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Liu W, Liu A, Li X, Sun Z, Sun Z, Liu Y, Wang G, Huang D, Xiong H, Yu S, Zhang X, Fan C. Dual-engineered cartilage-targeting extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells enhance osteoarthritis treatment via miR-223/NLRP3/pyroptosis axis: Toward a precision therapy. Bioact Mater 2023; 30:169-183. [PMID: 37593145 PMCID: PMC10429745 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common disabling joint disease with no effective disease modifying drugs. Extracellular vesicles released by several types of mesenchymal stem cells could promote cartilage repair and ameliorate OA pathology in animal models, representing a novel therapeutic strategy. In this study, we demonstrated that extracellular vesicles derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-EVs) could maintain chondrocyte homeostasis and alleviate OA, and further revealed a novel molecular mechanism of this therapeutic effect. miR-223, which could directly bind with the 3'UTR of NLRP3 mRNA, was found to be a key miRNA for hUC-EVs to exert beneficial effects on inflammation inhibiting and cartilage protecting. For enhancing the effect on mitigating osteoarthritis, exogenous miR-223 was loaded into hUC-EVs by electroporation, and a collagen II-targeting peptide (WYRGRL) was modified onto the surface of hUC-EVs by genetic engineering to achieve a more targeted and efficient RNA delivery to the cartilage. The dual-engineered EVs showed a maximal effect on inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome activation and chondrocyte pyroptosis, and offered excellent results for the treatment of OA. This study provides a novel theoretical basis and a promising therapeutic strategy for the application of engineered extracellular vesicles in OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixuan Liu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Anqi Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Xujun Li
- Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201199, China
| | - Ziyang Sun
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Zhenghua Sun
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yaru Liu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Hao Xiong
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Shiyang Yu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xintao Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Cunyi Fan
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
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Todtenhaupt P, Franken LA, Groene SG, van Hoolwerff M, van der Meeren LE, van Klink JMM, Roest AAW, de Bruin C, Ramos YFM, Haak MC, Lopriore E, Heijmans BT, van Pel M. A robust and standardized method to isolate and expand mesenchymal stromal cells from human umbilical cord. Cytotherapy 2023; 25:1057-1068. [PMID: 37516948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hUC-MSCs) are increasingly used in research and therapy. To obtain hUC-MSCs, a diversity of isolation and expansion methods are applied. Here, we report on a robust and standardized method for hUC-MSC isolation and expansion. METHODS Using 90 hUC donors, we compared and optimized critical variables during each phase of the multi-step procedure involving UC collection, processing, MSC isolation, expansion and characterization. Furthermore, we assessed the effect of donor-to-donor variability regarding UC morphology and donor attributes on hUC-MSC characteristics. RESULTS We demonstrated robustness of our method across 90 UC donors at each step of the procedure. With our method, UCs can be collected up to 6 h after birth, and UC-processing can be initiated up to 48 h after collection without impacting on hUC-MSC characteristics. The removal of blood vessels before explant cultures improved hUC-MSC purity. Expansion in Minimum essential medium α supplemented with human platelet lysate increased reproducibility of the expansion rate and MSC characteristics as compared with Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum. The isolated hUC-MSCs showed a purity of ∼98.9%, a viability of >97% and a high proliferative capacity. Trilineage differentiation capacity of hUC-MSCs was reduced as compared with bone marrow-derived MSCs. Functional assays indicated that the hUC-MSCs were able to inhibit T-cell proliferation demonstrating their immune-modulatory capacity. CONCLUSIONS We present a robust and standardized method to isolate and expand hUC-MSCs, minimizing technical variability and thereby lay a foundation to advance reliability and comparability of results obtained from different donors and different studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Todtenhaupt
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Neonatology, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Laura A Franken
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie G Groene
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Neonatology, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marcella van Hoolwerff
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lotte E van der Meeren
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanine M M van Klink
- Neonatology, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arno A W Roest
- Pediatric Cardiology, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christiaan de Bruin
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yolande F M Ramos
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Monique C Haak
- Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Enrico Lopriore
- Neonatology, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan T Heijmans
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Melissa van Pel
