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Barretto-de-Souza L, Benini R, Reis-Silva LL, Busnardo C, Crestani CC. Role of corticotropin-releasing factor neurotransmission in the lateral hypothalamus on baroreflex impairment evoked by chronic variable stress in rats. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:351-364. [PMID: 38228895 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02904-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Despite the importance of physiological responses to stress in a short-term, chronically these adjustments may be harmful and lead to diseases, including cardiovascular diseases. The lateral hypothalamus (LH) has been reported to be involved in expression of physiological and behavioral responses to stress, but the local neurochemical mechanisms involved are not completely described. The corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neurotransmission is a prominent brain neurochemical system implicated in the physiological and behavioral changes induced by aversive threats. Furthermore, chronic exposure to aversive situations affects the CRF neurotransmission in brain regions involved in stress responses. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the influence of CRF neurotransmission in the LH on changes in cardiovascular function and baroreflex activity induced by chronic variable stress (CVS). We identified that CVS enhanced baseline arterial pressure and impaired baroreflex function, which were followed by increased expression of CRF2, but not CRF1, receptor expression within the LH. Local microinjection of either CRF1 or CRF2 receptor antagonist within the LH inhibited the baroreflex impairment caused by CVS, but without affecting the mild hypertension. Taken together, the findings documented in this study suggest that LH CRF neurotransmission participates in the baroreflex impairment related to chronic stress exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Barretto-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jau Km 01, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Benini
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jau Km 01, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Lilian L Reis-Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jau Km 01, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Busnardo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jau Km 01, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Carlos C Crestani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jau Km 01, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil.
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2
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Dean B, Scarr E. Common changes in rat cortical gene expression after antidepressant drug treatment: Impacts on metabolism of polyamines, mRNA splicing, regulation of RAS by GAPs, neddylation and GPCR ligand binding. World J Biol Psychiatry 2024; 25:200-213. [PMID: 38349617 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2024.2312475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to identify pathways affected by rat cortical RNA that were changed after treatment with fluoxetine or imipramine. METHODS We measured levels of cortical RNA in male rats using GeneChip® Rat Exon 1.0 ST Array after treatment with vehicle (0.9% NaCl), fluoxetine (10 mg/kg/day) or imipramine (20 mg/kg/day) for 28 days. Levels of coding and non-coding RNA in vehicle treated rats were compared to those in treated rats using ANOVA in JMP Genomics 13 and the Panther Gene Ontology Classification System was used to identify pathways involving the changed RNAs. RESULTS 18,876 transcripts were detected; there were highly correlated changes in 1010 levels of RNA after both drug treatments that would principally affect the metabolism of polyamines, mRNA splicing, regulation of RAS by GAPs, neddylation and GPCR ligand binding. Using our previously published data, we compared changes in transcripts after treatment with antipsychotic and mood stabilising drugs. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows there are common, correlated, changes in coding and non-coding RNA in the rat cortex after treatment with fluoxetine or imipramine; we propose the pathways affected by these changes are involved in the therapeutic mechanisms of action of antidepressant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Dean
- The Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Australia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Scarr
- The Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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3
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Duarte JO, Planeta CS, Crestani CC. Vulnerability and resilience to cardiovascular and neuroendocrine effects of stress in adult rats with historical of chronic stress during adolescence. Life Sci 2023; 318:121473. [PMID: 36746355 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study investigated the influence of exposure to stress during adolescence in autonomic, cardiovascular, neuroendocrine and somatic changes evoked by chronic stress in adult rats. MAIN METHODS Animals were subjected to a 10-days protocol of repeated restraint stress (RRS, habituating) or chronic variable stress (CVS, non-habituating) during adolescence, adulthood, or repeated exposure to either RRS or CVS in adolescence and adulthood (adolescence+adulthood group). The trials to measure autonomic, cardiovascular, neuroendocrine and somatic changes in all experimental groups were performed in adulthood. KEY FINDINGS CVS increased basal circulating corticosterone levels and caused adrenal hypertrophy in the adolescence+adulthood group, an effect not identified in animals subjected to this stressor only in adulthood or adolescence. CVS also caused a sympathetically-mediated resting tachycardia in the adulthood group. This effect of CVS was not identified in the adolescence+adulthood group once the increased cardiac sympathetic activity was buffered by a decrease in intrinsic heart rate in these animals. Moreover, the impairment in baroreflex function observed in the adulthood group subjected to CVS was shifted to an improvement in animals subjected to repeated exposure to this stressor during adolescence and adulthood. The RRS in the adolescence+adulthood group caused a sympathetically-mediated resting tachycardia, which was not observed in the adulthood group. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings suggest that enduring effects of adverse events during adolescence included a vulnerability to neuroendocrine changes and a resilience to autonomic and cardiovascular dysfunctions caused by the CVS. Furthermore, results of RRS indicated a vulnerability to cardiovascular and autonomic changes evoked by homotypic stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiane O Duarte
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cleopatra S Planeta
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos C Crestani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
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4
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Liang L, Wang H, Hu Y, Bian H, Xiao L, Wang G. Oridonin relieves depressive-like behaviors by inhibiting neuroinflammation and autophagy impairment in rats subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress. Phytother Res 2022; 36:3335-3351. [PMID: 35686337 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe life-threatening disorder with increasing prevalence. However, the mechanistic interplay between depression, neuroinflammation, and autophagy is yet to be demonstrated. This study investigated the effect of Oridonin on CUMS-induced depression, neuroinflammation, and autophagy impairment. Male 4-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), some of which were injected with Oridonin, fluoxetine (FLX), or their combination at different durations of CUMS. CUMS significantly increased the levels of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-18, and caspase-1), reduced autophagy-related protein levels (Beclin-1, p62, Atg5, and LC3B), and caused microglia cells activation. Oridonin prevented and reversed the depressive-like behavior. Furthermore, it has a stronger and longer-lasting antidepressant effect than FLX. And the antidepressant effect of Oridonin in combination with fluoxetine was greater than that of high-dose fluoxetine alone. In addition, Oridonin significantly normalized autophagy-related protein levels, and reduced levels of cytokines by blocking the interaction between NLRP3 and NEK7. Similarly, Oridonin abolished levels of cytokines and reversed autophagy impairment in LPS-activated BV2 cells. All these results supported our hypothesis that Oridonin possesses potent anti-depressive action, which might be mediated via inhibition of neuroinflammation and autophagy impairment by blocking the interaction between NLRP3 and NEK7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Liang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Psychology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Department of Psychology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hetao Bian
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Xiao
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gaohua Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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5
