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Vallée A. Curcumin and Wnt/β‑catenin signaling in exudative age‑related macular degeneration (Review). Int J Mol Med 2022; 49:79. [PMID: 35445729 PMCID: PMC9083851 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is a natural product widely used due to its pharmacological effects. Nevertheless, only a limited number of studies concerning the effects of curcumin on exudative age‑related macular degeneration (AMD) is currently available. Since ophthalmic diseases, including exudative AMD, have a marked impact on public health, the prevention and therapy of ophthalmic disorders remain of increasing concern. Exudative AMD is characterized by choroidal neovascularization (CNV) invading the subretinal space, ultimately enhancing exudation and hemorrhaging. The exudative AMD subtype corresponds to 10 to 15% of cases of macular degeneration; however, the occurrence of this subtype has been reported as the major cause of vision loss and blindness, with the occurrence of CNV being responsible for 80% of the cases with vision loss. In CNV increased expression of VEGF has been observed, stimulated by the overactivation of Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway. The stimulation of the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway is responsible for the activation of several cellular mechanisms, simultaneously enhancing inflammation, oxidative stress and angiogenesis in numerous diseases, including ophthalmic disorders. Some studies have previously demonstrated the possible advantage of the use of curcumin for the inhibition of Wnt/β‑catenin signaling. In the present review article, the different mechanisms of curcumin are described concerning its effects on oxidative stress, inflammation and angiogenesis in exudative AMD, by interacting with Wnt/β‑catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Department of Epidemiology-Data-Biostatistics, Delegation of Clinical Research and Innovation (DRCI), Foch Hospital, 92150 Suresnes, France
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2
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Jalili-Nik M, Soukhtanloo M, Mojarrad M, Sadeghian MH, Mashkani B. Challenges of expressing recombinant human tissue factor as a secreted protein in Pichia pastoris. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 52:1001-1007. [PMID: 35133942 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2021.2023823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) is the core reagent in the prothrombin time (PT) assay. In this study, expression and α-factor mediated secretion of three forms of tissue factor (full-length TF (Full-TF), extracellular plus transmembrane domain (TED-TF), and only extracellular domain (ED-TF) were investigated in Pichia pastoris. The amino acid sequence of TF was obtained from the UniProt database, back-translated and codon-optimized for expression in Pichia pastoris. The Full-TF sequence was synthesized but the ED-TF, TED-TF coding fragments were extracted from the Full-TF by PCR. All the coding sequences were cloned into pPICZαA vector in-frame with the α-factor; and electroporated into KM71H. The culture supernatants and the cell lysates were analyzed using SDS-PAGE, dot-blotting, and Western-blotting for expression of TF. The Full-TF and TED-TF expression vector pPICZαA were successfully inserted into the KM71H, but the product was not detected in the SDS-PAGE analysis of the culture supernatant. However, ED-TF expression and secretion was verified by SDS-PAGE, dot blotting, and Western blotting. It seems that the TM domain in the Full-TF and TED-TF have an important role in impairing α-factor-mediated secretion of TF. Therefore, further investigation is necessary to overcome challenges of expressing Full-TF as a heterologous protein in P. pastoris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Jalili-Nik
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soukhtanloo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Mojarrad
- Department of Medical Genetics, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hadi Sadeghian
- Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Baratali Mashkani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Hao F, Liu Q, Zhang F, Du J, Dumire A, Xu X, Cui MZ. LPA 1-mediated PKD2 activation promotes LPA-induced tissue factor expression via the p38α and JNK2 MAPK pathways in smooth muscle cells. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101152. [PMID: 34478715 PMCID: PMC8502912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) is the principal initiator of blood coagulation and is necessary for thrombosis. We previously reported that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a potent bioactive lipid, highly induces TF expression at the transcriptional level in vascular smooth muscle cells. To date, however, the specific role of the LPA receptor is unknown, and the intracellular signaling pathways that lead to LPA induction of TF have been largely undetermined. In the current study, we found that LPA markedly induced protein kinase D (PKD) activation in mouse aortic smooth muscle cells (MASMCs). Small-interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of PKD2 blocked LPA-induced TF expression and activity, indicating that PKD2 is the key intracellular mediator of LPA signaling leading to the expression and cell surface activity of TF. Furthermore, our data reveal a novel finding that PKD2 mediates LPA-induced TF expression via the p38α and JNK2 MAPK signaling pathways, which are accompanied by the PKD-independent MEK1/2-ERK-JNK pathway. To identify the LPA receptor(s) responsible for LPA-induced TF expression, we isolated MASMCs from LPA receptor-knockout mice. Our results demonstrated that SMCs isolated from LPA receptor 1 (LPA1)-deficient mice completely lost responsiveness to LPA stimulation, which mediates induction of TF expression and activation of PKD and p38/JNK MAPK, indicating that LPA1 is responsible for PKD2-mediated activation of JNK2 and p38α. Taken together, our data reveal a new signaling mechanism in which the LPA1-PKD2 axis mediates LPA-induced TF expression via the p38α and JNK2 pathways. This finding provides new insights into LPA signaling, the PKD2 pathway, and the mechanisms of coagulation/atherothrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Hao
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Texas Permian Basin, Odessa, Texas, USA
| | - Qiwei Liu
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Texas Permian Basin, Odessa, Texas, USA; Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fuqiang Zhang
- Science and Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiaxin Du
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Texas Permian Basin, Odessa, Texas, USA
| | - Amanda Dumire
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Texas Permian Basin, Odessa, Texas, USA
| | - Xuemin Xu
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Texas Permian Basin, Odessa, Texas, USA
| | - Mei-Zhen Cui
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Texas Permian Basin, Odessa, Texas, USA.
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Biswas I, Khan GA. Coagulation Disorders in COVID-19: Role of Toll-like Receptors. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:823-828. [PMID: 33149655 PMCID: PMC7605922 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s271768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly throughout the world. The range of the disease is broad but among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 are coagulation disorders, pneumonia, respiratory failure, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The excess production of early response proinflammatory cytokines results in what has been described as a cytokine storm, leading to an increased risk of thrombosis, inflammations, vascular hyperpermeability, multi-organ failure, and eventually death over time. As the pandemic is spreading and the whole picture is not yet clear, we highlight the importance of coagulation disorders in COVID-19 infected subjects and summarize it. COVID-19 infection could induce coagulation disorders leading to clot formation as well as pulmonary embolism with detrimental effects in patient recovery and survival. Coagulation and inflammation are closely related. In this review, we try to establish an association between virus infections associated with innate immune activation, inflammation and coagulation activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Biswas
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK73104, USA
| | - Gausal A Khan
- Department of Physiology & Physiotherapy, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Fiji National University, Suva, Fiji Islands
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Bhagat S, Biswas I, Ahmed R, Khan GA. Hypoxia induced up-regulation of tissue factor is mediated through extracellular RNA activated Toll-like receptor 3-activated protein 1 signalling. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2020; 84:102459. [PMID: 32559654 PMCID: PMC7287429 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2020.102459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Sterile Inflammation (SI), a condition where damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released from dying cells, leads to TLR (Toll-like receptor) activation and triggers hypoxemia in circulation leading to venous thrombosis (VT) through tissue factor (TF) activation, but its importance under acute hypoxia (AH) remains unexplored. Thus, we hypothesized that eRNA released from dying cells under AH activates TF via the TLR3-ERK1/2-AP1 pathway, leading to VT. Animals were exposed to stimulate hypoxia for 0–24 h at standard temperature and humidity. RNaseA and DNase1 were injected immediately before exposure. TLR3 gene silencing was performed through in vivo injection of TLR3 siRNA. 80 μg/kg BW of isolated eRNA and eDNA were injected 6 h prior to sacrifice. Antigens of TF pathway were determined by ELISA and TF activity by a chromogenic assay. AH exposure significantly induced release of SI markers i.e. eRNA, eDNA, HMGB1 and upregulated TLR3, ERK1/2 (Extracellular signal-regulated kinases), AP1 (Activator Protein-1) and TF, whereas RNaseA pre-treatment diminished the effect of AH, thus inhibiting TF expression as well as activity during AH. Hence, we propose a possible mechanism of AH-induced TF activation and thrombosis where RNaseA can become the novel focal point in ameliorating therapy for AH induced thrombosis. Acute hypoxia exposure leads to systemic Sterile Inflammation. eRNA regulates upregulation of TF by activation of TLR3 pathway. RNase A pre-treatment ameliorates effect of acute hypoxia on coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Bhagat
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Indranil Biswas
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Rehan Ahmed
- Army Hospital Research and Referral, Delhi, India
| | - Gausal A Khan
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Timarpur, Delhi, India; Department of Physiology and Physiotherapy, CMNHS, Fiji National University, Suva, Fiji Islands.
