1
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Kennedy BL, Camara AM, Tran DMD. You eye what you eat: BMI, consumption patterns, and dieting status predict temporal attentional bias to food-associated images. Appetite 2024; 192:107095. [PMID: 37890529 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
People know that overconsumption of high-fat high-sugar (HFHS) foods have negative consequences for physical and cognitive wellbeing but continue to consume these foods in excess, leading to recent proposals to model obesity as an addiction disorder. The current experiment tested, in a large undergraduate sample (N = 306), the hypothesis that obesity and overconsumption is linked with an oversensitivity to rewards that drives attentional biases towards foods and food-associated cues. Using a modified emotion-induced blindness task with food-related distractors, we examined the extent to which attentional biases to images of HFHS foods were accounted for by BMI, HFHS food intake, self-reported hunger, time since last meal, diet status, food preferences, and attentional control. We also examined whether the same individual differences predicted attentional priority to cues that have a learned association with HFHS foods (i.e., images of food logos). Contrary to our predictions, higher BMI predicted less attentional priority for images of food and food logos. At the same time, increased consumption of HFHS foods predicted increased attentional priority for food images, whereas dieting predicted increased attentional priority for food logo images. Our results suggest that different people may preferentially attend to food versus food logo imagery based on their relationships with food. More broadly, our results support the theoretical perspective that attentional biases to food-associated stimuli can be affected by various competing, state-related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana L Kennedy
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Andrew M Camara
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Dominic M D Tran
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
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2
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Vourdoumpa A, Paltoglou G, Charmandari E. The Genetic Basis of Childhood Obesity: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:1416. [PMID: 36986146 PMCID: PMC10058966 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence represents one of the most challenging public health problems of our century owing to its epidemic proportions and the associated significant morbidity, mortality, and increase in public health costs. The pathogenesis of polygenic obesity is multifactorial and is due to the interaction among genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. More than 1100 independent genetic loci associated with obesity traits have been currently identified, and there is great interest in the decoding of their biological functions and the gene-environment interaction. The present study aimed to systematically review the scientific evidence and to explore the relation of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and copy number variants (CNVs) with changes in body mass index (BMI) and other measures of body composition in children and adolescents with obesity, as well as their response to lifestyle interventions. Twenty-seven studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, which consisted of 7928 overweight/obese children and adolescents at different stages of pubertal development who underwent multidisciplinary management. The effect of polymorphisms in 92 different genes was assessed and revealed SNPs in 24 genetic loci significantly associated with BMI and/or body composition change, which contribute to the complex metabolic imbalance of obesity, including the regulation of appetite and energy balance, the homeostasis of glucose, lipid, and adipose tissue, as well as their interactions. The decoding of the genetic and molecular/cellular pathophysiology of obesity and the gene-environment interactions, alongside with the individual genotype, will enable us to design targeted and personalized preventive and management interventions for obesity early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Vourdoumpa
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - George Paltoglou
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Charmandari
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Baer DJ, Dalton M, Blundell J, Finlayson G, Hu FB. Nuts, Energy Balance and Body Weight. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051162. [PMID: 36904160 PMCID: PMC10004756 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Over several decades, the health benefits of consuming nuts have been investigated, resulting in a large body of evidence that nuts can reduce the risk of chronic diseases. The consumption of nuts, being a higher-fat plant food, is restricted by some in order to minimize weight gain. In this review, we discuss several factors related to energy intake from nuts, including food matrix and its impact on digestibility, and the role of nuts in regulating appetite. We review the data from randomized controlled trials and observational studies conducted to examine the relationship between nut intake and body weight or body mass index. Consistently, the evidence from RCTs and observational cohorts indicates that higher nut consumption does not cause greater weight gain; rather, nuts may be beneficial for weight control and prevention of long-term weight gain. Multiple mechanisms likely contribute to these findings, including aspects of nut composition which affect nutrient and energy availability as well as satiety signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Baer
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(301)-504-8719
| | - Michelle Dalton
- School of Psychology, Leeds Trinity University, Leeds LS18 5HD, UK
| | - John Blundell
- School of Psychology, Appetite Control and Energy Balance Research Group, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Graham Finlayson
- School of Psychology, Appetite Control and Energy Balance Research Group, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Frank B. Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Boston, MA 02115, USA
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4
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Wade KH, Clifford L, Simpkin AJ, Beynon R, Birch L, Northstone K, Matthews S, Davey Smith G, Hamilton-Shield J, Timpson NJ. Piloting the objective measurement of eating weight and speed at a population scale: a nested study within the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Wellcome Open Res 2021; 5:185. [PMID: 34195383 PMCID: PMC8215563 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16091.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Effective measurement and adaption of eating behaviours (e.g., eating speed) may improve weight loss and weight over time. We assessed whether the Mandometer, a portable weighing scale connected to a computer that generates a graph of food removal rate from the plate to which it is connected, together with photo-imaging of food, might prove a less intensive and more economical approach to measuring eating behaviours at large scale. Methods: We deployed the Mandometer in the home environment to measure main meals over three days of 95 21-year-old participants of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. We used multi-level models to describe food weight and eating speed and, as exemplar analyses, examined the relationship of eating behaviours with body mass index (BMI), dietary composition (fat content) and genotypic variation (the FTO rs9939609 variant). Using this pilot data, we calculated the sample size required to detect differences in food weight and eating speed between groups of an exposure variable. Results: All participants were able to use the Mandometer effectively after brief training. In exemplar analyses, evidence suggested that obese participants consumed more food than those of "normal" weight (i.e., BMI 19 to <25 kg/m 2) and that A/A FTO homozygotes (an indicator of higher weight) ate at a faster rate compared to T/T homozygotes. There was also some evidence that those with a high-fat diet consumed less food than those with a low-fat diet, but little evidence that individuals with medium- or high-fat diets ate faster. Conclusions: We demonstrated the potential for assessing eating weight and speed in a short-term home setting and combining this with information in a research setting. This study may offer the opportunity to design interventions tailored for at-risk eating behaviours, offering advantages over the "one size fits all" approach of current failing obesity interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin H. Wade
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Laura Clifford
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, BS2 8BJ, UK
| | - Andrew J. Simpkin
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Applied Mathematics, National University of Ireland, Galway, H91 H3CY, Ireland
| | - Rhona Beynon
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Laura Birch
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre Nutrition Theme, University of Bristol, University Hospitals Bristol Education & Research Centre, Bristol, BS1 3NU, UK
| | - Kate Northstone
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Sarah Matthews
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Julian Hamilton-Shield
