1
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Grzelak N, Kaczmarek D, Mrówczyński W. Comparison of the effects of BDNF/TRKB signalling on metabolic biomarkers in the liver of sedentary and trained rats with normal and knockout BDNF genotypes. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1268648. [PMID: 38152248 PMCID: PMC10751318 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1268648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on the modulation of metabolic processes in the liver is poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether hepatic concentrations or activities of metabolic biomarkers depend on altered BDNF/TrkB content in the liver, resulting from different BDNF genotypes of rats. In addition, it was assessed whether 5-week moderate endurance training modifies the levels of BDNF/Trk-B signaling and studied hepatic markers. Methods: Experiments were performed on wild-type and heterozygous BDNF knockout (HET, SD-Bdnf) rats, which were divided into four groups: control with normal genotype (Bdnf+/+), control with BDNF knockout genotype (Bdnf+/-), trained with normal genotype (Bdnf+/+T) and trained with BDNF knockout genotype (Bdnf +/-T). BDNF/TrkB concentrations as well as selected metabolic biomarkers including lipids-total cholesterol (CHOL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TG); enzymes-alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP); hormones-insulin (INS) and leptin (LEPT) as well as interleukin-6 (IL-6) as regeneration indicator were measured directly in liver homogenates. Results and Discussion: The study showed that Bdnf+/- rats exhibited reduced BDNF/TrkB signaling (BDNF, p < 0.0001; Trk-B, p = 0.0005), altered lipid levels (CHOL, p < 0.0001; LDL, p < 0.0001; TG, p = 0.0006) and reduced hepatic ALAT (p = 0.0004) and GGT (p < 0.0001) activity, which may contribute to hepatic steatosis and obesity, as well as indicate impairment of specific metabolic pathways in the liver. Interestingly, endurance training did not alter hepatic BDNF and TrkB content, but improved ALAT (p = 0.0366) and ASAT (p = 0.0191) activities and increased hepatic IL-6 (p = 0.0422) levels in Bdnf +/- rats, suggesting enhanced liver regeneration in animals with BDNF allele loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Grzelak
- Department of Neurobiology, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Dominik Kaczmarek
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
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2
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Kanth Kadiyala N, Mandal BK, Kumar Reddy LV, Barnes CHW, De Los Santos Valladares L, Maddinedi SB, Sen D. Biofabricated Palladium Nanoparticle-Decorated Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Using the Punica granatum (Pomegranate) Peel Extract: Investigation of Potent In Vivo Hepatoprotective Activity against Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury in Wistar Albino Rats. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:24524-24543. [PMID: 37457483 PMCID: PMC10339435 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Acute acetaminophen (APAP) toxicity is a predominant clinical problem, which causes serious liver injury in both humans and experimental animals. This study presents the histological and biochemical factor and antioxidant enzyme level changes induced by an acute acetaminophen overdose in Wistar albino rat livers to elucidate the effective hepatoprotective potential of biofabricated palladium nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites (rGO/PdNPs-NC) compared to silymarin. After detailed characterization of the hepatoprotective potential of the synthesized rGO/PdNPs-NC, the rats were divided into eight groups (n = 6): control group (normal saline, 1 mL/kg b.w.), silymarin, Punica granatum (pomegranate) peel extract, PdNPs, reduced graphene oxide (rGO-PG), and reduced graphene oxide palladium nanocomposites (rGO/PdNPs-NC, low and high doses) for 7 successive days. The acetaminophen (APAP)-treated group was administered a single dose of acetaminophen (2 g/kg b.w.) on the 8th day. The histopathological results showed that the acetaminophen overdose group exhibited massive intrahepatic hemorrhagic necrosis around the centrilobular region with hepatocytes with vacuolization and swollen cytoplasm found in the liver architecture. This hepatopotential was further assessed by various biochemical parameters such as SGOT, SGPT, ALB, ALP, LDH, direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, and total protein. Also, the antioxidant parameters such as SOD, CAT, MDA, GSH, GRD, and GST were assayed. Rats of groups 7 and 8 showed a significant decrease in SGOT, SGPT, ALP, LDH, direct bilirubin, and total bilirubin (p < 0.001), while a significant increase in the final total protein and ALB as compared to group 2 rats (p < 0.001) was observed. The antioxidant parameters exhibited that rats of groups 7 and 8 showed a significant (p < 0.001) increase in the level of SOD, CAT, GSH, GRD, and GST without affecting the MDA as compared to group 2 rats. Also, the hepatoprotective potential of rGO/PdNPs-NC (low and high doses) was comparable to that of the standard reference drug silymarin. The present study reveals that the rGO/PdNPs-NC possesses significant hepatoprotective activity and acts as an effective and promising curative agent against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalinee Kanth Kadiyala
- Trace
Elements Speciation Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry,
School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute
of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Badal Kumar Mandal
- Trace
Elements Speciation Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry,
School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute
of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - L. Vinod Kumar Reddy
- Cellular
and Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular
and Molecular Theranostics, Vellore Institute
of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Crispin H. W. Barnes
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United
Kingdom
| | - Luis De Los Santos Valladares
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United
Kingdom
- Laboratorio
de Cerámicos y Nanomateriales, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Ap. Postal 14-0149 Lima, Peru
| | - Sireesh Babu Maddinedi
- Trace
Elements Speciation Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry,
School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute
of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Dwaipayan Sen
- Cellular
and Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular
and Molecular Theranostics, Vellore Institute
of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
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3
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Asif A, Ishtiaq S, Kamran SH, Youssef FS, Lashkar MO, Ahmed SA, Ashour ML. UHPLC-QTOF-MS Metabolic Profiling of Marchantia polymorpha and Evaluation of Its Hepatoprotective Activity Using Paracetamol-Induced Liver Injury in Mice. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:19037-19046. [PMID: 37273612 PMCID: PMC10233839 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Marchantia species were traditionally used to treat liver failure. Marchantia polymorpha chloroform extract showed a marked hepatoprotective activity in a dose-dependent manner in paracetamol-induced extensive liver damage in mice. At a dose of 500 mg/kg (MP-500), it resulted in a reduction in aspartate transaminase by 49.44%, alanine transaminase by 44.11%, and alkaline phosphatase by 24.4% with significant elevation in total proteins by 58.69% with respect to the diseased group. It showed significant reductions in total bilirubin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL), very LDL, total lipids, and to high density lipoprotein ratio (CH/HDL) by 53.42, 30.14, 35.02, 45.79, 34.74, 41.45, and 49.52%, respectively, together with a 37.69% increase in HDL with respect to the diseased group. It also showed an elevation of superoxide dismutase by 28.09% and in glutathione peroxidase by 81.83% in addition to the reduction of lipid peroxidation by 17.95% as compared to the paracetamol only treated group. This was further supported by histopathological examination that showed normal liver architecture and a normal sinusoidal gap. Metabolic profiling by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (UHPLC-QTOF/MS) led to the tentative identification of 28 compounds belonging to phenols, quinolones, phenylpropanoid, acylaminosugars, terpenoids, lipids, and fatty acids to which the activity was attributed. Four compounds were detected in the negative ionization mode which are neoacrimarine J, marchantin A, chitobiose, and phellodensin F, while the rest were detected in the positive mode. Thus, it can be concluded that this plant could serve as a valuable choice for the treatment of hepatotoxicity that further consolidated its traditional use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Asif
- Punjab
University College of Pharmacy, University
of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Saiqa Ishtiaq
- Punjab
University College of Pharmacy, University
of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Sairah Hafeez Kamran
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Fadia S. Youssef
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams
University, Abbasia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Manar O. Lashkar
- Department
of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safwat A. Ahmed
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez
Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Mohamed L. Ashour
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams
University, Abbasia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Pharmacy
Program, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
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El-Elimat T, Al-Tal BK, Al-Sawalha NA, Alsaggar M, Nusair SD, Al‐Qiam R, Al Sharie AH, El Hajji F, Hamadneh L. Sumc (Rhus coriaria L.) fruit ameliorates paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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5