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Plasma tissue factor and immune activation are associated with carotid intima-media thickness progression in treated HIV infection. AIDS 2020; 34:519-528. [PMID: 31634197 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We evaluated the roles of biomarkers of immune activation with carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) progression in treated HIV infection. DESIGN Longitudinal observational study of 118 treated and virologically suppressed individuals. METHODS We measured biomarkers of immune activation at baseline using cryopreserved samples. CIMT was measured at baseline and longitudinally using high-resolution ultrasound. Linear regression was used to estimate biomarker associations with CIMT progression, and logistic regression was used to model plaque progression. RESULTS The median duration of follow-up was 2.0 years. The median annual rate of change in mean CIMT was 6.0%. Rates of progression were more rapid in the bifurcation (5.6%/year, P = 0.006) and internal (6.5%/year, P = 0.0008) than common CIMT (4.3%/year). Incident plaque occurred in 13 of the 52 individuals without baseline plaque. In multivariable adjusted analysis, plasma tissue factor and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 were associated with more rapid common CIMT progression (0.058 mm/year, P = 0.0004 and 0.067 mm/year, P = 0.017; all estimates per doubling). CD8 T-cell count and percentage of HLA-DRCD38CD8 T cells were associated with more rapid internal CIMT progression (0.10 mm/year, P = 0.008 and 0.054 mm/year, P = 0.045). CD8 T-cell count was also associated with 0.068 mm/year more rapid mean CIMT progression (P = 0.011). Each 10% increase in CD4 T-cell count at baseline was associated with a 34% reduced odds of plaque progression (P = 0.018). CONCLUSION Residual immune activation and plasma tissue factor are independently associated with CIMT progression in treated HIV infection. Interventions targeting coagulation and inflammatory pathways to reduce cardiovascular disease risk in HIV merit additional investigations.
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Vallée A, Lecarpentier Y, Vallée R, Guillevin R, Vallée JN. Circadian Rhythms in Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration: The Key Role of the Canonical WNT/β-Catenin Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030820. [PMID: 32012797 PMCID: PMC7037737 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is considered as the main worldwide cause of blindness in elderly adults. Exudative AMD type represents 10 to 15% of macular degeneration cases, but is the main cause of vision loss and blindness. Circadian rhythm changes are associated with aging and could further accelerate it. However, the link between circadian rhythms and exudative AMD is not fully understood. Some evidence suggests that dysregulation of circadian functions could be manifestations of diseases or could be risk factors for the development of disease in elderly adults. Biological rhythms are complex systems interacting with the environment and control several physiological pathways. Recent findings have shown that the dysregulation of circadian rhythms is correlated with exudative AMD. One of the main pathways involved in exudative AMD is the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway. Circadian clocks have a main role in some tissues by driving the circadian expression of genes involved in physiological and metabolic functions. In exudative AMD, the increase of the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway is enhanced by the dysregulation of circadian rhythms. Exudative AMD progression is associated with major metabolic reprogramming, initiated by aberrant WNT/β-catenin pathway, of aerobic glycolysis. This review focuses on the interest of circadian rhythm dysregulation in exudative AMD through the aberrant upregulation of the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- DACTIM-MIS, Laboratory of Mathematics and Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, University of Poitiers, CHU de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l'Est Francilien (GHEF), 77100 Meaux, France
| | - Rodolphe Vallée
- University Hospital Group of Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, APHP, University of Paris-13 Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 93000 Paris, France
| | - Rémy Guillevin
- DACTIM-MIS, Laboratory of Mathematics and Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, University of Poitiers, CHU de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France
| | - Jean-Noël Vallée
- CHU Amiens Picardie, University of Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), 80000 Amiens, France
- Laboratory of Mathematics and Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, University of Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France
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Thomas AM, Gerogianni A, McAdam MB, Fløisand Y, Lau C, Espevik T, Nilsson PH, Mollnes TE, Barratt-Due A. Complement Component C5 and TLR Molecule CD14 Mediate Heme-Induced Thromboinflammation in Human Blood. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:1571-1578. [PMID: 31413105 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Heme is a critical danger molecule liberated from hemeproteins in various conditions, including from hemoglobin in hemolytic diseases. Heme may cause thromboinflammatory damage by activating inflammatory and hemostatic pathways, such as complement, the TLRs, coagulation, and platelets. In this study, we explored the effect of single and dual inhibition of complement component C5 and TLR coreceptor CD14 on heme-induced thromboinflammation in an ex vivo human whole blood model. Heme induced a dose-dependent activation of complement via the alternative pathway. Single inhibition of C5 by eculizumab attenuated the release of IL-6, IL-8, TNF, MCP-1, MIP-1α, IFN-γ, LTB-4, MMP-8 and -9, and IL-1Ra with more than 60% (p < 0.05 for all) reduced the upregulation of CD11b on granulocytes and monocytes by 59 and 40%, respectively (p < 0.05), and attenuated monocytic tissue factor expression by 33% (p < 0.001). Blocking CD14 attenuated IL-6 and TNF by more than 50% (p < 0.05). In contrast to single inhibition, combined C5 and CD14 was required for a significantly attenuated prothrombin cleavage (72%, p < 0.05). Markers of thromboinflammation were also quantified in two patients admitted to the hospital with sickle cell disease (SCD) crisis. Both SCD patients had pronounced hemolysis and depleted plasma hemopexin and haptoglobin. Plasma heme and complement activation was markedly increased in one patient, a coinciding observation as demonstrated ex vivo. In conclusion, heme-induced thromboinflammation was largely attenuated by C5 inhibition alone, with a beneficial effect of adding a CD14 inhibitor to attenuate prothrombin activation. Targeting C5 has the potential to reduce thromboinflammation in SCD crisis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anub M Thomas
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexandra Gerogianni
- Linnaeus Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, Linnaeus University, 391 82 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Martin B McAdam
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Yngvar Fløisand
- Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Corinna Lau
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, 8092 Bodo, Norway
| | - Terje Espevik
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Per H Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway.,Linnaeus Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, Linnaeus University, 391 82 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway.,Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, 8092 Bodo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Centre, University of Tromso, 9037 Tromso, Norway; and
| | - Andreas Barratt-Due
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; .,Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0027 Oslo, Norway
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9
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The Dynamics of the Skin's Immune System. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081811. [PMID: 31013709 PMCID: PMC6515324 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is a complex organ that has devised numerous strategies, such as physical, chemical, and microbiological barriers, to protect the host from external insults. In addition, the skin contains an intricate network of immune cells resident to the tissue, crucial for host defense as well as tissue homeostasis. In the event of an insult, the skin-resident immune cells are crucial not only for prevention of infection but also for tissue reconstruction. Deregulation of immune responses often leads to impaired healing and poor tissue restoration and function. In this review, we will discuss the defensive components of the skin and focus on the function of skin-resident immune cells in homeostasis and their role in wound healing.
