1
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Jackson LE, Tomlinson JL, Alva-Ruiz R, Gregory LA, Byeon SK, Abdelrahman AM, Mun DG, Grant CW, Fogarty ZC, Wang C, Roberts LR, Graham RP, Borad MJ, Ilyas SI, Gores GJ, Pandey A, Athreya AP, Smoot RL. Metabolome-wide association identifies altered metabolites and metabolic pathways in the serum of patients with cholangiocarcinoma. JHEP Rep 2024; 6:101068. [PMID: 38882601 PMCID: PMC11179355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2024.101068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Metabolomic and lipidomic analyses provide an opportunity for novel biological insights. Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) remains a highly lethal cancer with limited response to systemic, targeted, and immunotherapeutic approaches. Using a global metabolomics and lipidomics platform, this study aimed to discover and characterize metabolomic variations and associated pathway derangements in patients with CCA. Methods Leveraging a biospecimen collection, including samples from patients with digestive diseases and normal controls, global serum metabolomic and lipidomic profiling was performed on 213 patients with CCA and 98 healthy controls. The CCA cohort of patients included representation of intrahepatic, perihilar, and distal CCA tumours. Metabolome-wide association studies utilizing multivariable linear regression were used to perform case-control comparisons, followed by pathway enrichment analysis, CCA subtype analysis, and disease stage analysis. The impact of biliary obstruction was evaluated by repeating analyses in subsets of patients only with normal bilirubin levels. Results Of the 420 metabolites that discriminated patients with CCA from controls, decreased abundance of cysteine-glutathione disulfide was most closely associated with CCA. Additional conjugated bile acid species were found in increased abundance even in the absence of clinically relevant biliary obstruction denoted by elevated serum bilirubin levels. Pathway enrichment analysis also revealed alterations in caffeine metabolism and mitochondrial redox-associated pathways in the serum of patients with CCA. Conclusions The presented metabolomic and lipidomic profiling demonstrated multiple alterations in the serum of patients with CCA. These exploratory data highlight novel metabolic pathways in CCA and support future work in therapeutic targeting of these pathways and the development of a precision biomarker panel for diagnosis. Impact and implications Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a highly lethal hepatobiliary cancer with limited treatment response, highlighting the need for a better understanding of the disease biology. Using a global metabolomics and lipidomics platform, we characterized distinct changes in the serum of 213 patients with CCA compared with healthy controls. The results of this study elucidate novel metabolic pathways in CCA. These findings benefit stakeholders in both the clinical and research realms by providing a foundation for improved disease diagnostics and identifying novel targets for therapeutic design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linsey E Jackson
- Center For Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | - Seul Kee Byeon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Dong-Gi Mun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Caroline W Grant
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Zachary C Fogarty
- Department of Computational Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lewis R Roberts
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rondell P Graham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mitesh J Borad
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Sumera I Ilyas
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Gregory J Gores
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Center For Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Arjun P Athreya
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rory L Smoot
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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2
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Milivojac T, Grabež M, Krivokuća A, Maličević U, Gajić Bojić M, Đukanović Đ, Uletilović S, Mandić-Kovačević N, Cvjetković T, Barudžija M, Vojinović N, Šmitran A, Amidžić L, Stojiljković MP, Čolić M, Mikov M, Škrbić R. Ursodeoxycholic and chenodeoxycholic bile acids attenuate systemic and liver inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide in rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-04994-2. [PMID: 38578526 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-04994-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces general inflammation, by activating pathways involving cytokine production, blood coagulation, complement system activation, and acute phase protein release. The key cellular players are leukocytes and endothelial cells, that lead to tissue injury and organ failure. The aim of this study was to explore the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cytoprotective properties of two bile acids, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) in LPS-induced endotoxemia in rats. The experiment involved six distinct groups of Wistar rats, each subjected to different pretreatment conditions: control and LPS groups were pretreated with propylene glycol, as a bile acid solvent, while the other groups were pretreated with UDCA or CDCA for 10 days followed by an LPS injection on day 10. The results showed that both UDCA and CDCA reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines: TNF-α, GM-CSF, IL-2, IFNγ, IL-6, and IL-1β and expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) induced by LPS. In addition, pretreatment with these bile acids showed a positive impact on lipid profiles, a decrease in ICAM levels, an increase in antioxidant activity (SOD, |CAT, GSH), and a decrease in prooxidant markers (H2O2 and O2-). Furthermore, both bile acids alleviated LPS-induced liver injury. While UDCA and CDCA pretreatment attenuated homocysteine levels in LPS-treated rats, only UDCA pretreatment showed reductions in other serum biochemical markers, including creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and high-sensitivity troponin I. It can be concluded that both, UDCA and CDCA, although exerted slightly different effects, can prevent the inflammatory responses induced by LPS, improve oxidative stress status, and attenuate LPS-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Milivojac
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - M Grabež
- Department of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - A Krivokuća
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - U Maličević
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - M Gajić Bojić
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Đ Đukanović
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - S Uletilović
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Republic of Srpska, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - N Mandić-Kovačević
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - T Cvjetković
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Republic of Srpska, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - M Barudžija
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, The Republic of Srpska, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - N Vojinović
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - A Šmitran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, The Republic of Srpska, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Lj Amidžić
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - M P Stojiljković
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - M Čolić
- Medical Faculty Foča, University of East Sarajevo, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M Mikov
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - R Škrbić
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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Chi S, Flowers CR, Li Z, Huang X, Wei P. MASH: MEDIATION ANALYSIS OF SURVIVAL OUTCOME AND HIGH-DIMENSIONAL OMICS MEDIATORS WITH APPLICATION TO COMPLEX DISEASES. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.08.22.554286. [PMID: 37662296 PMCID: PMC10473652 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.22.554286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Environmental exposures such as cigarette smoking influence health outcomes through intermediate molecular phenotypes, such as the methylome, transcriptome, and metabolome. Mediation analysis is a useful tool for investigating the role of potentially high-dimensional intermediate phenotypes in the relationship between environmental exposures and health outcomes. However, little work has been done on mediation analysis when the mediators are high-dimensional and the outcome is a survival endpoint, and none of it has provided a robust measure of total mediation effect. To this end, we propose an estimation procedure for Mediation Analysis of Survival outcome and High-dimensional omics mediators (MASH) based on sure independence screening for putative mediator variable selection and a second-moment-based measure of total mediation effect for survival data analogous to the R 2 measure in a linear model. Extensive simulations showed good performance of MASH in estimating the total mediation effect and identifying true mediators. By applying MASH to the metabolomics data of 1919 subjects in the Framingham Heart Study, we identified five metabolites as mediators of the effect of cigarette smoking on coronary heart disease risk (total mediation effect, 51.1%) and two metabolites as mediators between smoking and risk of cancer (total mediation effect, 50.7%). Application of MASH to a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma genomics data set identified copy-number variations for eight genes as mediators between the baseline International Prognostic Index score and overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunyi Chi
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher R Flowers
- Department of Lymphoma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Ziyi Li
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xuelin Huang
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peng Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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4
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Cossiga V, Guarino M, Capasso M, Morisco F. Relevance of Bile Acids in Cholangiocarcinoma Pathogenesis: Critical Revision and Future Directions. Cells 2023; 12:1576. [PMID: 37371045 PMCID: PMC10296882 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a highly heterogeneous cancer, is the second most common type of primary liver cancer. It is characterized by resistance to therapy and poor prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate lower than 20%. The pathogenesis of CCA is complex and multifactorial, and in recent years, bile acids (BAs) have been implicated in CCA development and prognosis. BAs belong to a category of amphipathic compounds that hold significant importance as signaling molecules and inflammatory agents. They possess the ability to activate transcriptional factors and cellular signaling pathways, thereby governing the regulation of lipid, glucose, and energy metabolism in diverse human disorders. These disorders encompass chronic liver diseases among other conditions. In this review, we provided an update on the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms involving BAs in cholangiocarcinogenesis. Additionally, we analyzed the role of gut and biliary microbiota in CCA pathogenesis. Future research is required to better understand how to modulate BA activity and, possibly, identify new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Filomena Morisco
- Diseases of the Liver and Biliary System Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.C.); (M.G.); (M.C.)
