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Esposito TVF, Stütz H, Rodríguez-Rodríguez C, Bergamo M, Charles L, Geczy R, Blackadar C, Kutter JP, Saatchi K, Häfeli UO. Preparation of Heat-Denatured Macroaggregated Albumin for Biomedical Applications Using a Microfluidics Platform. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:2823-2834. [PMID: 33826291 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Albumin is widely used in pharmaceutical applications to alter the pharmacokinetic profile, improve efficacy, or decrease the toxicity of active compounds. Various drug delivery systems using albumin have been reported, including microparticles. Macroaggregated albumin (MAA) is one of the more common forms of albumin microparticles, which is predominately used for lung perfusion imaging when labeled with radionuclide technetium-99m (99mTc). These microparticles are formed by heat-denaturing albumin in a bulk solution, making it very challenging to control the size and dispersity of the preparations (coefficient of variation, CV, ∼50%). In this work, we developed an integrated microfluidics platform to create more tunable and precise MAA particles, the so-called microfluidic-MAA (M2A2). The microfluidic chips, prepared using off-stoichiometry thiol-ene chemistry, consist of a flow-focusing region followed by an extended and water-heated curing channel (85 °C). M2A2 particles with diameters between 70 and 300 μm with CVs between 10 and 20% were reliably prepared by adjusting the flow rates of the dispersed and continuous phases. To demonstrate the pharmaceutical utility of M2A2, particles were labeled with indium-111 (111In) and their distribution was assessed in healthy mice using nuclear imaging. 111In-M2A2 behaved similarly to 99mTc-MAA, with lung uptake predominately observed early on followed by clearance over time by the reticuloendothelial and renal systems. Our microfluidic chip represents an elegant and controllable method to prepare albumin microparticles for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tullio V F Esposito
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helene Stütz
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Department of Life Science, IMC University of Applied Sciences, Piaristengasse 1, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Marta Bergamo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Lovelyn Charles
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Reka Geczy
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Colin Blackadar
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jörg P Kutter
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katayoun Saatchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Urs O Häfeli
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Surface-engineered dendrimeric nanoconjugates for macrophage-targeted delivery of amphotericin B: formulation development and in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:2479-87. [PMID: 25645852 DOI: 10.1128/aac.04213-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to develop an optimized dendrimeric delivery system for amphotericin B (AmB). Fifth-generation (5.0 G) poly(propylene imine) (PPI) dendrimers were synthesized, conjugated with mannose, and characterized by use of various analytical techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H-NMR) spectroscopic analysis, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Mannose-conjugated 5.0 G PPI (MPPI) dendrimers were loaded with AmB and evaluated for drug loading efficiency, in vitro drug release profile, stability, hemolytic toxicity to human erythrocytes, cytotoxicity to and cell uptake by J774A.1 macrophage cells, antiparasitic activity against intracellular Leishmania donovani amastigotes, in vivo pharmacokinetic and biodistribution profiles, drug localization index, toxicity, and antileishmanial activity. AFM showed the nanometric size of the MPPI dendrimers, with a nearly globular architecture. The conjugate showed a good entrapment efficiency for AmB, along with pH-sensitive drug release. Highly significant reductions in toxicity toward human erythrocytes and macrophage cells, without compromising the antiparasitic activity of AmB, were observed. The dendrimeric formulation of AmB showed a significant enhancement of the parasiticidal activity of AmB toward intramacrophagic L. donovani amastigotes. In the in vitro cell uptake studies, the formulation showed selectivity toward macrophages, with significant intracellular uptake. Further pharmacokinetic and organ distribution studies elucidated the controlled delivery behavior of the formulation. The drug localization index was found to increase significantly in macrophage-rich organs. In vivo studies showed a biocompatible behavior of MPPIA, with negligible toxicity even at higher doses, and promising antileishmanial activity. From the results, we concluded that surface-engineered dendrimers may serve as optimized delivery vehicles for AmB with enhanced activity and low or negligible toxicity.
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Wu Y, Ihme S, Feuring‐Buske M, Kuan SL, Eisele K, Lamla M, Wang Y, Buske C, Weil T. A core-shell albumin copolymer nanotransporter for high capacity loading and two-step release of doxorubicin with enhanced anti-leukemia activity. Adv Healthc Mater 2013; 2:884-94. [PMID: 23225538 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201200296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The native transportation protein serum albumin represents an attractive nano-sized transporter for drug delivery applications due to its beneficial safety profile. Existing albumin-based drug delivery systems are often limited by their low drug loading capacity as well as noticeable drug leakage into the blood circulation. Therefore, a unique albumin-derived core-shell doxorubicin (DOX) delivery system based on the protein denaturing-backfolding strategy was developed. 28 DOX molecules were covalently conjugated to the albumin polypeptide backbone via an acid sensitive hydrazone linker. Polycationic and pegylated human serum albumin formed two non-toxic and enzymatically degradable protection shells around the encapsulated DOX molecules. This core-shell delivery system possesses notable advantages, including a high drug loading capacity critical for low administration doses, a two-step drug release mechanism based on pH and the presence of proteases, an attractive biocompatibility and narrow size distribution inherited from the albumin backbone, as well as fast cellular uptake and masking of epitopes due to a high degree of pegylation. The IC50 of these nanoscopic onion-type micelles was found in the low nanomolar range for Hela cells as well as leukemia cell lines. In vivo data indicate its attractive potential as anti-leukemia treatment suggesting its promising profile as nanomedicine drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhou Wu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry III, Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Susann Ihme
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, CCCU, Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Michaela Feuring‐Buske
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, CCCU, Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Seah Ling Kuan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry III, Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Klaus Eisele
- Institute of Organic Chemistry III, Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Lamla
- Institute of Organic Chemistry III, Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Yanran Wang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry III, Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian Buske
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, CCCU, Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Tanja Weil
- Institute of Organic Chemistry III, Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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4
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Hemolytic and pharmacokinetic studies of liposomal and particulate amphotericin B formulations. Int J Pharm 2013; 447:38-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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5
