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Shang R, Rodrigues B. Lipoprotein lipase as a target for obesity/diabetes related cardiovascular disease. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY & PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES : A PUBLICATION OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY FOR PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, SOCIETE CANADIENNE DES SCIENCES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2024; 27:13199. [PMID: 39081272 PMCID: PMC11286490 DOI: 10.3389/jpps.2024.13199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Worldwide, the prevalence of obesity and diabetes have increased, with heart disease being their leading cause of death. Traditionally, the management of obesity and diabetes has focused mainly on weight reduction and controlling high blood glucose. Unfortunately, despite these efforts, poor medication management predisposes these patients to heart failure. One instigator for the development of heart failure is how cardiac tissue utilizes different sources of fuel for energy. In this regard, the heart switches from using various substrates, to predominantly using fatty acids (FA). This transformation to using FA as an exclusive source of energy is helpful in the initial stages of the disease. However, over the progression of diabetes this has grave end results. This is because toxic by-products are produced by overuse of FA, which weaken heart function (heart disease). Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is responsible for regulating FA delivery to the heart, and its function during diabetes has not been completely revealed. In this review, the mechanisms by which LPL regulates fuel utilization by the heart in control conditions and following diabetes will be discussed in an attempt to identify new targets for therapeutic intervention. Currently, as treatment options to directly target diabetic heart disease are scarce, research on LPL may assist in drug development that exclusively targets fuel utilization by the heart and lipid accumulation in macrophages to help delay, prevent, or treat cardiac failure, and provide long-term management of this condition during diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Shang
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brian Rodrigues
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Nartey MNN, Jisaka M, Syeda PK, Nishimura K, Shimizu H, Yokota K. Prostaglandin D 2 Added during the Differentiation of 3T3-L1 Cells Suppresses Adipogenesis via Dysfunction of D-Prostanoid Receptor P1 and P2. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020370. [PMID: 36836727 PMCID: PMC9963520 DOI: 10.3390/life13020370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that the addition of prostaglandin, (PG)D2, and its chemically stable analog, 11-deoxy-11-methylene-PGD2 (11d-11m-PGD2), during the maturation phase of 3T3-L1 cells promotes adipogenesis. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the effects of the addition of PGD2 or 11d-11m-PGD2 to 3T3-L1 cells during the differentiation phase on adipogenesis. We found that both PGD2 and 11d-11m-PGD2 suppressed adipogenesis through the downregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) expression. However, the latter suppressed adipogenesis more potently than PGD2, most likely because of its higher resistance to spontaneous transformation into PGJ2 derivatives. In addition, this anti-adipogenic effect was attenuated by the coexistence of an IP receptor agonist, suggesting that the effect depends on the intensity of the signaling from the IP receptor. The D-prostanoid receptors 1 (DP1) and 2 (DP2, also known as a chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells) are receptors for PGD2. The inhibitory effects of PGD2 and 11d-11m-PGD2 on adipogenesis were slightly attenuated by a DP2 agonist. Furthermore, the addition of PGD2 and 11d-11m-PGD2 during the differentiation phase reduced the DP1 and DP2 expression during the maturation phase. Overall, these results indicated that the addition of PGD2 or 11d-11m-PGD2 during the differentiation phase suppresses adipogenesis via the dysfunction of DP1 and DP2. Therefore, unidentified receptor(s) for both molecules may be involved in the suppression of adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N. N. Nartey
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Animal Research Institute, Achimota, Accra P.O. Box AH20, Ghana
| | - Mitsuo Jisaka
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Pinky Karim Syeda
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
| | - Kohji Nishimura
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
- Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
| | - Hidehisa Shimizu
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
- Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
| | - Kazushige Yokota
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
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Hypoglycemic Effect and Experimental Validation of Scutellariae Radix based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10122553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Scutellariae Radix (SR) is a well-known traditional herb that has good pharmacological effects against diabetes. However, the mechanism of SR against diabetes is not clear. In this study, the ingredient–target–pathway relationship and hypoglycemic effect of SR on diabetes were explored using network pharmacology, molecular docking and an animal experiment. The targets of SR and diabetes were mined. The selected targets were studied using Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and pathway enrichment analysis. The network of active components, targets and pathways was integrated to analyze the ingredient–target–pathway relationship. Then, the correspondence between the active components and targets was verified using molecular docking. Finally, an animal experiment was used to verify the hypoglycemic effect of SR. There were 52 components and 22 targets for the hypoglycemic effect of SR. We identified 18 biological processes, 9 cellular components, 15 molecular functions and 25 signaling pathways. Molecular docking results indicated that the targets of diabetes bound strongly to the main components. The animal experiments showed that SR could significantly decrease the blood glucose level of diabetic rats (p ≤ 0.05). This study explored the potential targets and signaling pathways of SR in diabetes, and the results may help to illustrate the hypoglycemic mechanism of SR.
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Yu H, Li L, Yu L, Xu C, Zhang J, Qiu X, Zhang Y, Shan L. Effect of Dietary Linoleic Acid (18:2n-6) Supplementation on the Growth Performance, Fatty Acid Profile, and Lipid Metabolism Enzyme Activities of Coho Salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch) Alevins. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192631. [PMID: 36230371 PMCID: PMC9559461 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A 12-week feeding trial aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6) on the growth performance, fatty acid profile, and lipid metabolism enzyme activities of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) alevins. Six experimental diets (47% crude protein and 15% crude lipid) were formulated to contain graded LA levels of 0.11%, 0.74%, 1.37%, 2.00%, 2.63%, and 3.26%. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of 50 alevins with an initial body weight of 0.364 ± 0.002 g, which were randomly assigned to 18 white plastic tanks (0.8 × 0.6 × 0.6 m, 240 L/tank). Fish were reared in a freshwater flow-through rearing system and fed to apparent satiation four times daily. The survival rate was not significantly different among the treatments (p > 0.05). However, the 1.37% LA group significantly improved the final body weight and specific growth rate (SGR) (p < 0.05) of alevins. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1.37% LA group was significantly lower than those in other groups (p < 0.05). The whole-body lipid content significantly decreased (p < 0.05) with dietary LA levels increasing from 0.74% to 2.00%. The fatty acid composition of the total lipid in muscle was closely correlated with those in the diets. The dietary LA level of 1.37% led to significantly higher activities of liver lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase (HL) than those of other groups (p < 0.05). Hepatic malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) decreased with the increase in the dietary LA levels from 0.11% to 1.37%. The lowest MDH and FAS activities were obtained in the 1.37% LA group (p < 0.05). This study indicated that an appropriate amount of dietary LA was beneficial for the growth and lipid metabolism of coho salmon alevins, and the results of the quadratic regression analysis of the SGR and FCR indicated that the optimal dietary LA requirements were 1.25% and 1.23% for coho salmon alevins, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Universities of Shandong (Weifang University), Weifang Key Laboratory of Coho Salmon Culturing Facility Engineering, Institute of Modern Facility Fisheries, College of Biology and Oceanography, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); (L.Y.)
| | - Lingyao Li
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Universities of Shandong (Weifang University), Weifang Key Laboratory of Coho Salmon Culturing Facility Engineering, Institute of Modern Facility Fisheries, College of Biology and Oceanography, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Coho Salmon Health Culture Engineering Technology, Shandong Conqueren Marine Technology Co., Ltd., Weifang 261108, China
| | - Leyong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Universities of Shandong (Weifang University), Weifang Key Laboratory of Coho Salmon Culturing Facility Engineering, Institute of Modern Facility Fisheries, College of Biology and Oceanography, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); (L.Y.)
