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Research Progress of Macrophages in Bone Regeneration. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/1512966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Bone tissue regeneration plays an increasingly important role in contemporary clinical treatment. The reconstruction of bone defects remains a huge challenge for clinicians. Bone regeneration is regulated by the immune system, in which inflammation is an important regulating factor in bone formation and remodeling. As the main cells involved in inflammation, macrophages play a key role in osteogenesis by polarizing into different phenotypes during different stages of bone regeneration. Considering this, this review mainly summarizes the function of macrophage in bone regeneration based on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and vascular cells. In conclusion, anti-inflammatory macrophages (M2) have a greater potentiality to promote bone regeneration than M0 and classically activated proinflammatory macrophages (M1). In the fracture and bone defect models, tissue engineering materials can induce the transition from M1 to M2, alter the bone microenvironment, and promote bone regeneration through interactions with bone-related cells and blood vessels. The review provides a further understanding of macrophage polarization behavior in the evolving field of bone immunology.
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Kruppel-like Factors in Skeletal Physiology and Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315174. [PMID: 36499521 PMCID: PMC9741390 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Kruppel-like factors (KLFs) belong to a large group of zinc finger-containing transcription factors with amino acid sequences resembling the Drosophila gap gene Krüppel. Since the first report of molecular cloning of the KLF family gene, the number of KLFs has increased rapidly. Currently, 17 murine and human KLFs are known to play crucial roles in the regulation of transcription, cell proliferation, cellular differentiation, stem cell maintenance, and tissue and organ pathogenesis. Recent evidence has shown that many KLF family molecules affect skeletal cells and regulate their differentiation and function. This review summarizes the current understanding of the unique roles of each KLF in skeletal cells during normal development and skeletal pathologies.
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Effects of Extracellular Vesicles from Osteogenic Differentiated Human BMSCs on Osteogenic and Adipogenic Differentiation Capacity of Naïve Human BMSCs. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162491. [PMID: 36010568 PMCID: PMC9406723 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis, or steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the hip, is accompanied by increased bone marrow adipogenesis. Such a disorder of adipogenic/osteogenic differentiation, affecting bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), contributes to bone loss during aging. Here, we investigated the effects of extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from human (h)BMSCs during different stages of osteogenic differentiation on the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation capacity of naïve (undifferentiated) hBMSCs. We observed that all EV groups increased viability and proliferation capacity and suppressed the apoptosis of naïve hBMSCs. In particular, EVs derived from hBMSCs at late-stage osteogenic differentiation promoted the osteogenic potential of naïve hBMSCs more effectively than EVs derived from naïve hBMSCs (naïve EVs), as indicated by the increased gene expression of COL1A1 and OPN. In contrast, the adipogenic differentiation capacity of naïve hBMSCs was inhibited by treatment with EVs from osteogenic differentiated hBMSCs. Proteomic analysis revealed that osteogenic EVs and naïve EVs contained distinct protein profiles, with pro-osteogenic and anti-adipogenic proteins encapsulated in osteogenic EVs. We speculate that osteogenic EVs could serve as an intercellular communication system between bone- and bone-marrow adipose tissue, for transporting osteogenic factors and thus favoring pro-osteogenic processes. Our data may support the theory of an endocrine circuit with the skeleton functioning as a ductless gland.
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Ahmadipour S, Varshosaz J, Hashemibeni B, Manshaei M, Safaeian L. In vivo assessment of bone repair by an injectable nanocomposite scaffold for local co-delivery of autologous platelet-rich plasma and calcitonin in rat model. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2022; 48:98-108. [PMID: 35659167 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2022.2087080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Background: Gellan gum is obtained from the bacterium Sphingomonas elodea and is a polysaccharide with carboxylic acid functional groups. The goal of this project was to investigate the osteoinductive effect of local administration of calcitonin through an injectable scaffold of gellan gum containing salmon calcitonin loaded in silsesquioxane nanoparticles, hydroxyapatite, and platelets rich plasma.Methods: The femur of rats was defected by creating a 2 × 5 mm2 hole using an electric drill. The defect was filled with an injectable hydrogel scaffold composed of gellan gum enriched with salmon calcitonin loaded in silsesquioxane nanoparticles, hydroxyapatite, platelets rich plasma and then the radiologic images were taken. Bone densitometry and the histologic studies were carried out by Hematoxylin & Eosin test. Biochemical analysis was done to measure the serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), calcium, calcitonin concentration.Results: Healing of the bone defects and bone densitometry in the treated group by calcitonin-loaded scaffold was significantly higher (p < 0.05) and bone formation occupied 75% of the defect that was greater than other groups. Serum ALP and calcium levels in the scaffold-loaded calcitonin group were more than the other groups (p < 0.05). The osteogenic marker genes also increased significantly (p < 0.05) with free calcitonin and the scaffold.Conclusions: Gellan gum-based scaffold loaded with calcitonin may be considered a promising local treatment to progress bone formation in repairing of skeletal injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeedeh Ahmadipour
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Jaleh Varshosaz
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Batool Hashemibeni
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine; Torabinejad Dental Research Center, Dental School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maziar Manshaei
- Dental research center, Dental Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Leila Safaeian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Zheng S, Zhou C, Yang H, Li J, Feng Z, Liao L, Li Y. Melatonin Accelerates Osteoporotic Bone Defect Repair by Promoting Osteogenesis-Angiogenesis Coupling. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:826660. [PMID: 35273570 PMCID: PMC8902312 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.826660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have revealed that melatonin could play a role in anti-osteoporosis and promoting osteogenesis. However, the effects of melatonin treatment on osteoporotic bone defect and the mechanism underlying the effects of melatonin on angiogenesis are still unclear. Our study was aimed to investigate the potential effects of melatonin on angiogenesis and osteoporotic bone defect. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were isolated from the femur and tibia of rats. The BMSC osteogenic ability was assessed using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, alizarin red S staining, qRT-PCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence. BMSC-mediated angiogenic potentials were determined using qRT-PCR, western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence, scratch wound assay, transwell migration assay, and tube formation assay. Ovariectomized (OVX) rats with tibia defect were used to establish an osteoporotic bone defect model and then treated with melatonin. The effects of melatonin treatment on osteoporotic bone defect in OVX rats were analyzed using micro-CT, histology, sequential fluorescent labeling, and biomechanical test. Our study showed that melatonin promoted both osteogenesis and angiogenesis in vitro. BMSCs treated with melatonin indicated higher expression levels of osteogenesis-related markers [ALP, osteocalcin (OCN), runt-related transcription factor 2, and osterix] and angiogenesis-related markers [vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin-2, and angiopoietin-4] compared to the untreated group. Significantly, melatonin was not able to facilitate human umbilical vein endothelial cell angiogenesis directly, but it possessed the ability to promote BMSC-mediated angiogenesis by upregulating the VEGF levels. In addition, we further found that melatonin treatment increased bone mineralization and formation around the tibia defect in OVX rats compared with the control group. Immunohistochemical staining indicated higher expression levels of osteogenesis-related marker (OCN) and angiogenesis-related markers (VEGF and CD31) in the melatonin-treated OVX rats. Then, it showed that melatonin treatment also increased the bone strength of tibia defect in OVX rats, with increased ultimate load and stiffness, as performed by three-point bending test. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that melatonin could promote BMSC-mediated angiogenesis and promote osteogenesis-angiogenesis coupling. We further found that melatonin could accelerate osteoporotic bone repair by promoting osteogenesis and angiogenesis in OVX rats. These findings may provide evidence for the potential application of melatonin in osteoporotic bone defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunhao Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics-Spine Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Han Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junhua Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyu Feng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liqing Liao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yikai Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yikai Li,
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Xu Y, Yan H, Zhang X, Zhuo J, Han Y, Zhang H, Xie D, Lan X, Cai W, Wang X, Wang S, Li X. Roles of Altered Macrophages and Cytokines: Implications for Pathological Mechanisms of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:876269. [PMID: 35757427 PMCID: PMC9226340 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.876269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is characterized by the uncoupling of bone resorption and bone formation induced by estrogen deficiency, which is a complex outcome related to estrogen and the immune system. The interaction between bone and immune cells is regarded as the context of PMOP. Macrophages act differently on bone cells, depending on their polarization profile and secreted paracrine factors, which may have implications for the development of PMOP. PMOP, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and Alzheimer's disease (AD) might have pathophysiological links, and the similarity of their pathological mechanisms is partially visible in altered macrophages and cytokines in the immune system. This review focuses on exploring the pathological mechanisms of PMOP, RA, and AD through the roles of altered macrophages and cytokines secretion. First, the multiple effects on cytokines secretion by bone-bone marrow (BM) macrophages in the pathological mechanism of PMOP are reviewed. Then, based on the thought of "different tissue-same cell type-common pathological molecules-disease pathological links-drug targets" and the methodologies of "molecular network" in bioinformatics, highlight that multiple cytokines overlap in the pathological molecules associated with PMOP vs. RA and PMOP vs. AD, and propose that these overlaps may lead to a pathological synergy in PMOP, RA, and AD. It provides a novel strategy for understanding the pathogenesis of PMOP and potential drug targets for the treatment of PMOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunteng Xu
- College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hui Yan
- College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Basic Discipline Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Junkuan Zhuo
- College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yidan Han
- College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dingbang Xie
- College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xin Lan
- College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wanping Cai
- College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xihai Li
- College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xihai Li,