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Nair AB, Kaushik A, Attimarad M, Al-Dhubiab BE. Enhanced oral bioavailability of calcium using bovine serum albumin microspheres. Drug Deliv 2012; 19:277-85. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2012.704094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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6
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Pruthi J, Mehra NK, Jain NK. Macrophages targeting of amphotericin B through mannosylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes. J Drug Target 2012; 20:593-604. [PMID: 22690657 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2012.697168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present investigation was to assess the potential of polysaccharide (mannose) conjugated engineered multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) bearing Amphotericin B (AmB) formulation for site-specific delivery to macrophages. The mannosylated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were synthesized and AmB was efficiently loaded using dialysis diffusion method. The synthesized mannosylated MWCNTs were characterized by various physicochemical and physiological parameters such as fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM & TEM), drug loading and entrapment efficiency, in-vitro release kinetics, in-vivo study and toxicological investigation. AmB loaded mannosylated MWCNTs (AmBitubes) was found to be nanometric in size (500 nm) with tubular structure and good entrapment efficiency (75.46 ± 1.40%). In-vitro AmB from AmBitubes was found to be released in a controlled manner at pH 4, 7.4 and 10, with enhanced cell uptake and higher disposition in macrophage-rich organs, thereby indicating the site-specific drug delivery. The results suggest that AmBitubes could be employed as efficient nano-carrier for antileishmanial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitender Pruthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Dr. H. S. Gour University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Jain S, Mathur R, Das M, Swarnakar NK, Mishra AK. Synthesis, pharmacoscintigraphic evaluation and antitumor efficacy of methotrexate-loaded, folate-conjugated, stealth albumin nanoparticles. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2011; 6:1733-54. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.11.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The present study aims to develop a multifunctional nanoformulation based on technetium-99m labeled, folate conjugated, methotrexate-loaded human serum albumin nanoparticles (HSA NPs) and explore their potential in cancer theragnostics. Materials & Methods: Methotrexate-loaded HSA NPs were synthesized by a reverse microemulsion technique, followed by chemical crosslinking with glutaraldehyde. These NPs were conjugated with folic acid (FA) through a hydrophilic polyethylene glycol spacer to render them long-circulatory and augment their tumor-specific localization. The therapeutic conjugate was further radiolabeled with a γ-emitter technetium-99m for real-time monitoring of its blood clearance kinetics and biodistribution through the measurement of blood/organ-associated radioactivity and scintigraphic imaging. Results & Conclusion: In vitro cell-uptake and cytotoxicity studies corroborated that FA conjugation enabled these NPs to specifically target and kill folate-receptor overexpressing cancer cells via S phase arrest. Blood clearance kinetics and biodistribution studies clearly indicated that circulation time, as well as tumor-specific localization of methotrexate-loaded HSA nanocarriers, could be significantly augmented upon polyethylene glycolylation and conjugation of FA. Finally, we demonstrated that these targeted HSA NPs inhibited tumor growth more effectively, as compared with the nontargeted controls. Original submitted: 16/11/2010; Revised submitted: 21/02/2011
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rashi Mathur
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Science (INMAS), Lucknow Road, Timparpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Manasmita Das
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, SAS Nagar (Mohali) Punjab 160062, India
| | - Nitin K Swarnakar
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, SAS Nagar (Mohali) Punjab 160062, India
| | - Anil K Mishra
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Science (INMAS), Lucknow Road, Timparpur, Delhi 110054, India
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8
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Rathore A, Jain A, Gulbake A, Shilpi S, Khare P, Jain A, Jain SK. Mannosylated liposomes bearing Amphotericin B for effective management of visceral Leishmaniasis. J Liposome Res 2011; 21:333-40. [DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2011.575381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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9
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Xu R, Fisher M, Juliano RL. Targeted albumin-based nanoparticles for delivery of amphipathic drugs. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:870-8. [PMID: 21452893 DOI: 10.1021/bc1002295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We report the preparation and physical and biological characterization of human serum albumin-based micelles of approximately 30 nm diameter for the delivery of amphipathic drugs, represented by doxorubicin. The micelles were surface conjugated with cyclic RGD peptides to guide selective delivery to cells expressing the α(v)β(3) integrin. Multiple poly(ethylene glycol)s (PEGs) with molecular weight of 3400 Da were used to form a hydrophilic outer layer, with the inner core formed by albumin conjugated with doxorubicin via disulfide bonds. Additional doxorubicin was physically adsorbed into this core to attain a high drug loading capacity, where each albumin was associated with about 50 doxorubicin molecules. The formed micelles were stable in serum but continuously released doxorubicin when incubated with free thiols at concentrations mimicking the intracellular environment. When incubated with human melanoma cells (M21+) that express the α(v)β(3) integrin, higher uptake and longer retention of doxorubicin was observed with the RGD-targeted micelles than in the case of untargeted control micelles or free doxorubicin. Consequently, the RGD-targeted micelles manifested cytotoxicity at lower doses of drug than control micelles or free drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongzuo Xu
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
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10
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Mathew ST, Devi SG, Prasanth VV, Vinod B. Formulation and in vitro-in vivo evaluation of ketoprofen-loaded albumin microspheres for intramuscular administration. J Microencapsul 2011; 26:456-69. [PMID: 19606940 DOI: 10.1080/02652040802420367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to prepare and evaluate ketoprofen-loaded albumin microspheres for intramuscular administration. Microspheres were prepared by emulsion cross-linking method using a 2(3) factorial design and the effect of different factors on entrapment efficiency was determined. Microspheres were evaluated for entrapment efficiency, percentage yield, particle size and release behaviour. Selected formulations were then tested by differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Further they were analysed for residual solvents, syringeability and stability. Microspheres were then sterilized and bioavailability studies were carried out in New Zealand white rabbits. The physical characteristics of microspheres showed that they were suitable for IM administration. The sterilization technique adopted was adequate to maintain sterility. In vivo studies showed increase in C(max), AUC, t(1/2) and MRT (p < 0.05) administered in the form of microspheres. MRT of ketoprofen was almost 3.2-times in the form of microspheres. From these results it was concluded that the developed albumin microspheres of ketoprofen is a potential delivery system for once-a-day intramuscular administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam T Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore-27, India.