| | - Congmei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Universities of Shandong (Weifang University), Weifang Key Laboratory of Coho Salmon Culturing Facility Engineering, Institute of Modern Facility Fisheries, College of Biology and Oceanography, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Universities of Shandong (Weifang University), Weifang Key Laboratory of Coho Salmon Culturing Facility Engineering, Institute of Modern Facility Fisheries, College of Biology and Oceanography, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China
| | - Xiangyi Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Universities of Shandong (Weifang University), Weifang Key Laboratory of Coho Salmon Culturing Facility Engineering, Institute of Modern Facility Fisheries, College of Biology and Oceanography, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China
| | - Yijing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Universities of Shandong (Weifang University), Weifang Key Laboratory of Coho Salmon Culturing Facility Engineering, Institute of Modern Facility Fisheries, College of Biology and Oceanography, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China
| | - Lingling Shan
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Coho Salmon Health Culture Engineering Technology, Shandong Conqueren Marine Technology Co., Ltd., Weifang 261108, China
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Evangelakos I, Kuhl A, Baguhl M, Schlein C, John C, Rohde JK, Heine M, Heeren J, Worthmann A. Cold-Induced Lipoprotein Clearance in Cyp7b1-Deficient Mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:836741. [PMID: 35478959 PMCID: PMC9038073 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.836741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has emerged as an appealing therapeutic target for cardio metabolic diseases. BAT is a heat-producing organ and upon activation substantially lowers hyperlipidemia. In response to cold exposure, not only the uptake of lipids into BAT is increased but also the Cyp7b1-mediated synthesis of bile acids (BA) from cholesterol in the liver is triggered. In addition to their role for intestinal lipid digestion, BA act as endocrine signals that can activate thermogenesis in BAT. When exposed to cold temperatures, Cyp7b1−/− mice have compromised BAT function along with reduced fecal bile acid levels. Here, we aim to evaluate the role of Cyp7b1 for BAT-dependent lipid clearance. Using metabolic studies with radioactive tracers, we show that in response to a cold stimulus, BAT-mediated clearance of fatty acids derived from triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL), and their remnants are reduced in Cyp7b1−/− mice. The impaired lipid uptake can be explained by reduced BAT lipoprotein lipase (LPL) levels and compromised organ activity in Cyp7b1−/− mice, which may be linked to impaired insulin signaling. Overall, our findings reveal that alterations of systemic lipoprotein metabolism mediated by cold-activated BAT are dependent, at least in part, on CYP7Β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Evangelakos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anastasia Kuhl
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Miriam Baguhl
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Schlein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Clara John
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia K. Rohde
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Heine
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joerg Heeren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Worthmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Anna Worthmann,
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Hu C, Wang S, Lin L, Qi H, Lin H, Jia X, Zhu Y, Wu X, Li M, Wang T, Zhao Z, Xu M, Xu Y, Wang W, Ning G, Bi Y, Li D, Chen Y, Dai M, Lu J. Association of serum secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine-like protein 1 with metabolic measures and dyslipidemia among Chinese adults. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1018657. [PMID: 36387870 PMCID: PMC9647160 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1018657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent studies found that secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine-like protein 1 (Sparcl1) could inhibit lipid droplets accumulation by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) signal pathway. However, the associations of serum Sparcl1 level with lipids profiles and other metabolic phenotypes remain unknown in human population study. METHODS We determined serum Sparcl1 using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays among 1750 adults aged 40 years and older from a community in Shanghai, China. Generalized linear regression models were used to evaluate the association between Sparcl1 and metabolic measures. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship of serum Sparcl1 with prevalent dyslipidemia. RESULTS With the increment of serum Sparcl1, participants tended to have lower level of triglycerides, and higher level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (all P for trend < 0.01). No significant associations between serum Sparcl1 and glucose, blood pressure, or body size were observed. The generalized linear regression models suggested that per standard deviation (SD) increment of serum Sparcl1 was significantly inversely associated with triglycerides (β= -0.06, P=0.02). The prevalence of dyslipidemia decreased across the sparcl1 quartiles (P for trend <0.01). After controlling the potential confounders, participants in the highest quartile of sparcl1 concentration had the lowest prevalence of dyslipidemia (odds ratio [OR], 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.52-0.91), compared with the lowest quartile. Per SD increment of Sparcl1 was associated with 20% (OR, 0.80; 95%CI, 0.69-0.94) lower prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia and 12% (OR, 0.88; 95%CI, 0.79-0.97) lower prevalence of dyslipidemia. The association between serum Sparcl1 and dyslipidemia were generally consistent across subgroups (all P for interaction > 0.05). CONCLUSION Serum Sparcl1 was significantly associated with decreased risk of prevalent dyslipidemia in Chinese population. Further studies are warranted to confirm this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Hu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuangyuan Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyan Qi
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Lin
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Jia
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyue Zhu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueyan Wu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mian Li
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiange Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyun Zhao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqing Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ning
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufang Bi
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Donghui Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Dai
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jieli Lu, ; Meng Dai,
| | - Jieli Lu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jieli Lu, ; Meng Dai,
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Shang R, Rodrigues B. Lipoprotein Lipase and Its Delivery of Fatty Acids to the Heart. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11071016. [PMID: 34356640 PMCID: PMC8301904 DOI: 10.3390/biom11071016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ninety percent of plasma fatty acids (FAs) are contained within lipoprotein-triglyceride, and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is robustly expressed in the heart. Hence, LPL-mediated lipolysis of lipoproteins is suggested to be a key source of FAs for cardiac use. Lipoprotein clearance by LPL occurs at the apical surface of the endothelial cell lining of the coronary lumen. In the heart, the majority of LPL is produced in cardiomyocytes and subsequently is translocated to the apical luminal surface. Here, vascular LPL hydrolyzes lipoprotein-triglyceride to provide the heart with FAs for ATP generation. This article presents an overview of cardiac LPL, explains how the enzyme works, describes key molecules that regulate its activity and outlines how changes in LPL are brought about by physiological and pathological states such as fasting and diabetes, respectively.
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Lee JS, Hyun IK, Seo HJ, Song D, Kim MY, Kang SS. Biotransformation of whey by Weissella cibaria suppresses 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:3876-3887. [PMID: 33612219 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Biotransformation, the structural modification of chemical compounds, has proved to be an indispensable tool in providing beneficial health effects. Although the health benefits of biotransformation using plant sources has been widely studied, the anti-adipogenic effect of biotransformed dairy products, such as whey, have not yet been demonstrated. Here, we investigated the anti-adipogenic effect of whey biotransformed by Weissella cibaria in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Weissella cibaria-biotransformed whey considerably reduced the accumulation of lipid droplets and intracellular triglycerides in 3T3-L1 cells. In the presence of W. cibaria-biotransformed whey, the mRNA and protein expression of a key transcription factor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), for adipogenesis was markedly suppressed in 3T3-L1 cells. Additionally, W. cibaria-biotransformed whey also decreased the mRNA and protein expressions of lipoprotein lipase and adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein, which are regulated by PPARγ. Moreover, W. cibaria-biotransformed whey inhibited the expression of adipokines, resistin, and leptin. Collectively, these results suggest that whey biotransformed by W. cibaria has the potential to exert anti-adipogenic effects by inhibiting intracellular signaling events of adipogenic-related transcription factors and target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Soo Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - In Kyung Hyun
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Seo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahyun Song
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Young Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Seong Kang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Wang Y, Xie S, Nie Z, Li Q, Sun Y, Shao N, Gao J, Hu J, Xu P, Xu G. Optimum feeding frequency of juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) reared in in-pond raceway recirculating culture system. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:2197-2212. [PMID: 32865717 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00866-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effects of feeding frequency on the growth, serum biochemical parameters, antioxidant status and hepatic growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase (HL) gene expression levels of juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) reared in an in-pond raceway recirculating culture system (IPRS). Fish (initial body weight 5.0 ± 0.4 g) were hand-fed with a commercial diet under one of three different feeding frequency treatments (2, 3 or 4 meals/day) for 120 days. The results indicated that no significant differences were observed in the final body weight, weight gain and specific growth rate of fish fed different feeding frequencies on 30 days and 60 days (P > 0.05). Fish fed 2 times/day had higher growth than that fed 4 times/day on 90 days but had higher growth than those fed 3 and 4 times/day on 120 days. No significant differences were found in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, total protein (TP), lysozyme and triglyceride (TG) content, hepatic total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) content among fish fed different feeding frequency (P > 0.05). Serum glucose (Glu) content and catalase (CAT) activity decreased, while total cholesterol (TC) content increased with increasing feeding frequency. Fish fed 2 times/day had higher hepatic total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) than that fed 4 times/day on 60 days, 90 days and 120 days (P < 0.05). Fish fed 2 times/day had higher IGF-1 gene mRNA expression on 30 days, 60 days and 120 days (P < 0.05), while no significant difference on 90 days. No significant difference was found in GH gene mRNA expression on 30 days and 60 days, while fish fed 4 times/day had lower values than that fed 2 times/day on 90 days and 120 days (P < 0.05). Fish fed 2 times/day had significantly higher LPL mRNA expression level than that fed 4 times/day on 60 days and 90 days and had significantly higher HL mRNA expression level on 60 days, 90 days and 120 days (P < 0.05). Based on growth, physiology, hepatic gene expression levels, labour costs and intensity, the optimal feeding frequency of largemouth bass (average body weight 5.0 ± 0.4 g) reared in IPRS is 2 times/day. These data are very necessary for the optimizing of culture conditions and feeding management strategy in IPRS culture operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Suming Xie
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Zhijuan Nie
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Quanjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Nailin Shao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Jiancao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Jiawen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Pao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Gangchun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China.
