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Liao Q, Chen Y, Peng Q, Li C. Relationship between triglyceride-glucose index and gallstones risk: a population-based study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1420999. [PMID: 39055055 PMCID: PMC11269096 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1420999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Globally, gallstones represented a prevalent condition of the digestive system, heavily affected by metabolic dysfunctions such as obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and diabetes. The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index served as an accessible novel indicator for evaluating insulin resistance, offering a precise reflection of metabolic conditions. However, no studies have yet explored their relationship. The link between the TyG and gallstone risk was the primary purpose of this study. Methods Utilized data from the public database, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, for the years 2017-2020. The logit model was utilized to elucidate the connection between the TyG and the gallstones risk. The restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis served to verify any non-linear relationships existing between them. Sensitivity analyses, encompassing both stratified and interaction analyses, were conducted to identify populations of particular interest and assess potential interactions between covariates and the TyG index. Results A total of 4544 individuals were included. The risk of gallstones in high group was 1.6 times that of the low group. The potential cut-off value for the TyG index was 6.19. Above this threshold, there was a 40% heightened risk of gallstones with each one-unit increment in the TyG. The RCS analysis revealed the absence of a non-linear association between them. The populations warranting particular focus included those over 60 years, non-White people, individuals with a body mass index ≥25, smokers, drinkers, those with hypertension, and diabetes. Apart from smoking history, alcohol consumption, and history of diabetes, there were no interactions between other variables and the TyG index. Conclusion The current study represented the inaugural investigation into the link between TyG index and the risk of gallstones. A positive correlation existed between them, signifying that an increase in TyG paralleled an elevated risk of gallstones. No non-linear relationship has been found between them. Besides, a 40% increase in gallstone risk accompanied each unit rise in TyG. Considering the convenience and accessibility of TyG in clinical settings, it has a promising potential for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chunying Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Longyan First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Longyan, China
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Hasbal NB, Bakir CN, Incir S, Siriopol D, Sanchez-Lozada LG, Lanaspa MA, Johnson RJ, Kanbay M. A study on the early metabolic effects of salt and fructose consumption: the protective role of water. Hypertens Res 2024; 47:1797-1810. [PMID: 38750219 PMCID: PMC11224018 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-024-01686-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Increasing serum osmolality has recently been linked with acute stress responses, which over time can lead to increased risk for obesity, hypertension, and other chronic diseases. Salt and fructose are two major stimuli that can induce acute changes in serum osmolality. Here we investigate the early metabolic effects of sodium and fructose consumption and determine whether the effects of sodium or fructose loading can be mitigated by blocking the change in osmolality with hydration. Forty-four healthy subjects without disease and medication were recruited into four groups. After overnight fasting, subjects in Group 1 drank 500 mL of salty soup, while those in Group 2 drank 500 mL of soup without salt for 15 min. Subjects in Group 3 drank 500 mL of 100% apple juice in 5 min, while subjects in Group 4 drank 500 mL of 100% apple juice and 500 mL of water in 5 min. Blood pressure (BP), plasma sodium, and glucose levels were measured every 15 min in the first 2 h. Serum and urine osmolarity, serum uric acid, cortisol, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), aldosterone, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) level, and plasma renin activity (PRA) were measured at the baseline and 2 h. Both acute intake of salt or fructose increased serum osmolality (maximum ∼4 mOsm/L peaking at 75 min) associated with a rise in systolic and diastolic BP, PRA, aldosterone, ACTH, cortisol, plasma glucose, uric acid, and FGF21. Salt tended to cause greater activation of the renin-angiotensin-system (RAS), while fructose caused a greater rise in glucose and FGF21. In both cases, hydration could prevent the osmolality and largely block the acute stress response. Acute changes in serum osmolality can induce remarkable activation of the ACTH-cortisol, RAS, glucose metabolism, and uric acid axis that is responsive to hydration. In addition to classic dehydration, salt, and fructose-containing sugars can activate these responses. Staying well hydrated may provide benefits despite exposure to sugar and salt. More studies are needed to investigate whether hydration can block the chronic effects of sugar and salt on disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuri Baris Hasbal
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | | | - Said Incir
- Department of Biochemistry, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dimitrie Siriopol
- Department of Nephrology, "Saint John the New" County Hospital, Stefan cel Mare University, Suceava, Romania
| | - Laura G Sanchez-Lozada
- Department of Cardio-Renal Physiopathology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chavez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel A Lanaspa
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Richard J Johnson
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mehmet Kanbay
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
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Wan W, Yu Y. Association between the triglyceride glucose index and depression: a meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1390631. [PMID: 38966187 PMCID: PMC11222386 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1390631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity and diabetes have been associated with depressive symptoms. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the association between the triglyceride glucose index (TyG index) a novel indicator of insulin resistance (IR) and depression in the adult population. Methods Relevant observational studies were acquired through comprehensive searches of the Medline, Web of Science, Embase, Wanfang, and China National Knowledge Internet databases. To account for heterogeneity, a random-effects model was employed to combine the findings. Additionally, multiple subgroup analyses were conducted to assess the impact of various study characteristics on the outcome. Results The meta-analysis comprised eight datasets from six cross-sectional studies, encompassing a total of 28,973 adults. The pooled findings suggested that subjects with a high TyG index, compared to those with a low TyG index, were associated with a higher prevalence of depression (odds ratio [OR]: 1.41, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.28-1.56, p<0.001; I2 = 19%). Sensitivity analyses, by omitting one dataset at a time, showed consistent results (OR: 1.39-1.45, p<0.05). Further subgroup analyses showed consistent results in participants aged <50 years old and in those aged ≥50 years old, in men and in women, in studies with different cutoff values for the TyG index, and in studies with different methods for the diagnosis of depression (for each subgroup difference, p>0.05). Conclusion A high TyG index may be associated with a higher prevalence of depression in the adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Wan
- Department of Psychiatry, Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuchang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Wei S, Wu T, You Y, Liu F, Hou Q, Mo C, Zhou L, Yang J. Correlation between the triglyceride-glucose index and chronic kidney disease among adults with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease: fourteen-year follow-up. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1400448. [PMID: 38846493 PMCID: PMC11153799 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1400448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aims According to previous studies, triglyceride-glucose (TyG) is related to chronic kidney disease (CKD), but no studies have explored the correlation between TyG and CKD among adults with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). We aimed to explore the associations of the TyG index with CKD among adults with MAFLD. Methods In this retrospective observational cohort study, data from 11,860 participants who underwent a minimum of three health assessments between 2008 and 2015 were retrospectively collected. Participants were followed up until the final medical visit or health examination. CKD refers to an eGFR < 60 mL/min per 1·73 m2 or the occurrence of two or more incidents of proteinuria. Results Within a median 10·02-year follow-up period, 2005 (16·9%) participants reported developing CKD. Multivariate Cox regression models indicated a noticeable correlation between the TyG index and CKD incidence (HR per unit increase, 1.19; 95% CI: 1.09-1.29) and between the TyG index and CKD incidence (HR per SD increase, 1.12; 95% CI: 1.06-1.18). The CKD incidence increased by 1.8 times in participants in the highest TyG index quartile relative to patients in the lowest quartile of the TyG index quartile (HR 1·18, 95% CI: 1.01-1.38, P = 0.007). According to subgroup analysis, an elevated TyG index is likely to become more harmful to participants younger than 60 years (P for interaction = 0.035). Conclusion An elevated TyG index may increase CKD incidence among MAFLD adults, particularly among younger people. Early intervention may help reduce the incidence of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suosu Wei
- Department of Scientific Cooperation of Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Tengyan Wu
- Department of Health Service Management, School of Information and Management, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yanwu You
- Department of Nephrology, People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Scientific Research and Experimental Center, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Qiyan Hou
- Graduate School of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Chongde Mo
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Jianrong Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Pancreas and Spleen Surgery, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
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Wang Y, He X, Huang K, Cheng N. Nanozyme as a rising star for metabolic disease management. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:226. [PMID: 38711066 PMCID: PMC11071342 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02478-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanozyme, characterized by outstanding and inherent enzyme-mimicking properties, have emerged as highly promising alternatives to natural enzymes owning to their exceptional attributes such as regulation of oxidative stress, convenient storage, adjustable catalytic activities, remarkable stability, and effortless scalability for large-scale production. Given the potent regulatory function of nanozymes on oxidative stress and coupled with the fact that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a vital role in the occurrence and exacerbation of metabolic diseases, nanozyme offer a unique perspective for therapy through multifunctional activities, achieving essential results in the treatment of metabolic diseases by directly scavenging excess ROS or regulating pathologically related molecules. The rational design strategies, nanozyme-enabled therapeutic mechanisms at the cellular level, and the therapies of nanozyme for several typical metabolic diseases and underlying mechanisms are discussed, mainly including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, diabetic wound healing, and others. Finally, the pharmacokinetics, safety analysis, challenges, and outlooks for the application of nanozyme are also presented. This review will provide some instructive perspectives on nanozyme and promote the development of enzyme-mimicking strategies in metabolic disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the PR China, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyun He
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the PR China, Beijing, China
| | - Kunlun Huang
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the PR China, Beijing, China.
| | - Nan Cheng
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the PR China, Beijing, China.
