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Kooshki S, Mirzaeian L, Malakhond MK, Goudarzi I, Ghorbanian MT. The effect of vitamin E on ethanol-induced liver damage in rats. Biol Futur 2024:10.1007/s42977-024-00226-2. [PMID: 38937316 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-024-00226-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Ethanol can have harmful effects on the development of the embryos. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of vitamin E, as an antioxidant, on changes in liver tissue damaged by ethanol in rats. Rats were divided into 11 groups, control, naive, sunflower oil (oil), ethanol, vitamin E (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg), ethanol + vitamin E (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg), and oily ethanol. In the experimental groups, rats received ethanol (v/v 40%) and vitamin E (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) orally once a day from gestational day 0 to 28 days after delivery. Then, we evaluated the weight of rats and their offspring, the number of offspring, and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), as an index of lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), as antioxidant enzymes, in the liver tissue of the offspring. Vitamin E significantly increases in weight of pregnant mothers and their offspring on the 21st day of pregnancy. The level of MDA in the groups receiving vitamin E was significantly reduced compared to the ethanol group. The activity of GPx and SOD antioxidants enzymes was significantly increased in the offspring. Vitamin E could reduce ethanol-induced liver damage in male offspring by reducing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Kooshki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Leila Mirzaeian
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Iran Goudarzi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran
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2
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Mukhopadhyay B, Marietta C, Shen PH, Oiseni A, Mirshahi F, Mazzu M, Hodgkinson C, Winkler E, Yuan Q, Miranda D, Kunos G, Sanyal AJ, Goldman D. A patient-based iPSC-derived hepatocyte model of alcohol-associated cirrhosis reveals bioenergetic insights into disease pathogenesis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2869. [PMID: 38693144 PMCID: PMC11063145 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47085-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Only ~20% of heavy drinkers develop alcohol cirrhosis (AC). While differences in metabolism, inflammation, signaling, microbiome signatures and genetic variations have been tied to the pathogenesis of AC, the key underlying mechanisms for this interindividual variability, remain to be fully elucidated. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes (iHLCs) from patients with AC and healthy controls differ transcriptomically, bioenergetically and histologically. They include a greater number of lipid droplets (LDs) and LD-associated mitochondria compared to control cells. These pre-pathologic indicators are effectively reversed by Aramchol, an inhibitor of stearoyl-CoA desaturase. Bioenergetically, AC iHLCs have lower spare capacity, slower ATP production and their mitochondrial fuel flexibility towards fatty acids and glutamate is weakened. MARC1 and PNPLA3, genes implicated by GWAS in alcohol cirrhosis, show to correlate with lipid droplet-associated and mitochondria-mediated oxidative damage in AC iHLCs. Knockdown of PNPLA3 expression exacerbates mitochondrial deficits and leads to lipid droplets alterations. These findings suggest that differences in mitochondrial bioenergetics and lipid droplet formation are intrinsic to AC hepatocytes and can play a role in its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bani Mukhopadhyay
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Cheryl Marietta
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Pei-Hong Shen
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Abdul Oiseni
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Faridoddin Mirshahi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Maria Mazzu
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Colin Hodgkinson
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Eli Winkler
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Qiaoping Yuan
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Daniel Miranda
- Aivia Machine Learning Team, Leica Microsystems, Inc, Deerfield, IL, USA
| | - George Kunos
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Arun J Sanyal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - David Goldman
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Yan X, Pang P, Zhang H, Mi J, Qin C, Yang L, Yang B, Nie G. In vivo evidence of sea buckthorn relieving oxidative stress and improving immune performance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024. [PMID: 38619986 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sea buckthorn has the functions of antioxidation, antitumor, anti-inflammation and regulating energy metabolism. In order to investigate the effects of sea buckthorn powder and sea buckthorn flavonoids on the antioxidant properties, immune function and muscle fatty acid composition of common carp, an oral feeding experiment was carried out. RESULTS The administration of glucose significantly reduced the levels of glutathione and the activity of total antioxidant capacity enzyme in serum and hepatopancreas, while concurrently upregulating the level of malondialdehyde (MDA)(P < 0.05). Conversely, oral intake of sea buckthorn powder and flavonoids increased antioxidant enzyme activity and decreased MDA levels. In terms of antioxidant molecular indicators, sea buckthorn powder and sea buckthorn flavonoids significantly increased the mRNA levels of nuclear factor NF-E2-related factor (nrf2) in the hepatopancreas and muscle. Meanwhile, mRNA expression levels of downstream antioxidant-related genes (gr, cat, gpx, and sod) regulated by Nrf2 were also upregulated. In the immune aspects, the mRNA expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (il-6), interleukin-1β (il-1β) and nuclear factor-κB (nf-κb), were reduced but the expressions of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as growth factor-β (tgf-β) and interleukin-10 (il-10), were enhanced in the head kidney and spleen tissues after oral administration with sea buckthorn. In terms of muscle fatty acid composition, the ratio of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)/n-6 PUFA was notably higher after administering sea buckthorn flavonoids than that of the glucose group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that oral administration of sea buckthorn powder and sea buckthorn flavonoids significantly enhanced the antioxidant capacity and immune response and improved the muscle fatty acid compositions in common carp, and also mitigated the adverse effects of glucose treatment to a certain extent. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yan
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Peng Pang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jiali Mi
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chaobin Qin
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Liping Yang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Bowen Yang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Guoxing Nie
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
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4
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González-Flores D, Márquez A, Casimiro I. Oxidative Effects in Early Stages of Embryo Development Due to Alcohol Consumption. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4100. [PMID: 38612908 PMCID: PMC11012856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcohol, a widely consumed drug, exerts significant toxic effects on the human organism. This review focuses on its impact during fetal development, when it leads to a spectrum of disorders collectively termed Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). Children afflicted by FASD exhibit distinct clinical manifestations, including facial dysmorphism, delayed growth, and neurological and behavioral disorders. These behavioral issues encompass diminished intellectual capacity, memory impairment, and heightened impulsiveness. While the precise mechanisms underlying alcohol-induced fetal damage remain incompletely understood, research indicates a pivotal role for reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are released during alcohol metabolism, inciting inflammation at the cerebral level. Ethanol metabolism amplifies the generation of oxidant molecules, inducing through alterations in enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems responsible for cellular homeostasis. Alcohol consumption disrupts endogenous enzyme activity and fosters lipid peroxidation in consumers, potentially affecting the developing fetus. Addressing this concern, administration of metformin during the prenatal period, corresponding to the third trimester of human pregnancy, emerges as a potential therapeutic intervention for mitigating FASD. This proposed approach holds promise for ameliorating the adverse effects of alcohol exposure on fetal development and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David González-Flores
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Zoology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Antonia Márquez
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Zoology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Ilda Casimiro
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain;
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Baek SM, Kim TU, Lee YJ, Lee SW, Yim JH, Kim WJ, Kim HY, Kang KK, Kim SD, Park SJ, Choi SK, Park JK. Disrupted intestinal mucosal barrier mediated by alcohol consumption aggravates systemic microplastic accumulation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115342. [PMID: 37567104 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Waste plastics are degraded into microplastics (MPs), which are easily accumulated in the human body through digestive tracts, via the food chain. Alcohol is a widely consumed chemical throughout the world with the ability to alter the intestinal barrier. For this reason, this study was aimed to investigate exact relevance between alcohol consumption and organ distributions of MPs in an ethanol feeding animal model characterized by disrupted intestinal mucosal barriers. In this study, C57BL/6 mice were separated into control, control + MP, ethanol (EtOH), and EtOH + MP groups. Mice in the EtOH group ingested a Lieber-DeCarli diet containing EtOH. Mice in the MP groups ingested 0.1 mg/kg fluorophore polymerized polystyrene microplastics via oral gavage polystyrene MPs via oral gavage. The EtOH + MP group showed higher MP accumulation in the liver than the control + MP group. The same pattern was observed in the intestines, spleen, and brain. This pattern was more prominent in the intestines, with the EtOH + MP group showing the most severe damage due to EtOH ingestion. This result suggests that the intestinal mucosa disruption caused by EtOH ingestion exacerbates MP accumulation in the organs. Moreover, hepatic steatosis was more severe in the EtOH + MP group than in the EtOH group, suggesting the secondary manifestation mediated by MP accumulation. This study reports a novel MP accumulation pattern in the body by providing novel insights into alcohol-induced gut permeability and microplastics toxicity from the perspective of gut-liver axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Min Baek
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Un Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Lee
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoung-Woo Lee
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Core Protein Resources Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyuk Yim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jun Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Yeon Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Core Protein Resources Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ku Kang
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41016, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Dae Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Joon Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Kyoon Choi
- Core Protein Resources Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin-Kyu Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Qiao J, Li H, Jinxiang C, Shi Y, Li N, Zhu P, Zhang S, Miao M. Mulberry fruit repairs alcoholic liver injury by modulating lipid metabolism and the expression of miR-155 and PPARα in rats. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:261. [PMID: 37530875 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01131-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
As alcohol consumption increases, alcoholic liver disease (ALD) has become more popular and is threating our human life. In this study, we found mulberry fruit extract (MFE) repaired alcohol-caused liver diseases by regulating hepatic lipid biosynthesis pathway and oxidative singling in alcoholically liver injured (ALI) rats. MFE administration inhibited hepatic lipid accumulation and improved liver steatosis in ALI rats. MFE also enhanced the antioxidant capacity and alleviated the inflammatory response by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes and decreasing the contents of interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Additionally, MFE regulated the expression of miRNA-155 and lipid metabolism-related PPARα protein in rats. Both miR-155 and PPARα play important roles in liver function. The results indicate that MFE has hepatoprotective effects against ALI in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Qiao
