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Cirovic A, Satarug S. Toxicity Tolerance in the Carcinogenesis of Environmental Cadmium. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1851. [PMID: 38339129 PMCID: PMC10855822 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental toxicant of worldwide public health significance. Diet is the main non-workplace Cd exposure source other than passive and active smoking. The intestinal absorption of Cd involves transporters for essential metals, notably iron and zinc. These transporters determine the Cd body burden because only a minuscule amount of Cd can be excreted each day. The International Agency for Research on Cancer listed Cd as a human lung carcinogen, but the current evidence suggests that the effects of Cd on cancer risk extend beyond the lung. A two-year bioassay demonstrated that Cd caused neoplasms in multiple tissues of mice. Also, several non-tumorigenic human cells transformed to malignant cells when they were exposed to a sublethal dose of Cd for a prolonged time. Cd does not directly damage DNA, but it influences gene expression through interactions with essential metals and various proteins. The present review highlights the epidemiological studies that connect an enhanced risk of various neoplastic diseases to chronic exposure to environmental Cd. Special emphasis is given to the impact of body iron stores on the absorption of Cd, and its implications for breast cancer prevention in highly susceptible groups of women. Resistance to cell death and other cancer phenotypes acquired during Cd-induced cancer cell transformation, under in vitro conditions, are briefly discussed. The potential role for the ZnT1 efflux transporter in the cellular acquisition of tolerance to Cd cytotoxicity is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Cirovic
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Soisungwan Satarug
- Kidney Disease Research Collaborative, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
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SALEM FE, YEHIA HM, KORANY SM, ALARJANI KM, AL-MASOUD AH, ELKHADRAGY MF. Neurotherapeutic effects of prodigiosin conjugated with silver-nanoparticles in rats exposed to cadmium chloride-induced neurotoxicity. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.97322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Dai SD, Wang S, Qin YN, Zhu JC. Multiomics Landscape Uncovers the Molecular Mechanism of the Malignant Evolution of Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells to Chronic Low Dose Cadmium Exposure. Front Oncol 2021; 11:654687. [PMID: 34858801 PMCID: PMC8631903 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.654687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) from cigarette smoke and polluted air can lead to lung adenocarcinoma after long-term inhalation. However, most studies are based on short-term exposure to this toxic metal at high concentrations. Here, we investigate the effects of long-term exposure of A549 cells (lung adenocarcinoma) to cadmium at low concentrations using morphological and multiomics analyses. First, we treated A549 cells continuously with CdCl2 at 1μM for 8 months and found that CdCl2 promoted cellular migration and invasion. After that, we applied transmission electron and fluorescence microscopies and did not observe significant morphological changes in Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, or mitochondria on Cd treated cells; microfilaments, in contrast, accumulated in lamellipodium and adhesion plaques, which suggested that Cd enhanced cellular activity. Second, by using whole-exome sequencing (WES) we detected 4222 unique SNPs in Cd-treated cells, which included 382 unique non-synonymous mutation sites. The corresponding mutated genes, after GO and KEGG enrichments, were involved mainly in cell adhesion, movement, and metabolic pathways. Third, by RNA-seq analysis, we showed that 1250 genes (784 up and 466 down), 1623 mRNAs (1023 up and 591 down), and 679 lncRNAs (375 up and 304 down) were expressed differently. Furthermore, GO enrichment of these RNA-seq results suggested that most differentially expressed genes were related to cell adhesion and organization of the extracellular matrix in biological process terms; KEGG enrichment revealed that the differentially expressed genes took part in 26 pathways, among which the metabolic pathway was the most significant. These findings could be important for unveiling mechanisms of Cd-related cancers and for developing cancer therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Dong Dai
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shenyang Red Cross Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Ya-Nan Qin
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Chao Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Xu F, Chen P, Li H, Qiao S, Wang J, Wang Y, Wang X, Wu B, Liu H, Wang C, Xu H. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the differential response to cadmium stress of two Pleurotus fungi: Pleurotus cornucopiae and Pleurotus ostreatus. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:125814. [PMID: 33866290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pleurotus has great potential for heavy metal mycoremediation. Using comparative transcriptome analysis, the response of Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus cornucopiae under Cd contamination was evaluated. P. ostreatus and P. cornucopia accumulated 0.34 and 0.46 mg/g Cd in mycelium, respectively. Cd removal elevated with its concentration elevation, which reached 56.47% and 54.60% for P. ostreatus and P. cornucopia with Cd at 20 mg/L. Low-level Cd (≤ 1 mg/L) had no significant influence on either fungus, while varied response was observed under high-level Cd. 705 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in P. cornucopia at Cd1 and Cd20, whereas 12,551 DEGs in P. ostreatus. Differentially regulated functional categories and pathways were also identified. ATP-binding cassette transporters were involved in Cd transport in P. cornucopia, whereas the endocytosis and phagosome pathways were more enhanced in P. ostreatus. 26 enzymes including peroxisomal enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase were upregulated in P. ostreatus, whereas only cytosolic catalase was overexpressed in P. cornucopia, suggesting their different Cd detoxification pathways. Also, the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway involved in Cd resistance in both species instead of glutathione metabolism, although more active in P. ostreatus. These findings provided new insight into the molecular mechanism of mycoremediation and accumulator screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Protection, Soil ecological protection and pollution control, Sichuan University & Department of Ecology and Environment of Sichuan, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Peng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Protection, Soil ecological protection and pollution control, Sichuan University & Department of Ecology and Environment of Sichuan, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Protection, Soil ecological protection and pollution control, Sichuan University & Department of Ecology and Environment of Sichuan, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Suyu Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Protection, Soil ecological protection and pollution control, Sichuan University & Department of Ecology and Environment of Sichuan, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Protection, Soil ecological protection and pollution control, Sichuan University & Department of Ecology and Environment of Sichuan, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xitong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Protection, Soil ecological protection and pollution control, Sichuan University & Department of Ecology and Environment of Sichuan, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Bohan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Protection, Soil ecological protection and pollution control, Sichuan University & Department of Ecology and Environment of Sichuan, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Huangkang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Protection, Soil ecological protection and pollution control, Sichuan University & Department of Ecology and Environment of Sichuan, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Can Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Heng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Protection, Soil ecological protection and pollution control, Sichuan University & Department of Ecology and Environment of Sichuan, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China.