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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10
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Park JE, Oh SH, Cha YS. Lactobacillus Brevis OPK-3 from Kimchi Prevents Obesity and Modulates the Expression of Adipogenic and Pro-Inflammatory Genes in Adipose Tissue of Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030604. [PMID: 32110872 PMCID: PMC7146405 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study reported that lactic acid bacteria (L. brevis OPK-3) isolated from kimchi ameliorated intracellular lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocyte. The current study explored potential roles of L. brevis OPK-3 (KLAB) on preventing body weight gain and its effect on the inflammatory response of adipose tissue. Male C57BL/6 mice (n = 10) were divided into four groups: normal diet with distilled water (NDC), high-fat diet with distilled water (HDC), high-fat diet with L-ornithine (OTC) or high-fat diet with KLAB. The KLAB supplement resulted in significantly lower body weight, lower epididymal fat tissue mass, and lower serum and hepatic TG levels than the HDC. KLAB supplementation improved serum cytokines, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis showed significantly lower inflammatory cytokine mRNA levels in epididymal adipose tissue. These results suggest that the administration of KLAB inhibits the induction of inflammation in adipose tissue along with the inhibition of weight gain. Therefore, this study demonstrates the therapeutic and beneficial value of this strain produced during the fermentation of kimchi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Park
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University and Obesity Research Center, Jeonju, 54896 Jeonbuk, Korea;
| | - Suk-Heung Oh
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Woosuk University, Samnye-eup, Wanju-gun 55338, Jeonbuk, Korea;
| | - Youn-Soo Cha
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University and Obesity Research Center, Jeonju, 54896 Jeonbuk, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-270-4258
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11
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Bertucci JI, Blanco AM, Sánchez‐Bretaño A, Unniappan S, Canosa LF. Ghrelin and NUCB2/Nesfatin‐1 Co‐Localization With Digestive Enzymes in the Intestine of Pejerrey (
Odontesthes bonariensis
). Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 302:973-982. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.24012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ignacio Bertucci
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)‐Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) Buenos Aires Argentina
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Department of Veterinary Biomedical SciencesWestern College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
| | - Ayelén Melisa Blanco
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Department of Veterinary Biomedical SciencesWestern College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
- Departamento de Fisiología (Fisiología Animal II), Facultad de BiologíaUniversidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Aida Sánchez‐Bretaño
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Neuroscience InstituteMorehouse School of Medicine 720 Westview Drive, GA, 30310 Atlanta Georgia
| | - Suraj Unniappan
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Department of Veterinary Biomedical SciencesWestern College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
| | - Luis Fabián Canosa
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)‐Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) Buenos Aires Argentina
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12
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Wang M, Xu D, Liu K, Yang J, Xu P. Molecular cloning and expression analysis on LPL of Coilia nasus. Gene 2016; 583:147-159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Yoo JM, Lee M, Kwon HO, Choi SG, Bae MH, Kim OK. Effects of Sinetrol-XPur on Leptin-Deficient Obese Mice and Activation of cAMP-Dependent UCP-2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3746/jkfn.2016.45.4.484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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14
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Dai XW, Chen YM, Zeng FF, Sun LL, Chen CG, Su YX. Association between n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in erythrocytes and metabolic syndrome in Chinese men and women. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:981-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-0912-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Lipid decomposition by sonic vibration in matured 3T3-L1 cells within 3-Dimensional artificial adipose. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-014-0183-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Lee M, Nam DE, Kim OK, Shim TJ, Kim JH, Lee J. Anti-obesity Effects of African Mango (Irvingia gabonesis, IGOB 131TM) Extract in Leptin-deficient Obese Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.3746/jkfn.2014.43.10.1477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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17
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Chen QL, Luo Z, Huang C, Zheng JL, Pan YX, Song YF, Hu W. Molecular cloning and tissue mRNA levels of 15 genes involved in lipid metabolism inSynechogobius hasta. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201400164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding; Ministry of Agriculture of P.R.C., Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan P. R. China
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province; P. R. China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding; Ministry of Agriculture of P.R.C., Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan P. R. China
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province; P. R. China
| | - Chao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding; Ministry of Agriculture of P.R.C., Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan P. R. China
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province; P. R. China
| | - Jia-Lang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding; Ministry of Agriculture of P.R.C., Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan P. R. China
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province; P. R. China
| | - Ya-Xiong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding; Ministry of Agriculture of P.R.C., Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan P. R. China
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province; P. R. China
| | - Yu-Feng Song
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding; Ministry of Agriculture of P.R.C., Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan P. R. China
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province; P. R. China
| | - Wei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding; Ministry of Agriculture of P.R.C., Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan P. R. China
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province; P. R. China
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18
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Yin SN, Liu M, Jing DQ, Mu YM, Lu JM, Pan CY. Telmisartan increases lipoprotein lipase expression via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha in HepG2 cells. Endocr Res 2014; 39:66-72. [PMID: 24067162 DOI: 10.3109/07435800.2013.828741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In addition to their hypotensive properties, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) have been shown to exert clinical antidyslipidemic effects. The mechanism underlying these ARB lipid metabolic effects remains unclear. Some ARBs, for example, telmisartan, activate peroxisome proliferator-activated activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma). We hypothesized that PPAR-gamma-activating ARBs might exert antidyslipidemic effects via PPAR-alpha. In this study, we assessed the effect of telmisartan on the expression of PPAR-alpha and lipoprotein lipase (LPL). PPAR-alpha expression was detected by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot in HepG2 hepatocytes as well as differentiated C2C12 myocytes treated with increasing concentrations of telmisartan (0.1-10 μmol/L) for 48 h. Results showed that 1 μmol/L and 10 μmol/L telmisartan significantly increased the expression of PPAR-alpha mRNA and protein in HepG2 cells (p < 0.01). No effect was shown in differentiated C2C12 cells. Similarly, 1 µmol/L and 10 μmol/L telmisartan significantly increased the expression of LPL mRNA and protein in HepG2 cells (p < 0.01), and this increase was significantly (p < 0.01) inhibited by the PPAR-alpha-specific antagonist MK886. These results indicate that certain of the antidyslipidemic effects of telmisartan might be mediated via increased PPAR-alpha-dependent induction of LPL expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Nan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing , China
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19
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The Korean Mistletoe (Viscum album coloratum) Extract Has an Antiobesity Effect and Protects against Hepatic Steatosis in Mice with High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:168207. [PMID: 23935653 PMCID: PMC3725881 DOI: 10.1155/2013/168207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the inhibitory effects of Korean mistletoe extract (KME) on adipogenic factors in 3T3-L1 cells and obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in mice fed a high-fat diet. Male C57Bl/6 mice fed a high-fat diet were treated with KME (3 g/kg/day) for 15 weeks for the antiobesity and NAFLD experiments. Body weight and daily food intake were measured regularly during the experimental period. The epididymal pad was measured and liver histology was observed. The effects of KME on thermogenesis and endurance capacity were measured. The effects of KME on adipogenic factors were examined in 3T3-L1 cells. Body and epididymal fat pad weights were reduced in KME-treated mice, and histological examination showed an amelioration of fatty liver in KME-treated mice, without an effect on food consumption. KME potently induces mitochondrial activity by activating thermogenesis and improving endurance capacity. KME also inhibited adipogenic factors in vitro. These results demonstrate the inhibitory effects of KME on obesity and NAFLD in mice fed a high-fat diet. The effects appear to be mediated through an enhanced mitochondrial activity. Therefore, KME may be an effective therapeutic candidate for treating obesity and fatty liver caused by a high-fat diet.