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- People's Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Hanwei Li
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Chen Jinxiang
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yanmei Shi
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Ning Li
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Pingsheng Zhu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Sisen Zhang
- People's Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Mingsan Miao
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
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7
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Liu R, Li D, Xie J, Wang L, Hu Y, Tian Y. Air pollution, alcohol consumption, and the risk of elevated liver enzyme levels: a cross-sectional study in the UK Biobank. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:87527-87534. [PMID: 37428318 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28659-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Evidences on the association between exposure to air pollution and liver enzymes was scarce in low pollution area. We aimed to investigate the association between air pollution and liver enzyme levels and further explore whether alcohol intake influence this association. This cross-sectional study included 425,773 participants aged 37 to 73 years from the UK Biobank. Land Use Regression was applied to assess levels of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and NOx. Levels of liver enzymes including AST, ALT, GGT, and ALP were determined by enzymatic rate method. Long-term low-level exposure to PM2.5 (per 5-μg/m3 increase) was significantly associated with AST (0.596% increase, 95% CI, 0.414 to 0.778%), ALT (0.311% increase, 0.031 to 0.593%), and GGT (1.552% increase, 1.172 to 1.933%); The results were similar for PM10; NOX and NO2 were only significantly correlated with AST and GGT Significant modification effects by alcohol consumption were found (P-interaction < 0.05). The effects of pollutants on AST, ALT, and GGT levels gradually increased along with the weekly alcohol drinking frequency. In conclusion, long-term low-level air pollutants exposure was associated with elevated liver enzyme levels. And alcohol intake may exacerbate the effect of air pollution on liver enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dankang Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Junqing Xie
- Center for Statistics in Medicine, NDORMS, University of Oxford, The Botnar Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Lulin Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yonghua Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yaohua Tian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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8
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Patil VS, Harish DR, Sampat GH, Roy S, Jalalpure SS, Khanal P, Gujarathi SS, Hegde HV. System Biology Investigation Revealed Lipopolysaccharide and Alcohol-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Resembled Hepatitis B Virus Immunobiology and Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11146. [PMID: 37446321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B infection caused by the hepatitis B virus is a life-threatening cause of liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Researchers have produced multiple in vivo models for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and, currently, there are no specific laboratory animal models available to study HBV pathogenesis or immune response; nonetheless, their limitations prevent them from being used to study HBV pathogenesis, immune response, or therapeutic methods because HBV can only infect humans and chimpanzees. The current study is the first of its kind to identify a suitable chemically induced liver cirrhosis/HCC model that parallels HBV pathophysiology. Initially, data from the peer-reviewed literature and the GeneCards database were compiled to identify the genes that HBV and seven drugs (acetaminophen, isoniazid, alcohol, D-galactosamine, lipopolysaccharide, thioacetamide, and rifampicin) regulate. Functional enrichment analysis was performed in the STRING server. The network HBV/Chemical, genes, and pathways were constructed by Cytoscape 3.6.1. About 1546 genes were modulated by HBV, of which 25.2% and 17.6% of the genes were common for alcohol and lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatitis. In accordance with the enrichment analysis, HBV activates the signaling pathways for apoptosis, cell cycle, PI3K-Akt, TNF, JAK-STAT, MAPK, chemokines, NF-kappa B, and TGF-beta. In addition, alcohol and lipopolysaccharide significantly activated these pathways more than other chemicals, with higher gene counts and lower FDR scores. In conclusion, alcohol-induced hepatitis could be a suitable model to study chronic HBV infection and lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatitis for an acute inflammatory response to HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal S Patil
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi 590010, India
- KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi 590010, India
| | - Darasaguppe R Harish
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi 590010, India
| | - Ganesh H Sampat
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi 590010, India
- KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi 590010, India
| | - Subarna Roy
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi 590010, India
| | - Sunil S Jalalpure
- KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi 590010, India
| | - Pukar Khanal
- KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi 590010, India
| | - Swarup S Gujarathi
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi 590010, India
- KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi 590010, India
| | - Harsha V Hegde
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi 590010, India
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9
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Moraes L, Dries S, Seibert B, Linden R, Perassolo M. Evaluation of oxidative stress markers in ethanol users. Braz J Med Biol Res 2023; 56:e12465. [PMID: 36856254 PMCID: PMC9974081 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2023e12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethanol is a central nervous system depressant that is widely consumed worldwide. When consumed chronically, it may have several consequences to the organism, such as oxidative stress. Ethanol metabolism increases the production of oxidant molecules and its consumption may cause changes in enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems that maintain cellular homeostasis. The activity of endogenous enzymes and lipid peroxidation are altered in alcohol consumers. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate oxidative stress parameters in ethanol users compared to a control group. For that, the activity of the enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, the ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP), and malondialdehyde were evaluated. The influence of the amount of ethanol consumed on the analyzed parameters was also verified. The group of alcohol users consisted of 52 volunteers, 85% male and 15% female, with a mean age of 41±13 years. The control group consisted of 50 non-drinkers, 40% male and 60% female, with a mean age of 50±10 years. There was a significant difference in superoxide dismutase (P<0.001) and malondialdehyde (P=0.007) measurements between groups, as both parameters were increased in the group of ethanol users. Because of the higher amount of ethanol consumed, there was an increase of the catalase activity parameters and gradual reduction of FRAP. Thus, the ethanol-consuming participants were most likely under oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Moraes
- Programa de Residência Multiprofissional, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brasil
| | - S.S. Dries
- Mestrado Acadêmico em Toxicologia e Análises Toxicológicas, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brasil
| | - B.S. Seibert
- Mestrado Acadêmico em Toxicologia e Análises Toxicológicas, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brasil
| | - R. Linden
- Laboratório de Análises Toxicológicas, Mestrado Acadêmico em Toxicologia e Análises Toxicológicas, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brasil
| | - M.S. Perassolo
- Laboratório de Análises Toxicológicas, Mestrado Acadêmico em Toxicologia e Análises Toxicológicas, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brasil
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10
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El-Shawi OE, El-Nashar HAS, Abd El-Rahman SS, Eldahshan OA, Singab ANB. Protective effect of acrocarpus fraxinifolius extract against hepatic fibrosis induced by Gamma irradiation and carbon tetrachloride in albino rats. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:270-280. [PMID: 35675546 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2087926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Liver fibrosis is considered as one of the ultimate outcomes of chronic liver disorders, characterized by outrageous cell proliferation and abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix, resulting in sever pathological distortions in the architecture and performance of liver tissues. The present study aimed to investigate the protective properties of aqueous methanol extract of Acrocarpus fraxinifolius leaves (AFL) against liver fibrosis induced by dual toxicity of γ-irradiation and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats. METHODS The animals were exposed to 2 Gy irradiation once/week concurrently with intraperitoneal administration of CCl4 (0.2 mL/100 g body weight) for seven weeks. Afterwards, liver toxicity and fibrosis were assessed biochemically at cellular and molecular as well as histopathological levels. RESULTS The livers of intoxicated rats showed distinct structural and functional changes, compared with the normal rats. The administration of AFL (500 mg/kg, p.o) significantly ameliorated the histopathological manifestations of fibrotic liver evidenced by mitigated steatosis progression, necrosis, fibrotic septa, apoptotic bodies, and immunochistochemical studies of alpha-smooth muscle actin. Also, AFL increased the final body weight, total protein, albumin levels and albumin/globulin ratio. While, the absolute liver weight, liver enzymes, total cholesterol and triglycerides were reduced. A significant modulation was observed in hydroxyproline, transforming growth factor-β and collagen-1expression. Furthermore, AFL exerted a direct effect on liver fibrosis by promoting extracellular matrix degradation via overexpression of the tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1, coupled with decease of metalloproteinase-9 activity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that AFL effectively improved the architecture of fibrotic liver and modified the biochemical markers of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omama E El-Shawi
- Health Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba A S El-Nashar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt.,Center for Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain Shams University, Egypt
| | - Sahar S Abd El-Rahman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omayma A Eldahshan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt.,Center for Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain Shams University, Egypt
| | - Abdel Nasser B Singab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt.,Center for Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain Shams University, Egypt
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Han J, Lee C, Hur J, Jung Y. Current Therapeutic Options and Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Alcoholic Liver Disease. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010022. [PMID: 36611816 PMCID: PMC9818513 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a globally prevalent chronic liver disease caused by chronic or binge consumption of alcohol. The therapeutic efficiency of current therapies for ALD is limited, and there is no FDA-approved therapy for ALD at present. Various strategies targeting pathogenic events in the progression of ALD are being investigated in preclinical and clinical trials. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising candidate for ALD treatment and have been tested in several clinical trials. MSC-released factors have captured attention, as they have the same therapeutic function as MSCs. Herein, we focus on current therapeutic options, recently proposed strategies, and their limitations in ALD treatment. Also, we review the therapeutic effects of MSCs and those of MSC-related secretory factors on ALD. Although accumulating evidence suggests the therapeutic potential of MSCs and related factors in ALD, the mechanisms underlying their actions in ALD have not been well studied. Further investigations of the detailed mechanisms underlying the therapeutic role of MSCs in ALD are required to expand MSC therapies to clinical applications. This review provides information on current or possible treatments for ALD and contributes to our understanding of the development of effective and safe treatments for ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsol Han
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanbin Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Systems Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
- PNU GRAND Convergence Medical Science Education Research Center, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (Y.J.); Tel.: +82-51-510-8074 (J.H.); +82-51-510-2262 (Y.J.)
| | - Youngmi Jung
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (Y.J.); Tel.: +82-51-510-8074 (J.H.); +82-51-510-2262 (Y.J.)