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Sharma R, Jadhav M, Choudhary N, Kumar A, Rauf A, Gundamaraju R, AlAsmari AF, Ali N, Singla RK, Sharma R, Shen B. Deciphering the impact and mechanism of Trikatu, a spices-based formulation on alcoholic liver disease employing network pharmacology analysis and in vivo validation. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1063118. [PMID: 36466417 PMCID: PMC9709420 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1063118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Trikatu Churna (TC) comprising Zingiber officinale rhizome, Piper longum, and Piper nigrum fruit, is effective in treating liver diseases and has high nutraceutical values. However, the efficacy of TC in treating alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and its mechanism remain largely unknown. This study evaluated the hepatoprotective effects of different doses of TC as well as to identify the bioactive components and determine their mechanism of action against ethanol-induced ALD. A compound-target network analysis model of TC was established to identify its potential bioactive compounds and pathways that might regulate its hepatoprotective effects. Further, in-vivo studies were performed to validate the potential of TC (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg b.w.) in the treatment and management of ALD. The study revealed that both the dosages of TC demonstrate significant (p > 0.0001) hepatoprotective effects by improving body weight, total bilirubin, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum alkaline phosphate (ALP), total cholesterol, total protein, globulin, albumin, and liver morphology. The High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting of TC showed the presence of piperine. Network pharmacology identifies the role of TC in regulating various signaling processes including Advanced glycation end products-receptor for advanced glycation end products (AGE-RAGE), Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF-1), Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-Kappa B), and Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling to exert its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic role in managing ALD. Based on the bioinformatics analysis, some of the key targets of TC were found to be Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2 (PTGS2) or Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), Sirtuin 1 (SRT1), and caspase-3. These effects may serve as a novel therapeutic option for the treatment of ALD. These preclinical validation studies for the ethnopharmacological potential of TC in ALD treatment further paved the way for researchers to perform next-level translational and clinical studies. Further, in-depth experimental studies for the validation of these bioinformatics-based results will give a clearer picture of mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mangala Jadhav
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, R. A. Podar Ayurvedic Medical College, Mumbai, India
| | - Neha Choudhary
- Centre for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamsala, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), New Delhi, India
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar, Pakistan
| | - Rohit Gundamaraju
- ER Stress and Mucosal Immunology Lab, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Abdullah F. AlAsmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nemat Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajeev K. Singla
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bairong Shen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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6
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Xu B, Hao K, Chen X, Wu E, Nie D, Zhang G, Si H. Broussonetia papyrifera Polysaccharide Alleviated Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury by Regulating the Intestinal Flora. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132636. [PMID: 35807816 PMCID: PMC9268590 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver injury caused by an overdose of acetaminophen (APAP) is a major public health problem. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Broussonetia papyrifera polysaccharide (BPP) on liver injury and intestinal flora induced by APAP. The results showed that BPP could protect against APAP-induced liver injury, alleviate liver apoptosis, improve antioxidant capacity and enhance the liver’s detoxification ability to APAP. At the same time, BPP improved the intestinal flora disorder caused by APAP. More importantly, we found that the hepatoprotective effect of BPP disappeared after the depletion of gut microbiota in mice. Further, we reconstructed the intestinal flora structure of mice through fecal microbiota transplantation and found that the symptoms of APAP—induced liver injury were effectively alleviated. Overall, BPP was a potential hepatoprotective drug that could protect against APAP-induced liver injury and might be mediated by intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hongbin Si
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-136-8771-1878
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7
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The concerted elevation of conjugation reactions is associated with the aggravation of acetaminophen toxicity in Akr1a-knockout mice with an ascorbate insufficiency. Life Sci 2022; 304:120694. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Specific importance of low level dietary supplementation of Lypomyces starkeyi CB1807 yeast strain in red sea bream ( Pagrus major). ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Most probiotic yeast supplement in fish exhibit beneficial effect at ≤1% of the dietary proportion. This study aimed at evaluating the specific effects of Lypomyces starkeyi CB1807 yeast strain supplemented at ≤1% of dietary proportion on the performance of juvenile red sea bream (Pagrus major, 1.9 ± 0.04 g). Five diets were supplemented with yeast at graded levels of 0% (Control diet ‘CD1’), 0.05% (D2), 0.1% (D3), 0.5% (D4), and 1.0% (D5). After 45-days of feeding trial, significant (P<0.05) improvement was detected on final body weight (FBW) and body weight gain (BWG) in fish fed D3 and D5 compared to control. Low values of total cholesterol (T-Cho) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were recorded in fish groups fed on D2, D4, and D5, respectively. Fish fed on D3, D4 and D5 diets showed high (P<0.05) values of serum, mucus and liver lysozyme compared to control. Fish fed on D5 showed high values of Total immunoglobulin (Ig) compared to control. Fish fed on D2 showed strong correlation with biological antioxidant activity (BAP), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activity (CAT). The biological antioxidant potential (BAP) activity in fish fed on D2 was significantly higher compared to control (P<0.05). The reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROM) were significantly lower in fish fed on D2 and D3 compared to CD1 (P<0.05). Peroxidase activity was improved significantly (P<0.05) in fish fed on D3, D4 and D5 compared to control. The tolerance ability (LT50) of fish fed on D5 against low salinity stress were significantly higher compared to control (P<0.05). It was concluded that dietary benefits of spent L. starkeyi yeast at ≤1% showed considerable improvement in antioxidant capacity in red sea bream, P. major.
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9
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Sasikumar S, Chameettachal S, Kingshott P, Cromer B, Pati F. Influence of Liver Extracellular Matrix in Predicting Drug-Induced Liver Injury: An Alternate Paradigm. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:834-846. [PMID: 34978414 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In vitro drug-induced liver injury (DILI) models are promising tools for drug development to predict adverse events during clinical usage. However, the currently available DILI models are not specific or not able to predict the injury accurately. This is believed to be mainly because of failure to conserve the hepatocyte phenotype, lack of longevity, and difficulty in maintaining the tissue-specific microenvironment. In this study, we have assessed the potential of decellularized liver extracellular matrix (DLM) in retaining the hepatic cellular phenotype and functionality in the presence of a tissue-specific microenvironment along with its role in influencing the effect of the drug on hepatic cells. We show that DLM helps maintain the phenotype of the hepatic cell line HepG2, a well-known cell line for secretion of human proteins that is easily available. Also, the DLM enhanced the expression of a metabolic marker carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I (CPS1), a regulator of urea cycle, and bile salt export pump (BSEP), a marker of hepatocyte polarity. We further validated the DLM for its influence on the sensitivity of cells toward different classes of drugs. Interestingly, the coculture model, in the presence of endothelial cells and stellate cells, exhibited a higher sensitivity for both acetaminophen and trovafloxacin, a toxic compound that does not show any toxicity on preclinical screening. Thus, our results demonstrate for the first time that a multicellular combination along with DLM can be a potential and reliable DILI model to screen multiple drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyama Sasikumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502284, India.,Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Shibu Chameettachal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502284, India
| | - Peter Kingshott
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia.,ARC Training Centre Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), School of Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Brett Cromer
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Falguni Pati
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502284, India
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10
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He Q, Sun X, Zhang M, Chu L, Zhao Y, Wu Y, Zhang J, Han X, Guan S, Ding C. Protective effect of baicalin against arsenic trioxide-induced acute hepatic injury in mice through JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2022; 36:20587384211073397. [PMID: 35088608 PMCID: PMC8801635 DOI: 10.1177/20587384211073397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Baicalin (BA) is a kind of flavonoid that is isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, which has been verified to have hepatoprotective effects in some diseases. However, the role of BA in acute hepatic injury induced by arsenic trioxide (ATO) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective action of BA on acute hepatic injury induced by ATO and to probe its possible mechanism. Mice were pretreated with BA (50, 100 mg/kg) by gavage. After 7 h, ATO (7.5 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally to induce liver injury. After 7 days of treatment, serum and hepatic specimens were collected and assayed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of BA. Pathological sections and the liver function index indicated that ATO caused significant liver injury. The fluorescence of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress indicators showed that ATO also increased oxidative stress. The inflammatory markers in ATO-induced mice also increased significantly. Staining of the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling and apoptotic factor assay showed that apoptosis increased. However, with BA pretreatment, these changes were significantly weakened. In addition, BA treatment promoted the expression of proteins related to the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. The results suggest that BA can ameliorate acute ATO-induced hepatic injury in mice, which is related to the inhibition of oxidative stress, thereby reducing inflammation and apoptosis. The mechanism of this protection is potentially related to the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian He
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoqi Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Muqing Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Li Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yongchao Wu
- The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Shijiazhuang, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xue Han
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shengjiang Guan
- Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Shengjiang Guan, Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 3, Xingyuan Road, Luquan Economic Development Zone, Luquan District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, China.