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20
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Daoud MS, Ataya FS, Fouad D, Alhazzani A, Shehata AI, Al-Jafari AA. Associations of three lipoprotein lipase gene polymorphisms, lipid profiles and coronary artery disease. Biomed Rep 2013; 1:573-582. [PMID: 24648989 DOI: 10.3892/br.2013.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) plays a central role in lipoprotein metabolism by hydrolyzing the core triglycerides (TGs) of circulating chylomicrons and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). The effects of LPL polymorphisms on lipid levels and coronary artery disease (CAD) have been inconsistent among studies and populations. To assess the lipid profiles and distributions of three LPL gene polymorphisms in Saudi patients with CAD, the HindIII, PvuII and Ser447Ter polymorphisms in the LPL gene were analyzed in 226 patients with CAD and 110 controls. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to detect LPL gene polymorphisms. The plasma lipid profiles of the patients were determined using standard enzymatic methods. Patients in the CAD group had significantly higher triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels than controls irrespective of the HindIII, PvuII or Ser447Ter genotype. Compared to the findings in controls, the HindIII TT, PvuII TC and Ser447Ter CC genotypes were associated with significantly reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in patients with CAD (P<0.0001). In summary, there are associations between LPL gene variants and high plasma TG, TC and LDL-C levels as well as low HDL-C levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Daoud
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Riyadh 11459, Saudi Arabia ; ; King Fahd Unit Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Kasr Al-Ainy University Hospital, Cairo University, El-Manial, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Farid S Ataya
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Riyadh 11459, Saudi Arabia ; ; Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo 12311, Egypt
| | - Dalia Fouad
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia ; ; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal Alhazzani
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afaf I Shehata
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A Al-Jafari
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Riyadh 11459, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Lu RH, Liang XF, Wang M, Zhou Y, Bai XL, He Y. The role of leptin in lipid metabolism in fatty degenerated hepatocytes of the grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2012; 38:1759-1774. [PMID: 22760861 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-012-9673-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Leptin (Lep) is a key factor in the regulation of energy homeostasis in mammals, but its role in the fatty degenerated hepatocytes of the grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus is still unknown. The aim of our study is to determine the underlying mechanism and possible effects of C. idellus Lep function in lipid metabolism in C. idellus fatty degenerated hepatocytes. Fatty degenerated hepatocytes of C. idellus were established through treatment with media containing 0.1 % lipid emulsion (LE). Hepatic triglycerides had markedly accumulated in the treated hepatocytes 48 h later. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Lep dose dependently promoted the release of glycerol, but not FFA, in fatty degenerated hepatocytes. We also found that Lep affected the expression of key genes related to lipid metabolism at the transcriptional and translational levels. A total of ten genes, including HSL, ATGL, PPARα, PPARβ, UCP1, UCP2, PGC-1α, and CPTIα-1b, were markedly upregulated, while SCD1a and PPARγ were downregulated with Lep treatment. Moreover, the protein levels of HSL and ATGL and the LPL activity also significantly increased. The Lep-induced lipolysis was disrupted by the JAK-STAT inhibitor AG490, suggesting that JAK-STAT signaling pathways were involved in the process of Lep-induced lipolysis. Using the IRS-PI(3)K-specific inhibitor W1628, we found that only the Lep-induced downregulation of PPARγ was reduced. This result indicated that the IRS-PI(3)K signaling pathway was involved in the regulation of the adipogenic gene PPARγ. Overall, our results provided evidence that Lep directly stimulated JAK-STAT signaling-mediated lipolysis and fatty acid β-oxidation gene expression in the fatty degenerated hepatocytes of C. idellus and inhibited the adipogenesis mediated by the IRS-PI(3)K signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Hua Lu
- College of Fisheries, Hua Zhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xu-Fang Liang
- College of Fisheries, Hua Zhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Min Wang
- College of Fisheries, Hua Zhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- College of Fisheries, Hua Zhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiao-Li Bai
- College of Fisheries, Hua Zhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yan He
- College of Fisheries, Hua Zhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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22
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Genetic polymorphisms of lipoprotein lipase gene and their associations with growth traits in Xiangxi cattle. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:10331-8. [PMID: 23053937 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1910-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL), involved in the metabolism and transport of lipids, regulate energy balance, fat deposition and growth traits. The objective of this study was to investigate the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of LPL gene and to determine their associations between these polymorphisms and growth traits in Xiangxi cattle breed. In this study, six novel SNPs (C355157T, T355169C, T355186G, A355210G, T355348A and T355420C) and one reported SNP (A355427T, has been recorded in dbSNP, ID rs110590698) were detected using polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing method. Genotyping and genetic diversity analysis were performed in 240 Xiangxi cattle on the basis of sequence alignment, which indicated that five SNPs (C355157T, 355186G, T355348A, T355420C, A355427T) were in abundant genetic diversity, and the other two SNPs (T355169C and TA355210G) were in low genetic diversity. Linkage disequilibrium analysis showed that 18 different haplotypes were identified in these animals. Moreover, the results of the association between LPL gene polymorphisms and growth traits indicated that the individuals with H1H1 haplotype combination had higher BW and HG than those with other haplotype combinations (P < 0.05). The animals with CC genotype maintain higher mean values for BW than those with the CT and TT genotypes (P < 0.05) at T355420C locus. The animals with the AA genotype have lower mean values for WH, BL, HG and BW than those with the AT and TT genotypes at A355427T locus (P < 0.05). The results suggested that the SNPs of the LPL gene might be useful genetic markers for growth traits in the bovine reproduction and breeding.
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23
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Linehan C, Gupta S, Samali A, O'Connor L. Bisphenol A-mediated suppression of LPL gene expression inhibits triglyceride accumulation during adipogenic differentiation of human adult stem cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36109. [PMID: 22662114 PMCID: PMC3360737 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocrine disrupting chemical, bisphenol A (BPA), has been shown to accelerate the rate of adipogenesis and increase the amount of triglyceride accumulation during differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. The objective of this study was to investigate if that observation is mirrored in human primary cells. Here we investigated the effect of BPA on adipogenesis in cultured human primary adult stem cells. Continuous exposure to BPA throughout the 14 days of differentiation dramatically reduced triglyceride accumulation and suppressed gene transcription of the lipogenic enzyme, lipoprotein lipase (LPL). Results presented in the present study show for the first time that BPA can reduce triglyceride accumulation during adipogenesis by attenuating the expression of LPL gene transcription. Also, by employing image cytometric analysis rather than conventional Oil red O staining techniques we show that BPA regulates triglyceride accumulation in a manner which does not appear to effect adipogenesis per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Linehan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- * E-mail: (CL); (LO)
| | - Sanjeev Gupta
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Clinical Science Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Afshin Samali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Lynn O'Connor
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- * E-mail: (CL); (LO)
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24
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Li X, Jiang Y, Liu W, Ge X. Protein-sparing effect of dietary lipid in practical diets for blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) fingerlings: effects on digestive and metabolic responses. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2012; 38:529-541. [PMID: 21698471 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-011-9533-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the protein-sparing effect of dietary lipid on digestive and metabolic responses of fingerling Megalobrama amblycephala. Fish were fed nine practical diets with three protein levels (270, 310 and 350 g kg(-1)) and three lipid levels (40, 70 and 100 g kg(-1)) for 8 weeks. Weight gain was significantly affected only by dietary lipid levels with the highest found in fish fed 70 g kg(-1) lipid. Relative feed intake and whole-body protein content showed little difference among all the treatments. Activities of intestine lipase and amylase increased significantly as dietary lipid levels increased, whereas little difference was observed in protease activities. Liver lipid content was significantly affected only by protein levels with the lowest found in fish fed 310 g kg(-1) protein. Liver aspartate aminotransferase (GOT) activities increased significantly with decreasing lipid levels, whereas the highest GOT activity was obtained in fish fed 310 g kg(-1) protein in terms of dietary protein levels. Activities of liver lipoprotein lipase, total lipase and plasma cholesterol concentration of fish fed 350 g kg(-1) protein were significantly lower than that of the other groups, whereas the same was true for plasma 3, 5, 3'-triiodothyronine level of fish fed 270 g kg(-1) protein. The results indicated that an increase of dietary lipid content from 40 to 70 g kg(-1) can enhance the growth and digestive enzyme activities of this species and reduce the proportion of dietary protein catabolized for energy without inducing hepatic steatosis; meanwhile, decreasing protein level from 350 to 310 g kg(-1) leads to the increase of lipase activities both in intestine and liver coupled with the reduced liver lipid content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfei Li
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Ecology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
