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Smith C, Lin X, Parker L, Yeap BB, Hayes A, Levinger I. The role of bone in energy metabolism: A focus on osteocalcin. Bone 2024; 188:117238. [PMID: 39153587 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms involved in whole body glucose regulation is key for the discovery of new treatments for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Historically, glucose regulation was largely focused on responses to insulin and glucagon. Impacts of incretin-based therapies, and importance of muscle mass, are also highly relevant. Recently, bone was recognized as an endocrine organ, with several bone proteins, known as osteokines, implicated in glucose metabolism through their effects on the liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. Research efforts mostly focused on osteocalcin (OC) as a leading example. This review will provide an overview on this role of bone by discussing bone turnover markers (BTMs), the receptor activator of nuclear factor kB ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), sclerostin (SCL) and lipocalin 2 (LCN2), with a focus on OC. Since 2007, some, but not all, research using mostly OC genetically modified animal models suggested undercarboxylated (uc) OC acts as a hormone involved in energy metabolism. Most data generated from in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro models, indicate that exogenous ucOC administration improves whole-body and skeletal muscle glucose metabolism. Although data in humans are generally supportive, findings are often discordant likely due to methodological differences and observational nature of that research. Overall, evidence supports the concept that bone-derived factors are involved in energy metabolism, some having beneficial effects (ucOC, OPG) others negative (RANKL, SCL), with the role of some (LCN2, other BTMs) remaining unclear. Whether the effect of osteokines on glucose regulation is clinically significant and of therapeutic value for people with insulin resistance and T2D remains to be confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Smith
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Xuzhu Lin
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Lewan Parker
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Bu B Yeap
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Alan Hayes
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine - Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Footscray, VIC, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine - Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Footscray, VIC, Australia.
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Wei S, Pan X, Wei J. Relationship between bone turnover markers and renal disease in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study. BMC Endocr Disord 2024; 24:179. [PMID: 39237970 PMCID: PMC11378410 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-024-01698-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and bone metabolism disorders increase with age. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most serious microvascular complications of T2DM, and bone metabolism disorders are closely linked to the occurrence of DKD. The relationship between bone turnover markers(BTMs) and the kidney disease in elderly patients with T2DM remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the association between common BTMs and DKD in a large sample of elderly patients. The goal is to provide a basis for early identification of high-risk individuals for DKD among elderly T2DM patients from a bone metabolism perspective. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, BTMs were collected from a cohort of 2,051 hospitalized Chinese patients. The relationships between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D), β-CrossLaps (β-CTX), osteocalcin (OSTEOC), intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), and total type I collagen N-terminal propeptide (TP1NP), and DKD, as well as urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were analyzed using regression analysis and restrictive cubic spline (RCS) curves. RESULTS Higher 25-OH-D levels were independently linked to a lower incidence of DKD and decreased UACR. The RCS curves showed a linear association of 25-OH-D and DKD, approaching the L-shape. β-CTX was independently and positively correlated with UACR. There is an independent positive correlation between OSTEOC and UACR and a negative correlation with eGFR. iPTH is independently and positively correlated with DKD incidence and UACR, and negatively correlated with eGFR. Additionally, the RCS curves showed a non-linear association of OSTEOC and iPTH and DKD, approaching the J-shape, and the point of inflection is 10.875 ng/L and 34.15 pg/mL respectively. There is an independent positive correlation between TP1NP and UACR incidence, and a negative correlation with eGFR. Risk estimates significantly increase with higher TP1NP levels in the RCS model. CONCLUSION BTMs are closely associated with kidney disease in elderly patients with T2DM. These discoveries potentially assist clinicians in establishing more preventive measures and targeted treatment strategies for elderly patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwu Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junping Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Babey ME, Ewing SK, Strotmeyer ES, Napoli N, Schafer AL, Vittinghoff E, Gundberg CM, Schwartz AV. No Evidence of Association Between Undercarboxylated Osteocalcin and Incident Type 2 Diabetes. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:876-884. [PMID: 35118705 PMCID: PMC10441038 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mouse models suggest that undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC), produced by the skeleton, protects against type 2 diabetes development, whereas human studies have been inconclusive. We aimed to determine if ucOC or total OC is associated with incident type 2 diabetes or changes in fasting glucose, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), or beta-cell function (HOMA-Beta). A subcohort (n = 338; 50% women; 36% black) was identified from participants without diabetes at baseline in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. Cases of incident type 2 diabetes (n = 137) were defined as self-report at an annual follow-up visit, use of diabetes medication, or elevated fasting glucose during 8 years of follow-up. ucOC and total OC were measured in baseline serum. Using a case-cohort design, the association between biomarkers and incident type 2 diabetes was assessed using robust weighted Cox regression. In the subcohort, linear regression models analyzed the associations between biomarkers and changes in fasting glucose, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-Beta over 9 years. Higher levels of ucOC were not statistically associated with increased risk of incident type 2 diabetes (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.06 [95% confidence interval, 0.84-1.34] per 1 standard deviation [SD] increase in ucOC). Results for %ucOC and total OC were similar. Adjusted associations of ucOC, %ucOC, and total OC with changes in fasting glucose, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-Beta were modest and not statistically significant. We did not find evidence of an association of baseline undercarboxylated or total osteocalcin with risk of incident type 2 diabetes or with changes in glucose metabolism in older adults. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel E. Babey
- University of California San Francisco, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Susan K. Ewing
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elsa S. Strotmeyer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Center for Aging and Population Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nicola Napoli
- Universita Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Rome, Italy
| | - Anne L. Schafer
- University of California San Francisco, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, San Francisco, CA, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, San Francisco, CA, USA
- San Francisco VA Medical Center, Endocrine Research Unit, Medical Service, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eric Vittinghoff
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Caren M. Gundberg
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ann V. Schwartz
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Huang H, Wang A, Cong L, Zeng Y. Osteocalcin is associated with triglyceride glucose index rather than HOMA-IR in men with type 2 diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1067903. [PMID: 36601005 PMCID: PMC9806116 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1067903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The involvement of osteocalcin in the regulation of glucose tolerance in humans is controversial. We utilized a novel and practical insulin resistance surrogate, the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, to investigate the association between serum osteocalcin and insulin resistance in men with type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS This was a retrospective cross-sectional study that included 667 male patients suffering from T2D, with measurements of N-terminal mid-fragment of osteocalcin (N-MID), triglycerides (TG), fasting blood glucose (FBG) and C-peptide collected on the same day. We used the TyG index and HOMA-IR as surrogate measures for insulin resistance. Binary logistic regression models that adjust the sociodemographic characteristics and metabolism-related factors were used to assess the associations between osteocalcin and insulin resistance. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was used to test the potential non-linear relationship between N-MID and the risk of severe insulin resistance. Subgroup analysis evaluated the robustness of the association. RESULTS N-MID was correlated with the level of insulin resistance when quantified by the TyG index in unadjusted and adjusted binary logistic regression models (all p < 0.05), but the relationship was not observed when assessed by HOMA-IR (all p > 0.05). RCS model further confirmed that the association between N-MID and the severe insulin resistance measured by the TyG index was non-linear (P = 0.047). Subgroup analysis showed that the association was detected only in younger patients with lower BMI and poorer glycemic control, without hypertension or smoking. CONCLUSIONS Osteocalcin was inversely associated with the TyG index in men with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Li Cong
- *Correspondence: Yingjuan Zeng, ; Li Cong,
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Endocrine role of bone in the regulation of energy metabolism. Bone Res 2021; 9:25. [PMID: 34016950 PMCID: PMC8137703 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00142-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone mainly functions as a supportive framework for the whole body and is the major regulator of calcium homeostasis and hematopoietic function. Recently, an increasing number of studies have characterized the significance of bone as an endocrine organ, suggesting that bone-derived factors regulate local bone metabolism and metabolic functions. In addition, these factors can regulate global energy homeostasis by altering insulin sensitivity, feeding behavior, and adipocyte commitment. These findings may provide a new pathological mechanism for related metabolic diseases or be used in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of metabolic diseases such as osteoporosis, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. In this review, we summarize the regulatory effect of bone and bone-derived factors on energy metabolism and discuss directions for future research.
