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Fattahi MR, Dehghani M, Paknahad S, Rahiminia S, Zareie D, Hoseini B, Oroomi TR, Motedayyen H, Arefnezhad R. Clinical insights into nanomedicine and biosafety: advanced therapeutic approaches for common urological cancers. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1438297. [PMID: 39193389 PMCID: PMC11347329 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1438297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Urological cancers including those of the prostate, bladder, and kidney, are prevalent and often lethal malignancies besides other less common ones like testicular and penile cancers. Current treatments have major limitations like side effects, recurrence, resistance, high costs, and poor quality of life. Nanotechnology offers promising solutions through enhanced diagnostic accuracy, targeted drug delivery, controlled release, and multimodal imaging. This review reflects clinical challenges and nanomedical advances across major urological cancers. In prostate cancer, nanoparticles improve delineation and radiosensitization in radiation therapy, enable fluorescent guidance in surgery, and enhance chemotherapy penetration in metastatic disease. Nanoparticles also overcome bladder permeability barriers to increase the residence time of intravesical therapy and chemotherapy agents. In renal cancer, nanocarriers potentiate tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immunotherapy while gene vectors and zinc oxide nanoparticles demonstrate antiproliferative effects. Across modalities, urological applications of nanomedicine include polymeric, liposomal, and metal nanoparticles for targeted therapy, prodrug delivery, photodynamic therapy, and thermal ablation. Biosafety assessments reveal favorable profiles but clinical translation remains limited, necessitating further trials. In conclusion, nanotechnology holds significant potential for earlier detection, precise intervention, and tailored treatment of urological malignancies, warranting expanded research to transform patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Fattahi
- School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Shafa Rahiminia
- School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Deniz Zareie
- School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Behzad Hoseini
- School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Motedayyen
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Reza Arefnezhad
- Coenzyme R Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Liu A, He M, Liu C, Ye Z, Tan CP, Liu Y, Gong J, Lei J, He Y, Zhu S, Zhao J, Xu YJ, Liu Y. Prevention of Hypercholesterolemia with "Liposomes in Microspheres" Composite Carriers: A Promising Approach for Intestinal-Targeted Oral Delivery of Astaxanthin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:6118-6132. [PMID: 38477232 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are caused by hypercholesterolemia. Astaxanthin (AST) has been reported to exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its bioavailability is poor because of low solubility and instability. In order to improve the bioavailability of AST, we developed an intestinal-responsive composite carrier termed as "liposomes in micropheres" incorporating N-succinyl-chitosan (NSC)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) liposomes that functionalized by neonatal Fc receptors (FcRn) into hydrogels of sodium alginate (SA) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS). In the AST NSC/HSA-PEG liposomes@SA/CMCS microspheres, the AST's encapsulation efficiency (EE) was 96.26% (w/w) and its loading capacity (LC) was 6.47% (w/w). AST NSC/HSA-PEG liposomes had stability in the gastric conditions and achieved long-term release of AST in intestinal conditions. Then, AST NSC/HSA-PEG liposomes@SA/CMCS bind to intestinal epithelial cell targets by the neonatal Fc receptor. In vitro permeation studies show that there was a 4-fold increase of AST NSC/HSA-PEG liposomes@SA/CMCS in AST permeation across the intestinal epithelium. Subsequent in vivo experiments demonstrated that the composite carrier exhibited a remarkable mucoadhesive capacity, allowing for extended intestinal retention of up to 12 h, and it displayed deep penetration through the mucus layer, efficiently entering the intestinal villi epithelial cells, and enhancing the absorption of AST and its bioavailability in vivo. And oral administration of AST NSC/HSA-PEG liposomes@SA/CMCS could effectively prevent hypercholesterolemia caused by a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet (HFHCD). These advancements highlight the potential of NSC/HSA-PEG liposomes@SA/CMCS composite carriers for targeted and oral uptake of hydrophobic bioactives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Mengxue He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Chunhuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Zhan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Chin-Ping Tan
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor 410500, Malaysia
| | - Yanjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jiajia Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jingnan Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Shuang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jialiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yong-Jiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yuanfa Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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Sahoo CK, Sahoo NK, Sahu M, Gupta J. Liposomes for the treatment of prostate cancer therapy: A review. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2024; 39:100792. [PMID: 38367412 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2024.100792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
One of the cancers that affect men, prostate cancer considerably raises mortality rates for males around the world. Patients with prostate cancer can have a localized or advanced form of the illness. Digital rectal examinations, prostate-specific antigen analyses, and prostate biopsies are all used to identify prostate cancer. The onset, development, and spread of cancer are all correlated with mutations in specific genes. Radical prostatectomy, ablative radiation, and active surveillance are all forms of treatment for localized prostate cancer. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), radiation, and chemotherapy are given to men who have metastatic prostate cancer or have experienced a relapse. When compared to traditional cancer chemotherapeutic methods, the liposome-based drug delivery technology offers less toxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible nanomedicine. Liposomes offer great advantages for use in nanomedicines by improving the sensitivity, specificity, and persistence of these anti-malignant cell agents in the body. Liposomal formulations are undergoing clinical trials of variety of cancers including prostate cancer. The present narrative review describes the composition and types of liposomes, its advantages, disadvantages, and the methods of preparation, research studies, clinical applications, drug repurposing and administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmaya Keshari Sahoo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Puri (Affiliated to the Biju Patnaik University of Technology), Odisha, 752004, India
| | - Nalini Kanta Sahoo
- MIT College of Pharmacy, MIT Campus, Moradabad (Affiliated to Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University), Ram Ganga vihar, Phase-II, UP, 244001, India.
| | - Madhusmita Sahu
- MET Faculty of Pharmacy, MIT Campus, Moradabad (Affiliated to Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University), Ram Ganga vihar, Phase-II, UP, 244001, India
| | - Jahanvi Gupta
- MIT College of Pharmacy, MIT Campus, Moradabad (Affiliated to Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University), Ram Ganga vihar, Phase-II, UP, 244001, India
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Rofeal M, Abdelmalek F, Pietrasik J, Steinbüchel A. A comparative study between two carboxymethylated polysaccharides/protein electrostatic and cross-linked nanogels constructed for caffeic acid and eugenol delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125585. [PMID: 37379949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
In response to the pressing demand for functional nanomaterials synthesis and applications, two polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) [electrostatic and cross-linked nanogels (NGs)] loaded individually with caffeic acid (CafA) and eugenol (Eug) demonstrating multifunctionalities were proposed for the first time. Curdlan (Curd) and glucomannan (GM) were carboxymethylated (CMCurd and CMGM) successfully and polymeric ratios of 1:1 and 4:1 (v/v) for chitosan (Cs): CMCurd and lactoferrin (Lf): CMGM were selected for the synthesis of Cs/CMCurd and Lf/CMGM NGs. Due to the use of EDC/NHS, Cs/CMCurd/CafA and Lf/CMGM/Eug NGs possessed very uniform particles sizes of 177 ± 18 and 230 ± 17 nm with marked encapsulation efficiencies (EEs) of 76 ± 4 and 88 ± 3 %, respectively. The formation of a carbonyl-amide linkage in both cross-linked NGs was confirmed by FTIR. It should be noted, the self-assembly was not reliable in retaining enough of the encapsulated compounds. Owing to the excellent physicochemical characteristics of the loaded cross-linked NGs, they were prioritized over the electrostatic ones. Both Cs/CMCurd/CafA and Lf/CMGM/Eug NGs exhibited high colloidal stability over 12 weeks, elevated hemocompatibility, and in vitro serum stability. The generated NGs were also tailored to possess controlled release profiles for CafA and Eug over 72 h. Cs/CMCurd/CafA and Lf/CMGM/Eug NGs had promising antioxidant efficacies and could remarkably inhibit 4 bacterial pathogens at low 2-16 μg/mL concentration of encapsulated NGs compared to their unencapsulated counterparts. Interestingly, the respective NGs could significantly decline the IC50 against colorectal cancer HCT-116 than conventional drugs. Based on these data, it was conferred that the investigated NGs could be promising candidates for functional foods and pharmaceutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Rofeal
- International Center for Research on Innovative Biobased Materials (ICRI-BioM)-International Research Agenda, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, Lodz 90-924, Poland; Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, 21521, Egypt.
| | - Fady Abdelmalek
- International Center for Research on Innovative Biobased Materials (ICRI-BioM)-International Research Agenda, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, Lodz 90-924, Poland.
