1
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Wang Y, Pan R, Hu J. Impact of acute heat stress on mitochondrial function, ultrastructure and cardiolipin distribution in Arabidopsis. ABIOTECH 2024; 5:362-367. [PMID: 39279852 PMCID: PMC11399366 DOI: 10.1007/s42994-024-00151-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Besides providing energy to sustain life, mitochondria also play crucial roles in stress response and programmed cell death. The mitochondrial hallmark lipid, cardiolipin (CL), is essential to the maintenance of mitochondrial structure and function. However, how mitochondria and CL are involved in stress response is not as well defined in plants as in animal and yeast cells. We previously revealed a role for CL in mitochondrial fission and in heat stress response in Arabidopsis. To further determine the involvement of mitochondria and CL in plant heat response, here we treated Arabidopsis seedlings with varied lengths of acute heat stress. These treatments resulted in decreases in mitochondrial membrane potential, disruption of mitochondrial ultrastructure, accumulation of mitochondrial reactive-oxygen species (ROS), and redistribution of CL to the outer mitochondrial membrane and to a novel type of vesicle. The level of the observed changes correlated with the severeness of the heat stress, indicating the strong relevance of these processes to stress response. Our findings provide the basis for studying mechanisms underpinning the role of mitochondria and CL in plant stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukang Wang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Ronghui Pan
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Jianping Hu
- Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory and Plant Biology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
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2
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Nie Y, Chu C, Qin Q, Shen H, Wen L, Tang Y, Qu M. Lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in patients with Alzheimer's disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Brain Pathol 2024; 34:e13202. [PMID: 37619589 PMCID: PMC10711261 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism and oxidative stress are key mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The link between plasma lipid metabolites and oxidative stress in AD patients is poorly understood. This study was to identify markers that distinguish AD and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) from NC, and to reveal potential links between lipid metabolites and oxidative stress. We performed non-targeted lipid metabolism analysis of plasma from patients with AD, aMCI, and NC using LC-MS/MS. The plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were assessed. We found significant differences in lipid metabolism between patients with AD and aMCI compared to those in NC. AD severity is associated with lipid metabolites, especially TG (18:0_16:0_18:0) + NH4, TG (18:0_16:0_16:0) + NH4, LPC(16:1e)-CH3, and PE (20:0_20:4)-H. SPH (d16:0) + H, SPH (d18:1) + H, and SPH (d18:0) + H were high-performance markers to distinguish AD and aMCI from NC. The AUC of three SPHs combined to predict AD was 0.990, with specificity and sensitivity as 0.949 and 1, respectively; the AUC of three SPHs combined to predict aMCI was 0.934, with specificity and sensitivity as 0.900, 0.981, respectively. Plasma MDA concentrations were higher in the AD group than in the NC group (p = 0.003), whereas plasma SOD levels were lower in the AD (p < 0.001) and aMCI (p = 0.045) groups than in NC, and GSH-Px activity were higher in the AD group than in the aMCI group (p = 0.007). In addition, lipid metabolites and oxidative stress are widely associated. In conclusion, this study distinguished serum lipid metabolism in AD, aMCI, and NC subjects, highlighting that the three SPHs can distinguish AD and aMCI from NC. Additionally, AD patients showed elevated oxidative stress, and there are complex interactions between lipid metabolites and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Nie
- Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Changbiao Chu
- Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Qi Qin
- Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Huixin Shen
- Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Lulu Wen
- Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Miao Qu
- Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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3
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Hussain S, Saadi S, Hassan W. Comment on "The effects of mercury exposure on Amazonian fishes: An investigation of potential biomarkers". CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 328:138564. [PMID: 37019409 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saddam Hussain
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Sheikh Saadi
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Waseem Hassan
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
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Xia Q, Chen J, Dong H. Effects of Organic Ligands on the Antibacterial Activity of Reduced Iron-Containing Clay Minerals: Higher Extracellular Hydroxyl Radical Production Yet Lower Bactericidal Activity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:6888-6897. [PMID: 37083402 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Reduced iron-containing clay (RIC) minerals have been documented to exhibit antibacterial activity through a synergistic action of extracellular membrane attack and intracellular oxidation of cellular components. However, the relative importance between extracellular and intracellular processes has remained elusive. Here, metal-chelating organic ligands (lactate, oxalate, citrate, and ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)) were amended to the bactericidal assays such that the importance of the two processes could be evaluated. Reduced nontronite (rNAu-2) was used as a model clay mineral to produce extracellular hydroxyl radical (•OH) upon oxygenation. The presence of Fe-chelating ligands increased •OH yield by 3-5 times. Consequently, bacterial cell membrane attack was enhanced, yet the antibacterial activity of RIC diminished. Additional experiments revealed that the ligands inhibited soluble metal ions from adsorption onto the bacterial cell membrane and/or penetration into the cytoplasm. Consequently, intracellular Fe concentration for the ligand-treated group was nearly 2 orders of magnitude lower than that for no-ligand control, which greatly decreased intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased cell survival. These results highlight that destruction of intracellular contents (proteins and DNA) is more important than oxidative degradation of membrane lipids and cell envelope proteins in causing bacterial cell death by RIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyin Xia
- Center for Geomicrobiology and Biogeochemistry Research, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiubin Chen
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hailiang Dong
- Center for Geomicrobiology and Biogeochemistry Research, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
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Fu S, Deng Y, Zou K, Zhang S, Liu X, Liang Y. Flavonoids affect the endophytic bacterial community in Ginkgo biloba leaves with increasing altitude. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:982771. [PMID: 36035669 PMCID: PMC9410704 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.982771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Altitude affects plant growth and metabolism, but the effect of altitude on plant endophytic microorganisms is still unclear. In this study, we selected 16 Ginkgo biloba trees to study the response of leaves' endophytes to flavonoids and altitude (from 530 m to 1,310 m). HPLC results showed that flavonoids in Ginkgo biloba leaves increased by more than 150% with attitude rising from 530 m to 1,310 m, which revealed a positive correlation with altitude. Ginkgo biloba might regulate the increased flavonoids in leaves to resist the increasing light intensity. 16S rDNA sequencing results showed that the endophytic bacterial communities of Ginkgo biloba at different altitudes significantly differed. Ginkgo leaf endophytes' alpha diversity decreased with increasing flavonoids content and altitude. The increased flavonoids might increase the environmental pressure on endophytes and affect the endophytic community in Ginkgo biloba leaves. The bacterial network in Ginkgo biloba leaves became more complex with increasing altitude, which might be one of the strategies of leaf endophytes to cope with increasing flavonoids. Metagenomes results predicted with PICRUSt showed that the abundance of flavonoid biosynthesis and photosynthesis genes were significantly decreased with the increase of flavonoid contents. High flavonoid content in leaves appeared to inhibit microbial flavonoid synthesis. Our findings indicate that altitude can modulate microbial community structure through regulating plant metabolites, which is important to uncovering the interaction of microbes, host and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaodong Fu
- School of Resource Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Deng
- School of Resource Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kai Zou
- College of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jiaxing Nanhu University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Shuangfei Zhang
- School of Resource Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xueduan Liu
- School of Resource Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yili Liang
- School of Resource Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Yang K, Cao F, Xue Y, Tao L, Zhu Y. Three Classes of Antioxidant Defense Systems and the Development of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:840293. [PMID: 35309045 PMCID: PMC8927967 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.840293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common bone imbalance disease that threatens the health of postmenopausal women. Estrogen deficiency accelerates the aging of women. Oxidative stress damage is regarded as the main pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis. The accumulation of reactive oxygen species in the bone microenvironment plays a role in osteoblast and osteoclast apoptosis. Improving the oxidative state is essential for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. There are three classes of antioxidant defense systems in the body to eliminate free radicals and peroxides including antioxidant substances, antioxidant enzymes, and repair enzymes. In our review, we demonstrated the mechanism of antioxidants and their effect on bone metabolism in detail. We concluded that glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) conversion involved the PI3K/Akt-Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and that the antioxidant enzyme-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis pathway of osteoblasts was necessary for the development of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Since the current therapeutic effects of targeting bone cells are not significant, improving the systemic peroxidation state and then regulating bone homeostasis will be a new method for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keda Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fangming Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuchuan Xue