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Hsieh KY, Wei CK, Wu CC. YC-1 Prevents Tumor-Associated Tissue Factor Expression and Procoagulant Activity in Hypoxic Conditions by Inhibiting p38/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020244. [PMID: 30634531 PMCID: PMC6359014 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) expressed in cancer cells has been linked to tumor-associated thrombosis, a major cause of mortality in malignancy. Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors and can upregulate TF. In this study, the effect of YC-1, a putative inhibitor of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), on hypoxia-induced TF expression was investigated in human lung cancer A549 cells. YC-1 selectively prevented hypoxia-induced TF expression and procoagulant activity without affecting the basal TF levels. Surprisingly, knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of HIF-1α failed to mimic YC-1′s effect on TF expression, suggesting other mechanisms are involved. NF-κB, a transcription factor for TF, and its upstream regulator p38, were activated by hypoxia exposure. Treatment of hypoxic A549 cells with YC-1 prevented the activation of both NF-κB and p38. Inhibition of p38 suppressed hypoxia-activated NF-κB, and inhibited TF expression and activity to similar levels as treatment with an NF-κB inhibitor. Furthermore, stimulation of p38 by anisomycin reversed the effects of YC-1. Taken together, our results suggest that YC-1 prevents hypoxia-induced TF in cancer cells by inhibiting the p38/NF-κB pathway, this is distinct from the conventional anticoagulants that systemically inhibit blood coagulation and may shed new light on approaches to treat tumor-associated thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan-Yen Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Kei Wei
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Chin-Chung Wu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Natural Product and Drug Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
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Zou XL, Wang GF, Li DD, Chen JX, Zhang CL, Yu YZ, Zhou WJ, Zou YP, Rao BQ. Protection of tight junction between RPE cells with tissue factor targeting peptide. Int J Ophthalmol 2018; 11:1594-1599. [PMID: 30364251 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2018.10.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of tissue factor targeting peptide (TF-TP) on retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells tight junctions. METHODS Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to measure the proliferation of ARPE-19 cells. Expression of tight junction, ZO-1 in ARPE-19 cells was measured by Western blot and immunofluorescent staining. Western blot was also used to detect the expression of tissue factor (TF). CEC Transmigration Assay was used to measure the migration of ARPE-19 cells. The transport of fluorescent markers [fluorescein isothiocyanate dextrans of 4, 10, 20 (FD4, FD10, FD20)] and the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) were used to measure in ARPE-19 cell. RESULTS CCK-8 assay showed that 5 µmol/L TF-TP can inhibit ARPE-19 cells abnormally proliferation stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS; P<0.05). LPS increased the transport of fluorescent markers (FD4, FD10, FD20) and decreased TEER levels in ARPE-19 cells, respectively, which were prevented by 5 µmol/L TF-TP pretreatment (P<0.05). Furthermore, LPS significantly up-regulated the expression of TF and downregulated the expression of ZO-1 (P<0.05) in ARPE-19 cell which was inhibited by the TF-TP (P<0.05). In addition, TF-TP inhibited the abnormal migration induced by LPS in ARPE-19 cell (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that TF-TP suppressed proliferation and migration of ARPE-19 cells induced by LPS, and maintained the RPE tight junctions through inhibition of TF expression and increased expression of ZO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Lan Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Guangzhou of PLA, Guangzhou 510010, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guan-Feng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dan-Dan Li
- Zhongshan Ophthalmology Center of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jing-Xia Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Guangzhou of PLA, Guangzhou 510010, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chun-Li Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Guangzhou of PLA, Guangzhou 510010, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yong-Zhen Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Guangzhou of PLA, Guangzhou 510010, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wen-Jie Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Guangzhou of PLA, Guangzhou 510010, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu-Ping Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Guangzhou of PLA, Guangzhou 510010, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ben-Qiang Rao
- General Surgery, Aviation General Hospital, Beijing 100012, China
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12
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van Vulpen LFD, Holstein K, Martinoli C. Joint disease in haemophilia: Pathophysiology, pain and imaging. Haemophilia 2018; 24 Suppl 6:44-49. [PMID: 29878659 DOI: 10.1111/hae.13449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Haemarthroses cause major morbidity in patients with haemophilia. Blood has devastating effects on all joint components, resulting in synovitis, osteochondral degeneration and ultimately end-stage haemophilic arthropathy. Key players in this process are iron and inflammation. Preventing joint bleeds is of utmost importance to maintain joint health as targeted therapies directed against blood-induced inflammation and iron-mediated processes are lacking. Joint bleeds result in acute pain as well as chronic pain due to synovitis or arthropathy. Acute pain originates from nociceptors activated by tissue damage. In chronic inflammation, central and peripheral sensitization of nociceptors might occur resulting in chronic pain. This also triggers a series of brain disorders such as emotional fear, anxiety, mood depression and impairment of cognitive functions. Treatment of haemophilia-related pain not only consists of analgesics, but also of exercise, education and in selected cases antidepressants and anticonvulsants. For objective assessment of joint structural outcome and detecting earlier changes of haemophilic arthropathy, both ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging have shown valuable. Both can be considered equally able to reveal signs of disease activity. MR imaging is able to visualize haemosiderin deposition and is more comprehensive in depicting osteochondral changes. Disadvantages of MR imaging are the duration of the examination, evaluation of a single joint at a time, costs and may require sedation, and it may need intraarticular contrast injection to depict initial osteochondral changes with accuracy. As such, US is a more useful screening tool and can be used for repeated follow-up examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F D van Vulpen
- Van Creveldkliniek University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - K Holstein
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Martinoli
- - DISSAL, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
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Vallée A, Lecarpentier Y, Guillevin R, Vallée JN. Aerobic Glycolysis Hypothesis Through WNT/Beta-Catenin Pathway in Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration. J Mol Neurosci 2017; 62:368-379. [PMID: 28689265 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-017-0947-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is characterized by molecular mechanisms responsible for the initiation of choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Inflammatory processes are associated with upregulation of the canonical WNT/beta-catenin pathway in exudative AMD. We focus this review on the link between WNT/beta-catenin pathway activation and neovascular progression in exudative AMD through activation of aerobic glycolysis for production of angiogenic factors. Increased WNT/beta-catenin pathway involves hexokinase 2 (HK2) and pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2). WNT/beta-catenin pathway stimulates PI3K/Akt pathway and then HIF-1alpha which activates glycolytic enzymes: glucose transporter (Glut), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1), lactate dehydrogenase A (LDH-A), and monocarboxylate lactate transporter (MCT-1). This phenomenon is called aerobic glycolysis or the Warburg effect. Consequently, phosphorylation of PDK-1 inhibits the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH). Thus, a large part of pyruvate cannot be converted into acetyl-CoA in mitochondria and only a part of acetyl-CoA can enter the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Cytosolic pyruvate is converted into lactate through the action of LDH-A. In exudative AMD, high level of cytosolic lactate is correlated with increase of VEGF expression, the angiogenic factor of CNV. Photoreceptors in retina cells can metabolize glucose through aerobic glycolysis to protect them against oxidative damage, as cancer cells do.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, INSERM U1084, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France.
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, Université de Poitiers, 11 Boulevard Marie et Pierre Curie, Poitiers, France.
| | | | - Rémy Guillevin
- DACTIM, Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications, Université de Poitiers et CHU de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7348, SP2MI Futuroscope, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, France
| | - Jean-Noël Vallée
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, Université de Poitiers, 11 Boulevard Marie et Pierre Curie, Poitiers, France
- CHU Amiens Picardie, Université Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Amiens, France
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van Vulpen LFD, Mastbergen SC, Lafeber FPJG, Schutgens REG. Differential effects of bleeds on the development of arthropathy - basic and applied issues. Haemophilia 2017; 23:521-527. [DOI: 10.1111/hae.13236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L. F. D. van Vulpen
- Van Creveldkliniek; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - S. C. Mastbergen
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - F. P. J. G. Lafeber
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - R. E. G. Schutgens
- Van Creveldkliniek; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
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15
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Noshiro S, Mikami T, Kataoka-Sasaki Y, Sasaki M, Ohnishi H, Ohtaki S, Wanibuchi M, Mikuni N, Kocsis JD, Honmou O. Co-expression of tissue factor and IL-6 in immature endothelial cells of cerebral cavernous malformations. J Clin Neurosci 2017; 37:83-90. [PMID: 28087183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2016.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are congenital abnormal clusters of capillaries that are prone to leaking and thought to result from a disorder of endothelial cells. The underlying pathology of CCM is not fully understood. We analyzed the expression of tissue factor (TF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in CCMs to determine the association of TF and IL-6 with clinical and pathological findings. Thirteen cases of operative specimens of sporadic CCMs were included in this study. The expression of messenger RNA of TF and IL-6 was assayed and the association with clinical factors was investigated. Then, the distribution of TF and IL-6 was examined with immunofluorescence. The mRNA expression of TF of CCMs was significantly higher than that of the control (p=0.017), and was correlated with the number of hemorrhage appearances (p=0.190, ρ=0.62). The mRNA expression level of IL-6 was significantly correlated with the mRNA expression level of TF (p=0.034, ρ=0.58). Examination of immunostained sections indicated that TF+ cells were also positive for IL-6, and distributed around normal endothelial cells. Moreover, the TF+/IL-6+ cells expressed CD31 and VEGFR2. The expressions of IL-6 and TF were correlated, and both were present in the same immature endothelial cells. TF is elevated in CCM and might mediate progressive events. These factors may play a prognostic role in CCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouhei Noshiro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takeshi Mikami
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Japan.
| | - Yuko Kataoka-Sasaki
- Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masanori Sasaki
- Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Neurology, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Hirofumi Ohnishi
- Department of Public Health, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shunya Ohtaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masahiko Wanibuchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Mikuni
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Jeffery D Kocsis
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Osamu Honmou
- Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Neurology, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
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Biological relevance of tissue factor and IL-6 in arteriovenous malformations. Neurosurg Rev 2016; 40:359-367. [PMID: 27542852 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-016-0780-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are congenital abnormal vessels that shunt blood directly from the arterial to the venous system without a capillary bed. The underlying pathology of AVMs is not fully understood. The objective of the study was to determine the association between the expression patterns of tissue factor (TF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in AVMs with clinical and pathological findings. Eighteen cases of sporadic AVM with operative specimens were included in this study. The expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) of TF and IL-6 was assayed, and association with clinical factors was investigated. The distribution of TF and IL-6 was examined with immunofluorescence. The mRNA expression of TF was significantly higher in AVM specimens than in control tissues (P = 0.002) and significantly higher in the symptomatic group than in the asymptomatic group (P = 0.037). The mRNA expression of IL-6 was likewise significantly higher in AVM specimens than in control tissues (P = 0.038). Examination of immunostained sections indicated that TF+ cells were also positive for IL-6 and were distributed around normal endothelial cells and pericytes. Moreover, TF+/IL-6+ cells also expressed CD31, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), and platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFR-beta). These results suggest that TF is elevated in AVMs and that it mediates symptomatic events. IL-6 is associated with the angiogenic activity of TF, and both are present in the same abnormal endothelial cells and pericytes. These factors may have interactive effects and may serve in a prognostic role for AVMs.