| | - Joanna Pietrasik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 16, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
| | - Alexander Steinbüchel
- International Center for Research on Innovative Biobased Materials (ICRI-BioM)-International Research Agenda, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, Lodz 90-924, Poland
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5
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Liu A, Chai X, Zhu S, Chin PT, He M, Xu YJ, Liu Y. Effects of N-succinyl-chitosan coating on properties of astaxanthin-loaded PEG-liposomes: Environmental stability, antioxidant/antibacterial activities, and in vitro release. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125311. [PMID: 37302627 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AST) has outstanding antioxidant and anti-inflammation bioactivities, but the low biocompatibility and stability limit its application in foods. In this study, N-succinyl-chitosan (NSC)-coated AST polyethylene glycol (PEG)-liposomes were constructed to enhance the biocompatibility, stability, and intestinal-targeted migration of AST. The AST NSC/PEG-liposomes were uniform in size, had larger particles, greater encapsulation efficiency, and better storage, pH, and temperature stability than the AST PEG-liposomes. AST NSC/PEG-liposomes exerted stronger antibacterial and antioxidant activities against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus than AST PEG-liposomes. The NSC coating not only protects AST PEG-liposomes from gastric acid but also prolongs the retention and sustained release of AST NSC/PEG-liposomes depending on the intestinal pH. Moreover, caco-2 cellular uptake studies showed that AST NSC/PEG-liposomes had higher cellular uptake efficiency than AST PEG-liposomes. And AST NSC/PEG-liposomes were taken up by caco-2 cells through clathrin mediated endocytic, macrophage pathways and paracellular transport pathway. These results further proved that AST NSC/PEG-liposomes delayed the release and promoted the intestinal absorption of AST. Hence, AST PEG-liposomes coated with NSC could potentially be used as an efficient delivery system for therapeutic AST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xiuhang Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Shuang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Ping-Tan Chin
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor 410500, Malaysia
| | - Mengxue He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yong-Jiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Yuanfa Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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6
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Que H, Hong W, Lan T, Zeng H, Chen L, Wan D, Bi Z, Ren W, Luo M, Yang J, He C, Zhong A, Wei X. Tripterin liposome relieves severe acute respiratory syndrome as a potent COVID-19 treatment. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:399. [PMID: 36566328 PMCID: PMC9789731 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01283-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
For coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), 15-30% of patients are likely to develop COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). There are still few effective and well-understood therapies available. Novel variants and short-lasting immunity are posing challenges to vaccine efficacy, so finding antiviral and antiinflammatory treatments remains crucial. Here, tripterin (TP), a traditional Chinese medicine, was encapsulated into liposome (TP lipo) to investigate its antiviral and antiinflammatory effects in severe COVID-19. By using two severe COVID-19 models in human ACE2-transgenic (hACE2) mice, an analysis of TP lipo's effects on pulmonary immune responses was conducted. Pulmonary pathological alterations and viral burden were reduced by TP lipo treatment. TP lipo inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication and hyperinflammation in infected cells and mice, two crucial events in severe COVID-19 pathophysiology, it is a promising drug candidate to treat SARS-CoV-2-induced ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Que
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiqi Hong
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianxia Lan
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zeng
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Chen
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Wan
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenfei Bi
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyan Ren
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Luo
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyun Yang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai He
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ailing Zhong
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Salah M, Sallam MA, Abdelmoneem MA, Teleb M, Elkhodairy KA, Bekhit AA, Khafaga AF, Noreldin AE, Elzoghby AO, Khattab SN. Sequential Delivery of Novel Triple Drug Combination via Crosslinked Alginate/Lactoferrin Nanohybrids for Enhanced Breast Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2404. [PMID: 36365222 PMCID: PMC9693489 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
While breast cancer remains a global health concern, the elaboration of rationally designed drug combinations coupled with advanced biocompatible delivery systems offers new promising treatment venues. Herein, we repurposed rosuvastatin (RST) based on its selective tumor apoptotic effect and combined it with the antimetabolite pemetrexed (PMT) and the tumor-sensitizing polyphenol honokiol (HK). This synergistic three-drug combination was incorporated into protein polysaccharide nanohybrids fabricated by utilizing sodium alginate (ALG) and lactoferrin (LF), inspired by the stealth property of the former and the cancer cell targeting capability of the latter. ALG was conjugated to PMT and then coupled with LF which was conjugated to RST, forming core shell nanohybrids into which HK was physically loaded, followed by cross linking using genipin. The crosslinked HK-loaded PMT-ALG/LF-RST nanohybrids exhibited a fair drug loading of 7.86, 5.24 and 6.11% for RST, PMT and HK, respectively. It demonstrated an eight-fold decrease in the IC50 compared to the free drug combination, in addition to showing an enhanced cellular uptake by MCF-7 cells. The in vivo antitumor efficacy in a breast cancer-bearing mouse model confirmed the superiority of the triple cocktail-loaded nanohybrids. Conclusively, our rationally designed triple drug-loaded protein/polysaccharide nanohybrids offer a promising, biocompatible approach for an effective breast tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Salah
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Marwa A. Sallam
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Mona A. Abdelmoneem
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Teleb
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Kadria A. Elkhodairy
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Adnan A. Bekhit
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
- Pharmacy Program, Allied Health Department, College of Health Sciences, University of Bahrain, Sakheer P.O. Box 32 038, Bahrain
| | - Asmaa F. Khafaga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22758, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E. Noreldin
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed O. Elzoghby
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Sherine N. Khattab
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
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8
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Fuzo CA, Martins RB, Fraga‐Silva TFC, Amstalden MK, Canassa De Leo T, Souza JP, Lima TM, Faccioli LH, Okamoto DN, Juliano MA, França SC, Juliano L, Bonato VLD, Arruda E, Dias‐Baruffi M. Celastrol: A lead compound that inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication, the activity of viral and human cysteine proteases, and virus-induced IL-6 secretion. Drug Dev Res 2022; 83:1623-1640. [PMID: 35989498 PMCID: PMC9539158 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The global emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused substantial human casualties. Clinical manifestations of this disease vary from asymptomatic to lethal, and the symptomatic form can be associated with cytokine storm and hyperinflammation. In face of the urgent demand for effective drugs to treat COVID-19, we have searched for candidate compounds using in silico approach followed by experimental validation. Here we identified celastrol, a pentacyclic triterpene isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, as one of the best compounds out of 39 drug candidates. Celastrol reverted the gene expression signature from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected cells and irreversibly inhibited the recombinant forms of the viral and human cysteine proteases involved in virus invasion, such as Mpro (main protease), PLpro (papain-like protease), and recombinant human cathepsin L. Celastrol suppressed SARS-CoV-2 replication in human and monkey cell lines and decreased interleukin-6 (IL-6) secretion in the SARS-CoV-2-infected human cell line. Celastrol acted in a concentration-dependent manner, with undetectable signs of cytotoxicity, and inhibited in vitro replication of the parental and SARS-CoV-2 variant. Therefore, celastrol is a promising lead compound to develop new drug candidates to face COVID-19 due to its ability to suppress SARS-CoV-2 replication and IL-6 production in infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. Fuzo
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão PretoUniversidade de São PauloRibeirão PretoSão PauloBrazil
| | - Ronaldo B. Martins
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão PretoUniversidade de São PauloRibeirão PretoSão PauloBrazil
| | - Thais F. C. Fraga‐Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão PretoUniversidade de São PauloRibeirão PretoSão PauloBrazil
| | - Martin K. Amstalden
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão PretoUniversidade de São PauloRibeirão PretoSão PauloBrazil
| | - Thais Canassa De Leo
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão PretoUniversidade de São PauloRibeirão PretoSão PauloBrazil
| | - Juliano P. Souza
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão PretoUniversidade de São PauloRibeirão PretoSão PauloBrazil
| | - Thais M. Lima
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão PretoUniversidade de São PauloRibeirão PretoSão PauloBrazil
| | - Lucia H. Faccioli
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão PretoUniversidade de São PauloRibeirão PretoSão PauloBrazil
| | - Débora Noma Okamoto
- Departamento de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de São PauloSão PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Juliano
- Departamento de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de São PauloSão PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Suzelei C. França
- Unidade de BiotecnologiaUniversidade de Ribeirão PretoRibeirão PretoSão PauloBrazil
| | - Luiz Juliano
- Departamento de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de São PauloSão PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Vania L. D. Bonato
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão PretoUniversidade de São PauloRibeirão PretoSão PauloBrazil
| | - Eurico Arruda
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão PretoUniversidade de São PauloRibeirão PretoSão PauloBrazil
| | - Marcelo Dias‐Baruffi
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão PretoUniversidade de São PauloRibeirão PretoSão PauloBrazil
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9
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Khanna NN, Maindarkar M, Puvvula A, Paul S, Bhagawati M, Ahluwalia P, Ruzsa Z, Sharma A, Munjral S, Kolluri R, Krishnan PR, Singh IM, Laird JR, Fatemi M, Alizad A, Dhanjil SK, Saba L, Balestrieri A, Faa G, Paraskevas KI, Misra DP, Agarwal V, Sharma A, Teji J, Al-Maini M, Nicolaides A, Rathore V, Naidu S, Liblik K, Johri AM, Turk M, Sobel DW, Pareek G, Miner M, Viskovic K, Tsoulfas G, Protogerou AD, Mavrogeni S, Kitas GD, Fouda MM, Kalra MK, Suri JS. Vascular Implications of COVID-19: Role of Radiological Imaging, Artificial Intelligence, and Tissue Characterization: A Special Report. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:268. [PMID: 36005433 PMCID: PMC9409845 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9080268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus has caused a pandemic, infecting nearly 80 million people worldwide, with mortality exceeding six million. The average survival span is just 14 days from the time the symptoms become aggressive. The present study delineates the deep-driven vascular damage in the pulmonary, renal, coronary, and carotid vessels due to SARS-CoV-2. This special report addresses an important gap in the literature in understanding (i) the pathophysiology of vascular damage and the role of medical imaging in the visualization of the damage caused by SARS-CoV-2, and (ii) further understanding the severity of COVID-19 using artificial intelligence (AI)-based tissue characterization (TC). PRISMA was used to select 296 studies for AI-based TC. Radiological imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and ultrasound were selected for imaging of the vasculature infected by COVID-19. Four kinds of hypotheses are presented for showing the vascular damage in radiological images due to COVID-19. Three kinds of AI models, namely, machine learning, deep learning, and transfer learning, are used for TC. Further, the study presents recommendations for improving AI-based architectures for vascular studies. We conclude that the process of vascular damage due to COVID-19 has similarities across vessel types, even though it results in multi-organ dysfunction. Although the mortality rate is ~2% of those infected, the long-term effect of COVID-19 needs monitoring to avoid deaths. AI seems to be penetrating the health care industry at warp speed, and we expect to see an emerging role in patient care, reduce the mortality and morbidity rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra N. Khanna
- Department of Cardiology, Indraprastha APOLLO Hospitals, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Mahesh Maindarkar
- Stroke Monitoring and Diagnostic Division, AtheroPoint™, Roseville, CA 95661, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India
| | - Anudeep Puvvula
- Stroke Monitoring and Diagnostic Division, AtheroPoint™, Roseville, CA 95661, USA
- Annu’s Hospitals for Skin and Diabetes, Nellore 524101, India
| | - Sudip Paul
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India
| | - Mrinalini Bhagawati
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India
| | - Puneet Ahluwalia
- Max Institute of Cancer Care, Max Super Specialty Hospital, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Zoltan Ruzsa
- Invasive Cardiology Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Aditya Sharma
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Smiksha Munjral
- Stroke Monitoring and Diagnostic Division, AtheroPoint™, Roseville, CA 95661, USA
| | - Raghu Kolluri
- Ohio Health Heart and Vascular, Columbus, OH 43214, USA
| | | | - Inder M. Singh
- Stroke Monitoring and Diagnostic Division, AtheroPoint™, Roseville, CA 95661, USA