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5
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Ahmad F, Saha P, Singh V, Wahid M, Mandal RK, Nath Mishra B, Fagoonee S, Haque S. Diet as a modifiable factor in tumorigenesis: Focus on microbiome-derived bile acid metabolites and short-chain fatty acids. Food Chem 2023; 410:135320. [PMID: 36610090 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Several lines of evidences have implicated the resident microbiome as a key factor in the modulation of host physiology and pathophysiology; including the resistance to cancers. Gut microbiome heavily influences host lipid homeostasis by their modulatory effects on the metabolism of bile acids (BAs). Microbiota-derived BA metabolites such as deoxycholic acid (DCA), lithocholic acid (LCA), and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) are implicated in the pathogeneses of various cancer types. The pathogenic mechanisms are multimodal in nature, with widespread influences on the host immunes system, cell survival and growth signalling and DNA damage. On the other hand, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by the resident microbial activity on indigestible dietary fibres as well as during intermittent fasting regimens (such as the Ramazan fasting) elicit upregulation of the beneficial anti-inflammatory and anticancer pathways in the host. The present review first provides a brief overview of the molecular mechanisms of microbiota-derived lipid metabolites in promotion of tumour development. The authors then discuss the potential of diet as a therapeutic route for beneficial alteration of microbiota and the consequent changes in the production of SCFAs, particularly butyrate, in relation to the cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India.
| | - Priyanka Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Vineeta Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow 226021 (Uttar Pradesh), India
| | - Mohd Wahid
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raju K Mandal
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bhartendu Nath Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow 226021 (Uttar Pradesh), India
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR), Molecular Biotechnology Center, Turin, Italy
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
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Bragazzi MC, Venere R, Vignone A, Alvaro D, Cardinale V. Role of the Gut–Liver Axis in the Pathobiology of Cholangiopathies: Basic and Clinical Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076660. [PMID: 37047635 PMCID: PMC10095354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The “Gut–Liver Axis” refers to the physiological bidirectional interplay between the gut and its microbiota and the liver which, in health, occurs thanks to a condition of immune tolerance. In recent years, several studies have shown that, in case of a change in gut bacterial homeostasis or impairment of intestinal barrier functions, cholangiocytes, which are the epithelial cells lining the bile ducts, activate innate immune responses against gut-derived microorganisms or bacterial products that reach the liver via enterohepatic circulation. Intestinal dysbiosis or impaired intestinal barrier functions cause cholangiocytes to be exposed to an increasing amount of microorganisms that can reactivate inflammatory responses, thus inducing the onset of liver fibrosis. The present review focuses on the role of the gut–liver axis in the pathogenesis of cholangiopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Consiglia Bragazzi
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome Polo Pontino, 04100 Roma, Italy
| | - Rosanna Venere
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome Polo Pontino, 04100 Roma, Italy
| | - Anthony Vignone
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Roma, Italy
| | - Domenico Alvaro
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Roma, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cardinale
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Roma, Italy
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7
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Qi L, Chen Y. Circulating Bile Acids as Biomarkers for Disease Diagnosis and Prevention. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:251-270. [PMID: 36374935 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Bile acids (BAs) are pivotal signaling molecules that regulate energy metabolism and inflammation. Recent epidemiological studies have reported specific alterations in circulating BA profiles in certain disease states, including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and Alzheimer disease (AD). In the past decade, breakthroughs have been made regarding the translation of BA profiling into clinical use for disease prediction. In this review, we summarize and synthesize recent data on variation in circulating BA profiles in patients with various diseases to evaluate the value of these biomarkers in human plasma for early diagnosis. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION This review is based on a collection of primary and review literature gathered from a PubMed search for BAs, obesity, T2DM, insulin resistance (IR), NAFLD, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), colon cancer, and AD, among other keywords. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Individuals with obesity, T2DM, HCC, CCA, or AD showed specific alterations in circulating BA profiles. These alterations may have existed long before the initial diagnosis of these diseases. The intricate relationship between obesity, IR, and NAFLD complicates the establishment of clear and independent associations between BA profiles and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Alterations in the levels of total BAs and several BA species were seen across the entire spectrum of NAFLD, demonstrating significant increases with the worsening of histological features. CONCLUSIONS Aberrant circulating BA profiles are an early event in the onset and progression of obesity, T2DM, HCC, and AD. The pleiotropic effects of BAs explain these broad connections. Circulating BA profiles could provide a basis for the development of biomarkers for the diagnosis and prevention of a wide range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qi
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
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8
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Transcriptome and targeted metabolome analysis provide insights into bile acids' new roles and mechanisms on fat deposition and meat quality in lamb. Food Res Int 2022; 162:111941. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Ceci L, Zhou T, Lenci I, Meadows V, Kennedy L, Li P, Ekser B, Milana M, Zhang W, Wu C, Sato K, Chakraborty S, Glaser SS, Francis H, Alpini G, Baiocchi L. Molecular Mechanisms Linking Risk Factors to Cholangiocarcinoma Development. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1442. [PMID: 35326593 PMCID: PMC8945938 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The poor prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma in humans is related to several factors, such as (i) the heterogeneity of the disease, (ii) the late onset of symptoms and (iii) the limited comprehension of the carcinogenic pathways determining neoplastic changes, which all limit the pursuit of appropriate treatment. Several risk factors have been recognized, including different infective, immune-mediated, and dysmorphogenic disorders of the biliary tree. In this review, we report the details of possible mechanisms that lead a specific premalignant pathological condition to become cholangiocarcinoma. For instance, during liver fluke infection, factors secreted from the worms may play a major role in pathogenesis. In primary sclerosing cholangitis, deregulation of histamine and bile-acid signaling may determine important changes in cellular pathways. The study of these molecular events may also shed some light on the pathogenesis of sporadic (unrelated to risk factors) forms of cholangiocarcinoma, which represent the majority (nearly 75%) of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Ceci
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (L.C.); (T.Z.); (V.M.); (L.K.); (K.S.); (H.F.)