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Ullah Khan S, Daniela Hernández-González K, Ali A, Shakeel Raza Rizvi S. Diabetes and the fabkin complex: A dual-edged sword. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 223:116196. [PMID: 38588831 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The Fabkin complex, composed of FABP4, ADK, and NDPKs, emerges as a novel regulator of insulin-producing beta cells, offering promising prospects for diabetes treatment. Our approach, which combines literature review and database analysis, sets the stage for future research. These findings hold significant implications for both diabetes treatment and research, as they present potential therapeutic targets for personalized treatment, leading to enhanced patient outcomes and a deeper comprehension of the disease. The multifaceted role of the Fabkin complex in glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, anti-inflammation, beta cell proliferation, and vascular function underscores its therapeutic potential, reshaping diabetes management and propelling advancements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safir Ullah Khan
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife & Fisheries, Faculty of sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, P.C. 46300, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Karla Daniela Hernández-González
- Facultad de Biología, Universidad Veracruzana, Circuito Gonzalo Aguirre Beltrán s/n, Zona Universitaria, C.P. 91000 Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Amir Ali
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Program, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Syed Shakeel Raza Rizvi
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife & Fisheries, Faculty of sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, P.C. 46300, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
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Qin Y, Qiao Y, Yan G, Wang D, Tang C. Relationship between indices of insulin resistance and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese adults. Endocrine 2024:10.1007/s12020-024-03830-3. [PMID: 38642289 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-03830-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance (IR) is a pivotal pathogenesis characteristic of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The current study aimed to explore the association between triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-c), triglyceride-glucose (TyG), and triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI), and T2DM incidence. METHODS A total of 116,855 Chinese adults aged over 20 without diabetes were included. Multivariate Cox regression analysis and restricted cubic spine were utilized to investigate the association between IR indicators and T2DM. The T2DM risk across different quartiles of IR parameters was compared using Kaplan-Meier curves. The receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to investigate the predictive potential of each IR indicator for future T2DM. RESULTS A total of 2685 participants developed T2DM during a median follow-up of 2.98 years. The adjusted hazard ratios (HR) of incident T2DM were 1.177, 2.766, and 1.1018 for TG/HDL-c, TyG, and TyG-BMI, respectively. There were significant increasing trends of T2DM across the quartiles of TG/HDL-c, TyG, and TyG-BMI. The HRs of new-onset T2DM in the highest quartiles versus the lowest quartile of TG/HDL-c, TyG, and TyG-BMI were 3.298, 8.402, and 8.468. RCS revealed the nonlinear relationship between IR and T2DM risk. The correlations between IR and T2DM were more pronounced in subjects aged <40. TyG-BMI had the highest predictive value for incident T2DM (AUC = 0.774), with a cut-off value of 213.289. CONCLUSION TG/HDL-c, TyG, and TyG-BMI index were all significantly positively associated with higher risk for future T2DM. Baseline TyG-BMI level had high predictive value for the identification of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Qiao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Gaoliang Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengchun Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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Liu Q, Zhang Y, Chen S, Xiang H, Ouyang J, Liu H, Zhang J, Chai Y, Zhan Z, Gao P, Zhang X, Fan J, Zheng X, Zhang Z, Lu H. Association of the triglyceride-glucose index with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with cardiometabolic syndrome: a national cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:80. [PMID: 38402393 PMCID: PMC10893675 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02152-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the association of triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk among patients with cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS). METHODS We performed a cohort study of 5754 individuals with CMS from the 2001-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The TyG index was calculated as Ln [fasting triglycerides (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2]. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models assessed the associations between TyG index and mortality . Non-linear correlations and threshold effects were explored using restricted cubic splines and a two-piecewise Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS Over a median follow-up of 107 months, 1201 all-cause deaths occurred, including 398 cardiovascular disease-related deaths. The multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model showed a positive association between the TyG index and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Each one-unit increase in the TyG index was associated with a 16% risk increase in all-cause mortality (HR: 1.16, 95% CI 1.03, 1.31, P = 0.017) and a 39% risk increase in cardiovascular mortality (HR: 1.39, 95% CI 1.14, 1.71, P = 0.001) after adjusting for confounders. The restricted cubic splines revealed a U-shaped association between the TyG index and all-cause (P for nonlinear < 0.001) and cardiovascular mortality (P for nonlinear = 0.044), identifying threshold values (all-cause mortality: 9.104; cardiovascular mortality: 8.758). A TyG index below these thresholds displayed a negative association with all-cause mortality (HR: 0.58, 95% CI 0.38, 0.90, P = 0.015) but not with cardiovascular mortality (HR: 0.39, 95% CI 0.12, 1.27, P = 0.119). Conversely, a TyG index exceeding these thresholds was positively associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality (HR: 1.35, 95% CI 1.17, 1.55, P < 0.001; HR: 1.54, 95% CI 1.25, 1.90, P < 0.001, respectively). Notably, a higher TyG index (≥ threshold values) was significantly associated with increased mortality only among individuals aged under 55 compared to those with a lower TyG index (< threshold values). CONCLUSIONS The TyG index demonstrated a U-shaped correlation with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in individuals with CMS. The thresholds of 9.104 and 8.758 for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, respectively, may be used as intervention targets to reduce the risk of premature death and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanjun Liu
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 138, Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, China
| | - Yeshen Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 138, Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, China
| | - Shuhua Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences of Central, South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Xiang
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Ouyang
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 138, Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, China
| | - Huiqin Liu
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 138, Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 138, Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, China
| | - Yanfei Chai
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zishun Zhan
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 138, Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 138, Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences of Central, South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianing Fan
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 138, Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, China
| | - Xinru Zheng
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 138, Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 138, Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, China.
| | - Hongwei Lu
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 138, Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, China.
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Gong X, Wang S, Wang X, Zhong S, Yuan J, Zhong Y, Jiang Q. Long-term exposure to air pollution and risk of insulin resistance: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 271:115909. [PMID: 38199220 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effects of air pollution on metabolism have become a popular research topic, and a large number of studies had confirmed that air pollution exposure could induce insulin resistance (IR) to varying degrees, but the results were inconsistent, especially for the long-term exposures. The aim of the current study was to further investigate the potential effects of air pollution on IR. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis of four electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane were conducted, searching for relevant studies published before June 10, 2023, in order to explore the potential relationships between long-term exposure to air pollution and IR. A total of 10 studies were included for data analysis, including seven cohort studies and three cross-sectional studies. Four major components of air pollution, including PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 µm or less), PM10 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 µm or less), NO2, and SO2 were selected, and each analyzed for the potential impacts on insulin resistance, in the form of adjusted percentage changes in the homeostasis assessment model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). RESULTS This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that for every 1 μg/m³ increase in the concentration of selected air pollutants, PM2.5 induced a 0.40% change in HOMA-IR (95%CI: -0.03, 0.84; I2 =67.4%, p = 0.009), while PM10 induced a 1.61% change (95%CI: 0.243, 2.968; I2 =49.1%, p = 0.001). Meanwhile, the change in HOMA-IR due to increased NO2 or SO2 exposure concentration was only 0.09% (95%CI: -0.01, 0.19; I2 =83.2%, p = 0.002) or 0.01% (95%CI: -0.04, 0.06; I2 =0.0%, p = 0.638), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Long-term exposures to PM2.5, PM10, NO2 or SO2 are indeed associated with the odds of IR. Among the analyzed pollutants, inhalable particulate matters appear to exert greater impacts on IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxian Gong
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, China
| | - Siyi Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaokang Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Shuping Zhong
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, China
| | - Junhua Yuan
- Department of Special Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuxu Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, China.
| | - Qixiao Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, China.
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Probst Y, Guan V, Neale E. Avocado intake and cardiometabolic risk factors in a representative survey of Australians: a secondary analysis of the 2011-2012 national nutrition and physical activity survey. Nutr J 2024; 23:12. [PMID: 38273346 PMCID: PMC10809541 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-024-00915-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avocados are a rich source of nutrients including monounsaturated fats, dietary fibre and phytochemicals. Higher dietary quality is reported in studies of consumers with higher avocado intakes. The present study aimed to examine avocado consumption and cardiometabolic risk measures in a representative sample of Australian adults. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis was performed using Australian Health Survey 2011-2013 (n = 2,736 observations). Day 1 24-hour recall data was used to examine reported avocado intake (whole avocados and avocado-containing products excluding avocado oil) and cardiometabolic risk measures (LDL, HDL, and total cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein B, HbA1c, plasma glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressure). T-tests and chi square analyses were conducted between low (5.21 [95% CI: 4.63, 5.79] grams/day) and high (44.11 [95% CI: 35.89, 52.33] grams/day) consumers of avocado. RESULTS 14.7% of Australians were 'avocado consumers' (n = 403 observations). Mean avocado intake was 24.63 (95% CI: 20.11, 29.15) grams per day, with a median intake of 10.40 (IQR: 4.49-26.00) grams per day for those considered 'avocado consumers'. Consumers of avocados had a lower BMI and waist circumference (each, p ≤ 0.001), lower plasma glucose level (p = 0.03), and higher HDL cholesterol (p ≤ 0.001) when compared with non-consumers. A trend towards lower plasma glucose, HbA1c (each, p = 0.04) and higher dietary fibre intake (p = 0.05) was found between high and low consumers of avocado. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests favourable outcomes for avocado intake and cardiometabolic characteristics of consumers. Future studies should explore glucose homeostasis using a clinical trial design to understand potential relationships between avocado intake and cardiometabolic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Probst
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| | - Vivienne Guan
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Neale
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
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11
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Xourafa G, Korbmacher M, Roden M. Inter-organ crosstalk during development and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024; 20:27-49. [PMID: 37845351 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00898-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by tissue-specific insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, which result from the interplay of local abnormalities within different tissues and systemic dysregulation of tissue crosstalk. The main local mechanisms comprise metabolic (lipid) signalling, altered mitochondrial metabolism with oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress and local inflammation. While the role of endocrine dysregulation in T2DM pathogenesis is well established, other forms of inter-organ crosstalk deserve closer investigation to better understand the multifactorial transition from normoglycaemia to hyperglycaemia. This narrative Review addresses the impact of certain tissue-specific messenger systems, such as metabolites, peptides and proteins and microRNAs, their secretion patterns and possible alternative transport mechanisms, such as extracellular vesicles (exosomes). The focus is on the effects of these messengers on distant organs during the development of T2DM and progression to its complications. Starting from the adipose tissue as a major organ relevant to T2DM pathophysiology, the discussion is expanded to other key tissues, such as skeletal muscle, liver, the endocrine pancreas and the intestine. Subsequently, this Review also sheds light on the potential of multimarker panels derived from these biomarkers and related multi-omics for the prediction of risk and progression of T2DM, novel diabetes mellitus subtypes and/or endotypes and T2DM-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Xourafa
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Melis Korbmacher
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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12
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Lei C, Wang J, Li X, Mao YY, Yan JQ. Changes of insulin receptors in high fat and high glucose diet mice with insulin resistance. Adipocyte 2023; 12:2264444. [PMID: 37830511 PMCID: PMC10578188 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2023.2264444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to observe the expression of insulin-signaling molecules in different organs of mice with insulin resistance (IR). Firstly, mice were fed a high-fat and high-sugar diet (HF group) to establish an IR model, and the controls (NF group) were fed with a normal diet. Next, the weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum insulin and insulin tolerance were detected. Pathological changes of liver tissues were observed by H&E staining. The expressions of INSR, IRS-1 and IRS-2 in the liver, skeletal muscle and ovary were measured by qRT-PCR and western blotting. As a result, compared with the NF group, the HF group mice had increased weight, FBG, insulin and IR index after 6-week of feeding as well as a worse performance in the insulin tolerance test and H&E staining showed fatty liver-like changes after 12-week of feeding, exhibited lower expression of INSR, IRS-1 and IRS-2 in the liver of mice at 6 and 12 weeks. The expression of INSR and IRS-1 in skeletal muscle tissues exhibited the same trend, while those in ovary organs showed the opposite trend. These results suggested that the insulin signaling alters in the liver, skeletal muscle and ovary organs with the progress of IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Lei
- Physiological Department, Xi’an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi’an, China
- Department of geriatrics and special needs, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Research Office, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of nutrition, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Mao
- Department of geriatrics and special needs, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jian-Qun Yan
- Physiological Department, Xi’an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi’an, China