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Luparello C. Cadmium-Associated Molecular Signatures in Cancer Cell Models. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2823. [PMID: 34198869 PMCID: PMC8201045 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The exposure of cancer cells to cadmium and its compounds is often associated with the development of more malignant phenotypes, thereby contributing to the acceleration of tumor progression. It is known that cadmium is a transcriptional regulator that induces molecular reprogramming, and therefore the study of differentially expressed genes has enabled the identification and classification of molecular signatures inherent in human neoplastic cells upon cadmium exposure as useful biomarkers that are potentially transferable to clinical research. This review recapitulates selected studies that report the detection of cadmium-associated signatures in breast, gastric, colon, liver, lung, and nasopharyngeal tumor cell models, as specifically demonstrated by individual gene or whole genome expression profiling. Where available, the molecular, biochemical, and/or physiological aspects associated with the targeted gene activation or silencing in the discussed cell models are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Luparello
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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Cheng D, Song Q, Ding Y, Yu Q, Liu Y, Tian X, Wang M, Wang G, Wang S. Comparative Study on the Protective Effect of Chlorogenic Acid and 3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl) Propionic Acid against Cadmium-Induced Erythrocyte Cytotoxicity: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:3859-3870. [PMID: 33570935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The metabolism of chlorogenic acid (CGA) through the intestinal tract was studied. As cadmium is a well-known toxic heavy metal, this study was carried out to investigate the comparative protective effect of CGA and its representative intestinal metabolite (3-(3-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid, HPPA) against Cd-induced erythrocyte cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. We found that CGA and its intestinal metabolite appreciably prevented erythrocyte hemolysis, osmotic fragility, and oxidative stress induced by Cd. Also, we found that HPPA had a stronger protective ability than CGA against Cd-induced erythrocyte injury in vivo, such as increasing the ratio of protein kinase C from 7.7% (CGA) to 12.0% (HPPA). Therefore, we hypothesized that CGA and its microbial metabolite had protective effects against Cd-induced erythrocyte damage via multiple actions including antioxidation and chelation. For humans, CGA supplementation may be favorable for avoiding Cd-induced biotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yixin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Qianqian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yutong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xuena Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, No. 9 Middle Road of Shuguanghuayuan, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Guangliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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7
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Yang W, Vuong AM, Xie C, Dietrich KN, Karagas MR, Lanphear BP, Braun JM, Yolton K, Chen A. Maternal cadmium exposure and neurobehavior in children: The HOME study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 186:109583. [PMID: 32668545 PMCID: PMC7368093 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear whether cadmium (Cd) exposure during fetal brain development is associated with child neurobehavior. OBJECTIVE To examine the potential associations between Cd exposure during pregnancy and neurobehavior among children. METHODS We used data from 276 children in the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study, a well-established prospective pregnancy and birth cohort. We measured maternal urinary Cd concentrations at 26 weeks of gestation. For cognitive function, we assessed Mental Development Index (MDI) and Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ) using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II, the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scales of Intelligence-III, or the Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children-IV at ages 1, 2, 3, 5, and 8 years. We assessed child behaviors using the Behavior Assessment System for Children-2 at ages 2, 3, 4, 5, and 8 years, yielding four composite measures: Externalizing Problems, Internalizing Problems, Behavioral Symptoms Index, and Adaptive Skills. We used linear mixed models with covariate adjustment to estimate the associations between maternal urinary Cd concentrations and child neurobehavior. RESULTS We categorized study participants into three groups based on maternal urinary Cd concentrations (Group 1: < limit of detection (LOD), Group 2: 0.06-0.22 μg/g creatinine, Group 3: >0.22 μg/g creatinine). In linear mixed models adjusting for maternal and child characteristics, maternal urinary Cd levels were not significantly associated with cognitive function at ages 1, 2, 3, 5, and 8 years or with behavioral composite measures at 2, 3, 4, 5, and 8 years. CONCLUSIONS No significant associations were observed between maternal urinary Cd and cognitive or behavioral measures in children at 1-8 years of age in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Yang
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ann M Vuong
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Nevada Las Vegas, School of Public Health, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Changchun Xie
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kim N Dietrich
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Margaret R Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA; Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Zhou YS, Zeng RX, Zhang MZ, Guo LH. Treatment of An Acute Severe Cadmium Poisoning Patient Combined with Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndromes by Integrated Chinese and Western Medicines: A Case Report. Chin J Integr Med 2020; 26:853-856. [PMID: 32318907 PMCID: PMC7222946 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-020-3089-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Shen Zhou
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Rui-Xiang Zeng
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Min-Zhou Zhang
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Li-Heng Guo
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China. .,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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9
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Moghaddam M, Mehdizadeh L, Sharifi Z. Macro- and microelement content and health risk assessment of heavy metals in various herbs of Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:12320-12331. [PMID: 31993898 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07789-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, element content and health risk of the most popular herbs from Iran were evaluated. The samples of raw materials from 30 different herbs were purchased from the local markets of Iran. The concentration levels of some elements including macroelements (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg), micronutrients (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Na), and heavy metals (Cd, Ni, and Pb) of studied herbs were evaluated. The potential of health risks was calculated by Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Target Hazard Quotient (THQ), and Hazard Index (HI). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to test a hypothesis about differences between the mean values. The highest levels of Ca (20,000 ± 26.3 mg/kg), Mg (9600 ± 45.4 mg/kg), N (59,955 ± 11.55 mg/kg), P (6544 ± 20 mg/kg), and K (56,563.2 ± 18 mg/kg) were found in Zataria multiflora, Malva sylvestris, Acasia arbus, Cannabis sativa, and Amomum subulatum, respectively. In addition, the highest concentration levels of Fe (987 ± 75.27 mg/kg), Zn (1187.5 ± 10 mg/kg), Cu (64.2 ± 2 mg/kg), Mn (272.3 ± 66.62 mg/kg), and Na (2658.8 ± 20.3 mg/kg) were recorded in Bunium persicum, Peganum harmala, Papaver somniferum, Alpinia officinalis, and Cuminum cyminum, respectively. Acasia arbus, Anethum graveolens, and Malva sylvestris showed the highest concentration of Ni (6.07 ± 0.04 mg/kg), Cd (1.64 ± 0.16 mg/kg), and Pb (9.27 ± 0.25 mg/kg). Based on performed health risk assessment on the studied plants, EDI, THQ, and HI values of all of them were less than 1. This study indicated that there were several harmful elements in the herbs. The healthier plant species are those with the least concentration of Pb, Ni, and Cd, which include Vitex agnus-custus and Teucrium polium. On the other hand, the toxic plants with a higher concentration of Pb, Ni, and Cd included Malva sylvestris, Acasia arbus, and Anethum graveolens. In addition, evaluation of human risk assessment is an important factor for investigating the concentration of heavy metals harmful for human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Moghaddam