| | - John R. Laird
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Adventist Health St. Helena, St Helena, CA 94574, USA
| | - Mostafa Fatemi
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Azra Alizad
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Surinder K. Dhanjil
- Stroke Monitoring and Diagnostic Division, AtheroPoint™, Roseville, CA 95661, USA
| | - Luca Saba
- Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, 40138 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonella Balestrieri
- Cardiovascular Prevention and Research Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Gavino Faa
- Department of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Durga Prasanna Misra
- Department of Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Vikas Agarwal
- Department of Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Aman Sharma
- Department of Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Jagjit Teji
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Mustafa Al-Maini
- Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology Institute, Toronto, ON L4Z 4C4, Canada
| | - Andrew Nicolaides
- Vascular Screening and Diagnostic Centre and University of Nicosia Medical School, 2408 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Vijay Rathore
- Nephrology Department, Kaiser Permanente, Sacramento, CA 95119, USA
| | - Subbaram Naidu
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Kiera Liblik
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Amer M. Johri
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Monika Turk
- The Hanse-Wissenschaftskolleg Institute for Advanced Study, 27753 Delmenhorst, Germany
| | - David W. Sobel
- Rheumatology Unit, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Gyan Pareek
- Minimally Invasive Urology Institute, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Martin Miner
- Men’s Health Centre, Miriam Hospital Providence, Providence, RI 02906, USA
| | - Klaudija Viskovic
- Department of Radiology and Ultrasound, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - George Tsoulfas
- Department of Surgery, Aristoteleion University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanasios D. Protogerou
- Cardiovascular Prevention and Research Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Sophie Mavrogeni
- Cardiology Clinic, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Centre, 17674 Athens, Greece
| | - George D. Kitas
- Academic Affairs, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, Dudley DY1 2HQ, UK
- Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Manchester University, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Mostafa M. Fouda
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA
| | - Manudeep K. Kalra
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jasjit S. Suri
- Stroke Monitoring and Diagnostic Division, AtheroPoint™, Roseville, CA 95661, USA
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10
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Suri JS, Maindarkar MA, Paul S, Ahluwalia P, Bhagawati M, Saba L, Faa G, Saxena S, Singh IM, Chadha PS, Turk M, Johri A, Khanna NN, Viskovic K, Mavrogeni S, Laird JR, Miner M, Sobel DW, Balestrieri A, Sfikakis PP, Tsoulfas G, Protogerou AD, Misra DP, Agarwal V, Kitas GD, Kolluri R, Teji JS, Al-Maini M, Dhanjil SK, Sockalingam M, Saxena A, Sharma A, Rathore V, Fatemi M, Alizad A, Krishnan PR, Omerzu T, Naidu S, Nicolaides A, Paraskevas KI, Kalra M, Ruzsa Z, Fouda MM. Deep Learning Paradigm for Cardiovascular Disease/Stroke Risk Stratification in Parkinson's Disease Affected by COVID-19: A Narrative Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:1543. [PMID: 35885449 PMCID: PMC9324237 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12071543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Motivation: Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most serious, non-curable, and expensive to treat. Recently, machine learning (ML) has shown to be able to predict cardiovascular/stroke risk in PD patients. The presence of COVID-19 causes the ML systems to become severely non-linear and poses challenges in cardiovascular/stroke risk stratification. Further, due to comorbidity, sample size constraints, and poor scientific and clinical validation techniques, there have been no well-explained ML paradigms. Deep neural networks are powerful learning machines that generalize non-linear conditions. This study presents a novel investigation of deep learning (DL) solutions for CVD/stroke risk prediction in PD patients affected by the COVID-19 framework. Method: The PRISMA search strategy was used for the selection of 292 studies closely associated with the effect of PD on CVD risk in the COVID-19 framework. We study the hypothesis that PD in the presence of COVID-19 can cause more harm to the heart and brain than in non-COVID-19 conditions. COVID-19 lung damage severity can be used as a covariate during DL training model designs. We, therefore, propose a DL model for the estimation of, (i) COVID-19 lesions in computed tomography (CT) scans and (ii) combining the covariates of PD, COVID-19 lesions, office and laboratory arterial atherosclerotic image-based biomarkers, and medicine usage for the PD patients for the design of DL point-based models for CVD/stroke risk stratification. Results: We validated the feasibility of CVD/stroke risk stratification in PD patients in the presence of a COVID-19 environment and this was also verified. DL architectures like long short-term memory (LSTM), and recurrent neural network (RNN) were studied for CVD/stroke risk stratification showing powerful designs. Lastly, we examined the artificial intelligence bias and provided recommendations for early detection of CVD/stroke in PD patients in the presence of COVID-19. Conclusion: The DL is a very powerful tool for predicting CVD/stroke risk in PD patients affected by COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasjit S. Suri
- Stroke Monitoring and Diagnostic Division, AtheroPoint™, Roseville, CA 95661, USA; (M.A.M.); (I.M.S.); (P.S.C.); (S.K.D.)
| | - Mahesh A. Maindarkar
- Stroke Monitoring and Diagnostic Division, AtheroPoint™, Roseville, CA 95661, USA; (M.A.M.); (I.M.S.); (P.S.C.); (S.K.D.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India; (S.P.); (M.B.)
| | - Sudip Paul
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India; (S.P.); (M.B.)
| | - Puneet Ahluwalia
- Max Institute of Cancer Care, Max Super Specialty Hospital, New Delhi 110017, India;
| | - Mrinalini Bhagawati
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India; (S.P.); (M.B.)
| | - Luca Saba
- Department of Radiology, and Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, 09123 Cagliari, Italy; (L.S.); (G.F.)
| | - Gavino Faa
- Department of Radiology, and Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, 09123 Cagliari, Italy; (L.S.); (G.F.)
| | - Sanjay Saxena
- Department of CSE, International Institute of Information Technology, Bhuneshwar 751029, India;
| | - Inder M. Singh
- Stroke Monitoring and Diagnostic Division, AtheroPoint™, Roseville, CA 95661, USA; (M.A.M.); (I.M.S.); (P.S.C.); (S.K.D.)
| | - Paramjit S. Chadha
- Stroke Monitoring and Diagnostic Division, AtheroPoint™, Roseville, CA 95661, USA; (M.A.M.); (I.M.S.); (P.S.C.); (S.K.D.)
| | - Monika Turk
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (M.T.); (T.O.)
| | - Amer Johri
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada;
| | - Narendra N. Khanna
- Department of Cardiology, Indraprastha APOLLO Hospitals, New Delhi 110076, India; (N.N.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Klaudija Viskovic
- Department of Radiology and Ultrasound, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Sofia Mavrogeni
- Cardiology Clinic, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Centre, 176 74 Athens, Greece;
| | - John R. Laird
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Adventist Health St. Helena, St. Helena, CA 94574, USA;
| | - Martin Miner
- Men’s Health Centre, Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI 02906, USA;
| | - David W. Sobel
- Rheumatology Unit, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece; (D.W.S.); (P.P.S.)
| | | | - Petros P. Sfikakis
- Rheumatology Unit, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece; (D.W.S.); (P.P.S.)
| | - George Tsoulfas
- Department of Surgery, Aristoteleion University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Athanase D. Protogerou
- Cardiovascular Prevention and Research Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece;
| | - Durga Prasanna Misra
- Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India; (D.P.M.); (V.A.)
| | - Vikas Agarwal
- Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India; (D.P.M.); (V.A.)
| | - George D. Kitas
- Academic Affairs, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, Dudley DY1 2HQ, UK;
- Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Manchester University, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Raghu Kolluri
- OhioHealth Heart and Vascular, Mansfield, OH 44905, USA;
| | - Jagjit S. Teji
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Mustafa Al-Maini
- Allergy, Clinical Immunology, and Rheumatology Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 1N8, Canada;
| | - Surinder K. Dhanjil
- Stroke Monitoring and Diagnostic Division, AtheroPoint™, Roseville, CA 95661, USA; (M.A.M.); (I.M.S.); (P.S.C.); (S.K.D.)
| | | | - Ajit Saxena
- Department of Cardiology, Indraprastha APOLLO Hospitals, New Delhi 110076, India; (N.N.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Aditya Sharma
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA;
| | - Vijay Rathore
- Nephrology Department, Kaiser Permanente, Sacramento, CA 95823, USA;
| | - Mostafa Fatemi
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Azra Alizad
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | | | - Tomaz Omerzu
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (M.T.); (T.O.)
| | - Subbaram Naidu
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812, USA;
| | - Andrew Nicolaides
- Vascular Screening and Diagnostic Centre, University of Nicosia Medical School, Engomi 2408, Cyprus;
| | - Kosmas I. Paraskevas
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Central Clinic of Athens, 106 80 Athens, Greece;
| | - Mannudeep Kalra
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Zoltán Ruzsa
- Invasive Cardiology Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Mostafa M. Fouda
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA;
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11
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Mokhtar S, Khattab SN, Elkhodairy KA, Teleb M, Bekhit AA, Elzoghby AO, Sallam MA. Methotrexate-Lactoferrin Targeted Exemestane Cubosomes for Synergistic Breast Cancer Therapy. Front Chem 2022; 10:847573. [PMID: 35392419 PMCID: PMC8980280 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.847573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
While the treatment regimen of certain types of breast cancer involves a combination of hormonal therapy and chemotherapy, the outcomes are limited due to the difference in the pharmacokinetics of both treatment agents that hinders their simultaneous and selective delivery to the cancer cells. Herein, we report a hybrid carrier system for the simultaneous targeted delivery of aromatase inhibitor exemestane (EXE) and methotrexate (MTX). EXE was physically loaded within liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LCNPs), while MTX was chemically conjugated to lactoferrin (Lf) by carbodiimide reaction. The anionic EXE-loaded LCNPs were then coated by the cationic MTX–Lf conjugate via electrostatic interactions. The Lf-targeted dual drug-loaded LCNPs exhibited a particle size of 143.6 ± 3.24 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.180. It showed excellent drug loading with an EXE encapsulation efficiency of 95% and an MTX conjugation efficiency of 33.33%. EXE and MTX showed synergistic effect against the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line with a combination index (CI) of 0.342. Furthermore, the Lf-targeted dual drug-loaded LCNPs demonstrated superior synergistic cytotoxic activity with a combination index (CI) of 0.242 and a dose reduction index (DRI) of 34.14 and 4.7 for EXE and MTX, respectively. Cellular uptake studies demonstrated higher cellular uptake of Lf-targeted LCNPs into MCF-7 cancer cells than non-targeted LCNPs after 4 and 24 h. Collectively, the targeted dual drug-loaded LCNPs are a promising candidate offering combinational hormonal therapy/chemotherapy for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Mokhtar
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sherine N. Khattab
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Sherine N. Khattab, , ; Ahmed O. Elzoghby,
| | - Kadria A. Elkhodairy
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Teleb
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Adnan A. Bekhit
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Pharmacy Program, Allied Health Department, College of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Bahrain, Al-Manamah, Bahrain
| | - Ahmed O. Elzoghby
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Sherine N. Khattab, , ; Ahmed O. Elzoghby,
| | - Marwa A. Sallam
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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12
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Ashrafizadeh M, Paskeh MDA, Mirzaei S, Gholami MH, Zarrabi A, Hashemi F, Hushmandi K, Hashemi M, Nabavi N, Crea F, Ren J, Klionsky DJ, Kumar AP, Wang Y. Targeting autophagy in prostate cancer: preclinical and clinical evidence for therapeutic response. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:105. [PMID: 35317831 PMCID: PMC8939209 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and new estimates revealed prostate cancer as the leading cause of death in men in 2021. Therefore, new strategies are pertinent in the treatment of this malignant disease. Macroautophagy/autophagy is a “self-degradation” mechanism capable of facilitating the turnover of long-lived and toxic macromolecules and organelles. Recently, attention has been drawn towards the role of autophagy in cancer and how its modulation provides effective cancer therapy. In the present review, we provide a mechanistic discussion of autophagy in prostate cancer. Autophagy can promote/inhibit proliferation and survival of prostate cancer cells. Besides, metastasis of prostate cancer cells is affected (via induction and inhibition) by autophagy. Autophagy can affect the response of prostate cancer cells to therapy such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, given the close association between autophagy and apoptosis. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that upstream mediators such as AMPK, non-coding RNAs, KLF5, MTOR and others regulate autophagy in prostate cancer. Anti-tumor compounds, for instance phytochemicals, dually inhibit or induce autophagy in prostate cancer therapy. For improving prostate cancer therapy, nanotherapeutics such as chitosan nanoparticles have been developed. With respect to the context-dependent role of autophagy in prostate cancer, genetic tools such as siRNA and CRISPR-Cas9 can be utilized for targeting autophagic genes. Finally, these findings can be translated into preclinical and clinical studies to improve survival and prognosis of prostate cancer patients. • Prostate cancer is among the leading causes of death in men where targeting autophagy is of importance in treatment; • Autophagy governs proliferation and metastasis capacity of prostate cancer cells; • Autophagy modulation is of interest in improving the therapeutic response of prostate cancer cells; • Molecular pathways, especially involving non-coding RNAs, regulate autophagy in prostate cancer; • Autophagy possesses both diagnostic and prognostic roles in prostate cancer, with promises for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Mahshid Deldar Abad Paskeh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, 34396, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Farid Hashemi
