosyntheses and in vivo evaluation of four carbon-11 labeled quinoline group-containing radioligands are reported here. Radiolabeling of [(11)C]1-4 was achieved by alkylation of their corresponding desmethyl precursors with [(11)C]CH3I. Preliminary biodistribution evaluation in Sprague-Dawley rats demonstrated that [(11)C]1 and [(11)C]2 had high striatal accumulation (at peak time) for [(11)C]1 and [(11)C]2 were 6.0-fold and 4.5-fold at 60 min, respectively. Following MP-10 pretreatment, striatal uptake in rats of [(11)C]1 and [(11)C]2 was reduced, suggesting that the tracers bind specifically to PDE10A. MicroPET studies of [(11)C]1 and [(11)C]2 in nonhuman primates (NHP) also showed good tracer retention in the striatum with rapid clearance from non-target brain regions. Striatal uptake (SUV) of [(11)C]1 reached 1.8 at 30 min with a 3.5-fold striatum:cerebellum ratio. In addition, HPLC analysis of solvent extracts from NHP plasma samples suggested that [(11)C]1 had a very favorable metabolic stability. Our preclinical investigations suggest that [(11)C]1 is a promising candidate for quantification of PDE10A in vivo using PET.
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Plisson C, Weinzimmer D, Jakobsen S, Natesan S, Salinas C, Lin SF, Labaree D, Zheng MQ, Nabulsi N, Marques TR, Kapur S, Kawanishi E, Saijo T, Gunn RN, Carson RE, Rabiner EA. Phosphodiesterase 10A PET Radioligand Development Program: From Pig to Human. J Nucl Med 2014; 55:595-601. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.113.131409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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38
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Van Laere K, Ahmad RU, Hudyana H, Dubois K, Schmidt ME, Celen S, Bormans G, Koole M. Quantification of 18F-JNJ-42259152, a novel phosphodiesterase 10A PET tracer: kinetic modeling and test-retest study in human brain. J Nucl Med 2013; 54:1285-93. [PMID: 23843566 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.112.118679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) plays a central role in striatal signaling and is implicated in several neuropsychiatric disorders, such as movement disorders and schizophrenia. We performed initial brain kinetic modeling of the novel PDE10A tracer (18)F-JNJ-42259152 (2-[[4-[1-(2-(18)F-fluoroethyl)-4-(4-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]phenoxy]methyl]-3,5-dimethyl-pyridine) and studied test-retest reproducibility in healthy volunteers. METHODS Twelve healthy volunteers (5 men, 7 women; age range, 42-77 y) were scanned dynamically up to 135 min after bolus injection of 172.5 ± 10.3 MBq of (18)F-JNJ42259152. Four volunteers (2 men, 2 women) underwent retest scanning, with a mean interscan interval of 37 d. Input functions and tracer parent fractions were determined using arterial sampling and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Volumes of interest for the putamen, caudate nucleus, ventral striatum, substantia nigra, thalamus, frontal cortex, and cerebellum were delineated using individual volumetric T1 MR imaging scans. One-tissue (1T) and 2-tissue (2T) models were evaluated to calculate total distribution volume (VT). Simplified models were also tested to calculate binding potential (BPND), including the simplified reference tissue model (SRTM) and multilinear reference tissue model, using the frontal cortex as the optimal reference tissue. The stability of VT and BPND was assessed down to a 60-min scan time. RESULTS The average intact tracer half-life in blood was 90 min. The 2T model VT values for the putamen, caudate nucleus, ventral striatum, substantia nigra, thalamus, frontal cortex, and cerebellum were 1.54 ± 0.37, 0.90 ± 0.24, 0.64 ± 0.18, 0.42 ± 0.09, 0.35 ± 0.09, 0.30 ± 0.07, and 0.36 ± 0.12, respectively. The 1T model provided significantly lower VT values, which were well correlated to the 2T VT. SRTM BPND values referenced to the frontal cortex were 3.45 ± 0.43, 1.78 ± 0.35, 1.10 ± 0.31, and 0.44 ± 0.09 for the respective target regions putamen, caudate nucleus, ventral striatum, and substantia nigra, with similar values for the multilinear reference tissue model. Good correlations were found for the target regions putamen, caudate nucleus, ventral striatum, and substantia nigra between the 2T-compartment model BPND and the SRTM BPND (r = 0.57, 0.82, 0.70, and 0.64, respectively). SRTM BPND using a 90- and 60-min acquisition interval showed low bias. Test-retest variability was 5%-19% for 2T VT and 5%-12% for BPND SRTM. CONCLUSION Kinetic modeling of (18)F-JNJ-42259152 shows that PDE10A activity can be reliably quantified and simplified using a reference tissue model with the frontal cortex as reference and a 60-min acquisition period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Van Laere