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Abstract
Targeted delivery of anticancer drugs is one of the most actively pursued goals in anticancer chemotherapy. Serum proteins such as transferrin, albumin, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) offer promise for the selective delivery of antineoplastic agents due to their accumulation in tumor tissue. Uptake of these proteins in solid tumors is mediated by a number of factors, including an increased metabolic activity of tumors, an enhanced vascular permeability of tumor blood vessels for circulating macromolecules, and a lack of a functional lymphatic drainage system in tumor tissue. At the tumor site, transferrin, low-density lipoprotein, and albumin are taken up by the tumor cell through receptor-mediated and fluid phase endocytosis, respectively. Serum protein conjugates can be designed to release the bound antitumor drug after cellular uptake of the drug conjugate. This review covers the diagnostic evidence for tumor accumulation of serum proteins and the design, development, and biological evaluation of drug conjugates with transferrin, albumin, and low-density lipoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Kratz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Clinical Research, Tumor Biology Center, Breisacher Strasse 117, Freiburg, Federal Republic of Germany.
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Khan W, Kumar N. Drug targeting to macrophages using paromomycin-loaded albumin microspheres for treatment of visceral leishmaniasis: anin vitroevaluation. J Drug Target 2010; 19:239-50. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2010.492524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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13
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Abstract
Synthetic polymeric microspheres find application in a wide range of medical applications. Among other applications, microspheres are being used as bulking agents, embolic- or drug-delivery particles. The exact composition of the spheres varies with the application and therefore a large array of materials has been used to produce microspheres. In this review, the relation between microsphere synthesis and application is discussed for a number of microspheres that are used for different treatment strategies.
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Abstract
Improving the transfection efficiencies of nonviral gene delivery requires properly engineered nanoscaled delivery carriers that can overcome the multiple barriers associated with the delivery of oligonucleotides from the site of administration to the nucleus or cytoplasm of the target cell. This article reviews the current advantages and limitation of polyplex nonviral delivery systems, including the apparent barriers that limit gene expression efficiency compared to physical methods such as hydrodynamic dosing and electroporation. An emphasis is placed on engineered nanoscaled polyplexes (NSPs) of modular design that both self-assemble and systematically disassemble at the desired stage of delivery. It is suggested that NSPs of increasingly sophisticated designs are necessary to improve the efficiency of the rate limiting steps in gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian A Fernandez
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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Shivakumar H, Vaka SRK, Murthy SN. Albumin microspheres for oral delivery of iron. J Drug Target 2009; 18:36-44. [DOI: 10.3109/10611860903156393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Wang J, Wang X, Ren L, Wang Q, Li L, Liu W, Wan Z, Yang L, Sun P, Ren L, Li M, Wu H, Wang J, Zhang L. Conjugation of Biomolecules with Magnetic Protein Microspheres for the Assay of Early Biomarkers Associated with Acute Myocardial Infarction. Anal Chem 2009; 81:6210-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac9007418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine and College of Science, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - Xueqin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine and College of Science, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - Li Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine and College of Science, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine and College of Science, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine and College of Science, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - Wenming Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine and College of Science, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - Zongfang Wan
- College of Veterinary Medicine and College of Science, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - Linyan Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine and College of Science, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - Peng Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine and College of Science, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - Lili Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine and College of Science, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - Manlin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine and College of Science, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - Heng Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine and College of Science, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine and College of Science, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine and College of Science, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
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Kratz F. Albumin as a drug carrier: design of prodrugs, drug conjugates and nanoparticles. J Control Release 2008; 132:171-83. [PMID: 18582981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2008.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1538] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2008] [Revised: 05/05/2008] [Accepted: 05/07/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Albumin is playing an increasing role as a drug carrier in the clinical setting. Principally, three drug delivery technologies can be distinguished: coupling of low-molecular weight drugs to exogenous or endogenous albumin, conjugation with bioactive proteins and encapsulation of drugs into albumin nanoparticles. The accumulation of albumin in solid tumors forms the rationale for developing albumin-based drug delivery systems for tumor targeting. Clinically, a methotrexate-albumin conjugate, an albumin-binding prodrug of doxorubicin, i.e. the (6-maleimido)caproylhydrazone derivative of doxorubicin (DOXO-EMCH), and an albumin paclitaxel nanoparticle (Abraxane) have been evaluated clinically. Abraxane has been approved for treating metastatic breast cancer. An alternative strategy is to bind a therapeutic peptide or protein covalently or physically to albumin to enhance its stability and half-life. This approach has been applied to peptides with antinociceptive, antidiabetes, antitumor or antiviral activity: Levemir, a myristic acid derivative of insulin that binds to the fatty acid binding sites of circulating albumin, has been approved for the treatment of diabetes. Furthermore, Albuferon, a fusion protein of albumin and interferon, is currently being assessed in phase III clinical trials for the treatment of hepatitis C and could become an alternative to pegylated interferon. This review gives an account of the different drug delivery systems which make use of albumin as a drug carrier with a focus on those systems that have reached an advanced stage of preclinical evaluation or that have entered clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Kratz
- Head of Macromolecular Prodrugs, Tumor Biology Center, Breisacher Strasse 117, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany.