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1417466191, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Department of Urological Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, V6H3Z6, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Francesco Crea
- Cancer Research Group-School of Life Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute & Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore. .,NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Urological Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, V6H3Z6, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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13
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Zhang X, Chen Y, Feng X, Li L, Song K, Sun Y, Zhang G, Zhang L. A comprehensive study of celastrol metabolism in vivo and in vitro using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid triple quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:1222-1239. [PMID: 35080126 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐wei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang 050000 China
| | - Yu‐ting Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis School of Pharmacy Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang 050017 China
| | - Xue Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis School of Pharmacy Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang 050017 China
| | - Lu‐ya Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis School of Pharmacy Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang 050017 China
| | - Ke‐wei Song
- The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang Shijiazhuang 050017 China
| | - Yu‐peng Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis School of Pharmacy Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang 050017 China
| | - Guo‐hua Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang 050000 China
| | - Lan‐tong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis School of Pharmacy Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang 050017 China
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14
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Han HS, Koo SY, Choi KY. Emerging nanoformulation strategies for phytocompounds and applications from drug delivery to phototherapy to imaging. Bioact Mater 2021; 14:182-205. [PMID: 35310344 PMCID: PMC8892098 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over thousands of years, natural bioactive compounds derived from plants (bioactive phytocompounds, BPCs) have been used worldwide to address human health issues. Today, they are a significant resource for drug discovery in the development of modern medicines. Although many BPCs have promising biological activities, most of them cannot be effectively utilized in drugs for therapeutic applications because of their inherent limitations of low solubility, structural instability, short half-life, poor bioavailability, and non-specific distribution to organs. Researchers have utilized emerging nanoformulation (NF) technologies to overcome these limitations as they have demonstrated great potential to improve the solubility, stability, and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of BPCs. This review exemplifies NF strategies for resolving the issues associated with BPCs and summarizes recent advances in their preclinical and clinical applications for imaging and therapy. This review also highlights how innovative NF technologies play a leading role in next-generation BPC-based drug development for extended therapeutic applications. Finally, this review discusses the opportunities to take BPCs with meaningful clinical impact from bench to bedside and extend the patent life of BPC-based medicines with new formulations or application to new adjacent diseases beyond the primary drug indications. Natural bioactive phytocompounds derived from plants have been used worldwide to address human health issues. However, most of them cannot be effectively utilized in drugs for therapeutic applications because of their inherent limitations. Nanoformulation approach has recently been underlined as an emerging pharmaceutical strategy to overcome the intrinsic drawbacks of bioactive phytocompounds. Various types of nanoformulation and their up-to-date applications for targeted delivery, phototherapy, and imaging are reviewed. Finally, their clinical implications for the repurposing of bioactive phytocompounds are deliberated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Seung Han
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Yi Koo
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Young Choi
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea.
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Guo L, Zhang Y, Al-Jamal KT. Recent progress in nanotechnology-based drug carriers for celastrol delivery. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:6355-6380. [PMID: 34582530 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00639h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Celastrol (CLT) is an active ingredient that was initially discovered and extracted from the root of Tripterygium wilfordii. The potential pharmacological activities of CLT in cancer, obesity, and inflammatory, auto-immune, and neurodegenerative diseases have been demonstrated in recent years. However, CLT's clinical application is extremely restricted by its low solubility/permeability, poor bioavailability, and potential off-target toxicity. The advent of nanotechnology provides a solution to improve the oral bioavailability, therapeutic effects or tissue-targeting ability of CLT. This review focuses on the most recent advances, improvements, inventions, and updated literature of various nanocarrier systems for CLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Guo
- Guizhou Engineering Technology Research Center for Processing and Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongqing South Road, Huaxi University City, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R. China.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Yongping Zhang
- Guizhou Engineering Technology Research Center for Processing and Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongqing South Road, Huaxi University City, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R. China.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Khuloud T Al-Jamal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.
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16
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Bai B, Chen Q, Jing R, He X, Wang H, Ban Y, Ye Q, Xu W, Zheng C. Molecular Basis of Prostate Cancer and Natural Products as Potential Chemotherapeutic and Chemopreventive Agents. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:738235. [PMID: 34630112 PMCID: PMC8495205 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.738235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common malignant cancer in males. It involves a complex process driven by diverse molecular pathways that closely related to the survival, apoptosis, metabolic and metastatic characteristics of aggressive cancer. Prostate cancer can be categorized into androgen dependent prostate cancer and castration-resistant prostate cancer and cure remains elusive due to the developed resistance of the disease. Natural compounds represent an extraordinary resource of structural scaffolds with high diversity that can offer promising chemical agents for making prostate cancer less devastating and curable. Herein, those natural compounds of different origins and structures with potential cytotoxicity and/or in vivo anti-tumor activities against prostate cancer are critically reviewed and summarized according to the cellular signaling pathways they interfere. Moreover, the anti-prostate cancer efficacy of many nutrients, medicinal plant extracts and Chinese medical formulations were presented, and the future prospects for the application of these compounds and extracts were discussed. Although the failure of conventional chemotherapy as well as involved serious side effects makes natural products ideal candidates for the treatment of prostate cancer, more investigations of preclinical and even clinical studies are necessary to make use of these medical substances reasonably. Therefore, the elucidation of structure-activity relationship and precise mechanism of action, identification of novel potential molecular targets, and optimization of drug combination are essential in natural medicine research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingke Bai
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianbo Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Jing
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuhui He
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongrui Wang
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfei Ban
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Ye
- Department of Biological Science, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weiheng Xu
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengjian Zheng
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Development of theranostic dual-layered Au-liposome for effective tumor targeting and photothermal therapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:262. [PMID: 34481489 PMCID: PMC8418714 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photothermal therapy (PTT) is an emerging anti-cancer therapeutic strategy that generates hyperthermia to ablate cancer cells under laser irradiation. Gold (Au) coated liposome (AL) was reported as an effective PTT agent with good biocompatibility and excretory property. However, exposed Au components on liposomes can cause instability in vivo and difficulty in further functionalization. RESULTS Herein, we developed a theranostic dual-layered nanomaterial by adding liposomal layer to AL (LAL), followed by attaching polyethylene glycol (PEG) and radiolabeling. Functionalization with PEG improves the in vivo stability of LAL, and radioisotope labeling enables in vivo imaging of LAL. Functionalized LAL is stable in physiological conditions, and 64Cu labeled LAL (64Cu-LAL) shows a sufficient blood circulation property and an effective tumor targeting ability of 16.4%ID g-1 from in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Also, intravenously injected LAL shows higher tumor targeting, temperature elevation in vivo, and better PTT effect in orthotopic breast cancer mouse model compared to AL. The tumor growth inhibition rate of LAL was 3.9-fold higher than AL. CONCLUSION Based on these high stability, in vivo imaging ability, and tumor targeting efficiency, LAL could be a promising theranostic PTT agent.
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Naidu ECS, Olojede SO, Lawal SK, Rennie CO, Azu OO. Nanoparticle delivery system, highly active antiretroviral therapy, and testicular morphology: The role of stereology. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00776. [PMID: 34107163 PMCID: PMC8189564 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The conjugation of nanoparticles (NPs) with antiretroviral drugs is a drug delivery approach with great potential for managing HIV infections. Despite their promise, recent studies have highlighted the toxic effects of nanoparticles on testicular tissue and their impact on sperm morphology. This review explores the role of stereological techniques in assessing the testicular morphology in highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) when a nanoparticle drug delivery system is used. Also, NPs penetration and pharmacokinetics concerning the testicular tissue and blood-testis barrier form the vital part of this review. More so, various classes of NPs employed in biomedical and clinical research to deliver antiretroviral drugs were thoroughly discussed. In addition, considerations for minimizing nanoparticle-drugs toxicity, ensuring enhanced permeability of nanoparticles, maximizing drug efficacy, ensuring adequate bioavailability, and formulation of HAART-NPs fabrication are well discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Coleridge S. Naidu
- Discipline of Clinical AnatomySchool of Laboratory Medicine & Medical SciencesNelson R Mandela School of MedicineUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurbanSouth Africa
| | - Samuel Oluwaseun Olojede
- Discipline of Clinical AnatomySchool of Laboratory Medicine & Medical SciencesNelson R Mandela School of MedicineUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurbanSouth Africa
| | - Sodiq Kolawole Lawal
- Discipline of Clinical AnatomySchool of Laboratory Medicine & Medical SciencesNelson R Mandela School of MedicineUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurbanSouth Africa
| | - Carmen Olivia Rennie
- Discipline of Clinical AnatomySchool of Laboratory Medicine & Medical SciencesNelson R Mandela School of MedicineUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurbanSouth Africa
| | - Onyemaechi Okpara Azu
- Discipline of Clinical AnatomySchool of Laboratory Medicine & Medical SciencesNelson R Mandela School of MedicineUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurbanSouth Africa
- Department of AnatomySchool of MedicineUniversity of NamibiaWindhoekNamibia
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Celastrol and Triptolide Suppress Stemness in Triple Negative Breast Cancer: Notch as a Therapeutic Target for Stem Cells. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050482. [PMID: 33924995 PMCID: PMC8146582 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is observed in ~15% of breast cancers and results in poor survival and increased distant metastases. Within the tumor are present a small portion of cancer stem cells that drive tumorigenesis and metastasis. In this study, we aimed to elucidate whether the two natural compounds, celastrol and triptolide, inhibit stemness in TNBC. MDA-MB-231, BT20, and a patient-derived primary cells (PD-TNBC) were used in the study. Mammosphere assay was performed to assess the stemness. Both celastrol and triptolide treatment suppressed mammosphere formation. Furthermore, the compound suppressed expression of cancer stem cell marker proteins DCLK1, ALDH1, and CD133. Notch signaling plays a critical role in stem cells renewal. Both celastrol or triptolide reduced Notch -1 activation and expression of its downstream target proteins HES-1 and HEY-1. However, when NICD 1 was ectopically overexpressed in the cells, it partially rescued proliferation and mammosphere formation of the cells, supporting the role of notch signaling. Together, these data demonstrate that targeting stem cells and the notch signaling pathway may be an effective strategy for curtailing TNBC progression.