- Department of Horticulture Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P.O. Box 91775-1163, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Leila Mehdizadeh
- Department of Horticulture Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P.O. Box 91775-1163, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Sharifi
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P.O. Box 91775-1163, Mashhad, Iran
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Forcella M, Lau P, Oldani M, Melchioretto P, Bogni A, Gribaldo L, Fusi P, Urani C. Neuronal specific and non-specific responses to cadmium possibly involved in neurodegeneration: A toxicogenomics study in a human neuronal cell model. Neurotoxicology 2020; 76:162-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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11
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Tanwar VS, Zhang X, Jagannathan L, Jose CC, Cuddapah S. Cadmium exposure upregulates SNAIL through miR-30 repression in human lung epithelial cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 373:1-9. [PMID: 30998937 PMCID: PMC6547378 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a known human lung carcinogen. In addition, Cd exposure is associated with several lung diseases including emphysema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and fibrosis. Although earlier studies have identified several processes dysregulated by Cd exposure, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we examined the transcriptome of lung epithelial cells exposed to Cd to understand the molecular basis of Cd-induced diseases. Computational analysis of the transcriptome predicted a significant number of Cd-upregulated genes to be targets of miR-30 family miRNAs. Experimental validation showed downregulation of all the miR-30 family members in Cd exposed cells. We found SNAIL, an EMT master regulator, to be the most upregulated among the miR-30 targets. Furthermore, we found decrease in the levels of epithelial marker E- cadherin (CDH1) and increase in the levels of mesenchymal markers, ZEB1 and vimentin. This suggested induction of EMT in Cd exposed cells. Luciferase reporter assays showed that miR-30 repressed SNAIL by directly targeting its 3' UTR. Over expression of miR-30e and transfection of miR-30e mimics reduced Cd-induced SNAIL upregulation. Our results suggest that miR-30 negatively regulates SNAIL in lung epithelial cells and that Cd-induced downregulation of miR-30 relieves this repression, resulting in SNAIL upregulation and EMT induction. EMT plays a major role in many diseases associated with Cd exposure including fibrosis, COPD, and cancer and metastasis. Therefore, our identification of miR-30 downregulation in Cd exposed cells and the consequent activation of SNAIL provides important mechanistic insights into lung diseases associated with Cd exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Singh Tanwar
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Xiaoru Zhang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Lakshmanan Jagannathan
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Cynthia C Jose
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Suresh Cuddapah
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA.
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12
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Protective effects of Fragaria ananassa methanolic extract in a rat model of cadmium chloride-induced neurotoxicity. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180861. [PMID: 30291211 PMCID: PMC6240722 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a common environmental toxicant that has harmful effects on plants, animals, and humans. The present study evaluated the protective effects of Fragaria ananassa methanolic extract (SME) on cadmium chloride (CdCl2)-induced neuronal toxicity in rats. Male albino rats were intraperitoneally (i.p) injected with CdCl2 (6.5 mg/kg) for 5 days with or without the SME (250 mg/kg). We measured the levels of Cd, lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitric oxide, glutathione (GSH), and oxidative enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase (GR) in the whole brain homogenate. Compared with the control group, the Cd-intoxicated group showed a marked increase in the brain levels of Cd, LPO, and nitric oxide and a decrease in the levels of GSH and all tested antioxidant enzymes. Compared with Cd-intoxicated rats, the rats pretreated with SME showed restoration of oxidative balance in the brain tissue. While the expression of brain SOD2, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, and GR was down-regulated in the Cd-treated group, the expression of these enzymes was up-regulated in rats pretreated with SME. In addition, administration of SME before CdCl2 increased the Bcl-2 expression, but significantly decreased the expression of Bax. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that compared with Cd-intoxicated rats, rats pretreated with SME showed a decrease in the protein expression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Our findings indicate that SME protects the brain tissue from Cd-induced neuronal toxicity by improving the antioxidant system and increasing antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Darbandi M, Darbandi S, Agarwal A, Sengupta P, Durairajanayagam D, Henkel R, Sadeghi MR. Reactive oxygen species and male reproductive hormones. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2018; 16:87. [PMID: 30205828 PMCID: PMC6134507 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-018-0406-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Reports of the increasing incidence of male infertility paired with decreasing semen quality have triggered studies on the effects of lifestyle and environmental factors on the male reproductive potential. There are numerous exogenous and endogenous factors that are able to induce excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) beyond that of cellular antioxidant capacity, thus causing oxidative stress. In turn, oxidative stress negatively affects male reproductive functions and may induce infertility either directly or indirectly by affecting the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and/or disrupting its crosstalk with other hormonal axes. This review discusses the important exogenous and endogenous factors leading to the generation of ROS in different parts of the male reproductive tract. It also highlights the negative impact of oxidative stress on the regulation and cross-talk between the reproductive hormones. It further describes the mechanism of ROS-induced derangement of male reproductive hormonal profiles that could ultimately lead to male infertility. An understanding of the disruptive effects of ROS on male reproductive hormones would encourage further investigations directed towards the prevention of ROS-mediated hormonal imbalances, which in turn could help in the management of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Darbandi
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Darbandi
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 USA
| | - Pallav Sengupta
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, MAHSA University, Jalan SP2, Bandar Saujana Putra, 42610 Jenjarom, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Damayanthi Durairajanayagam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Ralf Henkel