| | - Chao Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Bethune International Peace Hospital of PLA, Shijiazhuang, China
- Chao Ding, Department of Cardiology, Bethune International Peace Hospital of PLA, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, China. Email
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11
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Dhurjad P, Dhavaliker C, Gupta K, Sonti R. Exploring drug metabolism by the gut microbiota: modes of metabolism and experimental approaches. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 50:224-234. [PMID: 34969660 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence uncovers the involvement of gut microbiota in the metabolism of numerous pharmaceutical drugs. The human gut microbiome harbours 10-100 trillion symbiotic gut microbial bacteria that utilize drugs as substrates for enzymatic processes to alter host metabolism. Thus, microbiota-mediated drug metabolism can change the conventional drug action course and cause inter-individual differences in efficacy and toxicity, making it vital for drug discovery and development. This review focuses on drug biotransformation pathways and discusses different models for evaluating gut microbiota role in drug metabolism. Significance Statement This review emphasizes the importance of gut microbiota and different modes of drug metabolism mediated by them. It provides information on in vivo, in vitro, ex vivo, in silico and multi-omics approaches for identifying the role of gut microbiota in the metabolism. Further, it highlights the significance of gut microbiota mediated metabolism in the process of new drug discovery and development as a rationale for safe and efficacious drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Dhurjad
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Chinmayi Dhavaliker
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Kajal Gupta
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Rajesh Sonti
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
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12
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Aghahowa S, Ozolua R, Bafor E, Obarisiagbon P, Isah A. Toxicological effect of Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapies plus Paracetamol in malaria patients. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:1930-1936. [PMID: 34926171 PMCID: PMC8649067 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following the paucity of safety reports in the use of Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapies (ACTs) plus paracetamol, the study assessed safety potential of artemether-lumefantrine (ALP), artesunate-amodiaquine (AAP), artesunate-mefloquine (AMP), artesunate-sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (ASPP) and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DHPP) combination with paracetamol in malaria patients. METHODS ACTs and paracetamol were administered concomitantly in conventional doses/regimen to randomly selected patients. Blood samples were collected from the ante-cubital vein before and after completion of therapies. Toxicity markers such as weights, glucose, lipids, renal electrolytes, liver enzymes and haematological indices were assessed using standard protocols. RESULTS The total numbers of participants were 57 patients. Male to female ratio was 1:1.1. Mean body weight and ages were 59.19 ± 1.39 kg and 42.86 ± 1.32 years respectively. The mean temperatures prior to and after therapy were 37.49 ± 1.02 °C and 37.50 ± 0.17 °C respectively. Mean parasitaemia before the commencement of therapy was 6282 ± 21.01 parasites/μl. Out of thirty-seven toxicological indices evaluated, twenty-four were significantly altered by ACTs plus paracetamol (P < 0.05). Increased serum toxicity markers due to the drug combinations were glucose (AAP, AMP), urea (ALP, ASPP), bicarbonate ion (ALP, AAP, AMP, ASPP), chloride ion (ALP, AAP, AMP), creatinine (ALP, AAP, AMP, ASPP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP, AAP), aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase (ALP, AAP, AMP, ASPP, DHPP), total protein (AMP, DHPP) and albumin (AMP, DHPP). Decreased serum toxicity markers due to the drugs were glucose (ALP, ASPP, DHPP), urea (AMP), bicarbonate ion (DHPP), chloride ion (ASPP, DHPP), creatinine (DHPP), alkaline phosphatase (AMP, ASPP, DHPP), total protein (ALP, AAP, and ASPP) and albumin (ALP, AAP, ASPP). Altered haematological indices were white blood cells, red blood cells, mean cell haemoglobin and platelets. CONCLUSION Since ACTs plus paracetamol altered human system, discrete selection is essential in managing uncomplicated malaria most especially in patients with co-morbid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.E. Aghahowa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - R.I. Ozolua
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - E.E. Bafor
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - P. Obarisiagbon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - A.O. Isah
- College of Medicine, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
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13
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Li J, Wang S, Duan J, Le P, Li C, Ding Y, Wang R, Gao Y. The protective mechanism of resveratrol against hepatic injury induced by iron overload in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 424:115596. [PMID: 34044072 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Excessive iron deposition can produce toxicity. Liver, as the main storage site of iron, is more vulnerable to excessive iron than other organs. Many studies have found that Resveratrol (RES) can effectively eliminate oxygen free radicals and resist lipid peroxide damage. However, studies investigating the mechanism of how RES prevents liver injury induced by iron overload are few. This study aims to observe the protective effect of RES on liver injury induced by iron overload in mice. Mice, except for the control group, received an intraperitoneal injection of iron dextran (50 mg/kg) every morning. The L-RES and H-RES groups received intragastric administration of low- and high-concentration RES solutions (20 or 50 mg/kg). The deferoxamine (DFO) group was intraperitoneally injected with DFO (50 mg/kg), while the control and iron overload groups were intraperitoneally injected with the same amount of normal saline every afternoon. Two weeks after continuous administration, iron-overloaded mice treated with high and low doses of RES significantly improved liver injury (GOT and GPT) and decreased LDH activity and MDA content and increased SOD and GSH activities (P < 0.01). Morphological tests showed that RES treatment can reduce liver iron deposition and improve liver pathological changes in iron-overloaded mice. Furthermore, RES treatment caused a significant decrease in Ft expression (P < 0.01). In conclusion, RES can alleviate liver injury in iron-overloaded mice. The mechanism may be related to improve the antioxidant capacity and reduce excess iron in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghan Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Simeng Wang
- College of Nursing, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Jiaqi Duan
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Peixin Le
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Chao Li
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Yongpei Ding
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China.
| | - Yonggang Gao
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China.
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14
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Lotfy M, Al-Hammadi R, Palakkott AR, Yasin J, Al-Hammadi S, Ksiksi T. Hepatoprotective potentials of Acridocarpus orientalis in mice. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-020-00184-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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15
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Kondo K, Yamada N, Suzuki Y, Hashimoto T, Toyoda K, Takahashi T, Kobayashi A, Sugai S, Yoshinari K. Enhancement of acetaminophen-induced chronic hepatotoxicity in spontaneously diabetic torii (SDT) rats. J Toxicol Sci 2020; 45:245-260. [PMID: 32404557 DOI: 10.2131/jts.45.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Some patients encounter hepatotoxicity after repeated acetaminophen (APAP) dosing even at therapeutic doses. In the present study, we focused on the diabetic state as one of the suggested risk factors of drug-induced liver injury in humans and investigated the contribution of accelerated gluconeogenesis to the susceptibility to APAP-induced hepatotoxicity using an animal model of type 2 diabetes patients. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and spontaneously diabetic torii (SDT) rats were each given APAP at 0 mg/kg, 300 and 500 mg/kg for 35 days by oral gavage. Plasma and urinary glutathione-related metabolites, liver function parameters, and hepatic glutathione levels were compared between the non-APAP-treated SDT and SD rats and between the APAP-treated SDT and SD rats. Hepatic function parameters were not increased at either dose level in the APAP-treated SD rats, but were increased at both dose levels in the APAP-treated SDT rats. Increases in hepatic glutathione levels attributable to the treatment of APAP were noted only in the APAP-treated SD rats. There were differences in the profiles of plasma and urinary glutathione-related metabolites between the non-APAP-treated SD and SDT rats and the plasma/urinary endogenous metabolite profile after treatment with APAP in the SDT rats indicated that hepatic glutathione synthesis was decreased due to accelerated gluconeogenesis. In conclusion, SDT rats were more sensitive to APAP-induced chronic hepatotoxicity than SD rats and the high susceptibility of SDT rats was considered to be attributable to lowered hepatic glutathione levels induced by accelerated gluconeogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Kondo
- Toxicology Research Lab., Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, JAPAN TOBACCO INC.,Department of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Naohito Yamada
- Toxicology Research Lab., Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, JAPAN TOBACCO INC
| | - Yusuke Suzuki
- Toxicology Research Lab., Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, JAPAN TOBACCO INC
| | - Tatsuji Hashimoto
- Toxicology Research Lab., Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, JAPAN TOBACCO INC
| | - Kaoru Toyoda
- Toxicology Research Lab., Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, JAPAN TOBACCO INC
| | - Tadakazu Takahashi
- Toxicology Research Lab., Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, JAPAN TOBACCO INC
| | - Akio Kobayashi
- Toxicology Research Lab., Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, JAPAN TOBACCO INC
| | - Shoichiro Sugai
- Toxicology Research Lab., Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, JAPAN TOBACCO INC
| | - Kouichi Yoshinari
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
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16