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Moon JS, Jin MH, Koh HM. Association between Serum Osteocalcin Levels and Metabolic Syndrome according to the Menopausal Status of Korean Women. J Korean Med Sci 2021; 36:e56. [PMID: 33650335 PMCID: PMC7921371 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteocalcin is known to regulate energy metabolism. Recently, metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been found to be associated with reduced levels of osteocalcin in men, as well as in postmenopausal women. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between serum osteocalcin and MetS in premenopausal women, compared with that in postmenopausal women. METHODS This cross-sectional study was based on 5,896 participants who completed a health screening examination. They were classified according to their menopausal status. Each group was subdivided into non-MetS and MetS groups according to the modified National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Serum osteocalcin levels were measured using the electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. RESULTS Serum osteocalcin level was significantly lower in women with MetS than in those without MetS, after adjusting for confounders (14.12 ± 0.04 vs. 13.17 ± 0.13 [P = 0.004] in premenopausal women, and 20.34 ± 0.09 vs. 19.62 ± 0.21 [P < 0.001] in postmenopausal women), regardless of their menopausal status. Serum osteocalcin levels decreased correspondingly with an increasing number of MetS elements (P for trend < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that waist circumference (β = -0.085 [P < 0.001] and β = -0.137 [P < 0.001]) and hemoglobin A1c (β = -0.09 [P < 0.001] and β = -0.145 [P < 0.001]) were independent predictors of osteocalcin in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Triglyceride levels were also independently associated with osteocalcin levels in premenopausal women (β = -0.004 [P < 0.013]). The odds ratio (OR) for MetS was significantly higher in the lowest quartile than in the highest quartile of serum osteocalcin levels after adjusting for age, alkaline phosphatase, uric acid, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, and body mass index in all women (OR, 2.00; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.49-2.68) as well as in premenopausal (OR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.39-3.58) and postmenopausal (OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.26-3.23) subgroups. CONCLUSION Lower serum osteocalcin concentrations were significantly associated with MetS in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women and were therefore independent of menopausal status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Sook Moon
- Department of Family Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Changwon, Korea
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University Graduate School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Mi Hyeon Jin
- Department of Research Support, Samsung Changwon Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Changwon, Korea
| | - Hyun Min Koh
- Department of Family Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Changwon, Korea.
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Otani T, Mizokami A, Kawakubo-Yasukochi T, Takeuchi H, Inai T, Hirata M. The roles of osteocalcin in lipid metabolism in adipose tissue and liver. Adv Biol Regul 2020; 78:100752. [PMID: 32992234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2020.100752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bone provides skeletal support and functions as an endocrine organ by producing osteocalcin, whose uncarboxylated form (GluOC) increases the metabolism of glucose and lipid by activating its putative G protein-coupled receptor (family C group 6 subtype A). Low doses (≤10 ng/ml) of GluOC induce the expression of adiponectin, adipose triglyceride lipase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, and promote active phosphorylation of lipolytic enzymes such as perilipin and hormone-sensitive lipase via the cAMP-PKA-Src-Rap1-ERK-CREB signaling axis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Administration of high-dose (≥20 ng/ml) GluOC induces programmed necrosis (necroptosis) through a juxtacrine mechanism triggered by the binding of Fas ligand, whose expression is induced by forkhead box O1, to Fas that is expressed in adjacent adipocytes. Furthermore, expression of adiponectin and adipose triglyceride lipase in adipocytes is triggered in the same manner as following low-dose GluOC stimulation; these effects protect mice from diet-induced accumulation of triglycerides in hepatocytes and consequent liver injury through the upregulation of nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-E2-related factor-2, expression of antioxidant enzymes, and inhibition of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway. Evaluation of these molecular mechanisms leads us to consider that GluOC might have potential as a treatment for lipid metabolism disorders. Indeed, there have been many reports demonstrating the negative correlation between serum osteocalcin levels and obesity or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, a common risk factor for which is dyslipidemia in humans. The present review summarizes the effects of GluOC on lipid metabolism as well as its possible therapeutic application for metabolic diseases including obesity and dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Otani
- Division of Functional Structure, Department of Morphological Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan
| | - Akiko Mizokami
- OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Takeuchi
- Division of Applied Pharmacology, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, 803-8580, Japan
| | - Tetsuichiro Inai
- Division of Functional Structure, Department of Morphological Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan; Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan
| | - Masato Hirata
- Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan.