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre Nutrition Theme, University of Bristol, University Hospitals Bristol Education & Research Centre, Bristol, BS1 3NU, UK
| | - Nicholas J. Timpson
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
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5
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Pavlyshyn HA, Kozak KV, Hlushko KT. Investigating the connections between night eating syndrome and metabolic syndrome in children. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj93.02.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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6
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Franzago M, Sabovic I, Franchi S, De Santo M, Di Nisio A, Luddi A, Piomboni P, Vitacolonna E, Stuppia L, Foresta C. Sperm DNA Methylation at Metabolism-Related Genes in Vegan Subjects. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:633943. [PMID: 33767672 PMCID: PMC7985526 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.633943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate if epigenome of sperm cells could be dynamically affected by nutrition. Design and Methods We assessed 40 healthy volunteers with different dietary habits and collected their demographic characteristics, as well as clinical and anthropometric parameters. We compared methylation profiles in sperm quantified by bisulfite pyrosequencing, at promoter-associated CpG sites of genes involved in metabolism including fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) and melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) from six vegans and 34 omnivores. In addition, the FTO rs9939609 (T>A) was genotyped. Results Higher DNA methylation levels were detected in the sperm of vegan at FTO gene CpG1 (p=0.02), CpG2 (p=0.001), CpG3 (p=0.004), and CpG4 (p=0.003) sites and at MC4R-CpG2 site [p=0.016] as compared to sperm of omnivores. This association was not related to FTO genotype. Conclusions Although limited by the small number of investigated cases, our data provide insight into the role of diet on sperm DNA methylation in genes involved in metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marica Franzago
- Department of Medicine and Aging, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, “G. D’Annunzio” University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. D’Annunzio” University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Iva Sabovic
- Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sara Franchi
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. D’Annunzio” University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, “G. D’Annunzio” University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Di Nisio
- Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alice Luddi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Paola Piomboni
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Ester Vitacolonna
- Department of Medicine and Aging, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, “G. D’Annunzio” University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. D’Annunzio” University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Liborio Stuppia
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. D’Annunzio” University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, “G. D’Annunzio” University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Carlo Foresta
- Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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7
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Wade KH, Clifford L, Simpkin AJ, Beynon R, Birch L, Northstone K, Matthews S, Davey Smith G, Hamilton-Shield J, Timpson NJ. Piloting the objective measurement of eating weight and speed at a population scale: a nested study within the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Wellcome Open Res 2021; 5:185. [PMID: 34195383 PMCID: PMC8215563 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16091.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Effective measurement and adaption of eating behaviours, such as eating speed, may improve weight loss and weight over time. We assessed whether the Mandometer, a portable weighing scale connected to a computer that generates a graph of food removal rate from the plate to which it is connected, together with photo-imaging of food, might prove an effective approach to measuring eating behaviours at large scale. Methods: We deployed the Mandometer in the home environment to measure main meals over three days of 95 21-year-old participants of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. We used multi-level models to describe food weight and eating speed and, as exemplar analyses, examined the relationship of eating behaviours with body mass index (BMI), dietary composition (fat content) and genotypic variation (the FTO rs9939609 variant). Using this pilot data, we calculated the sample size required to detect differences in food weight and eating speed between groups of an exposure variable. Results: All participants were able to use the Mandometer effectively after brief training. In exemplar analyses, evidence suggested that obese participants consumed more food than those of "normal" weight (i.e., BMI 19 to <25 kg/m 2) and that A/A FTO homozygotes (an indicator of higher weight) ate at a faster rate compared to T/T homozygotes. There was also some evidence that those with a high-fat diet consumed less food than those with a low-fat diet, but no strong evidence that individuals with medium- or high-fat diets ate at a faster rate. Conclusions: We demonstrated the potential for assessing eating weight and speed in a short-term home setting and combining this with information in a research setting. This study may offer the opportunity to design interventions tailored for at-risk eating behaviours, offering advantages over the "one size fits all" approach of current failing obesity interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin H. Wade
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Laura Clifford
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, BS2 8BJ, UK
| | - Andrew J. Simpkin
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Applied Mathematics, National University of Ireland, Galway, H91 H3CY, Ireland
| | - Rhona Beynon
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Laura Birch
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre Nutrition Theme, University of Bristol, University Hospitals Bristol Education & Research Centre, Bristol, BS1 3NU, UK
| | - Kate Northstone
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Sarah Matthews
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Julian Hamilton-Shield
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre Nutrition Theme, University of Bristol, University Hospitals Bristol Education & Research Centre, Bristol, BS1 3NU, UK
| | - Nicholas J. Timpson
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
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8
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Eating behaviours are hypothesised to be the behavioural expression of genetic risk of obesity. In this review, we summarise findings from behavioural genetic research on the association between genetic risk for obesity and validated psychometrics measures of eating behaviours in children and adults (published in the past 10 years). RECENT FINDINGS Twin studies have produced some evidence for a shared genetic aetiology underlying body mass index and eating behaviours. Studies using measured genetic susceptibility to obesity have suggested that increased genetic liability for obesity is associated with variation in obesogenic eating behaviours such as emotional and uncontrolled eating. More research on this topic is needed. Especially longitudinal studies using genetically sensitive designs to investigate the direction of genetic pathways between genetic liability of eating behaviours to weight and vice versa, as well as the potential subsequent link to eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Herle
- Department of Biostatistics & Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Kings College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - Andrea D Smith
- Research Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Clare Llewellyn
- Research Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
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9
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García-Ricobaraza M, García-Bermúdez M, Torres-Espinola FJ, Segura Moreno MT, Bleyere MN, Díaz-Prieto LE, Nova E, Marcos A, Campoy C. Association study of rs1801282 PPARG gene polymorphism and immune cells and cytokine levels in a Spanish pregnant women cohort and their offspring. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:101. [PMID: 33250050 PMCID: PMC7702670 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-020-00694-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARG) belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily functioning as transcription factors to regulate cellular differentiation, development and metabolism. Moreover, it has been implicated in the regulation of lipid metabolism, as well as the maturation of monocytes/macrophages and the control of inflammatory reactions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the Pro12Ala (rs1808212) PPARG gene polymorphism on immune molecular and cellular components in mothers and their offspring participating in the PREOBE study. Methods DNA from maternal venous blood samples at 24, 34 and 40 gestational weeks, plus cord blood samples was extracted. Pro12Ala PPARG polymorphism genotyping was performed, and immune system markers were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results Study findings revealed no effect of rs1808212 PPARG genotypes on innate immune parameters in mothers and their offspring; however, CD4 + /CD8 + ratio were decreased at 24 and 34 weeks in pregnant women carrying the CG (Pro12Ala) rs1808212 polymorphism, (p = 0,012 and p = 0,030; respectively). Only CD19 levels in peripheral blood were significantly higher at delivery in pregnant women carrying the CC (Pro12Pro) genotype (p ≤ 0.001). Moreover, there were statistically significant differences in leukocytes and neutrophils maternal levels at 34 weeks of gestation, being lower in carriers of Pro12Ala genotype (p = 0.028 and p = 0.031, respectively). Conclusions Results suggest that Pro12Ala PPARG polymorphism may have an effect on some cell and immune parameters in pregnant women during pregnancy and at time of delivery. However, newborn innate immune system does not seems to be influenced by PPARG Pro12Ala polymorphism in cord blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria García-Ricobaraza