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Li JW, Chen YZ, Zhang Y, Zeng LH, Li KW, Xie BZ, Luo SP, Gao J. Gut microbiota and risk of polycystic ovary syndrome: Insights from Mendelian randomization. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22155. [PMID: 38125500 PMCID: PMC10730437 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifaceted endocrine and metabolic syndrome with complex origins and pathogenesis that has not yet been fully elucidated. Recently, the interconnection between gut microbiota and metabolic diseases has gained prominence in research, generating new insights into the correlation between PCOS and gut microbiota composition. However, the causal link between PCOS and gut microbiota remains relatively unexplored, indicating a crucial gap in current research. Methods We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis using summary statistics obtained from the MiBioGen Consortium's extensive genome-wide association studies (GWAS) meta-analysis, focusing on the gut microbiota. Summary statistics for PCOS were acquired from the FinnGen Consortium R7 release data. Various statistical approaches, including inverse variance weighted, MR-Egger, maximum likelihood, weighted model, and weighted median, have been employed to investigate the causal association between the gut microbiota and PCOS. Additionally, we performed a reverse causal analysis. Cochran's Q statistic was used to assess the heterogeneity of the instrumental variables. Regarding the relationships between PCOS and specific genera within the gut microbiota, a significance level of P < 0.05 was observed, but only when q ≥ 0.1. Results Our analysis revealed that specific microbial genera, namely Bilophila (P = 4.62 × 10-3), Blautia (P = 0.02), and Holdemania (P = 0.04), displayed a protective effect against PCOS. Conversely, the presence of the Lachnospiraceae family of bacteria was associated with a detrimental effect on PCOS (P = 0.04). Furthermore, reverse Mendelian randomization analysis confirmed the significant influence of Lachnospiraceae on PCOS. No significant variations in instrumental variables or evidence of horizontal pleiotropy were observed. Conclusions The results revealed a definitive causal link between PCOS and the presence of Bilophila, Blautia, Holdemania, and Lachnospiraceae in the gut microbiota. This discovery could provide pivotal insights, leading to novel preventive and therapeutic approaches for PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-wei Li
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, # No.12 Ji Chang Road, 510405, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu-zhi Chen
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, # No.12 Ji Chang Road, 510405, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, # No.12 Ji Chang Road, 510405, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li-hua Zeng
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, # No.12 Ji Chang Road, 510405, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kai-wei Li
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, # No.12 Ji Chang Road, 510405, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bao-zhen Xie
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, # No.12 Ji Chang Road, 510405, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Song-ping Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 510405 Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jie Gao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 510405 Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
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Liu R, Li L, Wang L, Zhang S. Triglyceride-glucose index predicts death in patients with stroke younger than 65. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1198487. [PMID: 37602260 PMCID: PMC10435085 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1198487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The triglyceride-glucose index (TGI), a reliable surrogate indicator of insulin resistance (IR), has been proven to be a predictor of the incidence of ischemic stroke. The role of TGI in predicting the outcomes of stroke patients remains controversial. Susceptibility to IR-related diseases varies among patients of different ages. The study aims to evaluate the predictive value of TGI levels on clinical outcomes of patients with ischemic stroke of different ages. Method This was a retrospective cohort study including patients with ischemic stroke in the Department of Neurology at West China Hospital. TGI was calculated as ln [fasting triglyceride (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2]. The patients were subdivided into 3 tertiles according to TGI levels. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate the association between TGI levels and post-stroke outcomes among the whole patients, younger patients (<65), and older patients (>=65). The outcomes included death and unfavorable functional outcome (modified Rankin scale score 3-6) at 3 and 12 months after stroke. Results A total of 3,704 patients (men, 65.08%, mean age, 61.44 ± 14.15; women 34.92%, mean age, 65.70 ± 13.69) were enrolled in this study. TGI levels were not associated with 3 month or 12 month death in the whole patients. Patients with higher TGI levels (T2 and T3) had a higher risk of 3 month death than those had lower TGI levels (T1) in the younger group (T2 vs. T1: OR 2.64, 95% CI 1.03-6.79, p = 0.043; T3 vs. T1: OR 2.69, 95% CI 1.00-7.10, p = 0.049) but not in the older group. Additionally, Kaplan-Meier estimate analysis illustrated that the 12 month death risk was significantly higher in the group with the highest TGI among younger patients (p for log-rank test = 0.028) but not among older patients. There was an interactive effect between TGI and age on 3 month death (p for interaction = 0.013) and 12 month death (p for interaction = 0.027). However, TGI was not associated with unfavorable functional outcome at 3 month or 12 month after stroke. Conclusion Elevated TGI independently predicts death at 3 months and 12 months in patients under 65 with ischemic stroke. Regulating TGI is expected to be an approach to enhance prognosis in young individuals affected by ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruishan Liu
- Center of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lijuan Li
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Shihong Zhang
- Center of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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15
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Faber J, Ballegaard S, Ørsted N, Eldrup E, Karpatschof B, Gyntelberg F, Hecquet SK, Gjedde A. In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, normalization of hemoglobin A1c accompanies reduced sensitivity to pressure at the sternum. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1067098. [PMID: 37389368 PMCID: PMC10303981 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1067098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The autonomic nervous system (ANS) maintains glucose homeostasis. While higher than normal glucose levels stimulate the ANS toward reduction, previous findings suggest an association between sensitivity to, or pain from, pressure at the chest bone (pressure or pain sensitivity, PPS) and activity of the ANS. A recent randomized controlled trial (RCT) of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) suggested that addition of an experimental, non-pharmacological intervention more effectively than conventional treatment lowered the levels of both PPS and HbA1c. Materials and analyses We tested the null hypothesis that conventional treatment (n = 60) would reveal no association between baseline HbA1c and normalization of HbA1c in 6 months, related to change of PPS. We compared the changes of HbA1c in PPS reverters who experienced a minimum reduction of 15 units of PPS and in PPS non-reverters who experienced no reduction. Depending on the result, we tested the association in a second group of participants with addition of the experimental program (n = 52). Results In the conventional group, PPS reverters experienced normalization of HbA1c that corrected the basal increase, thus disproving the null hypothesis. With the addition of the experimental program, PPS reverters experienced similar reduction. The reduction of HbA1c among reverters averaged 0.62 mmol/mol per mmol/mol increase of baseline HbA1c (P < 0.0001 compared to non-reverters). For baseline HbA1c ≥ 64 mmol/mol, reverters averaged 22% reduction of HbA1c (P < 0.01). Conclusion In consecutive analyses of two different populations of individuals with T2DM, we demonstrated that the higher the baseline HbA1c, the greater the reduction of HbA1c but only in individuals with a concomitant reduction of sensitivity to PPS, suggesting a homeostatic effect of the autonomic nervous system on glucose metabolism. As such, ANS function, measured as PPS, is an objective measure of HbA1c homeostasis. This observation may be of great clinical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Faber
- Department of Endocrinology, Herlev-Gentofte University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Ballegaard
- Department of Endocrinology, Herlev-Gentofte University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Nanna Ørsted
- Department of Endocrinology, Herlev-Gentofte University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Ebbe Eldrup
- Department of Endocrinology, Herlev-Gentofte University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Benny Karpatschof
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Finn Gyntelberg
- The National Research Center for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Albert Gjedde
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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16
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Palalıoğlu RM, Erbiyik HI. Assessment of maternal serum SERPINC1, E-selectin, P-selectin, and RBP4 levels in pregnancies with early- and late-onset preeclampsia. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2023; 49:870-882. [PMID: 36604828 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To investigate whether the SERPINC1, E-selectin, P-selectin, and RBP4 levels in first trimester maternal serum was associated with the presence of preeclampsia (PE). METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 26 women with early-onset preeclampsia (EO-PE), 27 women with late-onset preeclampsia (LO-PE), and 27 women with uncomplicated pregnancies. Levels of serum SERPINC1, E-selectin, P-selectin, and RBP4 were measured with the use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. RESULTS E-Selectin levels in patients with EO-PE were higher than those with LO-PE and control patients (pE-L = 0.025; pE-C = 0.000; p < 0.05). There was no significant intergroup difference in terms of P-selectin and RBP4 levels (p > 0.05). SERPINC1 levels were lower in the patients in the with EO-PE group than in those in the LO-PE and the control groups (pE-L = 0.000; pE-C = 0.000; p < 0.05). In the PE group, there was a negative, moderate (41.7%) correlation between E-selectin level and SERPINC1 (p = 0.002; p < 0.05). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that the best cut-off values for E-selectin were 23.14 ng/ml > with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity. The ROC curve showed that the best cut-off values for SERPINC1 were ≤87.76 ng/ml with 98.1% sensitivity and 96.3% specificity. DISCUSSION Of the endothelial damage parameters, E-selectin and SERPINC1 are especially associated with EO-PE. Furthermore, they can be used as potential early diagnosis markers in the prediction of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Merve Palalıoğlu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Health Sciences Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Halil Ibrahim Erbiyik
- Operation Room Services, Uskudar University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Moral Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey
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Moroni-González D, Sarmiento-Ortega VE, Diaz A, Brambila E, Treviño S. Pancreas-Liver-Adipose Axis: Target of Environmental Cadmium Exposure Linked to Metabolic Diseases. TOXICS 2023; 11:223. [PMID: 36976988 PMCID: PMC10059892 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11030223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium has been well recognized as a critical toxic agent in acute and chronic poisoning cases in occupational and nonoccupational settings and environmental exposure situations. Cadmium is released into the environment after natural and anthropogenic activities, particularly in contaminated and industrial areas, causing food pollution. In the body, cadmium has no biological activity, but it accumulates primarily in the liver and kidney, which are considered the main targets of its toxicity, through oxidative stress and inflammation. However, in the last few years, this metal has been linked to metabolic diseases. The pancreas-liver-adipose axis is largely affected by cadmium accumulation. Therefore, this review aims to collect bibliographic information that establishes the basis for understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms linked to cadmium with carbohydrate, lipids, and endocrine impairments that contribute to developing insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, prediabetes, and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Moroni-González
- Laboratory of Chemical-Clinical Investigations, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry Science, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla, Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla 72560, Mexico
| | - Victor Enrique Sarmiento-Ortega
- Laboratory of Chemical-Clinical Investigations, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry Science, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla, Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla 72560, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Diaz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry Science, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla, 22 South. FCQ9, Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla 72560, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Brambila
- Laboratory of Chemical-Clinical Investigations, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry Science, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla, Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla 72560, Mexico
| | - Samuel Treviño
- Laboratory of Chemical-Clinical Investigations, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry Science, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla, Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla 72560, Mexico
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Fuentes E, Venegas B, Muñoz-Arenas G, Moran C, Vazquez-Roque RA, Flores G, Treviño S, Diaz A, Guevara J. High-carbohydrate and fat diet consumption causes metabolic deterioration, neuronal damage, and loss of recognition memory in rats. J Chem Neuroanat 2023; 129:102237. [PMID: 36736441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The number of people diagnosed with metabolic syndrome (MetS) has increased dramatically to reach alarming proportions worldwide. The origin of MetS derives from bad eating habits and sedentary lifestyle. Most people consume foods high in carbohydrates and saturated fat. In recent years, it has been reported that alterations in insulin at the brain level could have an impact on the appearance of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, dementia, depression, and other types of disorders that compromise brain function. These alterations have been associated with damage to the structure and function of neurons located in the reptilian and limbic systems, a decrease in dendritic arborization and an exacerbated inflammatory state that impaired learning and memory and increased in the state of stress and anxiety. Although the molecular mechanisms induced by MetS to cause neurodegeneration are not fully understood. The aim of this study is to know the effect of the intake of hypercaloric diets on the structure and function of neurons located in the frontal cortex, hypothalamus and hippocampus and its impact on behavior in rats with metabolic syndrome. In conclusion, the present study illustrated that chronic exposure to hypercaloric diets, with a high content of sugars and saturated fatty acids, induces a proinflammatory state and exacerbates oxidative stress in brain regions such as the hypothalamus, hippocampus, and frontal cortex, leading to dysfunction. metabolism, neuronal damage, and recognition memory loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Fuentes
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Benemerita Autonomous University of Puebla, Puebla, Pue., Mexico
| | - Berenice Venegas
- Biological Sciences Faculty, Benemerita Autonomous University of Puebla, Puebla, Pue., Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Muñoz-Arenas
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Benemerita Autonomous University of Puebla, Puebla, Pue., Mexico
| | - Carolina Moran
- Institute of Sciences, Benemerita Autonomous University of Puebla, Puebla, Pue., Mexico
| | - Rubén A Vazquez-Roque
- Institute of Physiology, Benemerita Autonomous University of Puebla, Puebla, Pue., Mexico
| | - Gonzalo Flores
- Institute of Physiology, Benemerita Autonomous University of Puebla, Puebla, Pue., Mexico
| | - Samuel Treviño
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Benemerita Autonomous University of Puebla, Puebla, Pue., Mexico
| | - Alfonso Diaz
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Benemerita Autonomous University of Puebla, Puebla, Pue., Mexico
| | - Jorge Guevara
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Effect of Exercise Interventions on Irisin and Interleukin-6 Concentrations and Indicators of Carbohydrate Metabolism in Males with Metabolic Syndrome. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12010369. [PMID: 36615169 PMCID: PMC9820823 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Irisin (IR) is a biomarker that is associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, the available evidence on the association of IR, physical activity, and MetS status are contradictory. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of exercise intervention on IR and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and indicators of carbohydrate metabolism in males with MetS. The study included 62 males with MetS (age 36.6 ± 6.9 years, BMI 33.6 ± 4.4 kg/m2) randomly assigned to: examined group 1 (EG1, n = 21) with aerobic exercise intervention, examined group 2 (EG2, n = 21) with combined aerobic and resistance exercise intervention, both for 12 weeks, and the control group (CG, n = 20) without intervention. Anthropometric measurements, body composition (body fat [BF], fat free mass [FFM]) as well as a biochemical blood analysis (irisin [IR], interleukin-6 [IL-6], insulin [INS] and glucose [GL]) were performed at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks of intervention, and 4 weeks after ending the intervention (follow-up). Intergroup and intragroup comparisons were performed. In EG1, an increase in IR level was observed as well as decreases in IL-6, BF, and GL levels in relation to the initial measurement. In EG2, decreases in IL-6, BF, and INS levels were observed as well as an increase in FFM level. In CG, no changes were found. Aerobic-resistance exercise led to a greater reduction in the concentrations of IL-6 and INS and more favorable changes in body composition (BF and FFM) than the use of aerobic training alone in males with MetS.