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Schatz F, Guzeloglu-Kayisli O, Arlier S, Kayisli UA, Lockwood CJ. The role of decidual cells in uterine hemostasis, menstruation, inflammation, adverse pregnancy outcomes and abnormal uterine bleeding. Hum Reprod Update 2016; 22:497-515. [PMID: 26912000 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmw004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human pregnancy requires robust hemostasis to prevent hemorrhage during extravillous trophoblast (EVT) invasion of the decidualized endometrium, modification of spiral arteries and post-partum processes. However, decidual hemorrhage (abruption) can occur throughout pregnancy from poorly transformed spiral arteries, causing fetal death or spontaneous preterm birth (PTB), or it can promote the aberrant placentation observed in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and pre-eclampsia; all leading causes of perinatal or maternal morbidity and mortality. In non-fertile cycles, the decidua undergoes controlled menstrual bleeding. Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) accompanying progestin-only, long-acting, reversible contraception (pLARC) accounts for most discontinuations of these safe and highly effective agents, thereby contributing to unwanted pregnancies and abortion. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of decidual cells in uterine hemostasis, menstruation, inflammation, adverse pregnancy outcomes and abnormal uterine bleeding. METHODS We conducted a critical review of the literature arising from PubMed searches up to December 2015, regarding in situ and in vitro expression and regulation of several specific proteins involved in uterine hemostasis in decidua and cycling endometrium. In addition, we discussed clinical and molecular mechanisms associated with pLARC-induced AUB and pregnancy complications with abruptions, chorioamnionitis or pre-eclampsia. RESULTS Progestin-induced decidualization of estradiol-primed human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs) increases in vivo and in vitro expression of tissue factor (TF) and type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) while inhibiting plasminogen activators (PAs), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and the vasoconstrictor, endothelin-1 (ET-1). These changes in decidual cell-derived regulators of hemostasis, fibrinolysis, extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover, and vascular tone prevent hemorrhage during EVT invasion and vascular remodeling. In non-fertile cycles, progesterone withdrawal reduces TF and PAI-1 while increasing PA, MMPs and ET-1, causing menstrual-associated bleeding, fibrinolysis, ECM degradation and ischemia. First trimester decidual hemorrhage elicits later adverse outcomes including pregnancy loss, pre-eclampsia, abruption, IUGR and PTB. Decidual hemorrhage generates excess thrombin that binds to decidual cell-expressed protease-activated receptors (PARs) to induce chemokines promoting shallow placentation; such bleeding later in pregnancy generates thrombin to down-regulate decidual cell progesterone receptors and up-regulate cytokines and MMPs linked to PTB. Endometria of pLARC users display ischemia-induced excess vasculogenesis and progestin inhibition of spiral artery vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration leading to dilated fragile vessels prone to bleeding. Moreover, aberrant TF-derived thrombin signaling also contributes to the pathogenesis of endometriosis via induction of angiogenesis, inflammation and cell survival. CONCLUSION Perivascular decidualized HESCs promote endometrial hemostasis during placentation yet facilitate menstruation through progestational regulation of hemostatic, proteolytic, and vasoactive proteins. Pathological endometrial hemorrhage elicits excess local thrombin generation, which contributes to pLARC associated AUB, endometriosis and adverse pregnancy outcomes through several biochemical mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick Schatz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Ozlem Guzeloglu-Kayisli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Sefa Arlier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Umit A Kayisli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Charles J Lockwood
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Arderiu G, Espinosa S, Peña E, Aledo R, Badimon L. PAR2-SMAD3 in microvascular endothelial cells is indispensable for vascular stability via tissue factor signaling. J Mol Cell Biol 2015; 8:255-70. [PMID: 26658897 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjv065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) signaling regulates gene expression and protein synthesis leading to the modulation of cell function. Recently, we have demonstrated in microvascular endothelial cells (mECs) that TF signaling induces activation of ETS1 transcription factor. Because combinatorial control is a characteristic property of ETS family members, involving the interaction between ETS1 and other transcription factors, here we investigate whether additional transcription factors are involved in TF-induced angiogenesis. We show by in vitro and in vivo experiments that in addition to ETS1, SMAD3 contributes to tube-like stabilization induced by TF in mECs. Whereas the ability of TF-overexpressing cells to induce gene expression through ETS1 is dependent on AKT signaling, SMAD3 induces ETS1 by an alternative AKT-independent pathway. Moreover, while TF-AKT-ETS1 pathway to induce CCL2 is PAR2-independent, PAR2 is required for TF-SMAD3-induced CCL2 expression. PAR2-dependent activation of SMAD3 is mediated by PKC phosphorylation. In addition, disruption of SMAD3 expression in mECs reduces ERK1/2 phosphorylation and decreases target gene promoter activity. In conclusion, in mECs TF-induced angiogenesis seems to be the result of two signaling pathways: TF-induced microvessel formation is regulated through β1 integrin-AKT-ETS1; and TF-induced microvessel stabilization is regulated via PAR2-SMAD3 that is indispensable for the maintenance of vascular integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Arderiu
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CSIC-ICCC), Hospital de Sant Pau (UAB) and IIB-Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Espinosa
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CSIC-ICCC), Hospital de Sant Pau (UAB) and IIB-Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Peña
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CSIC-ICCC), Hospital de Sant Pau (UAB) and IIB-Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Aledo
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CSIC-ICCC), Hospital de Sant Pau (UAB) and IIB-Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CSIC-ICCC), Hospital de Sant Pau (UAB) and IIB-Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
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Zhu W, Lu Q, Wan L, Feng J, Chen HW. Sodium tanshinone II A sulfonate ameliorates microcirculatory disturbance of small intestine by attenuating the production of reactie oxygen species in rats with sepsis. Chin J Integr Med 2015; 22:745-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s11655-015-2083-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Aissaoui H, Prévost C, Boucharaba A, Sanhadji K, Bordet JC, Négrier C, Boukerche H. MDA-9/syntenin is essential for factor VIIa-induced signaling, migration, and metastasis in melanoma cells. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:3333-48. [PMID: 25505176 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.606913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma differentiation associated gene-9 (MDA-9), also known as syntenin, is a novel gene that positively regulates cancer cell motility, invasion, and metastasis through distinct biochemical and signaling pathways, but how MDA-9/syntenin is regulated in response to signals with the extracellular environment and promotes tumor progression is unclear. We now demonstrate that MDA-9/syntenin is dramatically up-regulated by a combination of rFVIIa and factor F(X) in malignant melanoma. Induction of MDA-9/syntenin in melanoma was found to occur in a thrombin-independent signaling pathway and involves the PAR-1/c-Src/Rho GTPases Rac1 and Cdc42/c-Jun N-terminal kinase axis resulting in the activation of paxillin, NF-κB, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2). MDA-9/syntenin physically interacts with c-Src through its PDZ binding motif following stimulation of melanoma cells with rFVIIa and FX. We also document that induction of this signaling pathway is required for TF·FVIIa·Xa-induced cell migration, invasion, and metastasis by melanoma cells. The present finding uncovers a novel role of MDA-9/syntenin as an important TF·FVIIa·Xa/PAR-1-regulated gene that initiates a signaling circuit essential for cell motility and invasion of metastatic melanoma. In these contexts, targeting TF·FVIIa·Xa and its relevant downstream targets such as MDA-9/syntenin, may represent a novel therapeutic strategy to control the evolution of neoplastic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa Aissaoui
- From the EA 4174, Onco-Hematology Unit, University Claude Bernard, INSERM, Lyon 1, 69372 Lyon, France
| | - Célia Prévost
- From the EA 4174, Onco-Hematology Unit, University Claude Bernard, INSERM, Lyon 1, 69372 Lyon, France
| | - Ahmed Boucharaba
- the Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, and
| | - Kamel Sanhadji
- the Transplantation and Clinical Immunology Department, Edouart Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Claude Bordet
- From the EA 4174, Onco-Hematology Unit, University Claude Bernard, INSERM, Lyon 1, 69372 Lyon, France
| | - Claude Négrier
- From the EA 4174, Onco-Hematology Unit, University Claude Bernard, INSERM, Lyon 1, 69372 Lyon, France
| | - Habib Boukerche
- From the EA 4174, Onco-Hematology Unit, University Claude Bernard, INSERM, Lyon 1, 69372 Lyon, France,