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Zhu W, Kong C, Pan F, Ouyang M, Sun K, Lu S. Engineered collagen-binding bone morphogenetic protein-2 incorporated with platelet-rich plasma accelerates lumbar fusion in aged rats with osteopenia. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:1577-1585. [PMID: 33757339 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211001039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In aged individuals, osteopenia is a great concern for achieving solid spinal fusion. Spinal malunion could lead to various implant-related complications and reduce postoperative quality of life. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of collagen-binding bone morphogenetic protein-2 (CBD-BMP-2) on the treatment of lumbar inter-transverse defects and to explore whether platelet-rich plasma could help CBD-BMP-2 to achieve a better outcome in terms of osteogenesis in senile rats with osteopenia. In vitro experiment proved the angiogenic function of platelet-rich plasma and osteogenic effect of CBD-BMP-2. Rats were performed posterolateral lumbar inter-transverse fusion. Rats implanted with CBD-BMP-2 + platelet-rich plasma were assigned to Group A (n = 20), rats implanted with CBD-BMP-2 were assigned to Group B (n = 20), and those with platelet-rich plasma were assigned to Group C (n = 20). Four weeks after implantation, radiographic assessment, manual palpation, and histological evaluation were performed. In vivo experiments showed satisfactory therapeutic effect on lumbar inter-transverse fusion in both Groups A and B and better results of bone microarchitecture in Group A. Solid fusion rate was 77.8% in Group A, 66.7% in Group B, and 0% in Group C (P < 0.001). Our study indicated that CBD-BMP-2 could effectively facilitate the lumbar inter-transverse fusion in aged rats with osteopenia and platelet-rich plasma could help CBD-BMP-2 to enhance the bone healing of vertebral defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Chao Kong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Fumin Pan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Miao Ouyang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Kang Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Shibao Lu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100053, China
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Chen L, Zhang RY, Xie J, Yang JY, Fang KH, Hong CX, Yang RB, Bsoul N, Yang L. STAT3 activation by catalpol promotes osteogenesis-angiogenesis coupling, thus accelerating osteoporotic bone repair. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:108. [PMID: 33541442 PMCID: PMC7863540 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02178-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone fracture repair has gained a lot of attention due to the high incidence of delayed union or even nonunion especially in osteoporotic patients, resulting in a dreadful impact on the quality of life. However, current therapies involve the costly expense and hence become unaffordable strategies for fracture recovery. Herein, developing new strategies for better bone repair is essential and urgent. Catalpol treatment has been reported to attenuate bone loss and promote bone formation. However, the mechanisms underlying its effects remain unraveled. METHODS Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were isolated from rat femurs. BMSC osteogenic ability was assessed using ALP and ARS staining, immunofluorescence, and western blot analysis. BMSC-mediated angiogenic potentials were determined using the western blot analysis, ELISA testing, scratch wound assay, transwell migration assay, and tube formation assay. To investigate the molecular mechanism, the lentivirus transfection was used. Ovariectomized and sham-operated rats with calvaria defect were analyzed using micro-CT, H&E staining, Masson's trichrome staining, microfil perfusion, sequential fluorescent labeling, and immunohistochemistry assessment after administrated with/without catalpol. RESULTS Our results manifested that catalpol enhanced BMSC osteoblastic differentiation and promoted BMSC-mediated angiogenesis in vitro. More importantly, this was conducted via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway, as knockdown of STAT3 partially abolished beneficial effects in BMSCs. Besides, catalpol administration facilitated bone regeneration as well as vessel formation in an OVX-induced osteoporosis calvarial defect rat model. CONCLUSIONS The data above showed that catalpol could promote osteogenic ability of BMSC and BMSC-dependent angiogenesis through activation of the JAK2/STAT3 axis, suggesting it may be an ideal therapeutic agent for clinical medication of osteoporotic bone fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Ri-Yan Zhang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Jia-Yi Yang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Kang-Hao Fang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Chen-Xuan Hong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Rong-Bo Yang
- Medical College, Zhejiang Jiaxing College, Jiaxing, 314000, China
| | - Najeeb Bsoul
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China. .,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
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Song D, Shujaat S, Zhao R, Huang Y, Shaheen E, Van Dessel J, Orhan K, Vande Velde G, Coropciuc R, Pauwels R, Politis C, Jacobs R. In vivo quantification of mandibular bone remodeling and vascular changes in a Wistar rat model: A novel HR-MRI and micro-CT fusion technique. Imaging Sci Dent 2020; 50:199-208. [PMID: 33005577 PMCID: PMC7506089 DOI: 10.5624/isd.2020.50.3.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study was performed to introduce an in vivo hybrid multimodality technique involving the coregistration of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI) to concomitantly visualize and quantify mineralization and vascularization at follow-up in a rat model. Materials and Methods Three adult female rats were randomly assigned as test subjects, with 1 rat serving as a control subject. For 20 weeks, the test rats received a weekly intravenous injection of 30 µg/kg zoledronic acid, and the control rat was administered a similar dose of normal saline. Bilateral extraction of the lower first and second molars was performed after 10 weeks. All rats were scanned once every 4 weeks with both micro-CT and HR-MRI. Micro-CT and HR-MRI images were registered and fused in the same 3-dimensional region to quantify blood flow velocity and trabecular bone thickness at T0 (baseline), T4 (4 weeks), T8 (8 weeks), T12 (12 weeks), T16 (16 weeks), and T20 (20 weeks). Histological assessment was the gold standard with which the findings were compared. Results The histomorphometric images at T20 aligned with the HR-MRI findings, with both test and control rats demonstrating reduced trabecular bone vasculature and blood vessel density. The micro-CT findings were also consistent with the histomorphometric changes, which revealed that the test rats had thicker trabecular bone and smaller marrow spaces than the control rat. Conclusion The combination of micro-CT and HR-MRI may be considered a powerful non-invasive novel technique for the longitudinal quantification of localized mineralization and vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Song
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sohaib Shujaat
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ruiting Zhao
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yan Huang
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eman Shaheen
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Van Dessel
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kaan Orhan
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Ankara, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Greetje Vande Velde
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ruxandra Coropciuc
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ruben Pauwels
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Constantinus Politis
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Reinhilde Jacobs
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Sun Y, Chen R, Zhu D, Shen ZQ, Zhao HB, Lee WH. Osteoking improves OP rat by enhancing HSP90‑β expression. Int J Mol Med 2020; 45:1543-1553. [PMID: 32323753 PMCID: PMC7138285 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a chronic bone disease that affects individuals worldwide. Osteoporosis is primarily asymptomatic, and patients with OP suffer from pain, inconvenience, economic pressure and osteoporotic fracture (OPF). Osteoking, a Traditional Chinese Medicine compound that originates from the Yi ethnic group, has been used for a number of years to treat fractures. In our previous study, osteoking exhibited therapeutic effects on rats with OPF by promoting calcium deposition. Based on bioinformatics and network pharmacology analyses of a component‑target‑disease database, heat shock protein HSP 90‑β (HSP90‑β), also known as HSP90‑β, was identified to be a key target of osteoking in OP. High HSP90‑β expression levels were observed in osteoporotic rats and rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) following osteoking treatment. After 12 weeks of administration in vivo, there was increased bone mineral density (BMD) (P<0.05), increased bone alkaline phosphatase (P<0.05), and improved bone microstructure in the osteoking group compared with those of the negative control group. In vitro, increased calcium deposition in rBMSCs was observed after 4 weeks of osteoking treatment. These results suggest that the mechanisms of osteoking are closely associated with HSP90‑β and activate the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling pathway, primarily through BMP‑2. Osteoking treatment improves OP in rats by enhancing HSP90‑β expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Pharmaceutical College and Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products of Yunnan Province, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Ran Chen
- The Clinical Laboratory Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650000, P.R. China
| | - Di Zhu
- Pharmaceutical College and Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products of Yunnan Province, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Shen
- Pharmaceutical College and Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products of Yunnan Province, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Bin Zhao
- The Emergency Department, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province/The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Hui Lee
- Key Laboratory of Bio‑active Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, 650032, P.R. China
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Chakuleska L, Michailova R, Shkondrov A, Manov V, Zlateva-Panayotova N, Marinov G, Petrova R, Atanasova M, Krasteva I, Danchev N, Doytchinova I, Simeonova R. Bone protective effects of purified extract from Ruscus aculeatus on ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 132:110668. [PMID: 31299293 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ruscus aculeatus is a source of steroidal saponins that could mimic sex hormones and could help alleviate the risk of fracture in osteoporotic patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro effects of an extract from R. aculeatus (ERA) on the proliferation of human osteoblast-like SaOS-2 cell line and to investigate the effects of the ERA administered orally for 10 weeks at three doses (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) on the bone structure of rats with estrogen deficiency induced by bilateral ovariectomy. Bone turnover markers, hormones, histopathological and radiological disturbances were evidenced in the ovariectomized rats. ERA recovered most of the affected parameters in a dose-dependent manner similar to diosgenin and alendronate used as positive comparators. The main active compounds of ERA (ruscogenin and neoruscogenin) were docked into the Vit. D receptor and oestrogen receptors alpha and beta, and stable complexes were found with binding scores equal to those of estradiol and diosgenin. The findings of this study provide for the first time an insight into the effects of ERA on bone structure and suggest that ERA could be developed as a potential candidate for the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporotic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidija Chakuleska
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy, and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2, Dunav St, 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Rositza Michailova
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy, and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2, Dunav St, 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Aleksandar Shkondrov
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2, Dunav St, 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Vassil Manov
- Department of Internal Non-infectious Diseases, Pathology, and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Forestry, 10, Kliment Ochridsky Blvd, 1756, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Nadya Zlateva-Panayotova
- Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Forestry, 10, Kliment Ochridsky Blvd, 1756, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Georgi Marinov
- Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Forestry, 10, Kliment Ochridsky Blvd, 1756, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Reneta Petrova
- National Diagnostic and Research Veterinary Institute, Sofia, Bulgaria, Department: National Center of Animal Health.