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Zhao X, An X, Yang C, Sun W, Ji H, Lian F. The crucial role and mechanism of insulin resistance in metabolic disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1149239. [PMID: 37056675 PMCID: PMC10086443 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1149239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) plays a crucial role in the development and progression of metabolism-related diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, tumors, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and provides the basis for a common understanding of these chronic diseases. In this study, we provide a systematic review of the causes, mechanisms, and treatments of IR. The pathogenesis of IR depends on genetics, obesity, age, disease, and drug effects. Mechanistically, any factor leading to abnormalities in the insulin signaling pathway leads to the development of IR in the host, including insulin receptor abnormalities, disturbances in the internal environment (regarding inflammation, hypoxia, lipotoxicity, and immunity), metabolic function of the liver and organelles, and other abnormalities. The available therapeutic strategies for IR are mainly exercise and dietary habit improvement, and chemotherapy based on biguanides and glucagon-like peptide-1, and traditional Chinese medicine treatments (e.g., herbs and acupuncture) can also be helpful. Based on the current understanding of IR mechanisms, there are still some vacancies to follow up and consider, and there is also a need to define more precise biomarkers for different chronic diseases and lifestyle interventions, and to explore natural or synthetic drugs targeting IR treatment. This could enable the treatment of patients with multiple combined metabolic diseases, with the aim of treating the disease holistically to reduce healthcare expenditures and to improve the quality of life of patients to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hangyu Ji
- *Correspondence: Fengmei Lian, ; Hangyu Ji,
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Li S, Deng X, Zhang Y. The Triglyceride-Glucose Index Is Associated with Longitudinal Cognitive Decline in a Middle-Aged to Elderly Population: A Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11237153. [PMID: 36498726 PMCID: PMC9737091 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11237153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine the effect of the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index on longitudinal cognitive decline in a healthy middle-aged-to-elderly population. METHODS We conducted a population-based longitudinal study. A total of 1774 participants without cognitive impairment were enrolled in the 4-year follow-up. They were divided into four groups according to the quartile of the TyG index. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were performed to examine the association between the TyG index and cognitive decline. Discrimination tests were used to evaluate the incremental predictive value of the TyG index beyond conventional risk factors. RESULTS During the follow-up, compared with those in the bottom quartile group, participants in the top TyG quartile group presented a 51% increase in the risk of cognitive decline (OR 1.51 (95% CI: 1.06-2.14)). As shown by discrimination tests, adding the TyG index into the conventional model resulted in a slight improvement in predicting the risk of cognitive decline (NRI 16.00% (p = 0.004)). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that increasing values of the TyG index were positively associated with the risk of cognitive decline. Monitoring the TyG index may help in the early identification of individuals at high risk of cognitive deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Xuan Deng
- Clinical Research Institute, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-59975531
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Kim KS, Hong S, Hwang YC, Ahn HY, Park CY. Evaluating Triglyceride and Glucose Index as a Simple and Easy-to-Calculate Marker for All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality. J Gen Intern Med 2022; 37:4153-4159. [PMID: 35676587 PMCID: PMC9708968 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-022-07681-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The triglyceride and glucose (TyG) index is a useful marker of insulin resistance and is a predictor of several metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the TyG index and all-cause or cardiovascular mortality using a large population-based cohort study database. METHODS A total of 255,508 subjects in the Kangbuk Samsung Health Study cohort were enrolled. Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze the risk of mortality. RESULTS During a median 5.7-year follow-up, the cumulative all-cause and cardiovascular mortality was 0.47% and 0.07%. There was a nonlinear relationship between the TyG index and death, and moving from moderate to high, the TyG index levels were associated with an increase in the risk of death. The hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality of the TyG index was 1.21 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14-1.28] and 1.45 (95% CI 1.26-1.66) in the unadjusted model, respectively. After adjustment for covariates, the association between the TyG index and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality was attenuated. In the multivariable-adjusted model, the TyG index was associated with an elevated risk of all-cause mortality in women (HR 1.13, 95% CI 1.02-1.26) and a decreased risk in men (HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.85-0.99). The association between cardiovascular mortality and the TyG index was not statistically significant among either men or women in the multivariable-adjusted model. CONCLUSIONS The TyG index in a young, relatively healthy, population is associated with an elevated risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. This association between the TyG index and all-cause mortality persists in women after multivariable adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmo Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Cheol Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Yup Ahn
- Department of Statistics, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Young Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29 Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03181, Republic of Korea.
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Lei L, Liang H, Qu Y, Zhong Q, Zhang Q, Dai L, Lu J, Xiao M, Zhao Z, Zhou F, Li Y, Hu G, Xiu J, Zhang X. Association between triglyceride-glucose index and worsening renal function in the elderly. Front Nutr 2022; 9:951564. [PMID: 36505264 PMCID: PMC9730025 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.951564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a simple marker of insulin resistance. However, insufficient data is available on whether the TyG index is associated with worsening renal function (WRF) in the elderly. Therefore, this study was designed to explore the association between the TyG index and WRF based on a community elderly cohort. Methods In this study, 7,822 elderly (aged ≥ 65 years) adults from southern China were enrolled and divided into four groups according to the TyG index quartiles. The primary endpoint was incident chronic kidney disease (CKD), defined as incident estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Additional endpoints included a decline in eGFR of 30% and 40% during the follow-up period. Results During the median 2.04 year follow-up period, 1,541 (19.7%) participants developed CKD. After adjusting for confounding factors, multivariable Cox regression models revealed significant associations between TyG index and incident CKD (HR per SD increase, 1.21; 95% CI: 1.14-1.29), a decline in eGFR of 30% (HR per SD increase, 1.38; 95% CI: 1.26-1.50), and decline in eGFR of 40% (HR per SD increase, 1.42; 95% CI: 1.24-1.63). Furthermore, compared with those in Q1, participants in Q4 demonstrated a higher risk of developing CKD (HR, 1.59; 95% CI: 1.35-1.88). These positive associations remained consistent across different subgroup populations. Conclusion Our study suggests a positive and independent association between the TyG index and WRF in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lei
- Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongbin Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yali Qu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianhong Zhong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth People's Hospital of Foshan (Tuberculosis Control Center of Foshan), Foshan, China
| | - Qiuxia Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital Zengcheng Branch, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyan Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital Zengcheng Branch, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital Zengcheng Branch, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhimeng Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth People's Hospital of Foshan (Tuberculosis Control Center of Foshan), Foshan, China
| | - Fengyun Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Public Health Management, Zengcheng Xintang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guifang Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Guifang Hu
| | - Jiancheng Xiu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital Zengcheng Branch, Guangzhou, China,Jiancheng Xiu
| | - Xinlu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Xinlu Zhang
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Moabelo KL, Lerga TM, Jauset-Rubio M, Sibuyi NRS, O’Sullivan CK, Meyer M, Madiehe AM. A Label-Free Gold Nanoparticles-Based Optical Aptasensor for the Detection of Retinol Binding Protein 4. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12121061. [PMID: 36551028 PMCID: PMC9775657 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) has been implicated in insulin resistance in rodents and humans with obesity and T2DM, making it a potential biomarker for the early diagnosis of T2DM. However, diagnostic tools for low-level detection of RBP4 are still lagging behind. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of T2DM diagnostics that are rapid, cost-effective and that can be used at the point-of-care (POC). Recently, nano-enabled biosensors integrating highly selective optical detection techniques and specificity of aptamers have been widely developed for the rapid detection of various targets. This study reports on the development of a rapid gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)-based aptasensor for the detection of RBP4. The retinol-binding protein aptamer (RBP-A) is adsorbed on the surface of the AuNPs through van der Waals and hydrophobic interactions, stabilizing the AuNPs against sodium chloride (NaCl)-induced aggregation. Upon the addition of RBP4, the RBP-A binds to RBP4 and detaches from the surface of the AuNPs, leaving the AuNPs unprotected. Addition of NaCl causes aggregation of AuNPs, leading to a visible colour change of the AuNPs solution from ruby red to purple/blue. The test result was available within 5 min and the assay had a limit of detection of 90.76 ± 2.81 nM. This study demonstrates the successful development of a simple yet effective, specific, and colorimetric rapid assay for RBP4 detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koena L. Moabelo
- Nanobiotechnology Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, University of Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa
- Department of Science and Innovation (DSI)/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Biolabels Research Node, Department of Biotechnology, University of Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Teresa M. Lerga
- Interfibio Research Group, Departament d’Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Miriam Jauset-Rubio
- Interfibio Research Group, Departament d’Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Nicole R. S. Sibuyi
- Department of Science and Innovation (DSI)/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Biolabels Research Node, Department of Biotechnology, University of Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Ciara K. O’Sullivan
- Interfibio Research Group, Departament d’Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Mervin Meyer
- Department of Science and Innovation (DSI)/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Biolabels Research Node, Department of Biotechnology, University of Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Abram M. Madiehe
- Nanobiotechnology Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, University of Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa
- Department of Science and Innovation (DSI)/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Biolabels Research Node, Department of Biotechnology, University of Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa
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Mulberry-Derived 1-Deoxynojirimycin Prevents Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Progression via Modulation of Retinol-Binding Protein 4 and Haptoglobin. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214538. [PMID: 36364802 PMCID: PMC9658717 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-diabetic or early-stage type 2 diabetes patients may develop an adverse diabetic progression, leading to several complications and increasing hospitalization rates. Mulberry leaves, which contain 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), have been used as a complementary medicine for diabetes prevention and treatment. Our recent study demonstrated that mulberry leaf powder with 12 mg of DNJ improves postprandial hyperglycemia, fasting plasma glucose, and glycated hemoglobin. However, the detailed mechanisms are still unknown. This study investigates the effect of long-term (12-week) supplementation of mulberry leaves in obese people with prediabetes and patients with early-stage type 2 diabetes. Participants’ blood was collected before and after supplementation. The protein profile of the plasma was examined by proteomics. In addition, the mitochondrial function was evaluated by energetic and homeostatic markers using immunoelectron microscopy. The proteomics results showed that, from a total of 1291 proteins, 32 proteins were related to diabetes pathogenesis. Retinol-binding protein 4 and haptoglobin protein were downregulated, which are associated with insulin resistance and inflammation, respectively. For mitochondrial function, the haloacid dehalogenase-like hydrolase domain-containing protein 3 (HDHD-3) and dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp-1) displayed a significant increment in the after treatment group. In summary, administration of mulberry leaf powder extract in prediabetes and the early stage of diabetes can alleviate insulin resistance and inflammation and promote mitochondrial function in terms of energy production and fission.