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Huang W, Liu WY, Chen LY, Ni L, Zou XX, Ye M, Zhang ZY, Zou SQ. Flavonoid and chromone-rich extract from Euscaphis Konishii Hayata leaf attenuated alcoholic liver injury in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 295:115455. [PMID: 35697192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Euscaphis konishii Hayata is a traditional medicinal plant in China, and its leaves are usually used to make dishes for hepatic or gastrointestinal issues by Chinese She nationality. Pharmacological analysis showed that E. konishii leaves contain high levels of flavonoids and chromones with favorable anti-hepatoma effect. AIM OF THE STUDY The extract from E. konishii leaves was detected to evaluate its chemical composition, and the alcoholic liver injury mice model was adopted to elucidate its hepatoprotective effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS The total leaf extract from E. konishii was separated by polyamide column to get the flavonoid and chromone-rich extract (FCE). Single compounds from FCE was purified by gel and Sephadex LH-20 chromatography and analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The chemical component of FCE was confirmed and quantified by HPLC-MS. The OH·, O2-, DPPH and ABTS + free radical assays were adopted to estimate the antioxidant activity of FCE in vitro. The alcohol-fed model mice were established to assess the hepatoprotective capacity of FCE in vivo, through biochemical determination, histopathological analysis, mitochondrial function measurement, quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) detection and Western blot determination. RESULTS 8 flavonoids and 2 chromones were recognized in the FCEextract by both NMR and HPLC-MS. FCE represented strong free radicals scavenging activity in vitro. With oral administration, FCE (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) dose-dependently decreased the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in alcohol-fed mice. FCE gradually reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the alcohol-treated liver tissues. FCE also alleviated the hepatic inflammation, inhibited the hepatocyte apoptosis and lessened the alcohol-induced histological alteration and lipid accumulation in the liver tissues. FCE administration inhibited the overexpression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperones signaling and unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways to defense the ER-induced apoptosis. Pretreatment with FCE also restored the mitochondrial membrane potentials andadenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, which in turn suppressed the Cytochrome C release and mitochondria-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS FCE conferred great protection against alcoholic liver injury, which might be associated with its viability through suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS) stress and hepatocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Engineering Research Institute of Conservation, Utilization of Natural Bioresources, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Wan-Yi Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Lu-Yao Chen
- Engineering Research Institute of Conservation, Utilization of Natural Bioresources, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Lin Ni
- Engineering Research Institute of Conservation, Utilization of Natural Bioresources, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xiao-Xing Zou
- Engineering Research Institute of Conservation, Utilization of Natural Bioresources, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Min Ye
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China
| | - Zhong-Yi Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Shuang-Quan Zou
- Engineering Research Institute of Conservation, Utilization of Natural Bioresources, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Oxidative Stress, Genomic Integrity, and Liver Diseases. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103159. [PMID: 35630636 PMCID: PMC9147071 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Excess reactive oxygen species production and free radical formation can lead to oxidative stress that can damage cells, tissues, and organs. Cellular oxidative stress is defined as the imbalance between ROS production and antioxidants. This imbalance can lead to malfunction or structure modification of major cellular molecules such as lipids, proteins, and DNAs. During oxidative stress conditions, DNA and protein structure modifications can lead to various diseases. Various antioxidant-specific gene expression and signal transduction pathways are activated during oxidative stress to maintain homeostasis and to protect organs from oxidative injury and damage. The liver is more vulnerable to oxidative conditions than other organs. Antioxidants, antioxidant-specific enzymes, and the regulation of the antioxidant responsive element (ARE) genes can act against chronic oxidative stress in the liver. ARE-mediated genes can act as the target site for averting/preventing liver diseases caused by oxidative stress. Identification of these ARE genes as markers will enable the early detection of liver diseases caused by oxidative conditions and help develop new therapeutic interventions. This literature review is focused on antioxidant-specific gene expression upon oxidative stress, the factors responsible for hepatic oxidative stress, liver response to redox signaling, oxidative stress and redox signaling in various liver diseases, and future aspects.
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U. Uno U, Offiong J, Esua I, Ekaluo U. Attenuating Effect of Some Antioxidants on Caffeine Induced Oxidative Stress and Hepatotoxicity in Male Albino Rats. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.3923/jms.2022.140.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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15
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Ahmad SB, Rashid SM, Wali AF, Ali S, Rehman MU, Maqbool MT, Nadeem A, Ahmad SF, Siddiqui N. Myricetin (3,3 ',4 ',5,5 ',7-hexahydroxyflavone) prevents ethanol-induced biochemical and inflammatory damage in the liver of Wistar rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271211066843. [PMID: 35156864 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211066843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The current investigation was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of myricetin in ethanol-induced liver toxicity in Wistar rats. Research Design: Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into four groups with six animals per group. Group-I animals were administered with vehicle (distilled water), Group II, III, and IV were treated orally with sequential (per week) increase in the dose of ethanol (5, 8, 10, and 12 g/kg b wt per week in each group) for 28 days. Myricetin was treated orally to Group-III and IV animals at the respective doses of 25 mg/kg b wt. and 50 mg/kg b wt. Results: Our results showed that myricetin prevented hepatotoxicity by modulating the production of free radicals, ethanol metabolizing enzymes, and inflammatory markers in vivo. Myricetin also helped maintain lipid membrane integrity, oxidant-antioxidant status, and histoarchitecture. Ethanol administration caused elevation in XO, ADH, and CYP2E1 in hepatic tissue, which significantly normalized with myricetin administration. After ethanol administration, there was a steep increase in the hepatotoxicity biomarkers, including ALT, MDA, and AST. The level of cytotoxicity marker LDH also increased after ethanol administration; myricetin administration decreased the level of all these markers. Moreover, myricetin treatment also reduced ethanol-induced inflammatory markers such as NF-κB and IL-6. Conclusion: Findings from the current study demonstrate that myricetin administration prevents alcohol-induced hepatic injury by influencing the metabolism of ethanol, inhibiting oxidative stress, maintaining lipid profile, and suppressing inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Bilal Ahmad
- Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, 77177SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Shahzada Mudaisr Rashid
- Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, 77177SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Adil Farooq Wali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, RAK College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 286661RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE
| | - Shafat Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, (GMC-Srinagar), KaranNagar Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Muneeb U Rehman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, 37850King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mir Tahir Maqbool
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, 8083University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Ahmed Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, 37850King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheikh Fayaz Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, 37850King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahid Siddiqui
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, 77282Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Liu W, Du JJ, Li ZH, Zhang XY, Zuo HD. Liver injury associated with acute pancreatitis: The current status of clinical evaluation and involved mechanisms. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:10418-10429. [PMID: 35004974 PMCID: PMC8686151 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i34.10418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a very common acute disease, and the mortality rate of severe AP (SAP) is between 15% and 35%. The main causes of death are multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and infections. The mortality rate of patients with SAP related to liver failure is as high as 83%, and approximately 5% of the SAP patients have fulminant liver failure. Liver function is closely related to the progression and prognosis of AP. In this review, we aim to elaborate on the clinical manifestations and mechanism of liver injury in patients with AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Juan-Juan Du
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zeng-Hui Li
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xin-Yu Zhang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hou-Dong Zuo
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
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17
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Black soybean-derived peptides exerted protective effect against alcohol-induced liver injury in mice. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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18
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Jiang ZB, Gao J, Chai YH, Li W, Luo YF, Chen YZ. Astragaloside alleviates alcoholic fatty liver disease by suppressing oxidative stress. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2021; 37:718-729. [PMID: 33973356 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) is the most common liver disease and can progress to fatal liver cirrhosis and carcinoma, affecting millions of patients worldwide. The functions of astragaloside on the cardiovascular system have been elucidated. However, its role in AFLD is unclear. Ethanol-treated AML-12 cells were used as a cell model of alcoholic fatty liver. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and Western blotting detected genes and proteins expressions. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, albumin, ferritin, bilirubin, superoxide dismutase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were examined using commercial kits. Lipid accumulation was assessed by Oil red O staining. MTT and flow cytometry measured cell viability and apoptosis. JC-1 was used to analyze mitochondrial membrane potential. A rat model of AFLD was established by treating rats with ethanol. Astragaloside suppressed ethanol-induced lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and the production of AST and ALT in AML-12 cells. Ethanol induced TNF-α and reduced IL-10 expression, which were reversed by astragaloside. Ethanol promoted Bax expression and cytochrome C release and inhibited Bcl-2 and ATP expression. Astragaloside hampered these apoptosis effects in AML-12 cells. Impaired mitochondrial membrane potential was recovered by astragaloside. However, all these astragaloside-mediated beneficial effects were abolished by the ROS inducer pyocyanin. Ethanol-induced activation of NF-κB signaling was suppressed by astragaloside in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that astragaloside inhibited oxidative stress by suppressing the activation of NF-κB signaling, thus improving liver function and alleviating AFLD in rats. Our study elucidates the pharmacological mechanism of astragaloside and provides potential therapeutic strategies for AFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Bin Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Yi-Hui Chai
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Yun-Feng Luo
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Yun-Zhi Chen
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
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Farashbandi AL, Shariati M, Mokhtari M. Comparing the Protective Effects of Curcumin and Ursodeoxycholic Acid after Ethanol-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rat Liver. Ethiop J Health Sci 2021; 31:673-682. [PMID: 34483625 PMCID: PMC8365490 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v31i3.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption can cause hepatitis and long-term cirrhosis of the liver. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of curcumin (CUR) and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) alone and together in the prevention and treatment of liver damage caused by overuse of ethanol. METHODS Adult Wistar rats were divided into 8 groups of 5, including the control group and various combinations of ethanol, CUR and UDCA groups. Twenty-eight days after the oral treatment, serum levels of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and Arginase I (ArgI) as well as serum levels of Albumin (Alb), total protein (TP) and Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) were measured, and liver tissue was evaluated histopathologically. RESULTS The solo administration of CUR, UDCA and CUR+UDCA had no effect on the blood parameters and liver tissue compared to the control group (p>0.05). The solo administration of CUR and UDCA in ethanol-treated rats significantly reduced ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, ArgI and BUN levels (p<0.05), while the solo administration increased Alb and TP levels compared to the ethanol group (p<0.05). In these groups, a significant decrease in cell necrosis and local inflammation of hepatocytes was observed, and the liver damage was mild. However, co-administration of ethanol, CUR and UDCA made significantly greater decrease in ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, ArgI and BUN levels (p>0.05), while the co-administration greatly increased Alb and TP levels compared to the ethanol group (p<0.05). Histopathologically, a decrease in structural changes in liver tissue and inflammation was observed, resulting in the improvement of liver tissue. CONCLUSION The solo administration of CUR and UDCA could reduce ethanol-induced liver damage in rats and improve liver's serum and blood parameters. However, the coadministration of CUR and UDCA has a greater efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehrdad Shariati
- Department of Biology, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
| | - Mokhtar Mokhtari
- Department of Biology, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