| | - Mariyana Atanasova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2, Dunav St, 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Ilina Krasteva
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2, Dunav St, 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Nikolay Danchev
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy, and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2, Dunav St, 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Irini Doytchinova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2, Dunav St, 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Rumyana Simeonova
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy, and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2, Dunav St, 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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12
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Angiogenesis Changes in Ovariectomized Rats with Osteoporosis Treated with Estrogen Replacement Therapy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:1283717. [PMID: 31355247 PMCID: PMC6637705 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1283717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To investigate whether angiogenesis changes in early menopausal osteoporosis treated with estrogen replacement therapy, 120 rats were randomly divided into five groups: sham operation group (SHAM), ovariectomy group (OVX), and ovariectomy plus three different estrogen doses replacement therapy groups (OVX + E2). We detected the bone microarchitecture and measured the expression levels of estrogen receptor beta (ERβ), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). CD31 immunofluorescence and silica gel perfusion imaging were used to analyze the vascular distribution. We confirmed that the femur BMD of ovariectomized rats was significantly lower than SHAM group and OVX+E2 groups. After estrogen therapy, the local microvascular formation increased after estrogen treatment in a dose dependent manner. ERβ was downregulated and VEGF was upregulated, positively correlated with estrogen dosage. We successfully constructed an osteoporosis model of ovariectomized rats with estrogen replacement therapy. We also found angiogenesis changed in early menopausal osteoporosis treated with estrogen replacement therapy. We indicated that estrogen replacement therapy increased angiogenesis through VEGF upregulation. However, we observed that, at the highest doses of estrogen studied, increased angiogenesis was associated with a decrease in BMD, the underlying mechanisms of which remain unclear.
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Zhong N, Zhang Y, Pu X, Xu B, Xu M, Cai H, Zhang G, Cui R, Sheng H, Qu S. Microangiopathy is associated with bone loss in female type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2018; 15:433-441. [PMID: 29893142 DOI: 10.1177/1479164118779386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with microvascular diseases can be used as a model to study the relationship between bone health and the microvascular situation. METHODS A total of 2,170 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (1,188 postmenopausal females and 982 males aged ⩾50 years) were included in our cross-sectional study. These patients were grouped according to 24-hour urine protein level: Group I (<30 mg), Group II (30-299 mg) and Group III (≥300 mg). Bone mineral density of the lumbar spine, hip and femoral neck was evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Fundus oculi photography for diabetic retinopathy and 24-h urine protein for diabetic nephropathy were used as markers of microangiopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Characteristics of the patients and bone mineral density were compared. Multivariate analysis was used to study the association between bone mineral density and microangiopathy. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Group III had the lowest bone mineral density level in both genders. Multivariate analysis revealed that microangiopathy was negatively correlated with bone mineral density in females (lumbar: r = -0.522, p < 0.001; hip: r = -0.301, p = 0.010; femoral neck: r = -0.314, p = 0.009), but not in males, after adjustment for age, body mass index, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetic status, hepatic function, kidney function, sex hormones and 25(OH) vitamin D. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate an independent negative correlation between microangiopathy and bone mineral density in postmenopausal female type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Zhong
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Youyang Zhang
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiangling Pu
- 2 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second People's Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, P.R. China
| | - Bei Xu
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Mingxin Xu
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Haidong Cai
- 3 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ge Zhang
- 4 Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ran Cui
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Hui Sheng
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Shen Qu
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Yuan H, Xiao L, Min W, Yuan W, Lu S, Huang G. Bu-Shen-Tong-Luo decoction prevents bone loss via inhibition of bone resorption and enhancement of angiogenesis in ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis of rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 220:228-238. [PMID: 29317302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gathering three ancient formulas, traditional Chinese medicine Bu-Shen-Tong-Luo decoction (BSTLD) has been used to treat postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) at the Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine for decades. However, the effect of BSTLD on angiogenesis and bone resorption as well as its possible mechanism are still unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was aimed to evaluate the preventive effect of BSTLD on ovariectomy-induced bone loss and vasculature disorder, and to investigate the possible bone protection mechanism of BSTLD in inhibiting bone resorption by enhancing angiogenesis signaling in ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis of rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The animal experiment was divided into five groups. Rats underwent either sham surgery with intact ovaries (SHAM, n = 10) or bilateral ovariectomy (OVX, n = 40). OVX rats were randomly divided into four groups and gavaged by water (vehicle, 12 mL/kg, n = 10), BSTLD (6 g/kg, n = 10), BSTLD (12 g/kg, n = 10) and 17β-estradiol (E2, 100 μg/kg, n = 10) daily for 12 weeks, respectively. The bone loss and microstructure of the distal femur were observed using micro-computed tomography (μCT). The biomechanical parameters of the femur were detected using three-point bending tests. The distribution of osteoclasts and endothelial cells were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA and protein levels of angiogenesis-related hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), as well as osteoclast activation-related signaling calcitonin receptor (CALCR), cathepsin K (CTSK), receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and β-catenin were assayed by RT-PCR or Western blot. RESULTS BSTLD protected trabecular bone mass density and trabecular bone microstructure from ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats. BSTLD significantly reduced mRNA and protein levels of calcitonin receptor and CTSK in femoral metaphysis and inhibited bone resorption in ovariectomized rats. Furthermore, BSTLD stabilized HIF-1α activity and subsequently increased VEGF expression to enhance angiogenesis and modulated RANKL/OPG signaling in this animal model. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that BSTLD reduced osteoclasts activation and bone resorption in ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis. Bone protection by BSTLD may be associated with its stimulation of HIF-1α/VEGF angiogenesis signaling and suppression of RANKL/OPG ratio. This study may provide evidence that BSTLD treats postmenopausal osteoporosis, especially with micro-circulation complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yuan
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Linyan Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wen Min
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenchao Yuan
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shengfeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guicheng Huang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China.
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15
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Prisby RD. Mechanical, hormonal and metabolic influences on blood vessels, blood flow and bone. J Endocrinol 2017; 235:R77-R100. [PMID: 28814440 PMCID: PMC5611884 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bone tissue is highly vascularized due to the various roles bone blood vessels play in bone and bone marrow function. For example, the vascular system is critical for bone development, maintenance and repair and provides O2, nutrients, waste elimination, systemic hormones and precursor cells for bone remodeling. Further, bone blood vessels serve as egress and ingress routes for blood and immune cells to and from the bone marrow. It is becoming increasingly clear that the vascular and skeletal systems are intimately linked in metabolic regulation and physiological and pathological processes. This review examines how agents such as mechanical loading, parathyroid hormone, estrogen, vitamin D and calcitonin, all considered anabolic for bone, have tremendous impacts on the bone vasculature. In fact, these agents influence bone blood vessels prior to influencing bone. Further, data reveal strong associations between vasodilator capacity of bone blood vessels and trabecular bone volume, and poor associations between estrogen status and uterine mass and trabecular bone volume. Additionally, this review highlights the importance of the bone microcirculation, particularly the vascular endothelium and NO-mediated signaling, in the regulation of bone blood flow, bone interstitial fluid flow and pressure and the paracrine signaling of bone cells. Finally, the vascular endothelium as a mediator of bone health and disease is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda D Prisby
- Department of KinesiologyUniversity of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
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16
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Shangguan WJ, Zhang YH, Li ZC, Tang LM, Shao J, Li H. Naringin inhibits vascular endothelial cell apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress‑ and mitochondrial‑mediated pathways and promotes intraosseous angiogenesis in ovariectomized rats. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:1741-1749. [PMID: 29039439 PMCID: PMC5716435 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, to investigate the effects of naringin on vascular endothelial cell (VEC) function, proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis, rat VECs were cultured in vitro and randomly divided into four groups: control, serum‑starved, low‑concentration naringin treatment, and high‑concentration naringin treatment. MTT assay was used to detect cell proliferation while Hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometry were used to detect apoptosis. Changes in the expression of apoptosis‑associated proteins [GRP78, CHOP, caspase‑12, and cytochrome c (Cyt.c)] were detected using western blotting. JC‑1 staining was employed to detect changes in mitochondrial membrane potential. Intracellular caspase‑3, ‑8, and ‑9 activity was determined by spectrophotometry. ELISA was used to detect endothelin (ET), and a Griess assay was used to detect changes in the expression of nitric oxide (NO) in culture medium. The study further divided an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model of osteoporosis randomly into four groups: OVX, sham‑operated, low‑concentration naringin treatment (100 mg/kg), and high‑concentration naringin treatment (200 mg/kg). After 3 months of treatment, changes in serum ET and NO expression, bone mineral density (BMD), and microvessel density of the distal femur (using CD34 labeling of VECs) were determined. At each concentration, naringin promoted VEC proliferation in a time‑ and dose‑dependent manner. Naringin also significantly reduced serum starvation‑induced apoptosis in endothelial cells, inhibited the expression of GRP78, CHOP, caspase‑12, and Cyt.c proteins, and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential as well as reduced the activities of caspase‑3 and ‑9. Furthermore, naringin suppressed ET in vitro and in vivo while enhancing NO synthesis. Distal femoral microvascular density assessment showed that the naringin treatment groups had a significantly higher number of microvessels than the OVX group, and that microvascular density was positively correlated with BMD. In summary, naringin inhibits apoptosis in VECs by blocking the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress‑ and mitochondrial‑mediated pathways. Naringin also regulates endothelial cell function and promotes angiogenesis to exert its anti‑osteoporotic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ji Shangguan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Hui Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Zhan-Chun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Lu-Min Tang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Shao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - He Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
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17