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibsGRANADA, Health Sciences Technological Park, Granada, Spain
| | - Mercedes García-Bermúdez
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibsGRANADA, Health Sciences Technological Park, Granada, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Torres-Espinola
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M Teresa Segura Moreno
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibsGRANADA, Health Sciences Technological Park, Granada, Spain
| | - Mathieu N Bleyere
- Department of Physiology, Haematology and Immunology, Nangui Abrogoua University, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Ligia E Díaz-Prieto
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Nova
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ascensión Marcos
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Campoy
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibsGRANADA, Health Sciences Technological Park, Granada, Spain. .,EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
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Khan S, Verma AK, Khan V, Bhatt D, Rafat S, Alsahli MA, Rahmani AH, Meena B, Naqvi IH, Dev K. Role of FTO and MC4R Polymorphisms in Escalating Obesity and Their Indirect Association With Risk of T2D in Indian Population. Diabetes Ther 2020; 11:2145-2157. [PMID: 32740722 PMCID: PMC7395207 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-020-00896-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity plays a pivotal role in the development of metabolic syndrome-excessive body fat, spikes in blood glucose levels and hypertension-and ultimately leads to cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes (T2D), if left unattended. The present study aimed to investigate the associated risk of T2D with obesity risk alleles of fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) and melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) genes. METHODS The study includes 400 subjects (300 T2D diabetic cases and 100 healthy controls). Genetic analysis was done by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods. RESULTS The findings of the study show no significant increase in odds of diabetes associated with the prevalence of FTO and MC4R minor alleles. Rare allele frequencies for "A" of FTO rs9939609 were 0.34 and 0.30 in cases and controls, respectively. Rare allele frequencies for A of MC4R rs12970134 were found to be more common in controls (0.45) than cases (0.41), but the difference was insignificant (p 0.246); however, an increase in body weight with the presence of allele "A" of the FTO gene (p value < 0.001) was found, indicating indirect involvement in the development of T2D. In addition, these were also correlated with the demographic/lifestyle and clinico-pathological parameters between T2D cases and controls. We found that T2D patients with a history of smoking and high consumption of alcohol, fast foods and sweetened beverages are at high risk of T2D compared to healthy controls (p < 0.01*). CONCLUSION The present study concludes that there is no direct association of rs9939609 of the FTO gene with the occurrence of diabetes in the Indian population, but its role in T2D development cannot be overlooked altogether. Furthermore, we conclude that the rs9939609 of FTO carries a potential risk of obesity and because of this FTO rs9939609 T > A is widely considered an obesity-associated allele/single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahbaz Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Kumar Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Vasiuddin Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepti Bhatt
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Sahar Rafat
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammed A Alsahli
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Babita Meena
- Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Kapil Dev
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
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11
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Wade KH, Clifford L, Simpkin AJ, Beynon R, Birch L, Northstone K, Matthews S, Davey Smith G, Hamilton-Shield J, Timpson NJ. Piloting the objective measurement of eating behaviour at a population scale: a nested study within the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Wellcome Open Res 2020; 5:185. [PMID: 34195383 PMCID: PMC8215563 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16091.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Effective measurement and adaption of eating behaviours, such as eating speed, may improve weight loss and weight over time. We assessed whether the Mandometer, a portable weighing scale connected to a computer that generates a graph of food removal rate from the plate to which it is connected, together with photo-imaging of food, might prove an effective approach to measuring eating behaviours at large scale. Methods: We deployed the Mandometer in the home environment to measure main meals over three days of 95 21-year-old participants of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. We used multi-level models to describe food weight and eating speed and, as exemplar analyses, examined the relationship of eating behaviours with body mass index (BMI), dietary composition (fat content) and genotypic variation (the FTO rs9939609 variant). Using this pilot data, we calculated the sample size required to detect differences in food weight and eating speed between groups of an exposure variable. Results: All participants were able to use the Mandometer effectively after brief training. In exemplar analyses, evidence suggested that obese participants consumed more food than those of "normal" weight (i.e., BMI 19 to <25 kg/m 2) and that A/A FTO homozygotes (an indicator of higher weight) ate at a faster rate compared to T/T homozygotes. There was also some evidence that those with a high-fat diet consumed less food than those with a low-fat diet, but no strong evidence that individuals with medium- or high-fat diets ate at a faster rate. Conclusions: We demonstrated the potential for assessing eating behaviour in a short-term home setting and combining this with information in a research setting. This study may offer the opportunity to design interventions tailored for at-risk eating behaviours, offering advantages over the "one size fits all" approach of current failing obesity interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin H. Wade
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Laura Clifford
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, BS2 8BJ, UK
| | - Andrew J. Simpkin
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Applied Mathematics, National University of Ireland, Galway, H91 H3CY, Ireland
| | - Rhona Beynon
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Laura Birch
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre Nutrition Theme, University of Bristol, University Hospitals Bristol Education & Research Centre, Bristol, BS1 3NU, UK
| | - Kate Northstone
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Sarah Matthews
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Julian Hamilton-Shield
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre Nutrition Theme, University of Bristol, University Hospitals Bristol Education & Research Centre, Bristol, BS1 3NU, UK
| | - Nicholas J. Timpson
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
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12
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Parreño-Madrigal IM, Díez-Fernández A, Martínez-Vizcaíno V, Visier-Alfonso ME, Garrido-Miguel M, Sánchez-López M. Prevalence of Risk of Eating Disorders and its Association with
Obesity and Fitness. Int J Sports Med 2020; 41:669-676. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1152-5064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe university stage is a critical developmental period for young adults, where
lifestyles can determine future health. A cross-sectional study including 481
college students was conducted, with the following objectives: 1) to examine the
prevalence of risk of developing eating disorders in college students, 2) to
assess differences in obesity and physical fitness in those with and without
risk of eating disorders, and 3) to determine whether cardiorespiratory fitness,
muscular fitness or fat mass were associated with the risk of eating disorders.