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Sang L, Kang K, Sun Y, Li Y, Chang B. FOXO4 ameliorates alcohol-induced chronic liver injury via inhibiting NF-κB and modulating gut microbiota in C57BL/6J mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107572. [PMID: 33798806 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal mucosa barrier function and gut-liver axis are impaired by ethanol in chronic alcoholic liver disease (ALD). However, the possible mechanism is not clear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Forkhead Box O4 (FOXO4) on alcohol-induced chronic liver injury and its molecular mechanism(s). METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were injected with or without FOXO4-WT, FOXO4-TB or NF-κB vectors, and fed with Lieber-DeCarli liquid diets containing 36% ethanol for eight weeks to induce chronic ALD. Thereafter, blood, liver, colon and fecal samples were collected. Biochemical parameters, endotoxin and inflammatory cytokines in the blood and antioxidant enzymes in the liver were tested by commercial kits. Histopathological changes in the liver were evaluated by HE staining. In addition, the mRNA and protein expression of FOXO4, NF-κB, ZO-1 and Occluding in the colon were measured by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. Furthermore, gut microbiota composition in the fecal samples was investigated with 16S rDNA sequencing. RESULTS FOXO4 significantly ameliorated liver histopathological damage. Moreover, FOXO4 reduced the serum endotoxin, biochemical parameters (ALT, AST, ALP and TG), antioxidant enzymes (ROS and MDA), inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α), but restored the levels of GSH, SOD and IL-10. Furthermore, FOXO4 significantly inhibited the expression of NF-κB, p-NF-κB p65, p-IKKα and p-IKKβ, and up-regulated the expression of ZO-1 and Occludin. Additionally, FOXO4 modulated the gut microbiota composition and certain bacteria including Odoribacter, Parasutterella and Psychrobacter. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that FOXO4 protects against alcohol-induced chronic liver injury via inhibiting NF-κB and modulating gut microbiota in C57BL/6J mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixuan Sang
- Department of Geriatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kai Kang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yiling Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bing Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Arellanes-Robledo J, Ibrahim J, Reyes-Gordillo K, Shah R, Leckey L, Lakshman MR. Flightless-I is a potential biomarker for the early detection of alcoholic liver disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 183:114323. [PMID: 33166508 PMCID: PMC8614159 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is closely linked to oxidative stress induction. Antioxidant enzymes balance oxidative stress and function as intermediary signaling regulators. Nucleoredoxin (NXN), an antioxidant enzyme, regulates physiological processes through redox-sensitive interactions. NXN interacts with myeloid differentiation primary response gene-88 (MYD88) and flightless-I (FLII) to regulate toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/MYD88 pathway activation, but FLII also regulates key cell processes and is secreted into the bloodstream. However, the effects of chronic ethanol consumption recapitulated by either ethanol alone or in combination with lipopolysaccharides (LPS), as a two-hit ALD model, on FLII/NXN/MYD88 complex and FLII secretion have not been explored yet. In this study, we have demonstrated that ethanol feeding increased FLII protein levels, its nuclear translocation and plasma secretion, and modified its tissue distribution both in vivo and in vitro ALD models. Ethanol increased MYD88/FLII interaction ratio, and decreased NXN/MYD88 interaction ratio but this was partially reverted by two-hit model. While ethanol and two-hit model increased MYD88/TLR4 interaction ratio, two-hit model significantly decreased FLII nuclear translocation and its plasma secretion. Ethanol and LPS provoked similar effects in vitro; however, NXN overexpression partially reverted these alterations, and ethanol alone increased FLII secretion into culture medium. In summary, by analyzing the response of FLII/NXN/MYD88 complex during ALD early progression both in vivo and in vitro, we have discovered that the effects of chronic ethanol consumption disrupt this complex and identified FLII as a candidate non-invasive plasma biomarker for the early detection of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Arellanes-Robledo
- Lipid Research Laboratory, VA Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA; Laboratory of Hepatic Diseases, National Institute of Genomic Medicine - INMEGEN, CDMX, Mexico; Directorate of Cátedras, National Council of Science and Technology - CONACYT, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Joseph Ibrahim
- Lipid Research Laboratory, VA Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Karina Reyes-Gordillo
- Lipid Research Laboratory, VA Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Ruchi Shah
- Lipid Research Laboratory, VA Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Leslie Leckey
- Lipid Research Laboratory, VA Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - M Raj Lakshman
- Lipid Research Laboratory, VA Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA
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Yuan F, Xu Y, You K, Zhang J, Yang F, Li YX. Calcitriol alleviates ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity via AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagy. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 697:108694. [PMID: 33232716 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Excessive ethanol consumption causes cellular damage, leading to fetal alcohol syndrome and alcohol liver diseases, which are frequently seen with vitamin D (VD) deficiency. A great deal of progress has been achieved in the mechanisms of ethanol-induced hepatocyte damage. However, there are limited intervention means to reduce or rescue hepatocytes damage caused by ethanol. On the basis of our preliminary limited screen process, calcitriol showed a positive effect on protecting hepatocyte viability. Therefore, the molecular basis is worth elucidating. We found that calcitriol pretreatment markedly improved the cell viability, decreased cell apoptosis and oxidative stress and alleviated the abnormal mitochondrial morphology and membrane potential of hepatocytes induced by ethanol. Notably, autophagy was significantly enhanced by calcitriol, as evident by the increasing number of autophagosomes and autolysosomes, upregulated LC3B-Ⅱ and ATG5 levels, and promotion of p62 degradation. Furthermore, calcitriol pretreatment increased the colocalization of GFP-LC3-labeled autophagosomes with mitochondria, suggesting that calcitriol effectively promoted ethanol-induced mitophagy in hepatocytes. In addition, the inhibition of autophagy attenuated the protective and preventive effect of calcitriol. Furthermore, the effect of calcitriol on autophagy was regulated by AMPK/mTOR signaling, and signaling transduction was dependent on the Vitamin D receptor (VDR). In conclusion, calcitriol ameliorates ethanol-induced hepatocyte damage by enhancing autophagy. It may offer a convenient preventive and hepatoprotective mean for people on occasional social drink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 230027, Hefei, China; Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Xu
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai You
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaye Zhang
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yin-Xiong Li
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China.
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23
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Ren J, Sha W, Shang S, Yuan E. Hepatoprotective peptides purified from
Corbicula fluminea
and its effect against ethanol‐induced LO2 cells injury. Int J Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoyan Ren
- School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China
- Research Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Wanqian Sha
- School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Shuaiming Shang
- School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Erdong Yuan
- School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China
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24
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Alarcón‐Sánchez BR, Guerrero‐Escalera D, Rosas‐Madrigal S, Ivette Aparicio‐Bautista D, Reyes‐Gordillo K, Lakshman MR, Ortiz‐Fernández A, Quezada H, Medina‐Contreras Ó, Villa‐Treviño S, Isael Pérez‐Carreón J, Arellanes‐Robledo J. Nucleoredoxin interaction with flightless‐I/actin complex is differentially altered in alcoholic liver disease. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 127:389-404. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brisa Rodope Alarcón‐Sánchez
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases National Institute of Genomic Medicine CDMX Mexico
- Departament of Cell Biology Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute CDMX Mexico
| | | | - Sandra Rosas‐Madrigal
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases National Institute of Genomic Medicine CDMX Mexico
| | | | - Karina Reyes‐Gordillo
- Lipid Research Laboratory VA Medical Center Washington DC USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine The George Washington University Medical Center Washington DC USA
| | - M. Raj Lakshman
- Lipid Research Laboratory VA Medical Center Washington DC USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine The George Washington University Medical Center Washington DC USA
| | - Arturo Ortiz‐Fernández
- Departament of Cell Biology Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute CDMX Mexico
| | - Héctor Quezada
- Research Laboratory in Immunology and Proteomics Children's Hospital of Mexico "Federico Gómez” CDMX Mexico
| | - Óscar Medina‐Contreras
- Research Department in Community Health Children's Hospital of Mexico "Federico Gómez" CDMX Mexico
| | - Saúl Villa‐Treviño
- Departament of Cell Biology Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute CDMX Mexico
| | | | - Jaime Arellanes‐Robledo
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases National Institute of Genomic Medicine CDMX Mexico
- Directorate of Cátedras National Council of Science and Technology CDMX Mexico
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25
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Maeda H, Minayoshi Y, Ichimizu S, Mizuta Y, Nagasaki T, Matsusaka K, Oshiro S, Oniki K, Saruwatari J, Ishima Y, Watanabe H, Otagiri M, Maruyama T. Repeated Administration of Kupffer Cells-Targeting Nanoantioxidant Ameliorates Liver Fibrosis in an Experimental Mouse Model. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:93-101. [PMID: 31902937 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Kupffer cells are a major producer of reactive oxygen species and have been implicated in the development of liver fibrosis during chronic hepatitis in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH). We recently reported on the development of a polythiolated and mannosylated human serum albumin (SH-Man-HSA) that functions as a Kupffer cell-targeting nanoantioxidant. In this material, the albumin is mannosylated, which permits it to be taken up by mannose receptor C type 1 expressed on Kupffer cells, and is also polythiolated to have antioxidant activity. To clarify the anti-fibrotic property of this nanoantioxidant, we repeatedly administered SH-Man-HSA to a liver fibrosis mouse model that was induced by the repeated treatment of the concanavalin-A, which mimics the liver fibrosis observed in NASH and ASH. SH-Man-HSA dramatically improved the survival rate and suppressed liver fibrosis in the experimental model. In addition, SH-Man-HSA suppressed hepatic oxidative stress levels, thereby decreasing the numbers of apoptotic cells. In contrast, N-acetylcysteine, which contains the same thiol content as the SH-Man-HSA, failed to show a substantial therapeutic effect in these mice. The expression levels of inflammatory genes including epidermal growth factor module-containing mucin-like receptor (Emr-1/F4/80), Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4), high mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1), CC chemokine ligand-5 (CCL-5), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), CCL-2, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-1β, as well as fibrotic (α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and Snail) and extracellular matrix genes (collagen, type Iα2 (Col1α2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1)), showed some decreasing trends by the SH-Man-HSA administration. These findings suggest that the repeated administration of the Kupffer cell-targeting nanoantioxidant, SH-Man-HSA, ameliorates liver fibrosis in mice by suppressing the level of oxidative stress and a portion of the inflammation, and has a potential therapeutic effect against NASH and ASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Maeda
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Yuki Minayoshi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Shota Ichimizu
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Yuki Mizuta
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Taisei Nagasaki
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Kotaro Matsusaka
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Shun Oshiro
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Kentaro Oniki
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Junji Saruwatari
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Yu Ishima
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Masaki Otagiri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and DDS Research Institute, Sojo University
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
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26
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Carotenoids and fatty liver disease: Current knowledge and research gaps. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158597. [PMID: 31904420 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.158597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids form an important part of the human diet, consumption of which has been associated with many health benefits. With the growing global burden of liver disease, increasing attention has been paid on the possible beneficial role that carotenoids may play in the liver. This review focuses on carotenoid actions in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Indeed, many human studies have suggested an association between decreased circulating levels of carotenoids and increased incidence of NAFLD and ALD. The literature describing supplementation of individual carotenoids in rodent models of NAFLD and ALD is reviewed, with particular attention paid to β-carotene and lycopene, but also including β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, and astaxanthin. The effect of beta-carotene oxygenase 1 and 2 knock-out mice on hepatic lipid metabolism is also discussed. In general, there is evidence to suggest that carotenoids have beneficial effects in animal models of both NAFLD and ALD. Mechanistically, these benefits may occur via three possible modes of action: 1) improved hepatic antioxidative status broadly attributed to carotenoids in general, 2) the generation of vitamin A from β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin, leading to improved hepatic retinoid signaling, and 3) the generation of apocarotenoid metabolites from β-carotene and lycopene, that may regulate hepatic signaling pathways. Gaps in our knowledge regarding carotenoid mechanisms of action in the liver are highlighted throughout, and the review ends by emphasizing the importance of dose effects, mode of delivery, and mechanism of action as important areas for further study. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Carotenoids recent advances in cell and molecular biology edited by Johannes von Lintig and Loredana Quadro.