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Tomeo RA, Gomes-de-Souza L, Benini R, Reis-Silva LL, Crestani CC. Site-Specific Regulation of Stress Responses Along the Rostrocaudal Axis of the Insular Cortex in Rats. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:878927. [PMID: 35620667 PMCID: PMC9127339 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.878927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The insular cortex (IC) has been described as a part of the central network implicated in the integration and processing of limbic information, being related to the behavioral and physiological responses to stressful events. Besides, a site-specific control of physiological functions has been reported along the rostrocaudal axis of the IC. However, a functional topography of the IC in the regulation of stress responses has never been reported. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of acute restraint stress in neuronal activation at different sites along the rostrocaudal axis of the IC. Furthermore, we evaluated the involvement of IC rostrocaudal subregions in the cardiovascular responses to acute restraint stress. We observed that an acute session of restraint stress increased the number of Fos-immunoreactive cells in the rostral posterior region of the IC, while fewer activated cells were identified in the anterior and caudal posterior regions. Bilateral injection of the non-selective synaptic inhibitor CoCl2 into the anterior region of the IC did not affect the blood pressure and heart rate increases and the sympathetically mediated cutaneous vasoconstriction to acute restraint stress. However, synaptic ablation of the rostral posterior IC decreased the restraint-evoked arterial pressure increase, whereas tachycardia was reduced in animals in which the caudal posterior IC was inhibited. Taken together, these pieces of evidence indicate a site-specific regulation of cardiovascular stress response along the rostrocaudal axis of the IC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Carlos C. Crestani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
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Maratha S, Sharma V, Walia V. Antidepressant Like Effect of Ascorbic Acid in Mice: Possible Involvement of NO-sGC-cGMP Signaling. Neurochem Res 2021; 47:967-978. [PMID: 34825298 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03496-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to determine the antidepressant like activity of ascorbic acid (AA) in mice. Further the influence of NO-sGC-cGMP signaling in the antidepressant like effect of AA in mice was determined. Male swiss albino mice were used in the present study. Mice in the control group received saline and fluoxetine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) was used as the standard antidepressant drug. AA (50, 100 and 150 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered to the mice and depression related behavior were determined using tail suspension test (TST) and forced swim test (FST). Further the whole brain nitrite and serotonin levels were also determined. It was observed that the administration of AA (100 mg/kg, i.p.) reversed the depression like behavior in mice in TST and FST. AA (100 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment decreased the level of nitrite and increased the level of serotonin in the brain of mice significantly as compared to control. Further the behavioral and neurochemical effect of AA (50 mg/kg, i.p) was studied in NO modulator [NO donor: L-Arginine (50 mg/kg, i.p); NO-sGC inhibitor: methylene blue (1 mg/kg, i.p.) and cGMP modulator: sildenafil (1 mg/kg, i.p.)] pretreated mice. It was observed that the pretreatment of NO donor and cGMP modulator counteracted the effect conferred by AA (50 mg/kg, i.p). While the pretreatment of NO-sGC inhibitor potentiated the effect conferred by AA (50 mg/kg, i.p). The present study suggested that the AA confer antidepressant like effect in mice and NO-sGC-cGMP signaling pathway influence the antidepressant like effect of AA in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Maratha
- SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, India
| | - Vijay Sharma
- SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, India
| | - Vaibhav Walia
- SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, India.
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Gomes-de-Souza L, Costa-Ferreira W, Mendonça MM, Xavier CH, Crestani CC. Lateral hypothalamus involvement in control of stress response by bed nucleus of the stria terminalis endocannabinoid neurotransmission in male rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16133. [PMID: 34373508 PMCID: PMC8352993 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95401-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid neurotransmission acting via local CB1 receptor in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) has been implicated in behavioral and physiological responses to emotional stress. However, the neural network related to this control is poorly understood. In this sense, the lateral hypothalamus (LH) is involved in stress responses, and BNST GABAergic neurons densely innervate this hypothalamic nucleus. However, a role of BNST projections to the LH in physiological responses to stress is unknown. Therefore, using male rats, we investigated the role of LH GABAergic neurotransmission in the regulation of cardiovascular responses to stress by CB1 receptors within the BNST. We observed that microinjection of the selective CB1 receptor antagonist AM251 into the BNST decreased the number of Fos-immunoreactive cells within the LH of rats submitted to acute restraint stress. Treatment of the BNST with AM251 also enhanced restraint-evoked tachycardia. Nevertheless, arterial pressure increase and sympathetically-mediated cutaneous vasoconstriction to restraint was not affected by CB1 receptor antagonism within the BNST. The effect of AM251 in the BNST on restraint-evoked tachycardia was abolished in animals pretreated with the selective GABAA receptor antagonist SR95531 in the LH. These results indicate that regulation of cardiovascular responses to stress by CB1 receptors in the BNST is mediated by GABAergic neurotransmission in the LH. Present data also provide evidence of the BNST endocannabinoid neurotransmission as a mechanism involved in LH neuronal activation during stressful events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Gomes-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
- Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Willian Costa-Ferreira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
- Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michelle M Mendonça
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Carlos H Xavier
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Carlos C Crestani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Rodovia Araraquara-Jau Km 01 (Campus Universitário), Campus Ville, Araraquara, SP, 14800-903, Brazil.
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8
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Marchi-Coelho C, Costa-Ferreira W, Reis-Silva LL, Crestani CC. Angiotensinergic Neurotransmissions in the Medial Amygdala Nucleus Modulate Behavioral Changes in the Forced Swimming Test Evoked by Acute Restraint Stress in Rats. Cells 2021; 10:1217. [PMID: 34067508 PMCID: PMC8156471 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the role of angiotensin II type 1 (AT1 receptor) and type 2 (AT2 receptor) and MAS receptors present in the medial amygdaloid nucleus (MeA) in behavioral changes in the forced swimming test (FST) evoked by acute restraint stress in male rats. For this, rats received bilateral microinjection of either the selective AT1 receptor antagonist losartan, the selective AT2 receptor antagonist PD123319, the selective MAS receptor antagonist A-779, or vehicle 10 min before a 60 min restraint session. Then, behavior in the FST was evaluated immediately after the restraint (15 min session) and 24 h later (5 min session). The behavior in the FST of a non-stressed group was also evaluated. We observed that acute restraint stress decreased immobility during both sessions of the FST in animals treated with vehicle in the MeA. The decreased immobility during the first session was inhibited by intra-MeA administration of PD123319, whereas the effect during the second session was not identified in animals treated with A-779 into the MeA. Microinjection of PD123319 into the MeA also affected the pattern of active behaviors (i.e., swimming and climbing) during the second session of the FST. Taken together, these results indicate an involvement of angiotensinergic neurotransmissions within the MeA in behavioral changes in the FST evoked by stress.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology
- Angiotensins/metabolism
- Animals
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Corticomedial Nuclear Complex/drug effects
- Corticomedial Nuclear Complex/metabolism
- Corticomedial Nuclear Complex/physiopathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Male
- Motor Activity/drug effects
- Proto-Oncogene Mas
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Rats, Wistar
- Reaction Time
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/metabolism
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Renin-Angiotensin System/drug effects
- Restraint, Physical
- Signal Transduction
- Stress, Psychological/etiology
- Stress, Psychological/metabolism
- Stress, Psychological/physiopathology
- Stress, Psychological/psychology
- Swimming
- Time Factors
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Marchi-Coelho
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP 14800-903, Brazil; (C.M.-C.); (W.C.-F.); (L.L.R.-S.)
| | - Willian Costa-Ferreira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP 14800-903, Brazil; (C.M.-C.); (W.C.-F.); (L.L.R.-S.)
- Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Lilian L. Reis-Silva
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP 14800-903, Brazil; (C.M.-C.); (W.C.-F.); (L.L.R.-S.)
- Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Carlos C. Crestani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP 14800-903, Brazil; (C.M.-C.); (W.C.-F.); (L.L.R.-S.)
- Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
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9
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Oliveira LA, Gomes-de-Souza L, Benini R, Wood SK, Crestani CC. Both CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptors in the bed nucleus of stria terminalis are involved in baroreflex impairment evoked by chronic stress in rats. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 105:110009. [PMID: 32535028 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to adverse events has been proposed as a prominent factor involved in etiology and progression of cardiovascular dysfunctions in humans and animals. However, the neurobiological mechanisms involved are still poorly understood. In this sense, chronic stress has been reported to evoke neuroplasticity in corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neurotransmission in several limbic structures, including the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. However, a possible involvement of BNST CRF neurotransmission in cardiovascular dysfunctions evoked by chronic stress has never been reported. Thus, this study investigated the involvement of CRF1 and CRF2 receptors within the BNST in cardiovascular changes evoked by chronic stress in rats. We identified that exposure to a 10-day chronic variable stress (CVS) protocol decreased expression of both CRF1 and CRF2 receptors within the BNST. These effects were followed by increased arterial pressure and impairment of baroreflex function, but without changes on heart rate. Bilateral microinjection of either the selective CRF1 receptor antagonist CP376395 or the selective CRF2 receptor antagonist antisauvagine-30 into the BNST did not affect CVS-evoked arterial pressure increase. Nevertheless, BNST treatment with CP376395 decreased both tachycardic and bradycardic responses of the baroreflex in non-stressed rats; but these effects were not identified in chronically stressed animals. BNST pharmacological treatment with antisauvagine-30 decreased the reflex tachycardia in control animals, whereas reflex bradycardic response was increased in CVS animals. Altogether, the results reported in the present study indicate that down regulation of both CRF1 and CRF2 receptors within the BNST is involved in baroreflex impairment evoked by chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro A Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazil
| | - Lucas Gomes-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Benini
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazil
| | - Susan K Wood
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Carlos C Crestani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazil.
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10
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Costa-Ferreira W, Gomes-de-Souza L, Crestani CC. Role of angiotensin receptors in the medial amygdaloid nucleus in autonomic, baroreflex and cardiovascular changes evoked by chronic stress in rats. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 53:763-777. [PMID: 33372338 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the role of AT1 , AT2 and Mas angiotensinergic receptors within the MeA in autonomic, cardiovascular and baroreflex changes evoked by a 10-day (1 hr daily) repeated restraint stress (RRS) protocol. Analysis of cardiovascular function after the end of the RRS protocol indicated increased values of arterial pressure, without heart rate changes. Arterial pressure increase was not affected by acute MeA treatment after the RRS with either the selective AT1 receptor antagonist losartan, the selective AT2 receptor antagonist PD123319 or the selective Mas receptor antagonist A-779. Analysis of heart rate variability indicated that RRS increased the sympathetic tone to the heart, which was inhibited by MeA treatment with either losartan, PD123319 or A-779. Baroreflex function assessed using the pharmacological approach via intravenous infusion of vasoactive agents revealed a facilitation of tachycardia evoked by blood pressure decrease in chronically stressed animals, which was inhibited by MeA treatment with losartan. Conversely, baroreflex responses during spontaneous fluctuations of blood pressure were impaired by RRS, and this effect was not affected by injection of the angiotensinergic receptor antagonists into the MeA. Altogether, the data reported in the present study suggest an involvement of both angiotensinergic receptors present in the MeA in autonomic imbalance evoked by RRS, as well as an involvement of MeA AT1 receptor in the enhanced baroreflex responses during full range of blood pressure changes. Results also indicate that RRS-evoked increase in arterial pressure and impairment of baroreflex responses during spontaneous variations of arterial pressure are independent of MeA angiotensinergic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willian Costa-Ferreira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil.,Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Lucas Gomes-de-Souza
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil.,Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Carlos C Crestani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil.,Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, Brazil
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11
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Ferreira-Junior NC, Crestani CC, Lagatta DC, Resstel LBM, Correa FMA, Alves FHF. Nitric oxide in the insular cortex modulates baroreflex responses in a cGMP-independent pathway. Brain Res 2020; 1747:147037. [PMID: 32738232 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Insular cortex is a brain structure involved in the modulation of autonomic activity and cardiovascular function. The nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine-3',5'-monophosphate pathway is a prominent signaling mechanism in the central nervous system, controlling behavioral and physiological responses. Nevertheless, despite evidence regarding the presence of nitric oxide-synthesizing neurons in the insular cortex, its role in the control of autonomic and cardiovascular function has never been reported. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the involvement of nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine-3',5'-monophosphate pathway mediated by neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) activation within the insular cortex in the modulation of baroreflex responses in unanesthetized rats. For this, we evaluated the effect of bilateral microinjection of either the nitric oxide scavenger carboxy-PTIO, the selective neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor Nω-Propyl-l-arginine or the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor ODQ into the insular cortex on the bradycardia evoked by blood pressure increases in response to intravenous infusion of phenylephrine, and the tachycardia caused by blood pressure decreases evoked by intravenous infusion of sodium nitroprusside. Bilateral microinjection of either NPLA or carboxy-PTIO into the insular cortex increased the reflex bradycardic response, whereas the reflex tachycardia was decreased by these treatments. Bilateral microinjection of the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor into the insular cortex did not affect any parameter of baroreflex function evaluated. Overall, our findings provide evidence that insular cortex nitrergic signaling, acting via neuronal nitric oxide synthase, plays a prominent role in control of baroreflex function. However, control of reflex responses seems to be independent of soluble guanylate cyclase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilson C Ferreira-Junior
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos C Crestani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Davi C Lagatta
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo B M Resstel
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando M A Correa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando H F Alves
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine - Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil.
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12
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Reis-Silva LL, Barretto-de-Souza L, Benini R, Crestani CC. CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptors in the lateral hypothalamus differently modulate the baroreflex function in unanesthetized rats. Brain Res 2020; 1751:147195. [PMID: 33159974 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The lateral hypothalamus (LH) is a diencephalic structure that has been considered part of the central circuitry regulating the baroreflex function. However, the local neurochemical mechanisms involved in baroreflex control by this hypothalamic area are poorly understood. Therefore, in the present study we investigated the role of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neurotransmission within the LH acting via local CRF1 and CRF2 receptors in cardiac baroreflex responses in unanesthetized rats. For this, the baroreflex activity was assessed using two approaches: i) the pharmacological approach via intravenous infusion of vasoactive agents, and ii) the sequence analysis technique that evaluates reflex responses during spontaneous arterial pressure variations. The sequence analysis technique indicated that LH treatment with the selective CRF1 receptor antagonist CP376395 decreased the baroreflex effectiveness index, whereas the selective CRF2 receptor antagonist antisauvagine-30 increased the reflex shortening of pulse interval during spontaneous arterial pressure decreases. However, the pharmacological approach did not indicate effect of the bilateral microinjection of either CP376395 or antisauvagine-30 into the LH in the tachycardia evoked by blood pressure decrease or the reflex bradycardia caused by blood pressure increase. Overall, these findings indicate that CRF neurotransmission within the LH controls baroreflex function during a narrow range of physiological arterial pressure variations. Besides, results provide evidence that CRF1 and CRF2 receptors in the LH oppositely modulate the spontaneous baroreflex activity through different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian L Reis-Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Barretto-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Benini
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos C Crestani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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13