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Tian Q, Han Q, Zhu X, Zhang L, Chen K, Xie Z, Wang P, Wu X, Zhang Z, Zeng H. Celastrol-conjugated carboxylmethyl chitosan for oral treatment of diet-induced obesity. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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21
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Choi JS, Park JW, Seu YB, Doh KO. Enhanced efficacy of folate-incorporated cholesteryl doxorubicin liposome in folate receptor abundant cancer cell. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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d'Avanzo N, Torrieri G, Figueiredo P, Celia C, Paolino D, Correia A, Moslova K, Teesalu T, Fresta M, Santos HA. LinTT1 peptide-functionalized liposomes for targeted breast cancer therapy. Int J Pharm 2021; 597:120346. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Prunus spinosa Extract Loaded in Biomimetic Nanoparticles Evokes In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory and Wound Healing Activities. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 11:nano11010036. [PMID: 33375632 PMCID: PMC7824340 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Prunus spinosa fruits (PSF) contain different phenolic compounds showing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Innovative drug delivery systems such as biomimetic nanoparticles could improve the activity of PSF extract by promoting (i) the protection of payload into the lipidic bilayer, (ii) increased accumulation to the diseased tissue due to specific targeting properties, (iii) improved biocompatibility, (iv) low toxicity and increased bioavailability. Using membrane proteins extracted from human monocyte cell line THP-1 cells and a mixture of phospholipids, we formulated two types of PSF-extract-loaded biomimetic vesicles differing from each other for the presence of either 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) or 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol) (DOPG). The biological activity of free extract (PSF), compared to both types of extract-loaded vesicles (PSF-DOPCs and PSF-DOPGs) and empty vesicles (DOPCs and DOPGs), was evaluated in vitro on HUVEC cells. PSF-DOPCs showed preferential incorporation of the extract. When enriched into the nanovesicles, the extract showed a significantly increased anti-inflammatory activity, and a pronounced wound-healing effect (with PSF-DOPCs more efficient than PSF-DOPG) compared to free PSF. This innovative drug delivery system, combining nutraceutical active ingredients into a biomimetic formulation, represents a possible adjuvant therapy for the treatment of wound healing. This nanoplatform could be useful for the encapsulation/enrichment of other nutraceutical products with short stability and low bioavailability.
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Caruso F, Singh M, Belli S, Berinato M, Rossi M. Interrelated Mechanism by Which the Methide Quinone Celastrol, Obtained from the Roots of Tripterygium wilfordii, Inhibits Main Protease 3CL pro of COVID-19 and Acts as Superoxide Radical Scavenger. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239266. [PMID: 33291769 PMCID: PMC7731079 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the potential anti coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) action of the methide quinone inhibitor, celastrol. The related methide quinone dexamethasone is, so far, among COVID-19 medications perhaps the most effective drug for patients with severe symptoms. We observe a parallel redox biology behavior between the antioxidant action of celastrol when scavenging the superoxide radical, and the adduct formation of celastrol with the main COVID-19 protease. The related molecular mechanism is envisioned using molecular mechanics and dynamics calculations. It proposes a covalent bond between the S(Cys145) amino acid thiolate and the celastrol A ring, assisted by proton transfers by His164 and His41 amino acids, and a π interaction from Met49 to the celastrol B ring. Specifically, celastrol possesses two moieties that are able to independently scavenge the superoxide radical: the carboxylic framework located at ring E, and the methide-quinone ring A. The latter captures the superoxide electron, releasing molecular oxygen, and is the feature of interest that correlates with the mechanism of COVID-19 inhibition. This unusual scavenging of the superoxide radical is described using density functional theory (DFT) methods, and is supported experimentally by cyclic voltammetry and X-ray diffraction.
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Zhang J, Li X, Huang L. Anticancer activities of phytoconstituents and their liposomal targeting strategies against tumor cells and the microenvironment. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 154-155:245-273. [PMID: 32473991 PMCID: PMC7704676 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Various bioactive ingredients have been extracted from Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) that affect tumor progression and metastasis. To further understand the mechanisms of CHMs in cancer therapy, this article summarizes the effects of five categories of CHMs and their active ingredients on tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment. Despite their treatment potential, the undesirable physicochemical properties (poor permeability, instability, high hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity, toxicity) and unwanted pharmacokinetic profiles (short half-life in blood and low bioavailability) restrict clinical studies of CHMs. Therefore, development of liposomes through relevant surface modifying techniques to achieve targeted CHM delivery for cancer cells, i.e., extracellular and intracellular targets and targets in tumor microenvironment or vasculature, have been reviewed. Current challenges of liposomal targeting of these phytoconstituents and future perspective of CHM applications are discussed to provide an informative reference for interested readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi, China
| | - Leaf Huang
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
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Tian M, Ticer T, Wang Q, Walker S, Pham A, Suh A, Busatto S, Davidovich I, Al-Kharboosh R, Lewis-Tuffin L, Ji B, Quinones-Hinojosa A, Talmon Y, Shapiro S, Rückert F, Wolfram J. Adipose-Derived Biogenic Nanoparticles for Suppression of Inflammation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1904064. [PMID: 32067382 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201904064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles secreted from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) have therapeutic effects in inflammatory diseases. However, production of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from ADSCs is costly, inefficient, and time consuming. The anti-inflammatory properties of adipose tissue-derived EVs and other biogenic nanoparticles have not been explored. In this study, biogenic nanoparticles are obtained directly from lipoaspirate, an easily accessible and abundant source of biological material. Compared to ADSC-EVs, lipoaspirate nanoparticles (Lipo-NPs) take less time to process (hours compared to months) and cost less to produce (clinical-grade cell culture facilities are not required). The physicochemical characteristics and anti-inflammatory properties of Lipo-NPs are evaluated and compared to those of patient-matched ADSC-EVs. Moreover, guanabenz loading in Lipo-NPs is evaluated for enhanced anti-inflammatory effects. Apolipoprotein E and glycerolipids are enriched in Lipo-NPs compared to ADSC-EVs. Additionally, the uptake of Lipo-NPs in hepatocytes and macrophages is higher. Lipo-NPs and ADSC-EVs have comparable protective and anti-inflammatory effects. Specifically, Lipo-NPs reduce toll-like receptor 4-induced secretion of inflammatory cytokines in macrophages. Guanabenz-loaded Lipo-NPs further suppress inflammatory pathways, suggesting that this combination therapy can have promising applications for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Tian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Lab, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, 68167, Germany
| | - Taylor Ticer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Qikun Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Lab, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, 68167, Germany
| | - Sierra Walker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Anthony Pham
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Annie Suh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Sara Busatto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Irina Davidovich
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute (RBNI), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Rawan Al-Kharboosh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | | | - Baoan Ji
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | | | - Yeshayahu Talmon
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute (RBNI), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Shane Shapiro
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Felix Rückert
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Lab, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, 68167, Germany
| | - Joy Wolfram
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
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Liposome Delivery of Natural STAT3 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Cancer. PHARMACEUTICAL FRONTIERS 2019; 1. [PMID: 31886474 DOI: 10.20900/pf20190007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In the tumor microenvironment, cytokines, growth factors, and oncogenes mediate constitutive activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway in both cancer cells and infiltrating immune cells. STAT3 activation in cancer cells drives tumorigenic changes that allow for increased survival, proliferation, and resistance to apoptosis. The modulation of immune cells is more complicated and conflicting. STAT3 signaling drives the myeloid cell phenotype towards an immune suppressive state, which mediates T cell inhibition. On the other hand, STAT3 signaling in T cells leads to proliferation and T cell activity required for an anti-tumor response. Targeted delivery of STAT3 inhibitors to cancer cells and myeloid cells could therefore improve therapeutic outcomes. Many compounds that inhibit the STAT3 pathways for cancer treatment include peptide drugs, small molecule inhibitors, and natural compounds. However, natural compounds that inhibit STAT3 are often hydrophobic, which reduces their bioavailability and leads to unfavorable pharmacokinetics. This review focuses specifically on liposome-encapsulated natural STAT3 inhibitors and their ability to target cancer cells and myeloid cells to reduce tumor growth and decrease STAT3-mediated immune suppression. Many of these liposome formulations have led to profound tumor reduction and examples of combination formulations have been shown to eliminate tumors through immune modulation.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Celastrol, a major active constituent of Tripterygium wilfordii, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. However, whether celastrol can exert protective effect on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) is unknown. The aim of this study was to test the protective effect of celastrol on MIRI and elucidate its underlying mechanism. METHODS Cardiomyocytes (H9c2 cells) were subjected to hypoxia for 8 h followed by reoxygenation for 4 h to create hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model, an in vitro MIRI model. Celastrol was added to the medium 60 min before the H/R process . Cell viability was detected using MTT assay. Myocardial injury was evaluated by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) activity. Changes in mRNA and protein expression of TNF-α, IL-1ß, and nuclear factor-K B (NF-K B) were measured with RT-qPCR assay and western blot analysis. RESULTS Results showed that low-dose celastrol (20 and 50 nM) treatment significantly increased cell viability and decreased LDH and CK-MB activity in the condition of H/R, but high-dose celastrol (200 and 400 nM) resulted in extra injury to cardiomyocytes. Moreover, treatment with 50 nM celastrol significantly downregulated mRNA and protein expression of TNF-α and IL-1ß. Meanwhile, NF-K B mRNA and protein in the nucleus were also correspondingly reduced. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that low-dose celastrol could prevent MIRI in cardiomyocytes by inhibiting the activation of NF-K B, and celastrol may be a potential therapeutic agent for preventing MIRI.