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18
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Preparation and characterization of galactosylated chitosan coated BSA microspheres containing 5-fluorouracil. Carbohydr Polym 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2007.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Effect of albumin on physical characteristics of drug particles produced by supercritical fluid technology. POWDER TECHNOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2007.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Abdelkader H, Abdalla OY, Salem H. Formulation of controlled-release baclofen matrix tablets: influence of some hydrophilic polymers on the release rate and in vitro evaluation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2007; 8:E100. [PMID: 18181521 PMCID: PMC2750449 DOI: 10.1208/pt0804100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2006] [Accepted: 08/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aims at investigating different types and levels of hydrophilic matrixing agents, including methylcellulose (MC), sodium alginate (Alg), and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), in an attempt to formulate controlled-release matrix tablets containing 25 mg baclofen. The tablets were prepared by wet granulation. Prior to compression, the prepared granules were evaluated for flow and compression characteristics. In vitro, newly formulated controlled-release tablets were compared with standard commercial tablets (Lioresal and baclofen). The excipients used in this study did not alter physicochemical properties of the drug, as tested by the thermal analysis using differential scanning calorimetry. The flow and compression characteristics of the prepared granules significantly improved by virtue of granulation process. Also, the prepared matrix tablets showed good mechanical properties (hardness and friability). MC- and Alg-based tablet formulations showed high release-retarding efficiency, and good reproducibility and stability of the drug release profiles when stored for 6 months in ambient room conditions, suggesting that MC and Alg are good candidates for preparing modified-release baclofen tablet formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdy Abdelkader
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.
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Haswani DK, Nettey H, Oettinger C, D'Souza MJ. Formulation, characterization and pharmacokinetic evaluation of gentamicin sulphate loaded albumin microspheres. J Microencapsul 2007; 23:875-86. [PMID: 17390629 DOI: 10.1080/02652040601035093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this investigation was to prepare and evaluate microsphere formulations of gentamicin using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a polymer matrix and glutaraldehyde as a cross-linker. Microsphere formulations of gentamicin were prepared using a spray dryer and were evaluated for product yield, encapsulation efficiency, particle size and in vitro drug release. The anti-microbial testing was performed using a modified Kirby-Bauer technique which showed that encapsulated gentamicin had an equivalent anti-microbial activity against E. coli bacteria as compared to gentamicin solution. Since it was the goal to deliver a high drug load intra-cellularly, the formulation with the least burst release profile in PBS was evaluated for its pharmacokinetic performance in rats. The in vivo pharmacokinetic evaluation on rats demonstrated increased bioavailability with microsphere formulation in comparison to the traditional solution form. The significant increase in bioavailability shall enable one to reduce the frequency of gentamicin administration and would effectively reduce the dose related side effects of gentamicin such as ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh K Haswani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern School of Pharmacy, Mercer University Atlanta, GA, USA.
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22
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Gupta S, Vyas SP. Development and characterization of amphotericin B bearing emulsomes for passive and active macrophage targeting. J Drug Target 2007; 15:206-17. [PMID: 17454358 DOI: 10.1080/10611860701195395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The antifungal and antileishmanial agent amphotericin B (AmB) has been complexed with lipids to develop a less toxic formulation of AmB. Because lipid particles are phagocytized by the reticuloendothelial system, lipid associated AmB should be concentrated in infected macrophages of liver and spleen and be very effective against visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and systemic fungal infections. Therefore, AmB was formulated in trilaurin based nanosize lipid particles (emulsomes) stabilized by soya phosphatidylcholine (PC) as a new intravenous drug delivery system for macrophage targeting. Emulsomes were prepared by cast film technique followed by sonication to obtain particles of nanometric size range. Formulations were optimized for AmB to lipid ratio, sonication time and PC to trilaurin ratio. Emulsomes were modified by coating them with macrophage-specific ligand (O-palmitoyl mannan, OPM). The surface modified emulsomes and their plain counterparts were characterised for size, shape, lamellarity and entrapment efficiency. Fluorescence microscopy study showed significant localization of plain and coated emulsomes inside the liver and spleen cells of golden hamsters. In vivo organ distribution studies in albino rats demonstrated that extent of accumulation of emulsome entrapped AmB in macrophage rich organs, particularly liver, spleen and lungs was significantly high when compared against the free drug (AmB-deoxycholate or AmB-Doc). The rate and extent of accumulation were found to increase further on ligand anchoring. Further, a significantly higher (P < 0.05) drug concentration in the liver was estimated over a period of 24 h for OPM coated emulsomes than for plain emulsomes. We concluded that OPM coated emulsomes could fuse with the macrophages of liver and spleen due to ligand-receptor interaction and could target the bioactives inside them. The proposed plain and OPM coated emulsome based systems showed excellent potential for passive and active intramacrophage targeting, respectively and the approach could be a successful alternative to the currently available drug regimens of VL and systemic fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Gupta
- Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr Hari Singh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, MP, India.