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Evaluation the multi-organs toxicity of methamphetamine (METH) in rats. TOXICOLOGIE ANALYTIQUE ET CLINIQUE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxac.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Oral andrographolide nanocrystals protect liver from paracetamol induced injury in mice. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Soltani S, Khodayar MJ, Yaghooti H, Salehcheh M, Mansouri E, Zeidooni L, Dehbashi F, Samimi A. Evaluation of the Protective Effects of Doxycycline on Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2019; 18:704-712. [PMID: 31531054 PMCID: PMC6706732 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2019.1100669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) toxicity threatens human health due to increased mortality associated with its overdose. Doxycycline (DC) because of its properties such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory can be a good therapeutic strategy to treat the acute toxicity induced by APAP. Male mice were divided into six groups in two periods of 3 h and 24 h as normal saline, APAP 400 mg/kg, DC 100 mg/kg and groups treated by 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg DC just before APAP, respectively. At the end of the 3 h and 24 h periods, the hepatic index, biochemical parameters including serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) activity and hepatic catalase activity, glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in liver and histopathological changes were evaluated. The results indicated that DC had no apparent effect on the hepatic index but significantly normalized the level of biochemical parameters and reduced APAP induced liver damage. Overall, it could be concluded that DC can inhibit or resolve harmful effects of APAP through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, more studies are needed to understand exact mechanism of DC and its application for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Soltani
- Faculty of Allied Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Khodayar
- Toxicology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hamid Yaghooti
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Salehcheh
- Toxicology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Esrafil Mansouri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Leila Zeidooni
- Toxicology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Dehbashi
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Azin Samimi
- Toxicology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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19
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Jeong TB, Kim JH, Kim SH, Lee S, Son SW, Lim Y, Cho JY, Hwang DY, Kim KS, Kwak JH, Jung YS. Comparison of toxic responses to acetaminophen challenge in ICR mice originating from different sources. Lab Anim Res 2019; 35:16. [PMID: 32257904 PMCID: PMC7081583 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-019-0017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is the most common antipyretic analgesic worldwide. However, APAP overdose causes severe liver injury, especially centrilobular necrosis, in humans and experimental animals. At therapeutic dosage, APAP is mainly metabolized by sulfation and glucuronidation, and partly by cytochrome P450-mediated oxidation. However, APAP overdose results in production of excess reactive metabolite, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), by cytochromes P450; NAPQI overwhelms the level of glutathione (GSH), which could otherwise detoxify it. NAPQI binds covalently to proteins, leading to cell death. A number of studies aimed at the prevention and treatment of APAP-induced toxicity are underway. Rats are more resistant than mice to APAP hepatotoxicity, and thus mouse models are mainly used. In the present study, we compared the toxic responses induced by APAP overdose in the liver of ICR mice obtained from three different sources and evaluated the usability of the Korl:ICR stock established by the National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation in Korea. Administration of APAP (300 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection into male ICR mice enhanced CYP2E1 protein expression and depleted hepatic GSH level 2 h after treatment accompanied with significantly increased level of hepatic malondialdehyde, a product of lipid peroxidation. Regardless of the source of the mice, hepatotoxicity, as evidenced by activity of serum alanine aminotransferase, increased from 8 h and peaked at 24 h after APAP treatment. In summary, hepatotoxicity was induced after the onset of oxidative stress by overdose of APAP, and the response was the same over time among mice of different origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Bin Jeong
- 1College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 South Korea
| | - Joung-Hee Kim
- 1College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 South Korea
| | - Sou Hyun Kim
- 1College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 South Korea
| | - Seunghyun Lee
- 1College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 South Korea
| | - Seung Won Son
- 1College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 South Korea
| | - Yong Lim
- 2Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Nursing and Healthcare Science, Dong-Eui University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Joon-Yong Cho
- 3Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- 4Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea
| | - Kil Soo Kim
- 5College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Kwak
- 6College of Pharmacy, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, Kyungsung University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Young-Suk Jung
- 1College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 South Korea
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20
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Salem GA, Alamyel FB, Abushaala FA, Hussain MS, Elnory KA, Abusheba H, Sahu RP. Evaluation of the hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antiepileptic activities of Chrysanthemum trifurcatum. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:109123. [PMID: 31234026 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Chrysanthemum trifurcatum is common to Mediterranean countries and widely-used in traditional medicine. Due to the scarcity of data about the pharmacological properties of C. trifurcatum, this present study was designed to determine the effects of C. trifurcatumethanolic extract (CEE) for its anti-nociceptive, anti-epileptic, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective activities in mice and rat models. We demonstrate that CEE contains alkaloids, carbohydrates, and flavonoids, and in a dose-dependent (300 and 500 mg/kg) manner exhibited significant reductions in paracetamol (PCM; 500 mg/kg)-induced increased serum AST, ALT and ALP levels, similar to as seen by silymarin (25 mg/kg). Additionally, CEE (300 mg/kg) elicited inhibition in acetic acid-induced abdominal writhes, delayed latency time to paw's licking in hot plate tests, exerted an anti-convulsant effect by prolonging the onset of clonic and tonic convulsions, and reduced pentylenetetrazole (PTZ; 80 mg/kg)-induced mortality. Moreover, CEE (500 mg/kg) exhibited a prominent reduction in carrageenan-induced paw edema. These studies indicate that CEE possesses profound central and peripheral analgesic, anti-convulsant, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal A Salem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, P.O. Box 44511, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misurata University, Misurata, P.O. Box 2478, Libya.
| | - Fathi B Alamyel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misurata University, Misurata, P.O. Box 2478, Libya
| | - Faraj A Abushaala
- Department of Micobiology, Faculty of Science, Misurata University, P.O. Box 2478, Libya
| | - Md Sarfaraj Hussain
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Khloud A Elnory
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misurata University, Misurata, P.O. Box 2478, Libya
| | - Hawa Abusheba
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misurata University, Misurata, P.O. Box 2478, Libya
| | - Ravi P Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45345, USA.
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21
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Ogunmoyole T, Oladele FC, Aderibigbe A, Johnson OD. Hepatotoxicity of Telfaria occidentalis root extracts on wistar albino rat. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01617. [PMID: 31111107 PMCID: PMC6512833 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigates the toxicity of Telfaria occidentalis root extracted with different solvents. This was with a view to validating its widely acclaimed use as poison in traditional parlance. Air-dried powdered root of Telfaria occidentalis was extracted separately with distilled water, methanol and diethyl ether. Twenty albino rats were randomly placed into four groups of five animals per group: Group I served as the positive control and were administered distilled water only while groups II, III and IV animals were administered 50 mg/kg body weight of aqueous, methanolic and diethyl ether extracts respectively for two weeks. Activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), superoxide dismutase and catalase were assayed in the liver homogenate and serum. Levels of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol as well as lipid peroxidation were also measured in the liver and serum of animals. Results showed that the level of AST, ALT, ALP as well as LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol in the serum of group IV animals increased significantly relative to the control group. Antioxidant enzyme biomarkers such as catalase and superoxide dismutase as well as lipid peroxidation were significantly increased in the serum of group IV animals relative to the control. The study concluded that toxicity of root extract of Telfaria occidentalis is solvent-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temidayo Ogunmoyole
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
| | | | - Ayonbo Aderibigbe
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Olaitan Daniel Johnson
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Auchi Polytechnic, Auchi, Edo State, Nigeria
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22
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Luo DD, Chen JF, Liu JJ, Xie JH, Zhang ZB, Gu JY, Zhuo JY, Huang S, Su ZR, Sun ZH. Tetrahydrocurcumin and octahydrocurcumin, the primary and final hydrogenated metabolites of curcumin, possess superior hepatic-protective effect against acetaminophen-induced liver injury: Role of CYP2E1 and Keap1-Nrf2 pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 123:349-362. [PMID: 30423402 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose-induced hepatotoxicity is tightly associated with oxidative stress. Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) and octahydrocurcumin (OHC), the primary and final hydrogenated metabolites of curcumin (CUR), possess stronger antioxidant activity in vitro. The present study was performed to investigate the potential and mechanism of OHC and THC against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in parallel to CUR. Our results showed that OHC and THC dose-dependently enhanced liver function (ALT and AST levels) and alleviated histopathological deterioration. Besides, OHC and THC significantly restored the hepatic antioxidant status by miring level of MDA and ROS, and elevated levels of GSH, SOD, CAT and T-AOC. In addition, OHC and THC markedly suppressed the activity and expressions of CYP2E1, and bound to the active sites of CYP2E1. Moreover, OHC and THC activated the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway and enormously enhanced the translational activation of Nrf2-targeted gene (GCLC, GCLM, NQO1 and HO-1) against oxidative stress, via inhibiting the expression of Keap1 and blocking the interaction between Keap1 and Nrf2. Particularly, OHC and THC exerted superior hepato-protective and antioxidant activities to CUR. In conclusion, OHC and THC possess favorable hepato-protective effect through restoring antioxidant status, inhibiting CYP2E1 and activating Keap1-Nrf2 pathway, which might represent promising antioxidants for the treatment of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Jin-Fen Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Jing-Jing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Jian-Hui Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China
| | - Zhen-Biao Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Jiang-Yong Gu
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China
| | - Jian-Yi Zhuo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Song Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Zi-Ren Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Dongguan Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Medicine, Dongguan, 523808, PR China.