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Sarmiento-Ortega VE, Moroni-González D, Díaz A, Eduardo B, Samuel T. Oral Subacute Exposure to Cadmium LOAEL Dose Induces Insulin Resistance and Impairment of the Hormonal and Metabolic Liver-Adipose Axis in Wistar Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:4370-4384. [PMID: 34846673 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-03027-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is a nonessential transition metal considered one of the more hazardous environmental contaminants. The population is chronically exposed to this metal at low concentrations, designated as the LOAEL (lowest observable adverse effect level) dose. We aimed to investigate whether oral subacute exposure to cadmium LOAEL disrupts hormonal and metabolic effects of the liver-adipose axis in Wistar rats. Fifty male Wistar rats were separated into two groups: control (standard normocalorie diet + water free of cadmium) and cadmium (standard normocalorie diet + drinking water with 32.5 ppm CdCl2). After 1 month, zoometry, a serum lipid panel, adipokines, and proinflammatory cytokines were evaluated. Tests of glucose and insulin tolerance (ITT) and insulin resistance were performed. Histological studies on structure, triglyceride distribution, and protein expression of the insulin pathway were performed in the liver and retroperitoneal adipose tissue. In both tissues, the cadmium, triglyceride, glycogen, and proinflammatory cytokine contents were also quantified. The cadmium group developed dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, hyperleptinemia, inflammation, and selective insulin resistance in the liver and adipose tissue. In the liver, glycogen synthesis was diminished, while de novo lipogenesis increased, which was associated with low GSK3β-pS9 and strong expression of SREBP-1c. Dysfunctional adipose tissue was observed with hypertrophy and lipolysis, without changes in SREBP-1c expression and low glycogen synthesis. Both tissues accumulated cadmium and developed inflammation. In conclusion, oral subacute cadmium LOAEL dose exposure induces inflammation, insulin signaling modifications, an early insulin resistance stage (insensibility), and impairment of the hormonal and metabolic liver-adipose axis in Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Enrique Sarmiento-Ortega
- Laboratory of Chemical-Clinical Investigations, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry Science, Autonomous University of Puebla, 14 South, FCQ1, University City, C.P.72560, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Diana Moroni-González
- Laboratory of Chemical-Clinical Investigations, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry Science, Autonomous University of Puebla, 14 South, FCQ1, University City, C.P.72560, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Díaz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry Science, Autonomous University of Puebla, 22 South, FC91, University City, C.P. 72560, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Brambila Eduardo
- Laboratory of Chemical-Clinical Investigations, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry Science, Autonomous University of Puebla, 14 South, FCQ1, University City, C.P.72560, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Treviño Samuel
- Laboratory of Chemical-Clinical Investigations, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry Science, Autonomous University of Puebla, 14 South, FCQ1, University City, C.P.72560, Puebla, Mexico.
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Liu Y, Chen Q, Li Y, Bi L, He Z, Shao C, Jin L, Peng R, Zhang X. Advances in FGFs for diabetes care applications. Life Sci 2022; 310:121015. [PMID: 36179818 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an endocrine and metabolic disease caused by a variety of pathogenic factors, including genetic factors, environmental factors and behavior. In recent decades, the number of cases and the prevalence of diabetes have steadily increased, and it has become one of the most threatening diseases to human health in the world. Currently, insulin is the most effective and direct way to control hyperglycemia for diabetes treatment at a low cost. However, hypoglycemia is often a common complication of insulin treatment. Moreover, with the extension of treatment time, insulin resistance, considered the typical adverse symptom, can appear. Therefore, it is urgent to develop new targets and more effective and safer drugs for diabetes treatment to avoid adverse reactions and the insulin tolerance of traditional hypoglycemic drugs. SCOPE OF REVIEW In recent years, it has been found that some fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), including FGF1, FGF19 and FGF21, can safely and effectively reduce hyperglycemia and have the potential to be developed as new drugs for the treatment of diabetes. FGF23 is also closely related to diabetes and its complications, which provides a new approach for regulating blood glucose and solving the problem of insulin tolerance. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS This article reviews the research progress on the physiology and pharmacology of fibroblast growth factor in the treatment of diabetes. We focus on the application of FGFs in diabetes care and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinai Liu
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedicine Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Qianqian Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedicine Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yaoqi Li
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedicine Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Liuliu Bi
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedicine Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Zhiying He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Chuxiao Shao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Lishui Central Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Libo Jin
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedicine Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Renyi Peng
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedicine Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Xingxing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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Arjmand B, Ebrahimi Fana S, Ghasemi E, Kazemi A, Ghodssi-Ghassemabadi R, Dehghanbanadaki H, Najjar N, Kakaii A, Forouzanfar K, Nasli-Esfahani E, Farzadfar F, Larijani B, Razi F. Metabolic signatures of insulin resistance in non-diabetic individuals. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:212. [PMID: 36002887 PMCID: PMC9404631 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01130-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance (IR) evolved from excessive energy intake and poor energy expenditure, affecting the patient's quality of life. Amino acid and acylcarnitine metabolomic profiles have identified consistent patterns associated with metabolic disease and insulin sensitivity. Here, we have measured a wide array of metabolites (30 acylcarnitines and 20 amino acids) with the MS/MS and investigated the association of metabolic profile with insulin resistance. METHODS The study population (n = 403) was randomly chosen from non-diabetic participants of the Surveillance of Risk Factors of NCDs in Iran Study (STEPS 2016). STEPS 2016 is a population-based cross-sectional study conducted periodically on adults aged 18-75 years in 30 provinces of Iran. Participants were divided into two groups according to the optimal cut-off point determined by the Youden index of HOMA-IR for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. Associations were investigated using regression models adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). RESULTS People with high IR were significantly younger, and had higher education level, BMI, waist circumference, FPG, HbA1c, ALT, triglyceride, cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, uric acid, and a lower HDL-C level. We observed a strong positive association of serum BCAA (valine and leucine), AAA (tyrosine, tryptophan, and phenylalanine), alanine, and C0 (free carnitine) with IR (HOMA-IR); while C18:1 (oleoyl L-carnitine) was inversely correlated with IR. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, we identified specific metabolites linked to HOMA-IR that improved IR prediction. In summary, our study adds more evidence that a particular metabolomic profile perturbation is associated with metabolic disease and reemphasizes the significance of understanding the biochemistry and physiology which lead to these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran, Iran
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Ebrahimi Fana
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Erfan Ghasemi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ameneh Kazemi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hojat Dehghanbanadaki
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloufar Najjar
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ardeshir Kakaii
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular -Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Katayoon Forouzanfar
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ensieh Nasli-Esfahani
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Farzadfar
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Razi
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Qi JY, Yang LK, Wang XS, Wang M, Li XB, Feng B, Wu YM, Liu SB, Zhang K. Mechanism of CNS regulation by irisin, a multifunctional protein. Brain Res Bull 2022; 188:11-20. [PMID: 35850187 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Exercise not only builds up our body but also improves cognitive function. Skeletal muscle secretes myokine during exercise as a large reservoir of signaling molecules, which can be considered as a medium between exercise and brain health. Irisin is a circulating myokine derived from the Fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5). Irisin regulates energy metabolism because it can stimulate the "Browning" of white adipose tissue. It has been reported that irisin can cross the blood-brain barrier and increase the expression of a brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus, which improves learning and memory. In addition, the neuroprotective effect of irisin has been verified in various disease models. Therefore, this review summarizes how irisin plays a neuroprotective role, including its signal pathway and mechanism. In addition, we will briefly discuss the therapeutic potential of irisin for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yu Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Liu-Kun Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xin-Shang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xu-Bo Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Ban Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yu-Mei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Shui-Bing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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Reichert E, Mosiewicz J, Myśliński W, Jaroszyński A, Stanek A, Brożyna-Tkaczyk K, Madejska-Mosiewicz B. Level of Serum Fetuin-A Correlates with Heart Rate in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients without Metabolic and Cardiovascular Comorbidities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116422. [PMID: 35682006 PMCID: PMC9180227 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common type of sleep-induced breathing disorder in the adult population and significantly affects the condition of the cardiovascular system. Fetuin-A (Fet-A) is a hepato- and adipokine, which prevents vessel calcification, and its level correlates with atherogenesis and metabolic disorders. The associations of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) both with OSA, which increases CVD risk, and Fet-A, which prevents CVD, justify the question of their mutual interactions in patients with OSA. Therefore, we sought to analyze Fet-A as an early biomarker of CVD risk in OSA patients without metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidities except for properly controlled arterial hypertension. We have found that in these patients, OSA does not appear to directly affect Fet-A levels. However, high Fet-A levels were more common in the group of patients with OSA, and the hypopnea index was significantly higher among subjects with the highest Fet-A levels. The level of Fet-A in OSA patients positively correlates with pulse rate, and it does not correlate with pulse pressure in this group unlike in the control group, where such a relationship exists. To our best knowledge, this is the first study to analyze this relationship in OSA patients without any significant cardiovascular comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Reichert
- Individual Specialist Medical Practice, Włostowicka 293 C St., 24-100 Puławy, Poland;
| | - Jerzy Mosiewicz
- Department of Internal Diseases, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 16 St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (J.M.); (W.M.)
| | - Wojciech Myśliński
- Department of Internal Diseases, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 16 St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (J.M.); (W.M.)
| | - Andrzej Jaroszyński
- Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, 23-517 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Agata Stanek
- Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Batorego 15 St., 41-902 Bytom, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Klaudia Brożyna-Tkaczyk
- Department of Internal Diseases, 1st Public University Hospital No. 1 in Lublin, Staszica 16 St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (K.B.-T.); (B.M.-M.)
| | - Barbara Madejska-Mosiewicz
- Department of Internal Diseases, 1st Public University Hospital No. 1 in Lublin, Staszica 16 St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (K.B.-T.); (B.M.-M.)