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, 7535 South Africa
| | - Mohammad Reza Sadeghi
- Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran
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Callegaro G, Forcella M, Melchioretto P, Frattini A, Gribaldo L, Fusi P, Fabbri M, Urani C. Toxicogenomics applied to in vitro Cell Transformation Assay reveals mechanisms of early response to cadmium. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 48:232-243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Shinkai Y, Masuda A, Akiyama M, Xian M, Kumagai Y. Cadmium-Mediated Activation of the HSP90/HSF1 Pathway Regulated by Reactive Persulfides/Polysulfides. Toxicol Sci 2017; 156:412-421. [PMID: 28115653 PMCID: PMC5412070 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium is an environmental electrophile that modifies reactive thiols in proteins, indicating that this heavy metal may modulate redox-signal transduction pathways. The current consensus is that reactive persulfides and polysulfides produced by cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) and cystathionine β-synthase are highly nucleophilic and thus cadmium may be captured by these reactive sulfur species. It has previously been found that electrophile-mediated covalent modifications of the heat shock protein (HSP) are involved in the activation of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) pathway. The effects of cadmium on the activation of HSP/HSF1 pathway were investigated in this study. Exposure of bovine aortic endothelial cells to cadmium resulted in modification of HSP90 and HSF1 activation, thereby up-regulating the downstream protein HSP70. The siRNA-mediated knockdown of HSF1 enhanced the cytotoxicity induced by cadmium, suggesting that the HSP90/HSF1 pathway contributes to protection against cadmium toxicity. The knockdown of CSE and/or cystathionine β-synthase decreased the levels of reactive sulfur species in the cells and increased the degree of HSP70 induction and cytotoxicity caused by exposure to cadmium. Overexpression of CSE diminished cadmium-mediated up-regulation of HSP70 and cytotoxicity. These results suggest that cadmium activates HSF1 by modifying HSP90 and that reactive sulfur species regulate the redox signal transduction pathway presumably via capture of cadmium, resulting in protection against cadmium toxicity under toxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Shinkai
- Environmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Akira Masuda
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | | | - Ming Xian
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164
| | - Yoshito Kumagai
- Environmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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Development of HSPA1A promoter-driven luciferase reporter gene assays in human cells for assessing the oxidative damage induced by silver nanoparticles. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 304:9-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Microbial and Heavy Metal Contaminant of Antidiabetic Herbal Preparations Formulated in Bangladesh. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:243593. [PMID: 26587044 PMCID: PMC4637483 DOI: 10.1155/2015/243593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to evaluate microbial contamination in terms of microbial load (total aerobic count and total coliform count) and specific pathogenic bacteria (Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, particularly Escherichia coli 0157) in thirteen antidiabetic herbal preparations (ADHPs) from Dhaka City. All the thirteen ADHPs had been found contaminated with fungi and different pathogenic bacteria. From the data, it is found that only two of these preparations (ADHP-1 and ADHP-12) complied with the safety limit (as stated in different Pharmacopoeias and WHO guidelines) evaluated by all different microbial counts. None of these herbal preparations could assure the safety as all of them were contaminated by fungi. The overall safety regarding heavy metal content (Zn, Cu, Mn, Cr, Cd, and Pb) was assured as none of them exceeded the safety limit of the daily intake. Microbial contaminants in these herbal preparations pose a potential risk for human health and care should be taken in every step involved in the preparation of these herbal preparations to assure safety.
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Jindal R, Verma S. In vivo genotoxicity and cytotoxicity assessment of cadmium chloride in peripheral erythrocytes of Labeo rohita (Hamilton). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 118:1-10. [PMID: 25890049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium chloride (CdCl2) induced genotoxicity and cytotoxicity has been assessed in the peripheral blood erythrocytes of freshwater fish Labeo rohita exposed to 0.37 and 0.62mg/L of CdCl2 in water for 100 days. The blood samples of the fish were collected at different intervals (days 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60 and 100) of exposure period to analyze DNA damage using comet assay and the occurrence of micronuclei and other cellular anomalies. The results of comet assay showed a significant increase in the mean percentage of tail DNA at both the concentrations. Exposure to CdCl2 also induced micronuclei in addition to many nuclear abnormalities such as nuclear bud, binucleates, lobed, notched and vacuolated nuclei. Cytoplasmic abnormalities like echinocytes, acanthocytes, notched, microcytes and cells with vacuolated cytoplasm were also observed. The metal exposed groups showed significant variation in the frequency of cellular abnormalities as well as the extent of DNA damage in comparison to controls. These frequencies increased significantly (p<0.05) in concentration dependent manner, peaking on 10th day while a decreasing trend was observed after 15 days of the exposure period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajinder Jindal
- Aquatic Biology Laboratory, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | - Sakshi Verma
- Aquatic Biology Laboratory, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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Modulatory effects of methanol extract of Artocarpus altilis (Moraceae) on cadmium-induced hepatic and renal toxicity in male Wistar rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 23:1-9. [PMID: 26905312 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental risk factor with an established toxicity in animals. Therefore, natural antioxidants may be protective against Cd-toxicity. The study was designed to investigate the modulatory effects of methanol extract of Artocarpus altilis (AA) on oxidant-antioxidant balance and lipid profile in liver and kidney of Cd-exposed rats while quercetin (QE) served as standard. METHODS Total phenolic content (TPC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryldydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of AA were assessed in vitro. In vivo, rats were orally treated with AA (200mg/kg) and QE (25mg/kg) daily for three weeks and challenged with two doses of Cd (1.5mg/kg, i.p.) in the last 72h. RESULTS The TPC and DPPH scavenging effects of AA were high and comparable with catechin. Cd-intoxication significantly (p<0.05) increased the activities of serum alanine aminotransferase and levels of urea, total bilirubin and creatinine by 94%, 60%, 234% and 76%, respectively. Cd-exposure caused a significant increase (p<0.05) in serum and tissues total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and reduction in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels. The levels of hepatic and renal antioxidant parameters: glutathione-s-transferase, superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione were significantly (p<0.05) decreased in Cd-intoxicated rats with concomitant elevation of lipid peroxidation. Histopathological findings revealed necrosis and distortion of architecture of renal tissue and, periportal infiltration in hepatocytes of Cd-intoxicated rats. Pretreatment with AA and QE restored antioxidant status, lipid profile and attenuated the lesions in the tissues. CONCLUSIONS Extract of A. altilis protects against Cd-induced liver and kidney dysfunction via antioxidant and radical scavenging activities.