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Ding X, Guo X, Yan P, Liang C, Bao P, Chu M. Seasonal and nutrients intake regulation of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in grazing yak (Bos grunniens) in the Alpine Regions around Qinghai Lake. Livest Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Yang YH, Liang XF, Fang R, Peng MY, Huang ZD. [Polymorphism of SNPs in the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in Siniperca chuatsi and their association with feed habit domestication]. YI CHUAN = HEREDITAS 2011; 33:996-1002. [PMID: 21951801 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1005.2011.00996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sinperca chuatsi usually refuses eating dead bait or man-made feed due to its specific feeding habit. It was showed that some S. chuatsi could be induced to take lifeless bait with domestication gradually after long-term of cultivation. High cost, serious pollution, severe diseases, and other problems of S chuatsi cultivation can be solved effectively by selecting those liable to domestication via molecular marker and treating them with artificial feed on a large scale. Lipoprotein lipase, one of the key enzymes in lipoprotein metabolic processes, provides energy by catalyzing the oxidation of triglycerides lie in the core of chylomicron and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) into glycerin and fatty acid, and saves energy. In order to search the distribution of the alleles and genotypes of lipoprotein lipase gene (lipoprotein LPL) gene in two feed habit domestication phenotype populations, SNP genetic polymorphisms in 6 and 7 introns and 6, 7, and 8 exons of LPL in S. chuatsi were analyzed by PCR product sequencing method. Three SNPs A25T, G26T, and C29G were detected, two of which were non-synonymous mutations. It was indicated by Chi-square test that the analysis between domesticated and undomesticated populations show no significant difference (P>0.05) between the three SNPs and feed habit. However, diplotype 2 in the two population showed significant difference (P<0.05) by assembling different genotypes of the three SNPs into five diplotypes. Polymorphic analysis of partial fragment of LPL genome in S. chuatsi was accomplished successfully. Therefore, LPL gene can be considered as a candidate gene and genetic marker for feed habit domestication in S. chuatsi, which lays the foundation for the work of molecular marker and selecting breed, which has extensive application prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hui Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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Bouraoui L, Cruz-Garcia L, Gutiérrez J, Capilla E, Navarro I. Regulation of lipoprotein lipase gene expression by insulin and troglitazone in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) adipocyte cells in culture. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2011; 161:83-8. [PMID: 21967882 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2011.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue plays a central role regulating the balance between deposition and mobilization of lipid reserves. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a key enzyme controlling lipid accumulation in mammals and fish. In the present study, we have examined the expression of LPL in rainbow trout cultured adipocytes and we have investigated the effect of troglitazone, a member of thiazolidinediones (TZDs), and insulin on its expression. LPL gene expression increased from day 1 until day 12 of culture, and the level was maintained up to day 21. The addition of insulin at 10 nM and 1.7 μM increased significantly LPL gene expression in undifferentiated cells (days 7 to 12 maintained in growth medium). Nevertheless, treatment of day 7 cells incubated in growth medium with troglitazone (5 μM) or troglitazone plus insulin (1 μM each), tended to enhance LPL expression. In addition, LPL mRNA levels increased significantly in the presence of 1 μM and 5 μM of troglitazone (days 7 to 12) when the cells were induced to differentiate by addition of differentiation medium. Although troglitazone alone (1 μM) did not stimulate lipid accumulation in the cells neither in growth nor in differentiation medium, the simultaneous presence of troglitazone (1 μM) and insulin (1 μM) increased significantly the content of triglycerides in adipocyte cells maintained in growth medium (days 7 to 12). These results indicate that insulin and troglitazone regulate LPL gene expression during adipocyte differentiation and suggest that both factors may have combined effects in the modulation of adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bouraoui
- Departament de Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda Diagonal 643, Barcelona, Spain
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Thyagarajan-Sahu A, Lane B, Sliva D. ReishiMax, mushroom based dietary supplement, inhibits adipocyte differentiation, stimulates glucose uptake and activates AMPK. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 11:74. [PMID: 21929808 PMCID: PMC3224355 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-11-74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Obesity is a health hazard which is closely associated with various complications including insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes and cancer. In spite of numerous preclinical and clinical interventions, the prevalence of obesity and its related disorders are on the rise demanding an urgent need for exploring novel therapeutic agents that can regulate adipogenesis. In the present study, we evaluated whether a dietary supplement ReishiMax (RM), containing triterpenes and polysaccharides extracted from medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum, affects adipocyte differentiation and glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 cells. Methods 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes were differentiated into adipocytes and treated with RM (0-300 μg/ml). Adipocyte differentiation/lipid uptake was evaluated by oil red O staining and triglyceride and glycerol concentrations were determined. Gene expression was evaluated by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Glucose uptake was determined with [3H]-glucose. Results RM inhibited adipocyte differentiation through the suppresion of expression of adipogenic transcription factors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), sterol regulatory element binding element protein-1c (SREBP-1c) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α (C/EBP-α). RM also suppressed expression of enzymes and proteins responsible for lipid synthesis, transport and storage: fatty acid synthase (FAS), acyl-CoA synthetase-1 (ACS1), fatty acid binding protein-4 (FABP4), fatty acid transport protein-1 (FATP1) and perilipin. RM induced AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and increased glucose uptake by adipocytes. Conclusion Our study suggests that RM can control adipocyte differentiation and glucose uptake. The health benefits of ReishiMax warrant further clinical studies.
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Poudyal H, Panchal SK, Diwan V, Brown L. Omega-3 fatty acids and metabolic syndrome: effects and emerging mechanisms of action. Prog Lipid Res 2011; 50:372-87. [PMID: 21762726 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2011.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological, human, animal, and cell culture studies show that n-3 fatty acids, especially α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), reduce the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. EPA and DHA, rather than ALA, have been the focus of research on the n-3 fatty acids, probably due to the relatively inefficient conversion of ALA to EPA and DHA in rodents and humans. This review will assess our current understanding of the effects and potential mechanisms of actions of individual n-3 fatty acids on multiple risk factors of metabolic syndrome. Evidence for pharmacological responses and the mechanism of action of each of the n-3 fatty acid trio will be discussed for the major risk factors of metabolic syndrome, especially adiposity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and diabetes, hypertension, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Metabolism of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids as well as the interactions of n-3 fatty acids with nutrients, gene expression, and disease states will be addressed to provide a rationale for the use of n-3 fatty acids to reduce the risk factors of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Poudyal
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Qld 4072, Australia
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Warnke I, Goralczyk R, Fuhrer E, Schwager J. Dietary constituents reduce lipid accumulation in murine C3H10 T1/2 adipocytes: A novel fluorescent method to quantify fat droplets. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2011; 8:30. [PMID: 21569430 PMCID: PMC3117678 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-8-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adipocyte volume (fat accumulation) and cell number (adipogenesis) is increased in obese individuals. Our objective was the identification of dietary constituents with inhibitory effects on triglyceride formation during adipogenesis. Therefore an in vitro adipose cell assay in murine C3H10 T1/2 cells was developed, which enabled rapid quantification of intracellular fat droplet accumulation during adipocyte differentiation. Results were corroborated by expression levels of several specific adipogenic and lipogenic genes which are known to regulate triglyceride accumulation. Methods C3H10 T1/2 adipocyte differentiation was conducted with rosiglitazone in the presence of test compounds for 7 days. Accumulation of intracellular lipid droplets was measured using the Cellomics® ArrayScan® VTI HCS reader and SpotDetector® BioApplication from ThermoFisher. Fluorescent images were automatically acquired and analysed employing the fluorescent dyes BODIPY® 493/503 and Hoechst 33342, for staining neutral lipids and localisation of nuclei, respectively. The expression levels of adipogenic and lipogenic genes, such as PPARα and PPARγ, C/EBPα, aP2, adiponectin, LPL and HSL, CPT-1β, ACC1, Glut4 and FAS, were determined by quantitative RT-PCR. Dietary ingredients including PUFAs, carotenoids, polyphenols and catechins were tested for their effect on lipid accumulation. Results The ω-3 PUFAs docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), the carotenoid β-carotene and hydroxytyrosol exhibited the strongest inhibitory effects on the rosiglitazone-stimulated lipid formation. (all-E)-lycopene and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) showed a moderate inhibition, whereas resveratrol did not reduce fat droplet formation. Additionally, it was demonstrated that adipogenic and lipogenic gene expression was attenuated. DHA, β-carotene and hydroxytyrosol inhibited the gene expression of PPARγ, C/EBPα, aP2 and CPT-1β. Conclusion This in vitro assay in differentiating adipocytes enables automated detection and quantification of changes in lipid droplet number, size and intensity. The observed inhibitory effects of identified dietary constituents such as ω-3 PUFAs and β-carotene correlate with the modulation of genes involved in adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Warnke
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd,; Department of Human Nutrition and Health, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland.
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A novel single nucleotide polymorphism in exon 7 of LPL gene and its association with carcass traits and visceral fat deposition in yak (Bos grunniens) steers. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:669-73. [PMID: 21547365 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-0784-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is considered as a key enzyme in the lipid deposition and metabolism in tissues. It is assumed to be a major candidate gene for genetic markers in lipid deposition. Therefore, the polymorphisms of the LPL gene and associations with carcass traits and viscera fat content were examined in 398 individuals from five yak (Bos grunniens) breeds using PCR-SSCP analysis and DNA sequencing. A novel nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-C→T (nt19913) was identified located in exon 7 in the coding region of the LPL gene, which replacement was responsible for a Phe-to-Ser substitution at amino acid. Two alleles (A and B) and three genotypes designed as AA, AB and BB were detected in the PCR products. The frequencies of allele A were 0.7928, 0.7421, 0.7357, 0.6900 and 0.7083 for Tianzhu white yak (WY), Gannan yak (GY), Qinghai-Plateau yak (PY), Xinjiang yak (XY) and Datong yak (DY), respectively. The SNP loci was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in five yak populations (P>0.05). Polymorphism of LPL gene was shown to be associated with carcass traits and lipid deposition. Least squares analysis revealed that there was a significant effect on live-weight (LW) (P<0.01), average daily weight gain (ADG) and carcass weight (P<0.05). Individuals with genotype BB had lower mean values than those with genotype AA and AB for loin eye area and viscera fat weight (% of LW) in 25-36 months (P<0.05). The results indicated that LPL gene is a strong candidate gene that affects carcass traits and fat deposition in yak.