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Zhang P, Ha N, Dai Q, Zhou S, Yu C, Jiang L. Hypoxia suppresses osteogenesis of bone mesenchymal stem cells via the extracellular signal‑regulated 1/2 and p38‑mitogen activated protein kinase signaling pathways. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:5515-5522. [PMID: 28849067 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence indicating an association between osteoporosis and vascular diseases, which are associated with reduced blood supply. Decreased vascular flow results in a hypoxic gradient in the local microenvironment, affecting local bone remodeling. Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been demonstrated to be the key to bone remodeling. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in vascular supply and osteoporosis, the present study investigated the effect of hypoxia on BMSCs in vitro during osteogenesis. The BMSC osteogenesis process was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay and the mRNA expression of the osteogenic markers runt‑related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), ALP and osteocalcin. The function of extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and p38 kinase were studied under hypoxia using specific inhibitors. The results demonstrated that hypoxia reduces the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by inactivating Runx2, followed by decreased ALP activity and mRNA expression levels of ALP, collagen type I and osteocalcin. Furthermore, these data suggested that the ERK1/2 and p38‑mitogen activated protein kinase signaling pathways might participate in hypoxia‑induced differentiation of BMSCs toward the osteogenic phenotype. Compared with ERK1/2, the p38‑Runx2 signaling pathway might exert a relatively more prominent effect in the above process. These findings may help to elucidate the pathophysiology of osteoporosis caused by decreased vascular supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Second Dental Center, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Nayoung Ha
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio‑Maxillofacial Science, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Qinggang Dai
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio‑Maxillofacial Science, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Siru Zhou
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio‑Maxillofacial Science, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Chuangqi Yu
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Lingyong Jiang
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio‑Maxillofacial Science, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
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Oranger A, Brunetti G, Colaianni G, Tamma R, Carbone C, Lippo L, Mori G, Pignataro P, Cirulli N, Zerlotin R, Moretti B, Notarnicola A, Ribatti D, Grano M, Colucci S. Sclerostin stimulates angiogenesis in human endothelial cells. Bone 2017; 101:26-36. [PMID: 28267633 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sclerostin, negative regulator of bone formation, has been originally known as an osteocyte product. Recently, it has been also detected in hypertrophic chondrocytes, distinctive cells of avascular cartilage which is invaded by capillaries and then replaced by vascularized bone. Thus, we hypothesized that sclerostin, in addition to its role already known, may exert an angiogenic activity. We first proved that sclerostin increased the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and next, by using the chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) in vivo assay, we demonstrated that it exerts an angiogenic activity similar to that of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). This last finding was reinforced by several in vitro approaches. Indeed, we showed that sclerostin induced the formation of a network of anastomosing tubules, a significant increase in the percentage of tubule number, total tubule length and number of junctions, as well as the ability of sclerostin-stimulated HUVECs to organize capillary-like structures and closed-meshes similar to VEGF. The angiogenic response elicited by the protein may be due to the binding to its receptor, LRP6, which is highly expressed at mRNA and protein levels by sclerostin treated HUVECs and through the production of two well-known pro-angiogenic cytokines, VEGF and placental growth factor (PlGF). Finally, we demonstrated that sclerostin was also responsible for the recruitment of osteoclasts and their circulating monocyte progenitors. Overall, these findings showed for the first time the new angiogenic in vitro role of sclerostin which could be also considered as a novel molecule in angiogenesis-osteogenesis coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Oranger
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giacomina Brunetti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Graziana Colaianni
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberto Tamma
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Claudia Carbone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Luciana Lippo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giorgio Mori
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Paolo Pignataro
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Nunzio Cirulli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberta Zerlotin
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Biagio Moretti
- Orthopaedics Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Bari, General Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Notarnicola
- Orthopaedics Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Bari, General Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- National Cancer Institute "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Grano
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Silvia Colucci
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
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Zhan Q, Gui X, Wang F, Yu P, Zhao M, Wang J, Xue C. Sialoglycoprotein isolated from the eggs of Gadus morhua enhances fracture healing in osteoporotic mice. Food Funct 2017; 8:1094-1104. [PMID: 28164198 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01346e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common disease in the elderly, which is related to fracture healing delay. In this study, the effects of treatment with sialoglycoprotein isolated from the eggs of Gadus morhua (Gm-SGP) on tibial fracture healing in ovariectomized (OVX) osteoporotic female C57BL/6J mice for 56 days post-fracture were investigated. The result showed that Gm-SGP treatment significantly increased serum angiogenic factors and bone formation markers on day 5 and 11 post-fracture when compared with the OVX group. In addition, histological results in the Gm-SGP group showed a stronger endochondral ossification, a stronger bony consolidation and a stronger bony callus remodeling capability on day 11, 24 and 35 post-fracture, respectively, in comparison with the OVX group. Meanwhile, micro-computerized tomography revealed that the Gm-SGP group had stronger bony callus remodeling capability as evidenced by higher BV/TV and Tb.N but lower Tb.Sp and shorter lengths of callus maximum cross section than the OVX group on day 24 post-fracture. Besides, the tibial callus bending stiffness was significantly enhanced in the Gm-SGP group as compared with the OVX group on day 56 post-fracture. Moreover, gene expression suggested that Gm-SGP promoted vascular invasion and endochondral ossification on day 11 post-fracture as well as bone formation on day 11 and 24 post-fracture via up-regulating the expression of angiogenesis factors (including VEGF, PDGF and Ang1), entochondrostosis factors (including Col2a1, Aggrecan, Col10a1 and MMP-13) and osteogenesis markers (including Col1a1, BMP-2 and OCN). This research suggests that Gm-SGP significantly improve fracture healing which is delayed by OVX-induced osteoporosis. The present study may contribute to providing important implications for the utilization of Gm-SGP from fish eggs as a functional food to enhance fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiping Zhan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China.
| | - Xiong Gui
- School of Basic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, China
| | - Fei Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China.
| | - Peng Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China.
| | - Meihui Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China.
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China.
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China.
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20
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Zhang L, Miramini S, Richardson M, Mendis P, Ebeling P. The role of impairment of mesenchymal stem cell function in osteoporotic bone fracture healing. AUSTRALASIAN PHYSICAL & ENGINEERING SCIENCES IN MEDICINE 2017; 40:603-610. [DOI: 10.1007/s13246-017-0566-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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21
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Naringin promotes fracture healing through stimulation of angiogenesis by regulating the VEGF/VEGFR-2 signaling pathway in osteoporotic rats. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 261:11-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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22
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Zhou Y, Wu Y, Ma W, Jiang X, Takemra A, Uemura M, Xia L, Lin K, Xu Y. The effect of quercetin delivery system on osteogenesis and angiogenesis under osteoporotic conditions. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:612-625. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb02312f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Bone regeneration under osteoporotic conditions with impaired angiogenesis, osteogenesis and remodeling represents a great challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuning Zhou
- Department of Oral Surgery
- Ninth People's Hospital
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology
- Shanghai
| | - Yuqiong Wu
- Department of Prosthodontics
- Ninth People's Hospital
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Wudi Ma
- Department of Oral Surgery
- Ninth People's Hospital
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology
- Shanghai
| | - Xinquan Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics
- Ninth People's Hospital
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
| | | | - Mamoru Uemura
- Department of Anatomy
- Osaka Dental University
- Osaka
- Japan
| | - Lunguo Xia
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics
- Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Science
- Ninth People's Hospital
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai
| | - Kaili Lin
- School & Hospital of Stomatology
- Tongji University
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration
- Shanghai, 200072
- China
| | - Yuanjin Xu
- Department of Oral Surgery
- Ninth People's Hospital
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology
- Shanghai
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23
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Li L, Qu Y, Jin X, Guo XQ, Wang Y, Qi L, Yang J, Zhang P, Li LZ. Protective effect of salidroside against bone loss via hypoxia-inducible factor-1α pathway-induced angiogenesis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32131. [PMID: 27558909 PMCID: PMC4997314 DOI: 10.1038/srep32131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α plays a critical role in coupling angiogenesis with osteogenesis during bone development and regeneration. Salidroside (SAL) has shown anti-hypoxic effects in vitro and in vivo. However, the possible roles of SAL in the prevention of hypoxia-induced osteoporosis have remained unknown. Two osteoblast cell lines, MG-63 and ROB, were employed to evaluate the effects of SAL on cell viability, apoptosis, differentiation and mineralization in vitro. Rats subjected to ovariectomy-induced bone loss were treated with SAL in vivo. Our results showed that pre-treatment with SAL markedly attenuated the hypoxia-induced reductions in cell viability, apoptosis, differentiation and mineralization. SAL down-regulated HIF-1α expression and inhibited its translocation; however, SAL increased its transcriptional activity and, consequently, up-regulated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In vivo studies further demonstrated that SAL caused decreases in the mineral, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and BGP concentrations in the blood of ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Moreover, SAL improved the trabecular bone microarchitecture and increased bone mineral density in the distal femur. Additionally, SAL administration partially ameliorated this hypoxia via the HIF-1α-VEGF signalling pathway. Our results indicate that SAL prevents bone loss by enhancing angiogenesis and osteogenesis and that these effects are associated with the activation of HIF-1α signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Occupational and Environmental Hazard, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacology, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Qu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Qin Guo
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Occupational and Environmental Hazard, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Qi
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhi Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Occupational and Environmental Hazard, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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24
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Interleukin-1β, lipocalin 2 and nitric oxide synthase 2 are mechano-responsive mediators of mouse and human endothelial cell-osteoblast crosstalk. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29880. [PMID: 27430980 PMCID: PMC4949438 DOI: 10.1038/srep29880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells are spatially close to osteoblasts and regulate osteogenesis. Moreover, they are sensitive to mechanical stimuli, therefore we hypothesized that they are implicated in the regulation of bone metabolism during unloading. Conditioned media from endothelial cells (EC-CM) subjected to simulated microgravity (0.08g and 0.008g) increased osteoblast proliferation and decreased their differentiation compared to unit gravity (1g) EC-CM. Microgravity-EC-CM increased the expression of osteoblast Rankl and subsequent osteoclastogenesis, and induced the osteoblast de-differentiating factor, Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2), whose downregulation recovered osteoblast activity, decreased Rankl expression and reduced osteoclastogenesis. Microgravity-EC-CM enhanced osteoblast NO-Synthase2 (NOS2) and CycloOXygenase2 (COX2) expression. Inhibition of NOS2 or NO signaling reduced osteoblast proliferation and rescued their differentiation. Nuclear translocation of the Lcn2/NOS2 transcription factor, NF-κB, occurred in microgravity-EC-CM-treated osteoblasts and in microgravity-treated endothelial cells, alongside high expression of the NF-κB activator, IL-1β. IL-1β depletion and NF-κB inhibition reduced osteoblast proliferation and rescued differentiation. Lcn2 and NOS2 were incremented in ex vivo calvarias cultured in microgravity-EC-CM, and in vivo tibias and calvarias injected with microgravity-EC-CM. Furthermore, tibias of botulin A toxin-treated and tail-suspended mice, which featured unloading and decreased bone mass, showed higher expression of IL-1β, Lcn2 and Nos2, suggesting their pathophysiologic involvement in endothelial cell-osteoblast crosstalk.
