1
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Silva RH, Pedro LC, Manosso LM, Gonçalves CL, Réus GZ. Pre- and Post-Synaptic protein in the major depressive Disorder: From neurobiology to therapeutic targets. Neuroscience 2024; 556:14-24. [PMID: 39103041 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) has demonstrated its negative impact on various aspects of the lives of those affected. Although several therapies have been developed over the years, it remains a challenge for mental health professionals. Thus, understanding the pathophysiology of MDD is necessary to improve existing treatment options or seek new therapeutic alternatives. Clinical and preclinical studies in animal models of depression have shown the involvement of synaptic plasticity in both the development of MDD and the response to available drugs. However, synaptic plasticity involves a cascade of events, including the action of presynaptic proteins such as synaptophysin and synapsins and postsynaptic proteins such as postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95). Additionally, several factors can negatively impact the process of spinogenesis/neurogenesis, which are related to many outcomes, including MDD. Thus, this narrative review aims to deepen the understanding of the involvement of synaptic formations and their components in the pathophysiology and treatment of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritele H Silva
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Department of Health Sciences, Campus Araranguá, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88906-072 Araranguá, SC, Brazil
| | - Lucas C Pedro
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Luana M Manosso
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Cinara L Gonçalves
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Z Réus
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
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2
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Shi HJ, Wang S, Wang XP, Zhang RX, Zhu LJ. Hippocampus: Molecular, Cellular, and Circuit Features in Anxiety. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:1009-1026. [PMID: 36680709 PMCID: PMC10264315 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01020-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are currently a major psychiatric and social problem, the mechanisms of which have been only partially elucidated. The hippocampus serves as a major target of stress mediators and is closely related to anxiety modulation. Yet so far, its complex anatomy has been a challenge for research on the mechanisms of anxiety regulation. Recent advances in imaging, virus tracking, and optogenetics/chemogenetics have permitted elucidation of the activity, connectivity, and function of specific cell types within the hippocampus and its connected brain regions, providing mechanistic insights into the elaborate organization of the hippocampal circuitry underlying anxiety. Studies of hippocampal neurotransmitter systems, including glutamatergic, GABAergic, cholinergic, dopaminergic, and serotonergic systems, have contributed to the interpretation of the underlying neural mechanisms of anxiety. Neuropeptides and neuroinflammatory factors are also involved in anxiety modulation. This review comprehensively summarizes the hippocampal mechanisms associated with anxiety modulation, based on molecular, cellular, and circuit properties, to provide tailored targets for future anxiety treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu-Jiang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xin-Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Rui-Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Li-Juan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201108, China.
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3
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Asghar H, Ahmed T. Comparative Study of Time-Dependent Aluminum Exposure and Post-Exposure Recovery Shows Better Improvement in Synaptic Changes and Neuronal Pathology in Rat Brain After Short-Term Exposure. Neurochem Res 2023:10.1007/s11064-023-03936-6. [PMID: 37093344 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03936-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum is a ubiquitous metal that causes multiple brain pathologies such as, cognitive dysfunction and Alzheimer's disease like symptoms. Exposure to aluminum through drinking water is responsible for hampering learning and memory. This study aimed to compare (1) the time-dependent effect of aluminum exposure (keeping total exposure of 5850 mg/kg same) in two durations, 30 and 45 days, and (2) to compare post-exposure self-recovery effect after 20 days in both (30 and 45 days exposure) groups. Rats were given 130 and 195 mg/kg of AlCl3·6H2O for 45 and 30 days respectively, to see the time-dependent exposure effect. At the end of exposure, rats were given distilled water and allowed to self-recover for 20 days to study the recovery. Expression levels of synaptic genes (Syp, SNAP25, Nrxn1/2, PSD95, Shank1/2, Homer1, CamkIV, Nrg1/2 and Kalrn) were measured using qPCR and compared in the exposure and recovery groups. Cellular morphology of the rat brain cortex and hippocampus was also investigated. Damage in lipid and protein profile was measured by employing FTIR. Results showed downregulation of mRNA expression of synaptic genes, plaques deposition, disorganization in lipid and protein profile by increasing membrane fluidity, and disorder and alteration of protein secondary structure after both exposure periods. However, better improvement/recovery in these parameters were observed in recovery group of 30 days aluminum exposure compared to 45 days aluminum exposure group. Taken together, these results suggested that short-term exposure resulted in better restoration of lipid and protein profile after time-dependent exposure of aluminum than prolonged exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humna Asghar
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Sector H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Touqeer Ahmed
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Sector H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
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4
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Papale LA, Madrid A, Zhang Q, Chen K, Sak L, Keleş S, Alisch RS. Gene by environment interaction mouse model reveals a functional role for 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in neurodevelopmental disorders. Genome Res 2022; 32:266-279. [PMID: 34949667 PMCID: PMC8805724 DOI: 10.1101/gr.276137.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mouse knockouts of Cntnap2 show altered neurodevelopmental behavior, deficits in striatal GABAergic signaling, and a genome-wide disruption of an environmentally sensitive DNA methylation modification (5-hydroxymethylcytosine [5hmC]) in the orthologs of a significant number of genes implicated in human neurodevelopmental disorders. We tested adult Cntnap2 heterozygous mice (Cntnap2 +/-; lacking behavioral or neuropathological abnormalities) subjected to a prenatal stress and found that prenatally stressed Cntnap2 +/- female mice show repetitive behaviors and altered sociability, similar to the homozygote phenotype. Genomic profiling revealed disruptions in hippocampal and striatal 5hmC levels that are correlated to altered transcript levels of genes linked to these phenotypes (e.g., Reln, Dst, Trio, and Epha5). Chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with high-throughput sequencing and hippocampal nuclear lysate pull-down data indicated that 5hmC abundance alters the binding of the transcription factor CLOCK near the promoters of these genes (e.g., Palld, Gigyf1, and Fry), providing a mechanistic role for 5hmC in gene regulation. Together, these data support gene-by-environment hypotheses for the origins of mental illness and provide a means to identify the elusive factors contributing to complex human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia A Papale
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53719, USA
| | - Andy Madrid
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53719, USA
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53719, USA