- The First Department of Clinical Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Tao,
| | - Yue Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Yue Zhu,
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Zhang S, Hu L, Han C, Huang R, Ooi K, Qian X, Ren X, Chu D, Zhang H, Du D, Xia C. PLIN2 Mediates Neuroinflammation and Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress via Downregulating Phosphatidylethanolamine in the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla of Stressed Hypertensive Rats. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:6331-6348. [PMID: 34880641 PMCID: PMC8646230 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s329230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Oxidative/nitrosative stress, neuroinflammation and their intimate interactions mediate sympathetic overactivation in hypertension. An immoderate inflammatory response is characterized not only by elevated proinflammatory cytokines (PICs) but by increases in mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nitric oxide (NO). Recent data pinpoint that both the phospholipid and lipid droplets (LDs) are potent modulators of microglia physiology. Methods Stress rats underwent compound stressors for 15 days with PLIN2-siRNA or scrambled-siRNA (SC-siRNA) administrated into the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). Lipids were analyzed by mass spectroscopy-based quantitative lipidomics. The phenotypes and proliferation of microglia, LDs, in the RVLM of rats were detected; blood pressure (BP) and myocardial injury in rats were evaluated. The anti-oxidative/nitrosative stress effect of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) was explored in cultured primary microglia. Results Lipidomics analysis showed that 75 individual lipids in RVLM were significantly dysregulated by stress [PE was the most one], demonstrating that lipid composition changed with stress. In vitro, prorenin stress induced the accumulation of LDs, increased PICs, which could be blocked by siRNA-PLIN2 in microglia. PLIN2 knockdown upregulated the PE synthesis in microglia. Anti-oxidative/nitrosative stress effect of PE delivery was confirmed by the decrease of ROS and decrease in 3-NT and MDA in prorenin-treated microglia. PLIN2 knockdown in the RVLM blocked the number of iNOS+ and PCNA+ microglia, decreased BP, alleviated cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy in stressed rats. Conclusion PLIN2 mediates microglial polarization/proliferation via downregulating PE in the RVLM of stressed rats. Delivery of PE is a promising strategy for combating neuroinflammation and oxidative/nitrosative stress in stress-induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutian Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengzhi Han
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Renhui Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Kokwin Ooi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Qian
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaorong Ren
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Dechang Chu
- College of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Heze University, Heze, 274000, People's Republic of China
| | - Haili Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Heze University, Heze, 274000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongshu Du
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmei Xia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
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Shah DS, Nisr RB, Stretton C, Krasteva-Christ G, Hundal HS. Caveolin-3 deficiency associated with the dystrophy P104L mutation impairs skeletal muscle mitochondrial form and function. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:838-858. [PMID: 32090499 PMCID: PMC7296273 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caveolin-3 (Cav3) is the principal structural component of caveolae in skeletal muscle. Dominant pathogenic mutations in the Cav3 gene, such as the Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy-1C (LGMD1C) P104L mutation, result in substantial loss of Cav3 and myopathic changes characterized by muscle weakness and wasting. We hypothesize such myopathy may also be associated with disturbances in mitochondrial biology. Herein, we report studies assessing the effects of Cav3 deficiency on mitochondrial form and function in skeletal muscle cells. METHODS L6 myoblasts were stably transfected with Cav3P104L or expression of native Cav3 repressed by shRNA or CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing prior to performing fixed/live cell imaging of mitochondrial morphology, subcellular fractionation and immunoblotting, or analysis of real time mitochondrial respiration. Skeletal muscle from wild-type and Cav3-/- mice was processed for analysis of mitochondrial proteins by immunoblotting. RESULTS Caveolin-3 was detected in mitochondrial-enriched membranes isolated from mouse gastrocnemius muscle and L6 myoblasts. Expression of Cav3P104L in L6 myoblasts led to its targeting to the Golgi and loss of native Cav3 (>95%), including that associated with mitochondrial membranes. Cav3P104L reduced mitochondrial mass and induced fragmentation of the mitochondrial network that was associated with significant loss of proteins involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, respiration, morphology, and redox function [i.e. PGC1α, succinate dehyrdogenase (SDHA), ANT1, MFN2, OPA1, and MnSOD). Furthermore, Cav3P104L myoblasts exhibited increased mitochondrial cholesterol and loss of cardiolipin. Consistent with these changes, Cav3P104L expression reduced mitochondrial respiratory capacity and increased myocellular superoxide production. These morphological, biochemical, and functional mitochondrial changes were phenocopied in myoblasts in which Cav3 had been silenced/knocked-out using shRNA or CRISPR. Reduced mitochondrial mass, PGC1α, SDHA, ANT1, and MnSOD were also demonstrable in Cav3-/- mouse gastrocnemius. Strikingly, Cav3 re-expression in Cav3KO myoblasts restored its mitochondrial association and facilitated reformation of a tubular mitochondrial network. Significantly, re-expression also mitigated changes in mitochondrial superoxide, cholesterol, and cardiolipin content and recovered cellular respiratory capacity. CONCLUSIONS Our results identify Cav3 as an important regulator of mitochondrial homeostasis and reveal that Cav3 deficiency in muscle cells associated with the Cav3P104L mutation invokes major disturbances in mitochondrial respiration and energy status that may contribute to the pathology of LGMD1C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh S Shah
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Raid B Nisr
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Clare Stretton
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Gabriela Krasteva-Christ
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Harinder S Hundal
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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Lo SB, Blaszak RT, Parajuli N. Targeting Mitochondria during Cold Storage to Maintain Proteasome Function and Improve Renal Outcome after Transplantation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3506. [PMID: 32429129 PMCID: PMC7279041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney transplantation is the preferred treatment for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Compared to maintenance dialysis, kidney transplantation results in improved patient survival and quality of life. Kidneys from living donors perform best; however, many patients with ESKD depend on kidneys from deceased donors. After procurement, donor kidneys are placed in a cold-storage solution until a suitable recipient is located. Sadly, prolonged cold storage times are associated with inferior transplant outcomes; therefore, in most situations when considering donor kidneys, long cold-storage times are avoided. The identification of novel mechanisms of cold-storage-related renal damage will lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies for preserving donor kidneys; to date, these mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this review, we discuss the importance of mitochondrial and proteasome function, protein homeostasis, and renal recovery during stress from cold storage plus transplantation. Additionally, we discuss novel targets for therapeutic intervention to improve renal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorena B. Lo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Richard T. Blaszak
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Nirmala Parajuli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
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Xia Q, Wang X, Zeng Q, Guo D, Zhu Z, Chen H, Dong H. Mechanisms of Enhanced Antibacterial Activity by Reduced Chitosan-Intercalated Nontronite. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:5207-5217. [PMID: 32101428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b07185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have documented the antibacterial activity of certain iron-containing clays. However, the repulsion between negatively charged bacteria and the clay surface makes this process inefficient. The objective of this study is to improve the bactericidal efficiency of clays by reversing their surface charge from negative to positive. To achieve this objective, positively charged chitosan, a nontoxic and biodegradable polymer, was intercalated into nontronite NAu-2. Chitosan-intercalated NAu-2 (C-NAu-2) was chemically reduced to obtain reduced C-NAu-2 (rC-NAu-2). Relative to reduced nontronite (rNAu-2), the antibacterial activity of rC-NAu-2 is higher and more persistent over a pH range of 6-8. The close spatial association between positively charged rC-NAu-2 and negatively charged bacteria increases the chances of cell membrane attack by extracellular ROS, the influx of soluble Fe2+ into the bacterial cell, and the yield of intracellular ROS. All these factors contribute to the enhanced antibacterial activity of rC-NAu-2. In contrast to rNAu-2 treated E. coli cells, where membrane damage and intracellular ROS/Fe accumulation are restricted to the polar regions, the close bacteria-clay association in rC-NAu-2 results in nonselective membrane damage and more uniform intracellular ROS/Fe distribution across whole bacterial cells. These results advance the antibacterial model by highlighting the importance of bacteria-clay interactions to the antibacterial activity of Fe-bearing clays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyin Xia
- Geomicrobiology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Xi Wang
- Geomicrobiology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Geomicrobiology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Dongyi Guo
- Geomicrobiology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Zihua Zhu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Geomicrobiology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Hailiang Dong
- Geomicrobiology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- Department of Geology and Environmental Earth Science, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
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11