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (L.C.); (T.Z.); (V.M.); (L.K.); (K.S.); (H.F.)
| | - Ilaria Lenci
- Unit of Hepatology, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (I.L.); (M.M.)
| | - Vik Meadows
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (L.C.); (T.Z.); (V.M.); (L.K.); (K.S.); (H.F.)
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (L.C.); (T.Z.); (V.M.); (L.K.); (K.S.); (H.F.)
- Department of Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (P.L.); (B.E.); (W.Z.)
| | - Burcin Ekser
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (P.L.); (B.E.); (W.Z.)
| | - Martina Milana
- Unit of Hepatology, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (I.L.); (M.M.)
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (P.L.); (B.E.); (W.Z.)
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Keisaku Sato
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (L.C.); (T.Z.); (V.M.); (L.K.); (K.S.); (H.F.)
| | - Sanjukta Chakraborty
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA; (S.C.); (S.S.G.)
| | - Shannon S. Glaser
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA; (S.C.); (S.S.G.)
| | - Heather Francis
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (L.C.); (T.Z.); (V.M.); (L.K.); (K.S.); (H.F.)
- Department of Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (L.C.); (T.Z.); (V.M.); (L.K.); (K.S.); (H.F.)
- Department of Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Leonardo Baiocchi
- Unit of Hepatology, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (I.L.); (M.M.)
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Paul B, Lewinska M, Andersen JB. Lipid alterations in chronic liver disease and liver cancer. JHEP Rep 2022; 4:100479. [PMID: 35469167 PMCID: PMC9034302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2022.100479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipids are a complex and diverse group of molecules with crucial roles in many physiological processes, as well as in the onset, progression, and maintenance of cancers. Fatty acids and cholesterol are the building blocks of lipids, orchestrating these crucial metabolic processes. In the liver, lipid alterations are prevalent as a cause and consequence of chronic hepatitis B and C virus infections, alcoholic hepatitis, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and steatohepatitis. Recent developments in lipidomics have also revealed that dynamic changes in triacylglycerols, phospholipids, sphingolipids, ceramides, fatty acids, and cholesterol are involved in the development and progression of primary liver cancer. Accordingly, the transcriptional landscape of lipid metabolism suggests a carcinogenic role of increasing fatty acids and sterol synthesis. However, limited mechanistic insights into the complex nature of the hepatic lipidome have so far hindered the development of effective therapies.
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11
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Biliary Diseases from the Microbiome Perspective: How Microorganisms Could Change the Approach to Benign and Malignant Diseases. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020312. [PMID: 35208765 PMCID: PMC8877314 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence regarding microbiota is modifying the cornerstones on pathogenesis and the approaches to several gastrointestinal diseases, including biliary diseases. The burden of biliary diseases, indeed, is progressively increasing, considering that gallstone disease affects up to 20% of the European population. At the same time, neoplasms of the biliary system have an increasing incidence and poor prognosis. Framing the specific state of biliary eubiosis or dysbiosis is made difficult by the use of heterogeneous techniques and the sometimes unwarranted invasive sampling in healthy subjects. The influence of the microbial balance on the health status of the biliary tract could also account for some of the complications surrounding the post-liver-transplant phase. The aim of this extensive narrative review is to summarize the current evidence on this topic, to highlight gaps in the available evidence in order to guide further clinical research in these settings, and, eventually, to provide new tools to treat biliary lithiasis, biliopancreatic cancers, and even cholestatic disease.
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12
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Fu J, Yu M, Xu W, Yu S. Research Progress of Bile Acids in Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 11:778258. [PMID: 35127481 PMCID: PMC8810494 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.778258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) were originally known as detergents to facilitate the digestion and absorption of lipids. And our current knowledge of BAs has been extended to potential carcinogenic or cancer suppressor factors due to constant research. In fact, BAs were regarded as a tumor promoters as early as the 1940s. Differential bile acid signals emitted by various bile acid profiles can produce distinct pathophysiological traits, thereby participating in the occurrence and development of tumors. Nevertheless, in recent years, more and more studies have noticed the value of BAs as therapeutic targets. And several studies have applied BAs as a therapeutic agent for various diseases including cancer. Based on the above evidence, we acknowledge that the role of BAs in cancer has yet to be exploited, although considerable efforts have been made to probe the functions of BAs. In this review, we describe the characteristics of BAs as a double-edged sword in cancer, hoping to provide references for future cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Fu
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Wenxia Xu
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Shian Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
- *Correspondence: Shian Yu,
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13
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Gong Y, Li K, Qin Y, Zeng K, Liu J, Huang S, Chen Y, Yu H, Liu W, Ye L, Yang Y. Norcholic Acid Promotes Tumor Progression and Immune Escape by Regulating Farnesoid X Receptor in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:711448. [PMID: 34888230 PMCID: PMC8648605 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.711448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows a close association between various types of bile acids (BAs) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and they have been revealed to affect tumor immune response and progression mainly by regulating Farnesoid X receptor (FXR). Nevertheless, the roles of Norcholic acid(NorCA) in HCC progression remain unknown yet. In this study, herein we demonstrate that NorCA can promote HCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion through negatively regulating FXR. Additionally, NorCA can increase PD-L1 level on the surfaces of HCC cells and their exosomes, and NorCA-induced exosomes dramatically dampen the function of CD4+T cells, thereby inducing an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Meanwhile, a negative correlation between PD-L1 and FXR expression in human HCC specimens was identified, and HCC patients with FXRlowPD-L1high expression exhibit a rather dismal survival outcome. Importantly, FXR agonist (GW4064) can synergize with anti-PD-1 antibody (Ab) to inhibit HCC growth in tumor-bearing models. Taken together, NorCA can promote HCC progression and immune invasion by inhibiting FXR signaling, implying a superiority of the combination of FXR agonist and anti-PD-1 Ab to the monotherapy of immune checkpoint inhibitor in combating HCC. However, more well-designed animal experiments and clinical trials are warranted to further confirm our findings in future due to the limitations in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihang Gong
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunfei Qin
- Department of Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaining Zeng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianrong Liu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaozhuo Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yewu Chen
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoyuan Yu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linsen Ye
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Krupa Ł, Staroń R, Dulko D, Łozińska N, Mackie AR, Rigby NM, Macierzanka A, Markiewicz A, Jungnickel C. Importance of Bile Composition for Diagnosis of Biliary Obstructions. Molecules 2021; 26:7279. [PMID: 34885858 PMCID: PMC8659177 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Determination of the cause of a biliary obstruction is often inconclusive from serum analysis alone without further clinical tests. To this end, serum markers as well as the composition of bile of 74 patients with biliary obstructions were determined to improve the diagnoses. The samples were collected from the patients during an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The concentration of eight bile salts, specifically sodium cholate, sodium glycocholate, sodium taurocholate, sodium glycodeoxycholate, sodium chenodeoxycholate, sodium glycochenodeoxycholate, sodium taurodeoxycholate, and sodium taurochenodeoxycholate as well as bile cholesterol were determined by HPLC-MS. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and bilirubin were measured before the ERCP. The aim was to determine a diagnostic factor and gain insights into the influence of serum bilirubin as well as bile salts on diseases. Ratios of conjugated/unconjugated, primary/secondary, and taurine/glycine conjugated bile salts were determined to facilitate the comparison to literature data. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were determined, and the cut-off values were calculated by determining the point closest to (0,1). It was found that serum bilirubin was a good indicator of the type of biliary obstruction; it was able to differentiate between benign obstructions such as choledocholithiasis (at the concentration of >11 µmol/L) and malignant changes such as pancreatic neoplasms or cholangiocarcinoma (at the concentration of >59 µmol/L). In addition, it was shown that conjugated/unconjugated bile salts confirm the presence of an obstruction. With lower levels of conjugated/unconjugated bile salts the possibility for inflammation and, thus, neoplasms increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Krupa
- Teaching Hospital No 1, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology with Internal Disease Unit, Chopina 2, 35-055 Rzeszów, Poland; (Ł.K.); (R.S.)