We measured fat mass percentage (by densitometry), risk of feeding or eating
disorders (by SCOFF questionnaire), cardiorespiratory fitness levels and a
muscular fitness index. The prevalence of risk of eating disorders in women
(32.4%) was higher than in men (17.4%) (p<0.001). In
both sexes, higher obesity indicator mean values were observed among those who
were at risk of eating disorders. Men participants without risk had higher
cardiorespiratory fitness means than their at-risk peers [39.4 (8.3) vs. 32.4
(5.5), p<0.001)], and women showed differences only in the
dynamometry/weight variable. In college students, it is necessary to
promote healthy habits, including good levels of physical fitness, and to
prevent excess body fat to effectively prevent eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Díez-Fernández
- Centro de Estudios Sociosanitarios, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha,
Cuenca, Spain
- Faculty of Nursing, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca,
Spain
| | | | - María Eugenia Visier-Alfonso
- Centro de Estudios Sociosanitarios, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha,
Cuenca, Spain
- Faculty of Nursing, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca,
Spain
| | - Miriam Garrido-Miguel
- Centro de Estudios Sociosanitarios, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha,
Cuenca, Spain
| | - Mairena Sánchez-López
- Centro de Estudios Sociosanitarios, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha,
Cuenca, Spain
- Faculty of Education, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real,
Spain
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13
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Gaudet DA, El-Desoky D, Poret JM, Braymer HD, Primeaux SD. Expression of neural markers of gustatory signaling are differentially altered by continuous and intermittent feeding patterns. Physiol Behav 2019; 212:112719. [PMID: 31634524 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Food intake patterns are regulated by signals from the gustatory neural circuit, a complex neural network that begins at the tongue and continues to homeostatic and hedonic brain regions involved in eating behavior. The goal of the current study was to investigate the short-term effects of continuous access to a high fat diet (HFD) versus limited access to dietary fat on the gustatory neural circuit. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a chow diet, a HFD (56% kcal from fat), or provided limited, daily (2 h/day) or limited, intermittent (2 h/day, 3 times/week) access to vegetable shortening for 2 weeks. Real time PCR was used to determine mRNA expression of markers of fat sensing/signaling (e.g. CD36) on the circumvallate papillae, markers of homeostatic eating in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) and markers of hedonic eating in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Continuous HFD increased mRNA levels of lingual CD36 and serotonin signaling, altered markers of homeostatic and hedonic eating. Limited, intermittent access to dietary fat selectively altered the expression of genes associated with the regulation of dopamine signaling. Overall, these data suggest that short-term, continuous access to HFD leads to altered fat taste and decreased expression of markers of homeostatic and hedonic eating. Limited, intermittent access, or binge-like, consumption of dietary fat led to an overall increase in markers of hedonic eating, without altering expression of lingual fat sensors or homeostatic eating. These data suggest that there are differential effects of meal patterns on gustatory neurocircuitry which may regulate the overconsumption of fat and lead to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darryl A Gaudet
- Department of Physiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Dalia El-Desoky
- Department of Physiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Jonquil M Poret
- Department of Physiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | | | - Stefany D Primeaux
- Department of Physiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Joint Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism Program, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
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14
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Adamska-Patruno E, Goscik J, Czajkowski P, Maliszewska K, Ciborowski M, Golonko A, Wawrusiewicz-Kurylonek N, Citko A, Waszczeniuk M, Kretowski A, Gorska M. The MC4R genetic variants are associated with lower visceral fat accumulation and higher postprandial relative increase in carbohydrate utilization in humans. Eur J Nutr 2019; 58:2929-2941. [PMID: 30945034 PMCID: PMC6768895 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-01955-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The interactions between lifestyle and genetic factors play an important role in obesity development. Mutations in melanocortin-4-receptor (MC4R) gene are one of the most common cause of monogenic obesity, however, the functional effects of polymorphic variants near MC4R gene in general populations remain uncertain. The aim of our study was to analyze whether the common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of MC4R gene influence the food preferences, physical activity, body fat content and distribution, as well as fasting and postprandial energy expenditure and substrates utilization. Methods We genotyped previously identified MC4R SNPs: rs17782313, rs633265, rs1350341, rs12970134 in 927 subjects, who underwent anthropometric, total body fat content, visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) measurements, and daily physical activity and dietary intake analysis. In randomly selected 47 subjects the energy expenditure, carbohydrate and lipid utilizations were evaluated in fasting state and after high-carbohydrate and control meals intake. Results We found the significant associations between studied SNPs of MC4R gene and VAT and VAT/SAT ratio. Moreover, the GG genotype carriers of rs1350341, who had the lowest VAT accumulation (p = 0.012), presented higher relative increase in postprandial carbohydrate utilization (p = 0.013, p = 0.024). Conclusions We have observed that common SNPs of the MC4R gene influence the body fat content and distribution, as well as relative increase in postprandial carbohydrate utilization. We believe that our study may help to understand better the impact of MC4R gene on obesity development, and to help to provide personalized prevention/treatment strategies to fight against obesity and its metabolic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Adamska-Patruno
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, M.C. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Joanna Goscik
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, M.C. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Czajkowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, M.C. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Maliszewska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, M.C. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Michał Ciborowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, M.C. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Golonko
- Department of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Bialystok, Mieszka I-go 4B, 15-054, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Natalia Wawrusiewicz-Kurylonek
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, M.C. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Citko
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, M.C. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Magdalena Waszczeniuk
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, M.C. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, M.C. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adam Kretowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, M.C. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, M.C. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Maria Gorska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, M.C. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland
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15
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Associations between obesity candidate gene polymorphisms (fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO), melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R), leptin (LEP) and leptin receptor (LEPR)) and dietary intake in pregnant women. Br J Nutr 2018; 120:454-463. [PMID: 29893663 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518001423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Genetic variants associated with dietary intake may be important as factors underlying the development of obesity. We investigated the associations between the obesity candidate genes (fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO), melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R), leptin (LEP) and leptin receptor) and total energy intake and percentage of energy from macronutrients and ultra-processed foods before and during pregnancy. A sample of 149 pregnant women was followed up in a prospective cohort in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A FFQ was administered at 5-13 and 30-36 weeks of gestation. Genotyping was performed using real-time PCR. Associations between polymorphisms and the outcomes were investigated through multiple linear regression and ANCOVA having pre-pregnancy dietary intake as a covariate. The A-allele of FTO-rs9939609 was associated with a -6·5 % (95 % CI -12·3, -0·4) decrease in the percentage of energy from protein and positively associated with the percentage of energy from carbohydrates before pregnancy (β=2·6; 95 % CI 0·5, 4·8) and with a 13·3 % (95 % CI 0·7, 27·5) increase in the total energy intake during pregnancy. The C-allele of MC4R-rs17782313 was associated with a -7·6 % (95 % CI -13·8, -1·0) decrease in the percentage of energy from protein, and positively associated with the percentage of energy from ultra-processed foods (β=5·4; 95 % CI 1·1, 9·8) during pregnancy. ANCOVA results revealed changes in dietary intake from pre-pregnancy to pregnancy for FTO-rs9939609 (percentage of energy from ultra-processed foods, P=0·03), MC4R-rs17782313 (total energy intake, P=0·02) and LEP-rs7799039 (total energy intake, P=0·04; percentage of energy from protein, P=0·04). These findings suggest significant associations between FTO-rs9939609, MC4R-rs17782313 and LEP-rs7799039 genes and the components of dietary intake in pregnant women.