- NecstGen, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Zou M, Wang J, Shao Z. Therapeutic Potential of Exosomes in Tendon and Tendon-Bone Healing: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:299. [PMID: 37367263 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14060299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes have been proven to play a positive role in tendon and tendon-bone healing. Here, we systematically review the literature to evaluate the efficacy of exosomes in tendon and tendon-bone healing. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a systematic and comprehensive review of the literature was performed on 21 January 2023. The electronic databases searched included Medline (through PubMed), Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Ovid. In the end, a total of 1794 articles were systematically reviewed. Furthermore, a "snowball" search was also carried out. Finally, forty-six studies were included for analysis, with the total sample size being 1481 rats, 416 mice, 330 rabbits, 48 dogs, and 12 sheep. In these studies, exosomes promoted tendon and tendon-bone healing and displayed improved histological, biomechanical and morphological outcomes. Some studies also suggested the mechanism of exosomes in promoting tendon and tendon-bone healing, mainly through the following aspects: (1) suppressing inflammatory response and regulating macrophage polarization; (2) regulating gene expression, reshaping cell microenvironment and reconstructing extracellular matrix; (3) promoting angiogenesis. The risk of bias in the included studies was low on the whole. This systematic review provides evidence of the positive effect of exosomes on tendon and tendon-bone healing in preclinical studies. The unclear-to-low risk of bias highlights the significance of standardization of outcome reporting. It should be noted that the most suitable source, isolation methods, concentration and administration frequency of exosomes are still unknown. Additionally, few studies have used large animals as subjects. Further studies may be required on comparing the safety and efficacy of different treatment parameters in large animal models, which would be conducive to the design of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingrui Zou
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Engineering Research Center of Sports Trauma Treatment Technology and Devices, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jingzhou Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Engineering Research Center of Sports Trauma Treatment Technology and Devices, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhenxing Shao
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Engineering Research Center of Sports Trauma Treatment Technology and Devices, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
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Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Carrying MicroRNA-181c-5p Promote BMP2-Induced Repair of Cartilage Injury through Inhibition of SMAD7 Expression. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:1157498. [PMID: 35782228 PMCID: PMC9249498 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1157498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapy role of mesenchymal stem cell- (MSC-) derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in cartilage regeneration has been well studied. Herein, we tried to analyze the role of human umbilical cord MSC- (hUCMSC-) EVs carrying microRNA- (miR-) 181c-5p in repair of cartilage injury. After successful isolation of hUCMSCs, the multidirectional differentiation abilities were analyzed. Then, the EVs were isolated and identified. After coculture of PKH26-labled EVs with bone marrow MSCs (BMSCs), the biological behaviors of which were detected. The relationship between the predicted early posttraumatic osteoarthritis-associated miRNA, miR-181c-5p, and SMAD7 was verified. Gain- and loss-of functions were performed for investing the role of miR-181c-5p and SMAD7 in BMP-induced chondrogenesis in vitro and in vivo. hUCMSC-EVs could be internalized by BMSCs and promote the proliferative, migratory, and chondrogenic differentiation potentials of BMSCs. Additionally, miR-181c-5p could target and inhibit SMAD7 expression to promote the bone morphogenic protein 2- (BMP2-) induced proliferative, migratory, and chondrogenic differentiation potentials of BMSCs. Also, overexpression of SMAD7 inhibited the repairing effect of BMP2, and overexpression of BMP2 and miR-181c-5p further promoted the repair of cartilage injury in vivo. Our present study highlighted the repairing effect of hUCMSC-EVs carrying miR-181c-5p on cartilage injury.
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Decellularized Periosteum-Derived Hydrogels Promote the Proliferation, Migration and Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Gels 2022; 8:gels8050294. [PMID: 35621593 PMCID: PMC9140703 DOI: 10.3390/gels8050294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) are promising for bone tissue engineering, which have a non-invasive harvesting process, high cell yield, favorable proliferation capacity, and low immunogenicity. However, the osteogenic efficacy of hUCMSCs is relatively lower than that of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Hydrogels from decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) preserve the biological compositions and functions of natural ECM, which can provide tissue-specific cues to regulate phenotypic expression and cell fate. It is unknown, however, whether hydrogels from periosteum can serve as pro-osteogenic carriers of hUCMSCs. Herein, a decellularized periosteum-derived hydrogel (dPH) was fabricated to reveal the effects of periosteum-specific cues on the bioactivities of hUCMSCs. A widely used non-bone/periosteum-derived ECM hydrogel product, Matrigel, was used as the control group. After decellularization, the absence of nuclei in the histological analysis indicated a successful removal of cellular components, which was also confirmed by DNA content quantification. The storage modulus of dPH increased (from 164.49 ± 29.92 Pa to 855.20 ± 20.67 Pa) with increasing concentration (from 0.5% to 1%). With a highly porous, fibrous microstructure, dPH had a more hydrophilic surface than Matrigel, of which the water contact angle reduced 62.62 ± 0.04%. Furthermore, dPH prominently promoted the initial cellular spreading with a significantly higher cell surface area (1.47-fold), cell spreading length (1.45-fold) and proliferation (approximately 1.05–1.13-fold) of hUCMSCs than those of Matrigel. Additionally, dPH was conducive to cell migration, whereas no cells migrated to Matrigel in the Transwell model. Compared with those of the Matrigel group, the osteogenesis-related genes expression levels (runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteopontin (OPN), and osteocalcin (OCN)) and mineralized matrix formation (9.74-fold) of the hUCMSCs significantly increased in the dPH group. Our study indicated that dPH could provide a pro-osteogenic microenvironment for hUCMSCs, thereby revealing a promising application potential to repair bone defects.