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital and KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Celen S, Koole M, Ooms M, De Angelis M, Sannen I, Cornelis J, Alcazar J, Schmidt M, Verbruggen A, Langlois X, Van Laere K, Andrés JI, Bormans G. Preclinical evaluation of [(18)F]JNJ42259152 as a PET tracer for PDE10A. Neuroimage 2013; 82:13-22. [PMID: 23664955 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.04.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase-10A (PDE10A) is implicated in several neuropsychiatric disorders involving basal ganglia neurotransmission, such as schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder and Huntington's disease. To confirm target engagement and exposure-occupancy relationships of clinical candidates for treatment, and to further explore the in vivo biology of PDE10A, non-invasive imaging using a specific PET ligand is warranted. Recently we have reported the in vivo evaluation of [(18)F]JNJ41510417 which showed specific binding to PDE10A in rat striatum, but with relatively slow kinetics. A chemically related derivative JNJ42259152 was found to have a similar in vivo occupancy, but lower lipophilicity and lower PDE10A in vitro inhibitory activity compared to JNJ41510417. (18)F-labeled JNJ42259152 was therefore evaluated as a potential PDE10A PET radiotracer. Baseline PET in rats and monkey showed specific retention in the PDE10A-rich striatum, and fast wash-out, with a good contrast to non-specific binding, in other brain regions. Pretreatment and chase experiments in rats with the selective PDE10A inhibitor MP-10 showed that tracer binding was specific and reversible. Absence of specific binding in PDE10A knock-out (KO) mice further confirmed PDE10A specificity. In vivo radiometabolite analysis using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed presence of polar radiometabolites in rat plasma and brain. In vivo imaging in rat and monkey further showed faster brain kinetics, and higher striatum-to-cerebellum ratios for [(18)F]JNJ42259152 compared to [(18)F]JNJ41510417. The arterial input function corrected for radiometabolites was determined in rats and basic kinetic modeling was established. For a 60-min acquisition time interval, striatal binding potential of the intact tracer referenced to the cerebellum showed good correlation with corresponding binding potential values of a Simplified Reference Tissue Model and referenced Logan Plot, the latter using a population averaged reference tissue-to-plasma clearance rate and offering the possibility to generate representative parametric binding potential images. In conclusion we can state that in vivo imaging in PDE10A KO mice, rats and monkey demonstrates that [(18)F]JNJ42259152 provides a PDE10A-specific signal in the striatum with good pharmacokinetic properties. Although presence of a polar radiometabolite in rat brain yielded a systematic but reproducible underestimation of the striatal BPND, a Logan reference tissue model approach using 60 min acquisition data is appropriate for quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Celen
- Laboratory for Radiopharmacy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Li J, Jin H, Zhou H, Rothfuss J, Tu Z. Synthesis and in vitro biological evaluation of pyrazole group-containing analogues for PDE10A. MEDCHEMCOMM 2013; 4:443-449. [PMID: 23585921 DOI: 10.1039/c2md20239e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Twenty eight new analogues were synthesized by optimizing the structure of MP-10 and their in vitro binding affinities towards PDE10A, PDE3A/B, and PDE4A/B were determined. Among these new analogues, 10a, 10b, 10d, 11a, 11b and 11d are very potent towards PDE10A and have IC50 values of 0.40 ± 0.02, 0.28 ± 0.06, 1.82 ± 0.25, 0.24 ± 0.05, 0.36 ± 0.03 and 1.78 ± 0.03 nM respectively; these six compounds displayed high selectivity for PDE10A versus PDE3A/3B/4A/4B. The promising compounds will be further validated in vivo to identify PDE10A imaging tracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Li
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA; ; Tel: +1-314-362-8487