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25
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Peng J, Hui K, Hao C, Peng Z, Gao QX, Jin Q, Lei G, Min J, Qi Z, Bo C, Dong QN, Bing ZH, Jia XY, Fu DL. Low bone turnover and reduced angiogenesis in streptozotocin-induced osteoporotic mice. Connect Tissue Res 2016; 57:277-89. [PMID: 27028715 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2016.1171858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
It is known that type 1 diabetes (T1D) reduces bone mass and increases the risk for fragility fractures, an effect that has been largely ascribed to decreased bone formation. However, the potential role of decreased angiogenesis as a factor in osteogenesis reduction has not been extensively studied. Furthermore, there is controversy surrounding the effect of T1D on bone resorption. This study characterized bone microstructure, bone strength, and bone turnover of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice (T1D mice) and explored the role of angiogenesis in the pathogenesis of T1D-induced osteoporosis. Results demonstrate that T1D deteriorated trabecular microarchitecture and led to reduced bone strength. Furthermore, T1D mice showed reduced osteoblast number/bone surface (N.Ob/BS), mineral apposition rate, mineral surface/BS, and bone formation rate/BS, suggesting attenuated bone formation. Decreased angiogenesis was shown by a reduced number of blood vessels in the femur and decreased expression of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (CD31), nerve growth factor, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, and vascular endothelial growth factor was observed. On the other hand, reduced bone resorption, an effect that could lead to impaired osteogenesis, was demonstrated by lower osteoclast number/BS and decreased tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and cathepsin K mRNA levels. Reduced number of osteoblasts and decreased expression of receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB ligand could be responsible for compromised bone resorption in T1D mice. In conclusion, T1D mice display reduced bone formation and bone resorption, suggesting decreased bone turnover. Furthermore, this study points to impairments in angiogenesis as a pivotal cause of decreased bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Peng
- a Department of Orthopaedics , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu Province , China.,b Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Ruijin Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Kang Hui
- b Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Ruijin Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Chen Hao
- b Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Ruijin Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Zhao Peng
- c Intensive Care Unit , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu Province , China
| | - Qian Xing Gao
- d Department of Rehabilitation, 359th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army , Zhen Jiang , Jiangsu Province , China
| | - Qi Jin
- b Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Ruijin Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Guo Lei
- b Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Ruijin Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Jiang Min
- b Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Ruijin Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Zhou Qi
- b Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Ruijin Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Chen Bo
- b Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Ruijin Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Qian Nian Dong
- b Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Ruijin Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Zhou Han Bing
- b Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Ruijin Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Xu You Jia
- a Department of Orthopaedics , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu Province , China
| | - Deng Lian Fu
- b Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Ruijin Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
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26
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Jia P, Chen H, Kang H, Qi J, Zhao P, Jiang M, Guo L, Zhou Q, Qian ND, Zhou HB, Xu YJ, Fan Y, Deng LF. Deferoxamine released from poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) promotes healing of osteoporotic bone defect via enhanced angiogenesis and osteogenesis. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:2515-27. [PMID: 27227768 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jia
- Department of Orthopaedics; San Xiang Road 1055, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu Province 215004 China
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese Western Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Rui Jin Er Road 197 Shanghai 200020 China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Ren Ji Hospital; Pu Jian Road 160 Shanghai 200120 China
| | - Hui Kang
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese Western Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Rui Jin Er Road 197 Shanghai 200020 China
| | - Jin Qi
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese Western Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Rui Jin Er Road 197 Shanghai 200020 China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Nursing Department; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; San Xiang Road 1055 Suzhou Jiangsu Province China 215004
| | - Min Jiang
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese Western Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Rui Jin Er Road 197 Shanghai 200020 China
| | - Lei Guo
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese Western Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Rui Jin Er Road 197 Shanghai 200020 China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese Western Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Rui Jin Er Road 197 Shanghai 200020 China
| | - Nian Dong Qian
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese Western Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Rui Jin Er Road 197 Shanghai 200020 China
| | - Han Bing Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese Western Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Rui Jin Er Road 197 Shanghai 200020 China
| | - You Jia Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics; San Xiang Road 1055, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu Province 215004 China
| | - Yongqian Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics; Huadong Hospital Affiliated Fudan University; Yan'an Western Road 221 Shanghai 200040 China
| | - Lian Fu Deng
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese Western Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Rui Jin Er Road 197 Shanghai 200020 China
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27
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Böhm AM, Dirckx N, Maes C. Recruitment of osteogenic cells to bone formation sites during development and fracture repair. Z Rheumatol 2016; 76:5-9. [PMID: 27001056 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-015-1574-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recruitment of osteoblast lineage cells to their bone-forming locations is essential for skeletal development and fracture healing. In developing bones, osteoprogenitor cells invade the cartilage mold to establish the primary ossification center. Similarly, osteogenic cells infiltrate and populate the callus tissue that is formed following an injury. Proper bone development and successful fracture repair must, therefore, rely on controlled temporal and spatial navigation cues guiding the cells to the sites where new bone formation is needed. Some cellular mechanisms and molecular pathways involved have been elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-M Böhm
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, Gasthuisberg O&N 1, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 813, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - N Dirckx
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, Gasthuisberg O&N 1, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 813, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - C Maes
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, Gasthuisberg O&N 1, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 813, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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28
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Böhm AM, Dirckx N, Maes C. [Recruitment of osteogenic cells to bone formation sites during development and fracture repair - German Version]. Z Rheumatol 2016; 75:316-21. [PMID: 27003859 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-016-0065-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recruitment of osteoblast lineage cells to their bone-forming locations is essential for skeletal development and fracture healing. In developing bones, osteoprogenitor cells invade the cartilage mold to establish the primary ossification center. Similarly, osteogenic cells infiltrate and populate the callus tissue that is formed following an injury. Proper bone development and successful fracture repair must, therefore, rely on controlled temporal and spatial navigation cues guiding the cells to the sites where new bone formation is needed. Some cellular mechanisms and molecular pathways involved have been elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-M Böhm
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Gasthuisberg O&N 1, Herestraat 49, Box 813, 3000, Leuven, Belgien
| | - N Dirckx
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Gasthuisberg O&N 1, Herestraat 49, Box 813, 3000, Leuven, Belgien
| | - C Maes
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Gasthuisberg O&N 1, Herestraat 49, Box 813, 3000, Leuven, Belgien.
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29
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Liu XD, Cai F, Liu L, Zhang Y, Yang AL. MicroRNA-210 is involved in the regulation of postmenopausal osteoporosis through promotion of VEGF expression and osteoblast differentiation. Biol Chem 2015; 396:339-47. [PMID: 25503465 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2014-0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-protein-codingRNAs that function as negative gene expression regulators. miRNA-210 (miR-210) has recently been recognized in the pathogenesis of osteonecrosis associated with angiogenesis. Herein we aimed to explore the clinical significance of miR-210 treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis. The expression of miR-210 was detected in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in vitro and miR-210 significantly promoted the expression of vascular edothelial growth factor (VEGF) in BMSCs in a time-dependent manner (p<0.05). And miR-210 suppressed PPARγ expression but increased the expression of ALP and osterix, demonstrating that miR-210 inhibited adipocyte differentiation and promoted osteoblast differentiation of BMSCs in vitro. The protein expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) and VEGF in 17β-estradiol (E2) treated osteoblasts were significantly increased in a dose- and time-dependent manner (p<0.05). And E2 inducted the VEGF expression through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in osteoblasts. Taken together, these data implied that miR-210 played an important role in ameliorating the estrogen deficiency caused-postmenopausal osteoporosis through promotion the VEGF expression and osteoblast differentiation.