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Lee DH, Jung YY, Park MH, Jo MR, Han SB, Yoon DY, Roh YS, Hong JT. Peroxiredoxin 6 Confers Protection Against Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Through Maintaining Mitochondrial Function. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:387-402. [PMID: 31007045 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Aims: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is accompanied by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which has been suggested in several studies to link with mitochondrial function. However, the mechanistic role of ROS-mediated regulation of mitochondrial function in NAFLD has not been elucidated. Since peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) is the only member of the antioxidant PRDX family that translocates to damaged mitochondria, we investigated the PRDX6-mediated antisteatotic mechanism using genetically modified mice and cells. Results: PRDX6 mice were more protective to lipid accumulation, liver injury, and insulin resistance after a high-fat diet. Mechanistically, PRDX6 is required for induction of mitochondrial antioxidant action and beta-oxidation through maintaining mitochondrial integrity and subsequently prevents ROS-induced lipogenesis. Interestingly, oxidative stress-induced Notch signaling was suppressed in PRDX6 mice compared with wild-type mice, and genetic and pharmacological inhibition of Notch signaling improved lipid accumulation. Finally, PRDX knockdown or Notch inhibition reduced induction of mitophagy. PRDX6 antagonizes positive feedback loop between lipid accumulation and ROS production through regulation of mitochondrial function. Innovation: For the first time, we demonstrate that PRDX6 maintains mitochondria integrity under oxidative stress and protects against NAFLD progression by inhibition of Notch signaling. Conclusion: This study describes a novel molecular mechanism underlying the antisteatotic activity of PRDX6, which may be a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hun Lee
- 1 College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Department of Pharmacy Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Yu Yeon Jung
- 2 Department of Dental Hygiene, Gwangyang Health Sciences University, Gwangyang, South Korea
| | - Mi Hee Park
- 1 College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Department of Pharmacy Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Mi Ran Jo
- 1 College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Department of Pharmacy Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Sang Bae Han
- 1 College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Department of Pharmacy Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Do Young Yoon
- 3 Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon Seok Roh
- 1 College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Department of Pharmacy Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- 1 College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Department of Pharmacy Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
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12
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Lu H, Zhang H, Chingin K, Wei Y, Xu J, Ke M, Huang K, Feng S, Chen H. Sequential Detection of Lipids, Metabolites, and Proteins in One Tissue for Improved Cancer Differentiation Accuracy. Anal Chem 2019; 91:10532-10540. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Konstantin Chingin
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, P. R. China
| | - Yiping Wei
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, P. R. China
| | - Jiaquan Xu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, P. R. China
| | - Mufang Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Keke Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Shouhua Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Huanwen Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, P. R. China
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13
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Li J, Du H, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Teng F, Zhao Y, Zhang W, Yu Y, Feng L, Cui X, Zhang M, Lu T, Guan F, Chen L. Amorphous solid dispersion of Berberine mitigates apoptosis via iPLA 2β/Cardiolipin/Opa1 pathway in db/db mice and in Palmitate-treated MIN6 β-cells. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:1533-1545. [PMID: 31337982 PMCID: PMC6643135 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.32020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: Berberine (BBR) improves beta-cell function in Type 2 diabetes (T2D) because of its anti-apoptotic activity, and our laboratory developed a new preparation named Huang-Gui Solid Dispersion (HGSD) to improve the oral bioavailability of BBR. However, the mechanism by which BBR inhibits beta-cell apoptosis is unclear. We hypothesized that the Group VIA Ca2+-Independent Phospholipase A2 (iPLA2β)/Cardiolipin(CL)/Opa1 signaling pathway could exert a protective role in T2D by regulating beta-cell apoptosis and that HGSD could inhibit β-cell apoptosis through iPLA2β/CL/Opa1 upregulation. Methods: We examined how iPLA2β and BBR regulated apoptosis and insulin secretion through CL/Opa1 in vivo and in vitro. In in vitro studies, we developed Palmitate(PA)-induced apoptotic cell death model in mouse insulinoma cells (MIN6). iPLA2β overexpression and silencing technology were used to examine how the iPLA2β/CL/Opa1 interaction may play an important role in BBR treatment. In in vivo studies, db/db mice were used as a diabetic animal model. The pancreatic islet function and morphology, beta-cell apoptosis and mitochondrial injury were examined to explore the effects of HGSD. The expression of iPLA2β/CL/Opa1 was measured to explore whether the signaling pathway was damaged in T2D and was involved in HGSD treatment. Results: The overexpression of iPLA2β and BBR treatment significantly attenuated Palmitate- induced mitochondrial injury and apoptotic death compared with Palmitate-treated MIN6 cell. In addition, iPLA2β silencing could simultaneously partly abolish the anti-apoptotic effect of BBR and decrease CL/Opa1 signaling in MIN6 cells. Moreover, HGSD treatment significantly decreased beta-cell apoptosis and resulted in the upregulation of iPLA2β/CL/Opa1 compared to those of the db/db mice. Conclusion: The results indicated that the regulation of iPLA2β/CL/Opa1 by HGSD may prevent beta-cell apoptosis and may improve islet beta-cell function in Type 2 diabetic mice and in palmitate-treated MIN6 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junnan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Hongwei Du
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, The First Clinical Hospital Affiliated to Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Meishuang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Fei Teng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yali Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Wenyou Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Linjing Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xinming Cui
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Tzongshi Lu
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Fengying Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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14
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Hunt H, Fraser K, Cave NJ, Gartrell BD, Petersen J, Roe WD. Untargeted metabolic profiling of dogs with a suspected toxic mitochondrial myopathy using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Toxicon 2019; 166:46-55. [PMID: 31102596 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
'Go Slow myopathy' (GSM) is a suspected toxic myopathy in dogs that primarily occurs in the North Island of New Zealand, and affected dogs usually have a history of consuming meat, offal or bones from wild pigs (including previously frozen and/or cooked meat). Previous epidemiological and pathological studies on GSM have demonstrated that changes in mitochondrial structure and function are most likely caused by an environmental toxin that dogs are exposed to through the ingestion of wild pig. The disease has clinical, histological and biochemical similarities to poisoning in people and animals from the plant Ageratina altissima (white snakeroot). Aqueous and lipid extracts were prepared from liver samples of 24 clinically normal dogs and 15 dogs with GSM for untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Group-wise comparisons of mass spectral data revealed 38 features that were significantly different (FDR<0.05) between normal dogs and those with GSM in aqueous extracts, and 316 significantly different features in lipid extracts. No definitive cause of the myopathy was identified, but alkaloids derived from several plant species were among the possible identities of features that were more abundant in liver samples from affected dogs compared to normal dogs. Mass spectral data also revealed that dogs with GSM have reduced hepatic phospholipid and sphingolipid concentrations relative to normal dogs. In addition, affected dogs had changes in the abundance of kynurenic acid, various dicarboxylic acids and N-acetylated branch chain amino acids, suggestive of mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hunt
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - K Fraser
- Food Nutrition and Health Team, Food and Bio-Based Products Group, AgResearch Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - N J Cave
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - B D Gartrell
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - J Petersen
- Norvet Services Ltd., Okaihau, New Zealand
| | - W D Roe
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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15
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Panchal K, Tiwari AK. Mitochondrial dynamics, a key executioner in neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondrion 2018; 47:151-173. [PMID: 30408594 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are the group of disorder that includes brain, peripheral nerves, spinal cord and results in sensory and motor neuron dysfunction. Several studies have shown that mitochondrial dynamics and their axonal transport play a central role in most common NDs such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) etc. In normal physiological condition, there is a balance between mitochondrial fission and fusion process while any alteration to these processes cause defect in ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) biogenesis that lead to the onset of several NDs. Also, mitochondria mediated ROS may induce lipid and protein peroxidation, energy deficiency environment in the neurons and results in cell death and defective neurotransmission. Though, mitochondria is a well-studied cell organelle regulating the cellular energy demands but still, its detail role or association in NDs is under observation. In this review, we have summarized an updated mitochondria and their possible role in different NDs with the therapeutic strategy to improve the mitochondrial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Panchal
- Genetics & Developmental Biology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Research (IAR), Koba, Institutional Area, Gandhinagar 382426, India
| | - Anand Krishna Tiwari
- Genetics & Developmental Biology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Research (IAR), Koba, Institutional Area, Gandhinagar 382426, India.