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department Mathematics and Statistics, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - Kailei Chen
- Department of Statistics, Biostatistics, and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53719, USA
| | - Lara Sak
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53719, USA
| | - Sündüz Keleş
- Department of Statistics, Biostatistics, and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53719, USA
| | - Reid S Alisch
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53719, USA
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5
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de Melo SR, Gremaschi LB, Blanco LFMSB, Orathes BM, Tarosso IVA, Bernardi TC. Short Juvenile Stress Has No Long-Lasting Effects on Anxiety-Like Behavior, Object Recognition Memory, or Gross Brain Morphology but Affects Dendritic Spines in the Hippocampus in Male Rats. Dev Neurosci 2022; 44:466-477. [PMID: 35287128 DOI: 10.1159/000523955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE During the juvenile stage, such areas as the hippocampus and corpus callosum (CC) are still immature and sensitive to stress exposure. The present study investigated whether two different types of stressors in the juvenile stage of life have a long-lasting impact on behavior and biological outcomes in adult rats. METHODS Male juvenile rats were exposed to restraint or predator stress on postnatal day 25 (P25) for 3 days. Thirty-two days later (P60-74), behavioral and biological analyses were conducted. The behavioral analysis included measures of anxiety-like behavior and recognition memory. The biological analysis investigated gross cerebral morphology, based on volume analysis of the CC and hippocampus, perirhinal cortex thickness, and dendritic spine density. RESULTS Neither restraint stress nor predator stress affected anxiety-like behavior or object recognition memory in adulthood. Body weight and adrenal gland weight were unaffected by both types of stress. Overall, volumetric measures of the CC and hippocampus were not significant, with no changes in perirhinal cortex thickness. Spine density in the medial prefrontal cortex also was unaffected, but a decrease in dendritic spine density was found in the hippocampus in response to restraint stress and an increase to predator stress. CONCLUSION Short-term and daily restraint and predator stress during the juvenile stage had no long-lasting effects on anxiety-like behavior, object memory, volume of the CC or hippocampus, or perirhinal cortex thickness, but a decrease in dendritic spine density was found in the hippocampus. These findings suggest that different types of stressors have different impacts on microstructures in the brain without affecting behavior or the gross morphology of stress-sensitive brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Regina de Melo
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Biological Science Center, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Lucas B Gremaschi
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Biological Science Center, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe M S B Blanco
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Biological Science Center, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Bárbara M Orathes
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Biological Science Center, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Isabela V A Tarosso
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Biological Science Center, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Tuany C Bernardi
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Biological Science Center, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
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6
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Reshetnikov VV, Bondar NP. The Role of Stress-Induced Changes of Homer1 Expression in Stress Susceptibility. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 86:613-626. [PMID: 34225586 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921060018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Stress negatively affects processes of synaptic plasticity and is a major risk factor of various psychopathologies such as depression and anxiety. HOMER1 is an important component of the postsynaptic density: constitutively expressed long isoforms HOMER1b and HOMER1c bind to group I metabotropic glutamate receptors MGLUR1 (GRM1) and MGLUR5 and to other effector proteins, thereby forming a postsynaptic protein scaffold. Activation of the GLUR1-HOMER1b,c and/or GLUR5-HOMER1b,c complex regulates activity of the NMDA and AMPA receptors and Ca2+ homeostasis, thus modulating various types of synaptic plasticity. Dominant negative transcript Homer1a is formed as a result of activity-induced alternative termination of transcription. Expression of this truncated isoform in response to neuronal activation impairs interactions of HOMER1b,c with adaptor proteins, triggers ligand-independent signal transduction through MGLUR1 and/or MGLUR5, leads to suppression of the AMPA- and NMDA-mediated signal transmission, and thereby launches remodeling of the postsynaptic protein scaffold and inhibits long-term potentiation. The studies on animal models confirm that the HOMER1a-dependent remodeling most likely plays an important part in the stress susceptibility, whereas HOMER1a itself can be regarded as a neuroprotector. In this review article, we consider the effects of different stressors in various animal models on HOMER1 expression as well as impact of different HOMER1 variants on human behavior as well as structural and functional characteristics of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliy V Reshetnikov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia. .,Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, 354340, Russia
| | - Natalia P Bondar
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.,Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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7
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Kaul D, Schwab SG, Mechawar N, Matosin N. How stress physically re-shapes the brain: Impact on brain cell shapes, numbers and connections in psychiatric disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 124:193-215. [PMID: 33556389 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Severe stress is among the most robust risk factors for the development of psychiatric disorders. Imaging studies indicate that life stress is integral to shaping the human brain, especially regions involved in processing the stress response. Although this is likely underpinned by changes to the cytoarchitecture of cellular networks in the brain, we are yet to clearly understand how these define a role for stress in human psychopathology. In this review, we consolidate evidence of macro-structural morphometric changes and the cellular mechanisms that likely underlie them. Focusing on stress-sensitive regions of the brain, we illustrate how stress throughout life may lead to persistent remodelling of the both neurons and glia in cellular networks and how these may lead to psychopathology. We support that greater translation of cellular alterations to human cohorts will support parsing the psychological sequalae of severe stress and improve our understanding of how stress shapes the human brain. This will remain a critical step for improving treatment interventions and prevention outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Kaul
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Northfields Ave, Wollongong 2522, Australia; Molecular Horizons, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong 2522, Australia
| | - Sibylle G Schwab
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Northfields Ave, Wollongong 2522, Australia; Molecular Horizons, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong 2522, Australia
| | - Naguib Mechawar
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 LaSalle blvd, Verdun, Qc, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Natalie Matosin
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Northfields Ave, Wollongong 2522, Australia; Molecular Horizons, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong 2522, Australia; Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany.