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Baile CA, Yang JY, Rayalam S, Hartzell DL, Lai CY, Andersen C, Della-Fera MA. Effect of resveratrol on fat mobilization. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2011; 1215:40-7. [PMID: 21261640 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05845.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Higher levels of body fat are associated with increased risk for development of numerous adverse health conditions. Phytochemicals are potential agents to inhibit differentiation of preadipocytes, stimulate lipolysis, and induce apoptosis of existing adipocytes, thereby reducing adipose tissue mass. Resveratrol decreased adipogenesis and viability in maturing preadipocytes; these effects were mediated not only through down-regulating adipocyte specific transcription factors and enzymes but also by genes that modulate mitochondrial function. Additionally, resveratrol increased lipolysis and reduced lipogenesis in mature adipocytes. In addition, combining resveratrol with other natural products produced synergistic activities from actions on multiple molecular targets in the adipocyte life cycle. Treatment of mice with resveratrol alone was shown to improve resistance to weight gain caused by a high-fat diet. Moreover, dietary supplementation of aged ovariectomized rats with a combination of resveratrol and vitamin D, quercetin, and genistein not only decreased weight gain but also inhibited bone loss. Combining several phytochemicals, including resveratrol, or using them as templates for synthesizing new drugs, provides a large potential for using phytochemicals to target adipocyte adipogenesis, apoptosis, and lipolysis.
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Han C, Wen X, Zheng Q, Li H. Effect of starvation on activities and mRNA expression of lipoprotein lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus x O. areus). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2011; 37:113-122. [PMID: 20706869 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-010-9423-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A 4-week study was conducted to determine the effect of starvation on activities and mRNA expression of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) in hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus x O. areus). The tissue samples were sampled once a week. Results showed that body weight (BW) and hepatosomatic index (HSI) were decreased significantly (P < 0.05) during starvation. The percentages of crude fat and crude protein in the whole body and the fat content in muscle decreased significantly (P < 0.05), while the rate of moisture and crude ash increased significantly (P < 0.05). The response of LPL, HSL activities and mRNA expression in tissues was tissue dependent. The activities of LPL and HSL in muscle at day 7 were elevated by 2.5 times (P < 0.05) and 11.8 times (P < 0.05) of the value at day 0, respectively, and both then decreased to pre-starvation levels at day 14 and finally stabilized at a certain level afterward. LPL and HSL mRNA abundance in muscle remained relatively stable between 0 and 14 day; then, a significant increase was seen after 14 days. In the liver, LPL activity maintained a significantly increasing trend during starvation, while HSL activity rose dramatically at day 7 of starvation by 2.35 times (P < 0.05) and finally stabilized at a certain level. The mRNA abundance of liver LPL increased significantly during the whole process of starvation (P < 0.05), whereas the mRNA abundance of liver HSL decreased significantly at day 7 of starvation, elevating significantly afterward (P < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Han
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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EFFECTS OF DIETARY LIPID LEVEL ON GROWTH AND LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE GENE EXPRESSION IN PELTEOBAGRUS VACHELLI. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1035.2010.00815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Li GG, Liang XF, Xie Q, Li G, Yu Y, Lai K. Gene structure, recombinant expression and functional characterization of grass carp leptin. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2010; 166:117-27. [PMID: 19857495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2009] [Revised: 10/11/2009] [Accepted: 10/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Leptin is an important hormone for the regulation of food intake, energy expenditure and reproduction in mammals, but information regarding its role in teleosts remains scant. In the present study, the gene structures of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) and silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) leptins were characterized. Recombinant grass carp leptin (rgc-LEP) was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified, and identified by mass spectrometric analysis. A strong anorexic effect on food intake was observed in grass carp on the first day after intraperitoneal (IP) injection of rgc-LEP, but not during the following days. Body weight of the leptin group (LEP group) and the pair-fed group (PF group) showed no difference throughout the experimental period. The acute and chronic effects on the expression of key genes correlating to food intake, energy expenditure, lipid metabolism and digestion were further characterized by real-time PCR. Accordingly, the mRNA levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY), Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) were significantly reduced whereas the mRNA levels of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), bile salt-activated lipase (BSAL) and fatty acid elongase (ELO) were significantly elevated on the first day after injection. No effect on the expression of these genes (except LPL) was observed on day 13. In contrast to the down-regulation by exogenous leptin in mammals, the mRNA level of grass carp leptin was elevated 5.76-fold on the first day after rgc-LEP treatment. Our results suggest that leptin has an acute effect on the regulation of food intake, energy expenditure and lipid metabolism in grass carp, but the effect can be rapidly counteracted through mechanisms that are currently unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Gui Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Tissue Distribution of Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL) and Regulation of LPL Gene Expression Induced by Insulin and Glucose in Goose Primary Hepatocytes. J Poult Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.009106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Lucia M, André JM, Gonzalez P, Baudrimont M, Bernadet MD, Gontier K, Maury-Brachet R, Guy G, Davail S. Effect of dietary cadmium on lipid metabolism and storage of aquatic bird Cairina moschata. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2010; 19:163-170. [PMID: 19685183 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-009-0401-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2009] [Accepted: 07/31/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In environment, birds often fast in connection with breeding, migration or drastic climatic conditions and need to mobilize lipid reserves during these periods. The impairment of lipid metabolism by cadmium (Cd; 1 mg kg(-1) added in diet) was investigated on palmiped Cairina moschata. Expression levels of genes involved in lipid metabolism, mitochondrial metabolism and detoxification were investigated in liver and muscle of ducks. Lipid content in muscle and liver were analysed and plasma triglycerides were quantified. After 20 days, ducks exposed to Cd displayed a lower body weight and lower lipid content in liver than controls. In muscle, the increase of lipid content was only significant for control ducks but not for exposed ducks. Exposed ducks appeared unable to sufficiently transport and store lipids into peripheral tissues. Cd impairs lipid metabolism by several ways. First, Cd triggered the down-regulation of fatty acids synthesis in liver even if the NADPH production and the mitochondrial metabolism are enhanced, suggesting a stronger energy needs. Secondly, the associated decrease of plasma triglycerides and lipoprotein lipase activity with Cd are consistent with impairment of lipids storage in peripheral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Lucia
- IPREM-EEM (Institut Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche sur l'Environnement et les Matériaux, Equipe Environnement et Microbiologie), UMR 5254, IUT des Pays de l'Adour, BP 201, 40004 Mont de Marsan Cedex, France.