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Chaterji S, Lam CH, Ho DS, Proske DC, Baker AB. Syndecan-1 regulates vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89824. [PMID: 24587062 PMCID: PMC3934950 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the role of syndecan-1 in modulating the phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells in the context of endogenous inflammatory factors and altered microenvironments that occur in disease or injury-induced vascular remodeling. METHODS AND RESULTS Vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) display a continuum of phenotypes that can be altered during vascular remodeling. While the syndecans have emerged as powerful and complex regulators of cell function, their role in controlling vSMC phenotype is unknown. Here, we isolated vSMCs from wild type (WT) and syndecan-1 knockout (S1KO) mice. Gene expression and western blotting studies indicated decreased levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), calponin, and other vSMC-specific differentiation markers in S1KO relative to WT cells. The spread area of the S1KO cells was found to be greater than WT cells, with a corresponding increase in focal adhesion formation, Src phosphorylation, and alterations in actin cytoskeletal arrangement. In addition, S1KO led to increased S6RP phosphorylation and decreased AKT and PKC-α phosphorylation. To examine whether these changes were present in vivo, isolated aortae from aged WT and S1KO mice were stained for calponin. Consistent with our in-vitro findings, the WT mice aortae stained higher for calponin relative to S1KO. When exposed to the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α, WT vSMCs had an 80% reduction in syndecan-1 expression. Further, with TNF-α, S1KO vSMCs produced increased pro-inflammatory cytokines relative to WT. Finally, inhibition of interactions between syndecan-1 and integrins αvβ3 and αvβ5 using the inhibitory peptide synstatin appeared to have similar effects on vSMCs as knocking out syndecan-1, with decreased expression of vSMC differentiation markers and increased expression of inflammatory cytokines, receptors, and osteopontin. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results support that syndecan-1 promotes vSMC differentiation and quiescence. Thus, the presence of syndecan-1 would have a protective effect against vSMC dedifferentiation and this activity is linked to interactions with integrins αvβ3 and αvβ5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somali Chaterji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Christoffer H. Lam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Derek S. Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Daniel C. Proske
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Aaron B. Baker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
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Xiong GM, Yuan S, Tan CK, Wang JK, Liu Y, Yang Tan TT, Tan NS, Choong C. Endothelial cell thrombogenicity is reduced by ATRP-mediated grafting of gelatin onto PCL surfaces. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:485-493. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb20760a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hellum M, Øvstebø R, Brusletto BS, Berg JP, Brandtzaeg P, Henriksson CE. Microparticle-associated tissue factor activity correlates with plasma levels of bacterial lipopolysaccharides in meningococcal septic shock. Thromb Res 2013; 133:507-14. [PMID: 24423888 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2013.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The plasma level of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) is associated with activation of the coagulation system, inhibition of fibrinolysis and the nature of the clinical presentation and outcome in patients with meningococcal disease. Tissue factor (TF)-bearing microparticles (MPs) appear to contribute to the pathogenesis of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between MP-associated TF activity and the level of bacterial LPS in plasma from patients with meningococcal septic shock and meningitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS MPs isolated from citrated plasmas were assessed for TF-dependent activity with both a plasma-based thrombin generation assay (CAT) and whole blood-based thromboelastometry (ROTEM). The LPS level was measured using a chromogenic Limulus amebocyte lysate assay. RESULTS MPs obtained from patients with meningococcal septic shock initiated significantly more efficient and TF-dependent thrombin generation in the CAT assay compared to MPs from patients with meningococcal meningitis. Differences in MP-associated TF activity between the septic shock patients and the meningitis patients were also evident when MPs were added to whole blood using ROTEM. The level of plasma LPS in patients with septic shock (range 2-2,100 EU/mL) was correlated with thrombogram parameters in the CAT assay; lagtime (r(s)=-0.84), time to peak (rs=-0.83), peak (r(s)=0.85) and ETP (r(s)=0.83). CONCLUSIONS MPs obtained from patients with meningococcal septic shock displayed more efficient TF-dependent thrombin generation and clot formation compared to MPs from meningitis patients. MP-associated TF activity was closely associated with plasma LPS levels in the septic shock group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit Hellum
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Blood Cell Research Group, Section for Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Norway.
| | - Reidun Øvstebø
- Blood Cell Research Group, Section for Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Berit S Brusletto
- Blood Cell Research Group, Section for Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Jens P Berg
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Blood Cell Research Group, Section for Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Petter Brandtzaeg
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Blood Cell Research Group, Section for Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Department of Pediatrics, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Carola E Henriksson
- Blood Cell Research Group, Section for Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Section for Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
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Barratt-Due A, Thorgersen EB, Egge K, Pischke S, Sokolov A, Hellerud BC, Lindstad JK, Pharo A, Bongoni AK, Rieben R, Nunn M, Scott H, Mollnes TE. Combined inhibition of complement C5 and CD14 markedly attenuates inflammation, thrombogenicity, and hemodynamic changes in porcine sepsis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:819-27. [PMID: 23761634 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Complement and the TLR family constitute two important branches of innate immunity. We previously showed attenuating effects on inflammation and thromogenicity by inhibiting the TLR coreceptor CD14 in porcine sepsis. In the present study, we explored the effect of the C5 and leukotriene B4 inhibitor Ornithodoros moubata complement inhibitor (OmCI; also known as coversin) alone and combined with anti-CD14 on the early inflammatory, hemostatic, and hemodynamic responses in porcine Escherichia coli-induced sepsis. Pigs were randomly allocated to negative controls (n = 6), positive controls (n = 8), intervention with OmCI (n = 8), or with OmCI and anti-CD14 (n = 8). OmCI ablated C5 activation and formation of the terminal complement complex and significantly decreased leukotriene B4 levels in septic pigs. Granulocyte tissue factor expression, formation of thrombin-antithrombin complexes (p < 0.001), and formation of TNF-α and IL-6 (p < 0.05) were efficiently inhibited by OmCI alone and abolished or strongly attenuated by the combination of OmCI and anti-CD14 (p < 0.001 for all). Additionally, the combined therapy attenuated the formation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (p < 0.05), IL-1β, and IL-8, increased the formation of IL-10, and abolished the expression of wCD11R3 (CD11b) and the fall in neutrophil cell count (p < 0.001 for all). Finally, OmCI combined with anti-CD14 delayed increases in heart rate by 60 min (p < 0.05) and mean pulmonary artery pressure by 30 min (p < 0.01). Ex vivo studies confirmed the additional effect of combining anti-CD14 with OmCI. In conclusion, upstream inhibition of the key innate immunity molecules, C5 and CD14, is a potential broad-acting treatment regimen in sepsis as it efficiently attenuated inflammation and thrombogenicity and delayed hemodynamic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Barratt-Due
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, National Hospital, University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
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Winckers K, ten Cate H, Hackeng TM. The role of tissue factor pathway inhibitor in atherosclerosis and arterial thrombosis. Blood Rev 2013; 27:119-32. [PMID: 23631910 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is the main inhibitor of tissue factor (TF)-mediated coagulation. In atherosclerotic plaques TFPI co-localizes with TF, where it is believed to play an important role in attenuating TF activity. Findings in animal models such as TFPI knockout models and gene transfer models are consistent on the role of TFPI in arterial thrombosis as they reveal an active role for TFPI in attenuating arterial thrombus formation. In addition, ample experimental evidence exists indicating that TFPI has inhibitory effects on both smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation, both which are recognized as important pathological features in atherosclerosis development. Nonetheless, the clinical relevance of these antithrombotic and atheroprotective effects remains unclear. Paradoxically, the majority of clinical studies find increased instead of decreased TFPI antigen and activity levels in atherothrombotic disease, particularly in atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD). Increased TFPI levels in cardiovascular disease might result from complex interactions with established cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypercholesterolemia, diabetes and smoking. Moreover, it is postulated that increased TFPI levels reflect either the amount of endothelial perturbation and platelet activation, or a compensatory mechanism for the increased procoagulant state observed in cardiovascular disease. In all, the prognostic value of plasma TFPI in cardiovascular disease remains to be established. The current review focuses on TFPI in clinical studies of asymptomatic and symptomatic atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease and ischemic stroke, and discusses potential atheroprotective actions of TFPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristien Winckers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, MUMC, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Sparkenbaugh E, Pawlinski R. Interplay between coagulation and vascular inflammation in sickle cell disease. Br J Haematol 2013; 162:3-14. [PMID: 23593937 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease is the most common inherited haematological disorder that leads to the irreversible damage of multiple organs. Although sickling of red blood cells and vaso-occlusion are central to the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease, the importance of haemolytic anaemia and vasculopathy has been recently recognized. A hypercoagulable state is another prominent feature of sickle cell disease and is mediated by activation of both intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways. Growing evidence demonstrates that coagulation may not only contribute to the thrombotic complications, but also to vascular inflammation associated with this disease. This article summarizes the role of vascular inflammation and coagulation activation, discusses potential mechanisms responsible for activation of coagulation and reviews recent data demonstrating the crosstalk between coagulation and vascular inflammation in sickle cell disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Sparkenbaugh