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Moreno-Santos B, Marchi-Coelho C, Costa-Ferreira W, Crestani CC. Angiotensinergic receptors in the medial amygdaloid nucleus differently modulate behavioral responses in the elevated plus-maze and forced swimming test in rats. Behav Brain Res 2020; 397:112947. [PMID: 33011187 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been implicated in anxiety and depression disorders, but the specific brain sites involved are poorly understood. The medial amygdaloid nucleus (MeA) is involved in expression of behavioral responses. However, despite evidence of the presence of all angiotensinergic receptors in this amygdaloid nucleus, regulation of anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors by angiotensinergic neurotransmissions within the MeA has never been reported. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the role angiotensin II (AT1 and AT2 receptors) and angiotensin-(1-7) (Mas receptor) receptors present within the MeA in behavioral responses in the elevated plus-maze (EPM) and forced swimming test (FST). For this, male Wistar rats had cannula-guide bilaterally implanted into the MeA, and independent sets of animals received bilateral microinjections of either the selective AT1 receptor antagonist losartan, the selective AT2 receptor antagonist PD123319, the selective Mas receptor antagonist A-779 or vehicle into the MeA before the EPM and FST. Treatment of the MeA with either PD123319 or A-779 decreased the EPM open arms exploration, while losartan did not affect behavioral responses in this apparatus. However, intra-MeA microinjection of losartan decreased immobility in the FST. Administration of either PD123319 or A-779 into the MeA did not affect the immobility during the FST, but changed the pattern of the active behaviors swimming and climbing. Altogether, these results indicate the presence of different angiotensinergic mechanisms within the MeA controlling behavioral responses in the FST and EPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Moreno-Santos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Marchi-Coelho
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Willian Costa-Ferreira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos C Crestani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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14
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do Vale GT, Leoni D, Sousa AH, Gonzaga NA, Uliana DL, La Gata DC, Resstel LB, Padovan CM, Tirapelli CR. Acute restraint stress increases blood pressure and oxidative stress in the cardiorenal system of rats: a role for AT 1 receptors. Stress 2020; 23:328-337. [PMID: 31583926 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2019.1675627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluate whether acute restraint stress may affect the oxidative state of the cardiorenal system and the possible contribution of angiotensin II/AT1 receptors in such response. Male Wistar rats were restrained for 60 min within wire mesh chambers. Some rats were treated with losartan (selective AT1 receptor antagonist, 10 mg/kg, p.o., gavage) 30 min before being stressed. Biochemical analyses were conducted after the 60-min period of restraint. Treatment with losartan prevented the increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP), but not heart rate (HR) induced by acute stress. Phenylephrine-induced contraction of endothelium-intact aortas was not affected by acute stress. Losartan prevented the increase in both superoxide anion (O2•-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels induced by acute stress in the aorta and renal cortex. Similarly, the augmented activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) induced by acute stress in the aorta and renal cortex was prevented by losartan. Enhanced levels of O2•- and thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) were detected in the left ventricle (LV) of stressed rats, but losartan did not prevent these responses. Similarly, losartan did not inhibited stress-induced decrease in the concentration of nitrate/nitrite (NOx) and H2O2 in the left ventricle. Stress increased ROS generation and affected the enzymatic antioxidant system in the cardiorenal system. In addition to its well-known cardiovascular changes during acute stress, angiotensin II also induces ROS generation in the cardiorenal system in a tissue-specific manner. The increase in oxidative stress mediated by angiotensin II/AT1 receptors could be one mechanism by which acute stress predisposes to cardiorenal dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel T do Vale
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, DEPCH, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Drieli Leoni
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, DEPCH, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arthur H Sousa
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, DEPCH, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natália A Gonzaga
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, DEPCH, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela L Uliana
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Davi C La Gata
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo B Resstel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cláudia M Padovan
- Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Depto. de Psicologia, USP, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Tirapelli
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, DEPCH, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Benini R, Oliveira LA, Gomes-de-Souza L, Rodrigues B, Crestani CC. Habituation of the cardiovascular response to restraint stress is inhibited by exposure to other stressor stimuli and exercise training. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb219501. [PMID: 32205360 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.219501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of exposure to either a chronic variable stress (CVS) protocol or social isolation, as well as treadmill exercise training, in the habituation of the cardiovascular response upon repeated exposure to restraint stress in rats. The habituation of the corticosterone response to repeated restraint stress was also evaluated. For this, animals were subjected to either acute or 10 daily sessions of 60 min of restraint stress. CVS and social isolation protocols lasted for 10 consecutive days, whereas treadmill training was performed for 1 h per day, 5 days per week for 8 weeks. We observed that the increase in serum corticosterone was reduced during both the stress and the recovery period of the 10th session of restraint. Habituation of the cardiovascular response was identified in terms of a faster return of heart rate to baseline values during the recovery period of the 10th session of restraint. The increase in blood pressure and the decrease in tail skin temperature were similar at the 1st and 10th session of restraint. Exposure to CVS, social isolation or treadmill exercise training inhibited the habituation of the restraint-evoked tachycardia. Additionally, CVS increased the blood pressure response at the 10th session of restraint, whereas social isolation enhanced both the tachycardia during the first session and the drop in skin temperature at the 10th session of restraint. Taken together, these findings provide new evidence that pathologies evoked by stress might be related to impairment in the habituation process to homotypic stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Benini
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP 14800-903, Brazil
- Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Leandro A Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP 14800-903, Brazil
- Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Lucas Gomes-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP 14800-903, Brazil
- Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Bruno Rodrigues
- Department of Adapted Physical Activity, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-851, Brazil
| | - Carlos C Crestani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP 14800-903, Brazil
- Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
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16
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Almeida J, Oliveira LA, Benini R, Crestani CC. Role of hippocampal nitrergic neurotransmission in behavioral and cardiovascular dysfunctions evoked by chronic social stress. Nitric Oxide 2020; 94:114-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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17
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Firmino EMS, Kuntze LB, Lagatta DC, Dias DPM, Resstel LBM. Effect of chronic stress on cardiovascular and ventilatory responses activated by both chemoreflex and baroreflex in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.204883. [PMID: 31558591 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.204883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress results in physiological and somatic changes. It has been recognized as a risk factor for several types of cardiovascular dysfunction and changes in autonomic mechanisms, such as baroreflex and chemoreflex activity. However, the effects of different types of chronic stress on these mechanisms are still poorly understood. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated, in adult male rats, the effect of repeated restraint stress (RRS) or chronic variable stress (CVS) on baroreflex, chemoreflex and heart rate variability in a protocol of 14 days of stress sessions. Exposure to RRS and CVS indicated no changes in the basal level of either arterial pressure or heart rate. However, RRS and CVS were able to attenuate sympathovagal modulation and spontaneous baroreflex gain. Additionally, only RRS was able to increase the power of the low-frequency band of the systolic blood pressure spectrum, as well as the slope of linear regression of baroreflex bradycardic and tachycardic responses induced by vasoactive compounds. Additionally, our study is one of the first to show that exposure to RRS and CVS decreases the magnitude of the pressor response and potentiates respiratory responses to chemoreflex activation, which can trigger cardiovascular and respiratory pathologies. Furthermore, the basal respiratory parameters, such as minute ventilation and tidal volume, were significantly decreased by both protocols of chronic stress. However, only CVS increased the basal respiratory frequency. In this way, the findings of the present study demonstrate the impact of chronic stress in terms of not only depressive-like behavior but also alterations of the autonomic baroreflex responses and cardiocirculatory variability (systolic blood pressure and pulse interval).Our results provide evidence that chronic stress promotes autonomic dysregulation, and impairment of baroreflex, chemoreflex and heart rate variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egidi Mayara Silva Firmino