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Olszowski T, Gutowska I, Baranowska-Bosiacka I, Piotrowska K, Korbecki J, Kurzawski M, Chlubek D. The Effect of Cadmium on COX-1 and COX-2 Gene, Protein Expression, and Enzymatic Activity in THP-1 Macrophages. Biol Trace Elem Res 2015; 165:135-44. [PMID: 25645360 PMCID: PMC4424267 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0234-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of cadmium in concentrations relevant to those detected in human serum on cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression at mRNA, protein, and enzyme activity levels in THP-1 macrophages. Macrophages were incubated with various cadmium chloride (CdCl2) solutions for 48 h at final concentrations of 5 nM, 20 nM, 200 nM, and 2 μM CdCl2. The mRNA expression and protein levels of COXs were analyzed with RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and stable metabolite of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) concentrations in culture media were determined using ELISA method. Our study demonstrates that cadmium at the highest tested concentrations modulates COX-1 and COX-2 at mRNA level in THP-1 macrophages; however, the lower tested cadmium concentrations appear to inhibit COX-1 protein expression. PGE2 and TXB2 production is not altered by all tested Cd concentrations; however, the significant stimulation of PGE2 and TXB2 production is observed when macrophages are exposed to both cadmium and COX-2 selective inhibitor, NS-398. The stimulatory effect of cadmium on COXs at mRNA level is not reflected at protein and enzymatic activity levels, suggesting the existence of some posttranscriptional, translational, and posttranslational events that result in silencing of those genes' expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Olszowski
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Av, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Izabela Gutowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 24 Str, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Av, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Piotrowska
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Av, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jan Korbecki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Av, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Mateusz Kurzawski
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Av, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Av, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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Xin L, Wang J, Fan G, Wu Y, Guo S. Activation of HSPA1A promoter by environmental pollutants: An early and rapid response to cellular damage. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 39:1027-1033. [PMID: 25863329 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We established the HepG2-luciferase cells containing a luciferase reporter gene regulated by human HSPA1A promoter. The screening of heat shock and three typical environmental toxicants revealed differences in their capacities to activate HSPA1A promoter in HepG2-luciferase cells. After heat shock, a progressive time-dependent increase in relative luciferase activity was detected peaking at 8h of recovery. Benzo[a]pyrene, formaldehyde and sodium bisulfite induced significant time-dependent elevation of relative luciferase activity, which were positively correlated with MDA concentration, Olive tail moment and micronuclei frequency. The significant increase in relative luciferase activity was already evident after 4h of benzo[a]pyrene, 1h of formaldehyde and sodium bisulfite exposure, when no increases in cellular damage were detected by other toxicity tests. Therefore, the HepG2-luciferase cells are useful model for examining the overall cellular responses to oxidative stress and genotoxic damage, and provide a reporter system for rapid and sensitive screening of environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Xin
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jianshu Wang
- Suzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, 72 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoqiang Fan
- Suzhou Industrial Park Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 58 Suqian Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanhu Wu
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sifan Guo
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
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22
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Nogueirol RC, Monteiro FA, Gratão PL, Borgo L, Azevedo RA. Tropical soils with high aluminum concentrations cause oxidative stress in two tomato genotypes. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:1. [PMID: 25647795 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-4167-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Tropical and subtropical soils are usually acidic and have high concentrations of aluminum (Al). Aluminum toxicity in plants is caused by the high affinity of the Al cation for cell walls, membranes, and metabolites. In this study, the response of the antioxidant-enzymatic system to Al was examined in two tomato genotypes: Solanum lycopersicum var. esculentum (Calabash Rouge) and Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme (CNPH 0082) grown in tropical soils with varying levels of Al. Plant growth; activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX), and glutathione reductase (GR) enzymes; stress-indicating compounds (malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide); and morphology (root length and surface area) were analyzed. Increased levels of Al in soils were correlated with reduced shoot and root biomass and with reduced root length and surface area. Calabash Rouge exhibited low Al concentrations and increased growth in soils with the highest levels of Al. Plants grown in soils with high availability of Al exhibited higher levels of stress indicators (MDA and hydrogen peroxide) and higher enzyme activity (CAT, APX, GPOX, and GR). Calabash Rouge absorbed less Al from soils than CNPH 0082, which suggests that the genotype may possess mechanisms for Al tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Corrêa Nogueirol
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba, 13418-900, Brazil
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Su L, Mruk DD, Cheng CY. Regulation of drug transporters in the testis by environmental toxicant cadmium, steroids and cytokines. SPERMATOGENESIS 2014; 2:285-293. [PMID: 23248770 PMCID: PMC3521751 DOI: 10.4161/spmg.22536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The blood-testis barrier (BTB) provides an efficient barrier to restrict paracellular and transcellular transport of substances, such as toxicants and drugs, limiting their entry to the testis to cause injury. This is achieved by the coordinated actions of efflux and influx transporters at the BTB, which are integral membrane proteins that interact with their substrates, such as drugs and toxicants. An efflux transporter (e.g., P-glycoprotein) can either restrict the entry of drugs/toxicants into the testis or actively pump drugs/toxicants out of Sertoli and/or germ cells if they have entered the seminiferous epithelium via influx pumps. This thus provides an effective mechanism to safeguard spermatogenesis. Using Sertoli cells cultured in vitro with an established tight junction (TJ)-permeability barrier which mimicked the BTB in vivo and treated with cadmium chloride (CdCl2), and also in adult rats (~300 g b.w.) treated with CdCl2 (3 mg/kg b.w., via i.p.) to induce testicular injury, cadmium was found to significantly downregulate the expression of efflux (e.g., P-glycoprotein, Mrp1, Abcg1) and influx (e.g., Oatp3, Slc15a1, Scl39a8) transporters. For instance, treatment of Sertoli cells with cadmium induced significant loss of P-glycoprotein and Oatp-3 at the cell-cell interface, which likely facilitated cadmium entry into the Sertoli cell. These findings illustrate that one of the mechanisms by which cadmium enters the testis is mediated by downregulating the expression of drug transporters at the BTB. Furthermore, cytokines and steroids were found to have differential effects in regulating the expression of drug transporters. Summary, the expression of drug transporters in the testis is regulated by toxicants, steroids and cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Su
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research; Center for Biomedical Research; Population Council; New York, NY USA