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Human biodistribution and dosimetry of 18F-JNJ42259152, a radioligand for phosphodiesterase 10A imaging. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2012; 40:254-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s00259-012-2270-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Andrés JI, Alcázar J, Cid JM, De Angelis M, Iturrino L, Langlois X, Lavreysen H, Trabanco AA, Celen S, Bormans G. Synthesis, evaluation, and radiolabeling of new potent positive allosteric modulators of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 as potential tracers for positron emission tomography imaging. J Med Chem 2012; 55:8685-99. [PMID: 22992024 DOI: 10.1021/jm300912k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of a new series of 7-(phenylpiperidinyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridines, which were conveniently radiolabeled with carbon-11, as potential positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers for in vivo imaging of the allosteric binding site of the metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptor subtype 2 are described. The synthesized compounds proved to be potent and selective positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of the mGlu receptor 2 (mGluR2) in a [³⁵S]GTPγS binding assay and were able to displace an mGluR2 PAM radioligand, which we had previously developed, with IC₅₀ values in the low nanomolar range. The most promising candidates were radiolabeled and subjected to biodistribution studies and radiometabolite analysis in rats. Preliminary small-animal PET (μPET) studies in rats indicated that [¹¹C]20f binds specifically and reversibly to an mGluR2 allosteric site, strongly suggesting that it is a promising candidate for PET imaging of mGluR2 in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- José-Ignacio Andrés
- Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development , Janssen-Cilag S.A., C/Jarama 75, 45007 Toledo, Spain.
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Chappie TA, Helal CJ, Hou X. Current landscape of phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) inhibition. J Med Chem 2012; 55:7299-331. [PMID: 22834877 DOI: 10.1021/jm3004976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Chappie
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Inc. , 700 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Preclinical evaluation and quantification of [18F]MK-9470 as a radioligand for PET imaging of the type 1 cannabinoid receptor in rat brain. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2012; 39:1467-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s00259-012-2163-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Hu E, Ma J, Biorn C, Lester-Zeiner D, Cho R, Rumfelt S, Kunz RK, Nixey T, Michelsen K, Miller S, Shi J, Wong J, Hill Della Puppa G, Able J, Talreja S, Hwang DR, Hitchcock SA, Porter A, Immke D, Allen JR, Treanor J, Chen H. Rapid identification of a novel small molecule phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) tracer. J Med Chem 2012; 55:4776-87. [PMID: 22548439 DOI: 10.1021/jm3002372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A radiolabeled tracer for imaging therapeutic targets in the brain is a valuable tool for lead optimization in CNS drug discovery and for dose selection in clinical development. We report the rapid identification of a novel phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) tracer candidate using a LC-MS/MS technology. This structurally distinct PDE10A tracer, AMG-7980 (5), has been shown to have good uptake in the striatum (1.2% ID/g tissue), high specificity (striatum/thalamus ratio of 10), and saturable binding in vivo. The PDE10A affinity (K(D)) and PDE10A target density (B(max)) were determined to be 0.94 nM and 2.3 pmol/mg protein, respectively, using [(3)H]5 on rat striatum homogenate. Autoradiography on rat brain sections indicated that the tracer signal was consistent with known PDE10A expression pattern. The specific binding of [(3)H]5 to rat brain was blocked by another structurally distinct, published PDE10A inhibitor, MP-10. Lastly, our tracer was used to measure in vivo PDE10A target occupancy of a PDE10A inhibitor in rats using LC-MS/MS technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essa Hu
- Department of Small Molecule Chemistry, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320-1799, United States.