| | - Zhang-Hua Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
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23
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El-Sayed AEKB, Aboulthana WM, El-Feky AM, Ibrahim NE, Seif MM. Bio and phyto-chemical effect of Amphora coffeaeformis extract against hepatic injury induced by paracetamol in rats. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:2007-2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4356-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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24
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Rizk MZ, Abo-El-Matty DM, Aly HF, Abd-Alla HI, Saleh SM, Younis EA, Elnahrawy AM, Haroun AA. Therapeutic activity of sour orange albedo extract and abundant flavanones loaded silica nanoparticles against acrylamide-induced hepatotoxicity. Toxicol Rep 2018; 5:929-942. [PMID: 30294554 PMCID: PMC6170219 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The current research aims to demonstrate the therapeutic effect of sour orange albedo extract (SOAE) and two flavanones loaded-tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) using sol-gel technique, in adose100 mg/kg body weight taken orally or45 days against acrylamide (ACR)toxicity in rats. This was achieved through measuring the activities of specific biochemical parameters related to liver functions in tissue of ACR intoxicated rats as compared to normal one. Liver functions included alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, antioxidants and oxidative stress biomarkers; superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione and lipid peroxide (malondialdehyde, MDA). Moreover, histological examination of liver was performed to confirm the biochemical findings. The present results clearly indicated disturbances in all biochemical parameters, such as increase in the liver function enzyme activities and MDA level. Results of ATPase enzyme activities revealed significant decrease in ACR intoxicated rats and liver biomarker enzymes declared significant decrease. On the other hand, treatment of intoxicated rats with the previous different nano-particles natural product demonstrated improvement in all biochemical parameters under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Z Rizk
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - D M Abo-El-Matty
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismalia, Egypt
| | - H F Aly
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - H I Abd-Alla
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, National Research Centre, Dokki12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - S M Saleh
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismalia, Egypt
| | - E A Younis
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - A M Elnahrawy
- Department of Solid State Physics, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622,Giza, Egypt
| | - A A Haroun
- Chemical Industries Res Division, National Research Centre, Dokki12622, Giza, Egypt
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25
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Heruth DP, Shortt K, Zhang N, Li DY, Zhang LQ, Qing Ye S. Genetic Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms with Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 367:95-100. [PMID: 30076262 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.248583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen is commonly used to reduce pain and fever. Unfortunately, overdose of acetaminophen is a leading cause of acute liver injury and failure in many developed countries. The majority of acetaminophen is safely metabolized in the liver and excreted in the urine; however, a small percentage is converted to the highly reactive N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI). At therapeutic doses, NAPQI is inactivated by glutathione S-transferases, but at toxic levels, excess NAPQI forms reactive protein adducts that lead to hepatotoxicity. Individual variability in the response to both therapeutic and toxic levels of acetaminophen suggests a genetic component is involved in acetaminophen metabolism. In this review, we evaluate the genetic association studies that have identified 147 single nucleotide polymorphisms linked to acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. The identification of novel genetic markers for acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity provides a rich resource for further evaluation and may lead to improved prognosis, prevention, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Heruth
- Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy (D.P.H., K.S., N.Z., L.Q.Z., S.Q.Y.), Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy (N.Z., D.-Y.L.), and Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (K.S., S.Q.Y.), University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri; Division of Cell Biology and Biophysics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Biological Sciences, Kansas City, Missouri (K.S.); and Department of Pediatrics, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China (N.Z.)
| | - Katherine Shortt
- Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy (D.P.H., K.S., N.Z., L.Q.Z., S.Q.Y.), Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy (N.Z., D.-Y.L.), and Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (K.S., S.Q.Y.), University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri; Division of Cell Biology and Biophysics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Biological Sciences, Kansas City, Missouri (K.S.); and Department of Pediatrics, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China (N.Z.)
| | - Nini Zhang
- Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy (D.P.H., K.S., N.Z., L.Q.Z., S.Q.Y.), Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy (N.Z., D.-Y.L.), and Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (K.S., S.Q.Y.), University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri; Division of Cell Biology and Biophysics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Biological Sciences, Kansas City, Missouri (K.S.); and Department of Pediatrics, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China (N.Z.)
| | - Ding-You Li
- Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy (D.P.H., K.S., N.Z., L.Q.Z., S.Q.Y.), Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy (N.Z., D.-Y.L.), and Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (K.S., S.Q.Y.), University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri; Division of Cell Biology and Biophysics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Biological Sciences, Kansas City, Missouri (K.S.); and Department of Pediatrics, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China (N.Z.)
| | - Li Q Zhang
- Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy (D.P.H., K.S., N.Z., L.Q.Z., S.Q.Y.), Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy (N.Z., D.-Y.L.), and Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (K.S., S.Q.Y.), University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri; Division of Cell Biology and Biophysics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Biological Sciences, Kansas City, Missouri (K.S.); and Department of Pediatrics, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China (N.Z.)
| | - Shui Qing Ye
- Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy (D.P.H., K.S., N.Z., L.Q.Z., S.Q.Y.), Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy (N.Z., D.-Y.L.), and Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (K.S., S.Q.Y.), University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri; Division of Cell Biology and Biophysics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Biological Sciences, Kansas City, Missouri (K.S.); and Department of Pediatrics, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China (N.Z.)
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Toba T, Suzuki R, Futamura-Takahashi J, Kawamoto Y, Tamura S, Kuroda M, Shimmyo Y, Kadokura M, Goto K, Inoue T, Muto T, Annoura H. Synthesis and evaluation of N-(4-benzylphenyl)piperazines as VGF inducers. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:2528-2532. [PMID: 29871846 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of compounds was discovered that induce the production of VGF mRNA in SH-SY5Y cells and exhibit cytoprotection under tunicamycin induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The aminophenol ring and linker chain of the template SUN N8075 (1) was modified to yield compounds with higher efficacy and lower propensity for adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Toba
- Asubio Pharma Co., Ltd., 6-4-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Ryosuke Suzuki
- Asubio Pharma Co., Ltd., 6-4-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | | | - Yoshito Kawamoto
- Asubio Pharma Co., Ltd., 6-4-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Shigeki Tamura
- Asubio Pharma Co., Ltd., 6-4-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Mariko Kuroda
- Asubio Pharma Co., Ltd., 6-4-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yoshiari Shimmyo
- Asubio Pharma Co., Ltd., 6-4-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Michinori Kadokura
- Asubio Pharma Co., Ltd., 6-4-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kazumichi Goto
- Asubio Pharma Co., Ltd., 6-4-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Teruyoshi Inoue
- Asubio Pharma Co., Ltd., 6-4-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Muto
- Asubio Pharma Co., Ltd., 6-4-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Annoura
- Asubio Pharma Co., Ltd., 6-4-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
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27
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Kalantari H, Foruozandeh H, Khodayar MJ, Siahpoosh A, Saki N, Kheradmand P. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of Capparis spinosa L. fractions and Quercetin on tert-butyl hydroperoxide- induced acute liver damage in mice. J Tradit Complement Med 2018; 8:120-127. [PMID: 29321999 PMCID: PMC5755993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigates the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of Capparis spinosa L. and Quercetin in tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) induced acute liver damage. Different fractions of C. spinosa were examined for total phenolic content and antioxidant property. Among these fractions, hydroalcoholic extract was used to assess the hepatoprotective effect in tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) induced hepatotoxicity model by determining serum biochemical markers, sleeping time and antioxidant assay such as reduced glutathione (GSH) as well as histopathological examination of liver tissues. The total phenolic and Quercetin contents of hydroalcoholic fraction were significantly higher than other fractions. It also showed high antioxidant activity. Pretreatment with hydroalcoholic fraction at the dose of 400 mg/kg and Quercetin at the dose of 20 mg/kg showed liver protection against t-BHP induced hepatic injury, as it was evident by a significant decrease in serum enzymes marker, sleeping time and MDA and an increase in the GSH, SOD and CAT activities confirmed by pathology tests. The final results ascertained the hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of C. spinosa and Quercetin in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, this study suggests that possible mechanism of this protection may be associated with its property of scavenging free radicals which may be due to the presence of phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heibatullah Kalantari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hossein Foruozandeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Khodayar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Amir Siahpoosh
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Najmaldin Saki
- Health Research Institute, Research Center of Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Parvin Kheradmand
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Tzankova V, Aluani D, Kondeva-Burdina M, Yordanov Y, Odzhakov F, Apostolov A, Yoncheva K. Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of quercetin loaded chitosan/alginate particles in vitro and in vivo in a model of paracetamol-induced toxicity. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 92:569-579. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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29
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Multi-targeted protection of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice by tannic acid. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 47:95-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Jin F, Wan C, Li W, Yao L, Zhao H, Zou Y, Peng D, Huang W. Formononetin protects against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity through enhanced NRF2 activity. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170900. [PMID: 28234915 PMCID: PMC5325199 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To examine the effects of formononetin (FMN) on Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury in vitro and in vivo. Human non-tumor hepatic cells LO2 were pretreated with either vehicle or FMN (20, 40 μM), for 6 h, followed by incubation with or without APAP (10 mM) for 24 h. In an in vivo assay, male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups: (1) control group; (2) APAP group; (3) APAP + FMN (50 mg/Kg); (4) APAP + FMN (100 mg/Kg). The mice in the control and APAP groups were pre-treated with vehicle; the other two groups were pretreated daily with FMN (50, 100 mg/Kg) orally for 7 consecutive days. After the final treatment, acute liver injury was induced in all groups, except the control group, by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 300 mg/Kg APAP. In LO2 cells, APAP exposure decreased the cell viability and glutathione (GSH) content, which were both greatly restored by FMN pretreatment. Overdose of APAP increased hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) content, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity in experimental mice. Supplementation with 100 mg/Kg FMN significantly reduced APAP-induced elevated levels of MDA (1.97 ± 0.27 vs 0.55 ± 0.14 nmol/mg protein, p < 0.001), ALT (955.80 ± 209.40 vs 46.90 ± 20.40 IU/L, p < 0.001) and AST (1533.80 ± 244.80 vs 56.70 ± 28.80 IU/L, p < 0.001), and hepatic GSH level (5.54 ± 0.93 vs 8.91 ± 1.11 μmol/mg protein, p < 0.001) was significantly increased. These results were further validated by histopathology and TdT-mediated biotin-dUTP nick-endlabeling (TUNEL) staining, pretreatment with 100 mg/Kg FMN significant decreased APAP-induced hepatocellular damage and cell apoptosis (36.55 ± 3.82 vs 2.58 ± 1.80%, p < 0.001). Concomitantly, FMN stimulated the expression of Nrf2 and antioxidant gene expression in the presence of APAP. These data provide an experimental basis for the use of FMN in the treatment of patients with APAP-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Jin
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Chunpeng Wan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Weifang Li
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Liangliang Yao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hongqian Zhao
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Yuan Zou
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Dewei Peng
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Weifeng Huang
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
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31
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Antioxidants of Phyllanthus emblica L. Bark Extract Provide Hepatoprotection against Ethanol-Induced Hepatic Damage: A Comparison with Silymarin. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:3876040. [PMID: 28168009 PMCID: PMC5267079 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3876040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Phyllanthus emblica L. (amla) has been used in Ayurveda as a potent rasayan for treatment of hepatic disorders. Most of the pharmacological studies, however, are largely focused on PE fruit, while the rest of the parts of PE, particularly, bark, remain underinvestigated. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the protective effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of Phyllanthus emblica bark (PEE) in ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity model in rats. Total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin content and in vitro antioxidant activities were determined by using H2O2 scavenging and ABTS decolorization assays. Our results showed that PEE was rich in total phenols (99.523 ± 1.91 mg GAE/g), total flavonoids (389.33 ± 1.25 mg quercetin hydrate/g), and total tannins (310 ± 0.21 mg catechin/g), which clearly support its strong antioxidant potential. HPTLC-based quantitative analysis revealed the presence of the potent antioxidants gallic acid (25.05 mg/g) and ellagic acid (13.31 mg/g). Moreover, one-month PEE treatment (500 and 1000 mg/kg, p.o.) followed by 30-day 70% ethanol (10 mL/kg) administration showed hepatoprotection as evidenced by significant restoration of ALT (p < 0.01), AST (p < 0.001), ALP (p < 0.05), and TP (p < 0.001) and further confirmed by liver histopathology. PEE-mediated hepatoprotection could be due to its free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity that may be ascribed to its antioxidant components, namely, ellagic acid and gallic acid. Thus, the results of the present study support the therapeutic claims made in Ayurveda about Phyllanthus emblica.