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Abstract
Most clinically approved drugs (primarily small molecules or antibodies) are rapidly cleared from circulation and distribute throughout the body. As a consequence, only a small portion of the dose accumulates at the target site, leading to low efficacy and adverse side effects. Therefore, new delivery strategies are necessary to increase organ and tissue-specific delivery of therapeutic agents. Nanoparticles provide a promising approach for prolonging the circulation time and improving the biodistribution of drugs. However, nanoparticles display several limitations, such as clearance by the immune systems and impaired diffusion in the tissue microenvironment. To overcome common nanoparticle limitations various functionalization and targeting strategies have been proposed. This review will discuss synthetic nanoparticle and extracellular vesicle delivery strategies that exploit organ-specific features to enhance drug accumulation at the target site.
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Ni H, Han Y, Jin X. Celastrol inhibits colon cancer cell proliferation by downregulating miR-21 and PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β pathway. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2019; 12:808-816. [PMID: 31933888 PMCID: PMC6945181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Celastrol is a traditional Chinese medicine, that is derived from Tripterygium wilfordii. It has been proposed to offer anti-tumor potential. MicroRNAs also play important roles in tumorigenesis. However, the anti-tumor mechanism of Celastrol and whether miRNAs are involved in the process are still unknown. In the present study, MTT assay was used to test the IC50 of Celastrol and cell viability. PCNA, PI3K, Akt, GSK3β, phosphorylated Akt and GSK3β were measured by western blotting. Flow cytometry was introduced to detect the apoptosis. We found Celastrol inhibited colon cancer cell viability in a dose-dependent manner companied with PCNA downregulation. Apoptosis was induced by Celastrol. After Celastrol treatment, BCL-2 expression decreased while BAX increased and the Caspase-3 activity was induced. Simultaneously, miR-21 expression was reduced in Celastrol-treated colon cancer cells. miR-21 mimic overexpression could enhance the cell viability, inhibit the apoptosis, decrease BCL-2 expression, increase BAX and induce Caspase-3 activity to some extent which were reversed by Celastrol. In addition, the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β pathway was activated by miR-21 mimic but partially arrested by extra-adding Celastrol. Thus, Celastrol may inhibit colon cancer cell proliferation by negatively regulating miR-21 and the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoliang Ni
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Jinhua Hospital of Zhejiang University (Jinhua Central Hospital) 351 Mingyue Street, Wucheng District, Jinhua 321000, China
| | - Yuejun Han
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Jinhua Hospital of Zhejiang University (Jinhua Central Hospital) 351 Mingyue Street, Wucheng District, Jinhua 321000, China
| | - Xihan Jin
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Jinhua Hospital of Zhejiang University (Jinhua Central Hospital) 351 Mingyue Street, Wucheng District, Jinhua 321000, China
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AbdElhamid AS, Zayed DG, Helmy MW, Ebrahim SM, Bahey-El-Din M, Zein-El-Dein EA, El-Gizawy SA, Elzoghby AO. Lactoferrin-tagged quantum dots-based theranostic nanocapsules for combined COX-2 inhibitor/herbal therapy of breast cancer. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:2637-2656. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Herein, tumor-targeted quantum dots (QDs)-based theranostic nanocapsules (NCs) coloaded with celecoxib and honokiol were developed. Materials & methodology: The anionic CD44-targeting chondroitin sulfate and cationic low density lipoprotein (LDL)-targeting lactoferrin (LF) were sequentially assembled onto the surface of the positively charged oily core. As an imaging probe, highly fluorescent mercaptopropionic acid-capped cadmium telluride QDs were coupled to LF. Results: In vitro, fluorescence of QDs was quenched (OFF state) due to combined electron/energy transfer-mediated processes involving LF. After intracellular uptake of NCs, fluorescence was restored (ON state), thus enabled tracing their internalization. The NCs demonstrated enhanced cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells as well as superior in vivo antitumor efficacy. Conclusion: We propose these multifunctional nanotheranostics for imaging and targeted therapy of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S AbdElhamid
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Dina G Zayed
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maged W Helmy
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, El Bahira, Egypt
| | - Shaker M Ebrahim
- Department of Materials Science, Institute of Graduate Studies & Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Bahey-El-Din
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Esmat A Zein-El-Dein
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Sanaa A El-Gizawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ahmed O Elzoghby
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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32
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Alfei S, Catena S, Ponassi M, Rosano C, Zoppi V, Spallarossa A. Hydrophilic and amphiphilic water-soluble dendrimer prodrugs suitable for parenteral administration of a non-soluble non-nucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor thiocarbamate derivative. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 124:153-164. [PMID: 30170211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Drugs delivered by proper carriers enter into the cells much more rapidly and carry out their action much more promptly than in the free forms. A high drug concentration can be sustained for longer periods of time at the target site in the cell. In in vivo conditions, this would translate into a reduction of systemic toxicity, dosage and frequency of dosing. Dendritic polymers significantly affect drug delivery in terms of reaching the target site, modifying the bio-distribution of the drug, and enhancing the efficacy of different drugs including anticancer compounds. 2-({[2-({[(2-tolyl)amino]carbonothioyl}oxy)ethyl]amino}carbo-nyl)benzoic acid 1 is a thiocarbamate derivative belonging to an already reported class of non-nucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors. In in vitro assay it showed no cytotoxic effects but was endowed with very low solubility and poor activity against wild-type HIV-1 (EC50 = 27 μM). With the aim at improving its water solubility, 1 has been successfully incorporated inside non-toxic amino acids-modified core-shell hetero dendrimers. IR, NMR, zeta potential, mean size of particles, buffer capacity and in vitro release profile of prepared materials were reported. All dendriplexes were evaluated in cell-based assays to assess their cytotoxic profile. The obtained complexes, which harmonize a peripheral polycationic character and a buffer capacity which presuppose efficient cells penetration and increased residence time with a not PAMAM structured biodegradable scaffold, were well water-soluble and could rationally appear as a promising set of prodrugs for safe in vivo administrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Alfei
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, I-16148 Genova, Italy.
| | - Silvia Catena
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, I-16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Marco Ponassi
- IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi 10, I-16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Camillo Rosano
- IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi 10, I-16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Vittoria Zoppi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, I-16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Spallarossa
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, I-16148 Genova, Italy
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Kashyap D, Sharma A, Tuli HS, Sak K, Mukherjee T, Bishayee A. Molecular targets of celastrol in cancer: Recent trends and advancements. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 128:70-81. [PMID: 29958633 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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AbdElhamid AS, Helmy MW, Ebrahim SM, Bahey-El-Din M, Zayed DG, Zein El Dein EA, El-Gizawy SA, Elzoghby AO. Layer-by-layer gelatin/chondroitin quantum dots-based nanotheranostics: combined rapamycin/celecoxib delivery and cancer imaging. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:1707-1730. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Nanotheranostics consisting of highly-fluorescent quantum dots coupled with gelatin/chondroitin layer-by-layer assembled nanocapsules were developed. Materials & methods: The hydrophobic drugs celecoxib (CXB) and rapamycin (RAP) were co-loaded into the oily core of nanocapsules (NCs) to enable synergistic growth inhibition of breast cancer cells. To overcome the nonspecific binding of actively targeted CS-NCs with normal cells, a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2)-degradable cationic gelatin layer was electrostatically deposited onto the surface of the negatively-charged CS-NCs. Results: The prepared nanocarriers displayed strong fluorescence which enabled tracing their internalization into cancer cells. An enhanced cytotoxicity of the NCs against breast cancer cells was demonstrated. In vivo, the nanoplatforms displayed superior antitumor efficacy as well as nonimmunogenic response. Conclusion: Therefore, these multifunctional nanoplatforms could be used as potential cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S AbdElhamid
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Maged W Helmy
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, El Bahira, Egypt
| | - Shaker M Ebrahim
- Department of Materials Science, Institute of Graduate Studies & Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Bahey-El-Din
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Dina G Zayed
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Esmat A Zein El Dein
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Sanaa A El-Gizawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ahmed O Elzoghby
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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35
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Chen SR, Dai Y, Zhao J, Lin L, Wang Y, Wang Y. A Mechanistic Overview of Triptolide and Celastrol, Natural Products from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:104. [PMID: 29491837 PMCID: PMC5817256 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Triptolide and celastrol are predominantly active natural products isolated from the medicinal plant Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. These compounds exhibit similar pharmacological activities, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, anti-obesity, and anti-diabetic activities. Triptolide and celastrol also provide neuroprotection and prevent cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. However, toxicity restricts the further development of triptolide and celastrol. In this review, we comprehensively review therapeutic targets and mechanisms of action, and translational study of triptolide and celastrol. We systemically discuss the structure-activity-relationship of triptolide, celastrol, and their derivatives. Furthermore, we propose the use of structural derivatives, targeted therapy, and combination treatment as possible solutions to reduce toxicity and increase therapeutic window of these potent natural products from T. wilfordii Hook F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Ru Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Ligen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
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36
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Wolfram J, Nizzero S, Liu H, Li F, Zhang G, Li Z, Shen H, Blanco E, Ferrari M. A chloroquine-induced macrophage-preconditioning strategy for improved nanodelivery. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13738. [PMID: 29062065 PMCID: PMC5653759 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14221-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Site-specific localization is critical for improving the therapeutic efficacy and safety of drugs. Nanoparticles have emerged as promising tools for localized drug delivery. However, over 90% of systemically injected nanocarriers typically accumulate in the liver and spleen due to resident macrophages that form the mononuclear phagocyte system. In this study, the clinically approved antimalarial agent chloroquine was shown to reduce nanoparticle uptake in macrophages by suppressing endocytosis. Pretreatment of mice with a clinically relevant dose of chloroquine substantially decreased the accumulation of liposomes and silicon particles in the mononuclear phagocyte system and improved tumoritropic and organotropic delivery. The novel use of chloroquine as a macrophage-preconditioning agent presents a straightforward approach for addressing a major barrier in nanomedicine. Moreover, this priming strategy has broad applicability for improving the biodistribution and performance of particulate delivery systems. Ultimately, this study defines a paradigm for the combined use of macrophage-modulating agents with nanotherapeutics for improved site-specific delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Wolfram
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
| | - Sara Nizzero
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Applied Physics Graduate Program, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Haoran Liu
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Guodong Zhang
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Haifa Shen
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Elvin Blanco
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mauro Ferrari
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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37
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Samuelsson E, Shen H, Blanco E, Ferrari M, Wolfram J. Contribution of Kupffer cells to liposome accumulation in the liver. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 158:356-362. [PMID: 28719856 PMCID: PMC5645238 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The liver is a major barrier for site-specific delivery of systemically injected nanoparticles, as up to 90% of the dose is usually captured by this organ. Kupffer cells are thought to be the main cellular component responsible for nanoparticle accumulation in the liver. These resident macrophages form part of the mononuclear phagocyte system, which recognizes and engulfs foreign bodies in the circulatory system. In this study, we have compared two strategies for reducing nanoparticle accumulation in the liver, in order to investigate the specific contribution of Kupffer cells. Specifically, we have performed a comparison of the capability of pegylation and Kupffer cell depletion to reduce liposome accumulation in the liver. Pegylation reduces nanoparticle interactions with all types of cells and can serve as a control for elucidating the role of specific cell populations in liver accumulation. The results indicate that liposome pegylation is a more effective strategy for avoiding liver uptake compared to depletion of Kupffer cells, suggesting that nanoparticle interactions with other cells in the liver may also play a contributing role. This study highlights the need for a more complete understanding of factors that mediate nanoparticle accumulation in the liver and for the exploration of microenvironmental modulation strategies for reducing nanoparticle-cell interactions in this organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Samuelsson