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Blum JL, Rosenblum LK, Grunig G, Beasley MB, Xiong JQ, Zelikoff JT. Short-term inhalation of cadmium oxide nanoparticles alters pulmonary dynamics associated with lung injury, inflammation, and repair in a mouse model. Inhal Toxicol 2014; 26:48-58. [PMID: 24417406 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2013.851746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cadmium oxide nanoparticles (CdO NPs) are employed in optoelectronic devices and as a starting material for generating quantum dots as well as for medical imaging and targeting of pharmaceutical agents to disease sites. However, there are lack of data concerning short- and long-term effects of CdO NPs on the lungs. OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of inhaled CdO NPs at an occupationally relevant concentration on pulmonary injury and repair, and on systemic immunity in adult male mice. METHODS Mice were exposed to 240 μg CdO NPs/m(3) for seven days (3 h/d) and lavage levels of pulmonary injury/inflammatory markers, bacterial uptake by circulating phagocytes, and lung histology examined either one or seven days following the final exposure. RESULTS Levels of total protein, lactate dehydrogenase activity, cytokine markers of inflammation (i.e. interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ), tissue remodeling matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and -9 activity, and phagocytic activity of circulating phagocytes were significantly increased one day after the final exposure. By seven days post-exposure, MMP-2 activity decreased to control levels, while MMP-9 activity remained significantly above control values, although dropping by about half from day one. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that short-term inhalation exposure to CdO NPs can stimulate pathways in the lungs associated with inflammation, cell injury, and tissue remodeling as well as alter immune function. Findings here demonstrate that even short-term inhalation exposure to CdO NPs in the workplace could lead to deleterious pulmonary effects in exposed workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason L Blum
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine , Tuxedo, NY , USA and
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25
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Pan C, Liu HD, Gong Z, Yu X, Hou XB, Xie DD, Zhu XB, Li HW, Tang JY, Xu YF, Yu JQ, Zhang LY, Fang H, Xiao KH, Chen YG, Wang JY, Pang Q, Chen W, Sun JP. Cadmium is a potent inhibitor of PPM phosphatases and targets the M1 binding site. Sci Rep 2014; 3:2333. [PMID: 23903585 PMCID: PMC3730172 DOI: 10.1038/srep02333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The heavy metal cadmium is a non-degradable pollutant. By screening the effects of a panel of metal ions on the phosphatase activity, we unexpectedly identified cadmium as a potent inhibitor of PPM1A and PPM1G. In contrast, low micromolar concentrations of cadmium did not inhibit PP1 or tyrosine phosphatases. Kinetic studies revealed that cadmium inhibits PPM phosphatases through the M1 metal ion binding site. In particular, the negative charged D441 in PPM1G specific recognized cadmium. Our results suggest that cadmium is likely a potent inhibitor of most PPM family members except for PHLPPs. Furthermore, we demonstrated that cadmium inhibits PPM1A-regulated MAPK signaling and PPM1G-regulated AKT signaling potently in vivo. Cadmium reversed PPM1A-induced cell cycle arrest and cadmium insensitive PPM1A mutant rescued cadmium induced cell death. Taken together, these findings provide a better understanding of the effects of the toxicity of cadmium in the contexts of human physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Pan
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
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Pytharopoulou S, Kournoutou GG, Leotsinidis M, Georgiou CD, Kalpaxis DL. Cadmium versus copper toxicity: insights from an integrated dissection of protein synthesis pathway in the digestive glands of mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2013; 260:263-71. [PMID: 23770617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of metal-mediated stress on the protein-synthesis pathway in mussels. To this end, mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) underwent a 15 days exposure to 100 μg/L Cu(2+) or Cd(2+). Both metals, in particular Cd(2+), accumulated in mussel digestive glands and generated a specific status of oxidative-stress. Exposure of mussels to each metal resulted in 40% decrease of the tRNA-aminoacylation efficiency, at the end of exposure. Cu(2+) also caused a progressive loss in the capability of 40S-ribosomal subunits to form 48S pre-initiation complex, which reached 34% of the control at the end of exposure. Other steps of translation underwent less pronounced, but measurable damages. Mussels exposed to Cd(2+) for 5 days presented a similar pattern of translational dysfunctions in digestive glands, but during the following days of exposure the ribosomal efficiency was gradually restored. Meanwhile, metallothionein levels significantly increased, suggesting that upon Cd(2+)-mediated stress the protein-synthesizing activity was reorganized both quantitatively and qualitatively. Conclusively, Cd(2+) and Cu(2+) affect translation at several levels. However, the pattern of translational responses differs, largely depending on the capability of each metal to affect cytotoxic pathways in the tissues, such as induction of antioxidant defense and specific repair mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pytharopoulou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
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Caspase-3 and RasGAP: a stress-sensing survival/demise switch. Trends Cell Biol 2013; 24:83-9. [PMID: 24007977 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The final decision on cell fate, survival versus cell death, relies on complex and tightly regulated checkpoint mechanisms. The caspase-3 protease is a predominant player in the execution of apoptosis. However, recent progress has shown that this protease paradoxically can also protect cells from death. Here, we discuss the underappreciated, protective, and prosurvival role of caspase-3 and detail the evidence showing that caspase-3, through differential processing of p120 Ras GTPase-activating protein (RasGAP), can modulate a given set of proteins to generate, depending on the intensity of the input signals, opposite outcomes (survival vs death).
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28
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Bernhoft RA. Cadmium toxicity and treatment. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:394652. [PMID: 23844395 PMCID: PMC3686085 DOI: 10.1155/2013/394652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium is a heavy metal of considerable toxicity with destructive impact on most organ systems. It is widely distributed in humans, the chief sources of contamination being cigarette smoke, welding, and contaminated food and beverages. Toxic impacts are discussed and appear to be proportional to body burden of cadmium. Detoxification of cadmium with EDTA and other chelators is possible and has been shown to be therapeutically beneficial in humans and animals when done using established protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin A Bernhoft
- Bernhoft Centers for Advanced Medicine, 11677 San Vicente Blvd, Suite 208/211, Los Angeles, CA 93023, USA.
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Martínez Flores K, Uribe Marín B, Souza Arroyo V, Bucio Ortiz L, López Reyes A, Gómez-Quiroz L, Rojas del Castillo E, Gutiérrez Ruiz M. Hepatocytes display a compensatory survival response against cadmium toxicity by a mechanism mediated by EGFR and Src. Toxicol In Vitro 2013; 27:1031-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2013.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Nair AR, DeGheselle O, Smeets K, Van Kerkhove E, Cuypers A. Cadmium-Induced Pathologies: Where Is the Oxidative Balance Lost (or Not)? Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:6116-43. [PMID: 23507750 PMCID: PMC3634456 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14036116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the years, anthropogenic factors have led to cadmium (Cd) accumulation in the environment causing various health problems in humans. Although Cd is not a Fenton-like metal, it induces oxidative stress in various animal models via indirect mechanisms. The degree of Cd-induced oxidative stress depends on the dose, duration and frequency of Cd exposure. Also the presence or absence of serum in experimental conditions, type of cells and their antioxidant capacity, as well as the speciation of Cd are important determinants. At the cellular level, the Cd-induced oxidative stress either leads to oxidative damage or activates signal transduction pathways to initiate defence responses. This balance is important on how different organ systems respond to Cd stress and ultimately define the pathological outcome. In this review, we highlight the Cd-induced oxidant/antioxidant status as well as the damage versus signalling scenario in relation to Cd toxicity. Emphasis is addressed to Cd-induced pathologies of major target organs, including a section on cell proliferation and carcinogenesis. Furthermore, attention is paid to Cd-induced oxidative stress in undifferentiated stem cells, which can provide information for future therapies in preventing Cd-induced pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambily Ravindran Nair
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, Diepenbeek 3590, Belgium; E-Mails: (A.R.N.); (O.D.); (K.S.); (E.V.K.)
| | | | | | - Emmy Van Kerkhove
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, Diepenbeek 3590, Belgium; E-Mails: (A.R.N.); (O.D.); (K.S.); (E.V.K.)
| | - Ann Cuypers
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, Diepenbeek 3590, Belgium; E-Mails: (A.R.N.); (O.D.); (K.S.); (E.V.K.)