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32
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Krauss M, Schuppert A. Assessing interindividual variability by Bayesian-PBPK modeling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ddmod.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Raza H, John A. Differential Cytotoxicity of Acetaminophen in Mouse Macrophage J774.2 and Human Hepatoma HepG2 Cells: Protection by Diallyl Sulfide. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145965. [PMID: 26714183 PMCID: PMC4694617 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including acetaminophen (APAP), have been reported to induce cytotoxicity in cancer and non-cancerous cells. Overdose of acetaminophen (APAP) causes liver injury in humans and animals. Hepatic glutathione (GSH) depletion followed by oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are believed to be the main causes of APAP toxicity. The precise molecular mechanism of APAP toxicity in different cellular systems is, however, not clearly understood. Our previous studies on mouse macrophage J774.2 cells treated with APAP strongly suggest induction of apoptosis associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. In the present study, using human hepatoma HepG2 cells, we have further demonstrated that macrophages are a more sensitive target for APAP-induced toxicity than HepG2 cells. Using similar dose- and time-point studies, a marked increase in apoptosis and DNA fragmentation were seen in macrophages compared to HepG2 cells. Differential effects of APAP on mitochondrial respiratory functions and oxidative stress were observed in the two cell lines which are presumably dependent on the varying degree of drug metabolism by the different cytochrome P450s and detoxification by glutathione S-transferase enzyme systems. Our results demonstrate a marked increase in the activity and expression of glutathione transferase (GST) and multidrug resistance (MDR1) proteins in APAP-treated HepG2 cells compared to macrophages. This may explain the apparent resistance of HepG2 cells to APAP toxicity. However, treatment of these cells with diallyl sulfide (DAS, 200 μM), a known chemopreventive agent from garlic extract, 24 h prior to APAP (10 μmol/ml for 18h) exhibited comparable cytoprotective effects in the two cell lines. These results may help in better understanding the mechanism of cytotoxicity caused by APAP and cytoprotection by chemopreventive agents in cancer and non-cancerous cellular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haider Raza
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, PO Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- * E-mail:
| | - Annie John
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, PO Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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34
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Animal models of hepatotoxicity. Inflamm Res 2015; 65:13-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-015-0883-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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35
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Ahmed MME, Al-Obosi JAS, Osman HM, Shayoub ME. Overexpression of Aldose Reductase Render Mouse Hepatocytes More Sensitive to Acetaminophen Induced Oxidative Stress and Cell Death. Indian J Clin Biochem 2015; 31:162-70. [PMID: 27069324 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-015-0517-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) a commonly used drug for decrease the fever and pain but is capable to induced hepatotoxicity at over dose. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of APAP on the expression of anti-apoptotic and antioxidative defense genes, and whether aldose reductase over-expressing plasmid capable to protect against APAP-induced oxidative stress and cell death. APAP treatment induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity, and significantly increased aldose reductase mRNA and protein expression in mouse hepatocyte (AML-12). Unexpectedly, AML-12 cells over-expressing aldose reductase augmented APAP-induced reduction in cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, glutathione (GSH) depletion and glutathione S-transferase A2 expression. Moreover, over-expression of aldose reductase potentiated APAP induced reduction on proliferating cell nuclear antigen, B cell lymphoma-extra large (bcl-xL), catalase, glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1) and abolished APAP-induced B-cell lymphoma 2 (bcl-2) inductions. Further, over-expression of aldose reductase significantly abolished AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity in APAP-treated cells and induced p53 expression. This results demonstrate that APAP induced toxicity in AML-12, increased aldose reductase expression, and over-expression of aldose reductase render this cell more susceptible to APAP induced oxidative stress and cell death, this probably due to inhibition AMPK or bcl-2 activity, or may due to competition between aldose reductase and glutathione reductase for NADPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munzir M E Ahmed
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cell Biology and Tumor Cell Engineering, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 China ; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Gadarif University, 32211 Gadarif, Sudan
| | - J A S Al-Obosi
- Department of Pathology, Al-Yarmouk College, 11111 Khartoum, Sudan
| | - H M Osman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of National Ribat, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - M E Shayoub
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain is one of the most common reasons for consulting a physician. Chronic pain patients often suffer from a variety of comorbidities, such as depression and anxiety and they are therefore often simultaneously treated with more than one drug. The probability of drug interactions increases with every additional drug. MATERIAL AND METHODS A systematic internet and literature search up to February 2015 was carried out. Systematic lists were included. In addition, the drug prescription information sheets were used and an internet search via Pubmed and google.com was carried out for drugs alone and in combination in order to find substance-specific interactions. RESULTS A differentiation is made between pharmaceutical, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic drug interactions. Pharmaceutical interactions are caused by chemical, physical or physicochemical incompatibility of drugs or adjuvants used. These can even occur outside the body and during concomitant administration via the same route. A pharmacodynamic interaction in pain management is for example the additive sedative effect of opioids and benzodiazepines when taken together. Pharmacokinetic interactions occur during the absorption, distribution, metabolism and in the elimination phases. CONCLUSION Many drug interactions can be avoided by careful and continuous evaluation of pharmacotherapy and if necessary its adaptation; however, a sound knowledge of the underlying pharmacological mechanisms and the properties of currently used analgesics is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M J Syhr
- Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Universitätsklinikum, Goethe Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland
| | - B G Oertel
- Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Universitätsklinikum, Goethe Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland.,Fraunhofer-Institut für Molekularbiologie und Angewandte Oekologie - Projektgruppe Translationale Medizin und Pharmakologie (IME-TMP), Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland
| | - G Geisslinger
- Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Universitätsklinikum, Goethe Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland. .,Fraunhofer-Institut für Molekularbiologie und Angewandte Oekologie - Projektgruppe Translationale Medizin und Pharmakologie (IME-TMP), Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland.