- Medical Department, University of Rzeszów, Kopisto 2a, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Robert Staroń
- Teaching Hospital No 1, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology with Internal Disease Unit, Chopina 2, 35-055 Rzeszów, Poland; (Ł.K.); (R.S.)
- Medical Department, University of Rzeszów, Kopisto 2a, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Dorota Dulko
- Department of Colloid and Lipid Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (D.D.); (N.Ł.); (A.M.)
| | - Natalia Łozińska
- Department of Colloid and Lipid Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (D.D.); (N.Ł.); (A.M.)
| | - Alan R. Mackie
- School of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (A.R.M.); (N.M.R.)
| | - Neil M. Rigby
- School of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (A.R.M.); (N.M.R.)
| | - Adam Macierzanka
- Department of Colloid and Lipid Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (D.D.); (N.Ł.); (A.M.)
| | - Aleksandra Markiewicz
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology Intercollegiate, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Christian Jungnickel
- Department of Colloid and Lipid Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (D.D.); (N.Ł.); (A.M.)
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15
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Zhang X, Li Y, Wei X, Hou Y, Jia S, Li S, Zhao X. Metabolomics analysis of the effects of quercetin on hepatotoxicity induced by acrylamide exposure in rats. Free Radic Res 2021; 55:831-841. [PMID: 34238086 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2021.1950705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Acrylamide (AA) widely exists in human diet, which makes the public inevitably exposed to AA in daily life. Thisstudy aimed to investigatethe effects of quercetin on AA-induced hepatotoxicity utilizing metabolomics technology. Sixty male Wistar Rats were randomly divided into six groups: control, two dosages of quercetinintervention[10 and 50 mg/kgbody weight (bw)], AA-treated [5 mg/kgbw], and two dosages of quercetin combined with AA intervention. AA and quercetin were given to rats via drinking water and gavage respectively. After 16 weeksoftreatment, liver samples were collected for metabolomics analysis. 16metabolites were finally identified, the intensities of glutathione and NADP were decreased (p < 0.01), whereas the intensities of taurodeoxycholic acid, glycocholic acid, cholic acid, sphingosine, sphingosine1-phosphate, stearidonyl carnitine, N-undecanoylglycine, cholesterol, 13,14-Dihydro-15-keto-PGE2, LysoPE (20:5), LysoPE (18:3), LysoPC (20:4), and PC (22:5) were increased (p < 0.01) in the AA-treated groupthan those in the control group. After high-dose quercetin (50 mg/kgbw) plus AA treated concurrently to rats, the contents of the above 16 metabolites were significantly restored. This research showed that 50 mg/kg quercetin can alleviate AA-induced hepatotoxicity by reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory injury and regulating lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yaru Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xinchen Wei
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yali Hou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Siqi Jia
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Siqi Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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16
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Tulasi DY, Castaneda DM, Wager K, Hogan CB, Alcedo KP, Raab JR, Gracz AD. Sox9 EGFP Defines Biliary Epithelial Heterogeneity Downstream of Yap Activity. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 11:1437-1462. [PMID: 33497866 PMCID: PMC8024983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Defining the genetic heterogeneity of intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells (BECs) is challenging, and tools for identifying BEC subpopulations are limited. Here, we characterize the expression of a Sox9EGFP transgene in the liver and demonstrate that green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression levels are associated with distinct cell types. METHODS Sox9EGFP BAC transgenic mice were assayed by immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and gene expression profiling to characterize in vivo characteristics of GFP populations. Single BECs from distinct GFP populations were isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and functional analysis was conducted in organoid forming assays. Intrahepatic ductal epithelium was grown as organoids and treated with a Yes-associated protein (Yap) inhibitor or bile acids to determine upstream regulation of Sox9 in BECs. Sox9EGFP mice were subjected to bile duct ligation, and GFP expression was assessed by immunofluorescence. RESULTS BECs express low or high levels of GFP, whereas periportal hepatocytes express sublow GFP. Sox9EGFP+ BECs are differentially distributed by duct size and demonstrate distinct gene expression signatures, with enrichment of Cyr61 and Hes1 in GFPhigh BECs. Single Sox9EGFP+ cells form organoids that exhibit heterogeneous survival, growth, and HNF4A activation dependent on culture conditions, suggesting that exogenous signaling impacts BEC heterogeneity. Yap is required to maintain Sox9 expression in biliary organoids, but bile acids are insufficient to induce BEC Yap activity or Sox9 in vivo and in vitro. Sox9EGFP remains restricted to BECs and periportal hepatocytes after bile duct ligation. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that Sox9EGFP levels provide readout of Yap activity and delineate BEC heterogeneity, providing a tool for assaying subpopulation-specific cellular function in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepthi Y. Tulasi
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Diego Martinez Castaneda
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kortney Wager
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Connor B. Hogan
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Karel P. Alcedo
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jesse R. Raab
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Adam D. Gracz
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Adam D. Gracz, PhD, 615 Michael Street NE, Suite 201A, Atlanta, Georgia 30322.fax: (404) 727-5767.