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El Muayed M, Raja MR, Zhang X, MacRenaris KW, Bhatt S, Chen X, Urbanek M, O'Halloran TV, Lowe WL. Accumulation of cadmium in insulin-producing β cells. Islets 2012; 4:405-16. [PMID: 23466887 PMCID: PMC3605169 DOI: 10.4161/isl.23101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that chronic low level cadmium exposure impairs the function of insulin-producing β cells and may be associated with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Herein, we describe the cadmium content in primary human islets and define the uptake kinetics and effects of environmentally relevant cadmium concentrations in cultured β cells. The average cadmium content in islets from 10 non-diabetic human subjects was 29 ± 7 nmol/g protein (range 7 to 72 nmol/g protein). Exposure of the β-cell line MIN6 to CdCl 2 concentrations between 0.1 and 1.0 µmol/L resulted in a dose- and time-dependent uptake of cadmium over 72 h. This uptake resulted in an induction of metallthionein expression, likely enhancing cellular cadmium accumulation. Furthermore, cadmium accumulation resulted in an inhibition of glucose stimulated insulin secretion in MIN6 cells and primary mouse islets. Our results indicate that this impairment in β-cell function is not due to an increase in cell death or due to an increase in oxidative stress. We conclude that mouse β cells accumulate cadmium in a dose- and time-dependent manner over a prolonged time course at environmentally relevant concentrations. This uptake leads to a functional impairment of β-cell function without significant alterations in cell viability, expression of genes important for β-cell function or increase in oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malek El Muayed
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Krizkova S, Ryvolova M, Hrabeta J, Adam V, Stiborova M, Eckschlager T, Kizek R. Metallothioneins and zinc in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Drug Metab Rev 2012; 44:287-301. [PMID: 23050852 DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2012.725414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are involved in protection against oxidative stress (OS) and toxic metals and they participate in zinc metabolism and its homeostasis. Disturbing of zinc homeostasis can lead to formation of reactive oxygen species, which can result in OS causing alterations in immunity, aging, and civilization diseases, but also in cancer development. It is not surprising that altered zinc metabolism and expression of MTs are of great interest in the case of studying of oncogenesis and cancer prognosis. The role of MTs and zinc in cancer development is tightly connected, and the structure and function of MTs are strongly dependent on Zn²⁺ redox state and its binding to proteins. Antiapoptic effects of MTs and their interactions with proteins nuclear factor kappa B, protein kinase C, esophageal cancer-related gene, and p53 as well as the role of MTs in their proliferation, immunomodulation, enzyme activation, and interaction with nitric oxide are reviewed. Utilization of MTs in cancer diagnosis and therapy is summarized and their importance for chemoresistance is also mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sona Krizkova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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Xin L, Li X, Deng H, Kuang D, Dai X, Huang S, Wang F, He M, Currie RW, Wu T. Development of stable HSPA1A promoter-driven luciferase reporter HepG2 cells for assessing the toxicity of organic pollutants present in air. Cell Stress Chaperones 2012; 17:567-76. [PMID: 22367790 PMCID: PMC3535167 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-012-0332-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
HSPA1A (HSP70-1) is a highly inducible heat shock gene up-regulated in response to environmental stresses and pollutants. The aim of our study was to evaluate the sensitivity of the stable metabolically competent HepG2 cells containing a human HSPA1A promoter-driven luciferase reporter (HepG2-luciferase cells) for assessing the toxicity of organic pollutants present in air. The HepG2-luciferase cells were validated by heat shock treatment and testing three organic compounds (pyrene, benzo[a]pyrene, and formaldehyde) that are ubiquitous in the air. The maximal level of HSPA1A (HSP70-1) and relative luciferase activity induced by heat shock were over three and nine times the control level, respectively. Pyrene, benzo[a]pyrene, and formaldehyde all induced significantly elevated levels of relative luciferase activity in a dose-dependent manner. Extractable organic matter (EOM) from urban traffic and coke oven emissions in ambient air were tested on the HepG2-luciferase cells. The traffic EOM induced significant increase in relative luciferase activity at concentrations of picogram per liter. The coke oven EOM produced a strong dose-dependent induction of relative luciferase activity up to six times the control value. Significant increases in relative luciferase activity were observed at concentrations that were as low, or lower than the concentrations that the tested organic pollutants decreased cell viability, and increased malondialdehyde concentration, Olive tail moment, and micronuclei frequency. Therefore, we conclude that the HepG2-luciferase cells are a valuable tool for rapid screening of the overall toxicity of organic pollutants present in air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Xin
- />Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Xiaohai Li
- />Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Huaxin Deng
- />Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Dan Kuang
- />Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Xiayun Dai
- />Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Suli Huang
- />Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Feng Wang
- />School of Public Health and Primary Care, 4/F School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Meian He
- />Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - R. William Currie
- />Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Tangchun Wu
- />Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
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Effect of transfection with PLP2 antisense oligonucleotides on gene expression of cadmium-treated MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 405:1893-901. [PMID: 22729357 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6182-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that cadmium (Cd) is able to regulate gene expression, drastically affecting the pattern of transcriptional activity in human normal and pathological cells. We have already shown that exposure of MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells to 5 μM CdCl(2) for 96 h, apart from significantly affecting mitochondrial metabolism, induces modifications of the expression level of genes coding for members of stress response-, mitochondrial respiration-, MAP kinase-, NF-κB-, and apoptosis-related pathways. In the present study, we have expanded the knowledge on the biological effects of Cd-breast cancer cell interactions, indicating PLP2 (proteolipid protein-2) as a novel member of the list of Cd-upregulated genes by MDA-MB231 cancer cells and, through the application of transfection techniques with specific antisense oligonucleotides, we have demonstrated that such over-expression may be an upstream event to some of the changes of gene expression levels already observed in Cd-treated cells, thus unveiling new possible molecular relationship between PLP2 and genes linked to the stress and apoptotic responses.