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) is abundantly present in atherosclerotic plaques and it is the primary source of TF that triggers the rapid activation of the coagulation cascade after plaque rupture. While much of this TF is associated with monocyte/macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells, recent studies suggests TF-positive microparticles (MPs) are the most abundant source in plaques. Further, while intravascular TF is largely absent in healthy patients, cardiovascular disease patients have increased TF expression in circulating monocytes, which can result in increased levels of TF-positive MPs. This brief review describes how TF is the primary initiator of atherothrombosis and how TF-positive MPs may serve as a biomarker to identify patients at greater risk of forming an occlusive thrombus. In addition, currently used therapeutics, such as statins and inhibitors of the renin angiotensin system, may have additional benefits by reducing TF expression and subsequent thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Phillip Owens
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 98 Manning Drive Campus Box 7035, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Kambas K, Mitroulis I, Ritis K. The emerging role of neutrophils in thrombosis-the journey of TF through NETs. Front Immunol 2012; 3:385. [PMID: 23264778 PMCID: PMC3524512 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of TF by neutrophils and their contribution in thrombosis was until recently a matter of scientific debate. Experimental data suggested the de novo TF production by neutrophils under inflammatory stimuli, while others proposed that these cells acquired microparticle-derived TF. Recent experimental evidence revealed the critical role of neutrophils in thrombotic events. Neutrophil derived TF has been implicated in this process in several human and animal models. Additionally, neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) release has emerged as a major contributor in neutrophil-driven thrombogenicity in disease models including sepsis, deep venous thrombosis, and malignancy. It is suggested that NETs provide the scaffold for fibrin deposition and platelet entrapment and subsequent activation. The recently reported autophagy-dependent extracellular delivery of TF in NETs further supports the involvement of neutrophils in thrombosis. Herein, we seek to review novel data regarding the role of neutrophils in thrombosis, emphasizing the implication of TF and NETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Kambas
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue factor (TF) and its signaling mediators play a crucial role in angiogenesis. We have previously shown that TF-induced endothelial cell (EC) CCL2 release contributes to neovessel formation. OBJECTIVE In this study, we have investigated the signaling pathways involved in TF-induced EC tube formation. METHODS The human microvascular endothelial cell line (HMEC-1) cultured onto basement membrane-like gel (Matrigel) was used to study TF signaling pathways during neovessels formation. RESULTS Inhibition of endogenous TF expression in ECs using siRNA resulted in inhibition of a stable tube-like structure formation in three-dimensional cultures, associated with a down-regulation of Akt activation, an increased phosphorylation of Raf at Ser(259) with a subsequent reduction of Raf kinase and a reduction of ERK1/2 phosphorylation ending up in Ets-1 transcription factor inhibition. Conversely, overexpression of TF resulted in an increase in tube formation and up-regulation of Akt protein. Moreover, immunoprecipitation of Akt and western blotting of the immunoprecipitates with anti-TF antibody revealed a direct interaction between TF and Akt. The effects of silencing TF were partially reversed by a PAR2 agonist that rescued tube formation, indicating that the TF-Akt pathway induces PAR2-independent effector signaling. Finally, enforced expression of Akt in TF-silenced ECs rescued tube formation in a Matrigel assay and induced Ets-1 phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS In EC, TF forms a complex with Akt activating Raf/ERK and Ets-1 signaling induces microvessel formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Arderiu
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CSIC-ICCC), Hospital de Sant Pau (UAB), IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona CiberOBN, Instituto de Salut Carlos III, Spain
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Basavaraj MG, Østerud B, Hansen JB. Influence of different anticoagulants on monocyte procoagulant functions and monocyte-platelet aggregates formation. J Thromb Haemost 2012; 10:1698-702. [PMID: 22712695 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2012.04821.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Microvesicles and exosomes: Opportunities for cell-derived membrane vesicles in drug delivery. J Control Release 2012; 161:635-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Basavaraj MG, Olsen JO, Østerud B, Hansen JB. Differential ability of tissue factor antibody clones on detection of tissue factor in blood cells and microparticles. Thromb Res 2012; 130:538-46. [PMID: 22728024 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tissue factor (TF), the primary initiator of coagulation in vivo, plays a major role in both thrombosis and hemostasis. The expression of TF in monocytes is well documented, but its presence in other blood cells has been disputed, possibly due to methodological variations among different studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied TF expression on platelets, monocytes, lymphocytes and microparticles (MPs) by flow cytometry (FCM) with five commercially available mouse anti-human TF antibodies (HTF-1, TF9-10H10, CLB/TF-5, VIC7 and VD8). The ability of different TF antibodies to inhibit cell surface TF activity was explored by incubating LPS-stimulated monocytes and MPs derived from LPS-stimulated monocytes (MMPs) with TF antibodies followed by measuring TF activity. RESULTS HTF-1 detected TF only on LPS-stimulated monocytes, whereas, TF9-10H10 and VD8 detected TF associated with MPs and MMPs in addition to LPS stimulated monocytes. Surprisingly, CLB/TF-5 and VIC7 detected TF on platelets, monocytes even under unstimulated conditions, in addition to MPs and MMPs. CLB/TF-5 also detected TF on unstimulated lymphocytes. Inhibitory studies showed that at a final concentration of 10 μg/mL, HTF-1, CLB/TF-5 and VD8 inhibited monocyte TF activity by 81-84% and MMP TF activity by 92-96%; whereas TF9-10H10 had no inhibitory effect on TF activity in monocytes and MMPs. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest non-specific binding by the CLB/TF-5 and VIC7 antibodies in a FCM test system and explain at least some of the reports on TF presence in blood cells, particularly TF associated with platelets and MPs. TF9-10H10 and VD8 are more suitable to detect TF on MPs by FCM.
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Biswas I, Garg I, Singh B, Khan GA. A key role of toll-like receptor 3 in tissue factor activation through extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 pathway in a murine hypoxia model. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2012; 49:92-101. [PMID: 22647506 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2012] [Revised: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxemia in the circulation can lead to venous thrombosis (VT) through tissue factor (TF) activation, but the mechanism of TF activation in hypoxia remains obscure. Ligands released from damaged tissues or cells due to hypoxia are identified by various pattern-recognition receptors (PRR), including Toll-like receptor3 (TLR3). In the present study, we investigated the mechanism of TF activation during acute hypoxia in a rat model. The expression of TLR3 and TF was analyzed by immunoblotting and RT-PCR. The TF activity was evaluated by two-stage chromogenic assay and fibrin deposition was detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression of TLR3, TF, and TF activity was increased significantly 6 h post acute hypoxia and then decreased gradually. The contribution of TLR3 in TF activation was investigated by poly I:C and TLR3 neutralizing antibody. We also found increased ERK phosphorylation both in acute hypoxia and poly I:C treatment. We further showed that the pre-treatment of TLR3 neutralizing antibody or ERK inhibitor (PD98059) 2 h prior to acute hypoxia or poly I:C treatment completely abrogated ERK phosphorylation and TF activation. The pre-treatment of TLR3 neutralizing antibody also inhibited fibrin deposition in lung vasculature. These data indicate that acute hypoxia induced TF activation is mediated through TLR3-ERK1/2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Biswas
- Hematology Group, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, India
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Dargaud Y, Simpson H, Chevalier Y, Scoazec JY, Hot A, Guyen O, Baglin T, Négrier C. The potential role of synovial thrombomodulin in the pathophysiology of joint bleeds in haemophilia. Haemophilia 2012; 18:818-23. [PMID: 22533488 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2516.2012.02809.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Haemophilic arthropathy (HA) is one of the main complications of recurrent bleeding episodes in patients with severe haemophilia. However, the precise reasons making joints the predilected site of bleeding in patients with haemophilia are not fully understood. The objective of this project was to study the potential effect of synovium-derived thrombomodulin (TM) on the pathophysiology of haemarthroses. The concentration of TM and tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) was measured in knee synovial fluid of patients with haemophilia and controls. We used these concentrations of TM and TFPI in a thrombin generation (TG) model to analyse their in vitro effects on coagulation in plasma of six male controls and six severe haemophiliacs. The expression of TM in synovial tissue was also studied in controls and haemophiliacs. Patients with HA had significantly higher synovial fluid TFPI and TM levels, with a mean of 47 ± 27 ng/mL (P = 0.033) and 56 ± 25 ng/mL (P = 0.031), respectively, compared to the control group which presented lower levels of synovial fluid TFPI (26 ± 9 ng/mL) and TM concentrations (39 ± 21 ng/mL). TG capacity was significantly reduced in the presence of TM 56 ng/mL (P = 0.02), concentration observed in the synovial fluid of patients with HA. The concomitant addition of TM 56 ng/mL and TFPI 47 ng/mL induced a highly significant inhibition of TG in the same samples (P = 0.008).No significant inhibition of TG capacity was observed in the presence of control synovial concentration of TM (P > 0.05). Our results showed increased TM levels in synovial fluid and dramatically impaired expression of TM on synovial cells, suggesting a massive release of TM into the synovial fluid induced by a concerted action of neutrophils and cytokines on synovial cells as previously described in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Dargaud
- Unité d'Hémostase Clinique, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France.