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16
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Korani M, Rea DM, King PF, Brown AE. Maternal eating behaviour differs between ethnic groups: Considerations for research and practice. MATERNAL AND CHILD NUTRITION 2018; 14:e12630. [PMID: 29877039 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Maternal eating behaviours such as cognitive restraint, uncontrolled, and emotional eating styles can have important implications for both maternal own weight, and the weight and eating behaviour of her children. Maternal eating style can affect her feeding interactions with her child, which in turn can influence their weight and eating behaviour. However, despite a body of research examining these relationships, research examining differences in maternal eating behaviour between ethnic groups is sparse with much of the research, particularly in the UK, conducted with White British samples. The aim of the current research was therefore to explore how maternal eating behaviour may differ between ethnic groups in the UK; 659 UK mothers with a child aged 5-11 years completed a self-report questionnaire. Items included ethnicity, demographic data, and the 3-factor eating questionnaire to measure maternal cognitive restraint, uncontrolled, and emotional eating. Mothers from Chinese backgrounds were significantly higher in cognitive restraint and lower in emotional and uncontrolled eating compared with all groups. Conversely, mothers from South Asian backgrounds were the highest in emotional and uncontrolled eating and lower in cognitive restraint than all other groups. Black mothers were also higher in uncontrolled eating compared with White British and Chinese mothers. Variations in maternal eating behaviours vary between ethnic groups. Understanding how cultural factors may influence these variations is important, as maternal eating behaviours can influence her own and her child's weight. Maternal eating behaviour may therefore be a contributor to higher levels of overweight among South Asian and Black children living in the UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murhaf Korani
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Social Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - David M Rea
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Social Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Pete F King
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Social Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Amy E Brown
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Social Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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17
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Gartstein MA, Seamon E, Thompson SF, Lengua LJ. Parenting matters: Moderation of biological and community risk for obesity. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 56:21-34. [PMID: 29910526 PMCID: PMC6001288 DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Contributions of parental limit setting, negativity, scaffolding, warmth, and responsiveness to Body Mass Index (BMI) were examined. Parenting behaviors were observed in parent-child interactions, and child BMI was assessed at 5 years of age. Mothers provided demographic information and obtained child saliva samples used to derive cortisol concentration indicators (N = 250). Geospatial crime indices were computed based on publically available information for a subsample residing within the boundaries of a Pacific Northwest city (N = 114). Maternal warmth and limit setting moderated the association between child HPA-axis regulation and BMI. BMI was higher for children at lower cortisol concentrations with greater maternal warmth and lower for youngsters with mid-range cortisol values under high maternal limit setting. Maternal scaffolding moderated the effects of crime exposure, so that lower scaffolding translated into higher child BMI with greater neighborhood crime exposure. These parenting behaviors could be leveraged in obesity prevention/intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Gartstein
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, P.O. Box 644820, Pullman, WA 99164-4820, United States
| | - Erich Seamon
- Department of Forest, Rangeland, and Fire Science, University of Idaho, 975 W. 6th Street, Moscow, ID 83844-1142, United States
| | - Stephanie F. Thompson
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, 119A Guthrie Hall, Seattle, WA 98195-1525, United States
| | - Liliana J. Lengua
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, 119A Guthrie Hall, Seattle, WA 98195-1525, United States
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18
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Krishnan M, Thompson JMD, Mitchell EA, Murphy R, McCowan LME, Shelling AN, On Behalf Of The Children Of Scope Study Group G. Analysis of association of gene variants with obesity traits in New Zealand European children at 6 years of age. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2018. [PMID: 28636007 DOI: 10.1039/c7mb00104e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a public health problem, which is associated with a long-term increased risk of cardiovascular disease and premature mortality. Several gene variants have previously been identified that have provided novel insights into biological factors that contribute to the development of obesity. As obesity tracks through childhood into adulthood, identification of the genetic factors for obesity in early life is important. The objective of this study was to identify putative associations between genetic variants and obesity traits in children at 6 years of age. We recruited 1208 children of mothers from the New Zealand centre of the international Screening for Pregnancy Endpoints (SCOPE) study. Eighty common genetic variants associated with obesity traits were evaluated by the Sequenom assay. Body mass index standardised scores (BMI z-scores) and percentage body fat (PBF; measured by bio-impedance assay (BIA)) were used as anthropometric measures of obesity. A positive correlation was found between BMI z-scores and PBF (p < 0.001, r = 0.756). Two subsets of gene variants were associated with BMI z-scores (HOXB5-rs9299, SH2B1-rs7498665, NPC1-rs1805081 and MSRA-rs545854) and PBF (TMEM18-rs6548238, NPY-rs17149106, ETV-rs7647305, NPY-rs16139, TIMELESS-rs4630333, FTO-rs9939609, UCP2-rs659366, MAP2K5-rs2241423 and FAIM2-rs7138803) in the genotype models. However, there was an absence of overlapping association between any of the gene variants with BMI z-scores and PBF. A further five variants were associated with BMI z-scores (TMEM18-rs6548238, FTO-rs9939609 and MC4R-rs17782313) and PBF (SH2B1-rs7498665 and FTO-rs1421085) once separated by genetic models (additive, recessive and dominant) of inheritance. This study has identified significant associations between numerous gene variants selected on the basis of prior association with obesity and obesity traits in New Zealand European children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohanraj Krishnan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - John M D Thompson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Auckland, New Zealand. and Department of Paediatrics: Child & Youth Health, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Edwin A Mitchell
- Department of Paediatrics: Child & Youth Health, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rinki Murphy
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand and Maurice Wilkins Centre for Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lesley M E McCowan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Andrew N Shelling
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
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19
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Korani M, Rea DM, King PF, Brown AE. Significant differences in maternal child-feeding style between ethnic groups in the UK: the role of deprivation and parenting styles. J Hum Nutr Diet 2018; 31:625-633. [PMID: 29611252 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonresponsive maternal child-feeding interactions, such as restricting, pressurising and emotional feeding, can affect the ability of a child to self-regulate intake and increase the risk of becoming overweight. However, despite findings that South Asian and Black children living in the UK are more likely to be overweight, UK research has not considered how maternal child-feeding style might differ between ethnic groups. The present study aimed to explore variations in maternal child-feeding style between ethnic groups in the UK, taking into account associated factors such as deprivation and parenting style. METHODS Six hundred and fifty-nine UK mothers with a child who was aged 5-11 years old completed a questionnaire. Items included ethnicity and demographic data, as well as copies of the Child Feeding Questionnaire, Parental Feeding Styles Questionnaire and Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire. RESULTS Significant differences in perceived responsibility (P = 0.002), restriction (P = 0.026), pressure to eat (P = 0.045), instrumental feeding (P = 0.000) and emotional feeding (P = 0.000) were found between the groups. Mothers from South Asian backgrounds reported higher levels of pressure to eat, emotional feeding and indulgent feeding styles, whereas mothers from Chinese backgrounds reported greater perceived responsibility and restriction. Mothers from Black and White British backgrounds were not significantly higher with respect to any behaviour. Maternal child-feeding style was also associated with deprivation and parenting style, although these did not fully explain the data. CONCLUSIONS Understanding cultural factors behind maternal child-feeding style, particularly around pressurising and indulgent feeding behaviours, may play an important part in reducing levels of children who are overweight and obese in the UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Korani
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Social Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - D M Rea
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Social Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - P F King
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Social Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - A E Brown
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Social Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The objective of this paper is to review the role that hedonic factors, emotions and self-regulation systems have over eating behaviours from animal models to humans. RECENT FINDINGS Evidence has been found to suggest that for some high-risk individuals, obesity/binge eating may develop as an impulsive reaction to negative emotions that over time becomes a compulsive habit. Animal models highlight the neural mechanisms that might underlie this process and suggest similarities with substance use disorders. Emotional difficulties and neurobiological factors have a role in the aetiology of eating and weight disorders. Precise treatments targeted at these mechanisms may be of help for people who have difficulties with compulsive overeating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Turton
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Eating Disorders, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, 103 Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AZ, UK.