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14090-090, Brazil
| | - Luciana Bärg Kuntze
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14090-090, Brazil
| | - Davi Campos Lagatta
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14090-090, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo Barbosa Moraes Resstel
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14090-090, Brazil
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18
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Costa-Ferreira W, Gomes-de-Souza L, Crestani CC. AT2 and MAS (but not AT1) angiotensinergic receptors in the medial amygdaloid nucleus modulate the baroreflex activity in rats. Pflugers Arch 2019; 471:1173-1182. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-019-02301-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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19
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Morais-Silva G, Costa-Ferreira W, Gomes-de-Souza L, Pavan JC, Crestani CC, Marin MT. Cardiovascular outcomes related to social defeat stress: New insights from resilient and susceptible rats. Neurobiol Stress 2019; 11:100181. [PMID: 31236438 PMCID: PMC6582241 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2019.100181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress exposure is an important risk factor for psychiatric and cardiovascular disorders. Two phenotypes related to coping with stress can be observed in rodents that experience chronic social defeat stress (SDS): susceptible, showing social avoidance and behavioral changes related to depression, and resilient, showing none of these alterations. Moreover, a strong correlation exists between depression and the development of or mortality due to cardiovascular diseases. Nevertheless, little is known about cardiovascular alterations related to SDS exposure in those phenotypes or their correlation with depressive-like behaviors. Using a chronic SDS protocol followed by the social interaction test, we identified Wistar rats as resilient or susceptible to SDS. Susceptible animals showed increased depressive-like behaviors with resting tachycardia and decreased heart rate variability (HRV) due to increased sympathetic tone in the heart and a less effective baroreflex. In contrast, resilient rats were protected from these alterations by increased vagal tone, resulting in greater HRV values. To our knowledge, our study is the first to indicate that harmful cardiovascular outcomes are related to depressive-like behaviors in susceptible rats and to suggest a mechanism by which resilient rats are protected from these changes. Also, our results suggest that enhanced HRV and vagal tone may be an important trait in resilient individuals. Cardiovascular alterations are correlated to depressive-like behaviors. Susceptible rats show increased sympathetic tone to the heart and lower HRV. Baroreflex effectiveness in susceptible rats is impaired. Resilient rats show an increased vagal tone to the heart and greater values of HRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gessynger Morais-Silva
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.,Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences (PIPGCF), UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos/Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Willian Costa-Ferreira
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.,Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences (PIPGCF), UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos/Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Gomes-de-Souza
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.,Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences (PIPGCF), UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos/Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline C Pavan
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos C Crestani
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.,Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences (PIPGCF), UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos/Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo T Marin
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.,Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences (PIPGCF), UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos/Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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20
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McNeal N, Watanasriyakul WT, Normann MC, Akinbo OI, Dagner A, Ihm E, Wardwell J, Grippo AJ. The negative effects of social bond disruption are partially ameliorated by sertraline administration in prairie voles. Auton Neurosci 2019; 219:5-18. [PMID: 31122602 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Negative social experiences influence both depression and cardiovascular dysfunction. Many individuals who experience negative mood states or cardiovascular conditions have limited social support. Therefore, investigation of drug treatments that may protect against the consequences of social stress will aid in designing effective treatment strategies. The current study used an animal model to evaluate the protective effect of sertraline administration on behavioral and cardiovascular consequences of social stress. Specifically, male prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster), which are socially monogamous rodents that share several behavioral and physiological characteristics with humans, were isolated from a socially-bonded female partner, and treated with sertraline (16 mg/kg/day, ip) or vehicle during isolation. Unexpectedly, sertraline did not protect against depression-relevant behaviors, and it was associated with increased short- and long-term heart rate responses. However, sertraline administration improved heart rate variability recovery following a behavioral stressor, including increased parasympathetic regulation, and altered long-term neuronal activity in brain regions that modulate autonomic control and stress reactivity. These results indicate that sertraline may partially protect against the consequences of social stressors, and suggest a mechanism through which sertraline may beneficially influence neurobiological control of cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal McNeal
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | | | - Marigny C Normann
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Oreoluwa I Akinbo
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Ashley Dagner
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Elliott Ihm
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Joshua Wardwell
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Angela J Grippo
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA.
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21
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Ghasemi M. Nitric oxide: Antidepressant mechanisms and inflammation. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2019; 86:121-152. [PMID: 31378250 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Millions of individuals worldwide suffers from mood disorders, especially major depressive disorder (MDD), which has a high rate of disease burden in society. Although targeting the biogenic amines including serotonin, and norepinephrine have provided invaluable links with the pharmacological treatment of MDD over the last four decades, a growing body of evidence suggest that other biologic systems could contribute to the pathophysiology and treatment of MDD. In this chapter, we highlight the potential role of nitric oxide (NO) signaling in the pathophysiology and thereby treatment of MDD. This has been investigated over the last four decades by showing that (i) levels of NO are altered in patients with major depression; (ii) modulators of NO signaling exert antidepressant effects in patients with MDD or in the animal studies; (iii) NO signaling could be targeted by a variety of antidepressants in animal models of depression; and (iv) NO signaling can potentially modulate the inflammatory pathways that underlie the pathophysiology of MDD. These findings, which hypothesize an NO involvement in MDD, can provide a new insight into novel therapeutic approaches for patients with MDD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Ghasemi
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts and General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.
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22
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Bianchi PC, Costa Ferreira W, Antonagi Engi S, Palombo P, Carneiro de Oliveira PE, Gomes de Souza L, Crestani CC, da Costa JL, da Silva Planeta C, Molini Leão R, Cardoso Cruz F. Prolonged Exposure to Alcohol Vapor Causes Change in Cardiovascular Function in Female but not in Male Rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:1066-1076. [PMID: 30908675 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol abuse is a health concern worldwide. Studies have associated alcohol abuse with cardiovascular impairments. In this study, we investigated differences in the effects of chronic alcohol vapor exposure on cardiovascular function between male and female rats by using the alcohol vapor chamber method to induce alcohol addiction-like behaviors in rats. METHODS We exposed male and female Long-Evans rats to alcohol vapor for 14 hours, followed by ethanol withdrawal for 10 hours, for 30 consecutive days or room air (control groups). The animals underwent preparation for the surgical implantation of cannulas into femoral vessels, for allowing the assessment of the basal arterial pressure and heart rate values, baroreflex function, and autonomic activity. RESULTS Female control rats showed higher basal heart rate compared to male control rats. Chronic alcohol vapor inhalation reduced basal heart rate in females, but not in males; this effect was followed by an increase in the parasympathetic tone of the heart. Further, female rats subjected to alcohol vapor showed an increase in the baroreflex activity. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that females are more sensitive to chronic alcohol vapor exposure than males because they had a reduction in basal heart rate and changes in the baroreflex activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Cristina Bianchi
- Laboratory of Neuropsypharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences School, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.,Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Willian Costa Ferreira