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17
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Zhang X, Yang Z, Shi Z, Zhu Z, Li C, Du Z, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Jiao Z, Tian X, Zhang J, Zhai W, Kan Q. Analysis of bile acid profile in plasma to differentiate cholangiocarcinoma from benign biliary diseases and healthy controls. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 205:105775. [PMID: 33130021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are currently considered as causative agents for Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). However, the profile of circulating BAs in CCA have not been well characterized. The aim of this study was to describe the alterations of BAs metabolism in patients with CCA compared to benign biliary diseases (BBD) and healthy controls (HC), and to discover the specific BAs as biomarkers for CCA diagnosis. The concentrations of 15 BAs in plasma were measured in a total of 329 subjects, including patients with BBD, CCA, gallbladder cancer (GC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and healthy subjects, using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Binary logistic regression analysis was used to build a diagnostic model for CCA. An imbalance in the ratio of conjugated to unconjugated BAs was observed in CCA patients compared to BBD and HC groups, with higher conjugated BAs and lower unconjugated BAs. A panel of 2 BA metabolites consisting of CDCA and TCDCA showed high diagnostic performance for CCA versus BBD and CCA versus HC, with higher AUC, sensitivity and specificity than carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 199), clinically employed CCA biomarker. Importantly, HCC and GC samples were also included to confirm specificity of the BA biomarkers for CCA diagnosis. In summary, specific changes in plasma concentrations of BAs may serve as diagnostic biomarkers for distinguishing CCA from BBD and HC, with higher performance than CA199.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Ziyao Yang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Ziyu Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Zijia Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Cai Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Zhicheng Du
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Key Lab of Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yiding Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Zipeng Wang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Zhenrui Jiao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Wenlong Zhai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Key Lab of Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Quancheng Kan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
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18
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Ketpueak T, Thiennimitr P, Apaijai N, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Association of Chronic Opisthorchis Infestation and Microbiota Alteration on Tumorigenesis in Cholangiocarcinoma. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2020; 12:e00292. [PMID: 33464733 PMCID: PMC8345922 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a common hepatobiliary cancer in East and Southeast Asia. The data of microbiota contribution in CCA are still unclear. Current available reports have demonstrated that an Opisthorchis viverrini (OV) infection leads to dysbiosis in the bile duct. An increase in the commensal bacteria Helicobacter spp. in OV-infected CCA patients is associated with bile duct inflammation, severity of bile duct fibrosis, and cholangiocyte proliferation. In addition, secondary bile acids, major microbial metabolites, can mediate cholangiocyte inflammation and proliferation in the liver. A range of samples from CCA patients (stool, bile, and tumor) showed different degrees of dysbiosis. The evidence from these samples suggests that OV infection is associated with alterations in microbiota and could potentially have a role in CCA. In this comprehensive review, reports from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies that demonstrate possible links between OV infection, microbiota, and CCA pathogenesis are summarized and discussed. Understanding these associations may pave ways for novel potential adjunct intervention in gut microbiota in CCA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanika Ketpueak
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Parameth Thiennimitr
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nattayaporn Apaijai
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C. Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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19
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Jia X, Lu S, Zeng Z, Liu Q, Dong Z, Chen Y, Zhu Z, Hong Z, Zhang T, Du G, Xiang J, Wu D, Bai W, Yang B, Li Y, Huang J, Li H, Safadi R, Lu Y. Characterization of Gut Microbiota, Bile Acid Metabolism, and Cytokines in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. Hepatology 2020; 71:893-906. [PMID: 31298745 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), a type of bile duct cancer, has a high mortality rate. Gut microbiota, bile acid (BA) metabolism, and cytokines have not been characterized in patients with ICC, and better noninvasive diagnostic approaches for ICC are essential to be established. Therefore, in this study we aimed to improve our understanding of changes in gut microbiota, BA metabolism, and cytokines in patients with ICC. We found that the α-diversities and β-diversities of ICC were highest and that the abundances of four genera (Lactobacillus, Actinomyces, Peptostreptococcaceae, and Alloscardovia) were increased in patients with ICC compared with those in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma or liver cirrhosis and in healthy individuals. The glycoursodeoxycholic acid and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) plasma-stool ratios were obviously increased in patients with ICC. Furthermore, the genera Lactobacillus and Alloscardovia that were positively correlated with TUDCA plasma-stool ratios were combined to discriminate ICC from the other three diseases. Vascular invasion (VI) frequently led to a poor prognosis in patients with ICC. Compared with patients with ICC without VI, patients with VI had a greater abundance of the family Ruminococcaceae, increased levels of plasma interleukin (IL)-4 and six conjugated BAs, and decreased levels of plasma IL-6 and chenodeoxycholic acid. A positive correlation between plasma taurocholic acid and IL-4 was observed in patients with ICC. Plasma TUDCA was negatively correlated with the abundance of the genus Pseudoramibacter and the survival time of patients with ICC, but had no effect on tumor size, as determined in two murine tumor models. Conclusion: In this study, we identified some biomarkers, including gut microbiota, BAs and inflammatory cytokines, for the diagnosis of ICC and prediction of VI in patients with ICC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Jia
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Center, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Lu
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Center, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Zeng
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Center, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyan Liu
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Center, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Dong
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Center, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Center, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhu
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Center, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixian Hong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Center, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guifang Du
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Center, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiao Xiang
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Center, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dawei Wu
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Center, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenlin Bai
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Center, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Center, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yinyin Li
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Center, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiagan Huang
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Center, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Hospital Affiliated to Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Rifaat Safadi
- Hadassah Medical Organization, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yinying Lu
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Center, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology (CSSB), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Baiocchi L, Zhou T, Liangpunsakul S, Lenci I, Santopaolo F, Meng F, Kennedy L, Glaser S, Francis H, Alpini G. Dual Role of Bile Acids on the Biliary Epithelium: Friend or Foe? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081869. [PMID: 31014010 PMCID: PMC6514722 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids are a family of amphipathic compounds predominantly known for their role in solubilizing and absorbing hydrophobic compounds (including liposoluble vitamins) in the intestine. Bile acids also are key signaling molecules and inflammatory agents that activate transcriptional factors and cell signaling pathways that regulate lipid, glucose, and energy metabolism in various human disorders, including chronic liver diseases. However, in the last decade increased awareness has been founded on the physiological and chemical heterogeneity of this category of compounds and their possible beneficial or injurious effects on the biliary tree. In this review, we provide an update on the current understanding of the molecular mechanism involving bile acid and biliary epithelium. The last achievements of the research in this field are summarized, focusing on the molecular aspects and the elements with relevance regarding human liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Baiocchi
- Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University, College of Medicine 702 SW HK Dodgen Loop, Temple, TX 76504, USA.
| | - Suthat Liangpunsakul
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center and Indiana University, Gastroenterology, Medicine 1481 W 10th street, Dedication Wing⁻Room C-7151, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1481 W 10th street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Ilaria Lenci
- Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesco Santopaolo
- Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center and Indiana University, Gastroenterology, Medicine 1481 W 10th street, Dedication Wing⁻Room C-7151, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1481 W 10th street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center and Indiana University, Gastroenterology, Medicine 1481 W 10th street, Dedication Wing⁻Room C-7151, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University, College of Medicine 702 SW HK Dodgen Loop, Temple, TX 76504, USA.