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23
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Mathew ST, Devi SG, KV S. Formulation and evaluation of ketorolac tromethamine-loaded albumin microspheres for potential intramuscular administration. AAPS PharmSciTech 2007; 8:14. [PMID: 17408214 DOI: 10.1208/pt0801014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this work was to prepare and evaluate ketorolac tromethamine-loaded albumin microspheres using a factorial design. Albumin microspheres were prepared by emulsion cross-linking method. Selected formulations were characterized for their entrapment efficiency, particle size, surface morphology, and release behavior. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for entrapment efficiency indicated that entrapment efficiency is best fitted to a response surface linear model. From the statistical analysis it was observed that as the drug:polymer (D:P) ratio and volume of glutaraldehyde increased, there was a significant increase in the encapsulation efficiency. Scanning electron microscopy of the microspheres revealed a spherical, nonporous and uniform appearance, with a smooth surface. Based on the entrapment efficiency and physical appearance, 9 formulations were selected for release study. The maximum particle size observed was below 40 microm. The release pattern was biphasic, characterized by an initial burst effect followed by a slow release. All selected microspheres, except those having less polymer proportion (D:P ratio is 1:1), exhibited a prolonged release for almost 24 hours. On comparing r (2) values for Higuchi and Peppas kinetic models, different batches of microspheres showed Fickian, non-Fickian, and diffusion kinetics. The release mechanism was regulated by D:P ratio and amount of cross-linking agent. From the experimental data obtained with respect to particle size and extent of drug release, it could be concluded that the prepared microspheres are useful for once-a-day intramuscular administration of ketorolac tromethamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam T Mathew
- Dept of Pharmaceutics, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Hosur Road, at Lalbagh main gate, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
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24
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Ma G, Gong F, Hu G, Hao D, Liu R, Wang R. Multi-scale structures in emulsion and microsphere complex systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1672-2515(07)60206-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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25
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Vyas SP, Kannan ME, Jain S, Mishra V, Singh P. Design of liposomal aerosols for improved delivery of rifampicin to alveolar macrophages. Int J Pharm 2004; 269:37-49. [PMID: 14698575 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2003.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed at preparation, characterization, and performance evaluation of rifampicin-loaded aerosolized liposomes for their selective presentation to alveolar macrophages, that being the most dense site of tuberculosis infection. Egg phosphatidylcholine (PC)- and cholesterol (Chol)-based liposomes were modified by imparting negative charge (using dicetylphosphate, DCP) or by coating them with alveolar macrophage-specific ligands (maleylated bovine serum albumin, MBSA; and O-steroyl amylopectin, O-SAP). The prepared formulations were characterized in vitro for vesicle morphology, mean vesicle size, and percent drug entrapment. Pressurized packed systems based on preformed liposomal formulations in chlorofluorocarbon aerosol propellants were prepared. In vitro airway penetration efficiency of the liposomal aerosols was determined by percent dose reaching the base of the lung, it was recorded 1.5-1.8 times higher as compared to plain drug solution-based aerosol. Percent viability of Mycobacterium smegmatis inside macrophages (in vitro) after administration of drug (in vivo) was in the range of 7-11% in the case of ligand-anchored liposomal aerosols, while it was recorded to be 45.7 and 31.6% in case of plain drug and plain neutral liposomal aerosol (based on PC:Chol)-treated macrophages. Results suggest the preferential accumulation of MBSA- and O-SAP-coated formulations in the lung macrophages, which was further reflected in the periodically monitored in vivo tissue distribution studies. Higher lung drug concentration was recorded in case of ligand-anchored liposomal aerosols and negatively charged liposomal aerosols (based on PC:Chol:DCP) as compared to plain drug and plain liposome-based aerosols. The drug was estimated in the lung in high concentration even after 24h. The drug localization index calculated after 6h was nearly 1.4- and 3.5-fold, respectively, for both ligand-appended liposome-based systems as compared to negatively charged and plain neutral liposome-based aerosolized systems. These results suggest that the ligand-anchored liposomal aerosols are not only effective in rapid attainment of high-drug concentration in lung with high population of alveolar macrophages but also maintain the same over prolonged period of time. The significance of targeting potential of the developed systems was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Vyas
- Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, MP 470 003, India.
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26
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27
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Jameela S, Lakshmi S, James NR, Jayakrishnan A. Preparation and evaluation of photocrosslinkable chitosan as a drug delivery matrix. J Appl Polym Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/app.11112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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28
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Sahin S, Selek H, Ponchel G, Ercan MT, Sargon M, Hincal AA, Kas HS. Preparation, characterization and in vivo distribution of terbutaline sulfate loaded albumin microspheres. J Control Release 2002; 82:345-58. [PMID: 12175748 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-3659(02)00141-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Terbutaline sulfate is widely used as a bronchodilator for the treatment of bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis and emphysema. As it has a short biological half-life, a long acting terbutaline sulfate formulation is desirable to improve patient compliance. Bovine serum albumin microspheres were prepared by an emulsion polymerization method using glutaraldehyde as the crosslinking agent. All microspheres were spherical and smooth with the mean particle size in the range of 22-30 microm. Drug release from the BSA microspheres displayed a biphasic pattern characterized by an initial fast release, followed by a slower release. The released amount was decreased with an increase in the glutaraldehyde concentration. In the absence of trypsin, the time required for complete degradation of microspheres was increased from 144 to 264 h when the glutaraldehyde concentration increased from 0.1 to 0.7 ml. In the presence of trypsin, a linear relationship was obtained between the degradation rates and trypsin concentrations, indicating that saturation was not reached under the experimental conditions. Biodistribution studies indicated that the degree of uptake by the lungs was higher than that of the other organs. All these results demonstrated that terbutaline sulfate loaded microspheres can be used for passive lung targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Sahin
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
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29
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Bozdağ S, Caliş S, Kaş HS, Ercan MT, Peksoy I, Hincal AA. In vitro evaluation and intra-articular administration of biodegradable microspheres containing naproxen sodium. J Microencapsul 2001; 18:443-56. [PMID: 11428674 DOI: 10.1080/02652040010018641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The dispersion of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) into biodegradable polymeric matrices have been accepted as a good approach for obtaining a therapeutic effect in a predetermined period of time meanwhile minimizing the side effects of NSAIDs. In the present study, it was aimed to prepare Naproxen Sodium (NS), (a NSAID) loaded microsphere formulation using natural Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) and synthetic biodegradable polymers such as poly(lactide-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) (50:50 MW 34,000 and 88,000 Da) for intra-articular administration, and to study the retention of the drug at the site of injection in the knee joint. NS incorporated microspheres were evaluated in vitro for particle size (the mean particle size; for BSA microspheres, 10.0 +/- 0.3 microm, for PLGA microspheres, 9.0 +/- 0.2 and 5.0 +/- 0.1 microm for MW 34,000 and 88,000 Da, respectively), yield value, drug loading, surface morphology and drug release. For in vivo studies, monoarticular arthritis was induced in the left knee joints of rabbits by using ovalbumin and Freund's Complete Adjuvant as antigen and adjuvant. A certain time (4 days) is allowed for the formation of arthritis in the knee joints, then the NS loaded microspheres were injected directly into the articular cavity. At specific time points, gamma scintigrams were obtained to determine the residence time of the microspheres in knee joints, in order to determine the most suitable formulation. This study indicated that PLGA, a synthetic polymer, is more promising than the natural type BSA microspheres for an effective cure of mono-articular arthritis in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bozdağ
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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30
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Vyas SP, Katare YK, Mishra V, Sihorkar V. Ligand directed macrophage targeting of amphotericin B loaded liposomes. Int J Pharm 2000; 210:1-14. [PMID: 11163983 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(00)00522-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Two types of ligand anchored multilamellar liposomes (MLVs) containing amphotericin B (Amp B) were prepared. The MLVs consisting of soya phosphatidylcholine (PC) and cholesterol (Chol) were coated with O-palmitoyl mannan (OPM). Similarly, the MLVs with the same Amp B content consisting of soya PC, Chol and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) were prepared and covalently anchored with p-aminophenyl-mannopyranoside (PAM). The surface modified MLVs and their plain counterparts were characterised for size, shape, lamellarity, entrapment efficiency and ligand density. The stability in serum and in vivo bio-distribution in albino rats were also determined. It was observed that extent of accumulation of liposomal Amp B in macrophage rich organs, particularly liver, spleen and lungs was significantly high when compared against the free drug. The rates and extent of accumulation were found to increase further on ligand anchoring. In either of the cases, the macrophagic uptake of ligand anchored liposomes was inhibited significantly on pre-injection of hydrolysed mannan, being suggestive of receptor mediated uptake of ligand anchored liposomes. Comparison of biodistruibution pattern of ligand anchored MLVs revealed that PAM linked liposomes exhibited a higher hepato-splenic accumulation where as drug accumulation in lungs was highest in the case of OPM coated liposomes. It was thus observed that mannopyranoside is a specific ligand for targeting bioactives to the macrophages of liver and spleen while OPM could preferentially negotiate the targeting of bioactives to the alveolar macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Vyas
- Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr H.S. Gour Vishwavidyala, Sagar, MP, India.