- Laboratory of Neuropsypharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences School, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.,Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Sheila Antonagi Engi
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Paulista Medicine School, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Joint Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Pharmacology and Molecular Biology Institute-INFAR, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paola Palombo
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Paulista Medicine School, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Joint Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Pharmacology and Molecular Biology Institute-INFAR, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas Gomes de Souza
- Laboratory of Neuropsypharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences School, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.,Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos César Crestani
- Laboratory of Neuropsypharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences School, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.,Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - José Luiz da Costa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Cleopatra da Silva Planeta
- Laboratory of Neuropsypharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences School, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.,Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Molini Leão
- Bioregulation Department, Health Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal da Bahia (ICS/ UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Fabio Cardoso Cruz
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Paulista Medicine School, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Joint Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Pharmacology and Molecular Biology Institute-INFAR, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Shehu A, Magaji MG, Yau J, Ahmed A. Methanol stem bark extract of Adansonia digitata ameliorates chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression-like behavior: Involvement of the HPA axis, BDNF, and stress biomarkers pathways. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 30:jbcpp-2018-0153. [PMID: 31017871 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2018-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Adansonia digitata L. (Malvaceae) is used locally in the management of depressive illnesses, and its antidepressant-like effect has been previously reported. The present study was aimed at determining the effect of the methanol extract of the stem bark of A. digitata (MEAD) on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and the possible mechanism responsible for its antidepressant activity. Methods Acute toxicity of MEAD was determined using the OECD guideline 420. The CUMS model was used to induce depression, and behavioral tests such as sucrose preference test (SPT), open field test (OFT), novel-object recognition test (NORT), and tail suspension test (TST) were carried out in mice. The concentrations of plasma cortisol and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein in the brain were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were assessed using colorimetric methods. Results The LD50 was established to be ≥5000 mg/kg. On CUMS-induced depression, MEAD significantly (p ≤ 0.05) and dose dependently reversed the weight loss, increased the line-crossing activity in OFT, increased sucrose consumption in SPT, decreased the duration of immobility in TST, and increased the novelty exploration time in NORT. The MEAD extract significantly (p ≤ 0.05) and dose dependently increased the levels of BDNF, decreased the levels of plasma cortisol, increased the levels of total SOD activity, and decreased the levels of plasma MDA. Conclusion Our findings show that MEAD ameliorates CUMS-induced depressive-like behavior and its effect is possibly mediated via the neuroendocrine, neurotrophic, and oxidative stress pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishatu Shehu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, PMB 1045, Zaria, Nigeria, Phone: + 234 803 6028298
| | - Mohammed Garba Magaji
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Jamilu Yau
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Abubakar Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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Differential roles of hippocampal nNOS and iNOS in the control of baroreflex function in conscious rats. Brain Res 2018; 1710:109-116. [PMID: 30605625 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The baroreflex is a prominent moment-to-moment mechanism regulating the blood pressure. The hippocampus is a limbic structure in which has been pointed out as part of central network regulating baroreflex. However, the local neurochemical mechanisms involved in control of baroreflex function are not completely understood. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the involvement of nitrergic neurotransmission present in the dorsal hippocampus in baroreflex control of heart rate in conscious rats. For this, we evaluated the effect of bilateral microinjection into the dorsal hippocampus of either the nitric oxide (NO) scavenger carboxy-PTIO, the selective neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibitor Nω-Propyl-l-arginine (NPLA) or the selective inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor 1400 W in bradycardia evoked by blood pressure increases in response to intravenous infusion of phenylephrine, and tachycardia caused by blood pressure decreases evoked by intravenous infusion of sodium nitroprusside. Bilateral microinjection of carboxy-PTIO into the dorsal hippocampus decreased the baroreflex tachycardic response without affecting the reflex bradycardia. Hippocampus treatment with NPLA increased the baroreflex bradycardia gain without affecting the reflex tachycardia. Bilateral hippocampal treatment with 1400 W decreased the reflex tachycardia and increased the baroreflex bradycardic response. Overall, these findings provide evidence that hippocampal nitrergic mechanisms acting in a NOS isoform-specific manner plays a prominent role in control of baroreflex function. Indeed, the results indicate that nNOS and iNOS exerts an inhibitory influence on reflex bradycardia, whereas iNOS mediates the reflex tachycardia.
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25
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Vieira JO, Duarte JO, Costa-Ferreira W, Crestani CC. Influence of pre-existing hypertension on neuroendocrine and cardiovascular changes evoked by chronic stress in female rats. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 97:111-119. [PMID: 30015006 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated neuroendocrine, autonomic, and cardiovascular changes evoked by daily exposure to the same type of stressor (homotypic) or different aversive stressor stimuli (heterotypic) in 60-days-old female normotensive Wistar rats and female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Both strains of rats were exposed for 10 consecutive days to either the homotypic stressor repeated restraint stress (RRS) or the heterotypic stressor chronic unpredictable stress (CUS). As expected, SHR had higher baseline blood pressure values and impaired baroreflex activity in relation to normotensive animals. Besides, SHR presented higher plasma corticosterone levels and decreased thymus weight. Both RRS and CUS increased baseline plasma corticosterone concentration and decreased body weight gain in both normotensive and SHR rats. In addition, both stress protocols caused hypertrophy of adrenal glands in normotensive rats. Regarding the cardiovascular effects, RRS increased basal heart rate in both rat strains, which was mediated by an increase in sympathetic tone to the heart. Besides, RRS increased baroreflex-mediated tachycardia in SHR animals, while CUS increased cardiac parasympathetic activity and pacemaker activity in normotensive rats. Taken together, these results indicate a stress type-specific effect, as identified by a vulnerability of both strains to the deleterious cardiovascular effects evoked by the homotypic stressor and a resilience to the impact of the heterotypic stressor. Vulnerability of hypertensive rats was evidenced by the absence of CUS-evoked adaptive cardiovascular responses and an increase of baroreflex tachycardia in SHR animals subjected to RRS. The somatic and HPA axis changes were overall independent of the chronic stress regimen and pre-existing hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas O Vieira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Josiane O Duarte
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Willian Costa-Ferreira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos C Crestani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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26
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Ghasemi M, Claunch J, Niu K. Pathologic role of nitrergic neurotransmission in mood disorders. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 173:54-87. [PMID: 29890213 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mood disorders are chronic, recurrent mental diseases that affect millions of individuals worldwide. Although over the past 40 years the biogenic amine models have provided meaningful links with the clinical phenomena of, and the pharmacological treatments currently employed in, mood disorders, there is still a need to examine the contribution of other systems to the neurobiology and treatment of mood disorders. This article reviews the current literature describing the potential role of nitric oxide (NO) signaling in the pathophysiology and thereby the treatment of mood disorders. The hypothesis has arisen from several observations including (i) altered NO levels in patients with mood disorders; (ii) antidepressant effects of NO signaling blockers in both clinical and pre-clinical studies; (iii) interaction between conventional antidepressants/mood stabilizers and NO signaling modulators in several biochemical and behavioral studies; (iv) biochemical and physiological evidence of interaction between monoaminergic (serotonin, noradrenaline, and dopamine) system and NO signaling; (v) interaction between neurotrophic factors and NO signaling in mood regulation and neuroprotection; and finally (vi) a crucial role for NO signaling in the inflammatory processes involved in pathophysiology of mood disorders. These accumulating lines of evidence have provided a new insight into novel approaches for the treatment of mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Ghasemi
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA.