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8
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Chen JJ, Shen JX, Yu ZH, Pan C, Han F, Zhu XL, Xu H, Xu RT, Wei TY, Lu YP. The Antidepressant Effects of Resveratrol are Accompanied by the Attenuation of Dendrite/Dendritic Spine Loss and the Upregulation of BDNF/p-cofilin1 Levels in Chronic Restraint Mice. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:660-674. [PMID: 33392910 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03200-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Depression afflicts more than 300 million people worldwide, but there is currently no universally effective drug in clinical practice. In this study, chronic restraint stress (CRS)-induced mice depression model was used to study the antidepressant effects of resveratrol and its mechanism. Our results showed that resveratrol significantly attenuated depression-like behavior in mice. Consistent with behavioral changes, resveratrol significantly attenuated CRS-induced reduction in the density of dendrites and dendritic spines in both hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Meanwhile, in hippocampus and mPFC, resveratrol consistently alleviated CRS-induced cofilin1 activation by increasing its ser3 phosphorylation. In addition, cofilin1 immunofluorescence distribution in neuronal inner peri-membrane in controls, and cofilin1 diffusely distribution in the cytoplasm in CRS group were common in hippocampus. However, the distribution of cofilin1 in mPFC was reversed. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed that there was a significant positive correlation found between the sucrose consumption in sucrose preference test and the dendrite density in multiple sub-regions of hippocampus and mPFC, and a significant negative correlation between the immobility time in tail suspension test and the dendrite/dendritic spine density in several different areas of hippocampus and mPFC. P-cofilin1 was significantly positively correlated with the overall dendritic spine density in mPFC as well as with the overall dendrite density or BDNF in the hippocampus. Our results suggest that the BDNF/cofilin1 pathway, in which cofilin1 may be activated in a brain-specific manner, was involved in resveratrol's attenuating the dendrite and dendritic spine loss and behavioral abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Chen
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, No. 1 Beijing East Road, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Jun-Xian Shen
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, No. 1 Beijing East Road, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Zong-Hao Yu
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, No. 1 Beijing East Road, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Chuan Pan
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, No. 1 Beijing East Road, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Fei Han
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, No. 1 Beijing East Road, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Xiu-Ling Zhu
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, No. 1 Beijing East Road, Wuhu, 241000, China
- Department of Anatomy, Wannan Medical College, No. 22 Wenchang West Road, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Hui Xu
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, No. 1 Beijing East Road, Wuhu, 241000, China
- Anhui College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 18 Wuxiashan West Road, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Rui-Ting Xu
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, No. 1 Beijing East Road, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Tong-Yao Wei
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, No. 1 Beijing East Road, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Ya-Ping Lu
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, No. 1 Beijing East Road, Wuhu, 241000, China.
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9
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Gao S, Zhang T, Jin L, Liang D, Fan G, Song Y, Lucassen PJ, Yu R, Swaab DF. CAPON Is a Critical Protein in Synaptic Molecular Networks in the Prefrontal Cortex of Mood Disorder Patients and Contributes to Depression-Like Behavior in a Mouse Model. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:3752-3765. [PMID: 30307500 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant regulation and activity of synaptic proteins may cause synaptic pathology in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of mood disorder patients. Carboxy-terminal PDZ ligand of NOS1 (CAPON) is a critical scaffold protein linked to synaptic proteins like nitric oxide synthase 1, synapsins. We hypothesized that CAPON is altered together with its interacting synaptic proteins in the PFC in mood disorder patients and may contribute to depression-like behaviors in mice subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Here, we found that CAPON-immunoreactivity (ir) was significantly increased in the dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC) and anterior cingulate cortex in major depressive disorder (MDD), which was accompanied by an upregulation of spinophilin-ir and a downregulation of synapsin-ir. The increases in CAPON and spinophilin and the decrease in synapsin in the DLPFC of MDD patients were also seen in the PFC of CUMS mice. CAPON-ir positively correlated with spinophilin-ir (but not with synapsin-ir) in mood disorder patients. CAPON colocalized with spinophilin in the DLPFC of MDD patients and interacted with spinophilin in human brain. Viral-mediated CAPON downregulation in the medial PFC notably reversed the depression-like behaviors in the CUMS mice. These data suggest that CAPON may contribute to aspects of depressive behavior, possibly as an interacting protein for spinophilin in the PFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangfeng Gao
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huai-Hai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,Brain Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huai-Hai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huai-Hai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,Brain Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huai-Hai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jin
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huai-Hai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,Brain Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huai-Hai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Dong Liang
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huai-Hai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,Brain Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huai-Hai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Guangwei Fan
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huai-Hai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,Brain Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huai-Hai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yunnong Song
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huai-Hai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,Brain Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huai-Hai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Paul J Lucassen
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rutong Yu
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huai-Hai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,Brain Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huai-Hai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Dick F Swaab
- The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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10