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31
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Puri N, Kou JH, Sinko PJ. Adjuvancy enhancement of muramyl dipeptide by modulating its release from a physicochemically modified matrix of ovalbumin microspheres. I. In vitro characterization. J Control Release 2000; 69:53-67. [PMID: 11018546 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-3659(00)00289-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The weak immunogenicity of subunit vaccines has necessitated research into the development of novel adjuvants and methods to enhance the adjuvancy associated with vaccine delivery systems. The purpose of the present study was to modulate the release of muramyl dipeptide (MDP) from a physicochemically modified matrix of ovalbumin microspheres (OVA-MSs). A two-component MS vaccine delivery system was fabricated, which utilized OVA as the antigen and delivery matrix, and MDP as the adjuvant. The MSs were prepared from OVA using a water/oil emulsion method, followed by suspension cross-linking using glutaraldehyde. The MS matrix was modified with respect to the degree of cross-linking by varying the concentration of glutaraldehyde and matrix density, a function of disulfide-bond formation. The modifications in the MS matrix were characterized using SDS-PAGE, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thin layer wicking (TLW). The in vitro release of MDP and OVA from the various preparations of OVA-MSs exhibited triphasic and biphasic profiles, respectively. The degree of cross-linking and the matrix density were found to be significant physicochemical parameters that affected the release profiles of MDP and OVA through two mechanisms: controlled surface erosion and bulk degradation of the MSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Puri
- College of Pharmacy, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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32
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Eatock M, Church N, Harris R, Angerson W, McArdle C, French R, Twelves C. Activity of doxorubicin covalently bound to a novel human serum albumin microcapsule. Invest New Drugs 2000; 17:111-20. [PMID: 10638482 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006362915317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Doxorubicin is widely used in the treatment of human malignancies, however is associated with significant cardiac, bone marrow and gastro-intestinal toxicity. Delivery systems may ameliorate this toxicity and increase treatment specificity by increasing the proportion of drug delivered to sites of disease. We have developed a novel preparation of doxorubicin (Dox) covalently linked to a heat stabilised human serum albumin microparticle (HSAM) carrier (median particle diameter of 4 microm) and assessed its activity in 4 malignant cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS Doxorubicin microcapsules were compared with free doxorubicin in the rat carcinoma cell line, WRC256, and the human lines, OVCAR3, MCF7 and the Dox resistant MCF7/Dox, using a cell counting technique. IC50 were calculated from regression analysis of the resulting survival curves. Endocytosis of the microcapsules by cells in culture was observed. The rate of microcapsule uptake was assessed using dual wavelength filtered fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. RESULTS The mean IC50 following incubation with the Dox microcapsules was around 5 times greater than Dox for WRC256 (p < 0.001), MCF7 (p < 0.01) and for OVCAR3 (p < 0.01). MCF7/Dox was significantly more sensitive to Dox microcapsules than free Dox (p = 0.034). A negative correlation between the rate of microcapsule uptake and the IC50 values for each cell line in culture exists (r = -0.96, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that: 1) Doxorubicin microcapsules retain activity in vitro and appear to overcome p-glycoprotein mediated Dox resistance. 2) The observed activity of Dox microcapsules correlates with the rate of particle uptake. Further studies in animal tumour models are in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Eatock
- Department of Medical Oncology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary NHS Trust, UK
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33
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Komatsu T, Hamamatsu K, Tsuchida E. Cross-Linked Human Serum Albumin Dimer Incorporating Sixteen (Tetraphenylporphinato)iron(II) Derivatives: Synthesis, Characterization, and O2-Binding Property. Macromolecules 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ma990826p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teruyuki Komatsu
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Advanced Research Institute for Science & Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Hamamatsu
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Advanced Research Institute for Science & Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Eishun Tsuchida
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Advanced Research Institute for Science & Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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34
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Adami RC, Rice KG. Metabolic stability of glutaraldehyde cross-linked peptide DNA condensates. J Pharm Sci 1999; 88:739-46. [PMID: 10430535 DOI: 10.1021/js990042p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The stability of peptide DNA condensates was examined after introducing glutaraldehyde to cross-link surface amine groups. A 20 amino acid peptide (CWK(18)) was used to condense DNA into small (70 nm) condensates. The reaction between glutaraldehyde and peptide DNA condensates was indirectly monitored using a fluorescence-based assay to establish reaction completion in 4-5 h when using glutaraldehyde-to-peptide ratios of 1 to 4 mol equiv. Higher levels of glutaraldehyde cross-linking led to significant increases in particle size. The improved stability imparted by glutaraldehyde cross-linking was demonstrated by the increased resistance of DNA condensates to shear stress induced fragmentation. The cross-linked condensates were also significantly more resistant to in vitro metabolism by serum endonucleases. A decrease in the magnitude of transient gene expression was determined for cross-linked DNA condensates which also resulted in a 10-day steady-state expression when cross-linking with 4 mol equiv of glutaraldehyde. The results suggest that cross-linking DNA condensates may provide a means to alter the time course of transient gene expression by inhibiting DNA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Adami
- Divisions of Pharmaceutics and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1065, USA
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35