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30
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Lafage-Proust MH, Roche B, Langer M, Cleret D, Vanden Bossche A, Olivier T, Vico L. Assessment of bone vascularization and its role in bone remodeling. BONEKEY REPORTS 2015; 4:662. [PMID: 25861447 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2015.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone is a composite organ that fulfils several interconnected functions, which may conflict with each other in pathological conditions. Bone vascularization is at the interface between these functions. The roles of bone vascularization are better documented in bone development, growth and modeling than in bone remodeling. However, every bone remodeling unit is associated with a capillary in both cortical and trabecular envelopes. Here we summarize the most recent data on vessel involvement in bone remodeling, and we present the characteristics of bone vascularization. Finally, we describe the various techniques used for bone vessel imaging and quantitative assessment, including histology, immunohistochemistry, microtomography and intravital microscopy. Studying the role of vascularization in adult bone should provide benefits for the understanding and treatment of metabolic bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Hélène Lafage-Proust
- Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrée du Tissu Osseux, INSERM U 1059 , Saint-Etienne, France ; Université de Lyon , Lyon, France
| | - Bernard Roche
- Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrée du Tissu Osseux, INSERM U 1059 , Saint-Etienne, France ; Université de Lyon , Lyon, France
| | - Max Langer
- Université de Lyon , Lyon, France ; CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220-INSERM U1044 , Lyon, France
| | - Damien Cleret
- Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrée du Tissu Osseux, INSERM U 1059 , Saint-Etienne, France ; Université de Lyon , Lyon, France
| | - Arnaud Vanden Bossche
- Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrée du Tissu Osseux, INSERM U 1059 , Saint-Etienne, France ; Université de Lyon , Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Olivier
- Université de Lyon , Lyon, France ; Laboratoire Hubert Curien , Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Laurence Vico
- Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrée du Tissu Osseux, INSERM U 1059 , Saint-Etienne, France ; Université de Lyon , Lyon, France
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31
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Prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors protect from the bone loss in ovariectomy rats by increasing bone vascularity. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 69:141-9. [PMID: 24242187 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-013-9780-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway is involved in skeletal development, bone repair, and postmenopausal osteoporosis. Inhibitors of prolyl hydroxylases (PHD) enhance vascularity, increase callus formation in a stabilized fracture model, and activate the HIF-1α/VEGF pathway. This study examined the effects of estrogen on the HIF-1α/VEGF pathway in osteoblasts and whether PHD inhibitors can protect from bone loss in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Osteoblasts were treated with estrogen, and expressions of HIF-1α and VEGF were measured at mRNA (qPCR) and protein (Western blot) levels. Further, osteoblasts were treated with inhibitors of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway, and levels of VEGF mRNA and protein expression were detected. In addition, ovariectomized rats were treated with PHD inhibitors, and bone microarchitecture and bone mechanical strength were assessed using micro-CT and biomechanical analyses (lower ultimate stress, modulus, and stiffness). Blood vessel formation was measured with India Ink Perfusion and immunohistochemistry. Estrogen, in a dose- and time-dependent manner, induced VEGF expression at both mRNA and protein levels and enhanced HIF-1α protein stability. Further, the estrogen-induced VEGF expression in osteoblasts involved the PI3K/Akt pathway. PHD inhibitors increased bone mineral density, bone microarchitecture and bone mechanical strength, and promoted blood vessel formation in ovariectomized rats. In conclusion, estrogen and PHD inhibitors activate the HIF-1α/VEGF pathway in osteoblasts. PHD inhibitors can be utilized to protect bone loss in postmenopausal osteoporosis by improving bone vascularity and angiogenesis in bone marrow.
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32
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Peng J, Lai ZG, Fang ZL, Xing S, Hui K, Hao C, Jin Q, Qi Z, Shen WJ, Dong QN, Bing ZH, Fu DL. Dimethyloxalylglycine prevents bone loss in ovariectomized C57BL/6J mice through enhanced angiogenesis and osteogenesis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112744. [PMID: 25394221 PMCID: PMC4231053 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α (HIF-1α) plays a critical role in angiogenesis-osteogenesis coupling during bone development and bone regeneration. Previous studies have shown that 17β-estradiol activates the HIF-1α signaling pathway and that mice with conditional activation of the HIF-1α signaling pathway in osteoblasts are protected from ovariectomy (OVX)-induced bone loss. In addition, it has been shown that hypoxia facilitates the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and modulates Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Therefore, we hypothesized that activation of the HIF-1α signaling pathway by hypoxia-mimicking agents would prevent bone loss due to estrogen deficiency. In this study, we confirmed the effect of dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG), a hypoxia-mimicking agent, on the HIF-1α signaling pathway and investigated the effect of DMOG on MSC osteogenic differentiation and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. We then investigated the effect of DMOG treatment on OVX-induced bone loss. Female C57BL/6J mice were divided into sham, OVX, OVX+L-DMOG (5 mg/kg/day), and OVX+H-DMOG (20 mg/kg/day) groups. At sacrifice, static and dynamic bone histomorphometry were performed with micro computed tomography (micro-CT) and undecalcified sections, respectively. Bone strength was assessed with the three-point bending test, and femur vessels were reconstructed and analyzed by micro-CT. Serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), osteocalcin, and C-terminal telopeptides of collagen type(CTX) were measured by ELISA. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining was used to assess osteoclast formation. Alterations in the HIF-1α and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways in the bone were detected by western blot. Our results showed that DMOG activated the HIF-1α signaling pathway, which further activated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and enhanced MSC osteogenic differentiation. The micro-CT results showed that DMOG treatment improved trabecular bone density and restored the bone microarchitecture and blood vessels in OVX mice. Bone strength was also partly restored in DMOG-treated OVX mice. Dynamic bone histomorphometric analysis of the femur metaphysic revealed that DMOG increased the mineralizing surface, mineral apposition rate, and bone formation rate. The serum levels of VEGF and osteocalcin were higher in DMOG-treated OVX mice. However, there were no significant differences in serum CTX or in the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-stained cells between DMOG-treated OVX mice and OVX mice. Western blot results showed that DMOG administration partly rescued the decrease in HIF-1α and β-catenin expression following ovariectomy. Collectively, these results indicate that DMOG prevents bone loss due to ovariectomy in C57BL/6J mice by enhancing angiogenesis and osteogenesis, which are associated with activated HIF-1α and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Peng
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zuo Gui Lai
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qian Fo Shan Hospital, Shang Dong University, Ji Nan, China
| | - Zhang Lian Fang
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shen Xing
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kang Hui
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Hao
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Jin
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhou Qi
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang Jin Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Nian Dong
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhou Han Bing
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Deng Lian Fu
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Ma HP, Ma XN, Ge BF, Zhen P, Zhou J, Gao YH, Xian CJ, Chen KM. Icariin attenuates hypoxia-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in osteoblasts and preserves their osteogenic differentiation potential in vitro. Cell Prolif 2014; 47:527-39. [PMID: 25355404 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Icariin, a prenylated flavonol glycoside isolated from traditional Chinese medicinal herb of the genus Epimedium, has been demonstrated to be a potential alternative therapy for osteoporosis, and its action mechanism so far has been mainly attributed to its phytoestrogenic property. As blood supply to bone is considerably reduced with ageing and by the menopause, we hypothesized that icariin treatment would reduce bone loss by preventing ischaemia-induced hypoxic damages to bone. MATERIALS AND METHODS To investigate effects of icariin treatment on cultured rat calvarial osteoblasts exposed to hypoxic conditions (2% oxygen). RESULTS Compared to normoxic control, cell viability decreased with time to 50% by 48 h in the hypoxic group, and icariin attenuated the reduction, dose dependently, with 10(-6) and 10(-5) m concentrations showing significant protective effects. Icariin also inhibited increase of lactate dehydrogenase activity in culture media. Measurements on oxidative stress, cell cycling and cell survival indicated that icariin protected osteoblasts by reducing production of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, increasing superoxide dismutase activity, arresting the cell cycle and inhibiting apoptosis. Icariin also preserved osteogenic differentiation potential of the hypoxic cells in a dose-dependent manner, compared to the hypoxia alone group, as revealed by increased levels of RUNX-2, OSX and BMP-2 gene expression, alkaline phosphatase activity, and formation of mineralized nodules. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that icariin attenuated oxidative stress and apoptosis and preserved viability and osteogenic potential of osteoblasts exposed to hypoxia in vitro, and suggested that its anti-osteoporotic effect may be attributed to its anti-hypoxic activity and phytoestrogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-P Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of CPLA, Lanzhou, 730050, China
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Role of angiogenesis in bone repair. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 561:109-17. [PMID: 25034215 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bone vasculature plays a vital role in bone development, remodeling and homeostasis. New blood vessel formation is crucial during both primary bone development as well as fracture repair in adults. Both bone repair and bone remodeling involve the activation and complex interaction between angiogenic and osteogenic pathways. Interestingly studies have demonstrated that angiogenesis precedes the onset of osteogenesis. Indeed reduced or inadequate blood flow has been linked to impaired fracture healing and old age related low bone mass disorders such as osteoporosis. Similarly the slow penetration of host blood vessels in large engineered bone tissue grafts has been cited as one of the major hurdle still impeding current bone construction engineering strategies. This article reviews the current knowledge elaborating the importance of vascularization during bone healing and remodeling, and the current therapeutic strategies being adapted to promote and improve angiogenesis.