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Hosseinkhani S, Arjmand B, Dilmaghani-Marand A, Mohammadi Fateh S, Dehghanbanadaki H, Najjar N, Alavi-Moghadam S, Ghodssi-Ghassemabadi R, Nasli-Esfahani E, Farzadfar F, Larijani B, Razi F. Targeted metabolomics analysis of amino acids and acylcarnitines as risk markers for diabetes by LC-MS/MS technique. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8418. [PMID: 35589736 PMCID: PMC9119932 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11970-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a common chronic disease affecting millions of people worldwide. It underlies various complications and imposes many costs on individuals and society. Discovering early diagnostic biomarkers takes excellent insight into preventive plans and the best use of interventions. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to evaluate the association between the level of amino acids and acylcarnitines and diabetes to develop diabetes predictive models. Using the targeted LC-MS/MS technique, we analyzed fasting plasma samples of 206 cases and 206 controls that were matched by age, sex, and BMI. The association between metabolites and diabetes was evaluated using univariate and multivariate regression analysis with adjustment for systolic and diastolic blood pressure and lipid profile. To deal with multiple comparisons, factor analysis was used. Participants' average age and BMI were 61.6 years, 28.9 kg/m2, and 55% were female. After adjustment, Factor 3 (tyrosine, valine, leucine, methionine, tryptophan, phenylalanine), 5 (C3DC, C5, C5OH, C5:1), 6 (C14OH, C16OH, C18OH, C18:1OH), 8 (C2, C4OH, C8:1), 10 (alanine, proline) and 11 (glutamic acid, C18:2OH) were positively associated with diabetes. Inline, factor 9 (C4DC, serine, glycine, threonine) and 12 (citrulline, ornithine) showed a reverse trend. Some amino acids and acylcarnitines were found as potential risk markers for diabetes incidents that reflected the disturbances in the several metabolic pathways among the diabetic population and could be targeted to prevent, diagnose, and treat diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Hosseinkhani
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezou Dilmaghani-Marand
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Mohammadi Fateh
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hojat Dehghanbanadaki
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloufar Najjar
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Alavi-Moghadam
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ensieh Nasli-Esfahani
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Farzadfar
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Razi
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Ling Y, Fu C, Fan Q, Liu J, Jiang L, Tang S. Triglyceride-Glucose Index and New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:838761. [PMID: 35345486 PMCID: PMC8957253 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.838761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background New-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) is associated with worse prognostic outcomes in cases diagnosed with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, as a credible and convenient marker of insulin resistance, has been shown to be predictive of outcomes for STEMI patients following revascularization. The association between TyG index and NOAF among STEMI patients following PCI, however, has not been established to date. Objective To assess the utility of the TyG index as a predictor of NOAF incidence in STEMI patients following PCI, and to assess the relationship between NOAF and long-term all-cause mortality. Methods This retrospective cohort research enrolled 549 STEMI patients that had undergone PCI, with these patients being clustered into the NOAF group and sinus rhythm (SR) group. The predictive relevance of TyG index was evaluated through logistic regression analyses and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Kaplan-Meier curve was employed to explore differences in the long-term all-cause mortality between the NOAF and SR group. Results NOAF occurred in 7.7% of the enrolled STEMI patients after PCI. After multivariate logistic regression analysis, the TyG index was found to be an independent predictor of NOAF [odds ratio (OR): 8.884, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.570–50.265, P = 0.014], with ROC curve analyses further supporting the predictive value of this parameter, which exhibited an area under ROC curve of 0.758 (95% CI: 0.720–0.793, P < 0.001). All-cause mortality rates were greater for patients in the NOAF group in comparison with the SR group over a median 35-month follow-up period (log-rank P = 0.002). Conclusions The TyG index exhibits values as an independent predictor of NOAF during hospitalization, which indicated a poorer prognosis after a relatively long-term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ling
- Department of Cardiology, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Cong Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Qun Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Jichun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Shengxing Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
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Review of Novel Potential Insulin Resistance Biomarkers in PCOS Patients—The Debate Is Still Open. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19042099. [PMID: 35206286 PMCID: PMC8871992 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Research on proteins and peptides that play roles in metabolic regulation, which may be considered potential insulin resistance markers in some medical conditions, such as diabetes mellitus, obesity and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), has recently gained in interest. PCOS is a common endocrine disorder associated with hyperandrogenemia and failure of ovulation, which is often accompanied by metabolic abnormalities, including obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance. In this review, we focus on less commonly known peptides/proteins and investigate their role as potential biomarkers for insulin resistance in females affected by PCOS. We summarize studies comparing the serum fasting concentration of particular agents in PCOS individuals and healthy controls. Based on our analysis, we propose that, in the majority of studies, the levels of nesfastin-1, myonectin, omentin, neudesin were decreased in PCOS patients, while the levels of the other considered agents (e.g., preptin, gremlin-1, neuregulin-4, xenopsin-related peptide, xenin-25, and galectin-3) were increased. However, there also exist studies presenting contrary results; in particular, most data existing for lipocalin-2 are inconsistent. Therefore, further research is required to confirm those hypotheses, as well as to elucidate the involvement of these factors in PCOS-related metabolic complications.
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Mahendra J, Bains V, Mahendra L, Mittal M, Valli G. Markers, pathways, and current evidence for periodontitis-associated insulin resistance: A narrative review. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2022; 12:475-487. [DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_92_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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McGraw MB, Kohler LN, Shaibi GQ, Mandarino LJ, Coletta DK. A performance review of novel adiposity indices for assessing insulin resistance in a pediatric Latino population. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:1020901. [PMID: 36275055 PMCID: PMC9582658 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1020901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Body mass index (BMI) percentile or BMI adjusted for age and sex is the most common anthropometric index to monitor and assess obesity in children. However, the ability of BMI to accurately predict insulin resistance (IR) in youth is debated. Determining the best method to noninvasively measure IR in the pediatric population is especially important due to the growing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is more likely to develop in people with IR. Therefore, this study analyzed the performance of BMI against newer anthropometric indices in assessing IR in a pediatric Latino identifying sample. METHODS We studied 127 pediatric Latino participants from the Arizona Insulin Resistance (AIR) registry and performed linear regression analyses between various measures of IR and adiposity indices, including body mass index (BMI), triponderal mass index (TMI), body adiposity index (BAI), pediatric body adiposity index (pBAI), a body shape index (ABSI), abdominal volume index (AVI), waist to height ratio (WtHR) and waist to hip ratio (WHR). Log transformations of each index adjusted for age and sex and IR were used for the linear regressions. Additionally, we generated receiver operating characteristics (ROC) from logistic regressions between HOMA-IR and HOMA2IR against the same indices. RESULTS Using the homeostatic assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), HOMA2IR, the quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI), fasting serum insulin, and FPG/FSI to measure IR, we showed that BMI adjusted for age and sex performs similarly to many of the newer indices in our sample. The correlation coefficients for pBAI [R2: 0.27, 95% confidence interval: 0.88-1.81, p < 0.001] and BMI [R2: 0.27, 95% confidence interval: 0.92-1.92, p < 0.001] were the highest for HOMA-IR. Similarly, pBAI [R2: 0.29, 95% confidence interval: 0.88-1.72, p < 0.001] and BMI [R2: 0.29, 95% confidence interval: 0.93-1.83, p < 0.001] were the highest for HOMA2IR. A similar trend was observed with QUICKI, FSI, and FPG/FSI. ABSI had the lowest R 2 value for all measures of IR. Area under the curve (AUC) values for the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) for HOMA-IR and HOMA2IR support these conclusions. CONCLUSIONS BMI adjusted for age and sex, despite its usage and simplicity, still stacks up well against newer indices in our Latino sample. Testing these indices across larger samples is necessary to generalize these findings and translate performance to adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mac B McGraw
- Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Lindsay N Kohler
- Center for Disparities in Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Exos, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Gabriel Q Shaibi
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Lawrence J Mandarino
- Center for Disparities in Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Dawn K Coletta
- Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Center for Disparities in Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, United States
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Liu X, Chu H, Ji Y, Bosnjak Z, Ao H, Li T. Which BMI for Diabetes Patients is Better? From the View of the Adipose Tissue Macrophage-Derived Exosome. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:141-153. [PMID: 35046685 PMCID: PMC8763208 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s345890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Diabetes, as a group of metabolic diseases, can elevate blood glucose, thus leading to the development of life-threatening complications. It is difficult to define the outcome for diabetics with different BMI. This review will illustrate the adipose tissue macrophage-derived exosome in the diabetics with different BMI. PATIENTS AND METHODS Insulin resistance in peripheral tissues can cause diabetes. The peripheral tissues include liver, muscle, or the adipose depots. Communication between these organs is fatal to the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. This review will illustrate this communication. Obesity is closely linked with diabetes. There are different changes in fat distribution in diabetic patients. Adipose tissue macrophages can secrete various hormones, including adiponectin, leptin, resistin and other classical cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-6. Studies illustrated that exosomes from the adipose tissue, can modulate inter-organ cross-talk by regulating gene expression in other tissues. RESULTS Adipose tissue macrophages exosomes links thin and fat individuals in the development of diabetes. CONCLUSION The molecular pathways initiated by exosomes such as miRNA in the situations of metabolic stress could help us gain a deeper knowledge of the pathophysiology of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haichen Chu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuzhi Ji
- Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zeljko Bosnjak
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Hushan Ao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Hushan Ao Department of Anesthesiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaTel/Fax +86-10-68006210 Email
| | - Tianjun Li