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Owens AP, Mackman N. Sources of tissue factor that contribute to thrombosis after rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque. Thromb Res 2012; 129 Suppl 2:S30-3. [PMID: 22444158 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2012.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia leads to the formation of oxidized LDL (oxLDL), vessel dysfunction, atherosclerotic disease, and ultimately to plaque rupture and thrombosis. OxLDL induces tissue factor (TF) expression in various cell types, including monocytes and macrophages. High levels of TF are present in atherosclerotic plaques and this represents that major source of TF that triggers thrombosis after plaque rupture. In addition, increased levels of "circulating TF" are observed in hyperlipidemic animals and patients. This is due to induced TF expression in monocytes and release of monocyte-derived, TF(+) microparticles, which represents a minor source of TF that likely contributes to thrombosis after plaques rupture. This review will summarize the connections between hyperlipidemia and TF expression within atherosclerotic plaques and circulating monocytes, as well as its inhibition by statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Phillip Owens
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 98 Manning Drive Campus Box 7035, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Abstract
Chronic, subacute decidual hemorrhage (ie, abruptio placenta and retrochorionic hematoma formation) is an important contributor to preterm parturition. Such hemorrhage induces thrombin from decidual tissue factor, which plays a pivotal role in the development of preterm premature rupture of membranes and preterm delivery by acting through protease-activated receptors to promote the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and matrix-degrading metalloproteinases. Severe, acute abruption can lead to maternal and fetal mortality. Current management of abruption is individualized based on severity of disease, underlying etiology, and gestational age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina S Han
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8063, USA.
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Mitroulis I, Kambas K, Anyfanti P, Doumas M, Ritis K. The multivalent activity of the tissue factor–thrombin pathway in thrombotic and non-thrombotic disorders as a target for therapeutic intervention. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2010; 15:75-89. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2011.532788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Owens AP, Mackman N. Tissue factor and thrombosis: The clot starts here. Thromb Haemost 2010; 104:432-9. [PMID: 20539911 PMCID: PMC3043984 DOI: 10.1160/th09-11-0771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2009] [Accepted: 03/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Thrombosis, or complications from thrombosis, currently occupies the top three positions in the cardiovascular causes of morbidity and mortality in the developed world. There are a limited number of safe and effective drugs to prevent and treat thrombosis. Animal models of thrombosis are necessary to better understand the complex components and interactions involved in the formation of a clot. Tissue factor (TF) is required for the initiation of blood coagulation and likely plays a key role in both arterial and venous thrombosis. Understanding the role of TF in thrombosis may permit the development of new antithrombotic drugs. This review will focus on the role of TF in in vivo models of thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Phillip Owens
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
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Politano A, Butcher M, Zeadin M, Gross P, Vaezzadeh N, Shaughnessy SG. Targeted Knockdown of Tissue Factor in B16F10 Melanoma Cells suppresses their Ability to Metastasize to Bone and cause cancellous Bone Loss. CANCER GROWTH AND METASTASIS 2010. [DOI: 10.4137/cgm.s5229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we use a well-defined mouse model to examine tissue factor's (TF) role in osteolytic bone metastasis. C57BL/6 mice received either mock siRNA-transfected or TF-specific siRNA-transfected B16F10 melanoma cells by left ventricular injection. A third group served as an age-matched control and did not receive any tumour cells. The effect on tumour burden and bone strength was then determined 14 days later by using bone histomorphometry and biomechanical testing. Based on histomorphometric analysis of the femurs, mice receiving TF-specific siRNA-transfected tumour cells had significantly reduced tumour burden as compared to those from mice that received mock siRNA-transfected tumour cells (2.20 ± 0.58% vs. 9.18 ± 2.20%). Furthermore, the femurs from mice receiving TF siRNA-transfected tumour cells displayed decreased osteoclast surface and consequently, increased cancellous bone volume and strength when compared to those isolated from mice that were injected with mock-transfected tumour cells. More importantly, no differences in osteoclast surface or cancellous bone volume and strength were observed when the femurs of mice that received TF siRNA-transfected tumour cells were compared to control mice that did not receive tumour cells. Based on these findings, we conclude that the expression of TF by tumour cells promotes their ability to metastasize to bone, thereby facilitating tumour cell—induced cancellous bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Politano
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University and the Thrombosis & Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin Butcher
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University and the Thrombosis & Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melec Zeadin
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University and the Thrombosis & Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Gross
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University and the Thrombosis & Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nima Vaezzadeh
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University and the Thrombosis & Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen G. Shaughnessy
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University and the Thrombosis & Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Ståhl AL, Sartz L, Nelsson A, Békássy ZD, Karpman D. Shiga toxin and lipopolysaccharide induce platelet-leukocyte aggregates and tissue factor release, a thrombotic mechanism in hemolytic uremic syndrome. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6990. [PMID: 19750223 PMCID: PMC2735777 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2009] [Accepted: 08/03/2009] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aggregates formed between leukocytes and platelets in the circulation lead to release of tissue factor (TF)-bearing microparticles contributing to a prothrombotic state. As enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) may cause hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), in which microthrombi cause tissue damage, this study investigated whether the interaction between blood cells and EHEC virulence factors Shiga toxin (Stx) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) led to release of TF. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The interaction between Stx or LPS and blood cells induced platelet-leukocyte aggregate formation and tissue factor (TF) release, as detected by flow cytometry in whole blood. O157LPS was more potent than other LPS serotypes. Aggregates formed mainly between monocytes and platelets and less so between neutrophils and platelets. Stimulated blood cells in complex expressed activation markers, and microparticles were released. Microparticles originated mainly from platelets and monocytes and expressed TF. TF-expressing microparticles, and functional TF in plasma, increased when blood cells were simultaneously exposed to the EHEC virulence factors and high shear stress. Stx and LPS in combination had a more pronounced effect on platelet-monocyte aggregate formation, and TF expression on these aggregates, than each virulence factor alone. Whole blood and plasma from HUS patients (n = 4) were analyzed. All patients had an increase in leukocyte-platelet aggregates, mainly between monocytes and platelets, on which TF was expressed during the acute phase of disease. Patients also exhibited an increase in microparticles, mainly originating from platelets and monocytes, bearing surface-bound TF, and functional TF was detected in their plasma. Blood cell aggregates, microparticles, and TF decreased upon recovery. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE By triggering TF release in the circulation, Stx and LPS can induce a prothrombotic state contributing to the pathogenesis of HUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-lie Ståhl
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lisa Sartz
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Nelsson
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Zivile D. Békássy
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Diana Karpman
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past century, a series of models have been put forth to explain the coagulation mechanism. The coagulation cascade/waterfall model has gained the most widespread acceptance. This model, however, has problems when it is used in different clinical scenarios. A more recently proposed cell-based model better describes the coagulation process in vivo and provides oral health care professionals (OHCPs) with a better understanding of the clinical implications of providing dental care to patients with potentially increased bleeding tendencies. METHODS The authors conducted a literature search using the PubMed database. They searched for key words including "coagulation," "hemostasis," "bleeding," "coagulation factors," "models," "prothrombin time," "activated partial thromboplastin time," "international normalized ratio," "anticoagulation therapy" and "hemophilia" separately and in combination. CONCLUSIONS The coagulation cascade/waterfall model is insufficient to explain coagulation in vivo, predict a patient's bleeding tendency, or correlate clinical outcomes with specific laboratory screening tests such as prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and international normalized ratio. However, the cell-based model of coagulation that reflects the in vivo process of coagulation provides insight into the clinical ramifications of treating dental patients with specific coagulation factor deficiencies. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Understanding the in vivo coagulation process will help OHCPs better predict a patient's bleeding tendency. In addition, applying the theoretical concept of the cell-based model of coagulation to commonly used laboratory screening tests for coagulation and bleeding will result in safer and more appropriate dental care.