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Jaitely V, Vyas SP. Development and characterisation of supramolecular autovectoring system for selective drug delivery. J Drug Target 1999; 6:315-22. [PMID: 10342380 DOI: 10.3109/10611869908996839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecules since ages have been characterised as self-associating systems emanating the properties directly related to the mode of molecular association. Similar to supramolecules, liquid crystals may also be considered as an associated system. The liquid crystals are defined as the state of matter with the characterstic order of the crystal and the mobility of liquid. The system has been compared to the transporting form of cholesterol in body. The present study reports autovectoring potentials of the drug liquid crystals using diclofenac diethylammonium (DD) as a model. The drug based liquid crystals of DD were prepared employing temperature induced transformation of isotropic form to the liquid crystal form. The prepared liquid crystal systems were incubated with 1% phosphatidylcholine in order to stabilise the surface and restrict it into the liquid crystalline state. The system was characterised for viscosity variation, X-ray diffraction pattern, partitioning behaviour and in vitro diffusion profile. In vivo vectorising potential of the developed system was evaluated using rats as test animal and studying for the organ level distribution and drug compartmentalisation. The system exhibited satisfactory vecterisation as significant amount of administered dose was localised selectively in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Jaitely
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H.S. Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, MP, India
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36
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Luftensteiner CP, Schwendenwein I, Paul B, Eichler HG, Viernstein H. Evaluation of mitoxantrone-loaded albumin microspheres following intraperitoneal administration to rats. J Control Release 1999; 57:35-44. [PMID: 9863037 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-3659(98)00098-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitoxantrone has demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in the regional treatment of intraperitoneal malignancies. However, severe local toxicity was dose limiting. Consequently, a new injectable sustained delivery formulation of mitoxantrone has been developed: the drug was incorporated (8.2 w/w%) in highly hydrophilic albumin microspheres. In vitro drug release profile was modified by matrix crosslinking extent. The extractable amount of residual crosslinking agent (glutaraldehyde) in the microspheres was lower than 6 ppm. Mitoxantrone concentration in peritoneal fluid and plasma was determined up to 72 h after intraperitoneal administration of 30, 60 and 120 mg mitoxantrone per m2 body surface area as solution and in the form of a dispersion containing mitoxantrone-loaded microspheres to rats. Data analysis revealed sustained release of mitoxantrone from microspheres into peritoneal fluid in all dosage groups. The initial high drug levels in peritoneal fluid and plasma observed after application of mitoxantrone in the solution form were prevented by administration of the drug incorporated in microspheres. However, tumoricidal drug levels in peritoneal fluid were maintained over a comparable time span. In addition, preliminary toxicity data suggest a superior local tolerability of mitoxantrone-loaded microspheres. The dose of intraperitoneally administered mitoxantrone might be increased from 30 to 60 mg per m2 body surface area using the slow release formulation. In conclusion, the described microsphere drug delivery system for mitoxantrone might overcome dose-limiting drug toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Luftensteiner
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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37
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Tsubuku S, Sugawara S, Miyajima M, Yoshida M, Asano M, Okabe K, Kobayashi D, Yamanaka H. Preparation and characterization of oil-in-water type poly (D,L-lactic acid) microspheres containing testosterone enanthate. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 1998; 24:927-34. [PMID: 9876547 DOI: 10.3109/03639049809097272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Poly (D,L-lactic acid) (PLA) microspheres containing testosterone enanthate (ET) were prepared by using an oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion technique. The size distribution of the microspheres obtained could be explained by a log-normal distribution, and as a result, it was found that ET fully incorporates into microspheres even when the drug is loaded at up to 50%. On the other hand, the dissolution behavior of ET from microspheres was strongly dependent on particle size, suggesting that dissolution of the drug from microspheres can be easily controlled by controlling the preparative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tsubuku
- Central Research Laboratories, Zeria Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
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38
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Luftensteiner CP, Viernstein H. Statistical experimental design based studies on placebo and mitoxantrone-loaded albumin microspheres. Int J Pharm 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(98)00166-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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39
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Andry MC, Lévy MC. In vitro degradation of serum albumin microcapsules: effect of process variables. Int J Pharm 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(97)04923-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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40
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Wang YM, Sato H, Adachi I, Horikoshi I. Optimization of the formulation design of chitosan microspheres containing cisplatin. J Pharm Sci 1996; 85:1204-10. [PMID: 8923326 DOI: 10.1021/js960092j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This study describes an orthogonal experimental design to optimize the formulation of cisplatin (CDDP)-loaded chitosan microspheres (namely, CDDP-DAC-MS) which were produced by an emulsion-chemical cross-linking technique. Seven factors and three levels for each factor that might affect the formulation of microspheres were selected and arranged in an L27(3(13)) orthogonal experimental table. A desirability function (df) calculated according to the trapping efficiency of CDDP, the drug content (%, w/w), and the size distribution of each batch of microspheres was introduced as an index of the microsphere formulation. The overall desirability functions (DF) were produced and treated by a statistic analytical system to optimize the formulation. Moreover, the contour maps were produced to analyze the influence of the seven factors on the size distribution, the drug content, and the drug trapping efficiency. The established optimum procedure was reproducible. Scanning electron micrographs showed that CDDP-DAC-MS were spherical with a coarse surface. The average diameter, drug content, and drug trapping efficiency of CDDP-DAC-MS were 74.8 microns, 20.8% (w/w), and 77.5%, respectively. The in vitro release of cisplatin from chitosan microspheres in saline was retarded compared with that from saline solution; the release of CDDP from chitosan microspheres was suggested to be controlled by the dissolution and diffusion of the drug from the chitosan matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Wang
- Beijing Pharmacology & Toxicology Institute, China
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41