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Desentis-Desentis MF, Rivas-Carrillo JD, Sánchez-Enríquez S. Protective role of osteocalcin in diabetes pathogenesis. J Bone Miner Metab 2020; 38:765-771. [PMID: 32725267 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-020-01130-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In diabetes, metabolic, inflammatory, and stress-associated alterations conduce to ß-cell failure and tissue damage. Osteocalcin is a bone protein with several endocrine functions in different tissues. In this review, we gathered scientific evidence of how osteocalcin could modulate functional disorders that are altered in diabetes in an integrative way. We include adipose tissue, pancreatic function, and oxidative stress aspects. In the first section, we focus on the role of inflammatory mediators and adiponectin in energy homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. In the following section, we discuss the effect of osteocalcin in metabolic and pancreatic function and its association in insulin signaling and in ß-cell proliferation. Finally, we focus on osteocalcin action in oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and in antioxidant regulation, since ß-cells are well known by its vulnerability to stress damage. These evidences support the notion that osteocalcin could have an important role in diabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fernanda Desentis-Desentis
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Transplant, Department of Physiology, University Center for Health Sciences, University de Guadalajara, 950 Sierra Mojada St., Col. Independencia, C.P. 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- cGMP Cell Processing Facility, University Center for Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, 950 Sierra Mojada St., Col. Independencia, C.P. 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Jorge David Rivas-Carrillo
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Transplant, Department of Physiology, University Center for Health Sciences, University de Guadalajara, 950 Sierra Mojada St., Col. Independencia, C.P. 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- cGMP Cell Processing Facility, University Center for Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, 950 Sierra Mojada St., Col. Independencia, C.P. 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Sergio Sánchez-Enríquez
- Department of Clinics, University Center of Los Altos, University of Guadalajara, 1200 Rafael Casillas Ave, ZC47620, Tepatitlán de Morelos, Jalisco, Mexico.
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Ren H, Ma X, Shao Y, Han J, Yang M, Wang Q. Correlation Between Serum miR-154-5p and Osteocalcin in Males and Postmenopausal Females of Type 2 Diabetes With Different Urinary Albumin Creatinine Ratios. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:542. [PMID: 31447785 PMCID: PMC6691150 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the serum levels of miR-154-5p, osteocalcin (OC), and other clinical parameters in male and post-menopausal female type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with different urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) levels and to discuss the relationship between miR-154-5p and glycolipid metabolism, bone metabolism, and different urinary albumin excretion rate in T2DM. Methods: Seven hundred thirty-eight T2DM patients were categorized into six groups, including 374 men and 364 post-menopausal women who were sub-divided into three groups based on albumin excretion that involved normal albuminuria, microalbuminuria, and large amount of albuminuria (138, 127, 109, 135, 125, and 104 cases, UACR<30, 30-300, and >300 mg/g, M1, M2, M3, F1, F2, and F3). Measurement of circulating miR-154-5p, OC, and other biochemical indicators were performed by real-time PCR, ELISA, and chemiluminescence assays in T2DM patients and in 141 M0 and 139 F0 control subjects. Results: There are few differences appeared between groups. Comparing with men, women had higher age, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), adiponectin (ADPN), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), UACR, procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP), β-C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTx), OC, and miR-154-5p, but lower FPG, HOMA-IR, and