| | - Joshua Claunch
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Kathy Niu
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
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Brooks SD, Hileman SM, Chantler PD, Milde SA, Lemaster KA, Frisbee SJ, Shoemaker JK, Jackson DN, Frisbee JC. Protection from vascular dysfunction in female rats with chronic stress and depressive symptoms. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 314:H1070-H1084. [PMID: 29451821 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00647.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence and severity of clinical depression are strongly correlated with vascular disease risk, creating a comorbid condition with poor outcomes but demonstrating a sexual disparity whereby female subjects are at lower risk than male subjects for subsequent cardiovascular events. To determine the potential mechanisms responsible for this protection against stress/depression-induced vasculopathy in female subjects, we exposed male, intact female, and ovariectomized (OVX) female lean Zucker rats to the unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) model for 8 wk and determined depressive symptom severity, vascular reactivity in ex vivo aortic rings and middle cerebral arteries (MCA), and the profile of major metabolites regulating vascular tone. While all groups exhibited severe depressive behaviors from UCMS, severity was significantly greater in female rats than male or OVX female rats. In all groups, endothelium-dependent dilation was depressed in aortic rings and MCAs, although myogenic activation and vascular (MCA) stiffness were not impacted. Higher-resolution results from pharmacological and biochemical assays suggested that vasoactive metabolite profiles were better maintained in female rats with normal gonadal sex steroids than male or OVX female rats, despite increased depressive symptom severity (i.e., higher nitric oxide and prostacyclin and lower H2O2 and thromboxane A2 levels). These results suggest that female rats exhibit more severe depressive behaviors with UCMS but are partially protected from the vasculopathy that afflicts male rats and female rats lacking normal sex hormone profiles. Determining how female sex hormones afford partial vascular protection from chronic stress and depression is a necessary step for addressing the burden of these conditions on cardiovascular health. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study used a translationally relevant model for chronic stress and elevated depressive symptoms to determine how these factors impact conduit and resistance arteriolar function in otherwise healthy rats. While chronic stress leads to an impaired vascular reactivity associated with elevated oxidant stress, inflammation, and reduced metabolite levels, we demonstrated partial protection from vascular dysfunction in female rats with normal sex hormone profiles compared with male or ovariectomized female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Brooks
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Stanley M Hileman
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Paul D Chantler
- Department of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Samantha A Milde
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario , Canada
| | - Kent A Lemaster
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario , Canada
| | - Stephanie J Frisbee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario , Canada.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario , Canada
| | - J Kevin Shoemaker
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario , Canada.,School of Kinesiology, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario , Canada
| | - Dwayne N Jackson
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario , Canada
| | - Jefferson C Frisbee
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario , Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario , Canada
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28
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Vieira JO, Duarte JO, Costa-Ferreira W, Morais-Silva G, Marin MT, Crestani CC. Sex differences in cardiovascular, neuroendocrine and behavioral changes evoked by chronic stressors in rats. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 81:426-437. [PMID: 28823849 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the physiological, somatic and behavioral changes evoked by daily exposure to the same type of stressor (homotypic) or different aversive stressor stimuli (heterotypic) in male and female rats. For this, adult Wistar rats were subjected to a 10days regimen of repeated restraint stress (RRS, homotypic stressor) or chronic variable stress (CVS, heterotypic stressor). Effects evoked by CVS included: (i) adrenal hypertrophy and decreased body weight gain in male animals, (ii) a sympathetically-mediated increase in basal heart rate in males, and (iii) a rise in plasma corticosterone concentration and anxiogenic effects in female animals. The homotypic stressor RRS also induced an increase in plasma corticosterone and anxiogenic effects in females, decreased body weight gain in males and evoked a sympathetically-mediated increase in heart rate in both sexes. Changes in cardiovascular function and autonomic activity evoked by both stressors were followed by impairment of baroreflex activity in males, but not female animals. Both chronic stressors evoked changes in blood pressure responsiveness to vasoconstrictor and vasodilator agents in both sexes. Taken together, these results indicate that regardless of chronic stress regimen males are more vulnerable to somatic effects of chronic stressors, while females appear to be more susceptible to neuroendocrine and behavioral changes. Present findings also indicate that females are selectively vulnerable to cardiovascular and autonomic changes evoked by homotypic stressors. Nevertheless, homotypic and heterotypic stressors similarly affect cardiovascular function and autonomic activity in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas O Vieira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Josiane O Duarte
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Willian Costa-Ferreira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Gessynger Morais-Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo T Marin
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos C Crestani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Liu Z, Liu H, Zeng ZH. Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Causing Cardiac and Thoracic Spinal Cord Electrophysiological Abnormalities May Be Associated with Increased Cardiac Expression of Serotonin and Growth-Associated Protein-43 in Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:8697913. [PMID: 29707580 PMCID: PMC5863291 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8697913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the potential mechanisms by which chronic unpredictable mild stress (CMS) might induce cardiovascular disease. METHODS Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats (weighing 180-250 g) were divided into the CMS group (CMS for 3 weeks) and control group (n = 10/group). Sucrose solution consumption, sucrose solution preference rate, and the open field test (horizontal and vertical movements) were used to confirm the establishment of the CMS model. Heart rate was determined in Langendorff-perfused hearts, and field action potential duration (FAPD) was measured in cardiac atrial tissue, cardiac ventricular tissue, and thoracic spinal cord segments 1-5. The expressions of serotonin (5-HT) and growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) in cardiac ventricular tissue were analyzed using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. RESULTS Compared with the control group, sucrose solution consumption, sucrose solution preference rate, horizontal movement, and vertical movement were significantly lower in the CMS group (P < 0.01). The CMS group exhibited significant decreases in atrial and ventricular FAPDs (P < 0.05), as well as significant increases in heart rates (P < 0.05) and T1-5 spinal cord FAPD (P < 0.01), as compared with the control group. The expressions of 5-HT and GAP-43 in cardiac ventricular tissue were significantly higher in the CMS group than in controls (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS CMS causes cardiac and T1-5 spinal cord electrophysiological abnormalities as well as increased cardiac expression of 5-HT and GAP-43, indicating that CMS could potentially increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjiang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Six Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Six Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, China
| | - Zhi Huan Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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30
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Hu X, Dong Y, Jin X, Zhang C, Zhang T, Zhao J, Shi J, Li J. The novel and potent anti-depressive action of triptolide and its influences on hippocampal neuroinflammation in a rat model of depression comorbidity of chronic pain. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 64:180-194. [PMID: 28300618 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain and depression frequently coexist in clinical setting, and current clinical treatments for this comorbidity have shown limited efficacy. Triptolide (T10), an active component of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F., has been demonstrated to exert strong analgesic activities in experimental pain models, but whether it possesses anti-depressive actions remains unknown. Using a depression comorbidity of chronic pain rat model induced by spinal nerve ligation (SNL), we investigated the potency of T10 for the treatment of comorbid depression in comparison with a widely used antidepressant, fluoxetine (FLX). Concomitant neuroinflammation changes were also examined in the hippocampus. The results showed that prophylactic and reversal treatments with T10 dose-dependently (30, 100, 300μg/kg) inhibited the depression-like behaviors (DLB) assessed by the forced swim test, sucrose preference test and body weight measurement. The anti-depressive efficacy of T10 at 300μg/kg was significantly stronger than that of FLX at 18mg/kg. T10 at all three doses exhibited more efficient analgesic effects than FLX at 18mg/kg. The combined application of T10 with FLX markedly augmented the effects of T10 or FLX per se, with the facilitating effects of T10 at 30μg/kg being most prominent. In addition, nerve injury caused the activation of microglia and p38 MAPK, the upregulation of IL-1β and TNF-α as well as the downregulation of IL-10 in the hippocampus at postoperative week (POW) 3. These neuroinflammatory responses were reversed by subchronic treatment with T10. Taken together, these results demonstrate that T10 possesses potent anti-depressive function, which is correlated with its immunoregulation in the hippocampus. The combination of a low dose of T10 with FLX may become a more effective medication strategy for the treatment of comorbid depression and chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Hu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Preclinical School of Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yulin Dong
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Preclinical School of Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xiaohang Jin
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Preclinical School of Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Chunkui Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Preclinical School of Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Preclinical School of Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Preclinical School of Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Juan Shi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Preclinical School of Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Jinlian Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Preclinical School of Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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Harris JJ, Reynell C. How do antidepressants influence the BOLD signal in the developing brain? Dev Cogn Neurosci 2016; 25:45-57. [PMID: 28089656 PMCID: PMC6987820 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a highly prevalent life-threatening disorder, with its first onset commonly occurring during adolescence. Adolescent depression is increasingly being treated with antidepressants, such as fluoxetine. The use of medication during this sensitive period of physiological and cognitive brain development produces neurobiological changes, some of which may outlast the course of treatment. In this review, we look at how antidepressant treatment in adolescence is likely to alter neurovascular coupling and brain energy use and how these changes, in turn, affect our ability to identify neuronal activity changes between participant groups. BOLD (blood oxygen level dependent) fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging), the method most commonly used to record brain activity in humans, is an indirect measure of neuronal activity. This means that between-group comparisons – adolescent versus adult, depressed versus healthy, medicated versus non-medicated – rely upon a stable relationship existing between neuronal activity and the BOLD response across these groups. We use data from animal studies to detail the ways in which fluoxetine may alter this relationship, and explore how these alterations may influence the interpretation of BOLD signal differences between groups that have been treated with fluoxetine and those that have not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia J Harris
- Life Sciences Department, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK; Francis Crick Institute, Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
| | - Clare Reynell
- Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, H3C 3J7, Canada.