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjun Li Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59 Haier Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of ChinaTel/Fax +86-10-82913035 Email
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Barchetta I, Dule S, Bertoccini L, Cimini FA, Sentinelli F, Bailetti D, Marini G, Barbonetti A, Loche S, Cossu E, Cavallo MG, Baroni MG. The single-point insulin sensitivity estimator (SPISE) index is a strong predictor of abnormal glucose metabolism in overweight/obese children: a long-term follow-up study. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:43-51. [PMID: 34142364 PMCID: PMC8741725 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01612-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between the single-point insulin sensitivity estimator (SPISE) index, an insulin sensitivity indicator validated in adolescents and adults, and metabolic profile in overweight/obese children, and to evaluate whether basal SPISE is predictive of impaired glucose regulation (IGR) development later in life. METHODS The SPISE index (= 600 × HDL0.185/Triglycerides0.2 × BMI1.338) was calculated in 909 overweight/obese children undergoing metabolic evaluations at University of Cagliari, Italy, and in 99 normal-weight, age-, sex-comparable children, selected as a reference group, together with other insulin-derived indicators of insulin sensitivity/resistance. 200 overweight/obese children were followed-up for 6.5 [3.5-10] years, data were used for longitudinal retrospective investigations. RESULTS At baseline, 96/909 (11%) overweight/obese children had IGR; in this subgroup, SPISE was significantly lower than in normo-glycaemic youths (6.3 ± 1.7 vs. 7 ± 1.6, p < 0.001). The SPISE index correlated positively with the insulin sensitivity index (ISI) and the disposition index (DI), negatively with age, blood pressure, HOMA-IR, basal and 120 min blood glucose and insulin (all p values < 0.001). A correlation between SPISE, HOMA-IR and ISI was also reported in normal-weight children. At the 6.5-year follow-up, lower basal SPISE-but not ISI or HOMA-IR-was an independent predictor of IGR development (OR = 3.89(1.65-9.13), p = 0.002; AUROC: 0.82(0.72-0.92), p < 0.001). CONCLUSION In children, low SPISE index is significantly associated with metabolic abnormalities and predicts the development of IGR in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Barchetta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - S Dule
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - L Bertoccini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - F A Cimini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - F Sentinelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - D Bailetti
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences (MeSVA), University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - G Marini
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - A Barbonetti
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences (MeSVA), University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - S Loche
- Pediatric Endocrine Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Microcitemico "A. Cao", Cagliari, Italy
| | - E Cossu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - M G Cavallo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - M G Baroni
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences (MeSVA), University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
- Neuroendocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
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Hu L, Zhang Q, Bai Y, Hu G, Li J. Triglyceride-Glucose Index Correlate With Telomere Length in Healthy Adults From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:844073. [PMID: 35721750 PMCID: PMC9201959 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.844073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The present investigation was designed to test the association between leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and two simple markers of insulin resistance, that is, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index in U.S. adults without metabolic diseases. METHODS A total of 6489 U.S. adults without diabetes from NHANES 1999-2002 were analyzed. TyG index was calculated as ln [fasting triglycerides (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2]. HOMA-Index was calculated as fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) × fasting serum insulin (mU/mL)/22.5. LTL was obtained using the quantitative polymerase chain reaction method. Multivariate linear regression analysis was assessed to evaluate the association of TyG index HOMA-IR with LTL. We further conducted a generalized additive model (GAM) and a fitted smoothing curve with penalized spline method. RESULTS It was found that the mean LTL was 5796.1 bp in the measured healthy adults. Overall, TyG index was significantly associated with LTL, while HOMA-IR was not. Compared with participants in tertile 1 of the TyG index, the β (95% CI) for those in the second (8.27 to 8.77) and third (≥ 8.77) were -4.31 (95% CI: -48.12~39.49) and -95.98 (95% CI: -145.08~-46.89), respectively. Subjects with TyG index ≥ 8.77 had statistically significant shorter LTL (β = -93.33, 95%CI: -134.33~-52.32), compared with TyG index < 8.77. We further explored a dose-response relation between TyG index by a decile approach [≤ 7.81 (reference), 7.81-8.04, 8.04-8.21, 8.21-8.37, 8.37-8.52, 8.52-8.68, 8.68-8.83, 8.83-9.03, 9.03-9.33, and >9.33] and LTL. Five subgroups (TyG index 7.81-8.04, 8.04-8.21, 8.21-8.37, 8.37-8.52, and 8.52-8.68) did not show significant effect on LTL; while there was a significantly shorter LTL for participants with the TyG index > 8.68, supporting a threshold effect of TyG index on LTL. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that higher TyG index (> 8.68) was closely related to shorter LTL and the TyG index was better associated with LTL than HOMA-IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaojian Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Bai
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Guiping Hu
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, and Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Guiping Hu, ; Jianping Li,
| | - Jianping Li
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Guiping Hu, ; Jianping Li,
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Endukuru CK, Gaur GS, Yerrabelli D, Sahoo J, Vairappan B. Response: Cut-off Values and Clinical Utility of Surrogate Markers for Insulin Resistance and Beta-Cell Function to Identify Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components among Southern Indian Adults (J Obes Metab Syndr 2020;29:281-91). J Obes Metab Syndr 2021; 30:405-407. [PMID: 34937808 PMCID: PMC8735825 DOI: 10.7570/jomes21093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjeevi Kumar Endukuru
- Department of Physiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Girwar Singh Gaur
- Department of Physiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Dhanalakshmi Yerrabelli
- Department of Physiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Jayaprakash Sahoo
- Department of Endocrinology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Balasubramaniyan Vairappan
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
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Lee SY. Letter: Cut-off Values and Clinical Utility of Surrogate Markers for Insulin Resistance and Beta-Cell Function to Identify Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components among Southern Indian Adults (J Obes Metab Syndr 2020;29:281-91). J Obes Metab Syndr 2021; 30:403-404. [PMID: 34875629 PMCID: PMC8735827 DOI: 10.7570/jomes21065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Yeoup Lee
- Integrated Research Institute for Natural Ingredients and Functional Foods, Yangsan, Korea.,Department of Family Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea.,Department of Medical Education, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
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Chen J, Yang X, Huang L, Zhang Z, Yao J, Liang H, Zhou W. Insulin resistance biomarkers in small-for-gestational-age infants born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2021; 35:9061-9065. [PMID: 34913819 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2021.2014449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early alterations in glucose homeostasis increase the risk of developing insulin resistance (IR) and obesity later in life. The study aimed to ascertain the peripheral blood levels of hormones that controlling glucose homeostasis and inflammatory factors that are correlated with IR and fetal outcomes in small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS This cohort study included a total of 90 SGA infants born to mothers with GDM (n = 37) and without GDM (n = 53). At birth, blood levels of glucose, insulin, C-peptide, growth hormone (GH), IGFBP3, lipid profiles, fibrinogen, and hypersensitive C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) were measured; homeostatic model assessment-IR (HOMA-IR) and ponderal index were calculated. All newborns were followed up to the first year of life. RESULTS Compared with SGA infants born to mothers without GDM, the levels of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), GH, and fibrinogen were significantly higher in the SGA infants born to mothers with GDM (p = .048, .045, and .04, respectively). However, total cholesterol, HDL-C, and apolipoprotein(a) levels were significantly lower in the SGA infants born to mothers with GDM when compared with those in with SGA infants born to mothers without GDM (all p < .05). Weight gain in the first year was higher in the SGA infants born to mothers with GDM group than SGA infants born to mothers without GDM [6644 g (5991-7572) vs. 6032 g (5529-6932)]. CONCLUSIONS Altered biomarkers of IR were observed among SGA infants born to mothers with GDM, suggesting that these infants were more prone to develop IR after birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncao Chen
- Department of Neonatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaoqi Yang
- Department of Neonatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Longguang Huang
- Department of Neonatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jie Yao
- Department of Neonatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Huiying Liang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Neonatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
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Discovery of phenylpyrrolidine derivatives as a novel class of retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) reducers. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 54:116553. [PMID: 34953340 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a potential drug target for metabolic and ophthalmologic diseases. A high-throughput screening of our compound library has identified a small-molecule RBP4 reducer 7a, as a hit compound. Aiming to provide a suitable tool for investigating the pharmacological effects of RBP4 reducers, we conducted a structure-activity relationship study of 7a. Exploration of the aryl head, oxazole core, and propanoic acid tail of 7a resulted in the discovery of novel, potent, and orally available phenylpyrrolidine derivatives 43b and 43c. Compound 43b had a potent and long-lasting blood RBP4-level-reducing effect when orally administered to mice at a dose as low as 0.3 mg/kg.
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Fetuin-A as a Marker of Insulin Resistance. SERBIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/sjecr-2021-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Fetuin–A is a glycoprotein which helps in the regulation of metabolism. It is an early marker of insulin resistance (IR). The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of Fetuin–A as a predictive biomarker in cases of newly detected type 2 diabetes (NDD). The study involved 60 NDD and 60 Normal Healthy Controls (NHC). All the demographics and anthropological characteristics were noted. Fasting blood samples were drawn and various biochemical parameters were analyzed. The homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) score was calculated. Chisquare, student T-test and Mann Whitney U tests were employed to associate and compare the mean and median between the NDD and NHC groups. Pearson's and Spearman’s correlation analysis were employed to examine the relationship of Fetuin–A levels with parametric and nonparametric variables. The independent predictors of Fetuin–A was determined by employing multiple forward linear regression. Fetuin–A was significantly high in NDD compared to NHC (1323 vs. 306.98 mcg/mL; p<0.001). Majority of NDD patients demonstrated IR based on the HOMA-IR (88.33% vs. 66.67%) and QUICKI score (96.67% vs. 85%). The multiple linear regression analysis showed that systolic blood pressure, age and QUICKI score were independently associated with Fetuin–A (p value <0.01). Fetuin–A may be used as a biomarker to detect NDD. Therefore, early detection of Fetuin–A levels in NDD gives an opportunity for suitable patient management.