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Abstract
The use of glutaraldehyde as a fixative in bioprostheses and drug delivery matrices is reviewed. The chemistry of glutaraldehyde cross-linking and its effect on the biological performance of a number of bioprostheses such as tissue heart valves, vascular grafts, pericardial patches, tendon grafts and drug delivery matrices are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jayakrishnan
- Polymer Chemistry Division, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, India
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Zeng XM, Martin GP, Marriott C. Preparation and in vitro evaluation of tetrandrine-entrapped albumin microspheres as an inhaled drug delivery system. Eur J Pharm Sci 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0928-0987(94)00078-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Latha MS, Jayakrishnan A. A new method for the synthesis of smooth, round, hydrophilic protein microspheres using low concentrations of polymeric dispersing agents. J Microencapsul 1995; 12:7-12. [PMID: 7730958 DOI: 10.3109/02652049509051122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A new method for the synthesis of protein microspheres of wide size range having good spherical geometry and hydrophilicity using very low concentrations of polymeric dispersing agents is reported. The method involves the use of around 1% solution of a biomedical grade aliphatic polyurethane in a mixture of a hexane and dichloromethane as the dispersion medium, as opposed to a 25-30% solution of polymeric dispersing agents employed by previous workers to effect steric stabilization of the protein solution droplets. The versatility of the method is demonstrated by the synthesis of albumin microspheres, as well as those of the amphiphilic protein casein, the latter being more difficult to prepare by surfactant stabilization techniques. Significant advantages of the method include the avoidance of surfactants which become adsorbed on the particles and influence tissue reactions and drug release, and the ease of removal of the polymeric stabilizer from the final product. The method may find application for the preparation of a wide range of protein and polysaccharide microspheres for medical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Latha
- Polymer Chemistry Division, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, India
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Latha MS, Jayakrishnan A, Rathinam K, Mohanty M. Casein as a carrier matrix for 5-fluorouracil: drug release from microspheres, drug-protein conjugates and in-vivo degradation of microspheres in rat muscle. J Pharm Pharmacol 1994; 46:858-62. [PMID: 7897587 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1994.tb05702.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Glutaraldehyde cross-linked casein microspheres were loaded with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) from concentrated aqueous solutions of the drug after the microspheres were synthesized and cleaned. In-vitro release of the drug was examined in phosphate buffer in the absence and in the presence of protease at 37 degrees C. Drug release data showed that only about 20% of the drug is released in the absence of protease even after 5 days, while digestion of the matrix with protease released the entrapped drug completely in about 24 h. A protein-drug conjugate was synthesized via carbamoyl linkage using 6-(5-FU-1-yl)hexyl isocyanate and the drug release was examined in phosphate buffer at 37 degrees C. Release from the protein-5-FU conjugate was slower compared with the release from microspheres in the presence of protease. Implantation of placebo microspheres of different cross-linking densities in the gluteal muscle of rats showed no adverse tissue reactions over a one-year period. Histopathological examination of the tissues containing injected microspheres suggested that the biological life of casein microspheres in muscle is about 6 months, which is three times that of cross-linked albumin microspheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Latha
- Division of Polymer Chemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, India
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Xian Ming Zeng, Martin GP, Marriott C. Albumin microspheres as a means of drug delivery to the lung: analysis of the effects of process variables on particle sizes using factorial design methodology. Int J Pharm 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0378-5173(94)90435-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Karajgi J, Jain NK, Vyas SP. Passive vectoring of a colloidal carrier system for sodium stibogluconate: preparation, characterization and performance evaluation. J Drug Target 1993; 1:197-206. [PMID: 8069561 DOI: 10.3109/10611869308996077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The intracellular residence of the Leishmania parasite in the cells of the reticuloendothelial system--predominantly the liver and spleen--prompted the development of a polymeric, particulate, colloidal carrier system for the antileishmanial drug sodium stibogluconate. The system was pharmaceutically characterized for shape, size, structural integrity, electrokinetic properties and in vitro drug release. The relationship between such physical parameters as size, electrophoretic mobility and surface charge and the effectiveness of the system is discussed. Subsequent in vivo studies in rats revealed that the carrier system successfully vectored the drug to the site of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Karajgi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr H.S. Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Formerly University of Saugar, India
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Bhargava K, Ando HY. Immobilization of active urokinase on albumin microspheres: use of a chemical dehydrant and process monitoring. Pharm Res 1992; 9:776-81. [PMID: 1409360 DOI: 10.1023/a:1015855622459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A method of immobilizing urokinase on albumin microspheres has been developed. Laser scattering, which was used to follow particle size from the initial emulsification stage to the final aqueous resuspension of the microsphere stage, showed that particle coalescence and crosslinking were critical parameters in manufacturing the microspheres. Chemical dehydration with 2,2-dimethoxypropane was used to convert an albumin emulsion into an albumin suspension and to reduce coalescence. An optimal amount of dehydrant produced 0.3-micron particles which resisted a 50 degrees C temperature challenge. Since oil/glutaraldehyde emulsion resulted in large particles with no urokinase activity, the cross-linking concentration of glutaraldehyde was reduced by solubilizing 25% (w/v) glutaraldehyde in the oil phase with n-propanol. A concentration of 0.015% (v/v) glutaraldehyde effectively immobilized urokinase and stabilized albumin microspheres. Amidolytic activity using the specific chromogenic substrate for urokinase, S-2444, showed that enzyme activity could be retained during this glutaraldehyde cross-linking.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bhargava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and Science, Pennsylvania 19104
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