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Van Ijzendoorn SC, Heemskerk JW, Reutelingsperger CP. Interactions between Endothelial Cells and Blood Platelets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/10623329509053385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Lockwood CJ, Krikun G, Hickey M, Huang SJ, Schatz F. Decidualized human endometrial stromal cells mediate hemostasis, angiogenesis, and abnormal uterine bleeding. Reprod Sci 2009; 16:162-70. [PMID: 19208784 DOI: 10.1177/1933719108325758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Factor VII binds trans-membrane tissue factor to initiate hemostasis by forming thrombin. Tissue factor expression is enhanced in decidualized human endometrial stromal cells during the luteal phase. Long-term progestin only contraceptives elicit: 1) abnormal uterine bleeding from fragile vessels at focal bleeding sites, 2) paradoxically high tissue factor expression at bleeding sites; 3) reduced endometrial blood flow promoting local hypoxia and enhancing reactive oxygen species levels; and 4) aberrant angiogenesis reflecting increased stromal cell-expressed vascular endothelial growth factor, decreased Angiopoietin-1 and increased endothelial cell-expressed Angiopoietin-2. Aberrantly high local vascular permeability enhances circulating factor VII to decidualized stromal cell-expressed tissue factor to generate excess thrombin. Hypoxia-thrombin interactions augment expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin-8 by stromal cells. Thrombin, vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin-8 synergistically augment angiogenesis in a milieu of reactive oxygen species-induced endothelial cell activation. The resulting enhanced vessel fragility promotes abnormal uterine bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Lockwood
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Minazzo AS, Darlington RC, Ross JBA. Loop dynamics of the extracellular domain of human tissue factor and activation of factor VIIa. Biophys J 2009; 96:681-92. [PMID: 19167313 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2008.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2008] [Accepted: 10/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the crystal structure of the complex between the soluble extracellular domain of tissue factor (sTF) and active-site-inhibited VIIa, residues 91 and 92 in the Pro(79)-Pro(92) loop of sTF interact with the catalytic domain of VIIa. It is not known, however, whether this loop has a role in allosteric activation of VIIa. Time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy measurements of probes covalently bound to sTF mutants E84C and T121C show that binding uninhibited Factor VIIa affects segmental motions in sTF. Glu(84) resides in the Pro(79)-Pro(92) loop, and Thr(121) resides in the turn between the first and second antiparallel beta-strands of the sTF subdomain that interacts with the Gla and EGF1 domains of VIIa; neither Glu(84) nor Thr(121) makes direct contact with VIIa. Probes bound to T121C report limited segmental flexibility in free sTF, which is lost after VIIa binding. Probes bound to E84C report substantial segmental flexibility in the Pro(79)-Pro(92) loop in free sTF, which is greatly reduced after VIIa binding. Thus, VIIa binding reduces dynamic motions in sTF. In particular, the decrease in the Pro(79)-Pro(92) loop motions indicates that loop entropy has a role in the thermodynamics of the protein-protein interactions involved in allosteric control of VIIa activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese S Minazzo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, The University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
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The FVIIa-tissue factor complex induces the expression of MMP7 in LOVO cells in vitro. Int J Colorectal Dis 2008; 23:971-8. [PMID: 18548257 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-008-0496-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2008] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The extracellular interactions of plasma clotting factor VIIa (FVIIa) with tissue factor (TF) on the cell surface trigger intracellular signaling events involved in multiple physiological processes. TF expression is related to the metastatic potential of tumor cells and is a significant risk factor in the development of hepatic metastases in patients with colorectal cancer. At present, it is unclear how the interaction between TF and FVIIa influences the development of metastasis in colon cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used a stable LOVO cell line derived from colorectal adenocarcinoma for our model Western blot analysis, Northern blot analysis, polymerase chain reaction, and RNA inference (RNAi), and the Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay System technology were utilized to determine if MMP7 can be up-regulated by the VIIa/TF complex. RESULTS Northern blot analysis confirmed that the plasma clotting factor FVIIa/TF complex resulted in a marked increase in MMP7 expression in a time- and dose-dependent manner via the p38 pathway in vitro. The proximal promoter of the human MMP7 gene was cloned into a luciferase reporter construction (MMP7.luc1592). Upon treatment with FVIIa, reporter activity in LOVO cells was increased by 2.5-fold. TF RNAi almost completely abolished FVIIa-mediated MMP7.luc induction. Deletion constructs from MMP7.luc1592 further defined an active promoter region. INTERPRETATION Taken together, these data provide evidence that expression of MMP7 in colon cancer may be regulated by FVIIa and TF at the transcriptional level. MMP7 may act as a downstream mediator of FVIIa/TF signal transduction to facilitate the development of metastasis in colon cancer.
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Shaw JLV, Diamandis EP. A potential role for tissue kallikrein-related peptidases in human cervico-vaginal physiology. Biol Chem 2008; 389:681-8. [PMID: 18627298 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2008.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Human tissue kallikrein-related peptidases (KLK) are a family of 15 genes located on chromosome 19q13.4 that encode secreted serine proteases with trypsin- and/or chymotrypsin-like activity. Relatively large levels of many KLKs are present in human cervico-vaginal fluid (CVF) and in the supernatant of cultured human vaginal epithelial cells. Many KLKs are also hormonally regulated in vaginal epithelial cells, particularly by glucocorticoids and estrogens. The physiological role of KLK in the vagina is currently unknown; however, analysis of the CVF proteome has revealed clues for potential KLK functions in this environment. Here, we detail potential roles for KLKs in cervico-vaginal physiology. First, we suggest that KLKs play a role in the vagina similar to their role in skin physiology: (1) in the desquamation of vaginal epithelial cells, similar to their activity in the desquamation of skin corneocytes; and (2) in their ability to activate antimicrobial proteins in CVF as they do in sweat. Consequently, we hypothesize that dysregulated KLK expression in the vagina could lead to the development of pathological conditions such as desquamative inflammatory vaginitis. Second, we propose that KLKs may play a role in premature rupture of membranes and pre-term birth through their cleavage of fetal membrane extracellular matrix proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie L V Shaw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 60 Murray Street, Toronto M5T 3L9, ON, Canada
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He Y, Chang G, Zhan S, Song X, Wang X, Luo Y. Soluble tissue factor has unique angiogenic activities that selectively promote migration and differentiation but not proliferation of endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 370:489-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.03.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2008] [Accepted: 03/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Lockwood CJ, Krikun G, Caze R, Rahman M, Buchwalder LF, Schatz F. Decidual Cell-expressed Tissue Factor in Human Pregnancy and Its Involvement in Hemostasis and Preeclampsia-related Angiogenesis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008; 1127:67-72. [DOI: 10.1196/annals.1434.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Barginear MF, Lesser M, Akerman ML, Strakhan M, Shapira I, Bradley T, Budman DR. Need for inferior vena cava filters in cancer patients: a surrogate marker for poor outcome. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2008; 15:263-9. [PMID: 18385149 DOI: 10.1177/1076029608315165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer patients have an increased incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Inferior vena cava (IVC) filters are used extensively in the US, and more than 40 000 are inserted annually. The impact on survival of cancer patients receiving IVC filters has not been studied. METHODS A retrospective study examined 206 consecutive cancer patients with VTE to compare the effects of IVC filter placement with anticoagulation (AC) therapy on overall survival (OS), as measured from the time of VTE. Patients were classified into 3 treatment groups: AC (n = 62), IVC filter (77), or combination IVC filter + AC (67). RESULTS Treatment groups did not differ with respect to age, sex, or albumin levels. Median OS was significantly greater in patients treated with AC (13 months) compared with those treated with IVC filters (2 months) or IVC + AC (3.25 months; P < .0002). IVC patients were 1.9 times more at risk of death than AC only (hazard ratio = .528; 95% confidence interval = .374 to .745). Multivariate analysis revealed that performance status and type of thrombus were not confounders and had no effect on OS. CONCLUSION The need for the insertion of an IVC filter projected markedly reduced survival. Patients requiring an IVC filter rather than AC as initial therapy face a 2-fold increase in risk of death. Whether or not this therapeutic procedure has a positive impact on outcome in cancer patients is uncertain. Complications resulting from thrombosis were also analyzed in this cohort. A prospective randomized trial at our institution is addressing this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myra F Barginear
- Don Monti Division of Oncology, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York, USA
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Snyder LA, Rudnick KA, Tawadros R, Volk A, Tam SH, Anderson GM, Bugelski PJ, Yang J. Expression of human tissue factor under the control of the mouse tissue factor promoter mediates normal hemostasis in knock-in mice. J Thromb Haemost 2008; 6:306-14. [PMID: 18005233 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2008.02833.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue factor (TF) is expressed widely at the subluminal surface of blood vessels and serves as the primary cellular initiator of the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation. Lack of TF in mice resulted in lethality in utero, but human TF (huTF) expressed at low levels from a human minigene rescued null mice from prenatal death. Although these low-TF expressing transgenic mice developed to term, they had a significantly shorter life span and exhibited hemorrhage and fibrosis in the heart. METHODS Human TF knock-in (TFKI) mice were generated by replacing the first two exons of the mouse (murine) TF (muTF) gene with the huTF complete coding sequence, thus placing it under the control of the endogenous muTF promoter. RESULTS Expression of huTF in the TFKI mice was similar to muTF in wild-type (wt) mice. The TFKI mice showed no microscopic evidence of spontaneous hemorrhage in the heart, nor cardiac fibrosis at up to 18 months of age. Immunohistochemistry showed that huTF was expressed in cells surrounding blood vessels in TFKI mice. Coagulation activity of brain homogenates from TFKI mice was comparable with that from wt brain. Cardiac hemorrhage similar to that of the low-TF transgenic mice occurred in the TFKI mice when huTF was blocked by a neutralizing anti-huTF monoclonal antibody. CONCLUSION We generated a transgenic mouse line that expresses huTF under the control of the endogenous muTF promoter at physiological levels. Our results suggest that huTF can fully reconstitute the murine coagulation system and mediate normal hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Snyder
- Oncology Discovery Research, Centocor R&D Inc., Radnor, PA 19087, USA.
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