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27
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Identification of Mitochondrial Ligands with Hepatoprotective Activity from Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix Using Affinity Ultrafiltration/Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:5729263. [PMID: 31950043 PMCID: PMC6948297 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5729263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the incidence of diseases associated with hepatic injury has increased in prevalence. Targeting the mitochondria to protect liver function has gained momentum due to their central role in energy production, apoptotic cell death, oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis, and lipid metabolism. In this study, we employed a hepatic mitochondria-based centrifugal ultrafiltration/liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method (CM-HMC) to identify hepatic mitochondria ligands from medicinal herbs (MHs) including Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix (NRR) that possess hepatic-protective effects. A total of 4 newly identified mitochondrial ligands were successfully identified by CM-HMC. The mitochondria-regulating activities of 3 of the 4 hits were confirmed using isolated mitochondria. The hepatic-protective effects of one of these hits were validated in carbon tetrachloride-damaged human liver L02 cell models. We have thus identified new natural hepatic-protectants that enhance our understanding of the hepatic-protective mechanisms of MHs. CM-HMC was proven to efficiently screen for mitochondrial ligands from MHs.
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28
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Azizi M, Abbasi N, Mohamadpour M, Bakhtiyari S, Asadi S, Shirzadpour E, Aidy A, Mohamadpour M, Amraei M. Investigating the effect of Crocus sativus L. petal hydroalcoholic extract on inflammatory and enzymatic indices resulting from alcohol use in kidney and liver of male rats. J Inflamm Res 2019; 12:269-283. [PMID: 31632125 PMCID: PMC6790211 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s216125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have shown that consumption of high levels of alcohol causes many negative effects on the liver and kidneys where antioxidant ingredients can be a proper solution to reducing the resulting damages. So, the present study investigated the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) petal with antioxidant properties on the changes in inflammatory and enzymatic indices resulting from alcohol use in the male rats’ kidney and liver. Materials and methods After preparing the extract, LD50 was determined and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed to specify the type and the rate of the active ingredients of the extract. Then, 36 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into six groups (n=6). The first group was only administered with normal saline and the second group only received ethyl alcohol 6 mL/kg/day·BW. The third and the fourth groups received ethyl alcohol 6 mL/kg/day·BW plus 167.5 and 335 mg/kg/day·BW saffron petal extract for 8 weeks. The fifth and the sixth groups received ethyl alcohol 6 mL/kg/day·BW for the first 8 weeks and were subsequently gavage fed on saffron extract for 167.5 and 335 mg/kg/day·BW, respectively, during the next 8 weeks. In the beginning and after the termination of the treatment, blood samples were collected from all rats. Results The LD50 of the extract was about 670 mg/kg. The HPLC results indicated that the extract contains important antioxidant ingredients. At the end of the study, the serum concentration of the inflammatory indices, renal enzymes, and hepatic enzymes experienced a significant reduction in all of the intervened groups compared to the negative control group (minimum significant difference: P<0.05) except for the treatment group 1. Conclusion Based on the current results, the extract has a protective effect in a dosage-dependent way and greater protective roles were documented for higher dosages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monireh Azizi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Naser Abbasi
- Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Mohamadpour
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Salar Bakhtiyari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Sirous Asadi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Ehsan Shirzadpour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Ali Aidy
- Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Mohamadpour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mansour Amraei
- Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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29
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Lee S, Lee J, Lee H, Sung J. Relative protective activities of quercetin, quercetin-3-glucoside, and rutin in alcohol-induced liver injury. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e13002. [PMID: 31378953 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver diseases has been known to be one of the major health risks worldwide. The purpose of this study was aimed to demonstrate the relative protective effect of quercetin, quercetin-3-glucoside, and rutin on alcohol-induced damage in hepatocytes. The hepatotoxicity, antioxidant enzymatic defense mechanisms, and pro-inflammatory mediators were examined for evaluating the hepatoprotective effects of quercetins in hepG2 cells. The results revealed that quercetin and its glucoside derivatives significantly prevented ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity by decreasing hepatic aminotransferase activities and inflammatory response in HepG2 cells. Moreover, the quercetins significantly induced detoxifying enzymes via the nuclear accumulation of the NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and induction of antioxidant response element (ARE) gene. These hepatoprotective activities were observed to be more effective with quercetin aglycone than quercetin glucosides. From the above findings, the present study imply that quercetin aglycone may have a vital function in the therapeutic and preventive strategies of alcoholic liver diseases. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Quercetin is commonly present in fruits and vegetables as aglycone and glucoside-derived forms. In the present study, quercetin and its glycosides was shown to alleviate oxidative stress, glutathione depletion, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in alcohol-induced HepG2 cells via the Nrf2/ARE antioxidant pathway. Moreover, quercetin aglycone had better protective effects against alcohol-induced liver damage in vitro, compared to its glycosylated form. The present study proposed that quercetin aglycone may be a more efficient hepatoprotective agent than its glucoside derivatives such as rutin in the amelioration of alcohol-induced liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyun Lee
- Division of Food and Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Junsoo Lee
- Division of Food and Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hana Lee
- Division of Food and Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jeehye Sung
- Division of Food and Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
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30
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Chen P, Hu M, Liu F, Yu H, Chen C. S-allyl-l-cysteine (SAC) protects hepatocytes from alcohol-induced apoptosis. FEBS Open Bio 2019; 9:1327-1336. [PMID: 31161729 PMCID: PMC6609569 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte apoptosis is frequently observed in alcohol‐related liver disease (ARLD), which ranks among the 30 leading causes of death worldwide. In the current study, we explored the impact of S‐allyl‐l‐cysteine (SAC), an organosulfur component of garlic, on hepatocyte apoptosis induced by alcohol. Rat liver (BRL‐3A) cells were challenged by ethanol with or without SAC treatment. Cell death/viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial Cytochrome C release, and caspase 3 activity were then examined. We found that ethanol remarkably induced apoptosis of hepatocytes, while SAC treatment rescued ethanol‐induced hepatocyte injury, as demonstrated by cell counting kit‐8 (CCK8) assay, TUNEL assay, and annexin V/PI staining assay. Ethanol evoked ROS generation in BRL‐3A cells, and this was abated by SAC pretreatment, as indicated by 2′,7′‐dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFDA) staining assay. Moreover, ethanol suppressed cellular anti‐apoptotic protein B‐cell lymphoma‐2 (Bcl‐2) expression, increased pro‐apoptotic protein Bcl‐2‐associated X protein (Bax) expression, induced mitochondrial Cytochrome C release, and activated the caspase 3‐dependent apoptosis pathway in BRL‐3A cells. SAC was sufficient to abolish all these changes induced by ethanol, thereby revealing the molecular mechanisms underlying its protective effects. In conclusion, SAC protects hepatocytes from ethanol‐induced apoptosis and may be suitable for use as a novel anti‐apoptotic agent for treating ARLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, China
| | - Mingdao Hu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, China
| | - Henghai Yu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
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31
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Zhang XL, Wang ZZ, Shao QH, Zhang Z, Li L, Guo ZY, Sun HM, Zhang Y, Chen NH. RNAi-mediated knockdown of DJ-1 leads to mitochondrial dysfunction via Akt/GSK-3ß and JNK signaling pathways in dopaminergic neuron-like cells. Brain Res Bull 2019; 146:228-236. [PMID: 30634017 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Deletions or some mutations in the gene encoding the multifunctional protein, DJ-1, have been considered to be linked with autosomal recessive early onset Parkinson's disease (PD). Current emerging evidence suggests that DJ-1 is involved in the protection against oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial damage. However, the exact molecular mechanisms underlying this are not completely clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of DJ-1 on the Akt pathway, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) with regard to modulating mitochondrial function. Here we showed that knockdown of DJ-1 resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction, including a decrease in active mitochondrial mass, complex I deficits, and inhibition of cellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) content in the dopaminergic neuron-like cells PC12 and SH-SY5Y. Additionally, loss of DJ-1 impaired Akt signaling, and reduced nuclear translocation of Nrf2, thereby inhibiting activity of Nrf2-regulated downstream antioxidant enzymes such as heme oxygenase-1 and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1. Moreover, DJ-1 knockdown also led to a significant increase in the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, and then promoted the activation of JNK pathways. Furthermore, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by knockdown of DJ-1 were blocked by a JNK inhibitor, which confirmed the important role of JNK activation in mitochondrial dysfunction. In conclusion, the present study indicates that DJ-1 knockdown leads to mitochondrial dysfunction in dopaminergic neuron-like cells, at least in part, through suppressing the Akt/GSK3β pathway and impairing the oxidative stress response, as well as through the subsequent increased JNK activation in dopaminergic neuron-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qian-Hang Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Guo
- Department of Anatomy, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hong-Mei Sun
- Department of Anatomy, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Nai-Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China.