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Li MX, Li Q, Sun XJ, Luo C, Li Y, Wang YN, Chen J, Gong CZ, Li YJ, Shi LP, Zheng YF, Li RC, Huang XL, Xiong QJ, Chen H. Increased Homer1-mGluR5 mediates chronic stress-induced depressive-like behaviors and glutamatergic dysregulation via activation of PERK-eIF2α. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 95:109682. [PMID: 31265863 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Glutamatergic dysregulation has served as one common pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) and a promising target for treatment intervention. Previous studies implicate neurotransmission via metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) and Homer1 in stress-induced anhedonia, but the mechanisms have not been well elucidated. In the present study, we used two different animal models of depression, chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) and chronic restraint stress (CRS), to investigate the expression of Homer1 isoforms and functional interaction with mGluRs. We found that chronic stress selectively upregulated the expression of Homer1b/c in the hippocampus, whereas the level of Homer1a was unchanged. Additionally, there was a significant negative correlation between the levels of Homer1-mGluR5 signaling and depressive-like behaviors. Both application of paired-pulse low-frequency stimulation (PP-LFS) and the selective group 1 mGluRs agonist (RS)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) significantly enhanced mGluR-dependent long-term depression (LTD) at CA3-CA1 pyramidal cell synapses in slices from susceptible mice, whereas there was no change in NMDAR-dependent LTD induced by LFS. Furthermore, these effects were associated with the internalization of surface AMPARs in hippocampal pyramidal neurons, including reduced the expression of AMPARs and amplitude of AMPARs-mediated mEPSC. Finally, we found that chronic stress activated the KR-like ER kinase-eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (PERK-eIF2α) signaling pathway, subsequently phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) at the S129 and reduced the BDNF level, eventually leading to the impairment of synaptic transmission and depressive-like behaviors. Therefore, our study suggests that PERK-eIF2α acts as a critical target downstream of Homer1-mGluR5 complex to mediate chronic stress-induced depressive-like behaviors, and highlights them as a potential target for the treatment of mood disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xing Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Tongji-Wisconsin Stem Cell Application Technology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xue-Jiao Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Can Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Ya-Nan Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chen-Zi Gong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ya-Jie Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Li-Ping Shi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yi-Feng Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Rong-Chun Li
- Department of Pain Management, Wuhan Pu-Ai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qiu-Ju Xiong
- Department of Pain Management, Wuhan Pu-Ai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Tongji-Wisconsin Stem Cell Application Technology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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11
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Eid RS, Lieblich SE, Wong SJ, Galea LAM. Ovarian status dictates the neuroinflammatory and behavioral consequences of sub-chronic stress exposure in middle-aged female mice. Neurobiol Stress 2019; 12:100199. [PMID: 31871960 PMCID: PMC6909340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2019.100199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian hormones influence the outcomes of stress exposure and are implicated in stress-related disorders including depression, yet their roles are often complex and seemingly contradictory. Importantly, depression and stress exposure are associated with immune dysregulation, and ovarian hormones have immunomodulatory properties. However, how ovarian hormones can influence the inflammatory outcomes of stress exposure is poorly understood. Here, we examined the effects of long-term ovariectomy on the behavioral and neuroinflammatory outcomes of sub-chronic stress exposure in middle-aged mice. Briefly, sham-operated and ovariectomized mice were assigned to non-stress groups or exposed to 6 days of variable stress. Mice were assessed on a battery of behavioral tests, and cytokine concentrations were quantified in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. In the frontal cortex, postsynaptic density protein-95 expression was examined as an index of excitatory synapse number and/or stability, and phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) were measured to explore potential cell signaling pathways elicited by stress exposure and/or ovarian hormones. Long-term ovariectomy modified the central cytokine profile by robustly reducing cytokine concentrations in the frontal cortex and modestly increasing concentrations in the hippocampus. Under non-stress conditions, long-term ovariectomy also reduced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphoprotein expression in the frontal cortex and increased some measures of depressive-like behavior. The effects of sub-chronic stress exposure were however more pronounced in sham-operated mice. Notably, in sham-operated mice only, sub-chronic stress exposure increased IL-1β and IL-6:IL-10 ratio in the frontal cortex and hippocampus and reduced pERK1/2 expression in the frontal cortex. Further, although sub-chronic stress exposure increased anhedonia-like behavior regardless of ovarian status, it increased passive-coping behavior in sham-operated mice only. These data indicate that long-term ovariectomy has potent effects on the central cytokine milieu and dictates the neuroinflammatory and behavioral effects of sub-chronic stress exposure in middle-aged mice. These findings therefore suggest that the immunomodulatory properties of ovarian hormones are of relevance in the context of stress and possibly depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rand S Eid
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stephanie E Lieblich
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sarah J Wong
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Liisa A M Galea
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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12
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Sun X, Li X, Pan R, Xu Y, Wang Q, Song M. Total Saikosaponins of Bupleurum yinchowense reduces depressive, anxiety-like behavior and increases synaptic proteins expression in chronic corticosterine-treated mice. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:117. [PMID: 29609584 PMCID: PMC5879550 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2186-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Bupleurum yinchowense Shan et Y. Li is widely used to treat depressive and anxiety disorders for hundreds of years in China. Total saikosaponins (TSS) is the major ingredient of Bupleurum yinchowense. A-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor and subsequent mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is responsible for synaptic maturation and may contribution to the synaptic alteration underlying depression. The aim of the study was to investigate the antidepressant-like and anxiolytic effect of TSS in chronic corticosterone-treated mice. The effect of TSS on synaptic proteins expression and AMPA receptor-mTOR signaling pathway alteration was also evaluated. Methods Dose-response effect of TSS (12.5, 25, 50 mg/kg) was investigated in forced swim test (FST) in ICR male mice. In the chronic corticosterine-treated model, TSS was given intragastrically once a day for 2 weeks and continued through the behavior testing period. Behavior tests and AMPA receptor related signaling pathway were investigated. Results TSS (25 and 50 mg/kg) decreased the immobility time in the FST when compared with the control group. TSS (25 mg/kg) showed antidepressant-like and anxiolytic effects in the chronic corticosterone treatment model in mice. TSS increased hippocampal synaptic proteins (synapsin-1 and postsynaptic density protein 95) expression. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that TSS significantly increased the synapsin-1 expression in CA3 of hippocampus. TSS also increased hippocampal phosphorylation expression of GluR1 Ser 845 (AMPA receptor subunit) and its downstream regulators extracellular signaling-regulated kinase (ERK), protein kinase B (Akt) and mTOR. Conclusion TSS produces antidepressant-like and anxiolytic effects and increases synaptic proteins expression which may be mediated by induction of AMPA receptor and subsequent mTOR signaling pathway.