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Roca F, Grossin N, Chassagne P, Puisieux F, Boulanger E. Glycation: the angiogenic paradox in aging and age-related disorders and diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2014; 15:146-60. [PMID: 24742501 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is generally a quiescent process which, however, may be modified by different physiological and pathological conditions. The "angiogenic paradox" has been described in diabetes because this disease impairs the angiogenic response in a manner that differs depending on the organs involved and disease evolution. Aging is also associated with pro- and antiangiogenic processes. Glycation, the post-translational modification of proteins, increases with aging and the progression of diabetes. The effect of glycation on angiogenesis depends on the type of glycated proteins and cells involved. This complex link could be responsible for the "angiogenic paradox" in aging and age-related disorders and diseases. Using diabetes as a model, the present work has attempted to review the age-related angiogenic paradox, in particular the effects of glycation on angiogenesis during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Roca
- Vascular Aging Biology, Blood-Vessel Interface and Vascular Repair Unit, Lille School of Medicine, Lille2 University, Lille, France; Geriatrics Department, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.
| | - N Grossin
- Vascular Aging Biology, Blood-Vessel Interface and Vascular Repair Unit, Lille School of Medicine, Lille2 University, Lille, France
| | - P Chassagne
- Geriatrics Department, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - F Puisieux
- Vascular Aging Biology, Blood-Vessel Interface and Vascular Repair Unit, Lille School of Medicine, Lille2 University, Lille, France; Gerontology Clinic, Les Bateliers Geriatric Hospital, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - E Boulanger
- Vascular Aging Biology, Blood-Vessel Interface and Vascular Repair Unit, Lille School of Medicine, Lille2 University, Lille, France; Gerontology Clinic, Les Bateliers Geriatric Hospital, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
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Weng T, Xie Y, Huang J, Luo F, Yi L, He Q, Chen D, Chen L. Inactivation of Vhl in osteochondral progenitor cells causes high bone mass phenotype and protects against age-related bone loss in adult mice. J Bone Miner Res 2014; 29:820-9. [PMID: 23999831 PMCID: PMC4111233 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that disruption of von Hippel-Lindau gene (Vhl) coincides with activation of hypoxia-inducible factor α (HIFα) signaling in bone cells and plays an important role in bone development, homeostasis, and regeneration. It is known that activation of HIF1α signaling in mature osteoblasts is central to the coupling between angiogenesis and bone formation. However, the precise mechanisms responsible for the coupling between skeletal angiogenesis and osteogenesis during bone remodeling are only partially elucidated. To evaluate the role of Vhl in bone homeostasis and the coupling between vascular physiology and bone, we generated mice lacking Vhl in osteochondral progenitor cells (referred to as Vhl cKO mice) at postnatal and adult stages in a tamoxifen-inducible manner and changes in skeletal morphology were assessed by micro-computed tomography (µCT), histology, and bone histomorphometry. We found that mice with inactivation of Vhl in osteochondral progenitor cells at the postnatal stage largely phenocopied that of mice lacking Vhl in mature osteoblasts, developing striking and progressive accumulation of cancellous bone with increased microvascular density and bone formation. These were accompanied with a significant increase in osteoblast proliferation, upregulation of differentiation marker Runx2 and osteocalcin, and elevated expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8. In addition, we found that Vhl deletion in osteochondral progenitor cells in adult bone protects mice from aging-induced bone loss. Our data suggest that the VHL-mediated signaling in osteochondral progenitor cells plays a critical role in bone remodeling at postnatal/adult stages through coupling osteogenesis and angiogenesis. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tujun Weng
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Ciani C, Sharma D, Doty SB, Fritton SP. Ovariectomy enhances mechanical load-induced solute transport around osteocytes in rat cancellous bone. Bone 2014; 59:229-34. [PMID: 24316418 PMCID: PMC4358819 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
To test if osteoporosis alters mechanical load-induced interstitial fluid flow in bone, this study examined the combined effect of estrogen deficiency and external loading on solute transport around osteocytes. An in vivo tracer, FITC-labeled bovine serum albumin, was injected into anesthetized ovariectomized and control female Sprague-Dawley rats before the right tibia was subjected to a controlled, physiological, non-invasive sinusoidal load to mimic walking. Tracer movement through the lacunar-canalicular system surrounding osteocytes was quantified in cortical and cancellous bone from the proximal tibia using confocal microscopy, with the non-loaded tibia serving as internal control. Overall, the application of mechanical loading increased the percentage of osteocyte lacunae labeled with injected tracer, and ovariectomy further enhanced movement of tracer. An analysis of separate regions demonstrated that ovariectomy enhanced in vivo transport of the injected tracer in the cancellous bone of the tibial epiphysis and metaphysis but not in the cortical bone of the metaphysis. These findings show that bone changes due to reduced estrogen levels alter convectional transport around osteocytes in cancellous bone and demonstrate a functional difference of interstitial fluid flow around osteocytes in estrogen-deficient rats undergoing the same physical activity as controls. The altered interstitial fluid flow around osteocytes is likely related to nanostructural matrix-mineral level differences recently demonstrated at the lacunar-canalicular surface of estrogen-deficient rats, which could affect the transmission of mechanical loads to the osteocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Ciani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Divya Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Stephen B Doty
- Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Susannah P Fritton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA.
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Wölfle JV, Fiedler J, Dürselen L, Reichert J, Scharnweber D, Förster A, Schwenzer B, Reichel H, Ignatius A, Brenner RE. Improved anchorage of Ti6Al4V orthopaedic bone implants through oligonucleotide mediated immobilization of BMP-2 in osteoporotic rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86151. [PMID: 24465929 PMCID: PMC3897651 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to test the biocompatibility and functionality of orthopaedic bone implants with immobilized oligonucleotides serving as anchor stands for rhBMP-2 and rhVEGF-A conjugated with complementary oligonucleotides in an osteoporotic rat model. Al2O3-blasted acid etched Ti6Al4V implants, carrying oligonucleotide anchor strands and hybridized with rhBMP-2 or rhVEGF-A through complementary 31-mer oligonucleotide stands were inserted into the proximal tibia of ovariectomized rats. At the time of surgery (15 weeks after ovariectomy) microCT analysis showed significantly lower bone mineral density compared to non-ovariectomized animals. Bone-implant contact (BIC) and pullout-force were not negatively affected by non-hybridized anchor strands. Twelve weeks after surgery, a significantly higher pullout force was found for BMP-2 hybridized to the anchor strands compared to non-hybridized anchor strands or native samples, and on histomorphometric analysis BIC was highest in the BMP group. Thus, we could show the biocompatibility and in vivo functionality of this modular, self-organizing system for immobilization and subsequent release of BMP-2 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia V. Wölfle
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Centre of Musculoskeletal Research, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jörg Fiedler
- Division for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Centre of Musculoskeletal Research, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lutz Dürselen
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Centre of Musculoskeletal Research, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Judith Reichert
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Anne Förster
- Institute of Biochemistry, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Heiko Reichel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Centre of Musculoskeletal Research, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Centre of Musculoskeletal Research, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rolf E. Brenner
- Division for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Centre of Musculoskeletal Research, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Tomlinson RE, Silva MJ. Skeletal Blood Flow in Bone Repair and Maintenance. Bone Res 2013; 1:311-22. [PMID: 26273509 DOI: 10.4248/br201304002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is a highly vascularized tissue, although this aspect of bone is often overlooked. In this article, the importance of blood flow in bone repair and regeneration will be reviewed. First, the skeletal vascular anatomy, with an emphasis on long bones, the distinct mechanisms for vascularizing bone tissue, and methods for remodeling existing vasculature are discussed. Next, techniques for quantifying bone blood flow are briefly summarized. Finally, the body of experimental work that demonstrates the role of bone blood flow in fracture healing, distraction osteogenesis, osteoporosis, disuse osteopenia, and bone grafting is examined. These results illustrate that adequate bone blood flow is an important clinical consideration, particularly during bone regeneration and in at-risk patient groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E Tomlinson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis , Saint Louis, MO, USA ; Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis , Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Matthew J Silva
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis , Saint Louis, MO, USA ; Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis , Saint Louis, MO, USA
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40
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Strontium-doped calcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite granules promote different inflammatory and bone remodelling responses in normal and ovariectomised rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84932. [PMID: 24376855 PMCID: PMC3871578 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The healing of bone defects may be hindered by systemic conditions such as osteoporosis. Calcium phosphates, with or without ion substitutions, may provide advantages for bone augmentation. However, the mechanism of bone formation with these materials is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the healing process in bone defects implanted with hydroxyapatite (HA) or strontium-doped calcium phosphate (SCP) granules, in non-ovariectomised (non-OVX) and ovariectomised (OVX) rats. After 0 (baseline), six and 28d, bone samples were harvested for gene expression analysis, histology and histomorphometry. Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), at six days, was higher in the HA, in non-OVX and OVX, whereas interleukin-6 (IL-6), at six and 28d, was higher in SCP, but only in non-OVX. Both materials produced a similar expression of the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL). Higher expression of osteoclastic markers, calcitonin receptor (CR) and cathepsin K (CatK), were detected in the HA group, irrespective of non-OVX or OVX. The overall bone formation was comparable between HA and SCP, but with topological differences. The bone area was higher in the defect centre of the HA group, mainly in the OVX, and in the defect periphery of the SCP group, in both non-OVX and OVX. It is concluded that HA and SCP granules result in comparable bone formation in trabecular bone defects. As judged by gene expression and histological analyses, the two materials induced different inflammatory and bone remodelling responses. The modulatory effects are associated with differences in the spatial distribution of the newly formed bone.