| | - Heather Francis
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center and Indiana University, Gastroenterology, Medicine 1481 W 10th street, Dedication Wing⁻Room C-7151, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1481 W 10th street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center and Indiana University, Gastroenterology, Medicine 1481 W 10th street, Dedication Wing⁻Room C-7151, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1481 W 10th street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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21
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Labib PL, Goodchild G, Pereira SP. Molecular Pathogenesis of Cholangiocarcinoma. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:185. [PMID: 30819129 PMCID: PMC6394015 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5391-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholangiocarcinomas are a heterogeneous group of malignancies arising from a number of cells of origin along the biliary tree. Although most cases in Western countries are sporadic, large population-based studies have identified a number of risk factors. This review summarises the evidence behind reported risk factors and current understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of cholangiocarcinoma, with a focus on inflammation and cholestasis as the driving forces in cholangiocarcinoma development. RISK FACTORS FOR CHOLANGIOCARCINOGENESIS Cholestatic liver diseases (e.g. primary sclerosing cholangitis and fibropolycystic liver diseases), liver cirrhosis, and biliary stone disease all increase the risk of cholangiocarcinoma. Certain bacterial, viral or parasitic infections such as hepatitis B and C and liver flukes also increase cholangiocarcinoma risk. Other risk factors include inflammatory disorders (such as inflammatory bowel disease and chronic pancreatitis), toxins (e.g. alcohol and tobacco), metabolic conditions (diabetes, obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) and a number of genetic disorders. MOLECULAR PATHOGENESIS OF CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA Regardless of aetiology, most risk factors cause chronic inflammation or cholestasis. Chronic inflammation leads to increased exposure of cholangiocytes to the inflammatory mediators interleukin-6, Tumour Necrosis Factor-ɑ, Cyclo-oxygenase-2 and Wnt, resulting in progressive mutations in tumour suppressor genes, proto-oncogenes and DNA mismatch-repair genes. Accumulating bile acids from cholestasis lead to reduced pH, increased apoptosis and activation of ERK1/2, Akt and NF-κB pathways that encourage cell proliferation, migration and survival. Other mediators upregulated in cholangiocarcinoma include Transforming Growth Factor-β, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Hepatocyte Growth Factor and several microRNAs. Increased expression of the cell surface receptor c-Met, the glucose transporter GLUT-1 and the sodium iodide symporter lead to tumour growth, angiogenesis and cell migration. Stromal changes are also observed, resulting in alterations to the extracellular matrix composition and recruitment of fibroblasts and macrophages that create a microenvironment promoting cell survival, invasion and metastasis. CONCLUSION Regardless of aetiology, most risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma cause chronic inflammation and/or cholestasis, leading to the activation of common intracellular pathways that result in reactive cell proliferation, genetic/epigenetic mutations and cholangiocarcinogenesis. An understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of cholangiocarcinoma is vital when developing new diagnostic biomarkers and targeted therapies for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter L. Labib
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London (Royal Free Hospital Campus), Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London, NW3 2QG UK
| | - George Goodchild
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London (Royal Free Hospital Campus), Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London, NW3 2QG UK
| | - Stephen P. Pereira
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London (Royal Free Hospital Campus), Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London, NW3 2QG UK
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22
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Chen Z, Guo P, Xie X, Yu H, Wang Y, Chen G. The role of tumour microenvironment: a new vision for cholangiocarcinoma. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:59-69. [PMID: 30394682 PMCID: PMC6307844 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a relatively rare malignant and lethal tumour derived from bile duct epithelium and the morbidity is now increasing worldwide. This disease is difficult to diagnose at its inchoate stage and has poor prognosis. Therefore, a clear understanding of pathogenesis and major influencing factors is the key to develop effective therapeutic methods for CCA. In previous studies, canonical correlation analysis has demonstrated that tumour microenvironment plays an intricate role in the progression of various types of cancers including CCA. CCA tumour microenvironment is a dynamic environment consisting of authoritative tumour stromal cells and extracellular matrix where tumour stromal cells and cancer cells can thrive. CCA stromal cells include immune and non‐immune cells, such as inflammatory cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages. Likewise, CCA tumour microenvironment contains abundant proliferative factors and can significantly impact the behaviour of cancer cells. Through abominably intricate interactions with CCA cells, CCA tumour microenvironment plays an important role in promoting tumour proliferation, accelerating neovascularization, facilitating tumour invasion, and preventing tumour cells from organismal immune reactions and apoptosis. This review summarizes the recent research progress regarding the connection between tumour behaviours and tumour stromal cells in CCA, as well as the mechanism underlying the effect of tumour stromal cells on the growth of CCA. A thorough understanding of the relationship between CCA and tumour stromal cells can shed some light on the development of new therapeutic methods for treating CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Pengyi Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaozai Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haitao Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Environmental and Public, Health School of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Usman HA, Hernowo BS, Tobing MDL, Hindritiani R. The Major Role of NF-κB in the Depth of Invasion on Acral Melanoma by Decreasing CD8 + T Cells. J Pathol Transl Med 2018; 52:164-170. [PMID: 29673240 PMCID: PMC5964292 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2018.04.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumor microenvironment including immune surveillance affects malignant melanoma (MM) behavior. Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) stimulates the transcription of various genes in the nucleus and plays a role in the inflammatory process and in tumorigenesis. CD8+ T cells have cytotoxic properties important in the elimination of tumors. However, inhibitory receptors on the cell surface will bind to programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), causing CD8+ T cells to lose their ability to initiate an immune response. This study analyzed the association of NF-κB and PD-L1 expression levels and CD8+ T-cell counts with depth of invasion of acral MM, which may be a predictor of aggressiveness related to an increased risk of metastasis. METHODS A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Hasan Sadikin Hospital using 96 cases of acral melanoma. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on paraffin blocks using anti-NF-κB, -PD-L1, and -CD8 antibodies and invasion depth was measured using dotSlide-imaging software. RESULTS The study showed significant associations between the individual expression of NF-κB and PD-L1 and CD8+ T-cell number, with MM invasion depth. NF-κB was found to be a confounding variable of CD8+ T-cell number (p < .05), but not for PD-L1 expression (p = .154). Through multivariate analysis it was found that NF-κB had the greatest association with the depth of invasion (p < .001), whereas PD-L1 was unrelated to the depth of invasion because it depends on the number of CD8+ T cells (p = .870). CONCLUSIONS NF-κB plays a major role in acral MM invasion, by decreasing the number of CD8+ T cells in acral MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermin Aminah Usman
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Universitas Padjadjaran/Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Bethy S Hernowo
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Universitas Padjadjaran/Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
| | | | - Reti Hindritiani
- Department of Dermatovenerology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