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13
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Nava N, Treccani G, Alabsi A, Kaastrup Mueller H, Elfving B, Popoli M, Wegener G, Nyengaard JR. Temporal Dynamics of Acute Stress-Induced Dendritic Remodeling in Medial Prefrontal Cortex and the Protective Effect of Desipramine. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:694-705. [PMID: 26523035 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Stressful events are associated with increased risk of mood disorders. Volumetric reductions have been reported in brain areas critical for the stress response, such as medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and dendritic remodeling has been proposed as an underlying factor. Here, we investigated the time-dependent effects of acute stress on dendritic remodeling within the prelimbic (PL) region of the PFC, and whether treatment with the antidepressant desipramine (DMI) may interfere. Rodents were subjected to foot-shock stress: dendritic length and spine density were analyzed 1 day, 7 days, and 14 days after stress. Acute stress produced increased spine density and decreased cofilin phosphorylation at 1 day, paralleled with dendritic retraction. An overall shift in spine population was observed at 1 day, resulting in a stress-induced increase in small spines. Significant atrophy of apical dendrites was observed at 1 day, which was prevented by chronic DMI, and at 14 days after stress exposure. Chronic DMI resulted in dendritic elaboration at 7 days but did not prevent the effects of FS-stress. Collectively, these data demonstrate that 1) acute stressors may induce rapid and sustained changes of PL neurons; and 2) chronic DMI may protect neurons from rapid stress-induced synaptic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Nava
- Stereology and Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark.,Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov 8240, Denmark
| | - Giulia Treccani
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov 8240, Denmark.,Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari and Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEND), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Abdelrahman Alabsi
- Stereology and Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging,Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark
| | - Heidi Kaastrup Mueller
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov 8240, Denmark
| | - Betina Elfving
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov 8240, Denmark
| | - Maurizio Popoli
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari and Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEND), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov 8240, Denmark.,Pharmaceutical Research Center of Excellence, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Jens Randel Nyengaard
- Stereology and Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging,Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark
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14
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Zhong F, Liu L, Wei JL, Hu ZL, Li L, Wang S, Xu JM, Zhou XF, Li CQ, Yang ZY, Dai RP. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Precursor in the Hippocampus Regulates Both Depressive and Anxiety-Like Behaviors in Rats. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:776. [PMID: 30740068 PMCID: PMC6355684 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression and anxiety are two affective disorders that greatly threaten the mental health of a large population worldwide. Previous studies have shown that brain-derived neurotrophic factor precursor (proBDNF) is involved in the development of depression. However, it is still elusive whether proBDNF is involved in anxiety, and if so, which brain regions of proBDNF regulate these two affective disorders. The present study aims to investigate the role of proBDNF in the hippocampus in the development of depression and anxiety. Rat models of an anxiety-like phenotype and depression-like phenotype were established by complete Freund's adjuvant intra-plantar injection and chronic restraint stress, respectively. Both rat models developed anxiety-like behaviors as determined by the open field test and elevated plus maze test. However, only rats with depression-like phenotype displayed the lower sucrose consumption in the sucrose preference test and a longer immobility time in the forced swimming test. Sholl analysis showed that the dendritic arborization of granule cells in the hippocampus was decreased in rats with depression-like phenotype but was not changed in rats with anxiety-like phenotype. In addition, synaptophysin was downregulated in the rats with depression-like phenotype but upregulated in the rats with anxiety-like phenotype. In both models, proBDNF was greatly increased in the hippocampus. Intra-hippocampal injection anti-proBDNF antibody greatly ameliorated the anxiety-like and depressive behaviors in the rats. These findings suggest that despite some behavioral and morphological differences between depression and anxiety, hippocampal proBDNF is a common mediator to regulate these two mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Anesthesia Medical Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia-Li Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhao-Lan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Anesthesia Medical Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Medical Research Center and Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun-Mei Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Anesthesia Medical Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- Division of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science and Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Chang-Qi Li
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhao-Yun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Anesthesia Medical Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ru-Ping Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Anesthesia Medical Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, China
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15
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Wang Y, Jiang H, Meng H, Lu J, Li J, Zhang X, Yang X, Zhao B, Sun Y, Bao T. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis of hippocampus in rats indicated that TLR/NLR signaling pathway was involved in the pathogenisis of depressive disorder induced by chronic restraint stress. Brain Res Bull 2017; 134:195-204. [PMID: 28780410 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Data from clinical investigations and laboratory fundings have provided preliminary evidence for the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture therapy in depression. However, the mechanisms underlying the antidepressant response of acupuncture are not fully elucidated. To elucidate the potential effects of acupuncture for depression on the hippocampal genome-wide transcriptome at the molecular level, we evaluated the transcriptomic profile of depression rats under treatment of acupuncture, and fluoxetine. We identified a very significant effect of acupucture intervention, with 107 genes differentially expressed in acupuncture vs. model group; while 41 genes between fluoxetine vs. model group. Notably, the 54 differentially expressed genes between acupuncture and fluoxetine showed the significantly different effect between acupuncture and fluoxetine. Through GO (gene ontology) functional term and KEGG (kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes) pathway analysis, we identified that the upregulation of gene sets were related to inflammatory response, innate immunity and immune response. We found that toll-like receptor signalling pathway and NOD like receptor signalling pathway were associated with the function of inflammatory response, innate immunity and immune response. Importantly, acupuncture reversed the upregulation of gene sets that were related to inflammatory response, innate immunity and immune response (including toll-like receptor signalling pathway and NOD like receptor signalling pathway), which might be critical for the pathogenesis of depression and provide evidence for the antidepressive effects of acupuncture by regulating inflammatory response, innate immunity and immune response via toll-like receptor signalling pathway and NOD like receptor signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Research Center of Mental and Neurological Disorders, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Huili Jiang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Research Center of Mental and Neurological Disorders, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hong Meng
- School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jun Lu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Research Center of Mental and Neurological Disorders, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Research Center of Mental and Neurological Disorders, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xuhui Zhang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Research Center of Mental and Neurological Disorders, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xinjing Yang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Research Center of Mental and Neurological Disorders, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bingcong Zhao
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Research Center of Mental and Neurological Disorders, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yang Sun