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41
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Nasser ME, Khaled HF, Kaddah EA, Elbadrawy AM, Mahdi SM, Sharobeem MA. Role of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis. EGYPTIAN RHEUMATOLOGY AND REHABILITATION 2013. [DOI: 10.4103/1110-161x.123809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Roche B, Vanden-Bossche A, Normand M, Malaval L, Vico L, Lafage-Proust MH. Validated Laser Doppler protocol for measurement of mouse bone blood perfusion - response to age or ovariectomy differs with genetic background. Bone 2013; 55:418-26. [PMID: 23571049 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The physiological role of bone vascularization in bone metabolism begins to be understood; however, its involvement in pathological situations remains poorly explored. Bone blood supply depends on both vascular density and blood flow. However, in mice, the specific evaluation of perfusion in bone suffers from a lack of easy-handling measurement tools. In the present study, we first developed a Laser Doppler Perfusion Measurement (LDPM) protocol in mouse tibia, which we validated with ex vivo and in vivo experiments. Then we carried out a study associating both structural (vascular quantitative histomorphometry) and functional (LDPM) approaches. We studied the effects of aging in 4, 7 and 17 month-old male mice and the early effects of ovariectomy in 4 month-old females. Both studies were carried out in inbred mice (C57BL/6) and in mice of mixed background (129sv/CD1). The significant differences we observed between strains in unchallenged 4 month-old animals concerned both perfusion and vascular density and depended on gender. Additionally, the age-related bone loss observed in male mice was not temporally associated with vascular changes in either strain. Between 7 and 17 months, we did not find any decrease in bone vascular density or perfusion. In contrast, ovariectomy triggered early vascular structural and functional adaptations which differed between genetic backgrounds. We observed that bone vessel density did not generally account for bone perfusion levels. In conclusion, we describe here a LDPM-based experimental protocol which provides a reproducible quantitative evaluation of bone perfusion in mouse tibia, hence allowing intergroup comparisons. This integrative structural and functional approach of bone vascularization showed that bone vascular adaptation occurs during aging or after ovariectomy and is affected by the genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Roche
- INSERM U1059, Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne F-42023, France.
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43
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Cardemil C, Omar OM, Norlindh B, Wexell CL, Thomsen P. The effects of a systemic single dose of zoledronic acid on post-implantation bone remodelling and inflammation in an ovariectomised rat model. Biomaterials 2012. [PMID: 23182921 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Bisphosphonates reverse the negative effects of ovariectomy on bone, but they have also been associated with adverse processes in human jawbone. The molecular events determining bone regeneration and implant integration in osteoporotic conditions, with and without bisphosphonate treatment, are unclear. In this study, ovariectomised rats, to which a single dose of saline (NaCl) or zoledronic acid (Zol) was administered, received titanium alloy implants in their tibiae and mandibles. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, gene expression analysis and histomorphometry were performed. The results show that ovariectomy, per se, upregulated the expression of genes denoting bone formation in the tibia, bone remodelling in the mandible and apoptosis in the tibia and mandible. Zoledronic acid administration resulted in lower levels of a remodelling marker in serum and downregulated gene expression for inflammation, bone formation, angiogenesis and apoptosis, mainly in the mandible, after 28 d of healing. Histomorphometry revealed improved bone-to-implant contact in the tibia, while the opposite was observed in the mandible. The present data show that a systemic single dose of zoledronic acid, in ovariectomised animals, results in site-specific differences in the regulation of genes involved in bone healing and regeneration in association with implant installation. These events occur in parallel with site-specific differences in the rate of osseointegration, indicating diverse tissue responses in the tibia and mandible after zoledronic acid treatment. The zoledronic acid effect on gene expression, during the late phase of healing in the mandible, suggests negative effects by the anti-resorptive agent on osseointegration at that particular site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Cardemil
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Box 412, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden.
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Clarkin CE, Gerstenfeld LC. VEGF and bone cell signalling: an essential vessel for communication? Cell Biochem Funct 2012; 31:1-11. [PMID: 23129289 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.2911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an endothelial cell survival factor and is required for effective coupling of angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Although central to bone homeostasis, repair and the pathobiology that affect these processes, the precise mechanisms coupling endothelial cell function within bone formation and remodelling remain unclarified. This review will (i) focus on the potential directionality of VEGF signalling in adult bone by identifying the predominant source of VEGF within the bone microenvironment, (ii) will summarize current VEGF receptor expression studies by bone cells and (iii) will provide evidence for a role for VEGF signalling during postnatal repair and osteoporosis. A means of understanding the directionality of VEGF signalling in adult bone would allow us to most effectively target angiogenic pathways in diseases characterized by changes in bone remodelling rates and enhance bone repair when compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Clarkin
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
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Ding WG, Yan WH, Wei ZX, Liu JB. Difference in intraosseous blood vessel volume and number in osteoporotic model mice induced by spinal cord injury and sciatic nerve resection. J Bone Miner Metab 2012; 30:400-7. [PMID: 22065237 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-011-0328-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we examined intraosseous blood vessel parameters of the tibial metaphysis in mice using microcomputed tomography (µCT) to investigate the relationship between post-nerve-injury osteoporosis and local intraosseous blood vessel volume and number. Mice were randomly divided into groups receiving spinal cord injury (SCI), sciatic nerve resection group (NX), or intact controls (30 mice/group). Four weeks after surgery, mice were perfused with silicone and the distribution of intraosseous blood vessels analyzed by μCT. The bone density, μCT microstructure, biomechanical properties, and the immunohistochemical and biochemical indicators of angiogenesis were also measured. The SCI group showed significantly reduced tibial metaphysis bone density, μCT bone microstructure, tibial biomechanical properties, indicators of angiogenesis, and intraosseous blood vessel parameters compared to the NX group. Furthermore, the spinal cord-injured mice exhibited significantly decreased intraosseous blood vessel volume and number during the development of osteoporosis. In conclusion, these data suggest that decreased intraosseous blood vessel volume and number may play an important role in the development of post-nerve-injury osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ge Ding
- Department of Orthopaedics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Changzhou 213001, China
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Zhao Q, Shen X, Zhang W, Zhu G, Qi J, Deng L. Mice with increased angiogenesis and osteogenesis due to conditional activation of HIF pathway in osteoblasts are protected from ovariectomy induced bone loss. Bone 2012; 50:763-70. [PMID: 22193550 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 12/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis is characterized by a reduction in the numbers of sinusoidal and arterial capillaries in the bone marrow and reduced bone perfusion suggesting a role of vascular component in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Previous studies have shown that bone formation and angiogenesis are positively coupled through activation of the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF1α) signaling pathway. Therefore, we hypothesized that mice with increased angiogenesis and osteogenesis due to activation of the HIF signaling pathway in osteoblasts, via osteoblast specific disruption of HIF degrading protein von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) (ΔVhl), are protected from ovariectomy induced bone loss. ΔVhl mice and control littermates were ovariectomized or sham operated and four weeks later bone quality was evaluated along with blood vessel formation. Trabecular and cortical bone volume was strikingly increased in ΔVhl mice along with blood vessel formation as compared to control littermates. In control mice, ovariectomy significantly decreased bone mineral density, deteriorated bone microarchitecture, and decreased mechanical strength compared to the sham operated control mice. This was accompanied with a significant decrease in blood vessel volume and expressions of HIF1α, HIF2α, and VEGF proteins at the distal femur in ovariectomized control mice. In contrast, ovariectomy in ΔVhl mice had absolutely no effect on either the blood vessel formation or the bone structural and mechanical quality parameters. These data indicate that activation of HIF signaling pathway in osteoblasts may prevent estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss and decrease in blood vessels in bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
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Roche B, David V, Vanden-Bossche A, Peyrin F, Malaval L, Vico L, Lafage-Proust MH. Structure and quantification of microvascularisation within mouse long bones: what and how should we measure? Bone 2012; 50:390-9. [PMID: 22019874 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2011.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Revised: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow vascularisation is involved in both remodeling and hematopoïesis. Challenged mouse models often require imaging and quantitative assessment of blood vessels and bone cell activities for a better understanding of the role of the vascular system. In this study we compared images of mouse hind limb long bone vascularisation after infusion of either barium sulfate or lead chromate-loaded silicon. The images were then analyzed through histology as well as low-resolution and synchrotron-radiation microtomography. We show that barium sulfate infusion provides the best vessel images and furthermore, that it is compatible with staining procedures used in bone histomorphometry and CD31 immunohistochemistry. Bone marrow vascularisation displays large structural and spatial distribution heterogeneity, including large lobular clusters of sinusoids and an unexpectedly substantial amount of capillaries in the adipocytes-rich distal third of the tibia. For an unbiased assessment of bone vascular development/changes, these features must be taken into account. We describe the conditions under which the quantification of microvascularisation on histological sections of barium-infused long bones is reproducible, as applied to seven-month-old male C57/Bl6J and mixed CD1/129Sv/J mice, and we propose a nomenclature for the histological parameters measured. Finally, we validate our technique by studying the effect of ovariectomy on mouse tibial vascular density.
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