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Zheng J, Zhang XX, Yu H, Taggart JE, Ding WQ. Zinc at cytotoxic concentrations affects posttranscriptional events of gene expression in cancer cells. Cell Physiol Biochem 2012; 29:181-8. [PMID: 22415087 DOI: 10.1159/000337599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc at cytotoxic concentrations has been shown to regulate gene transcription in cancer cells, though zinc's involvement in posttranscriptional regulation is less characterized. In this study, we investigated the involvement of cytotoxic zinc in the posttranscriptional steps of gene expression. Clioquinol, a well-established zinc ionophore, was used to raise intracellular zinc to reported cytotoxic levels. The MCF-7 human cancer cell line was applied as a cell model system. Several parameters were used as indictors of posttranscriptional regulation, including p-body formation, microRNA profiling, expression level of proteins known to regulate mRNA degradation, microRNA processing, and protein translation. p-body formation was observed in MCF-7 cells using several molecules known as p-body components. Clioquinol plus zinc enhanced p-body assembly in MCF-7 cells. This enhancement was zinc-specific and could be blocked by a high affinity zinc chelator. The enhancement does not seem to be due to a stress response, as paclitaxel, a commonly used chemotherapeutic, did not cause enhanced p-body formation at a highly cytotoxic concentration. microRNA profiling indicated that clioquinol plus zinc globally down-regulates microRNA expression in this model system, which is associated with the reduced expression of Dicer, an enzyme key to microRNA maturation, and Ago2, a protein essential for microRNA stability. This study demonstrates that ionophoric zinc can induce cytotoxicity in cancer cells by globally regulating posttranscriptional events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Michell AR. Cats, cations and hypertension. Vet Rec 2012; 170:122-3. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.e764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. R. Michell
- Formerly, Department of Biochemical Pharmacology; Harvey Research Institute; St Bartholomew's Hospital Medical School; Queen Mary College; London EC1M 6BQ UK
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Abstract
The blood-testis barrier (BTB) is one of the tightest blood-tissue barriers in the mammalian body. It divides the seminiferous epithelium into the basal and the apical (adluminal) compartments. Meiosis I and II, spermiogenesis, and spermiation all take place in a specialized microenvironment behind the BTB in the apical compartment, but spermatogonial renewal and differentiation and cell cycle progression up to the preleptotene spermatocyte stage take place outside of the BTB in the basal compartment of the epithelium. However, the BTB is not a static ultrastructure. Instead, it undergoes extensive restructuring during the seminiferous epithelial cycle of spermatogenesis at stage VIII to allow the transit of preleptotene spermatocytes at the BTB. Yet the immunological barrier conferred by the BTB cannot be compromised, even transiently, during the epithelial cycle to avoid the production of antibodies against meiotic and postmeiotic germ cells. Studies have demonstrated that some unlikely partners, namely adhesion protein complexes (e.g., occludin-ZO-1, N-cadherin-β-catenin, claudin-5-ZO-1), steroids (e.g., testosterone, estradiol-17β), nonreceptor protein kinases (e.g., focal adhesion kinase, c-Src, c-Yes), polarity proteins (e.g., PAR6, Cdc42, 14-3-3), endocytic vesicle proteins (e.g., clathrin, caveolin, dynamin 2), and actin regulatory proteins (e.g., Eps8, Arp2/3 complex), are working together, apparently under the overall influence of cytokines (e.g., transforming growth factor-β3, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1α). In short, a "new" BTB is created behind spermatocytes in transit while the "old" BTB above transiting cells undergoes timely degeneration, so that the immunological barrier can be maintained while spermatocytes are traversing the BTB. We also discuss recent findings regarding the molecular mechanisms by which environmental toxicants (e.g., cadmium, bisphenol A) induce testicular injury via their initial actions at the BTB to elicit subsequent damage to germ-cell adhesion, thereby leading to germ-cell loss, reduced sperm count, and male infertility or subfertility. Moreover, we also critically evaluate findings in the field regarding studies on drug transporters in the testis and discuss how these influx and efflux pumps regulate the entry of potential nonhormonal male contraceptives to the apical compartment to exert their effects. Collectively, these findings illustrate multiple potential targets are present at the BTB for innovative contraceptive development and for better delivery of drugs to alleviate toxicant-induced reproductive dysfunction in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Yan Cheng
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Luparello C, Longo A, Vetrano M. Exposure to cadmium chloride influences astrocyte-elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) expression in MDA-MB231 human breast cancer cells. Biochimie 2011; 94:207-13. [PMID: 22041583 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2011.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
It is known that cadmium (Cd) is able to regulate gene expression, drastically affecting the pattern of transcriptional activity and intracellular signalization in normal and pathological human cells. We have already shown that Cd exerts a cytotoxic effect on neoplastic MDA-MB231 cells from the human breast, which is characterized by the onset of a "non-classical" apoptotic kind of death, impairment of mitochondrial activity and drastic changes in gene expression pattern. In the present study, employing a combination of conventional and differential display-PCR techniques, immunocytochemical, ELISA and Western analyses, we extended the knowledge on the transcriptional modulation exerted by the metal demonstrating that in MDA-MB231 cells 5 μM CdCl(2) treatment for 96 h selectively down-regulates astrocyte-elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) and reduces the accumulation of its protein product which appears to be associated with the internal cytomembranes and also present in the nucleoplasm. In addition, due to the acknowledged role of AEG-1 in the intranuclear shuttling of NF-κB p65 subunit, we also showed that CdCl(2) treatment determines the decrease of p65 amount in nuclear extracts and the down-regulation of the NF-κB downstream genes c-fos and c-jun, thus providing a new contribution to the comprehension of the intracellular molecular mechanisms implicated in Cd-breast cancer cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Luparello
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari e Biomolecolari (STEMBIO), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90133 Palermo, Italy.
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Wong EWP, Cheng CY. Impacts of environmental toxicants on male reproductive dysfunction. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2011; 32:290-9. [PMID: 21324536 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Revised: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Male infertility caused by exposure to environmental toxicants such as cadmium, mercury, bisphenol A (BPA) and dioxin is a global problem, particularly in industrialized countries. Studies in the testis and other organs have illustrated the importance of environmental toxicant-induced oxidative stress in mediating disruption to cell junctions. This, in turn, is regulated by the activation of PI3K/c-Src/FAK and MAPK signaling pathways, with the involvement of polarity proteins. This leads to reproductive dysfunction such as reduced sperm count and reduced quality of semen. In this review, we discuss how these findings can improve understanding of the modes of action of environmental toxicants in testicular dysfunction. Thus, specific inhibitors and/or antagonists against signaling molecules in these pathways may be able to 'reverse' and/or 'block' the disruptive effects of toxicant-induced damage. Additional studies comparing high-level acute exposure versus low-level chronic exposure to environmental toxicants are also needed to fully elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism(s) by which these toxicants disrupt male reproductive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa W P Wong
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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