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Research Center of Mental and Neurological Disorders, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Tuya Bao
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Research Center of Mental and Neurological Disorders, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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16
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Aalling N, Hageman I, Miskowiak K, Orlowski D, Wegener G, Wortwein G. Erythropoietin prevents the effect of chronic restraint stress on the number of hippocampal CA3c dendritic terminals-relation to expression of genes involved in synaptic plasticity, angiogenesis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in male rats. J Neurosci Res 2017; 96:103-116. [PMID: 28752903 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Stress-induced allostatic load affects a variety of biological processes including synaptic plasticity, angiogenesis, oxidative stress, and inflammation in the brain, especially in the hippocampus. Erythropoietin (EPO) is a pleiotropic cytokine that has shown promising neuroprotective effects. Recombinant human EPO is currently highlighted as a new candidate treatment for cognitive impairment in neuropsychiatric disorders. Because EPO enhances synaptic plasticity, attenuates oxidative stress, and inhibits generation of proinflammatory cytokines, EPO may be able to modulate the effects of stress-induced allostatic load at the molecular level. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate how EPO and repeated restraint stress, separately and combined, influence (i) behavior in the novelty-suppressed feeding test of depression/anxiety-related behavior; (ii) mRNA levels of genes encoding proteins involved in synaptic plasticity, angiogenesis, oxidative stress, and inflammation; and (iii) remodeling of the dendritic structure of the CA3c area of the hippocampus in male rats. As expected, chronic restraint stress lowered the number of CA3c apical dendritic terminals, and EPO treatment reversed this effect. Interestingly, these effects seemed to be mechanistically distinct, as stress and EPO had differential effects on gene expression. While chronic restraint stress lowered the expression of spinophilin, tumor necrosis factor α, and heat shock protein 72, EPO increased expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-2α and lowered the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in hippocampus. These findings indicate that the effects of treatment with EPO follow different molecular pathways and do not directly counteract the effects of stress in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Aalling
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet and Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida Hageman
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet and Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kamilla Miskowiak
- Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Centre, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dariusz Orlowski
- Center for Experimental Neuroscience (Cense), Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark.,Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Gitta Wortwein
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet and Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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17
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Altered metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 markers in PTSD: In vivo and postmortem evidence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:8390-8395. [PMID: 28716937 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1701749114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent and highly disabling disorder, but there is currently no targeted pharmacological treatment for it. Dysfunction of the glutamate system has been implicated in trauma and stress psychopathology, resulting in a growing interest in modulation of the glutamate system for the treatment of PTSD. Specifically, the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) represents a promising treatment target. We used [18F]FPEB, a radioligand that binds to the mGluR5, and positron emission tomography (PET) to quantify in vivo mGluR5 availability in human PTSD vs. healthy control (HCs) subjects. In an independent sample of human postmortem tissue, we investigated expression of proteins that have a functional relationship with mGluR5 and glucocorticoids in PTSD. We observed significantly higher cortical mGluR5 availability in PTSD in vivo and positive correlations between mGluR5 availability and avoidance symptoms. In the postmortem sample, we observed up-regulation of SHANK1, a protein that anchors mGluR5 to the cell surface, as well as decreased expression of FKBP5, implicating aberrant glucocorticoid functioning in PTSD. Results of this study provide insight into molecular mechanisms underlying PTSD and suggest that mGluR5 may be a promising target for mechanism-based treatments aimed at mitigating this disorder.
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18
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Afroz S, Shen H, Smith SS. α4βδ GABA A receptors reduce dendritic spine density in CA1 hippocampus and impair relearning ability of adolescent female mice: Effects of a GABA agonist and a stress steroid. Neuroscience 2017; 347:22-35. [PMID: 28189613 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Synaptic pruning underlies the transition from an immature to an adult CNS through refinements of neuronal circuits. Our recent study indicates that pubertal synaptic pruning is triggered by the inhibition generated by extrasynaptic α4βδ GABAA receptors (GABARs) which are increased for 10 d on dendritic spines of CA1 pyramidal cells at the onset of puberty (PND 35-44) in the female mouse, suggesting α4βδ GABARs as a novel target for the regulation of adolescent synaptic pruning. In the present study we used a pharmacological approach to further examine the role of these receptors in altering spine density during puberty of female mice and the impact of these changes on spatial learning, assessed in adulthood. Two drugs were chronically administered during the pubertal period (PND 35-44): the GABA agonist gaboxadol (GBX, 0.1mg/kg, i.p.), to enhance current gated by α4βδ GABARs and the neurosteroid/stress steroid THP (3α-OH-5β-pregnan-20-one, 10mg/kg, i.p.) to decrease expression of α4βδ. Spine density was determined on PND 56 with Golgi staining. Spatial learning and relearning were assessed using the multiple object relocation task and an active place avoidance task on PND 56. Pubertal GBX decreased spine density post-pubertally by 70% (P<0.05), while decreasing α4βδ expression with THP increased spine density by twofold (P<0.05), in both cases, with greatest effects on the mushroom spines. Adult relearning ability was compromised in both hippocampus-dependent tasks after pubertal administration of either drug. These findings suggest that an optimal spine density produced by α4βδ GABARs is necessary for optimal cognition in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Afroz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Ave., Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Ave., Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Sheryl S Smith
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Ave., Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.
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19
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Conrad CD, Ortiz JB, Judd JM. Chronic stress and hippocampal dendritic complexity: Methodological and functional considerations. Physiol Behav 2016; 178:66-81. [PMID: 27887995 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The current understanding of how chronic stress impacts hippocampal dendritic arbor complexity and the subsequent relationship to hippocampal-dependent spatial memory is reviewed. A surge in reports investigating hippocampal dendritic morphology is occurring, but with wide variations in methodological detail being reported. Consequently, this review systematically outlines the basic neuroanatomy of relevant hippocampal features to help clarify how chronic stress or glucocorticoids impact hippocampal dendritic complexity and how these changes occur in parallel with spatial cognition. Chronic stress often leads to hippocampal CA3 apical dendritic retraction first with other hippocampal regions (CA3 basal dendrites, CA1, dentate gyrus, DG) showing dendritic retraction when chronic stress is sufficiently robust or long lasting. The stress-induced reduction in hippocampal CA3 apical dendritic arbor complexity often coincides with impaired hippocampal function, such as spatial learning and memory. Yet, when chronic stress ends and a post-stress recovery period ensues, the atrophied dendritic arbors and poor spatial abilities often improve. However, this process differs from a simple reversal of chronic stress-induced deficits. Recent reports suggest that this return to baseline-like functioning is uniquely different from non-stressed controls, emphasizing the need for further studies to enhance our understanding of how a history of stress subsequently alters an organism's spatial abilities. To provide a consistent framework for future studies, this review concludes with an outline for a quick and easy reference on points to consider when planning chronic stress studies with the goal of measuring hippocampal dendritic complexity and spatial ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl D Conrad
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Box 1104, Tempe, AZ 85287-1104, United States.