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32
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Wu X, Huang Q, Xu N, Cai J, Luo D, Zhang Q, Su Z, Gao C, Liu Y. Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Water Extract of Acrostichum aureum Linn. against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2018; 2018:3585394. [PMID: 30643529 PMCID: PMC6311278 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3585394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Acrostichum aureum Linn., a medicinal pteridophyte growing in mangrove forests and coastal regions of tropical and subtropical areas worldwide, has been proved to possess various biological effects. However, the protective effect of Acrostichum aureum Linn. against gastric ulcer still remains unidentified. Therefore, the gastroprotective effect of the water extract of Acrostichum aureum Linn. (WEAC) was investigated in ethanol-induced gastric injury model. According to our results, pretreatment with WEAC (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) could dramatically decrease the ulcer areas and ameliorate the pathological damage induced by alcohol in rat's gastric tissues. In addition, WEAC administration prevented the stomach from oxidative damage via markedly increasing the levels of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and decreasing the malondialdehyde (MDA). Besides, WEAC pretreatment alleviated inflammatory infiltration by reducing the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) as well as decreasing the protein expressions of phosphorylation of IκBα and p65. Taken together, WEAC exerted potential therapeutic efficacy for gastric ulceration, and this may be involved in the suppression of oxidative stress and inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qionghui Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Nan Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jian Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangzhou 510520, China
- Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Dandan Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangzhou 510520, China
- Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Ziren Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Changjun Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangzhou 510520, China
- Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Nikolova-Karakashian M. Alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Focus on ceramide. Adv Biol Regul 2018; 70:40-50. [PMID: 30455063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are class of metabolically distinct lipids that play structural and signaling functions in all organisms. Sphingolipid metabolism is deregulated during various diseases such as cancer, neurological and immune disorders, and metabolic syndrome. With the advancement of sphingo-lipidomics and sphingo-genomics, an understanding of the specific roles of ceramide, the quintessential bioactive sphingolipid, in fatty liver disease has taken shape. Two major pathways for ceramide generation, the de novo pathway and the sphingomyelinase pathway are activated in the course of both, the non-alcoholic and the alcoholic, forms of fatty liver disease. The mechanisms of activation of these two pathways are distinct and reflect the different disease etiology in each case; at the same time, common processes impacted by the resulting ceramide overproduction involve lipotoxocity, ER/mitochondrial stress, inflammation, and de-regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism. Studies in human patients and animal models have delineated specific enzymes and ceramide species that are involved at the different stages of the disease, and represent novel pharmaceutical targets for successful management of fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Nikolova-Karakashian
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 800 Rose Str., MS 508, Lexington, KY, 40536, United States.
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Arellanes-Robledo J, Reyes-Gordillo K, Ibrahim J, Leckey L, Shah R, Lakshman MR. Ethanol targets nucleoredoxin/dishevelled interactions and stimulates phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate production in vivo and in vitro. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 156:135-146. [PMID: 30125555 PMCID: PMC6297114 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nucleoredoxin (NXN) is a redox-regulating protein potentially targeted by reactive oxygen species (ROS). It regulates molecular pathways that participate in several key cellular processes. However, the role of NXN in the alcohol liver disease (ALD) redox regulation has not been fully understood. Here, we investigated the effects of ethanol and ethanol plus lipopolysaccharide, a two-hit liver injury model (Ethanol/LPS), on NXN/dishevelled (DVL) interaction and on DVL-dependent phosphoinositides production both in mouse liver and in a co-culture system consisting of human hepatic stellate cells (HSC) and ethanol metabolizing-VL17A human hepatocyte cells. Ethanol and two-hit model increased Nxn protein and mRNA expression, and 4-hydroxynonenal adducts. Two-hit model promoted Nxn nuclear translocation and Dvl/Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase type-IIα (Pi4k2a) interaction ratio but surprisingly decreased Dvl protein and mRNA levels and reverted ethanol-induced Nxn/Dvl and Dvl/frizzled (Fzd) interaction ratios. Ethanol resulted in a significant increase of Dvl protein and mRNA expression, and decreased Nxn/Dvl interaction ratio but promoted the interaction of Dvl with Fzd and Pi4k2a; formation of this complex induced phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate [PI(4)P] production. Ethanol and LPS treatments provoked similar alterations on NXN/DVL interaction and its downstream effect in HSC/VL17A co-culture system. Interestingly, ROS and glutathione levels as well as most of ethanol-induced alterations were modified by NXN overexpression in the co-culture system. In conclusion, two-hit model of ethanol exposure disrupts NXN/DVL homeostatic status to allow DVL/FZD/PI4K2A complex formation and stimulates PI(4)P production. These results provide a new mechanism showing that NXN also participates in the regulation of phosphoinositides production that is altered by ethanol during alcoholic liver disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Arellanes-Robledo
- Lipid Research Laboratory, VA Medical Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA; Laboratory of Hepatic Diseases, National Institute of Genomic Medicine - INMEGEN, CDMX, Mexico; National Council of Science and Technology - CONACYT, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Karina Reyes-Gordillo
- Lipid Research Laboratory, VA Medical Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA.
| | - Joseph Ibrahim
- Lipid Research Laboratory, VA Medical Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Leslie Leckey
- Lipid Research Laboratory, VA Medical Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Ruchi Shah
- Lipid Research Laboratory, VA Medical Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - M Raj Lakshman
- Lipid Research Laboratory, VA Medical Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA
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Wu Z, Wang Y, Meng X, Wang X, Li Z, Qian S, Wei Y, Shu L, Ding Y, Wang P, Peng Y. Total C-21 steroidal glycosides, isolated from the root tuber of Cynanchum auriculatum Royle ex Wight, attenuate hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative injury and inflammation in L02 cells. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:3157-3170. [PMID: 30272289 PMCID: PMC6202073 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathology of liver disorders. Total C-21 steroidal glycosides (TCSGs), isolated from the root tuber of Cynanchum auriculatum Royle ex Wight, have been reported to exert numerous effects, including liver protective and antioxidant effects. In order to investigate the potential mechanisms underlying the protective effects of TCSGs on liver function, the present study used the human normal liver cell line, L02, to evaluate the effects of TCSGs on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative injury and inflammatory responses. The L02 cells were pretreated with various concentrations of TCSGs, followed by exposure to 1.5 mM H2O2. Cell viability was determined by a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-di-phenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and nitric oxide (NO) were measured using colorimetric assays. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and the production of malondialdehyde (MDA) were also determined. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were detected using a fluorescent probe. H2O2-induced oxidative toxicity was attenuated following treatment with TCSGs, as indicated by the increase in cell viability, the decreased levels of ALT, AST, LDH, NO, MDA and ROS, and the increased activities of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px. To further explore the possible mechanisms of action of TCSGs, the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor-κB (NF)-κB pathways were examined. The results revealed that treatment with TCSGs markedly induced Nrf2 nuclear translocation and upregulated the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the L02 cells damaged by H2O2. In addition, pretreatment with TCSGs inhibited the NF-κB signaling pathway by blocking the degradation of the inhibitor of nuclear factor κBα (IκBα), thereby reducing the expression and nuclear translocation of NF-κB, as well as reducing the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). On the whole, the findings of this study demonstrate that TCSGs can protect L02 cells against H2O2-induced oxidative toxicity and inflammatory injury by increasing the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1, mediated by the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhui Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Yingyu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Xian Meng
- Department of Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Xinjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, P.R. China
| | - Zhenlin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Shihui Qian
- Department of Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Yingjie Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Luan Shu
- Department of Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Yongfang Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Peijuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Yunru Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
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Zhao LC, Liu Y, Wang Z, Tang N, Leng J, Zheng B, Liu YY, Li W. Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Analysis and Hepatoprotective Effect of Steamed Platycodi Radix on Acute Alcohol-induced Liver Injury. INT J PHARMACOL 2018. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2018.952.962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Yuan X, Wang B, Yang L, Zhang Y. The role of ROS-induced autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2018; 42:306-312. [PMID: 29544680 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a main cause of cancer-related mortality and its etiology is not fully understood. As prominent factors that regulate cellular homeostasis, both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and autophagy are considered to play an essential role in the liver carcinogenesis. However, the crosstalk between ROS and autophagy is not well characterized in the pathogenesis of HCC. This review summarizes the roles of autophagy in ROS-mediated hepatocarcinogenesis and discusses the role of ROS-induced autophagy in HCC cell fate decision following treatment with chemotherapeutic agents in preclinical settings, which may allow the identification of novel strategies for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nangang branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 33 West Dazhi Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150006, China
| | - Bingyu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nangang branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 33 West Dazhi Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150006, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nangang branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 33 West Dazhi Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150006, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nangang branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 33 West Dazhi Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150006, China.