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16
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Saad A, Herrmann SMS, Eirin A, Ferguson CM, Glockner JF, Bjarnason H, McKusick MA, Misra S, Lerman LO, Textor SC. Phase 2a Clinical Trial of Mitochondrial Protection (Elamipretide) During Stent Revascularization in Patients With Atherosclerotic Renal Artery Stenosis. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2018; 10:CIRCINTERVENTIONS.117.005487. [PMID: 28916603 DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.117.005487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis reduces renal blood flow (RBF) and amplifies stenotic kidney hypoxia. Revascularization with percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA) and stenting often fails to recover renal function, possibly because of ischemia/reperfusion injury developing after PTRA. Elamipretide is a mitochondrial-targeted peptide that binds to cardiolipin and stabilizes mitochondrial function. We tested the hypothesis that elamipretide plus PTRA would improve renal function, oxygenation, and RBF in patients with atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis undergoing PTRA. METHODS AND RESULTS Inpatient studies were performed in patients with severe atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis scheduled for PTRA. Patients were treated before and during PTRA with elamipretide (0.05 mg/kg per hour intravenous infusion, n=6) or placebo (n=8). Stenotic kidney cortical/medullary perfusion and RBF were measured using contrast-enhanced multidetector CT, and renal oxygenation by 3-T blood oxygen level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging before and 3 months after PTRA. Age and basal glomerular filtration rate did not differ between groups. Blood oxygen level-dependent imaging demonstrated increased fractional hypoxia 24 hours after angiography and stenting in placebo (+47%) versus elamipretide (-6%). These were reverted to baseline 3 months later. Stenotic kidney RBF rose (202±29-262±115 mL/min; P=0.04) 3 months after PTRA in the elamipretide-treated group only. Over 3 months, systolic blood pressure decreased, and estimated glomerular filtration rate increased (P=0.003) more in the elamipretide group than in the placebo group (P=0.11). CONCLUSIONS Adjunctive elamipretide during PTRA was associated with attenuated postprocedural hypoxia, increased RBF, and improved kidney function in this pilot trial. These data support a role for targeted mitochondrial protection to minimize procedure-associated ischemic injury and to improve outcomes of revascularization for human atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01755858.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Saad
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (A.S., S.M.S.H., A.E., C.M.F., L.O.L., S.C.T.) and Department of Radiology (J.F.G., H.B., M.A.M., S.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Sandra M S Herrmann
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (A.S., S.M.S.H., A.E., C.M.F., L.O.L., S.C.T.) and Department of Radiology (J.F.G., H.B., M.A.M., S.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Alfonso Eirin
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (A.S., S.M.S.H., A.E., C.M.F., L.O.L., S.C.T.) and Department of Radiology (J.F.G., H.B., M.A.M., S.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Christopher M Ferguson
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (A.S., S.M.S.H., A.E., C.M.F., L.O.L., S.C.T.) and Department of Radiology (J.F.G., H.B., M.A.M., S.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - James F Glockner
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (A.S., S.M.S.H., A.E., C.M.F., L.O.L., S.C.T.) and Department of Radiology (J.F.G., H.B., M.A.M., S.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Haraldur Bjarnason
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (A.S., S.M.S.H., A.E., C.M.F., L.O.L., S.C.T.) and Department of Radiology (J.F.G., H.B., M.A.M., S.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Michael A McKusick
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (A.S., S.M.S.H., A.E., C.M.F., L.O.L., S.C.T.) and Department of Radiology (J.F.G., H.B., M.A.M., S.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Sanjay Misra
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (A.S., S.M.S.H., A.E., C.M.F., L.O.L., S.C.T.) and Department of Radiology (J.F.G., H.B., M.A.M., S.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (A.S., S.M.S.H., A.E., C.M.F., L.O.L., S.C.T.) and Department of Radiology (J.F.G., H.B., M.A.M., S.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Stephen C Textor
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (A.S., S.M.S.H., A.E., C.M.F., L.O.L., S.C.T.) and Department of Radiology (J.F.G., H.B., M.A.M., S.M.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
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17
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Suh KS, Chon S, Choi EM. The protective effects of sciadopitysin against methylglyoxal-induced cytotoxicity in cultured pancreatic β-cells. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 38:1104-1111. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Sik Suh
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Chon
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Mi Choi
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
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18
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Shabalina IG, Vyssokikh MY, Gibanova N, Csikasz RI, Edgar D, Hallden-Waldemarson A, Rozhdestvenskaya Z, Bakeeva LE, Vays VB, Pustovidko AV, Skulachev MV, Cannon B, Skulachev VP, Nedergaard J. Improved health-span and lifespan in mtDNA mutator mice treated with the mitochondrially targeted antioxidant SkQ1. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 9:315-339. [PMID: 28209927 PMCID: PMC5361666 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
MtDNA mutator mice exhibit marked features of premature aging. We find that these mice treated from age of ≈100 days with the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 showed a delayed appearance of traits of aging such as kyphosis, alopecia, lowering of body temperature, body weight loss, as well as ameliorated heart, kidney and liver pathologies. These effects of SkQ1 are suggested to be related to an alleviation of the effects of an enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in mtDNA mutator mice: the increased mitochondrial ROS released due to mitochondrial mutations probably interact with polyunsaturated fatty acids in cardiolipin, releasing malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal that form protein adducts and thus diminishes mitochondrial functions. SkQ1 counteracts this as it scavenges mitochondrial ROS. As the results, the normal mitochondrial ultrastructure is preserved in liver and heart; the phosphorylation capacity of skeletal muscle mitochondria as well as the thermogenic capacity of brown adipose tissue is also improved. The SkQ1-treated mice live significantly longer (335 versus 290 days). These data may be relevant in relation to treatment of mitochondrial diseases particularly and the process of aging in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina G Shabalina
- The Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikhail Yu Vyssokikh
- The Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia Gibanova
- The Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert I Csikasz
- The Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Edgar
- The Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.,Present address: Buck Institute for research on aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Anne Hallden-Waldemarson
- The Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zinaida Rozhdestvenskaya
- The Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lora E Bakeeva
- The Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Institute of Mitoengineering, Moscow State University, 119992, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Valeria B Vays
- The Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Antonina V Pustovidko
- The Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Maxim V Skulachev
- Institute of Mitoengineering, Moscow State University, 119992, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Barbara Cannon
- The Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vladimir P Skulachev
- The Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Institute of Mitoengineering, Moscow State University, 119992, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Jan Nedergaard
- The Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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19
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Wang X, Dong H, Zeng Q, Xia Q, Zhang L, Zhou Z. Reduced Iron-Containing Clay Minerals as Antibacterial Agents. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:7639-7647. [PMID: 28570809 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Previous work documented the general antibacterial mechanism of iron containing clays that involved hydroxyl radical (•OH) production from soluble Fe2+, and attack of cell membrane and intracellular proteins. Here we explore the role of clay structural Fe(II) in •OH production at near neutral pH and identify a lipid involved in the antibacterial process. Structural Fe(III) in nontronite NAu-2 was reduced (rNAu-2) and E. coli, a model bacterium, was exposed to rNAu-2 in oxic suspension. The antibacterial activity of rNAu-2 was dependent on pH and Fe(II) concentration, where E. coli were completely killed at pH 6, but survived at pH 7 and 8. In the presence of a •OH scavenger or in anaerobic atmosphere, E. coli survived better, suggesting that cell death may be caused by •OH generated from oxidation of structural Fe(II) in rNAu-2. In-situ imaging revealed damage of a membrane lipid, cardiolipin, in the polar region of E. coli cells, where reactive oxygen species and redox-active labile Fe were enriched. Our results advance the previous antibacterial model by demonstrating that the structural Fe(II) is the primary source of •OH, which damages cardiolipin, triggers the influx of soluble Fe2+ into the cell, and ultimately leads to cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- Geomicrobiology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences , Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hailiang Dong
- Geomicrobiology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences , Beijing 100083, China
- Department of Geology and Environmental Earth Science, Miami University , Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Geomicrobiology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences , Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qingyin Xia
- Geomicrobiology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences , Beijing 100083, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- Geomicrobiology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences , Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ziqi Zhou
- Geomicrobiology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences , Beijing 100083, China
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20
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Fan H, Li X, Wang W, Lai Q, Tang X, Gao D, Yin X, Xu T. Effects of NMDA-Receptor Antagonist on the Expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax in the Subventricular Zone of Neonatal Rats with Hypoxia-Ischemia Brain Damage. Cell Biochem Biophys 2017; 73:323-330. [PMID: 27352318 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-015-0586-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia brain damage is an important cause of death by affecting prognosis of neural diseases. It is difficult to find effective methods of prevention and treatment due to the complexity of its pathogenesis. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), as an excitotoxicity amino acids, has proven to play an important role in hypoxic-ischemic. However, the exact effects of the NMDA subunits, NR2A and NR2B, during hypoxic-ischemic have not been investigated in detail. Therefore, we sought to study whether the NMDA receptor antagonist could confer neuroprotective effects in a neonatal rat hypoxia-ischemia model. The effects of intraperitoneal injections of different drugs, namely MK-801 (0.5 mg/kg), NVP-AAM077 (5 mg/kg), and Ro25-6981 (5 mg/kg), on the expressions of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and apoptosis protein Bax in the subventricular zone were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining to explore the roles of NMDA subunits (NR2A and NR2B) in hypoxic-ischemic. We found that the NR2B antagonist (Ro25-6981) could inhibit hypoxic-ischemic with the increasing Bcl-2 expression. NR2A antagonists (NVP-AAM077) can increase cerebral hypoxia-ischemia in neonatal rats, promoting the expression of apoptotic protein Bax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Fan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoquan Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingwei Lai
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaohong Tang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dianshuai Gao
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical College, 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxing Yin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Tiejun Xu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical College, 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
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21
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Quarles EK, Dai DF, Tocchi A, Basisty N, Gitari L, Rabinovitch PS. Quality control systems in cardiac aging. Ageing Res Rev 2015; 23:101-15. [PMID: 25702865 PMCID: PMC4686341 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac aging is an intrinsic process that results in impaired cardiac function, along with cellular and molecular changes. These degenerative changes are intimately associated with quality control mechanisms. This review provides a general overview of the clinical and cellular changes which manifest in cardiac aging, and the quality control mechanisms involved in maintaining homeostasis and retarding aging. These mechanisms include autophagy, ubiquitin-mediated turnover, apoptosis, mitochondrial quality control and cardiac matrix homeostasis. Finally, we discuss aging interventions that have been observed to impact cardiac health outcomes. These include caloric restriction, rapamycin, resveratrol, GDF11, mitochondrial antioxidants and cardiolipin-targeted therapeutics. A greater understanding of the quality control mechanisms that promote cardiac homeostasis will help to understand the benefits of these interventions, and hopefully lead to further improved therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen K Quarles
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Box 357470, Seattle, WA 98195-7470, United States.