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Kobayashi A, Kondo K, Sugai S. [Investigation of Predisposition Biomarkers to Identify Risk Factors for Drug-induced Liver Injury in Humans: Analyses of Endogenous Metabolites in an Animal Model Mimicking Human Responders to APAP-induced Hepatotoxicity]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2015; 135:655-62. [PMID: 25948298 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.14-00230-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury is a main reason of regulatory action pertaining to drugs, including restrictions to clinical indications and withdrawal from the marketplace. Acetaminophen (APAP) is a commonly used and effective analgesic/antipyretic agent and relatively safe drug even in long-term treatment. However, it is known that APAP at therapeutic doses may cause hepatotoxicity in some individuals. Hence great efforts have been made to identify risk factors for APAP-induced chronic hepatotoxicity. We investigated the contribution of undernourishment to susceptibility to APAP-induced chronic hepatotoxicity using an animal model. We employed daytime restricted fed (RF) rats as a modified-nutritional state model for human APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. RF and ad libitum fed (ALF) rats were given APAP at 0, 300, and 500 mg/kg for 3 months. Plasma and urinary glutathione-related metabolomes and liver function parameters were measured during the dosing period. Endogenous metabolites forming at different levels between the RF and ALF rats could be potential predisposition biomarkers for APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. In addition, RF rats were considered a useful model to estimate the contribution of nutritional state of patients to APAP-induced chronic hepatotoxicity. In this article we report our current research focusing on nutritional state as risk factor for APAP-induced chronic hepatotoxicity and our findings of hepatotoxicity biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Kobayashi
- Toxicology Research Lab., Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, JAPAN TOBACCO INC
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Ji L, Schüürmann G. Computational biotransformation profile of paracetamol catalyzed by cytochrome P450. Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 28:585-96. [PMID: 25548954 DOI: 10.1021/tx5003645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The P450-catalyzed biotransformation of the analgesic drug paracetamol (PAR) is a long-debated topic, involving different mechanistic hypotheses as well as experimental evidence for the metabolites N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), p-benzoquinone, acetamide, and 3-hydroxy-PAR. During the catalytic cycle of P450, a high-valent iron(IV)-oxo species known as Compound I (Cpd I) is formed as the ultimate oxidant, featuring two energetically close-lying ground states in the doublet (low-spin) and quartet (high-spin) spin states, respectively. In order to clarify the catalytic mechanism, a computational chemistry analysis has been undertaken for both the high- and low-spin routes, employing density functional theory (DFT) including PCM (polarized continuum-solvation model) that yields an approximate simulation of the bulk polarization exerted through the protein. The results demonstrate that hydrogen abstraction transfer (HAT) by the P450 oxidant Cpd I (FeO) is kinetically strongly preferred over the alternative pathways of an oxygen addition reaction (OAR) or two consecutive single-electron transfers (SET). Moreover, only the respective high-spin route yields N-acetyl-p-semiquinone imine (NAPSQI) as an intermediate that is converted to the electrophile N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI). By contrast, 3-hydroxy-PAR, acetamide, and p-benzoquinone as electrophilic and redox-active agent are formed predominantly in the low-spin state through reactions that do not involve NAPSQI. Thus, all experimentally observed PAR metabolites are in accord with an initial HAT from the phenolic oxygen, and NAPSQI should indeed be the precursor of NAPQI, both of which are generated only via the high-spin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ji
- †MOE Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,‡UFZ Department of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.,§Institute for Organic Chemistry, Technical University Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Strasse 29, 09596 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Gerrit Schüürmann
- ‡UFZ Department of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.,§Institute for Organic Chemistry, Technical University Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Strasse 29, 09596 Freiberg, Germany
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Dadkhah A, Fatemi F, Alipour M, Ghaderi Z, Zolfaghari F, Razdan F. Protective effects of Iranian Achillea wilhelmsii essential oil on acetaminophen-induced oxidative stress in rat liver. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:220-227. [PMID: 25243867 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.913298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch (Asteraceae) is widely used in Iranian traditional medicine. OBJECTIVE This in vivo study evaluates the hepatoprotective role of Iranian A. wilhelmsii oils against acetaminophen-induced oxidative damages in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The animals were divided into five groups: in negative control and control groups, the DMSO and 500 mg/kg acetaminophen were i.p. injected, respectively. In treatment groups, 100 and 200 mg/kg oils and 10 mg/kg BHT were given i.p. immediately after acetaminophen administration. Then, the hepatic oxidative/antioxidant parameters such as lipid peroxidation (LP), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) were measured in time intervals (2, 4, 8, 16, and 24 h) after administrations confirmed by histophatological consideration at 24 h. RESULTS The results indicated that acetaminophen caused a significant elevation in SOD activity (8-24 h) and LP and FRAP levels (4 h) paralleled with significant decline in GSH level (4 and 8 h). The apparent oxidative injury was associated with evident hepatic necrosis confirmed in histological examination. The presences of A. wilhelmsii oils (100 and 200 mg/kg) with acetaminophen mitigated significantly the rise in SOD, LP, and FRAP levels and restored the GSH compared with the group treated with acetaminophen. These were confirmed by histological examination indicating the hepatic necrosis reversal by the oils. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION It can be concluded that concomitant administration of A. wilhelmsii oils with acetaminophen may be useful in reversing the drug hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dadkhah
- Faculty of Medicine, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University , Qom , Iran
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Madi Almajwal A, Farouk Elsadek M. Lipid-lowering and hepatoprotective effects of Vitis vinifera dried seeds on paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Nutr Res Pract 2015; 9:37-42. [PMID: 25671066 PMCID: PMC4317478 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2015.9.1.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Red grape seeds as functional food are a good source of important bioactive components such as phenolics and antioxidants, which decrease oxidative stress that contributes to the pathogenesis of hepatotoxicity. The current study was conducted in order to evaluate the protective effect of red grape dried seeds (RGDS) on antioxidant properties, lipid metabolism, and liver and kidney functions of rats with paracetamol (750 mg/kg) induced hepatotoxicity. MATERIALS/METHODS RGDS was added to the basal diet at 5, 10, and 20%. Thirty five adult male rats were assigned to five groups (n = 7) for a six-week feeding period; group (1) normal control, group (2) induced control, groups (3, 4, and 5) fed a diet with RGPS at different levels, 5, 10, and 20%, respectively. At the end of the feeding period, animals' blood and tissues were collected for estimation of serum lipid profile, serum liver, and kidney biomarkers. The protection was measured by detecting lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) (in liver tissues), and liver histological examination. RESULTS The results showed a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in levels of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL-C), with a significant increase in level of high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) for RGDS groups compared to induced control. Rats administered a diet containing RGDS levels produced significant (P < 0.05) hepatoprotection by decreasing the activities of liver enzymes, kidney parameters, and lipid peroxidation, while levels of GSH, SOD, and CAT were increased significantly to near the normal levels. CONCLUSION The RGDS 20% group was more effective than others against hepatotoxicity of paracetamol, which may be attributed to RGDS total phenols and antioxidant contents, which were 1.438 mg and 1.231 mg, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Madi Almajwal
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Farouk Elsadek
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, Faculty of Home Economics, Helwan University, P.O. Box 11795, Cairo 11511, Egypt
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Dadkhah A, Fatemi F, Ababzadeh S, Roshanaei K, Alipour M, Tabrizi BS. Potential preventive role of Iranian Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch essential oils in acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2014; 55:37. [PMID: 28510973 PMCID: PMC5432762 DOI: 10.1186/1999-3110-55-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The essential oil of Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch (100 & 200 mg/kg b.w, i.p) was evaluated against acetaminophen induced hepatic injuries in rats. For this purpose, the activities of cytochrome P450 (CYP450), glutathione s-transferase (GST) and markers of liver injuries (ALT, AST, ALP) together with level of GSH measured analytically in time intervals (2, 4, 8, 16 & 24 h) after treatments confirmed by histophatological consideration in rat livers. RESULTS Administration of acetaminophen (500 mg/kg bw, i.p) significantly increased the activity of CYP450 concomitant with increasing the release of ALT and AST. Whereas, GSH level and GST activity were decreased significantly after acetaminophen treatment. Treatment of rats with Achillea wilhelmsii essential oils significantly modulate these parameters to normal values. Also, histophatological analysis of liver biopsies was consistent with the biochemical findings. CONCLUSION The data led us to conclude the curative potential of Achillea wilhelmsii essential oils against APAP induced hepatic injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Dadkhah
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran
| | - Faezeh Fatemi
- Nuclear Fuel Cycle Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Shima Ababzadeh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, IUMS, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kambiz Roshanaei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran
| | - Mahdi Alipour
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran
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El-Megharbel SM, Hamza RZ, Refat MS. Preparation, spectroscopic, thermal, antihepatotoxicity, hematological parameters and liver antioxidant capacity characterizations of Cd(II), Hg(II), and Pb(II) mononuclear complexes of paracetamol anti-inflammatory drug. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 131:534-544. [PMID: 24840496 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.04.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Keeping in view that some metal complexes are found to be more potent than their parent drugs, therefore, our present paper aimed to synthesized Cd(II), Hg(II) and Pb(II) complexes of paracetamol (Para) anti-inflammatory drug. Paracetamol complexes with general formula [M(Para)2(H2O)2]·nH2O have been synthesized and characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, conductivity, IR and thermal (TG/DTG), (1)H NMR, electronic spectral studies. The conductivity data of these complexes have non-electrolytic nature. Comparative antimicrobial (bacteria and fungi) behaviors and molecular weights of paracetamol with their complexes have been studied. In vivo the antihepatotoxicity effect and some liver function parameters levels (serum total protein, ALT, AST, and LDH) were measured. Hematological parameters and liver antioxidant capacities of both Para and their complexes were performed. The Cd(2+)+Para complex was recorded amelioration of antioxidant capacities in liver homogenates compared to other Para complexes treated groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy M El-Megharbel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Al-Haweiah, P.O. Box 888, Zip Code 21974, Taif, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Reham Z Hamza
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Moamen S Refat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Al-Haweiah, P.O. Box 888, Zip Code 21974, Taif, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt.