HbA1c. T2DM patients with albuminuria (micro or macro) had lower bone turnover markers (P1NP, β-CTx, and OC) and adiponectin, but higher HbA1c, CTGF, and miR-154-5p. In addition, after regression analysis, UACR was positively correlated with CTGF, HbA1c, and miR-154-5p, and negatively correlated with ADPN and bone turnover markers (P1NP, β-CTx, and OC). However, OC showed a positive correlation with ADPN and other bone turnover markers (P1NP and β-CTx), but negative correlation with CTGF, UACR, and miR-154-5p in all three groups. Conclusion: These findings suggested that increased serum levels of miR-154-5p and decreased OC levels may influence osteogenesis and proteinuria in T2DM and may identify novel targets for diagnosis and treatment of diabetic kidney disease and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital Affiliated of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- The Cadre Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Shao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital Affiliated of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinyu Han
- The Cadre Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital Affiliated of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiuyue Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital Affiliated of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Lu H, Wei M, Zhai Y, Li Q, Ye Z, Wang L, Luo W, Chen J, Lu Z. MOTS-c peptide regulates adipose homeostasis to prevent ovariectomy-induced metabolic dysfunction. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:473-485. [PMID: 30725119 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-018-01738-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The postmenopausal state is associated with an increased risk of metabolic disorder including reduced energy expenditure and weight gain, leading to higher cardiovascular and cancer risks among other diseases. Mitochondrial-derived peptide (MOTS-c) is a 16-amino acid peptide encoded by mitochondrial DNA. Here, we showed that MOTS-c treatment in mice prevented ovariectomy-induced obesity and insulin resistance. After ovariectomy, low levels of estrogens increased fat mass overload and disturbed normal adipose function, forcing the development of insulin resistance. MOTS-c treatment increased brown fat activation and reduced OVX-induced fat accumulation and inflammatory invasion in white adipose tissue, which contributes to the lower level of fatty acid in serum and liver. Moreover, MOTS-c activated AMPK pathway to improve energy dissipation and insulin sensitivity. And a blocker of AMPK pathway was found to attenuate the role of MOTS-c in the regulation of adipocyte lipid metabolism. In conclusion, MOTS-c is a high potential candidate for chronic treatment of menopausal induced metabolic dysfunction. KEY MESSAGES: • MOTS-c prevents ovariectomy (OVX)-induced body weight gain and insulin resistance. • MOTS-c reduces fat mass and suppresses inflammatory response under OVX condition. • MOTS-c sustains the activity of the brown adipose under OVX condition. • MOTS-c mediates AMPK pathway activation to control adipose metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanyu Lu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University, No. 169 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhai
- Department of Cell Biology, Air Force Medical University, No. 169 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyang Li
- Company 22, Brigade 6, School of Basic Medicine, Air Force Medical University, No. 169 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zichen Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacogenomics, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, No. 169 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacogenomics, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, No. 169 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Luo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University, No. 169 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyuan Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University, No. 169 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zifan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacogenomics, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, No. 169 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China.