| | - Dao-Fu Dai
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Box 357470, Seattle, WA 98195-7470, United States.
| | - Autumn Tocchi
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Box 357470, Seattle, WA 98195-7470, United States.
| | - Nathan Basisty
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Box 357470, Seattle, WA 98195-7470, United States.
| | - Lemuel Gitari
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Box 357470, Seattle, WA 98195-7470, United States.
| | - Peter S Rabinovitch
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Box 357470, Seattle, WA 98195-7470, United States.
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22
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Peroxidative permeabilization of liposomes induced by cytochrome c/cardiolipin complex. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1848:767-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Diakopoulos KN, Lesina M, Wörmann S, Song L, Aichler M, Schild L, Artati A, Römisch-Margl W, Wartmann T, Fischer R, Kabiri Y, Zischka H, Halangk W, Demir IE, Pilsak C, Walch A, Mantzoros CS, Steiner JM, Erkan M, Schmid RM, Witt H, Adamski J, Algül H. Impaired autophagy induces chronic atrophic pancreatitis in mice via sex- and nutrition-dependent processes. Gastroenterology 2015; 148:626-638.e17. [PMID: 25497209 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Little is known about the mechanisms of the progressive tissue destruction, inflammation, and fibrosis that occur during development of chronic pancreatitis. Autophagy is involved in multiple degenerative and inflammatory diseases, including pancreatitis, and requires the protein autophagy related 5 (ATG5). We created mice with defects in autophagy to determine its role in pancreatitis. METHODS We created mice with pancreas-specific disruption of Atg5 (Ptf1aCreex1;Atg5F/F mice) and compared them to control mice. Pancreata were collected and histology, immunohistochemistry, transcriptome, and metabolome analyses were performed. ATG5-deficient mice were placed on diets containing 25% palm oil and compared with those on a standard diet. Another set of mice received the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. Pancreatic tissues were collected from 8 patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP) and compared with pancreata from ATG5-deficient mice. RESULTS Mice with pancreas-specific disruption of Atg5 developed atrophic CP, independent of β-cell function; a greater proportion of male mice developed CP than female mice. Pancreata from ATG5-deficient mice had signs of inflammation, necrosis, acinar-to-ductal metaplasia, and acinar-cell hypertrophy; this led to tissue atrophy and degeneration. Based on transcriptome and metabolome analyses, ATG5-deficient mice produced higher levels of reactive oxygen species than control mice, and had insufficient activation of glutamate-dependent metabolism. Pancreata from these mice had reduced autophagy, increased levels of p62, and increases in endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial damage, compared with tissues from control mice; p62 signaling to Nqo1 and p53 was also activated. Dietary antioxidants, especially in combination with palm oil-derived fatty acids, blocked progression to CP and pancreatic acinar atrophy. Tissues from patients with CP had many histologic similarities to those from ATG5-deficient mice. CONCLUSIONS Mice with pancreas-specific disruption of Atg5 develop a form of CP similar to that of humans. CP development appears to involve defects in autophagy, glutamate-dependent metabolism, and increased production of reactive oxygen species. These mice might be used to identify therapeutic targets for CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliope N Diakopoulos
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marina Lesina
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sonja Wörmann
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Liang Song
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michaela Aichler
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lorenz Schild
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Bereich Pathologische Biochemie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg Medizinische Fakultät, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anna Artati
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Centre, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Werner Römisch-Margl
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Centre, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Wartmann
- Klinik für Chirurgie Bereich Experimentelle Operative Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Robert Fischer
- Klinik für Chirurgie Bereich Experimentelle Operative Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Yashar Kabiri
- Institut für Molekulare Toxikologie und Pharmakologie, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hans Zischka
- Institut für Molekulare Toxikologie und Pharmakologie, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Walter Halangk
- Klinik für Chirurgie Bereich Experimentelle Operative Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ihsan Ekin Demir
- Chirurgische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Pilsak
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum, Paediatric Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Axel Walch
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jörg M Steiner
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Mert Erkan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Roland M Schmid
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Heiko Witt
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum, Paediatric Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Centre, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hana Algül
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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Lipidomic analysis of molecular cardiolipin species in livers exposed to ischemia/reperfusion. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 400:253-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2282-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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25
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The link between pediatric heart failure and mitochondrial lipids. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 76:71-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Oxidation of cardiolipin is involved in functional impairment and disintegration of liver mitochondria by hypoxia/reoxygenation in the presence of increased Ca2+ concentrations. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 394:119-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2087-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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27
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Dai DF, Chiao YA, Marcinek DJ, Szeto HH, Rabinovitch PS. Mitochondrial oxidative stress in aging and healthspan. LONGEVITY & HEALTHSPAN 2014; 3:6. [PMID: 24860647 DOI: 10.1201/b21905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The free radical theory of aging proposes that reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced accumulation of damage to cellular macromolecules is a primary driving force of aging and a major determinant of lifespan. Although this theory is one of the most popular explanations for the cause of aging, several experimental rodent models of antioxidant manipulation have failed to affect lifespan. Moreover, antioxidant supplementation clinical trials have been largely disappointing. The mitochondrial theory of aging specifies more particularly that mitochondria are both the primary sources of ROS and the primary targets of ROS damage. In addition to effects on lifespan and aging, mitochondrial ROS have been shown to play a central role in healthspan of many vital organ systems. In this article we review the evidence supporting the role of mitochondrial oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage and dysfunction in aging and healthspan, including cardiac aging, age-dependent cardiovascular diseases, skeletal muscle aging, neurodegenerative diseases, insulin resistance and diabetes as well as age-related cancers. The crosstalk of mitochondrial ROS, redox, and other cellular signaling is briefly presented. Potential therapeutic strategies to improve mitochondrial function in aging and healthspan are reviewed, with a focus on mitochondrial protective drugs, such as the mitochondrial antioxidants MitoQ, SkQ1, and the mitochondrial protective peptide SS-31.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Fu Dai
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, 1959 Pacific Ave NE, HSB-K081, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ying Ann Chiao
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, 1959 Pacific Ave NE, HSB-K081, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - David J Marcinek
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hazel H Szeto
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter S Rabinovitch
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, 1959 Pacific Ave NE, HSB-K081, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Mitochondrial oxidative stress in aging and healthspan. LONGEVITY & HEALTHSPAN 2014; 3:6. [PMID: 24860647 PMCID: PMC4013820 DOI: 10.1186/2046-2395-3-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The free radical theory of aging proposes that reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced accumulation of damage to cellular macromolecules is a primary driving force of aging and a major determinant of lifespan. Although this theory is one of the most popular explanations for the cause of aging, several experimental rodent models of antioxidant manipulation have failed to affect lifespan. Moreover, antioxidant supplementation clinical trials have been largely disappointing. The mitochondrial theory of aging specifies more particularly that mitochondria are both the primary sources of ROS and the primary targets of ROS damage. In addition to effects on lifespan and aging, mitochondrial ROS have been shown to play a central role in healthspan of many vital organ systems. In this article we review the evidence supporting the role of mitochondrial oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage and dysfunction in aging and healthspan, including cardiac aging, age-dependent cardiovascular diseases, skeletal muscle aging, neurodegenerative diseases, insulin resistance and diabetes as well as age-related cancers. The crosstalk of mitochondrial ROS, redox, and other cellular signaling is briefly presented. Potential therapeutic strategies to improve mitochondrial function in aging and healthspan are reviewed, with a focus on mitochondrial protective drugs, such as the mitochondrial antioxidants MitoQ, SkQ1, and the mitochondrial protective peptide SS-31.