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Xia T, Zhang J, Yao J, Zhang B, Duan W, Xia M, Song J, Zheng Y, Wang M. Shanxi aged vinegar prevents alcoholic liver injury by inhibiting CYP2E1 and NADPH oxidase activities. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Hsu JY, Lin HH, Hsu CC, Chen BC, Chen JH. Aqueous Extract of Pepino ( Solanum muriactum Ait) Leaves Ameliorate Lipid Accumulation and Oxidative Stress in Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10070931. [PMID: 30037014 PMCID: PMC6073701 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic alcohol intake leads to alcoholic fatty liver. The pathogenesis of alcoholic fatty liver is related to abnormal lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, endotoxins, and cytokines. Solanum muricatum Ait. (Pepino) is a plant food commonly cultivated in the Penghu island, Taiwan. Previous studies indicated that the aqueous extract of pepino was able to attenuate diabetic progression via its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the mechanisms of the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of pepino leaf in preventing alcoholic fatty liver remain unknown. In this study, Lieber–DeCarli ethanol-containing liquid diet was used to induce alcoholic hepatic injury in C57BL/6 mice. The hepatoprotective effects and the related mechanisms of aqueous extract of pepino leaf (AEPL) were examined. Our results showed that 2% AEPL treatments protected the liver from ethanol-induced injury through reducing serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) (all p < 0.05). AEPL had the effects in improving the ethanol-induced lipid accumulation in mice under histological examination. Molecular data indicated that the anti-lipid accumulation effect of AEPL might be mediated via inducing hepatic levels of phospho-adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase (p-AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α, and reducing the expressions of hepatic lipogenic enzymes, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and fatty acid synthase (FAS) (all p < 0.05). AEPL also decreased hepatic levels of thiobarbituric acid relative substances (TBARS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-6, as well as the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) (all p < 0.05). Moreover, AEPL significantly elevated the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione (GSH) content compared to the ethanol-fed group (all p < 0.05). Our present study suggests that AEPL could protect the liver against ethanol-induced oxidative injury and lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Ying Hsu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Chin Hsu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Bing-Chen Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Jing-Hsien Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan.
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Zhou B, Jiang Z, Li X, Zhang X. Kaempferol's Protective Effect on Ethanol-Induced Mouse Primary Hepatocytes Injury Involved in the Synchronous Inhibition of SP1, Hsp70 and CYP2E1. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2018; 46:1093-1110. [PMID: 29976085 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x1850057x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity was complicated, accompanied by the over-expressions of the cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and the nuclear factor specificity protein 1 (SP1). Kaempferol (Kaem) could protect the ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity likely by inhibiting the CYP2E1 expression and activity. This study investigated the protective mechanism(s) of kaempferol on ethanol-induced toxicity by dynamic alteration of SP1, Hsp70 and CYP2E1 among the nucleus and different organelles in hepatocytes. After ethanol treatment alone and co-incubation hepatocytes with kaempferol, protein levels of CYP2E1, Hsp70, and SP1 were determined in vitro (western blotting and immunofluorescence). Hepatocytes' viability was assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) methods. Glutathione (GSH) levels were evaluated for ethanol-induced oxidative stress. In the ethanol-treated hepatocytes, kaempferol decreased protein levels of CYP2E1 in both microsome and mitochondria, cytosolic Hsp70 and SP1 in nuclear and cytosol, and the oxidative stress and increased the cell viability compared to those of ethanol group. Collectively, our findings propose that the protective mechanism of kaempferol is involved in the synchronous, early and persistent inhibitions of mitochondrial and microsomal CYP2E1, cytosolic Hsp70 and nuclear and cytosolic SP1 in mouse primary hepatocytes' injury induced by ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhou
- * College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
| | - Zhihui Jiang
- † Research Center of Modern Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000, P. R. China
| | - Xinping Li
- * College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- * College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China.,† Research Center of Modern Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000, P. R. China.,‡ Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
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Gastroprotective and Antioxidant Activity of Kalanchoe brasiliensis and Kalanchoe pinnata Leaf Juices against Indomethacin and Ethanol-Induced Gastric Lesions in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051265. [PMID: 29695040 PMCID: PMC5983682 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Kalanchoe brasiliensis and Kalanchoe pinnata are used interchangeably in traditional medicine for treating peptic ulcers and inflammatory problems. In this context, this study aims to characterize the chemical constituents and evaluate the gastroprotective activity of the leaf juices of the two species in acute gastric lesions models. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometer (UHPLC-MS) were performed for chemical characterization. Wistar rats were pre-treated orally with leaf juices (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg) or ranitidine (50 mg/kg). The peaks observed in the chromatogram of K. brasiliensis showed similar mass spectra to flavonoid glycosides derived from patuletin and eupafolin, while K. pinnata showed mass spectra similar to compounds derived from quercetin, patuletin, eupafolin and kaempferol. K. brasiliensis at all doses and K. pinnata at doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg significantly reduced the lesions in the ethanol induction model. In the indomethacin induction model, both species showed significant results at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg. Also, the pre-treatment with leaf juices increased the antioxidant defense system, glutathione (GSH), whereas malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were significantly decreased. Treatment with leaf juices led to the upregulation of zone occludes-1 (ZO-1) and the downregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and factor nuclear-κβ transcription (NF-κB-p65), while also showing a cytoprotective effect and maintaining mucus production. These findings show that the leaf juices of the two species showed gastroprotective effects on ethanol and gastric indomethacin injury which were a consequence of gastric inflammation suppression, antioxidant activity and the maintenance of cytoprotective defenses and mucosal structure architecture.
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Koneru M, Sahu BD, Mir SM, Ravuri HG, Kuncha M, Mahesh Kumar J, Kilari EK, Sistla R. Capsaicin, the pungent principle of peppers, ameliorates alcohol-induced acute liver injury in mice via modulation of matrix metalloproteinases. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 96:419-427. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol, the most common cause for hepatic injury, may further deteriorate the hepatic tissue when left unattended. Capsaicin, the pungent principle of chilli peppers, possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and is a proven dietary antioxidant in various ailments. However, its role in alcohol-induced hepatic injury is unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of capsaicin on the hepatic tissue of mice treated with alcohol. Acute liver injury was induced in mice by oral gavage of 5 doses of 10 mL/kg of 50% ethyl alcohol at an interval of 12 h. The tissue antioxidant levels along with the mitochondrial functional parameters and matrix metalloproteinase levels were evaluated in the hepatic tissues of mice following alcohol challenge. The results showed that alcohol intake significantly attenuated the hepatic antioxidant levels and mitochondrial function. These changes were accompanied by enhanced serum hepatic injury markers and matrix metalloproteinases. However, capsaicin treatment (10 and 20 mg/kg, oral) throughout the experimental period caused a drastic improvement in the hepatic tissue of the alcohol-treated mice, reflected by the normalization of hepatic enzyme and protein levels along with restored histological alterations. These results indicate that capsaicin, as a dietary intervention, may prevent alcohol-induced acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghana Koneru
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Bidya Dhar Sahu
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Salma Mukhtar Mir
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Halley Gora Ravuri
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Madhusudana Kuncha
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Jerald Mahesh Kumar
- Animal House Facility, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Eswar Kumar Kilari
- Department of Pharmacology, A.U. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, India
| | - Ramakrishna Sistla
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
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Wang Y, Hua L, Li Q, Jiang J, Hou K, Wu C, Li H. Direct Detection of Small n-Alkanes at Sub-ppbv Level by Photoelectron-Induced O2+ Cation Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry at kPa Pressure. Anal Chem 2018; 90:5398-5404. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Hua
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingyun Li
- College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jichun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Keyong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenxin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People’s Republic of China
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Lin CP, Chuang WC, Lu FJ, Chen CY. Anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of hydrogen-rich water alleviate ethanol-induced fatty liver in mice. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:4920-4934. [PMID: 28785146 PMCID: PMC5526762 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i27.4920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of hydrogen-rich water (HRW) treatment on prevention of ethanol (EtOH)-induced early fatty liver in mice.
METHODS In vitro reduction of hydrogen peroxide by HRW was determined with a chemiluminescence system. Female mice were randomly divided into five groups: control, EtOH, EtOH + silymarin, EtOH + HRW and EtOH + silymarin + HRW. Each group was fed a Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet containing EtOH or isocaloric maltose dextrin (control diet). Silymarin was used as a positive control to compare HRW efficacy against chronic EtOH-induced hepatotoxicity. HRW was freshly prepared and given at a dosage of 1.2 mL/mouse trice daily. Blood and liver tissue were collected after chronic-binge liquid-diet feeding for 12 wk.
RESULTS The in vitro study showed that HRW directly scavenged hydrogen peroxide. The in vivo study showed that HRW increased expression of acyl ghrelin, which was correlated with food intake. HRW treatment significantly reduced EtOH-induced increases in serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, triglycerol and total cholesterol levels, hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6. HRW attenuated malondialdehyde level, restored glutathione depletion and increased superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities in the liver. Moreover, HRW reduced TNF-α and IL-6 levels but increased IL-10 and IL-22 levels.
CONCLUSION HRW protects against chronic EtOH-induced liver injury, possibly by inducing acyl ghrelin to suppress the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 and induce IL-10 and IL-22, thus activating antioxidant enzymes against oxidative stress.