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Martinez-Portilla RJ, Villafan-Bernal JR, Lip-Sosa DL, Meler E, Clotet J, Serna-Vela FJ, Velazquez-Garcia S, Serrano-Diaz LC, Figueras F. Osteocalcin Serum Levels in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Their Intrinsic and Extrinsic Determinants: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:4986735. [PMID: 30693288 PMCID: PMC6332945 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4986735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) increases insulin release and insulin resistance in mice. In humans, evidence is scarce but a correlation of ucOC and total osteocalcin (tOC) with glycemic status markers has been demonstrated. The relationship of ucOC and tOC with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been even less characterized. OBJECTIVE To assess the mean difference of tOC and ucOC serum concentrations among nondiabetic pregnant women and women diagnosed as GDM in the second trimester of pregnancy and to determine the possible intrinsic and extrinsic contributors to this difference. METHODS A systematic search was performed to identify relevant studies published in English and Spanish using PubMed, SCOPUS, ISI Web of Knowledge, and PROSPERO database for meta-analysis. Observational studies measuring mean serum levels of osteocalcin among GDM, with at least 10 subjects analyzed in each group were selected. Mean difference (MD) by random effects model was used. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using Cochran's Q, H, and I 2 statistics. RESULTS From 38 selected studies, 5 were retained for analysis for a total of 1119 pregnant women. Serum concentrations of tOC were not significantly different among women with GDM and nondiabetic pregnant controls (MD: 1.56; 95% CI: -0.70 to 3.82; p = 0.175). Meanwhile, ucOC serum levels were significantly higher among women with GDM (MD: 1.17; 95% CI: 0.24 to 2.11; p = 0.013). The only factor influencing tOC was the UV index, showing a reduction in mean difference between GDM and controls when exposed to higher concentrations of UV rays. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis provides evidence to support the use of ucOC as a potential marker for GDM rather than tOC, yielding very little variability among studies and no difference among methods or brands used for its analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raigam J. Martinez-Portilla
- Fetal i+D Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Spain
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Therapy Research Center Mexico in behalf of the Iberoamerican Research Network in Translational, Molecular and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Mexico
| | - Jose R. Villafan-Bernal
- Mexican Consortium of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Health Dissemination-Consortium BIO2-DIS, Mexico
- CONACYT Researcher at the Department of Surgery, Health Science Center, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Mexico
- Center for Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Diana L. Lip-Sosa
- Fetal i+D Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Meler
- Fetal i+D Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Clotet
- Fetal i+D Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Francesc Figueras
- Fetal i+D Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Madrid, Spain
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Adiponectin receptor 1 resists the decline of serum osteocalcin and GPRC6A expression in ovariectomized mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189063. [PMID: 29194451 PMCID: PMC5711023 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hormonal changes that cause metabolic complications are a common problem in postmenopausal women. Adiponectin and osteocalcin are cytokines associated with glucose regulatory and insulin sensitized function in postmenopausal stages. The current study investigated the role of adiponectin signaling and osteocalcin mediated function in glucose metabolism in ovariectomized mice. In a mouse menopausal-related metabolic disorder model, overexpression of adiponectin receptor 1 improved glucose tolerance and caused resistance to body weight increase and decline of serum osteocalcin. Furthermore, adiponectin receptor 1 transgenic ovariectomized mice had higher GPRC6A (the putative osteocalcin receptor) expression in muscle tissue. Immunofluorescence indicated that GPRC6A and adiponectin receptor 1 were co-localized in mouse muscle tissues. The present finding suggested adiponectin receptor 1 can mediate the improvement of glucose metabolism by osteocalcin in ovariectomized mice. Our findings imply the possibility to ameliorate menopause-induced metabolic disorder by GPRC6A and adiponectin signaling.