| | - J Bryce Ortiz
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Box 1104, Tempe, AZ 85287-1104, United States
| | - Jessica M Judd
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Box 1104, Tempe, AZ 85287-1104, United States
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20
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du Jardin KG, Müller HK, Sanchez C, Wegener G, Elfving B. A single dose of vortioxetine, but not ketamine or fluoxetine, increases plasticity-related gene expression in the rat frontal cortex. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 786:29-35. [PMID: 27235984 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine is a non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist that has been shown to induce a rapid antidepressant effect in treatment-resistant patients. Vortioxetine is a multimodal-acting antidepressant that exert its therapeutic activity through serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) reuptake inhibition and modulation of several 5-HT receptors. In clinical trials, vortioxetine improves depression symptoms and cognitive dysfunction. Neuroplasticity as well as serotonergic and glutamatergic signaling attain significant roles in depression pathophysiology and antidepressant responses. Here, we investigate the effects of ketamine and vortioxetine on gene expression related to serotonergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission as well as neuroplasticity and compare them to those of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine. Rats were injected with fluoxetine (10mg/kg), ketamine (15mg/kg), or vortioxetine (10mg/kg) at 2, 8, 12, or 27h prior to harvesting of the frontal cortex and hippocampus. mRNA levels were measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The main finding was that vortioxetine enhanced plasticity-related gene expression (Mtor, Mglur1, Pkcα, Homer3, Spinophilin, and Synapsin3) in the frontal cortex at 8h after a single dose. Ingenuity pathway analysis of this subset of data identified a biological network that was engaged by vortioxetine and is plausibly associated with neuroplasticity. Transcript levels had returned to baseline levels 12h after injection. Only minor effects on gene expression were found for ketamine or fluoxetine. In conclusion, acute vortioxetine, but not fluoxetine or ketamine, transiently increased plasticity-related gene expression in the frontal cortex. These effects may be ascribed to the direct 5-HT receptor activities of vortioxetine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Gaarn du Jardin
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Skovagervej 2, 8240 Risskov, Denmark.
| | - Heidi Kaastrup Müller
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Skovagervej 2, 8240 Risskov, Denmark
| | - Connie Sanchez
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Skovagervej 2, 8240 Risskov, Denmark; Lundbeck US LLC, 215 College Rd, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Skovagervej 2, 8240 Risskov, Denmark; School of Pharmacy (Pharmacology), North-West University, 11 Hoffman St, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa
| | - Betina Elfving
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Skovagervej 2, 8240 Risskov, Denmark
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Dendritic Spines in Depression: What We Learned from Animal Models. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:8056370. [PMID: 26881133 PMCID: PMC4736982 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8056370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression, a severe psychiatric disorder, has been studied for decades, but the underlying mechanisms still remain largely unknown. Depression is closely associated with alterations in dendritic spine morphology and spine density. Therefore, understanding dendritic spines is vital for uncovering the mechanisms underlying depression. Several chronic stress models, including chronic restraint stress (CRS), chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), and chronic social defeat stress (CSDS), have been used to recapitulate depression-like behaviors in rodents and study the underlying mechanisms. In comparison with CRS, CUMS overcomes the stress habituation and has been widely used to model depression-like behaviors. CSDS is one of the most frequently used models for depression, but it is limited to the study of male mice. Generally, chronic stress causes dendritic atrophy and spine loss in the neurons of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Meanwhile, neurons of the amygdala and nucleus accumbens exhibit an increase in spine density. These alterations induced by chronic stress are often accompanied by depression-like behaviors. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. This review summarizes our current understanding of the chronic stress-induced remodeling of dendritic spines in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, amygdala, and nucleus accumbens and also discusses the putative underlying mechanisms.
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Potential roles for Homer1 and Spinophilin in the preventive effect of electroconvulsive seizures on stress-induced CA3c dendritic retraction in the hippocampus. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 25:1324-31. [PMID: 25935093 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) remains the treatment of choice for patients with severe or drug-resistant depressive disorders, yet the mechanism behind its efficacy remains poorly characterized. In the present study, we used electroconvulsive seizures (ECS), an animal model of ECT, to identify proteins possibly involved in the preventive effect of ECS on stress-induced neuronal atrophy in the hippocampus. Rats were stressed daily using the 21-day 6h daily restraint stress paradigm and subjected to sham seizures, a single ECS on the last day of the restraint period or daily repeated seizures for 10 consecutive days during the end of the restraint period. Consistent with previous findings, dendritic atrophy was observed in the CA3c hippocampal region of chronically stressed rats. In addition, we confirmed our recent findings of increased spine density in the CA1 region following chronic restraint stress. The morphological alterations in the CA3c area were prevented by treatment with ECS. On the molecular level, we showed that the synaptic proteins Homer1 and Spinophilin are targeted by ECS. Repeated ECS blocked stress-induced up-regulation of Spinophilin protein levels and further increased the stress-induced up-regulation of Homer1. Given the roles of Spinophilin in the regulation of AMPA receptors and Homer1 in the regulation of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), our data imply the existence of a mechanism where ECS regulate cell excitability by modulating AMPA receptor function and mGluR related calcium homeostasis. These molecular changes could potentially contribute to the mechanism induced by ECS which prevents the stress-induced morphological changes in the CA3c region.