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29
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Szeto HH. First-in-class cardiolipin-protective compound as a therapeutic agent to restore mitochondrial bioenergetics. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:2029-50. [PMID: 24117165 PMCID: PMC3976620 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A decline in energy is common in aging, and the restoration of mitochondrial bioenergetics may offer a common approach for the treatment of numerous age-associated diseases. Cardiolipin is a unique phospholipid that is exclusively expressed on the inner mitochondrial membrane where it plays an important structural role in cristae formation and the organization of the respiratory complexes into supercomplexes for optimal oxidative phosphorylation. The interaction between cardiolipin and cytochrome c determines whether cytochrome c acts as an electron carrier or peroxidase. Cardiolipin peroxidation and depletion have been reported in a variety of pathological conditions associated with energy deficiency, and cardiolipin has been identified as a target for drug development. This review focuses on the discovery and development of the first cardiolipin-protective compound as a therapeutic agent. SS-31 is a member of the Szeto-Schiller (SS) peptides known to selectively target the inner mitochondrial membrane. SS-31 binds selectively to cardiolipin via electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. By interacting with cardiolipin, SS-31 prevents cardiolipin from converting cytochrome c into a peroxidase while protecting its electron carrying function. As a result, SS-31 protects the structure of mitochondrial cristae and promotes oxidative phosphorylation. SS-31 represents a new class of compounds that can recharge the cellular powerhouse and restore bioenergetics. Extensive animal studies have shown that targeting such a fundamental mechanism can benefit highly complex diseases that share a common pathogenesis of bioenergetics failure. This review summarizes the mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential of SS-31 and provides an update of its clinical development programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel H Szeto
- Research Program in Mitochondrial Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell UniversityNew York, NY, USA
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30
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Martins IJ, Creegan R. Links between Insulin Resistance, Lipoprotein Metabolism and Amyloidosis in Alzheimer’s Disease. Health (London) 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2014.612190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Suh KS, Choi EM, Rhee SY, Kim YS. Methylglyoxal induces oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Free Radic Res 2013; 48:206-17. [PMID: 24164256 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2013.859387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal is a reactive dicarbonyl compound produced by glycolytic processing and identified as a precursor of advanced glycation end products. The elevated methylglyoxal levels in patients with diabetes are believed to contribute to diabetic complications, including bone defects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of methylglyoxal on the function of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. The data indicated that methylglyoxal decreased osteoblast differentiation and induced osteoblast cytotoxicity. Pretreatment of MC3T3-E1 cells with aminoguanidine (a carbonyl scavenger), Trolox (an antioxidant), and cyclosporin A (a blocker of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore) prevented methylglyoxal-induced cytotoxicity in MC3T3-E1 cells. However, BAPTA/AM (an intracellular Ca(2+) chelator) and dantrolene (an inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) release) did not reverse the cytotoxic effect of methylglyoxal. Methylglyoxal increased the formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial superoxide, and cardiolipin peroxidation in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Methylglyoxal also decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular ATP and nitric oxide levels, suggesting that carbonyl stress-induced loss of mitochondrial integrity contributes to the cytotoxicity of methylglyoxal. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that methylglyoxal induced protein adduct formation, inactivation of glyoxalase I, and activation of glyoxalase II. Aminoguanidine reversed all aforementioned effects of methylglyoxal. Taken together, these data support the notion that high methylglyoxal concentrations have detrimental effects on osteoblasts through a mechanism involving oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Suh
- Research Institute of Endocrinology, Kyung Hee University Hospital , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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32
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Li Z, Zhou Z, Huang G, Hu F, Xiang Y, He L. Exendin-4 protects mitochondria from reactive oxygen species induced apoptosis in pancreatic Beta cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76172. [PMID: 24204601 PMCID: PMC3811987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Mitochondrial oxidative stress is the basis for pancreatic β-cell apoptosis and a common pathway for numerous types of damage, including glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity. We cultivated mice pancreatic β-cell tumor Min6 cell lines in vitro and observed pancreatic β-cell apoptosis and changes in mitochondrial function before and after the addition of Exendin-4. Based on these observations, we discuss the protective role of Exendin-4 against mitochondrial oxidative damage and its relationship with Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2. Methods We established a pancreatic β-cell oxidative stress damage model using Min6 cell lines cultured in vitro with tert-buty1 hydroperoxide and hydrogen peroxide. We then added Exendin-4 to observe changes in the rate of cell apoptosis (Annexin-V-FITC-PI staining flow cytometry and DNA ladder). We detected the activity of the caspase 3 and 8 apoptotic factors, measured the mitochondrial membrane potential losses and reactive oxygen species production levels, and detected the expression of cytochrome c and Smac/DLAMO in the cytosol and mitochondria, mitochondrial Ca2-independent phospholipase A2 and Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2 mRNA. Results The time-concentration curve showed that different percentages of apoptosis occurred at different time-concentrations in tert-buty1 hydroperoxide- and hydrogen peroxide-induced Min6 cells. Incubation with 100 µmol/l of Exendin-4 for 48 hours reduced the Min6 cell apoptosis rate (p<0.05). The mitochondrial membrane potential loss and total reactive oxygen species levels decreased (p<0.05), and the release of cytochrome c and Smac/DLAMO from the mitochondria was reduced. The study also showed that Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2 activity was positively related to Exendin-4 activity. Conclusion Exendin-4 reduces Min6 cell oxidative damage and the cell apoptosis rate, which may be related to Ca2-independent phospholipase A2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Diabetes Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, and Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- Diabetes Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, and Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Gan Huang
- Diabetes Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, and Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fang Hu
- Diabetes Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, and Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yufei Xiang
- Diabetes Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, and Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lining He
- Diabetes Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, and Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Birk AV, Liu S, Soong Y, Mills W, Singh P, Warren JD, Seshan SV, Pardee JD, Szeto HH. The mitochondrial-targeted compound SS-31 re-energizes ischemic mitochondria by interacting with cardiolipin. J Am Soc Nephrol 2013; 24:1250-61. [PMID: 23813215 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2012121216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia causes AKI as a result of ATP depletion, and rapid recovery of ATP on reperfusion is important to minimize tissue damage. ATP recovery is often delayed, however, because ischemia destroys the mitochondrial cristae membranes required for mitochondrial ATP synthesis. The mitochondria-targeted compound SS-31 accelerates ATP recovery after ischemia and reduces AKI, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. Here, we used a polarity-sensitive fluorescent analog of SS-31 to demonstrate that SS-31 binds with high affinity to cardiolipin, an anionic phospholipid expressed on the inner mitochondrial membrane that is required for cristae formation. In addition, the SS-31/cardiolipin complex inhibited cytochrome c peroxidase activity, which catalyzes cardiolipin peroxidation and results in mitochondrial damage during ischemia, by protecting its heme iron. Pretreatment of rats with SS-31 protected cristae membranes during renal ischemia and prevented mitochondrial swelling. Prompt recovery of ATP on reperfusion led to rapid repair of ATP-dependent processes, such as restoration of the actin cytoskeleton and cell polarity. Rapid recovery of ATP also inhibited apoptosis, protected tubular barrier function, and mitigated renal dysfunction. In conclusion, SS-31, which is currently in clinical trials for ischemia-reperfusion injury, protects mitochondrial cristae by interacting with cardiolipin on the inner mitochondrial membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Birk
- Departments of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Cyclosporine A-induced apoptosis in renal tubular cells is related to oxidative damage and mitochondrial fission. Toxicol Lett 2013; 218:30-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Alcohol-induced oxidative/nitrosative stress alters brain mitochondrial membrane properties. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 375:39-47. [PMID: 23212448 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1526-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic alcohol consumption causes numerous biochemical and biophysical changes in the central nervous system, in which mitochondria is the primary organelle affected. In the present study, we hypothesized that alcohol alters the mitochondrial membrane properties and leads to mitochondrial dysfunction via mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Alcohol-induced hypoxia further enhances these effects. Administration of alcohol to rats significantly increased the mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation with decreased SOD2 mRNA and protein expression was decreased, while nitric oxide (NO) levels and expression of iNOS and nNOS in brain cortex were increased. In addition, alcohol augmented HIF-1α mRNA and protein expression in the brain cortex. Results from this study showed that alcohol administration to rats decreased mitochondrial complex I, III, IV activities, Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity and cardiolipin content with increased anisotropic value. Cardiolipin regulates numerous enzyme activities, especially those related to oxidative phosphorylation and coupled respiration. In the present study, decreased cardiolipin could be ascribed to ROS/RNS-induced damage. In conclusion, alcohol-induced ROS/RNS is responsible for the altered mitochondrial membrane properties, and alcohol-induced hypoxia further enhance these alterations, which ultimately leads to mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Cortie CH, Else PL. Dietary docosahexaenoic Acid (22:6) incorporates into cardiolipin at the expense of linoleic Acid (18:2): analysis and potential implications. Int J Mol Sci 2012. [PMID: 23203135 PMCID: PMC3509651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131115447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiolipin is a signature phospholipid of major functional significance in mitochondria. In heart mitochondria the fatty acid composition of cardiolipin is commonly viewed as highly regulated due to its high levels of linoleic acid (18:2n − 6) and the dominant presence of a 4×18:2 molecular species. However, analysis of data from a comprehensive compilation of studies reporting changes in fatty acid composition of cardiolipin in heart and liver mitochondria in response to dietary fat shows that, in heart the accrual of 18:2 into cardiolipin conforms strongly to its dietary availability at up to 20% of total dietary fatty acid and thereafter is regulated. In liver, no dietary conformer trend is apparent for 18:2 with regulated lower levels across the dietary range for 18:2. When 18:2 and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n − 3) are present in the same diet, 22:6 is incorporated into cardiolipin of heart and liver at the expense of 18:2 when 22:6 is up to ~20% and 10% of total dietary fatty acid respectively. Changes in fatty acid composition in response to dietary fat are also compared for the two other main mitochondrial phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, and the potential consequences of replacement of 18:2 with 22:6 in cardiolipin are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin H Cortie