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Srichomkwun P, Houngngam N, Pasatrat S, Tharavanij T, Wattanachanya L, Khovidhunkit W. Undercarboxylated osteocalcin is associated with insulin resistance, but not adiponectin, during pregnancy. Endocrine 2016; 53:129-35. [PMID: 26708046 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0829-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In mice, undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) improves beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity through adiponectin. In humans, levels of total osteocalcin (OC) and ucOC were negatively correlated with insulin resistance (IR) indices in patients with type 2 diabetes. Whether ucOC plays a role in glucose homeostasis and whether its effect is mediated through adiponectin during pregnancy is unclear. Serum levels of total OC, ucOC, and adiponectin were measured in 130 pregnant women with varying degrees of IR [gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), n = 74 and non-GDM, n = 56]. In all participants, total OC and ucOC levels were positively correlated with HOMA-IR and HOMA-%B, and negatively correlated with QUICKI. In contrast, adiponectin levels were negatively correlated with HOMA-IR and positively correlated with QUICKI (P < 0.01, both). However, neither total OC nor ucOC was associated with adiponectin. Although none of these markers could help distinguish women with and without GDM, total OC and ucOC levels were significantly higher in non-GDM women who had 1 abnormal OGTT value than those who had all normal OGTT values. Total OC and ucOC levels were significantly correlated with insulin secretion and IR indices, but not adiponectin levels, in pregnant women. Changes in OC might be a sensitive response to increased IR during pregnancy, which was not mediated through adiponectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panudda Srichomkwun
- Hormonal and Metabolic Disorders Research Unit and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Samakkee Payabarn Bldg., 2nd floor, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Rama IV Road, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Department of Medicine, and Excellence Center for Diabetes, Hormone, and Metabolism, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Natnicha Houngngam
- Hormonal and Metabolic Disorders Research Unit and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Samakkee Payabarn Bldg., 2nd floor, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Rama IV Road, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Department of Medicine, and Excellence Center for Diabetes, Hormone, and Metabolism, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sophitsachi Pasatrat
- Department of Medicine, and Excellence Center for Diabetes, Hormone, and Metabolism, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thipaporn Tharavanij
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Lalita Wattanachanya
- Hormonal and Metabolic Disorders Research Unit and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Samakkee Payabarn Bldg., 2nd floor, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Rama IV Road, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Department of Medicine, and Excellence Center for Diabetes, Hormone, and Metabolism, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Weerapan Khovidhunkit
- Hormonal and Metabolic Disorders Research Unit and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Samakkee Payabarn Bldg., 2nd floor, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Rama IV Road, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Department of Medicine, and Excellence Center for Diabetes, Hormone, and Metabolism, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.
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14
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Li J, Zhang H, Yang C, Li Y, Dai Z. An overview of osteocalcin progress. J Bone Miner Metab 2016; 34:367-79. [PMID: 26747614 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-015-0734-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An increasing amount of data indicate that osteocalcin is an endocrine hormone which regulates energy metabolism, male fertility and brain development. However, the detailed functions and mechanism of osteocalcin are not well understood and conflicting results have been obtained from researchers worldwide. In the present review, we summarize the progress of osteocalcin studies over the past 40 years, focusing on the structure of carboxylated and undercarboxylated osteocalcin, new functions and putative receptors, the role of osteocalcin in bone remodeling, specific expression and regulation in osteoblasts, and new indices for clinical studies. The complexity of osteocalcin in completely, uncompletely and non-carboxylated forms may account for the discrepancies in its tertiary structure and clinical results. Moreover, the extensive expression of osteocalcin and its putative receptor GPRC6A imply that there are new physiological functions and mechanisms of action of osteocalcin to be explored. New discoveries related to osteocalcin function will assist its potential clinical application and physiological theory, but comprehensive investigations are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiao Li
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, State Key Lab of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, P.O.Box 1053-23#, No. 26, Beijing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, State Key Lab of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, P.O.Box 1053-23#, No. 26, Beijing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Chao Yang
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, State Key Lab of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, P.O.Box 1053-23#, No. 26, Beijing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Yinghui Li
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, State Key Lab of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, P.O.Box 1053-23#, No. 26, Beijing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Zhongquan Dai
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, State Key Lab of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, P.O.Box 1053-23#, No. 26, Beijing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100094, China.