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Qiao H, An SC, Ren W, Ma XM. Progressive alterations of hippocampal CA3-CA1 synapses in an animal model of depression. Behav Brain Res 2014; 275:191-200. [PMID: 25192638 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is the most prevalent psychiatric condition, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this disorder are largely unknown, although multiple hypotheses have been proposed. The aim of this study was to characterize the progressive alteration of neuronal plasticity in the male rat hippocampus during depression induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), an established animal model of depression. The data in the hippocampus were collected on days 7, 14 and 21 after the onset of three-week CUMS. When analyzed on day 21, three-week CUMS induced typically depressive-like behaviors, impaired LTP induction, and decreased basal synaptic transmission at hippocampal CA3-CA1 synapses recorded in vivo, which was accompanied by decreased density of dendritic spines in CA1 and CA3 pyramidal neurons. The levels of both Kalirin-7 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus were decreased at the same time. On day 14 (middle phase), some depressive-like behaviors were observed, which was accompanied by depressed basal synaptic transmission and enhanced LTP induction at the CA3-CA1 synapses. However, BDNF expression was decreased without alteration of Kalirin7 expression in comparison with no-stress control. Depressed basal synaptic transmission occurred in the middle phase of CUMS may contribute to decreased expression of BDNF. On day 7, depressive-like behaviors were not observed, and LTP induction, spine density, Kalirin-7 and BDNF expression were not altered by CUMS in comparison with no-stress control. These results showed that the functional changes at CA3-CA1synapses occurred earlier than the structural alteration during three-week CUMS as a strategy of neural adaptation, and rats required three weeks to develop depressive-like behaviors during CUMS. Our results suggest an important role of Kalirin-7 in CUMS-mediated alterations in spine density, synaptic function and overall depressive-like behaviors on day 21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Qiao
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710062, PR China
| | - Shu-Cheng An
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710062, PR China.
| | - Wei Ren
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710062, PR China
| | - Xin-Ming Ma
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710062, PR China; University of Connecticut Health Center, Department of Neuroscience, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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Hennebelle M, Champeil-Potokar G, Lavialle M, Vancassel S, Denis I. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and chronic stress-induced modulations of glutamatergic neurotransmission in the hippocampus. Nutr Rev 2014; 72:99-112. [DOI: 10.1111/nure.12088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Hennebelle
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics; University of Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke Quebec Canada
| | - Gaëlle Champeil-Potokar
- INRA; Unité de Nutrition et Régulation Lipidiques des Fonctions Cérébrales; NuRéLiCe; UR909; Jouy en Josas France
| | - Monique Lavialle
- INRA; Unité de Nutrition et Régulation Lipidiques des Fonctions Cérébrales; NuRéLiCe; UR909; Jouy en Josas France
| | - Sylvie Vancassel
- INRA; Unité de Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée; UMR1286; Bordeaux France
| | - Isabelle Denis
- INRA; Unité de Nutrition et Régulation Lipidiques des Fonctions Cérébrales; NuRéLiCe; UR909; Jouy en Josas France
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Hundahl CA, Elfving B, Müller HK, Hay-Schmidt A, Wegener G. A gene-environment study of cytoglobin in the human and rat hippocampus. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63288. [PMID: 23696808 PMCID: PMC3655970 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytoglobin (Cygb) was discovered a decade ago as the fourth vertebrate heme-globin. The function of Cygb is still unknown, but accumulating evidence from in vitro studies point to a putative role in scavenging of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide metabolism and in vivo studies have shown Cygb to be up regulated by hypoxic stress. This study addresses three main questions related to Cygb expression in the hippocampus: 1) Is the rat hippocampus a valid neuroanatomical model for the human hippocampus; 2) What is the degree of co-expression of Cygb and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the rat hippocampus; 3) The effect of chronic restraint stress (CRS) on Cygb and nNOS expression. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was used to compare Cygb expression in the human and rat hippocampi as well as Cygb and nNOS co-expression in the rat hippocampus. Transcription and translation of Cygb and nNOS were investigated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time qPCR) and Western blotting on hippocampi from Flinders (FSL/FRL) rats exposed to CRS. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Cygb expression pattern in the human and rat hippocampus was found to be similar. A high degree of Cygb and nNOS co-expression was observed in the rat hippocampus. The protein levels of nNOS and Cygb were significantly up-regulated in FSL animals in the dorsal hippocampus. In the ventral hippocampus Cygb protein levels were significantly up-regulated in the FSL compared to the FRL, following CRS. SIGNIFICANCE The rodent hippocampus can be used to probe questions related to Cygb protein localization in human hippocampus. The high degree of Cygb and nNOS co-expression gives support for Cygb involvement in nitric oxide metabolism. CRS induced Cygb and nNOS expression indicating that Cygb expression is stress responsive. Cygb and nNOS may be important in physiological response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ansgar Hundahl
- Centre of Excellence for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Betina Elfving
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Heidi Kaastrup Müller
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders Hay-Schmidt
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Unit for Drug Research and Development, School of Pharmacy (Pharmacology), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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The Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder associated BRD1 gene is regulated upon chronic restraint stress. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2012; 22:651-6. [PMID: 22341945 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2012.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent genetic evidence has implicated the bromodomain containing 1 gene (BRD1) with brain development and susceptibility to Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder. The BRD1 protein, which is essential for acetylation of histone H3K14, is a putative regulator of transcription during brain development and in the mature CNS. However, several issues remain to be clarified for example regarding the regulation of the BRD1 gene upon environmental interventions. Chronic restraint stress (CRS) in rats represents an environmental method for induction of morphological and functional changes in the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex. In order to investigate whether the expression of the rat Brd1 gene may be regulated during such conditions, Brd1 mRNA and protein levels in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex extracts from rats subjected to either 1/2 or 6h of CRS per day for 21days were measured. We found a significant 2-fold up-regulation of long exon 7 splice variants of the Brd1 gene (Brd1-L) in hippocampus in both groups of CRS rats compared to controls. Concomitantly, we found a similar up-regulation of the BRD1 protein. In prefrontal cortex, we found no significant differences in Brd1 mRNA or protein levels. As selective histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors not only preserve stress-induced hyperacetylation of histone H3K14 but also have hippocampal-dependent antidepressant-like activity, we propose that BRD1 by its intrinsic acetylation activity towards histone H3K14 is a player in the regulatory processes underlying adaptation to stress in the mature CNS.
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Orlowski D, Bjarkam CR. A simple reproducible and time saving method of semi-automatic dendrite spine density estimation compared to manual spine counting. J Neurosci Methods 2012; 208:128-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2012.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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