| | - Rayane Chami
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Eating Disorders, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, 103 Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AZ, UK
| | - Janet Treasure
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Eating Disorders, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, 103 Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AZ, UK
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21
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Yang Q, Xiao T, Guo J, Su Z. Complex Relationship between Obesity and the Fat Mass and Obesity Locus. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:615-629. [PMID: 28539834 PMCID: PMC5441178 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.17051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the 21st century, obesity has become a serious problem because of increasing obese patients and numerous metabolic complications. The primary reasons for this situation are environmental and genetic factors. In 2007, FTO (fat mass and obesity associated) was the first gene identified through a genome-wide association study (GWAS) associated with obesity in humans. Subsequently, a cluster of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the first intron of the FTO gene was discovered to be associated with BMI and body composition. Various studies have explored the mechanistic basis behind this association. Thus, emerging evidence showed that FTO plays a key role regulating adipose tissue development and functions in body size and composition. Recent prevalent research topic concentrated in the three neighboring genes of FTO: RPGRIP1L, IRX3 and IRX5, as having a functional link between obesity-associated common variants within FTO and the observed human phenotypes. The purpose of this review is to present a comprehensive picture of the impact of FTO on obesity susceptibility and to illuminate these new studies of FTO function in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Yang
- Key Research Center of Liver Regulation for Hyperlipidemia SATCM/Class III Laboratory of Metabolism SATCM, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Tiancun Xiao
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, OX1 3QR, United Kingdom.,Guangzhou Boxabio Technology Ltd, Guangzhou Science City, P R China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Key Research Center of Liver Regulation for Hyperlipidemia SATCM/Class III Laboratory of Metabolism SATCM, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Key Research Center of Liver Regulation for Hyperlipidemia SATCM/Class III Laboratory of Metabolism SATCM, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Monnereau C, Jansen PW, Tiemeier H, Jaddoe VWV, Felix JF. Influence of genetic variants associated with body mass index on eating behavior in childhood. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017; 25:765-772. [PMID: 28245097 PMCID: PMC5496668 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Childhood eating behaviors are associated with body mass index (BMI). Recent genome-wide association studies have identified many single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with adult and childhood BMI. This study hypothesized that these SNPs also influence eating behavior. METHODS In a population-based prospective cohort study among 3,031 children (mean age [standard deviation]: 4.0 [0.1] years), two weighted genetic risk scores, based on 15 childhood and 97 adult BMI SNPs, and ten individual appetite- and/or satiety-related SNPs were tested for association with food fussiness, food responsiveness, enjoyment of food, satiety responsiveness, and slowness in eating. RESULTS The 15 SNP-based childhood BMI genetic risk score was not associated with the eating behavior subscales. The 97 SNP-based adult BMI genetic risk score was nominally associated with satiety responsiveness (β: -0.007 standard deviation, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.013, 0.000). Of the 10 individual SNPs, rs11030104 in BDNF and rs10733682 in LMX1B were nominally associated with satiety responsiveness (β: -0.057 standard deviation, 95% CI -0.112, -0.002). CONCLUSIONS These findings do not strongly support the hypothesis that BMI-associated SNPs also influence eating behavior at this age. A potential role for BMI SNPs in satiety responsiveness during childhood was observed; however, no associations with the other eating behavior subscales were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Monnereau
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pauline W Jansen
- Institute of Psychology, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Janine F Felix
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Kirac D, Kasimay Cakir O, Avcilar T, Deyneli O, Kurtel H, Yazici D, Kaspar EC, Celik N, Guney AI. Effects of MC4R, FTO, and NMB gene variants to obesity, physical activity, and eating behavior phenotypes. IUBMB Life 2016; 68:806-16. [PMID: 27634552 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a major contributory factor of morbidity and mortality. It has been suggested that biological systems may be involved in the tendency to be and to remain physically inactive also behaviors such as food and beverage preferences and nutrient intake may at least partially genetically determined. Consequently, besides environment, genetic factors may also contribute to the level of physical activity and eating behaviors thus effect obesity. Therefore the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of various gene mutations on obesity, physical activity levels and eating behavior phenotypes. One hundred patients and 100 controls were enrolled to the study. Physical activity levels were measured with an actical acceloremeter device. Eating behaviors were evaluated using Three-Factor Eating questionnaire (TFEQ). Associations between eating behavior scores and physical characteristics were also evaluated. The information about other obesity risk factors were also collected. Mutations were investigated with PCR, direct sequencing and Real-Time PCR. rs1051168, rs8050146 -2778C > T mutations were found statistically significant in patients, rs1121980 was found statistically significant in controls. 21 mutations were found in MC4R and near MC4R of which 18 of them are novel and 8 of them cause amino acid change. In addition, it was found that, some obesity related factors and questions of TFEQ are associated with various investigated gene mutations. Any relation between gene mutations and physical activity levels were not detected. It is thought that, due to the genotype data and eating behaviors, it may be possible to recommend patients for proper eating patterns to prevent obesity. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 68(10):806-816, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Kirac
- Department of Medical Biology, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | | | - Tuba Avcilar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oguzhan Deyneli
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hizir Kurtel
- Department of Physiology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Yazici
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Nurgul Celik
- Department of Medical Genetics, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ilter Guney
- Department of Medical Genetics, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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24
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Amarger V, Bouvagnet A, Moyon T, Vaiman D, Darmaun D, de Lauzon-Guillain B, Robitaille J, Flamant C, Rozé JC, Parnet P. A Common Genetic Variant in the Insulin Receptor Gene Is Associated with Eating Difficulties at 2 Years of Age in a Cohort of Preterm Infants. JOURNAL OF NUTRIGENETICS AND NUTRIGENOMICS 2015; 8:153-63. [PMID: 26629831 DOI: 10.1159/000442159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Children born preterm are more likely than full-term infants to develop eating difficulties that can affect their growth. Although this behavior is certainly influenced by their fetal and postnatal history, a large individual variability exists that results from a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. We performed an original pilot study to identify common genetic variants associated with eating difficulties at 2 years of age in the POLYNUCA cohort of preterm infants. METHODS Eating behavior was assessed using a parental questionnaire in a cohort of 234 very preterm infants (including 38 pairs of twins). Eighty-two common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected in a total of 40 candidate genes involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis and food intake. RESULTS Eating behavior was strongly correlated in monozygotic (r = 0.92, p = 0.001) but not dizygotic twins (r = 0.27, p = 0.14), suggesting a strong heritability of this trait. One SNP (rs11671975) in the insulin receptor (INSR) gene was significantly associated with eating behavior. This effect was maintained after adjustment for birth weight Z score and maternal education level, two factors that are associated with eating difficulties at 2 years of age. CONCLUSION The INSR gene is potentially associated with eating difficulties in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Amarger
- UMR 1280, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Universitx00E9; de Nantes, Nantes, France
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25
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Miquel-Kergoat S, Azais-Braesco V, Burton-Freeman B, Hetherington MM. Effects of chewing on appetite, food intake and gut hormones: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Physiol Behav 2015; 151:88-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
While eating disorders and obesity have traditionally been conceptualized as separate conditions, recent research suggests important overlap in several areas including etiology, comorbidity, risk factors, and prevention approaches. Examining the commonality among these conditions is particularly important as adolescents who present with both eating disorder symptomology and obesity demonstrate poorer outcomes within weight control treatments and are at greater risk for future development of full threshold eating disorders and additional weight gain. The purpose of this paper is to review the research examining the overlap in prevalence rates for eating disorders and obesity in adolescents, as well as shared etiology, risk factors, and psychiatric and medical comorbidities. Current preventive and treatment approaches also will be discussed, while highlighting the need for more integrated assessment, prevention, and treatment efforts that focus on maladaptive eating and activity patterns shared by both eating disorders and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Rancourt