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Hu Y, Davies GE. Berberine increases expression of GATA-2 and GATA-3 during inhibition of adipocyte differentiation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 16:864-873. [PMID: 19403287 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2008] [Revised: 01/26/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
It is known that a number of transcription factors are key regulators in the complex process of adipocyte differentiation including peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and the CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPalpha). Studies have demonstrated that in pre-adipocyte 3T3-L1 cells constitutive expression of the DNA binding proteins GATA-2 and GATA-3 results in protein/protein interactions with C/EBPalpha resulting in down regulation of PPARgamma and subsequent suppressed adipocyte differentiation with cells trapped at the pre-adipocyte stage. Thus it appears that GATA-2 and GATA-3 are of critical importance in regulating adipocyte differentiation through molecular interactions with PPARgamma and C/EBPalpha. Recent reports suggest that berberine, an isoquinoline derivative alkaloid isolated from many medicinal herbs prevents differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells via a down regulation of PPARgamma and C/EBPalpha expression. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of berberine on GATA-2 and 3 gene and protein expression levels during differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. MTT (Methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide) was used to detect the cytotoxic effects of berberine on the viability of 3T3-L1 cells during proliferation and differentiation. Differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells was monitored by Oil Red O staining and RT-PCR of PPARgamma and C/EBPalpha and the expression of GATA-2 and 3 was determined by RT-PCR and Western Blot. Results show that following treatment with 8microM berberine the mRNA and protein expression levels of GATA-2 and 3 were elevated and accompanied by inhibited adipocyte differentiation. These results may lead to the use of berberine to target the induction of specific genes such as GATA-2 and GATA-3 which affect adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
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Bower NI, Taylor RG, Johnston IA. Phasing of muscle gene expression with fasting-induced recovery growth in Atlantic salmon. Front Zool 2009; 6:18. [PMID: 19703292 PMCID: PMC2739525 DOI: 10.1186/1742-9994-6-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2009] [Accepted: 08/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many fish species experience long periods of fasting in nature often associated with seasonal reductions in water temperature and prey availability or spawning migrations. During periods of nutrient restriction, changes in metabolism occur to provide cellular energy via catabolic processes. Muscle is particularly affected by prolonged fasting as myofibrillar proteins act as a major energy source. To investigate the mechanisms of metabolic reorganisation with fasting and refeeding in a saltwater stage of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) we analysed the expression of genes involved in myogenesis, growth signalling, lipid biosynthesis and myofibrillar protein degradation and synthesis pathways using qPCR. RESULTS Hierarchical clustering of gene expression data revealed three clusters. The first cluster comprised genes involved in lipid metabolism and triacylglycerol synthesis (ALDOB, DGAT1 and LPL) which had peak expression 3-14d after refeeding. The second cluster comprised ADIPOQ, MLC2, IGF-I and TALDO1, with peak expression 14-32d after refeeding. Cluster III contained genes strongly down regulated as an initial response to feeding and included the ubiquitin ligases MuRF1 and MAFbx, myogenic regulatory factors and some metabolic genes. CONCLUSION Early responses to refeeding in fasted salmon included the synthesis of triacylglycerols and activation of the adipogenic differentiation program. Inhibition of MuRF1 and MAFbx respectively may result in decreased degradation and concomitant increased production of myofibrillar proteins. Both of these processes preceded any increase in expression of myogenic regulatory factors and IGF-I. These responses could be a necessary strategy for an animal adapted to long periods of food deprivation whereby energy reserves are replenished prior to the resumption of myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil I Bower
- Gatty Marine Laboratory, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 8LB, UK
| | | | - Ian A Johnston
- Gatty Marine Laboratory, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 8LB, UK
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Rayalam S, Yang JY, Ambati S, Della-Fera MA, Baile CA. Resveratrol induces apoptosis and inhibits adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Phytother Res 2008; 22:1367-71. [PMID: 18688788 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol, a phytoallexin, has recently been reported to slow aging by acting as a sirtuin activator. Resveratrol also has a wide range of pharmacological effects on adipocytes. In this study, we investigated the effects of resveratrol on adipogenesis and apoptosis using 3T3-L1 cells. In mature adipocytes, 100 and 200 microM resveratrol decreased cell viability dose-dependently by 23 +/- 2.7%, and 75.3 +/- 2.8% (p < 0.0001), respectively, after 48 h treatment, and 100 microM resveratrol increased apoptosis by 76 +/- 8.7% (p < 0.0001). Resveratrol at 25 and 50 microM decreased lipid accumulation in maturing preadipocytes significantly by 43 +/- 1.27% and 94.3 +/- 0.3% (p < 0.0001) and decreased cell viability by 25 +/- 1.3% and 70.4 +/- 1.6% (p < 0.0001), respectively. In order to understand the anti-adipogenic effects of resveratrol, maturing 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were treated with 25 microM resveratrol and the change in the expression of several adipogenic transcription factors and enzymes was investigated using real-time RT-PCR. Resveratrol down-regulated the expression of PPAR gamma, C/EBP alpha, SREBP-1c, FAS, HSL, LPL and up-regulated the expression of genes regulating mitochondrial activity (SIRT3, UCP1 and Mfn2). These results indicate that resveratrol may alter fat mass by directly affecting cell viability and adipogenesis in maturing preadipocytes and inducing apoptosis in adipocytes and thus may have applications for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srujana Rayalam
- Department of Animal & Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2771, USA
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Sundelacruz S, Levin M, Kaplan DL. Membrane potential controls adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. PLoS One 2008; 3:e3737. [PMID: 19011685 PMCID: PMC2581599 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2008] [Accepted: 10/28/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Control of stem cell behavior is a crucial aspect of developmental biology and regenerative medicine. While the functional role of electrophysiology in stem cell biology is poorly understood, it has become clear that endogenous ion flows represent a powerful set of signals by means of which cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration can be controlled in regeneration and embryonic morphogenesis. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We examined the membrane potential (V(mem)) changes exhibited by human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) undergoing adipogenic (AD) and osteogenic (OS) differentiation, and uncovered a characteristic hyperpolarization of differentiated cells versus undifferentiated cells. Reversal of the progressive polarization via pharmacological modulation of transmembrane potential revealed that depolarization of hMSCs prevents differentiation. In contrast, treatment with hyperpolarizing reagents upregulated osteogenic markers. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Taken together, these data suggest that the endogenous hyperpolarization is a functional determinant of hMSC differentiation and is a tractable control point for modulating stem cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Sundelacruz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michael Levin
- Biology Department, and Tufts Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Yang JY, Della-Fera MA, Rayalam S, Park HJ, Ambati S, Hausman DB, Hartzell DL, Baile CA. Regulation of adipogenesis by medium-chain fatty acids in the absence of hormonal cocktail. J Nutr Biochem 2008; 20:537-43. [PMID: 18789670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2008.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2008] [Revised: 05/27/2008] [Accepted: 05/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We report here that octanoate and decanoate, 8-carbon and 10-carbon medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA), decreased adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes when treated with standard hormonal cocktail, but increased adipogenesis in a dose-dependent manner (with decanoate being more effective) when treated with basal media. Addition of dexamethasone to basal medium with either octanoate or decanoate further increased adipogenesis. In order to understand the adipogenic effects of MCFA in the absence of standard hormonal cocktail, postconfluent 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were treated with octanoate or decanoate, and the change in the expression of several adipogenic transcription factors and enzymes was investigated using real-time RT-PCR. Octanoate and decanoate up-regulated the mRNA expression of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) alpha, fatty-acid-binding protein, sterol-regulatory element binding protein 1c, lipoprotein lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase, and the protein expression of PPARgamma and C/EBPalpha, with decanoate being more effective. Moreover, the PPARgamma antagonist GW9662 inhibited MCFA-induced lipid accumulation by about 50%. Decanoate and octanoate, to a lesser degree, increased lipid accumulation, which was associated with an increase in glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. These results show that octanoate and decanoate may stimulate differentiation of preadipocytes, at least in part, by their influence on the expression of PPARgamma and other adipocyte-specific factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Yeh Yang
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2771, USA
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Albalat A, Saera-Vila A, Capilla E, Gutiérrez J, Pérez-Sánchez J, Navarro I. Insulin regulation of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity and expression in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2007; 148:151-9. [PMID: 17600746 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2007.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2007] [Revised: 05/10/2007] [Accepted: 05/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a key enzyme in lipoprotein metabolism by virtue of its capacity to hydrolyze triglycerides circulating in the form of lipoprotein particles. Here we analyzed the fasting effects of LPL in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) and also present the first study in fish of the role of insulin as a potential modulator of both LPL activity and expression. Fasting for 2 weeks provoked a clear decrease in adipose tissue LPL activity, concomitant with lower levels of plasma insulin, while no effects were observed in red muscle. To elucidate the specific role of insulin, increases of plasma insulin were experimentally induced by arginine and insulin injections. However, arginine predominantly stimulated glucagon over insulin secretion in this fish species while LPL activity did not change significantly in adipose tissue. Instead, insulin administration induced an increase in adipose tissue LPL activity 3 h after the injection, whereas LPL activity in red muscle was not affected. Changes in LPL activity were accompanied by an increase in LPL mRNA levels in the adipose tissue of insulin-injected gilthead sea bream, although changes in LPL expression were delayed in time with respect to variations in LPL activity. Finally, LPL mRNA levels in red muscle were similar between control and insulin-injected gilthead sea bream, suggesting that insulin does not play a direct role in the regulation of LPL in this tissue. The current study shows that LPL activity is regulated by nutritional condition and underscores the importance of insulin as a modulator of LPL activity and expression in the adipose tissue of gilthead sea bream.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Albalat
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 645, Barcelona, E-0807, Spain
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Caballero MJ, Torstensen BE, Robaina L, Montero D, Izquierdo M. Vegetable oils affect the composition of lipoproteins in sea bream (Sparus aurata). Br J Nutr 2007; 96:830-9. [PMID: 17092370 DOI: 10.1017/bjn20061909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of the dietary fatty acid profile on the lipoprotein composition in sea bream fed different vegetable oils. Six experimental diets were formulated combining fish oil with three vegetable oils (soybean, rapeseed, linseed) in order to obtain 60–80 % (w/w) fish-oil replacement. VLDL, LDL and HDL in plasma samples were obtained by sequential centrifugal flotation. The lipid class, protein content and fatty acid composition of each lipoprotein fraction were analysed. HDL was the predominant lipoprotein in sea bream plasma containing the highest proportion of protein (34 %) and phosphatidylcholine. LDL presented a high content of cholesterol, whereas triacylglycerol comprised a larger proportion of VLDL. The lipid class of the lipoprotein fractions was affected by the dietary vegetable oils. Thus, a high dietary inclusion of soyabean and linseed oil (80 %) increased the cholesterol in HDL and LDL in comparison to fish oil. Similarly, the triacylglycerol concentration of VLDL was increased in fish fed 80 % soyabean and linseed oils owing to the lown-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid content of these diets. Lipoprotein fatty acid composition easily responded to dietary fatty acid composition. VLDL was the fraction more affected by dietary fatty acid, followed by LDL and HDL. Then-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid content increased in the order VLDL less than LDL and less than HDL, regardless of dietary vegetable oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria José Caballero
- Department of Comparative Pathology, Trasmontaña, s/n, 35416 Arucas, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain.