- Metabolic Research Centre (in IHMRI), School of Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
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Handy DE, Loscalzo J. Redox regulation of mitochondrial function. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 16:1323-67. [PMID: 22146081 PMCID: PMC3324814 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Redox-dependent processes influence most cellular functions, such as differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Mitochondria are at the center of these processes, as mitochondria both generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that drive redox-sensitive events and respond to ROS-mediated changes in the cellular redox state. In this review, we examine the regulation of cellular ROS, their modes of production and removal, and the redox-sensitive targets that are modified by their flux. In particular, we focus on the actions of redox-sensitive targets that alter mitochondrial function and the role of these redox modifications on metabolism, mitochondrial biogenesis, receptor-mediated signaling, and apoptotic pathways. We also consider the role of mitochondria in modulating these pathways, and discuss how redox-dependent events may contribute to pathobiology by altering mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane E Handy
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Alemany M. Regulation of adipose tissue energy availability through blood flow control in the metabolic syndrome. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:2108-19. [PMID: 22542444 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of blood flow rate is a critical factor for tissue oxygen and substrate supply. The potentially large mass of adipose tissue deeply influences the body distribution of blood flow. This is due to increased peripheral resistance in obesity and the role of this tissue as the ultimate destination of unused excess of dietary energy. However, adipose tissue cannot grow indefinitely, and the tissue must defend itself against the avalanche of nutrients provoking inordinate growth and inflammation. In the obese, large adipose tissue masses show lower blood flow, limiting the access of excess circulating substrates. Blood flow restriction is achieved by vasoconstriction, despite increased production of nitric oxide, the vasodilatation effects of which are overridden by catecholamines (and probably also by angiotensin II and endothelin). Decreased blood flow reduces the availability of oxygen, provoking massive glycolysis (hyperglycemic conditions), which results in the production of lactate, exported to the liver for processing. However, this produces local acidosis, which elicits the rapid dissociation of oxyhemoglobin, freeing bursts of oxygen in localized zones of the tissue. The excess of oxygen (and of nitric oxide) induces the production of reactive oxygen species, which deeply affect the endothelial, blood, and adipose cells, inducing oxidative and nitrosative damage and eliciting an increased immune response, which translates into inflammation. The result of the defense mechanism for adipose tissue, localized vasoconstriction, may thus help develop a more generalized pathologic response within the metabolic syndrome parameters, extending its effects to the whole body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marià Alemany
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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Müller C, Gardemann A, Keilhoff G, Peter D, Wiswedel I, Schild L. Prevention of free fatty acid-induced lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and cell death in primary hepatocyte cultures by a Gynostemma pentaphyllum extract. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 19:395-401. [PMID: 22381945 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocytes of a primary cell culture that are exposed to high glucose, insulin, and linoleic (LA) acid concentration respond with lipid accumulation, oxidative stress up to cell death. Such alterations are typically found in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We used this cellular model to study the effect of an ethanolic Gynostemma pentaphyllum (GP) extract in NAFLD. When hepatocytes were cultured in the presence of high insulin, glucose, and LA concentration the extract completely protected the cells from cell death. In parallel, the extract prevented accumulation of triglycerides (TGs) and cholesterol as well as oxidative stress. Our data further demonstrate that GP stimulates the production of nitric oxide (NO) in hepatocytes and affects the molecular composition of the mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin (CL). We conclude that GP is able to protect hepatocytes from cell death, lipid accumulation, and oxidative stress caused by diabetic-like metabolism and lipotoxicity. Therefore, GP could be beneficial for patients with diabetes mellitus and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Müller
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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41
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Lenaz G. Mitochondria and reactive oxygen species. Which role in physiology and pathology? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 942:93-136. [PMID: 22399420 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-2869-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is among the major causes of toxicity due to interaction of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) with cellular macromolecules and structures and interference with signal transduction pathways. The mitochondrial respiratory chain, specially from Complexes I and III, is considered the main origin of ROS particularly under conditions of high membrane potential, but several other sources may be important for ROS generation, such as mitochondrial p66(Shc), monoamine oxidase, α-ketoglutarate dehydogenase, besides redox cycling of redox-active molecules. ROS are able to oxidatively modify lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and nucleic acids in mitochondria and to activate/inactivate signalling pathways by oxidative modification of redox-active factors. Cells are endowed with several defence mechanisms including repair or removal of damaged molecules, and antioxidant systems, either enzymatic or non-enzymatic. Oxidative stress is at the basis of ageing and many pathological disorders, such as ischemic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, and cancer, although the underlying mechanisms are not always completely understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Lenaz
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Ma ZA. The role of peroxidation of mitochondrial membrane phospholipids in pancreatic β -cell failure. Curr Diabetes Rev 2012; 8:69-75. [PMID: 22414059 PMCID: PMC4884441 DOI: 10.2174/157339912798829232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by peripheral insulin resistance and pancreatic islet β-cell failure. Accumulating evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction is a central contributor to β-cell failure in the pathogenesis of T2D. This review focuses on mechanisms whereby reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by β-cell in response to metabolic stress affect mitochondrial structure and function and lead to β-cell failure. Specifically, ROS oxidize mitochondrial membrane phospholipids such as cardiolipin, which impairs membrane integrity and leads to cytochrome c release and apoptosis. In addition, ROS activate UCP2 via peroxidation of the mitochondrial membrane phospholipids, which results in proton leak leading to reduced ATP synthesis and content in β-cells - critical parameters in the regulation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Group VIA Phospholipase A2 (iPLA2β) appears to be a component of a mechanism for repairing mitochondrial phospholipids that contain oxidized fatty acid substituents, and genetic or acquired iPLA2β-deficiency increases β-cell mitochondrial susceptibility to injury from ROS and predisposes to development of T2D. Interventions that attenuate the adverse effects of ROS on β-cell mitochondrial phospholipids may prevent or retard the development of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongmin A Ma
- Division of Experimental Diabetes and Aging, Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Mitochondrial dysfunction and β-cell failure in type 2 diabetes mellitus. EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES RESEARCH 2011; 2012:703538. [PMID: 22110477 PMCID: PMC3216264 DOI: 10.1155/2012/703538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most common human endocrine disease and is characterized by peripheral insulin resistance and pancreatic islet β-cell failure. Accumulating evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction is a central contributor to β-cell failure in the evolution of T2DM. As reviewed elsewhere, reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by β-cell mitochondria as a result of metabolic stress activate several stress-response pathways. This paper focuses on mechanisms whereby ROS affect mitochondrial structure and function and lead to β-cell failure. ROS activate UCP2, which results in proton leak across the mitochondrial inner membrane, and this leads to reduced β-cell ATP synthesis and content, which is a critical parameter in regulating glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. In addition, ROS oxidize polyunsaturated fatty acids in mitochondrial cardiolipin and other phospholipids, and this impairs membrane integrity and leads to cytochrome c release into cytosol and apoptosis. Group VIA phospholipase A2 (iPLA2β) appears to be a component of a mechanism for repairing mitochondrial phospholipids that contain oxidized fatty acid substituents, and genetic or acquired iPLA2β-deficiency increases β-cell mitochondrial susceptibility to injury from ROS and predisposes to developing T2DM. Interventions that attenuate ROS effects on β-cell mitochondrial phospholipids might prevent or retard development of T2DM.