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Ave., PCD4118G, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA,
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27
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Bass R, Eneli I. Severe childhood obesity: an under-recognised and growing health problem. Postgrad Med J 2015; 91:639-45. [PMID: 26338983 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2014-133033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a serious and urgent public health problem. In the last 10 years, there has been a concerted effort in the USA and globally to develop and implement educational, medical and public health interventions designed to attenuate its growth. The success of these efforts was probably responsible for the plateau in the prevalence rate of childhood obesity noted in the last two years. While the attenuation of the overall prevalence of childhood obesity is promising, data from the same cohort reveal a concerning upward trend in the number of children with severe obesity. The consequences of severe childhood obesity can be devastating. When compared to their moderately obese peers, children with severe obesity are at greater risk for adult obesity, early atherosclerosis, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, fatty liver disease and premature death. The determinants for severe obesity include the same lifestyle, environmental, familial and societal risk factors reported for overweight or obesity. While all these risk factors must be screened for, genetic influences are distinct considerations that may have greater bearing especially with early-onset obesity. Treatments for severe childhood obesity include lifestyle intervention, specialised low-calorie diets and bariatric surgery. Outcomes of these treatments vary, with bariatric surgery clearly the most successful of the three for both short-term and long-term weight loss. Severe obesity in children and adolescents remains a challenging health condition. The enormous medical, emotional and financial burden these children and their families endure signals an urgent need to further investigate and standardise treatment modalities and improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosara Bass
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ihuoma Eneli
- Center for Healthy Weight and Nutrition, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Horner K, Lee S. Appetite-related peptides in childhood and adolescence: role of ghrelin, PYY, and GLP-1. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2015; 40:1089-99. [PMID: 26466085 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
During childhood and adolescence, a number of factors, including age, puberty, sex, race, and body composition, may contribute to differences in satiety, food intake, and appetite-related peptides. These peptides include the orexigenic peptide ghrelin and anorexigenic gut peptides peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). For example, lower fasting ghrelin levels, lower postprandial ghrelin suppression, and blunted PYY and GLP-1 responses to food intake could contribute to a dysregulation of appetite in already obese children and adolescents. Whereas, changes in these peptides observed during puberty could facilitate growth. A greater understanding of the major moderating factors of appetite-related peptides in the pediatric population is essential to improve interpretation of study findings and for effective tailoring of strategies targeting appetite control to individuals. While more studies are needed, there is some evidence to suggest that exercise-based lifestyle interventions could be a potential therapeutic strategy to improve appetite-peptide profiles in overweight and obese children and adolescents. The aim of this review is (i) to discuss the potential moderating factors of ghrelin, PYY, and GLP-1, including age and puberty, sex, race and body composition; and (ii) to examine the effects of exercise interventions on these appetite-related gut peptides in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy Horner
- Division of Weight Management and Wellness, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15226, USA.,Division of Weight Management and Wellness, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15226, USA
| | - SoJung Lee
- Division of Weight Management and Wellness, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15226, USA.,Division of Weight Management and Wellness, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15226, USA
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Zykova SN, Storhaug HM, Toft I, Chadban SJ, Jenssen TG, White SL. Cross-sectional analysis of nutrition and serum uric acid in two Caucasian cohorts: the AusDiab Study and the Tromsø study. Nutr J 2015; 14:49. [PMID: 25971955 PMCID: PMC4459487 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-015-0032-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperuricemia can lead to gout, and may be a risk factor for cardiovascular events, hypertension, diabetes and renal disease. There is well-known link between gout and habitual intake of meat and seafood, however the association between hyperuricemia and micro-and macro-nutrient intake has not been established. Methods We studied associations between intakes of food categories, macro-and micronutrients and serum uric acid (SUA) levels in two cross-sectional surveys of Caucasian adults deriving from different food traditions: Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study 1999/00 (n=9734, age 25–91) and Tromsø Study 4 1994/95 (n = 3031, age 25–69). Dietary intake was calculated from self-administered Food Frequency Questionnaires. In some analyses we stratified according to abdominal obesity status and gender. Results In both cohorts, lower levels of SUA were found in subjects with higher consumption of carbohydrates, calcium and vitamin B2, while higher fat intake was associated with higher SUA, after adjustment for age, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, physical activity, total energy intake, use of diuretics, presence of hypertension, diabetes and gout. Among individual food items, high consumption of dairy products, high-fibre bread, cereals and fruits were associated with lower SUA in most subject groups while consumption of meat, eggs, beer and spirits, but not wine, with elevated levels. Conclusions Healthy food choices with high intake of carbohydrates, dairy products, fiber and micronutrient-rich foods, and limited intake of fat, beer and spirits, might be recommended to prevent high SUA. Dietary factors seem to have qualitatively similar impact on SUA in obese and non-obese men and women from Australia and Norway. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12937-015-0032-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana N Zykova
- Clinical Research Department, University Hospital of North Norway, 9038, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Hilde M Storhaug
- University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Ingrid Toft
- Clinical Research Department, University Hospital of North Norway, 9038, Tromsø, Norway. .,University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Steven J Chadban
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia. .,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Trond G Jenssen
- University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway. .,Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Sarah L White
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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Dubinina IA, Chistiakov DA, Eremina IA, Brovkin AN, Zilberman LI, Nikitin AG, Kuraeva TL, Nosikov VV, Peterkova VA, Dedov II. Studying progression from glucose intolerance to type 2 diabetes in obese children. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2014; 8:133-137. [PMID: 25127329 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM Identification of metabolic and genetic factors capable to mediate progression from normal glucose tolerance (NGT) through impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) to type 2 diabetes (T2D) in childhood obesity. PATIENTS AND METHODS Three groups of obese children with NGT (n=54), IGT (n=35), and T2D (n=62) were evaluated. A control group of non-obese normal children (n=210) was also studied. In obese patients, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed. Insulin resistance (IR) was assessed using HOMA-IR index. Insulin sensitivity (IS) was assessed according to the Matsuda formula. Genomic DNA from obese and control children was genotyped for genetic variants of PPARG, ADIPOQ, ADIPOR1, FTO, TCF7L2, and KCNJ11 using a real-time PCR strategy. The unpaired Student's t-test and Kruskal-Wallis one-way test were used to compare quantitative data in two and more groups. To assess the extent to which the various genetic variants were associated with pathology, ORs (odds ratios) and 95% CI (confidence interval) were estimated. RESULTS In T2D children, HOMA-IR value (7.5±3.1) was significantly (P<0.001) higher than that in IGT (4.21±2.25) and NGT (4.1±2.4) subjects. The Matsuda IS index was significantly increased in normoglycemic patients compared to IGT individuals (2.8±1.75 vs. 2.33±1.2, P<0.05). The Pro12Ala polymorphism of PPARG was significantly associated with obesity (OR=1.74, 95% CI=1.19-2.55, P=0.004) and T2D in obesity (OR=2.01, 95% CI=1.24-3.26, P=0.004). CONCLUSION IR is a major risk factor that mediates progression from NGT to clinical T2D in Russian obese children. This progression may be genetically influenced by the Pro12Ala variant of PPARG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina A Dubinina
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dimitry A Chistiakov
- Department of Medical Bionanotechnology, Pirogov Russian State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Irina A Eremina
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexei N Brovkin
- Federal Research Clinical Center of Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Alexei G Nikitin
- Federal Research Clinical Center of Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tamara L Kuraeva
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valery V Nosikov
- Federal Research Clinical Center of Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Ivan I Dedov
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow, Russia