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Liu DM, Guo XZ, Tong HJ, Tao B, Sun LH, Zhao HY, Ning G, Liu JM. Association between osteocalcin and glucose metabolism: a meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int 2015; 26:2823-33. [PMID: 26089135 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3197-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the associations between osteocalcin (Ocn) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). It was revealed that both total Ocn and undercarboxylated Ocn (unOcn) were negatively related with FPG and HbA1c, and the association of unOcn with FPG was more pronounced in men. INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate the strength of associations between Ocn and FPG and HbA1c using a meta-analysis approach. METHODS A search was carried out using the databases of PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and the Cochrane library from 2007 to 2014 to identify related studies. A pooled effect size with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) was derived. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 39 studies involving 23,381 participants. The overall correlation was -0.16 (95 % CI, -0.19 to -0.14) between total Ocn (tOcn) and FPG and -0.15 (95 % CI, -0.20 to -0.11) between undercarboxylated Ocn (unOcn) and FPG. In the analysis of the association between Ocn and HbA1c, the pooled correlation was -0.16 (95 % CI, -0.18 to -0.14) for tOcn and -0.16 (95 % CI, -0.23 to -0.08) for unOcn. The magnitude of the correlation between unOcn and FPG is significantly higher in men than in women (r = -0.18, 95 % CI, -0.21 to -0.14; r = -0.09, 95 % CI, -0. 13 to -0.05, respectively; P for interaction < 0.05). Similar trend was also found between unOcn and HbA1c but without significance (for men, r = -0.19, 95 % CI, -0.24 to -0.14; for women, r = -0.09, 95 % CI, -0.22 to 0.04, respectively; P for interaction > 0.05). No indication of significant publication bias was found in any method. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis demonstrated that both unOcn and tOcn were similarly and negatively correlated with FPG and HbA1c in humans. The negative correlations between unOcn and glucose metabolism appear to be more pronounced in men than in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- D-M Liu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - X-Z Guo
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - H-J Tong
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM) Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Montreal and Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - B Tao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - L-H Sun
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - H-Y Zhao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - G Ning
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China.
| | - J-M Liu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China.
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16
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D'Amelio P, Sassi F, Buondonno I, Spertino E, Tamone C, Piano S, Zugna D, Richiardi L, Isaia GC. Effect of intermittent PTH treatment on plasma glucose in osteoporosis: A randomized trial. Bone 2015; 76:177-84. [PMID: 25827255 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of bone turnover on glucose homeostasis, fat distribution and adipokine production during anabolic treatment with PTH. This is a parallel, randomized controlled, open label, trial. The randomization was done by computer generated tables to allocate treatments. Forty-six postmenopausal osteoporotic non-diabetic women were assigned to treatment with calcium and colecalcipherol with (24) or without (22) PTH 1-84. Patients were recalled after 3, 6, 12 and 18 months of treatment and markers of bone turnover, glucose metabolism, adipokine secretion and fat distribution were analyzed. Markers of bone turnover and adipokines were measured by ELISA. Glucose metabolism was evaluated by an oral glucose load test and insulin resistance and secretion were calculated. Fat and lean mass were evaluated by anthropometric measures. The effect of treatment on measured variables was analyzed by repeated measure test, and its effect on glucose was also evaluated by mediation analysis after correction for possible confounders. Twenty patients in the calcium and vitamin D groups and 19 in the group treated with PTH 1-84 completed the study. There were no significance adverse events. Treatment with PTH increases osteocalcin, both total (OC) and undercarboxylated (uOC), and decreases blood glucose, without influence on insulin secretion, resistance and pancreatic β cell function. Treatment with PTH does not influence fat distribution and adipokine production. The results of the mediation analyses suggest a total effect of PTH on blood glucose, moderately mediated by OC and to a less extent by uOC. Here we suggest that treatment with PTH influences glucose metabolism partially through its effect on bone turnover, without influence on insulin secretion, resistance, pancreatic β cell function and fat mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia D'Amelio
- Gerontology Section, Department of Medical Science, University of Torino, Italy.
| | - Francesca Sassi
- Gerontology Section, Department of Medical Science, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Ilaria Buondonno
- Gerontology Section, Department of Medical Science, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Elena Spertino
- Gerontology Section, Department of Medical Science, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Cristina Tamone
- Gerontology Section, Department of Medical Science, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Simonetta Piano
- Gerontology Section, Department of Medical Science, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Daniela Zugna
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Medical Science, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Richiardi
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Medical Science, University of Torino, Italy
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Ferron M, Lacombe J. Regulation of energy metabolism by the skeleton: Osteocalcin and beyond. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 561:137-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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