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Comparative Hepatoprotective Activity of Ethanolic Extracts of Cuscuta australis against Acetaminophen Intoxication in Wistar Rats. INTERNATIONAL SCHOLARLY RESEARCH NOTICES 2014; 2014:730516. [PMID: 27433518 PMCID: PMC4897053 DOI: 10.1155/2014/730516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the comparative hepatoprotective activity of crude ethanol extracts of Cuscuta australis against acetaminophen (APAP) intoxication. Thirty-six rats were randomly divided into six groups of 6 replicates: Group 1 which served as control received water. Group 2 was orally administered 835 mg/kg body wt. of paracetamol on day 8. Groups 3 and 4 were orally administered ethanolic extracts of the seed of Cuscuta australis in doses of 125 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg, respectively, for 7 days and then intoxicated as in Group 2 on the 8th day. Groups 5 and 6 received similar oral doses of Cuscuta australis stem extracts for 7 days and then intoxicated as in Groups 3 and 4. Group 2 rats showed severe periportal hepatic necrosis, significantly elevated serum hepatic injury markers, markedly increased lipid peroxidation, and decreased hepatic antioxidant enzymes activities. Remarkably, Cuscuta australis (seed and stem) extract pretreatments in Groups 3, 4, 5, and 6, most especially, the stem extract pretreatment in Groups 5 and 6, improved better the hepatic histoarchitecture, the hepatocellular, and the oxidative stress injury markers in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusively, ethanol extractions of Cuscuta australis stem appear to protect the liver from acetaminophen intoxication better than the seed counterpart.
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Ameliorative effect of pumpkin oil (Cucurbita pepo L.) against alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in albino rats. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjbas.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Sakeran MI, Zidan N, Rehman H, Aziz AT, Saggu S. Abrogation by Trifolium alexandrinum root extract on hepatotoxicity induced by acetaminophen in rats. Redox Rep 2014; 19:26-33. [PMID: 24191932 PMCID: PMC6837585 DOI: 10.1179/1351000213y.0000000068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acetaminophen (APAP) is a substance that harms human health by stimulating free radical production. This study investigated the ability of Trifolium alexandrinum root (TAR) extract to reduce the hepatotoxicity induced by APAP in rats. METHODS Animals were classified into four groups and treated for 6 weeks. Group 1: normal control-treated (saline); Group 2: TAR extract-treated (100 mg/kg); Group 3: APAP-treated; Group 4: APAP plus TAR extract. RESULTS APAP significantly elevated AST (aspartate amino transferase), ALT (amino alanine transferase), ALP (alkaline phosphatase), GGTP (gamma glutamyl transpeptidase), bilirubin, and malondialdehyde with a significant decrease in glutathione, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase compared with the control group. Administration of TAR extract combined with APAP improved the liver damage induced by APAP. Histopathological evidence, together with observed DNA fragmentation, supported the detrimental effect of APAP and the ameliorating effect of TAR extract on liver toxicity. CONCLUSION TAR extract has beneficial properties and can reduce the liver damage and toxicity induced by APAP. DISCUSSION Free radical mediated processes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases. The protective effect of TAR root extract on APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in rats appears to be related to inhibition of lipid peroxidation and enhancement of antioxidant enzyme levels, in addition to a free radical scavenging action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I. Sakeran
- Correspondence to: Mohamed I. Sakeran, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia. ; Shalini Saggu, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nahla Zidan
- Department of Home EconomicsFaculty of Specific Education, Kafr ElShaikh University, Kafr ElShaikh, Egypt
| | - Hasibur Rehman
- Department of BiologyFaculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Al Thbiani Aziz
- Department of BiologyFaculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shalini Saggu
- Department of BiologyFaculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
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Ingawale DK, Mandlik SK, Naik SR. Models of hepatotoxicity and the underlying cellular, biochemical and immunological mechanism(s): a critical discussion. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 37:118-133. [PMID: 24322620 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2013.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Liver is a primary organ involved in biotransformation of food and drugs. Hepatic diseases are a major worldwide problem. Hepatic disorders are mainly caused by toxic chemicals (alcohol), xenobiotics (carbon tetrachloride, chlorinated hydrocarbons and gases CO₂ and O₂) anticancer (azathioprine, doxorubicin, cisplatin), immunosuppressant (cyclosporine), analgesic anti-inflammatory (paracetamol, thioacetamide), anti-tubercular (isoniazid, rifampicin) drugs, biologicals (Bacillus-Calmette-Guerin vaccine), radiations (gamma radiations), heavy metals (cadmium, arsenic), mycotoxin (aflatoxin), galactosamine, lipopolysaccharides, etc. Various risk factors for hepatic injury include concomitant hepatic diseases, age, gender, alcoholism, nutrition and genetic polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 enzymes have also been emphasized. The present review enumerates various in vivo animal models and in vitro methods of hepatic injury using diverse toxicants, their probable metabolic pathways, and numerous biochemical changes viz. serum biomarkers enzymes, liver function, oxidative stress associated events like free radicals formation, lipid peroxidation, enzyme antioxidants and participation of cytokines (tumour necrosis factor-α, transforming growth factor-β, tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand), and other biomolecules (Fas and C-jun N-terminal kinase) are also discussed. The underlying cellular, molecular, immunological, and biochemical mechanism(s) of action responsible for liver damage (toxicity) are also been discussed. This review should be immensely useful for researchers especially for phytochemists, pharmacologists and toxicologists working on hepatotoxicity, hepatotoxic chemicals and drugs, hepatoprotective agents and drug research organizations involved especially in phytopharmaceuticals and other natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa K Ingawale
- Sinhgad Technical Education Society's, Sinhgad Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, S. No. 309/310, Off Mumbai-Pune Expressway, Kusgaon (Bk.), Lonavala, Pune 410 401, Maharashtra, India
| | - Satish K Mandlik
- Sinhgad College of Pharmacy, S. No. 44/1, Vadgaon (Bk.), Off Sinhgad Road, Pune 411 041, Maharashtra, India
| | - Suresh R Naik
- Sinhgad Technical Education Society's, Sinhgad Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, S. No. 309/310, Off Mumbai-Pune Expressway, Kusgaon (Bk.), Lonavala, Pune 410 401, Maharashtra, India.
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Cheedella HK, Alluri R, Ghanta KM. Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effect of Ecbolium viride (Forssk.) Alston roots against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in Albino Wistar rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jopr.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Role of the Nrf2-ARE pathway in liver diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:763257. [PMID: 23766860 PMCID: PMC3665261 DOI: 10.1155/2013/763257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The liver is a central organ that performs a wide range of functions such as detoxification and metabolic homeostasis. Since it is a metabolically active organ, liver is particularly susceptible to oxidative stress. It is well documented that liver diseases including hepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma are highly associated with antioxidant capacity. NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) is an essential transcription factor that regulates an array of detoxifying and antioxidant defense genes expression in the liver. It is activated in response to electrophiles and induces its target genes by binding to the antioxidant response element (ARE). Therefore, the roles of the Nrf2-ARE pathway in liver diseases have been extensively investigated. Studies from several animal models suggest that the Nrf2-ARE pathway collectively exhibits diverse biological functions against viral hepatitis, alcoholic and nonalcoholic liver disease, fibrosis, and cancer via target gene expression. In this review, we will discuss the role of the Nrf2-ARE pathway in liver pathophysiology and the potential application of Nrf2 as a therapeutic target to prevent and treat liver diseases.
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Mechanistic insights into the bioactivation of phenacetin to reactive metabolites: A DFT study. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2012.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Smolic M, Wu CH, Madadi S, Gupta N, Smolic R, Coash M, Smith J, Wu GY. Pharmacogenetic selection of transplanted human hepatocytes in immunocompetent rats. J Dig Dis 2012; 13:579-87. [PMID: 23107445 PMCID: PMC4676072 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-2980.2012.00632.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To introduce a genetic survival advantage for transplanted human hepatocytes over host cells in rats. METHODS Green fluorescent protein (GFP) was introduced into Huh-7 human hepatoma cells to create fluorescent GFP-Huh-7 cells. mRNA of CYP2E1, the enzyme that converts acetaminophen (APA) into hepatotoxic intermediates, was quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The effects of APA on GFP-Huh-7 and control Huh-7 cells were determined in a cell culture. Immunological tolerance was induced by the injection of GFP-Huh-7 cells into fetal rats in utero. The GFP-Huh-7 cells were transplanted after birth of the rats into tolerant rats followed by APA treatment. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and liver histological data were obtained. GFP-Huh-7 cells were detected by quantitive PCR and microscopy. RESULTS CYP2E1 mRNA levels in the GFP-Huh-7 cells were 2.7% of parental Huh-7 cells. In 1 mmol/L APA, parental Huh-7 cells decreased by 60% while GFP-Huh-7 cells increased to within 95% of untreated controls after 5 days. In rats in which GFP-Huh-7 cells were transplanted and treated with APA, serum ALT increased to a peak of 200 U/L on day 1 and returned to normal levels by day 3. Fluorescence microscopy of liver specimens from rats transplanted with GFP-Huh-7 cells showed substantial increases in GFP-Huh-7, but not Huh-7 cells by day 7 after APA treatment. Real-time PCR confirmed a 10-fold increase of GFP mRNA in APA-treated rats, but not in those without APA treatment. CONCLUSIONS The difference in CYP2E1 gene expression between GFP-Huh-7 and rat hepatocytes provides a convenient means for the enrichment of transplanted human cells in rat liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Smolic
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030-1845, USA
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