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Ragno VM, Klein CD, Sereda NS, Uehlinger FD, Zello GA, Robinson KA, Montgomery JB. Morphometric, metabolic, and inflammatory markers across a cohort of client-owned horses and ponies on the insulin dysregulation spectrum. J Equine Vet Sci 2021; 105:103715. [PMID: 34607688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In human metabolic syndrome and type II diabetes, methylglyoxal (MG), D-lactate, and several cytokines have been recognized as biomarkers of important metabolic and inflammatory processes. Equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) shares many similarities with these human counterparts. The objectives of this cross-sectional study were to compare body condition score (BCS), cresty neck score (CNS), resting insulin, MG, D-lactate, L-lactate, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) between horses with and without insulin dysregulation, as classified via combined glucose and insulin test (CGIT). 32 client-owned horses were included. History and morphometric data such as BCS and CNS were recorded. Subjects with abnormalities on physical examination or CBC, elevated ACTH or incomplete information were excluded. Baseline serum or plasma concentrations of biomarkers were tested via commercial ELISA or colorimetric assays. Characteristics of insulin dysregulated and insulin sensitive horses were compared by univariate analysis and forward logistic regression. 12 (38%) of the 32 horses were classified as insulin dysregulated. No significant difference between the 2 groups was found for age, BCS, baseline glucose, triglycerides, MG, D-lactate, L-lactate, TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP-1. Baseline insulin was significantly associated with insulin dysregulation in univariate analysis (P = 0.02), but not in the final model. Horses with CNS ≥ 3 had 11.3 times higher odds of having insulin dysregulation (OR 11.3, 95% C.I. 2.04 - 63.08, P = 0.006). In this population, horses with mild-moderate signs of EMS presented similar metabolic and inflammatory profiles to non-insulin dysregulated controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina M Ragno
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
| | - Colby D Klein
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Nicole S Sereda
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Fabienne D Uehlinger
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Gordon A Zello
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Canada
| | - Katherine A Robinson
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Julia B Montgomery
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Salivary Redox Biomarkers in Insulin Resistance: Preclinical Studies in an Animal Model. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:3734252. [PMID: 34557264 PMCID: PMC8455206 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3734252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is a condition of impaired tissue response to insulin. Although there are many methods to diagnose IR, new biomarkers are still being sought for early and noninvasive diagnosis of the disease. Of particular interest in laboratory diagnostics is saliva collected in a stress-free, noninvasive, and straightforward manner. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic utility of salivary redox biomarkers in preclinical studies in an animal model. The study was conducted on 20 male Wistar rats divided into two equal groups: a standard diet and a high-fat diet (HFD). In all rats fed the HFD, IR was confirmed by an elevated homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) index. We have shown that IR is responsible for the depletion of the enzymatic (↓superoxide dismutase) and nonenzymatic (↓ascorbic acid, ↓reduced glutathione (GSH)) antioxidant barrier at both the central (serum/plasma) and salivary gland (saliva) levels. In IR rats, we also demonstrated significantly higher concentrations of protein/lipid oxidation (↑protein carbonyls, ↑4-hydroxynoneal (4-HNE)), glycation (↑advanced glycation end products), and nitration (↑3-nitrotyrosine) products in both saliva and blood plasma. Salivary nonenzymatic antioxidants and oxidative stress products generally correlate with their blood levels, while GSH and 4-HNE have the highest correlation coefficient. Salivary GSH and 4-HNE correlate with body weight and BMI and indices of carbohydrate metabolism (glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR) and proinflammatory adipokines (leptin, resistin, TNF-α). These biomarkers differentiate IR from healthy controls with very high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (100%). The high diagnostic utility of salivary GSH and 4-HNE is also confirmed by multivariate regression analysis. Summarizing, saliva can be used to assess the systemic antioxidant status and the intensity of systemic oxidative stress. Salivary GSH and 4-HNE may be potential biomarkers of IR progression. There is a need for human clinical trials to evaluate the diagnostic utility of salivary redox biomarkers in IR conditions.
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Guo F, Si R, Li Q, Hai L, Yi L, He J, Ming L, Ji R. Reversible insulin resistance helps Bactrian camels survive fasting. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18815. [PMID: 34552154 PMCID: PMC8458433 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98234-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Camels have hunger tolerance and can adapt to the severe environment of the desert. Through the comparison of insulin signalling pathway genes in different tissues in different eating periods (feeding, fasting and recovery feeding), it was found that IRS1, PIK3CB, PIK3R1 and SLC2A4 expression was significantly downregulated in the fore hump and hind hump during the fasting period. In addition, there was no difference in serum insulin levels among the three stages. However, the serum leptin and adiponectin levels decreased significantly during fasting. Additionally, insulin tolerance tests during the three stages showed that camels were insensitive to insulin during fasting. Further study of the serum metabolites showed that serum branched-chain and aromatic amino acid levels increased during the fasting period. Finally, analysis of microbial diversity in camel faeces at different stages showed that during the fasting period, the proportion of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria increased, while that of Bacteroides and the butyrate-producing bacterium Roseburia decreased. The results of this study show that fasting is accompanied by changes in the activation of insulin pathways in various camel tissues, normal insulin levels, and increased lipolysis and insulin resistance, which return to normal after eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fucheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Rendalai Si
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China.,Camel Research Institute of Inner Mongolia, Alxa, 737300, China
| | - Quanyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Le Hai
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Li Yi
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Jing He
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Liang Ming
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China.
| | - Rimutu Ji
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China. .,Camel Research Institute of Inner Mongolia, Alxa, 737300, China.
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Hosseinkhani S, Aazami H, Hashemi E, Dehghanbanadaki H, Adibi-Motlagh B, Razi F. The trend in application of omics in type 2 diabetes researches; A bibliometric study. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15:102250. [PMID: 34419857 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Due to the importance of omics approaches in diabetes diagnosis, we were assumed to study the scientific activities on omics and type 2 diabetes worldwide. METHOD Bibliometric approach was utilized to evaluate the documents on proteomics, lipidomics, and metabolomics in patients with type 2 diabetes in the Scopus database from the beginning to 2020. The articles were screened by two reviewers and the number of publications and citations on omics and type 2 diabetes, top-ranked journals, top-cited articles, country co-contributions, co-authorships, author keywords, and terms were analyzed. RESULTS The scientific publications in this field consisted of 551 original articles, of which the USA shares the most percent, followed by China and Germany. The frequent keywords showed that the following hotspots were of interest: "Metabolomics, proteomics, and lipidomics as biomarkers for diabetes", "Omics and diabetic nephropathy", "The application of omics in obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes". CONCLUSION This study showed an increasing trend in applying omics in type 2 diabetes researches and determined the leading producers in this field. Besides, the research hotspots and the main subjects of documents were provided for future research and policy decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Hosseinkhani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Aazami
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Scientometrics Department, FarIdea Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Hashemi
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; National Research Center for Transgenic Mouse, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hojat Dehghanbanadaki
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Adibi-Motlagh
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Razi
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Jarecki P, Herman WA, Losy J, Lacka K. The Comparison of Predictive Value Among Chemerin, IL-18 and Hormonal Parameters in Assessing the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Men. Am J Mens Health 2021; 15:15579883211034984. [PMID: 34330167 PMCID: PMC8326632 DOI: 10.1177/15579883211034984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemerin (CHEM) is a new proinflammatory adipokine involved in the immune, metabolic and reproductive processes. Low-grade state inflammation (LGSI) is a key element in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome (MS). Low SHBG is a good marker of male hypogonadism in MS. This study evaluated the prognostic value of selected adipokine, LGSI, and androgenic parameters in predicting the risk of MS among men. One hundred thirty-two random men aged 40 to 70 years old were enrolled. Measurements of anthropometric indices, blood pressure, and laboratory tests were carried out. A total of 62 men (47%) were diagnosed with MS. Chemerin concentrations were higher in men diagnosed with MS compared to healthy: 89.48 (78.12-112.10) vs. 77.9 (65.12-98.64) ng/mL; p = .002. Men diagnosed with MS presented with lower levels of total testosterone: 5.75 (4.00-6.57) vs. 6.40 (5.50-8.40) ng/mL; p = .0014 and SHBG: 46.58 (35.13-66.28) vs. 71.97 (56.1-92.7) nM/L; p < 0.000001. Elevated LGSI indices were demonstrated in men with MS as opposed to healthy [IL-18: 530.64 (409.12-640.56) vs. 418.85 (348.14-496.44) pg/mL; p = .000033 and hs-CRP: 2.15 (0.97-4.26) vs. 1.01 (0.41-2.68) ng/mL; p = .0057)]. In multivariate regression analysis, the highest negative predictive value in assessing the risk of MS was SHBG serum concentration, while the highest positive predictive values were: IL-18, hypertriglyceridemia, and waist circumference. Decreased SHBG levels, combined with elevated IL-18 concentrations in men showing hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype, significantly increase the risk of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Jarecki
- Student Scientific Club of Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Wielkopolskie, Poland and District Hospital in Głogów, Dolnośląskie, Poland
| | | | - Jacek Losy
- Department of Neurology, Chair of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Wielkopolskie, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Lacka
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Wielkopolskie, Poland
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Rabari K, Naithani M, Patra P, Sonagara N, Dudi P, Goyal B, Saha S, Mirza AA, Darbari A. Single-Point Insulin Sensitivity Estimator (SPISE) as a Feasible Marker of Insulin Resistance in Adult Metabolic Syndrome: Evaluated in a Hospital Based Cross-Sectional Pilot Study at Tertiary Care Centre of Uttarakhand. Indian J Clin Biochem 2021; 37:356-360. [DOI: 10.1007/s12291-021-00992-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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50
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Eboka-Loumingou Sakou RF, Longo-Mbenza B, Nkalla-Lambi M, Mokondjimobe E, Monabeka HG, Moukassa D, Abena AA, Mekieje Tumchou MP, Tchokonte-Nana V. Inflammatory biomarkers and prediction of insulin resistance in Congolese adults. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06139. [PMID: 33644449 PMCID: PMC7889996 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown that low levels of adiponectin (ADP) and high levels of alpha tumor necrosis factor (NFT) increase the risk or severity of many cardiometabolic diseases associated with insulin resistance. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the association between plasma adipokines and IR measured by HOMA-IR. The secondary objective was to determine the biomarker of the potential inflammation to predict IR in Congolese melanoderm subjects residing in Brazzaville. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 234 apparently healthy participants over the age of 18. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected. Biological data, including the total ADP and NFT dosage, were measured using the ELISA method. Participants were categorized into two groups according to HOMA-IR ≥ 2.5. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify risk factors for insulin resistance. An optimized model was obtained after the logistic regression. The analysis of the receptor's operating characteristics (OCR) was performed to determine the optimal threshold value and diagnostic characteristics, as well as the area under the curve (ASC). ADP averages were significantly low (11.49 ± 7.61 ng/mL; P < 0.001) while those of TNF were significantly higher (96.03 ± 44.09 pg/mL) in the HOMA-IR group ≥ 2.5. There was a positive and significant correlation (p < 0.05) between BMI, TT, CRPhs, TNF and HOMA-IR. And a negative and significant correlation was noted between ADP and HOMA-IR (r = - 0.39; P < 0.01). Similarly, a negative and significant correlation (p < 0.01) was noted between BMI, TT, TNF, CRPhs and ADP. The optimal threshold value of the total ADP for predicting IR was 17.52 ng/mL with a sensitivity of 89% [IC 95% (0.83-0.95)], 56% specificity [IC 95% (0.47-0.65)] and a CSA of 0.76 [IC 95% (0.69-0.81)]. After logistic regression, the CSA of the optimized model was 0.84 [IC 95% (0.79-0.89)]. ADP can be used as a highly plausible IR prediction biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin Longo-Mbenza
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo.,Lomo University of Research, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Etienne Mokondjimobe
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo.,Lomo University of Research, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Henry Germain Monabeka
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo.,University Hospital Centre, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Donatien Moukassa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo.,General Hospital Edith Lucie Bongo Ondimba, Oyo, Republic of the Congo
| | - Ange Antoine Abena
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Venant Tchokonte-Nana
- Lomo University of Research, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University des Montagnes, Bangangte, Cameroon
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