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Smith KR, Duckett SK, Azain MJ, Sonon RN, Pringle TD. The effect of anabolic implants on intramuscular lipid deposition in finished beef cattle. J Anim Sci 2007; 85:430-40. [PMID: 17235028 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2006-280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of anabolic implants on performance, changes in ultrasound measurements, carcass quality, cellularity of i.m. and s.c. adipose depots, and mRNA expression of acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), stearoyl CoA desaturase (SCD), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in i.m. adipose tissue of finished beef cattle. Angus heifers (experiment 1: n = 10; 411 kg of BW) and steers (experiment 2: n = 18; 279 kg of BW) were randomly allotted as control (C) or implanted with Synovex-Plus (SP) at d 0 and midway through the finishing period. The cattle were fed a high-concentrate diet and were weighed at approximately 28-d intervals. Heifers and steers were finished for 108 and 133 d, respectively. At slaughter, a section of the LM (sixth to ninth rib) was removed, and i.m. adipose tissue was dissected for mRNA analysis. Subcutaneous and i.m. adipose tissues also were collected for determination of cellularity. At 48 h postmortem, carcass data were collected, and a steak (12th rib) was removed for analysis of lipid and fatty acid composition. Body weight did not differ (P > 0.10) between treatments until after reimplanting of the heifers (d 55) or steers (d 73). Average daily gain was 36 and 16% faster (P < or = 0.01) for implanted heifers and steers, respectively, compared with their control counterparts. Implanting resulted in larger (P < or = 0.10) HCW and LM area for heifers and steers. However, implanting did not affect (P > 0.10) dressing percent, fat thickness, percentage of KPH, yield grade, or marbling score. Intramuscular lipid content and concentrations of major fatty acids did not differ (P > 0.10) between treatments. Percentage of SC adipocytes was greater at larger diameters ( > 150 microm), whereas the majority of i.m. adipocytes were at small to middle diameters (50 to 150 microm). The number of i.m. adipocytes per gram of tissue was greater (P < 0.05) for SP than C and also were greater (P < 0.05) than the number of s.c. adipocytes in SP heifers. In experiment 2, adipocytes per gram of tissue tended to be greater (P = 0.07) for SP than C and were greater (P < 0.01) for i.m. than s.c. In experiment 1, average cell diameter and volume did not differ (P > 0.10) between treatments and tissues, but in experiment 2 both cellularity traits were greater (P < 0.01) for s.c. than for i.m.. Implanting did not alter mRNA expression of ACC, SCD, or LPL in i.m. adipose tissue. This study shows that anabolic implants do not appear to have direct effects on i.m. lipid deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Smith
- The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2771, USA
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Casquero AC, Berti JA, Salerno AG, Bighetti EJB, Cazita PM, Ketelhuth DFJ, Gidlund M, Oliveira HCF. Atherosclerosis is enhanced by testosterone deficiency and attenuated by CETP expression in transgenic mice. J Lipid Res 2006; 47:1526-34. [PMID: 16603720 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m600135-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we investigated the impact of testosterone deficiency and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) expression on lipoprotein metabolism and diet-induced atherosclerosis. CETP transgenic mice and nontransgenic (nTg) littermates were studied 4 weeks after bilateral orchidectomy or sham operation. Castrated mice had an increase in the LDL fraction (+36% for CETP and +79% for nTg mice), whereas the HDL fraction was reduced (-30% for CETP and -11% for nTg mice). Castrated mice presented 1.7-fold higher titers of anti-oxidized LDL (Ox-LDL) antibodies than sham-operated controls. Plasma levels of CETP, lipoprotein lipase, and hepatic lipase were not changed by castration. Kinetic studies showed no differences in VLDL secretion rate, VLDL-LDL conversion rate, or number of LDL and HDL receptors. Competition experiments showed lower affinity of LDL from castrated mice for tissue receptors. Diet-induced atherosclerosis studies showed that testosterone deficiency increased by 100%, and CETP expression reduced by 44%, the size of aortic lesion area in castrated mice. In summary, testosterone deficiency increased plasma levels of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins (apoB-LPs) and anti-OxLDL antibodies, decreased LDL receptor affinity, and doubled the size of diet-induced atherosclerotic lesions. The expression of CETP led to a milder increase of apoB-LPs and reduced atherosclerotic lesion size in testosterone-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Casquero
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Albalat A, Sánchez-Gurmaches J, Gutiérrez J, Navarro I. Regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) tissues. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2006; 146:226-35. [PMID: 16457827 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2005.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2005] [Revised: 11/14/2005] [Accepted: 11/21/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is considered as a key enzyme in the lipid deposition and metabolism of many tissues. Information on LPL activity and its regulation in fish remains very scarce. In the present study, we have examined the nutritional regulation of LPL activity by conducting post-feeding and fasting experiments in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). As insulin plays an important role in the nutritional regulation of LPL activity in mammals, the effects of this hormone were tested in vivo by intraperitoneal administration. Moreover, we conducted in vitro studies using fat pads of rainbow trout to better clarify the direct role of insulin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) as possible regulators of LPL activity in rainbow trout. LPL activity in adipose tissue increased in response to feeding, 4h after ingestion of food, then decreasing to basal levels at 6h. No clear response was found in either red or white muscles, where LPL values were lower. Moreover, fasting produced a down-regulation of LPL activity in adipose tissue, concomitant with low levels of plasma insulin. While insulin administration stimulated LPL activity of adipose tissue 3h after injection, no response was observed in red or white muscles. Finally, in vitro studies using fat pads revealed that insulin significantly stimulated the proportion of LPL in active conformation at the extracellular level. On the other hand, TNFalpha did not greatly affect LPL activity using this in vitro model. These data indicate that LPL activity is regulated in a tissue-specific manner following food intake, and suggest that insulin is an important regulator of LPL activity in the adipose tissue of rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaya Albalat
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 645, Barcelona, Spain
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Yin R, Wang Y, Chen G, Lin W, Yang D, Pan S. Lipoprotein lipase gene polymorphism at the PvuII locus and serum lipid levels in Guangxi Hei Yi Zhuang and Han populations. Clin Chem Lab Med 2006; 44:1416-21. [PMID: 17163816 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2006.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractClin Chem Lab Med 2006;44:1416–21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixing Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, China.
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Niu YG, Hauton D, Evans RD. Utilization of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins by the working rat heart: routes of uptake and metabolic fates. J Physiol 2004; 558:225-37. [PMID: 15121801 PMCID: PMC1664916 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2004.061473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and chylomicrons (CMs) transport triacylglycerol (TAG) to peripheral tissues. Lipoprotein-TAG may gain access to target cells by lipoprotein lipase (LPL) hydrolysis or via receptor-mediated uptake; the principal routes of entry of VLDL and CM into heart are unknown, and different routes of entry may result in different metabolic fates. To examine this, isolated working rat hearts were perfused with rat VLDL and CMs, dual-labelled with [3H]TAG and [14C]cholesterol. Uptake and utilization of CM-TAG were significantly greater than VLDL-TAG, but both were decreased significantly (more than halved) by tetrahydrolipstatin (THL, an inhibitor of lipoprotein lipase). By contrast, uptake of VLDL-cholesterol was much higher than CM-cholesterol (P < 0.01), and suramin (a lipoprotein receptor antagonist) decreased cholesterol uptake of both forms. CM-TAG oxidation rate was more than 4-fold higher than VLDL-TAG oxidation. However, suramin decreased TAG oxidation from both VLDL and CM without affecting TAG uptake or total utilization, suggesting that the TAG gaining access through receptor-mediated pathways is preferentially 'channelled' towards oxidation. Most (79%) CM-TAG was oxidized whilst the proportion of VLDL-TAG oxidized was only about half (49%). In the presence of suramin, there was a significant increase in esterification (incorporation of assimilated [3H]TAG into myocardial tissue [3H]lipids, mainly TAG) of assimilated TAG from both VLDL and CMs, again suggesting that receptor-mediated TAG uptake is directed towards oxidation rather than esterification. The importance of this relatively small pool of TAG is indicated by the fact that cardiac mechanical function declined markedly when lipoprotein receptors were inhibited. These results suggest that CMs, most fatty acids of which gain access into cardiomyocytes through LPL-mediated hydrolysis, are the major supplier of TAG for hearts to oxidize; however, the metabolic fate of VLDL was split evenly between oxidation and deposition as myocardial tissue lipid. Most importantly, VLDL may play a regulatory role in heart lipid metabolism through a lipoprotein receptor-mediated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Guo Niu
- Nuffield Department of Anaesthetics, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Infirmary, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6HE, UK
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