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Haifa Shen
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Elvin Blanco
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mauro Ferrari
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Joy Wolfram
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
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38
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Cascão R, Fonseca JE, Moita LF. Celastrol: A Spectrum of Treatment Opportunities in Chronic Diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:69. [PMID: 28664158 PMCID: PMC5471334 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of new bioactive compounds derived from medicinal plants with significant therapeutic properties has attracted considerable interest in recent years. Such is the case of the Tripterygium wilfordii (TW), an herb used in Chinese medicine. Clinical trials performed so far using its root extracts have shown impressive therapeutic properties but also revealed substantial gastrointestinal side effects. The most promising bioactive compound obtained from TW is celastrol. During the last decade, an increasing number of studies were published highlighting the medicinal usefulness of celastrol in diverse clinical areas. Here we systematically review the mechanism of action and the therapeutic properties of celastrol in inflammatory diseases, namely, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory bowel diseases, osteoarthritis and allergy, as well as in cancer, neurodegenerative disorders and other diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, and hearing loss. We will also focus in the toxicological profile and limitations of celastrol formulation, namely, solubility, bioavailability, and dosage issues that still limit its further clinical application and usefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Cascão
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João E Fonseca
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Rheumatology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, EPE, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luis F Moita
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
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39
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Grande R, Celia C, Mincione G, Stringaro A, Di Marzio L, Colone M, Di Marcantonio MC, Savino L, Puca V, Santoliquido R, Locatelli M, Muraro R, Hall-Stoodley L, Stoodley P. Detection and Physicochemical Characterization of Membrane Vesicles (MVs) of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1040. [PMID: 28659878 PMCID: PMC5468427 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane vesicles (MVs) are bilayer structures which bleb from bacteria, and are important in trafficking biomolecules to other bacteria or host cells. There are few data about MVs produced by the Gram-positive commensal-derived probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri; however, MVs from this species may have potential therapeutic benefit. The aim of this study was to detect and characterize MVs produced from biofilm (bMVs), and planktonic (pMVs) phenotypes of L. reuteri DSM 17938. MVs were analyzed for structure and physicochemical characterization by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). Their composition was interrogated using various digestive enzyme treatments and subsequent Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis. eDNA (extracellular DNA) was detected and quantified using PicoGreen. We found that planktonic and biofilm of L. reuteri cultures generated MVs with a broad size distribution. Our data also showed that eDNA was associated with pMVs and bMVs (eMVsDNA). DNase I treatment demonstrated no modifications of MVs, suggesting that an eDNA-MVs complex protected the eMVsDNA. Proteinase K and Phospholipase C treatments modified the structure of MVs, showing that lipids and proteins are important structural components of L. reuteri MVs. The biological composition and the physicochemical characterization of MVs generated by the probiotic L. reuteri may represent a starting point for future applications in the development of vesicles-based therapeutic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Grande
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-PescaraChieti, Italy.,Center of Aging Sciences and Translational MedicineChieti, Italy
| | - Christian Celia
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-PescaraChieti, Italy.,Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, HoustonTX, United States
| | - Gabriella Mincione
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-PescaraChieti, Italy
| | - Annarita Stringaro
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Italian National Institute of HealthRome, Italy
| | - Luisa Di Marzio
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-PescaraChieti, Italy
| | - Marisa Colone
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Italian National Institute of HealthRome, Italy
| | - Maria C Di Marcantonio
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-PescaraChieti, Italy
| | - Luca Savino
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-PescaraChieti, Italy
| | - Valentina Puca
- Center of Aging Sciences and Translational MedicineChieti, Italy.,Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'AquilaL'Aquila, Italy
| | - Roberto Santoliquido
- AlfatestLabCinisello Balsamo, Italy.,Malvern Instruments Ltd.Worcestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Marcello Locatelli
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-PescaraChieti, Italy
| | - Raffaella Muraro
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-PescaraChieti, Italy
| | - Luanne Hall-Stoodley
- NIHR Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthampton, United Kingdom.,Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Centre for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University, ColumbusOH, United States
| | - Paul Stoodley
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Centre for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University, ColumbusOH, United States.,National Center for Advanced Tribology, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of SouthamptonSouthampton, United Kingdom
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40
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Wolfram J, Scott B, Boom K, Shen J, Borsoi C, Suri K, Grande R, Fresta M, Celia C, Zhao Y, Shen H, Ferrari M. Hesperetin Liposomes for Cancer Therapy. Curr Drug Deliv 2017; 13:711-9. [PMID: 26502889 DOI: 10.2174/1567201812666151027142412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hesperetin is a compound from citrus fruit that has previously been found to exert anticancer activity through a variety of mechanisms. However, the application of hesperetin to cancer therapy has been hampered by its hydrophobicity, necessitating the use of toxic solubilizing agents. Here, we have developed the first liposome-based delivery system for hesperetin. Liposomes were fabricated using the thin-layer evaporation technique and physical and pharmacological parameters were measured. The liposomes remained stable for prolonged periods of time in serum and under storage conditions, and displayed anticancer efficacy in both H441 lung cancer cells and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Furthermore, the anticancer activity was not impaired in cells expressing the multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR-1). In conclusion, the encapsulation of hesperetin in liposomes does not interfere with therapeutic efficacy and provides a biocompatible alternative to toxic solubilizing agents, thereby enabling future clinical use of this compound for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mauro Ferrari
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, R8460-9, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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41
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Hernandes C, Pereira AMS, Severino P. Compounds From Celastraceae Targeting Cancer Pathways and Their Potential Application in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Review. Curr Genomics 2016; 18:60-74. [PMID: 28503090 PMCID: PMC5321769 DOI: 10.2174/1389202917666160803160934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck is one of the most common cancer types worldwide. It initiates on the epithelial lining of the upper aerodigestive tract, at most instances as a consequence of tobacco and alcohol consumption. Treatment options based on conventional therapies or targeted therapies under development have limited efficacy due to multiple genetic alterations typically found in this cancer type. Natural products derived from plants often possess biological activities that may be valuable in the development of new therapeutic agents for cancer treatment. Several genera from the family Celastraceae have been studied in this context. This review reports studies on chemical constituents isolated from species from the Celastraceae family targeting cancer mechanisms studied to date. These results are then correlated with molecular characteristics of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in an attempt to identify constituents with potential application in the treatment of this complex disease at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Hernandes
- aAlbert Einstein Research and Education Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil; bDepartment of Biotechnology, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Soares Pereira
- aAlbert Einstein Research and Education Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil; bDepartment of Biotechnology, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Patricia Severino
- aAlbert Einstein Research and Education Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil; bDepartment of Biotechnology, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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42
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He Y, Wu M, Liu Y, Li Q, Li X, Hu L, Cen S, Zhou J. Identification of Triptophenolide from Tripterygium wilfordii as a Pan-antagonist of Androgen Receptor. ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:1024-1027. [PMID: 27994731 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A compound, triptophenolide, derived from Tripterygium wilfordii was identified as an antiandrogen. Triptophenolide inhibits the activity of both wild-type and F876L mutant androgen receptors. Triptophenolide exhibits its antiandrogenic activity through competitive binding with androgen in the hormone-binding pocket, decreasing the expression of androgen receptor, and reducing the nuclear translocation of androgen receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang He
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Wu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yangguang Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Quanjie Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Laixing Hu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Cen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jinming Zhou
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
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43
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Zhang H, Li J, Li G, Wang S. Effects of celastrol on enhancing apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells via the downregulation of microRNA‑21 and the suppression of the PI3K/Akt‑NF‑κB signaling pathway in an in vitro model of ovarian carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:5363-5368. [PMID: 27840916 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Celastrol has previously been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, bruises, back pain and additional diseases. At present, efficacy studies predominantly focus on the anti‑inflammatory, antioxidative and antitumor effects of celastrol. However, the effect of celastrol on ovarian cancer cells is not fully elucidated. In the present study, the effects of celastrol were investigated in ovarian cancer cells and the mechanisms involved were explored. In OVCAR3 cells, celastrol was observed to suppress cellular proliferation, induce apoptosis and increase caspase‑9 and ‑3 activity in a dose‑ and time‑dependent manner. The expression levels of microRNA‑21 (miRNA‑21) were reduced, in addition to a reduction in the levels of phosphoinositide 3‑kinase (PI3K)/p‑Akt‑NF (NF)‑κB following treatment with celastrol. Notably, reduced expression of miRNA‑21 replicated the effect of celastrol on OVCAR3 cells and inhibited the PI3K/p‑Akt‑NF‑κB signaling pathway in an in vitro model of ovarian carcinoma. To the best of our knowledge this is the first study to indicate that celastrol may represent a potential agent for the treatment of human ovarian carcinoma, via the induction of apoptosis through the downregulation of miRNA‑21 and the PI3K/Akt‑NF‑κB signaling pathway in an in vitro model of ovarian carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhang
- Gynaecology Ward‑1, Department of Gynaecology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276003, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Department of Gynaecology Lab, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276003, P.R. China
| | - Guang Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276003, P.R. China
| | - Surong Wang
- Gynaecology Ward‑3, Department of Gynaecology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276003, P.R. China
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44