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Carobbio S, Rodriguez-Cuenca S, Vidal-Puig A. Origins of metabolic complications in obesity: ectopic fat accumulation. The importance of the qualitative aspect of lipotoxicity. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2011; 14:520-6. [PMID: 21849895 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0b013e32834ad966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This study highlights two aspects of the concept of lipotoxicity. First, the metabolic consequences following ectopic fat accumulation are not only determined by the amount of lipid accumulated, but also the quality of lipid species. Second, the existence of allostatic mechanisms operating at cellular and tissue levels, which counterbalance the negative effects of lipid overload. RECENT FINDINGS The development of lipidomics has allowed the isolation and identification of a wide range of lipid species. Some are highly reactive and capable of inducing undesirable toxic effects. Here we focus on recent information related to pathways involved in the production of these reactive lipid species, their sites of generation and tropism for specific organelles and the molecular mechanisms through which they exert toxic effects. We describe how cell membranes and the lipid species forming their bilayer constitute the main platform from which reactive lipid species are generated. We propose that strategies aimed at maintaining membrane lipid homeostasis are fundamental to preventing the initiation of metabolically relevant lipotoxicity. SUMMARY It is essential to understand the qualitative component of lipid species involved in cellular toxicity and the molecular mechanisms mediating these toxic effects to identify new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Carobbio
- University of Cambridge, Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Holley AK, Bakthavatchalu V, Velez-Roman JM, St. Clair DK. Manganese superoxide dismutase: guardian of the powerhouse. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:7114-62. [PMID: 22072939 PMCID: PMC3211030 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12107114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrion is vital for many metabolic pathways in the cell, contributing all or important constituent enzymes for diverse functions such as β-oxidation of fatty acids, the urea cycle, the citric acid cycle, and ATP synthesis. The mitochondrion is also a major site of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the cell. Aberrant production of mitochondrial ROS can have dramatic effects on cellular function, in part, due to oxidative modification of key metabolic proteins localized in the mitochondrion. The cell is equipped with myriad antioxidant enzyme systems to combat deleterious ROS production in mitochondria, with the mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) acting as the chief ROS scavenging enzyme in the cell. Factors that affect the expression and/or the activity of MnSOD, resulting in diminished antioxidant capacity of the cell, can have extraordinary consequences on the overall health of the cell by altering mitochondrial metabolic function, leading to the development and progression of numerous diseases. A better understanding of the mechanisms by which MnSOD protects cells from the harmful effects of overproduction of ROS, in particular, the effects of ROS on mitochondrial metabolic enzymes, may contribute to the development of novel treatments for various diseases in which ROS are an important component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron K. Holley
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 454 HSRB, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; E-Mails: (A.K.H.); (V.B.); (J.M.V.-R.)
| | - Vasudevan Bakthavatchalu
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 454 HSRB, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; E-Mails: (A.K.H.); (V.B.); (J.M.V.-R.)
| | - Joyce M. Velez-Roman
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 454 HSRB, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; E-Mails: (A.K.H.); (V.B.); (J.M.V.-R.)
| | - Daret K. St. Clair
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 454 HSRB, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; E-Mails: (A.K.H.); (V.B.); (J.M.V.-R.)
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Cheng ML, Shiao MS, Chiu DTY, Weng SF, Tang HY, Ho HY. Biochemical disorders associated with antiproliferative effect of dehydroepiandrosterone in hepatoma cells as revealed by LC-based metabolomics. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 82:1549-61. [PMID: 21843511 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.07.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2011] [Revised: 07/24/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
DHEA is known to have chemopreventive and antiproliferative activities, and was initially thought to be mediated by inhibition of G6PD. Our previous study has shown that DHEA may act through interference with energy metabolism. To study the effect of pharmacological dose of DHEA on cellular metabolism, and to further delineate the mechanism underlying its antiproliferative effect, we applied a metabolomic approach to globally profile the changes in metabolites in SK-Hep1 cells underexpressing G6PD (Sk-Gi) and control cells (Sk-Sc) after DHEA treatment. RRLC-TOF-MS was used to identify metabolites, and tandem mass spectrometry was used to confirm their identity. DHEA induced changes in glutathione metabolism, lipid metabolism, s-adenosylmethionine (SAM) metabolism, as well as lysine metabolism. Elevation in level of glutathione disulfide, together with a concomitant decrease in level of reduced glutathione, was indicative of increased oxidative stress. Depletion of carnitine and its acyl derivatives reflected decline in fatty acid catabolism. These changes were associated with mitochondrial malfunction and reduction in cellular ATP content. Cardiolipin (CL) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) levels decreased significantly, suggesting that alterations in lipid composition are causally related to decline in mitochondrial function after DHEA treatment. The decline in cellular SAM content was accompanied by decreased expression of methionine adenosyltransferase genes MAT2A and MAT2B. SAM supplementation partially rescued cells from DHEA-induced growth stagnation. Our findings suggest that DHEA causes perturbation of multiple pathways in cellular metabolism. Decreased SAM production, and cardiolipin depletion and the resulting mitochondrial dysfunction underlie the antiproliferative effect of DHEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Cheng
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, 259, Wen-Hwa 1st Rd., Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
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Hermes M, Scholz F, Härdtner C, Walther R, Schild L, Wolke C, Lendeckel U. Electrochemical signals of mitochondria: a new probe of their membrane properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:6872-5. [PMID: 21656880 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201101235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Revised: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hermes
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
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48
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Hermes M, Scholz F, Härdtner C, Walther R, Schild L, Wolke C, Lendeckel U. Electrochemical Signals of Mitochondria: A New Probe of Their Membrane Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201101235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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49
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Spickett CM, Wiswedel I, Siems W, Zarkovic K, Zarkovic N. Advances in methods for the determination of biologically relevant lipid peroxidation products. Free Radic Res 2010; 44:1172-202. [PMID: 20836661 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2010.498476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation is recognized to be an important contributor to many chronic diseases, especially those of an inflammatory pathology. In addition to their value as markers of oxidative damage, lipid peroxidation products have also been shown to have a wide variety of biological and cell signalling effects. In view of this, accurate and sensitive methods for the measurement of lipid peroxidation products are essential. Although some assays have been described for many years, improvements in protocols are continually being reported and, with recent advances in instrumentation and technology, highly specialized and informative techniques are increasingly used. This article gives an overview of the most currently used methods and then addresses the recent advances in some specific approaches. The focus is on analysis of oxysterols, F(2)-isoprostanes and oxidized phospholipids by gas chromatography or liquid chromatography mass spectrometry techniques and immunoassays for the detection of 4-hydroxynonenal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne M Spickett
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.
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50
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Müller C, Gardemann A, Keilhoff G, Peter D, Wiswedel I, Kropf S, Schild L. Palmitate protects hepatocytes from oxidative stress and triacylglyceride accumulation by stimulation of nitric oxide synthesis in the presence of high glucose and insulin concentration. Free Radic Res 2010; 44:1425-34. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2010.512919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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