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Virdee K, Cumming P, Caprioli D, Jupp B, Rominger A, Aigbirhio FI, Fryer TD, Riss PJ, Dalley JW. Applications of positron emission tomography in animal models of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2012; 36:1188-216. [PMID: 22342372 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) provides dynamic images of the biodistribution of radioactive tracers in the brain. Through application of the principles of compartmental analysis, tracer uptake can be quantified in terms of specific physiological processes such as cerebral blood flow, cerebral metabolic rate, and the availability of receptors in brain. Whereas early PET studies in animal models of brain diseases were hampered by the limited spatial resolution of PET instruments, dedicated small-animal instruments now provide molecular images of rodent brain with resolution approaching 1mm, the theoretic limit of the method. Major applications of PET for brain research have consisted of studies of animal models of neurological disorders, notably Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Huntington's disease (HD), stroke, epilepsy and traumatic brain injury; these studies have particularly benefited from selective neurochemical lesion models (PD), and also transgenic rodent models (AD, HD). Due to their complex and uncertain pathophysiologies, corresponding models of neuropsychiatric disorders have proven more difficult to establish. Historically, there has been an emphasis on PET studies of dopamine transmission, as assessed with a range of tracers targeting dopamine synthesis, plasma membrane transporters, and receptor binding sites. However, notable recent breakthroughs in molecular imaging include the development of greatly improved tracers for subtypes of serotonin, cannabinoid, and metabotropic glutamate receptors, as well as noradrenaline transporters, amyloid-β and neuroinflammatory changes. This article reviews the considerable recent progress in preclinical PET and discusses applications relevant to a number of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwar Virdee
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
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Radiosynthesis and Radiotracer Properties of a 7-(2-[18F]Fluoroethoxy)-6-methoxypyrrolidinylquinazoline for Imaging of Phosphodiesterase 10A with PET. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2012; 5:169-88. [PMID: 24288087 PMCID: PMC3763632 DOI: 10.3390/ph5020169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) is a key enzyme of intracellular signal transduction which is involved in the regulation of neurotransmission. The molecular imaging of PDE10A by PET is expected to allow a better understanding of physiological and pathological processes related to PDE10A expression and function in the brain. The aim of this study was to develop a new 18F-labeled PDE10A ligand based on a 6,7-dimethoxy-4-pyrrolidinylquinazoline and to evaluate its properties in biodistribution studies. Nucleophilic substitution of the 7-tosyloxy-analogue led to the 7-[18F]fluoroethoxy-derivative [18F]IV with radiochemical yields of 25% ± 9% (n = 9), high radiochemical purity of ≥99% and specific activities of 110–1,100 GBq/μmol. [18F]IV showed moderate PDE10A affinity (KD,PDE10A = 14 nM) and high metabolic stability in the brain of female CD-1 mice, wherein the radioligand entered rapidly with a peak uptake of 2.3% ID/g in striatum at 5 min p.i. However, ex vivo autoradiographic and in vivo blocking studies revealed no target specific accumulation and demonstrated [18F]IV to be inapplicable for imaging PDE10A with PET.
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Abstract
The results of imaging studies have played an important role in the formulation of hypotheses regarding the etiology of psychosis and schizophrenia, as well as in our understanding of the mechanisms of action of antipsychotics. Since this volume is primarily directed to molecular aspects of psychosis and antipsychotics, only the results of molecular imaging techniques addressing these topics will be discussed here.One of the most consistent findings of molecular imaging studies in schizophrenia is an increased uptake of DOPA in the striatum, which may be interpreted as an increased synthesis of L-DOPA. Also, several studies reported an increased release of dopamine induced by amphetamine in schizophrenia patients. These findings played an important role in reformulating the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia. To study the roles of the neurotransmitters γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate in schizophrenia, SPECT as well as MR spectroscopy have been used. The results of preliminary SPECT studies are consistent with the hypothesis of NMDA receptor dysfunction in schizophrenia. Regarding the GABA deficit hypothesis of schizophrenia, imaging results are inconsistent. No changes in serotonin transporters were demonstrated in imaging studies in schizophrenia, but studies of several serotonin receptors showed conflicting results. The lack of selective radiotracers for muscarinic receptors may have hampered examination of this system in schizophrenia as well as its role in the induction of side effects of antipsychotics. Interestingly, preliminary molecular imaging studies on the cannabinoid-1 receptor and on neuroinflammatory processes in schizophrenia have recently been published. Finally, a substantial number of PET/SPECT studies have examined the occupancy of receptors by antipsychotics and an increasing number of studies is now focusing on the effects of these drugs using techniques like spectroscopy and pharmacological MRI.
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Recent Advances in the Development of PET and SPECT Tracers for Brain Imaging. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-396492-2.00008-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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