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Herbet M, Gawrońska-Grzywacz M, Izdebska M, Piątkowska-Chmiel I. Effect of the interaction between atorvastatin and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors on the blood redox equilibrium. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:3440-3444. [PMID: 27882176 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease and depression often occur simultaneously in the same patient. Long-term polypharmacotherapy can lead to drug-induced oxidative stress. Data concerning the effects of concomitant treatment with atorvastatin and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are lacking. The aim of the present study was to examine oxidative stress parameters in the blood of rats after 28 days treatment with atorvastatin combined with fluoxetine or paroxetine. The study was carried out on male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g. Aqueous solutions of atorvastatin (10 mg/kg), fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) and paroxetine (10 mg/kg) were injected once a day for 28 days, separately or concomitantly. The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) was determined in the whole blood, whereas the activity of glutathione reductase (GR) and the total antioxidant status (TAS) were determined in the serum. The results demonstrated that concomitant administration of atorvastatin with fluoxetine caused an increase in the GPX activity and the TAS. Atorvastatin administered to rats with paroxetine increased the activities of GPX and GR. In the groups of rats receiving atorvastatin or SSRIs separately, no statistically significant changes in the investigated parameters were observed. The changes that were detected may indicate an increase in endogenous antioxidant levels during the concomitant application of atorvastatin with SSRIs and thus a drug-drug interaction having an effect on the blood redox equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola Herbet
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Magdalena Izdebska
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Trans-astaxanthin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation and depressive-like behavior in mice. Brain Res 2016; 1649:30-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Costa-Ferreira W, Vieira JO, Almeida J, Gomes-de-Souza L, Crestani CC. Involvement of Type 1 Angiontensin II Receptor (AT1) in Cardiovascular Changes Induced by Chronic Emotional Stress: Comparison between Homotypic and Heterotypic Stressors. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:262. [PMID: 27588004 PMCID: PMC4988975 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Consistent evidence has shown an important role of emotional stress in pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, studies in animal models have demonstrated that daily exposure to different stressor (heterotypic stressor) evokes more severe changes than those resulting from repeated exposure to the same aversive stimulus (homotypic stressor), possibly due to the habituation process upon repeated exposure to the same stressor. Despite these pieces of evidence, the mechanisms involved in the stress-evoked cardiovascular dysfunction are poorly understood. Therefore, the present study investigated the involvement of angiotensin II (Ang II) acting on the type 1 Ang II receptor (AT1) in the cardiovascular dysfunctions evoked by both homotypic and heterotypic chronic emotional stresses in rats. For this purpose, we compared the effect of the chronic treatment with the AT1 receptor antagonist losartan (30 mg/kg/day, p.o.) on the cardiovascular and autonomic changes evoked by the heterotypic stressor chronic variable stress (CVS) and the homotypic stressor repeated restraint stress (RRS). RRS increased the sympathetic tone to the heart and decreased the cardiac parasympathetic activity, whereas CVS decreased the cardiac parasympathetic activity. Additionally, both stressors impaired the baroreflex function. Alterations in the autonomic activity and the baroreflex impairment were inhibited by losartan treatment. Additionally, CVS reduced the body weight and increased the circulating corticosterone; however, these effects were not affected by losartan. In conclusion, these findings indicate the involvement of angiotensin II/AT1 receptors in the autonomic changes evoked by both homotypic and heterotypic chronic stressors. Moreover, the present results provide evidence that the increase in the circulating corticosterone and body weight reduction evoked by heterotypic stressors are independent of AT1 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willian Costa-Ferreira
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP-Universidade Estadual PaulistaAraraquara, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, UFSCar-UNESPSão Carlos, Brazil
| | - Jonas O Vieira
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP-Universidade Estadual PaulistaAraraquara, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, UFSCar-UNESPSão Carlos, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Almeida
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP-Universidade Estadual PaulistaAraraquara, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, UFSCar-UNESPSão Carlos, Brazil
| | - Lucas Gomes-de-Souza
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP-Universidade Estadual PaulistaAraraquara, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, UFSCar-UNESPSão Carlos, Brazil
| | - Carlos C Crestani
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP-Universidade Estadual PaulistaAraraquara, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, UFSCar-UNESPSão Carlos, Brazil
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Crestani CC. Emotional Stress and Cardiovascular Complications in Animal Models: A Review of the Influence of Stress Type. Front Physiol 2016; 7:251. [PMID: 27445843 PMCID: PMC4919347 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Emotional stress has been recognized as a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The impact of stress on physiological and psychological processes is determined by characteristics of the stress stimulus. For example, distinct responses are induced by acute vs. chronic aversive stimuli. Additionally, the magnitude of stress responses has been reported to be inversely related to the degree of predictability of the aversive stimulus. Therefore, the purpose of the present review was to discuss experimental research in animal models describing the influence of stressor stimulus characteristics, such as chronicity and predictability, in cardiovascular dysfunctions induced by emotional stress. Regarding chronicity, the importance of cardiovascular and autonomic adjustments during acute stress sessions and cardiovascular consequences of frequent stress response activation during repeated exposure to aversive threats (i.e., chronic stress) is discussed. Evidence of the cardiovascular and autonomic changes induced by chronic stressors involving daily exposure to the same stressor (predictable) vs. different stressors (unpredictable) is reviewed and discussed in terms of the impact of predictability in cardiovascular dysfunctions induced by stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos C Crestani
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista Araraquara, Brasil
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Sévoz-Couche C, Brouillard C. Key role of 5-HT 3 receptors in the nucleus tractus solitarii in cardiovagal stress reactivity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 74:423-432. [PMID: 27131969 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Serotonin plays a modulatory role in central control of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) in the medulla is an area of viscerosomatic integration innervated by both central and peripheral serotonergic fibers. Influences from different origins therefore trigger the release of serotonin into the NTS and exert multiple influences on the ANS. This major influence on the ANS is also mediated by activation of several receptors in the NTS. In particular, the NTS is the central zone with the highest density of serotonin3 (5-HT3) receptors. In this review, we present evidence that 5-HT3 receptors in the NTS play a key role in one of the crucial homeostatic responses to acute and chronic stress: inhibitory modulation of the parasympathetic component of the ANS. The possible functional interactions of 5-HT3 receptors with GABAA and NK1 receptors in the NTS are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Sévoz-Couche
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, UMRS1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Paris, France.
| | - Charly Brouillard
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, UMRS1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Paris, France
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