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Erice O, Labiano I, Arbelaiz A, Santos-Laso A, Munoz-Garrido P, Jimenez-Agüero R, Olaizola P, Caro-Maldonado A, Martín-Martín N, Carracedo A, Lozano E, Marin J, O'Rourke C, Andersen J, Llop J, Gómez-Vallejo V, Padro D, Martin A, Marzioni M, Adorini L, Trauner M, Bujanda L, Perugorria M, Banales J. Differential effects of FXR or TGR5 activation in cholangiocarcinoma progression. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:1335-1344. [PMID: 28916388 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Deutschmann K, Reich M, Klindt C, Dröge C, Spomer L, Häussinger D, Keitel V. Bile acid receptors in the biliary tree: TGR5 in physiology and disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1864:1319-1325. [PMID: 28844960 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bile salts represent signalling molecules with a variety of endocrine functions. Bile salt effects are mediated by different receptor molecules, comprising ligand-activated nuclear transcription factors as well as G protein-coupled membrane-bound receptors. The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and the plasma membrane-bound G protein-coupled receptor TGR5 (Gpbar-1) are prototypic bile salt receptors of both classes and are highly expressed in the liver including the biliary tree as well as in the intestine. In liver, TGR5 is localized in different non-parenchymal cells such as sinusoidal endothelial cells, Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells and small and large cholangiocytes. Through TGR5 bile salts can mediate choleretic, cell-protective as well as proliferative effects in cholangiocytes. A disturbance of these signalling mechanisms can contribute to the development of biliary diseases. In line with the important role of TGR5 for bile salt signalling, TGR5 knockout mice are more susceptible to cholestatic liver damage. Furthermore, in absence of TGR5 cholangiocyte proliferation in response to cholestasis is attenuated and intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts show increased cell damage, underscoring the role of the receptor for biliary physiology. Decreased TGR5 expression may also contribute to the development or progression of cholangiopathies like primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) since reduced TGR5-dependent cell-protective mechanisms such as bicarbonate secretion renders cholangiocytes more vulnerable towards bile salt toxicity. Nevertheless, TGR5 overexpression or constant stimulation of the receptor can promote cholangiocyte proliferation leading to cyst growth in polycystic liver disease or even progression of cholangiocarcinoma. Not only the stimulation of TGR5-mediated pathways by suitable TGR5 agonists but also the inhibition of TGR5 signalling by the use of antagonists represent potential therapeutic approaches for different types of biliary diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cholangiocytes in Health and Disease edited by Jesus Banales, Marco Marzioni, Nicholas LaRusso and Peter Jansen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Deutschmann
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty at Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maria Reich
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty at Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Caroline Klindt
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty at Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Carola Dröge
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty at Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lina Spomer
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty at Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dieter Häussinger
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty at Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Verena Keitel
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty at Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Mteyrek A, Filipski E, Guettier C, Oklejewicz M, van der Horst GTJ, Okyar A, Lévi F. Critical cholangiocarcinogenesis control by cryptochrome clock genes. Int J Cancer 2017; 140:2473-2483. [PMID: 28224616 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A coordinated network of molecular circadian clocks in individual cells generates 24-hr rhythms in liver metabolism and proliferation. Circadian disruption through chronic jet lag or Per2 clock gene mutation was shown to accelerate hepatocarcinoma development in mice. As divergent effects were reported for clock genes Per and Cry regarding xenobiotic toxicity, we questioned the role of Cry1 and Cry2 in liver carcinogenesis. Male WT and Cry1-/- Cry2-/- mice (C57Bl/6 background) were chronically exposed to diethylnitrosamine (DEN) at ZT11. Rest-activity and body temperature rhythms were monitored using an implanted radiotransmitter. Serum aspartate and alanine aminotransferases (AST and ALT) were determined on four occasions during the progression stage. After 7 months, serum alkaline phosphatases (ALP) were determined, and livers were sampled for microscopic tumor nodule counting and histopathology. Five months after initiation of DEN treatment, we found that Cry1-/- Cry2-/- mice developed severe liver dysplasia, as evident from the increased AST, ALT and ALP levels, as compared to WT mice. DEN exposure induced primary liver cancers in nearly fivefold as many Cry1-/- Cry2-/- mice as compared to WT mice (p = 0.01). Microscopic study revealed no difference in the average number of hepatocarcinomas and a nearly eightfold increase in the average number of cholangiocarcinomas in Cry1-/- Cry2-/- mice, as compared to WT mice. This study validated the hypothesis that molecular circadian clock disruption dramatically increased chemically induced liver carcinogenesis. In addition, the pronounced shift toward cholangiocarcinoma in DEN exposed Cry1-/- Cry2-/- mice revealed a critical role of the Cry clock genes in bile duct carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mteyrek
- INSERM and Paris Sud university, UMRS 935, Team "Cancer Chronotherapy and Postoperative Liver", Campus CNRS, Villejuif, F-94807, France
| | - Elisabeth Filipski
- INSERM and Paris Sud university, UMRS 935, Team "Cancer Chronotherapy and Postoperative Liver", Campus CNRS, Villejuif, F-94807, France
| | - Catherine Guettier
- Department of Medical Oncology and Laboratory of Anatomy and Pathological Cytology, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Villejuif, F-94800, France
| | - Malgorzata Oklejewicz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Alper Okyar
- Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul University Faculty of Pharmacy, Beyazit, Istanbul, TR-34116, Turkey
| | - Francis Lévi
- INSERM and Paris Sud university, UMRS 935, Team "Cancer Chronotherapy and Postoperative Liver", Campus CNRS, Villejuif, F-94807, France.,Department of Medical Oncology and Laboratory of Anatomy and Pathological Cytology, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Villejuif, F-94800, France.,Warwick Medical School, Cancer Chronotherapy Unit, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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Wang W, Zhan M, Li Q, Chen W, Chu H, Huang Q, Hou Z, Man M, Wang J. FXR agonists enhance the sensitivity of biliary tract cancer cells to cisplatin via SHP dependent inhibition of Bcl-xL expression. Oncotarget 2016; 7:34617-29. [PMID: 27127878 PMCID: PMC5085180 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance is common in patients with biliary tract cancer (BTC) including gallbladder cancer (GBC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CC). Therefore, it is necessary to identify effective chemotherapeutic agents for BTC. In the present study, we for the first time tested the effect of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonists GW4064 and CDCA (chenodeoxycholic acid) in combination with cisplatin (CDDP) on increasing the chemosensitivity in BTC. Our results show that co-treatment of CDDP with FXR agonists remarkably enhance chemosensitivity of BTC cells. Mechanistically, we found that activation of FXR induced expression of small heterodimer partner (SHP), which in turn inhibited signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation and resulted in down-regulation of Bcl-xL expression in BTC cells, leading to increased susceptibility to CDDP. Moreover, the experiments on tumor-bearing mice showed that GW4064/CDDP co-treatment inhibited the tumor growth in vivo by up-regulating SHP expression and down-regulating STAT3 phosphorylation. These results suggest CDDP in combination with FXR agonists could be a potential new therapeutic strategy for BTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Ming Zhan
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Institutes of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Huiling Chu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Institutes of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qihong Huang
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zhaoyuan Hou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Institutes of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Mohan Man
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Institutes of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