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Park JH, Lee DH, Park MS, Jung YS, Hong JT. C-C chemokine receptor type 5 deficiency exacerbates alcoholic fatty liver disease through pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines-induced hepatic inflammation. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 32:1258-1264. [PMID: 27859576 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Chemokines and chemokine receptors implicated with alcoholic liver disease. Studies have shown that inflammation and oxidative stress induce fat molecules aggregation in liver. We evaluated the relationship between alcoholic fatty liver disease and C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) and impact of inflammation and oxidative stress in fat molecule deposition. METHODS Lieber-DeCarli diet containing ethanol or isocaloric control diets were fed to wild-type and CCR5 knockout mice for 10 days and gavaged with a single dose of ethanol or isocaloric maltose dextrin at 11th day. Cytokine, chemokine, and reactive oxygen species levels were measured in liver tissues to study the role of CCR5 in alcoholic fatty liver disease. RESULTS C-C chemokine receptor type 5 knockout mice exacerbated ethanol-induced liver injury. Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were higher in CCR5 knockout mice than wild-type mice, and CCR5 knockout mice showed more severe lipid accumulation in liver tissue than wild-type mice after ethanol feeding. Increased expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 and chemokines CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, and CCL5 result in exacerbation of hepatitis in CCR5 knockout mice after ethanol feeding. Oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species was more severe in CCR5 knockout mice, and increasing level of fatty acid import and decreasing level of lipid degradation resulted in lipid accumulation in ethanol-fed CCR5 knockout mice. CONCLUSION Deficiency of CCR5 exacerbates alcoholic fatty liver disease by hepatic inflammation induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Ho Park
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Dong Hun Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Mork Soon Park
- Raw Material Synthetic Factory, Dongkook Pharmaceutical company, Jincheon-gun, Korea
| | - Young Suk Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
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Glutamate contributes to alcohol hepatotoxicity by enhancing oxidative stress in mitochondria. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2017; 49:253-264. [PMID: 28478591 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-017-9713-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic alcohol intoxication is associated with increased oxidative stress. However, the mechanisms by which ethanol triggers an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the role of mitochondria in the development of oxidative stress has been insufficiently studied. The biochemical and proteomic data obtained in the present work suggest that one of the main causes of an increase in ROS generation is enhanced oxidation of glutamate in response to long-term alcohol exposure. In the course of glutamate oxidation, liver mitochondria from alcoholic rats generated more superoxide anion and H2O2 than in the presence of other substrates and more than control organelles. In mitochondria from alcoholic rats, rates of H2O2 production and NAD reduction in the presence of glutamate were almost twice higher than in the control. The proteomic study revealed a higher content of glutamate dehydrogenase in liver mitochondria of rats subjected to chronic alcohol exposure. Simultaneously, the content of mitochondrial catalase decreased compared to control. Each of these factors stimulates the production of ROS in addition to ROS generated by the respiratory chain complex I. The results are consistent with the conclusion that glutamate contributes to alcohol hepatotoxicity by enhancing oxidative stress in mitochondria.
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Gao XP, Qian DW, Xie Z, Hui H. Protective role of licochalcone B against ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity through regulation of Erk signaling. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2017; 20:131-137. [PMID: 28293388 PMCID: PMC5339652 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2017.8235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective(s): Oxidative stress has been established as a key cause of alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity. Licochalcone B, an extract of licorice root, has shown antioxidative properties. This study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of licochalcone B in ethanol-induced hepatic injury in an in vitro study. Materials and Methods: An in vitro model of Ethanol-induced cytotoxicity in BRL cells was used in this study. Cell injury was assessed using WST-1 assay and lactate dehydrogenase, alanine transaminase, and aspartate aminotransferase release assay. Cell apoptosis were quantified by flow cytometric analysis. The intracellular oxidative level was evaluated by reactive oxidative species, malondialdehyde and glutathione detection. Furthermore, the expression level of Erk, p-Erk, Nrf-2 were assessed using Western blot. Results: Treatment with ethanol induced marked cell injury and cell apoptosis in BRL cells. Licochalcone B significantly attenuated ethanol-induced cell injury, and inhibited cell apoptosis. Furthermore, licochalcone B significantly inhibited ethanol-induced intracellular oxidative level, upregulated the expression of p-Erk, and promoted nuclear localization of Nrf2. Additionally, this hepatoprotective role was significantly abolished by inhibition of Erk signaling. However, no apparent effects of Erk inhibition were observed on ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that licochalcone B protects hepatocyte from alcohol-induced cell injury, and this hepatoprotective role might be attributable to apoptosis reduction, inhibition of oxidative stress, and upregulation of Erk–Nrf2. Therefore, licochalcone B might possess potential as a novel therapeutic drug candidate for alcohol-related liver disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Peng Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Xi'an Central Hospital, The Affiliated Xi'an Central Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710003, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Wei Qian
- Department of Operation Room, Xi'an Central Hospital, The affiliated Xi'an central hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong university College of Medicine, Xi'an 710003, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Xie
- Department Two of Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Hao Hui
- Department Two of Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
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Park JM, Khemtong C, Liu SC, Hurd RE, Spielman DM. In vivo assessment of intracellular redox state in rat liver using hyperpolarized [1- 13 C]Alanine. Magn Reson Med 2017; 77:1741-1748. [PMID: 28261868 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The intracellular lactate to pyruvate concentration ratio is a commonly used tissue assay biomarker of redox, being proportional to free cytosolic [NADH]/[NAD+ ]. In this study, we assessed the use of hyperpolarized [1-13 C]alanine and the subsequent detection of the intracellular products of [1-13 C]pyruvate and [1-13 C]lactate as a useful substrate for assessing redox levels in the liver in vivo. METHODS Animal experiments were conducted to measure in vivo metabolism at baseline and after ethanol infusion. A solution of 80-mM hyperpolarized [1-13 C]alanine was injected intravenously at baseline (n = 8) and 45 min after ethanol infusion (n = 4), immediately followed by the dynamic acquisition of 13 C MRS spectra. RESULTS In vivo rat liver spectra showed peaks from [1-13 C] alanine and the products of [1-13 C]lactate, [1-13 C]pyruvate, and 13 C-bicarbonate. A significantly increased 13 C-lactate/13 C-pyruvate ratio was observed after ethanol infusion (8.46 ± 0.58 at baseline versus 13.58 ± 0.69 after ethanol infusion; P < 0.001) consistent with the increased NADH produced by liver metabolism of ethanol to acetaldehyde and then acetate. A decrease in 13 C-bicarbonate production was also noted, potentially reflecting ethanol-induced mitochondrial redox changes. CONCLUSION A method to measure in vivo tissue redox using hyperpolarized [1-13 C]alanine is presented, with the validity of the proposed 13 C-pyruvate/13 C-lactate metric tested using an ethanol challenge to alter liver redox state. Magn Reson Med 77:1741-1748, 2017. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Mo Park
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Chalermchai Khemtong
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Shie-Chau Liu
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ralph E Hurd
- Applied Science Laboratory, GE Healthcare, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - Daniel M Spielman
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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Uchio R, Higashi Y, Kohama Y, Kawasaki K, Hirao T, Muroyama K, Murosaki S. A hot water extract of turmeric ( Curcuma longa) suppresses acute ethanol-induced liver injury in mice by inhibiting hepatic oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokine production. J Nutr Sci 2017; 6:e3. [PMID: 28620478 PMCID: PMC5465857 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2016.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is a widely used spice that has various biological effects, and aqueous extracts of turmeric exhibit potent antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory activity. Bisacurone, a component of turmeric extract, is known to have similar effects. Oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines play an important role in ethanol-induced liver injury. This study was performed to evaluate the influence of a hot water extract of C. longa (WEC) or bisacurone on acute ethanol-induced liver injury. C57BL/6 mice were orally administered WEC (20 mg/kg body weight; BW) or bisacurone (60 µg/kg BW) at 30 min before a single dose of ethanol was given by oral administration (3·0 g/kg BW). Plasma levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were markedly increased in ethanol-treated mice, while the increase of these enzymes was significantly suppressed by prior administration of WEC. The increase of alanine aminotransferase was also significantly suppressed by pretreatment with bisacurone. Compared with control mice, animals given WEC had higher hepatic tissue levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione, as well as lower hepatic tissue levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, TNF-α protein and IL-6 mRNA. These results suggest that oral administration of WEC may have a protective effect against ethanol-induced liver injury by suppressing hepatic oxidation and inflammation, at least partly through the effects of bisacurone.
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Key Words
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- BW, body weight
- Bisacurone
- Ethanol-induced liver injury
- GSH, glutathione
- GSSG, oxidised glutathione
- Inflammatory cytokines
- O2•−, superoxide anion radical
- Oxidative stress
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- TBARS, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances
- Turmeric (Curcuma longa)
- WEC, hot water extract of Curcuma longa
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryusei Uchio
- Research & Development Institute, House Wellness Foods Corporation, 3–20 Imoji, Itami 664-0011, Japan
| | - Yohei Higashi
- Research & Development Institute, House Wellness Foods Corporation, 3–20 Imoji, Itami 664-0011, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kohama
- Central Research & Development Institute, House Foods Group Inc., 1–4 Takanodai, Yotsukaido 284-0033, Japan
| | - Kengo Kawasaki
- Research & Development Institute, House Wellness Foods Corporation, 3–20 Imoji, Itami 664-0011, Japan
| | - Takashi Hirao
- Central Research & Development Institute, House Foods Group Inc., 1–4 Takanodai, Yotsukaido 284-0033, Japan
| | - Koutarou Muroyama
- Research & Development Institute, House Wellness Foods Corporation, 3–20 Imoji, Itami 664-0011, Japan
| | - Shinji Murosaki
- Research & Development Institute, House Wellness Foods Corporation, 3–20 Imoji, Itami 664-0011, Japan
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Ahmadian E, Pennefather PS, Eftekhari A, Heidari R, Eghbal MA. Role of renin-angiotensin system in liver diseases: an outline on the potential therapeutic points of intervention. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 10:1279-1288. [PMID: 27352778 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2016.1207523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The current review aimed to outline the functions of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) in the context of the oxidative stress-associated liver disease. Areas covered: Angiotensin II (Ang II) as the major effector peptide of the RAS is a pro-oxidant and fibrogenic cytokine. Mechanistically, NADPH oxidase (NOX) is a multicomponent enzyme complex that is able to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a downstream signaling pathway of Ang II which is expressed in liver. Ang II has a detrimental role in the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease through possessing pro-oxidant, fibrogenic, and pro-inflammatory impact in the liver. The alternative axis (ACE2/Ang(1-7)/mas) of the RAS serves as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-fibrotic component of the RAS. Expert commentary: In summary, the use of alternative axis inhibitors accompanying with ACE2/ Ang(1-7)/mas axis activation is a promising new strategy serving as a novel therapeutic option to prevent and treat chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ahmadian
- a Drug Applied Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,b Biotechnology Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,c Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, School of Pharmacy , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,d Students Research Committee , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Peter S Pennefather
- e Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - Aziz Eftekhari
- a Drug Applied Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,d Students Research Committee , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- f Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran.,g Gerash School of Paramedical Sciences , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Eghbal
- a Drug Applied Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,b Biotechnology Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,c Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, School of Pharmacy , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
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