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Han L, Tang L, Wang C, Chen Z, Zhang T, Chen S, Liu S, Peng X, Mai Y, Duan S. Fat mass and obesity-associated gene rs11642015 polymorphism is significantly associated with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes subsequent to adjustment for body mass index. Biomed Rep 2014; 2:681-686. [PMID: 25054011 DOI: 10.3892/br.2014.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The association of the fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) rs11642015 polymorphism with prediabetes, type 2 diabetes and obesity in certain populations has not been previously reported. A population-based study was conducted that included 490 type 2 diabetic, 471 prediabetic and 575 normal subjects. The main outcomes of the study were prediabetes, type 2 diabetes and obesity. Binary logistic regression was performed to estimate the association of FTO rs11642015 with the risk of prediabetes, type 2 diabetes and obesity following adjustment for the corresponding confounders. A meta-analysis was also conducted to evaluate the association between FTO rs11642015 and obesity. FTO rs11642015 was significantly associated with prediabetes in the whole sample under the additive model [odds ratio (OR), 1.50; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.17-1.93; P=0.002], particularly in females. The polymorphism remained consistently significant following adjustment for age and body mass index (BMI), showing an increased prediabetes risk with an additive effect (OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.19-2.01; P=0.001). In addition, a significant association was found for rs11642015 with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes under the dominant model. However, under the stringent Bonferroni's correction there was no evidence of positive associations for FTO rs11642015 with obesity in the whole sample, females or males. Findings of the meta-analysis showed that FTO rs11642015 was not predisposed to obesity. In conclusion, the T allele of FTO rs11642015 is positively associated with an increased risk of prediabetes, even after adjustment for age and BMI, particularly in females. Subjects carrying the CT + TT genotype are predisposed to prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. Therefore, results of the population-based study and follow-up meta-analysis suggested that FTO rs11642015 is not significantly associated with susceptibility to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Han
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Diabetes Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Tang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Diabetes Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Changyi Wang
- Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518054, P.R. China
| | - Zhongwei Chen
- Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518054, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518054, P.R. China
| | - Sihan Chen
- Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518054, P.R. China
| | - Shengyuan Liu
- Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518054, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolin Peng
- Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518054, P.R. China
| | - Yifeng Mai
- The Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, P.R. China
| | - Shiwei Duan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Diabetes Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
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Łuczyński W, Fendler W, Ramatowska A, Szypowska A, Szadkowska A, Młynarski W, Chumiecki M, Jarosz-Chobot P, Chrzanowska J, Noczyńska A, Brandt A, Myśliwiec M, Głowińska-Olszewska B, Bernatowicz P, Kowalczuk O, Bossowski A. Polymorphism of the FTO Gene Influences Body Weight in Children with Type 1 Diabetes without Severe Obesity. Int J Endocrinol 2014; 2014:630712. [PMID: 25214838 PMCID: PMC4156980 DOI: 10.1155/2014/630712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective was to compare the impact of clinical and genetic factors on body mass index (BMI) in children with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) without severe obesity. A total of 1,119 children with T1DM (aged 4-18 years) were qualified to take part in the study. All children were genotyped for variants of FTO, MC4R, INSIG2, FASN, NPC1, PTER, SIRT1, MAF, IRT1, and CD36. Results. Variants of FTO showed significant association with BMI-SDS in the T1DM group. The main factors influencing BMI-SDS in children with T1DM included female gender (P = 0.0003), poor metabolic control (P = 0.0001), and carriage of the A allele of the FTO rs9939609 gene (P = 0.02). Conclusion. Our research indicates, when assessing, the risk of overweight and obesity carriage of the A allele in the rs9939609 site of the FTO gene adds to that of female gender and poor metabolic control. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01279161).
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Affiliation(s)
- Włodzimierz Łuczyński
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology with Cardiology Division, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok 15-274, Poland
- *Włodzimierz Łuczyński:
| | - Wojciech Fendler
- Department of Paediatrics, Oncology, Haematology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 91-738, Poland
| | - Anna Ramatowska
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw 01-184, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szypowska
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw 01-184, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szadkowska
- Department of Paediatrics, Oncology, Haematology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 91-738, Poland
| | - Wojciech Młynarski
- Department of Paediatrics, Oncology, Haematology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 91-738, Poland
| | - Miron Chumiecki
- Department of Paediatrics, Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Silesia, in Katowice, Katowice 40-752, Poland
| | - Przemysława Jarosz-Chobot
- Department of Paediatrics, Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Silesia, in Katowice, Katowice 40-752, Poland
| | - Joanna Chrzanowska
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology of Children and Adolescents, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw 50-268, Poland
| | - Anna Noczyńska
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology of Children and Adolescents, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw 50-268, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Brandt
- Department of Paediatrics, Diabetology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-211, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Myśliwiec
- Department of Paediatrics, Diabetology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-211, Poland
| | - Barbara Głowińska-Olszewska
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology with Cardiology Division, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok 15-274, Poland
| | - Paweł Bernatowicz
- Department of Haematology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok 15-274, Poland
| | - Oksana Kowalczuk
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok 15-274, Poland
| | - Artur Bossowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology with Cardiology Division, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok 15-274, Poland
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Ortega-Azorín C, Sorlí JV, Asensio EM, Coltell O, Martínez-González MÁ, Salas-Salvadó J, Covas MI, Arós F, Lapetra J, Serra-Majem L, Gómez-Gracia E, Fiol M, Sáez-Tormo G, Pintó X, Muñoz MA, Ros E, Ordovás JM, Estruch R, Corella D. Associations of the FTO rs9939609 and the MC4R rs17782313 polymorphisms with type 2 diabetes are modulated by diet, being higher when adherence to the Mediterranean diet pattern is low. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2012; 11:137. [PMID: 23130628 PMCID: PMC3495759 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-11-137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although the Fat Mass and Obesity (FTO) and Melanocortin-4 Receptor (MC4R) genes have been consistently associated with obesity risk, the association between the obesity-risk alleles with type 2 diabetes is still controversial. In some recent meta-analyses in which significant results have been reported, the associations disappeared after adjustment for body mass index (BMI). However gene-diet interactions with dietary patterns have not been investigated. Our main aim was to analyze whether these associations are modulated by the level of adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet). Methods Case-control study in 7,052 high cardiovascular risk subjects (3,430 type 2 diabetes cases and 3,622 non-diabetic subjects) with no differences in BMI. Diet was assessed by validated questionnaires. FTO-rs9939609 and MC4R-rs17782313 were determined. An aggregate genetic score was calculated to test additive effects. Gene-diet interactions were analyzed. Results Neither of the polymorphisms was associated with type 2 diabetes in the whole population. However, we found consistent gene-diet interactions with adherence to the MedDiet both for the FTO-rs9939609 (P-interaction=0.039), the MC4R-rs17782313 (P-interaction=0.009) and for their aggregate score (P-interaction=0.006). When adherence to the MedDiet was low, carriers of the variant alleles had higher type 2 diabetes risk (OR=1.21, 95%CI: 1.03-1.40; P=0.019 for FTO-rs9939609 and OR=1.17, 95%CI:1.01-1.36; P=0.035 for MC4R-rs17782313) than wild-type subjects. However, when adherence to the MedDiet was high, these associations disappeared (OR=0.97, 95%CI: 0.85-1.16; P=0.673 for FTO-rs9939609 and OR=0.89, 95%CI:0.78-1.02; P=0.097 for MC4R-rs17782313). These gene-diet interactions remained significant even after adjustment for BMI. As MedDiet is rich in folate, we also specifically examined folate intake and detected statistically significant interaction effects on fasting plasma glucose concentrations in non-diabetic subjects. However these findings should be interpreted with caution because folate intake may simply reflect a healthy dietary pattern. Conclusions These novel results suggest that the association of the FTO-rs9939609 and the MC4R-rs17782313 polymorphisms with type 2 diabetes depends on diet and that a high adherence to the MedDiet counteracts the genetic predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Ortega-Azorín
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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