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Liu R, Li X, Qiang X, Luo L, Hylemon PB, Jiang Z, Zhang L, Zhou H. Taurocholate Induces Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression via the Sphingosine 1-phosphate Receptor 2 in a Human Cholangiocarcinoma Cell Line. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:30988-1002. [PMID: 26518876 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.668277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare, but highly malignant primary hepatobiliary cancer with a very poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Our recent studies reported that conjugated bile acids (CBAs) promote the invasive growth of CCA via activation of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2). Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is the most abundant prostaglandin in various human malignancies including CCA. Previous studies have indicated that COX-2 was highly expressed in CCA tissues, and the survival rate of CCA patients was negatively associated with high COX-2 expression levels. It has also been reported that CBAs induce COX-2 expression, whereas free bile acids inhibit COX-2 expression in CCA mouse models. However, the underlying cellular mechanisms and connection between S1PR2 and COX-2 expression in CCA cells have still not been fully elucidated. In the current study, we examined the role of S1PR2 in conjugated bile acid (taurocholate, (TCA))-induced COX-2 expression in a human HuCCT1 CCA cell line and further identified the potential underlying cellular mechanisms. The results indicated that TCA-induced invasive growth of human CCA cells was correlated with S1PR2-medated up-regulation of COX-2 expression and PGE2 production. Inhibition of S1PR2 activation with chemical antagonist (JTE-013) or down-regulation of S1PR2 expression with gene-specific shRNA not only reduced COX-2 expression, but also inhibited TCA-induced activation of EGFR and the ERK1/2/Akt-NF-κB signaling cascade. In conclusion, S1PR2 plays a critical role in TCA-induced COX-2 expression and CCA growth and may represent a novel therapeutic target for CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runping Liu
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China, the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298
| | - Xiaojiaoyang Li
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Xiaoyan Qiang
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China, the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298
| | - Lan Luo
- the Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China, and
| | - Phillip B Hylemon
- the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, the McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia 23298
| | - Zhenzhou Jiang
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China, the Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China, and
| | - Luyong Zhang
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China, the Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China, and
| | - Huiping Zhou
- the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, the McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia 23298
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Amonyingcharoen S, Suriyo T, Thiantanawat A, Watcharasit P, Satayavivad J. Taurolithocholic acid promotes intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cell growth via muscarinic acetylcholine receptor and EGFR/ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Int J Oncol 2015; 46:2317-26. [PMID: 25815516 PMCID: PMC4441291 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.2939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignant cancer of the biliary tract and its occurrence is associated with chronic cholestasis which causes an elevation of bile acids in the liver and bile duct. The present study aimed to investigate the role and mechanistic effect of bile acids on the CCA cell growth. Intrahepatic CCA cell lines, RMCCA-1 and HuCCA-1, were treated with bile acids and their metabolites to determine the growth promoting effect. Cell viability, cell cycle analysis, EdU incorporation assays were conducted. Intracellular signaling proteins were detected by western immunoblotting. Among eleven forms of bile acids and their metabolites, only taurolithocholic acid (TLCA) concentration dependently (1–40 μM) increased the cell viability of RMCCA-1, but not HuCCA-1 cells. The cell cycle analysis showed induction of cells in the S phase and the EdU incorporation assay revealed induction of DNA synthesis in the TLCA-treated RMCCA-1 cells. Moreover, TLCA increased the phosphorylation of EGFR, ERK 1/2 and also increased the expression of cyclin D1 in RMCCA-1 cells. Furthermore, TLCA-induced RMCCA-1 cell growth could be inhibited by atropine, a non-selective muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) antagonist, AG 1478, a specific EGFR inhibitor, or U 0126, a specific MEK 1/2 inhibitor. These results suggest that TLCA induces CCA cell growth via mAChR and EGFR/EKR1/2 signaling pathway. Moreover, the functional presence of cholinergic system plays a certain role in TLCA-induced CCA cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tawit Suriyo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
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Liu R, Zhao R, Zhou X, Liang X, Campbell DJW, Zhang X, Zhang L, Shi R, Wang G, Pandak WM, Sirica AE, Hylemon PB, Zhou H. Conjugated bile acids promote cholangiocarcinoma cell invasive growth through activation of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2. Hepatology 2014; 60:908-18. [PMID: 24700501 PMCID: PMC4141906 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an often fatal primary malignancy of the intra- and extrahepatic biliary tract that is commonly associated with chronic cholestasis and significantly elevated levels of primary and conjugated bile acids (CBAs), which are correlated with bile duct obstruction (BDO). BDO has also recently been shown to promote CCA progression. However, whereas there is increasing evidence linking chronic cholestasis and abnormal bile acid profiles to CCA development and progression, the specific mechanisms by which bile acids may be acting to promote cholangiocarcinogenesis and invasive biliary tumor growth have not been fully established. Recent studies have shown that CBAs, but not free bile acids, stimulate CCA cell growth, and that an imbalance in the ratio of free to CBAs may play an important role in the tumorigenesis of CCA. Also, CBAs are able to activate extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2- and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B (AKT)-signaling pathways through sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) in rodent hepatocytes. In the current study, we demonstrate S1PR2 to be highly expressed in rat and human CCA cells, as well as in human CCA tissues. We further show that CBAs activate the ERK1/2- and AKT-signaling pathways and significantly stimulate CCA cell growth and invasion in vitro. Taurocholate (TCA)-mediated CCA cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were significantly inhibited by JTE-013, a chemical antagonist of S1PR2, or by lentiviral short hairpin RNA silencing of S1PR2. In a novel organotypic rat CCA coculture model, TCA was further found to significantly increase the growth of CCA cell spheroidal/"duct-like" structures, which was blocked by treatment with JTE-013. CONCLUSION Our collective data support the hypothesis that CBAs promote CCA cell-invasive growth through S1PR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runping Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmond, VA,Key Laboratory of New Drug Screen and Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China,* These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Renping Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmond, VA,Key Laboratory of New Drug Screen and Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China,* These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Xiqiao Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmond, VA,Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityJiangsu, China
| | - Xiuyin Liang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmond, VA
| | - Deanna JW Campbell
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathogenesis, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmond, VA
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmond, VA,Key Laboratory of New Drug Screen and Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmond, VA
| | - Ruihua Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityJiangsu, China
| | - Guangji Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Screen and Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China
| | | | - Alphonse E Sirica
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathogenesis, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmond, VA,** Drs. Zhou, Hylemon, and Sirica contributed equally to this work
| | - Phillip B Hylemon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmond, VA,McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical CenterRichmond, VA,** Drs. Zhou, Hylemon, and Sirica contributed equally to this work
| | - Huiping Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmond, VA,McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical CenterRichmond, VA,Wenzhou Medical CollegeWenzhou, China,** Drs. Zhou, Hylemon, and Sirica contributed equally to this work
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31
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Maroni L, Alpini G, Marzioni M. Cholangiocarcinoma development: the resurgence of bile acids. Hepatology 2014; 60:795-7. [PMID: 24828905 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Maroni
- Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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