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Huang F, Zhao F, Liang LP, Zhou M, Qu ZL, Cao YZ, Lin C. Optomizing Transfection Efficiency of Cervical Cancer Cells Transfected by Cationic Liposomes LipofectamineTM2000. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:7749-54. [PMID: 26625792 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.17.7749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, cationic liposome has become the commonly used vehicles for gene transfection. Furthermore, one of the most significant steps in microRNAs expression studies is transferring microRNAs into cell cultures successfully. In this study we aim to approach the feasibility of transfection of cervical cancer cell lines mediated by liposome and to obtain the optimized transfection condition for cervical cancer cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lipofectamine(TM)2000 as the carrier, miR-101 mimic was transfected into Hela cells and Siha cells. Using green fluorescent protein as reporter gene, to set different groups according to cell seeding density, the amount of miRNA , miRNA and the proportion of Liposomes, Whether to add serum into medium to study their impact on the liposomal transfection efficiency. Finally, MTT assay was used to analyze the relative minimal cell toxicity of liposome reagents. RESULTS The seeding density of Hela cell line and Siha are 1.5 x 10(4) (per well of 24 well plates), miRNA amount is 1ul of both, the ratio of miRNA and liposome is 1:0.5 of Hela cell line; 1:0.7 of Siha cell line respectively, after 24 hours we can get the highest transfection efficiency. Compared with serum medium, only Siha cells cultured with serum-free medium obtained higher transfection efficiency before transfection (P<0.01).MTT assay showed that according to the above conditions which has the lowest cytotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS The method of Liposome to transfected is a suitable way and it can be an efficient reagent for miRNA delivery for Hela cells and Siha cells in vitro. It may serve as a reference for the further research or application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Huang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital Of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China E-mail :
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45
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Freag MS, Elnaggar YS, Abdelmonsif DA, Abdallah OY. Stealth, biocompatible monoolein-based lyotropic liquid crystalline nanoparticles for enhanced aloe-emodin delivery to breast cancer cells: in vitro and in vivo studies. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:4799-4818. [PMID: 27703348 PMCID: PMC5036603 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s111736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, research has progressively highlighted on clues from conventional use of herbal medicines to introduce new anticancer drugs. Aloe-emodin (AE) is a herbal drug with promising anticancer activity. Nevertheless, its clinical utility is handicapped by its low solubility. For the first time, this study aims to the fabrication of surface-functionalized polyethylene glycol liquid crystalline nanoparticles (PEG-LCNPs) of AE to enhance its water solubility and enable its anticancer use. Developed AE-PEG-LCNPs were optimized via particle size and zeta potential measurements. Phase behavior, solid state characteristics, hemocompatibility, and serum stability of LCNPs were assessed. Sterile formulations were developed using various sterilization technologies. Furthermore, the potential of the formulations was investigated using cell culture, pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and toxicity studies. AE-PEG-LCNPs showed particle size of 190 nm and zeta potential of −49.9, and PEGylation approach reduced the monoolein hemolytic tendency to 3% and increased the serum stability of the nanoparticles. Sterilization of liquid and lyophilized AE-PEG-LCNPs via autoclaving and γ-radiations, respectively, insignificantly affected the physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles. Half maximal inhibitory concentration of AE-PEG-LCNPs was 3.6-fold lower than free AE after 48 hours and their cellular uptake was threefold higher than free AE after 24-hour incubation. AE-PEG-LCNPs presented 5.4-fold increase in t1/2 compared with free AE. Biodistribution and toxicity studies showed reduced AE-PEG-LCNP uptake by reticuloendothelial system organs and good safety profile. PEGylated LCNPs could serve as a promising nanocarrier for efficient delivery of AE to cancerous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- May S Freag
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University
| | - Yosra Sr Elnaggar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Pharos University in Alexandria
| | - Doaa A Abdelmonsif
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ossama Y Abdallah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University
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Corbo C, Parodi A, Evangelopoulos M, Engler DA, Matsunami RK, Engler AC, Molinaro R, Scaria S, Salvatore F, Tasciotti E. Proteomic Profiling of a Biomimetic Drug Delivery Platform. Curr Drug Targets 2016; 16:1540-7. [PMID: 25382209 DOI: 10.2174/1389450115666141109211413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Current delivery platforms are typically designed for prolonged circulation that favors superior accumulation of the payload in the targeted tissue. The design of efficient surface modifications determines both a longer circulation time and targeting abilities of particles. The optimization of synthesis protocols to efficiently combine targeting molecules and elements that allow for an increased circulation time can be challenging and almost impossible when several functional elements are needed. On the other hand, in the last decade, the development of bioinspired technologies was proposed as a new approach with which to increase particle safety, biocompatibility and targeting, while maintaining the synthesis protocols simple and reproducible. Recently, we developed a new drug delivery system inspired by the biology of immune cells called leukolike vector (LLV) and formed by a nanoporous silicon core and a shell derived from the leucocyte cell membrane. The goal of this study is to investigate the protein content of the LLV. Here we report the proteomic profiling of the LLV and demonstrate that our approach can be used to modify the surface of synthetic particles with more than 150 leukocyte membrane associated proteins that determine particle safety, circulation time and targeting abilities towards inflamed endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ennio Tasciotti
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston Texas 77030, USA.
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Scott B, Shen J, Nizzero S, Boom K, Persano S, Mi Y, Liu X, Zhao Y, Blanco E, Shen H, Ferrari M, Wolfram J. A pyruvate decarboxylase-mediated therapeutic strategy for mimicking yeast metabolism in cancer cells. Pharmacol Res 2016; 111:413-421. [PMID: 27394167 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells have high rates of glycolysis and lactic acid fermentation in order to fuel accelerated rates of cell division (Warburg effect). Here, we present a strategy for merging cancer and yeast metabolism to remove pyruvate, a key intermediate of cancer cell metabolism, and produce the toxic compound acetaldehyde. This approach was achieved by administering the yeast enzyme pyruvate decarboxylase to triple negative breast cancer cells. To overcome the challenges of protein delivery, a nanoparticle-based system consisting of cationic lipids and porous silicon were employed to obtain efficient intracellular uptake. The results demonstrate that the enzyme therapy decreases cancer cell viability through production of acetaldehyde and reduction of lactic acid fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwyn Scott
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jianliang Shen
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sara Nizzero
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Applied Physics Graduate Program, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Kathryn Boom
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Stefano Persano
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yu Mi
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xuewu Liu
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience & Technology of China, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Elvin Blanco
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Haifa Shen
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mauro Ferrari
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Joy Wolfram
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience & Technology of China, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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48
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49
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Divya T, Dineshbabu V, Soumyakrishnan S, Sureshkumar A, Sudhandiran G. Celastrol enhances Nrf2 mediated antioxidant enzymes and exhibits anti-fibrotic effect through regulation of collagen production against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 246:52-62. [PMID: 26768587 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix components in the alveolar region which distorts the normal lung architecture and impairs the respiratory function. The aim of this study is to evaluate the anti-fibrotic effect of celastrol, a quinine-methide tri-terpenoid mainly found in Thunder God Vine root extracts against bleomycin (BLM)-induced PF through the enhancement of antioxidant defense system. A single intratracheal instillation of BLM (3 U/kg.bw) was administered in rats to induce PF. Celastrol (5 mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally, twice a week for a period of 28 days. BLM-induced rats exhibits declined activities of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants which were restored upon treatment with celastrol. BLM-induced rats show increased total and differential cell counts as compared to control and celastrol treated rats. Histopathological analysis shows increased inflammation and alveolar damage; while assay of hydroxyproline and Masson's trichrome staining shows an increased collagen deposition in BLM-challenged rats that were decreased upon celastrol treatment. Celastrol also reduces inflammation in BLM-induced rats as evidenced by decrease in the expressions of mast cells, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2 and 9. Further, Western blot analysis shows that celastrol is a potent inducer of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and it restores the activities of Phase II enzymes such as hemoxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutathione-S-transferase (GSTs) and NADP(H): quinine oxidoreductase (NQO1) which were declined upon BLM administration. The results of this study show evidence on the protective effect of celastrol against BLM-induced PF through its antioxidant and anti-fibrotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Divya
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - Vadivel Dineshbabu
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - Syamala Soumyakrishnan
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | | | - Ganapasam Sudhandiran
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India.
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50
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Grande R, Di Marcantonio MC, Robuffo I, Pompilio A, Celia C, Di Marzio L, Paolino D, Codagnone M, Muraro R, Stoodley P, Hall-Stoodley L, Mincione G. Helicobacter pylori ATCC 43629/NCTC 11639 Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) from Biofilm and Planktonic Phase Associated with Extracellular DNA (eDNA). Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1369. [PMID: 26733944 PMCID: PMC4679919 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori persistence is associated with its capacity to develop biofilms as a response to changing environmental conditions and stress. Extracellular DNA (eDNA) is a component of H. pylori biofilm matrix but the lack of DNase I activity supports the hypothesis that eDNA might be protected by other extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and/or Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs), which bleb from the bacteria surface during growth. The aim of the present study was to both identify the eDNA presence on OMVs segregated from H. pylori ATCC 43629/NCTC 11639 biofilm (bOMVs) and its planktonic phase (pOMVs) and to characterize the physical-chemical properties of the OMVs. The presence of eDNA in bOMVs and pOMVs was initially carried out using DNase I-gold complex labeling and Transmission Electron Microscope analysis (TEM). bOMVs and pOMVs were further isolated and physical-chemical characterization carried out using dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis. eDNA associated with OMVs was detected and quantified using a PicoGreen spectrophotometer assay, while its extraction was performed with a DNA Kit. TEM images showed that eDNA was mainly associated with the OMV membrane surfaces; while PicoGreen staining showed a four-fold increase of dsDNA in bOMVs compared with pOMVs. The eDNA extracted from OMVs was visualized using gel electrophoresis. DLS analysis indicated that both planktonic and biofilm H. pylori phenotypes generated vesicles, with a broad distribution of sizes on the nanometer scale. The DLS aggregation assay suggested that eDNA may play a role in the aggregation of OMVs, in the biofilm phenotype. Moreover, the eDNA associated with vesicle membrane may impede DNase I activity on H. pylori biofilms. These results suggest that OMVs derived from the H. pylori biofilm phenotype may play a structural role by preventing eDNA degradation by nucleases, providing a bridging function between eDNA strands on OMV surfaces and promoting aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Grande
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-PescaraChieti, Italy; Center of Excellence on Aging, Ce.S.I., "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-PescaraChieti, Italy
| | - Maria C Di Marcantonio
- Center of Excellence on Aging, Ce.S.I., "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-PescaraChieti, Italy; Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-PescaraChieti, Italy
| | - Iole Robuffo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council Chieti, Italy
| | - Arianna Pompilio
- Center of Excellence on Aging, Ce.S.I., "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-PescaraChieti, Italy; Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-PescaraChieti, Italy
| | - Christian Celia
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-PescaraChieti, Italy; Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research InstituteHouston, TX, USA
| | - Luisa Di Marzio
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara Chieti, Italy
| | - Donatella Paolino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia" Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marilina Codagnone
- Center of Excellence on Aging, Ce.S.I., "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-PescaraChieti, Italy; Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-PescaraChieti, Italy
| | - Raffaella Muraro
- Center of Excellence on Aging, Ce.S.I., "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-PescaraChieti, Italy; Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-PescaraChieti, Italy
| | - Paul Stoodley
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OH, USA; Department of Orthopaedics, The Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OH, USA; Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of SouthamptonSouthampton, UK
| | - Luanne Hall-Stoodley
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OH, USA; NIHR Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthampton, UK
| | - Gabriella Mincione
- Center of Excellence on Aging, Ce.S.I., "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-PescaraChieti, Italy; Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-PescaraChieti, Italy
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