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Yao Z, Li J, Xiong H, Cui H, Ning J, Wang S, Ouyang X, Qian Y, Fan C. MicroRNA engineered umbilical cord stem cell-derived exosomes direct tendon regeneration by mTOR signaling. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:169. [PMID: 34090456 PMCID: PMC8180131 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00906-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exosomes are extracellular vesicles of nano-structures and represent an emerging nano-scale acellular therapy in recent years. Tendon regeneration is a sophisticated process in the field of microsurgery due to its poor natural healing ability. To date, no successful long-term solution has been provided for the healing of tendon injuries. Functional recovery requires advanced treatment strategies. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (HUMSC-Exos) are considered as promising cell-free therapeutic agents. However, few studies reported their potential in the tendon repair previously. In this study, we explored the roles and underlying mechanisms of HUMSC-Exos in the tendon regeneration. Results Expression of tendon‐specific markers in, and collagen deposition by, tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs) treated with HUMSC-Exos increased in vitro. In a rat Achilles tendon injury model, treatment with HUMSC-Exos improved the histological structure, enhanced tendon-specific matrix components, and optimized biomechanical properties of the Achilles tendon. Findings in miRNA sequencing indicated a significant increase in miR-29a-3p in HUMSC-Exo-treated Achilles tendons. Next, luciferase assay in combination with western blot identified phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) as the specific target of miR-29a-3p. Furthermore, we applied a miR-29a-3p-specific agonist to engineer HUMSC-Exos. These HUMSC-Exos overexpressing miR-29a-3p amplified the gain effects of HUMSC-Exos on tendon healing in vivo. To explore the underlying mechanisms, a transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) inhibitor (SB-431542), mTOR inhibitor (rapamycin), and engineered HUMSC-Exos were employed. The results showed that TGF-β1 and mTOR signaling were involved in the beneficial effects of HUMSC-Exos on tendon regeneration. Conclusion The findings in our study suggest that PTEN/mTOR/TGF-β1 signaling cascades may be a potential pathway for HUMSC-Exos to deliver miR-29a-3p for tendon healing and implicate a novel therapeutic strategy for tendon regeneration via engineered stem cell-derived exosomes. Graphic abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiao Yao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Juehong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Hao Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Haomin Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jiexin Ning
- Department of Plastics, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, 256610, China
| | - Shikun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xingyu Ouyang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yun Qian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Cunyi Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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Mazini L, Ezzoubi M, Malka G. Overview of current adipose-derived stem cell (ADSCs) processing involved in therapeutic advancements: flow chart and regulation updates before and after COVID-19. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:1. [PMID: 33397467 PMCID: PMC7781178 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02006-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have raised big interest in therapeutic applications in regenerative medicine and appear to fulfill the criteria for a successful cell therapy. Their low immunogenicity and their ability to self-renew, to differentiate into different tissue-specific progenitors, to migrate into damaged sites, and to act through autocrine and paracrine pathways have been altogether testified as the main mechanisms whereby cell repair and regeneration occur. The absence of standardization protocols in cell management within laboratories or facilities added to the new technologies improved at patient's bedside and the discrepancies in cell outcomes and engraftment increase the limitations on their widespread use by balancing their real benefit versus the patient safety and security. Also, comparisons across pooled patients are particularly difficult in the fact that multiple medical devices are used and there is absence of harmonized assessment assays despite meeting regulations agencies and efficient GMP protocols. Moreover, the emergence of the COVID-19 breakdown added to the complexity of implementing standardization. Cell- and tissue-based therapies are completely dependent on the biological manifestations and parameters associated to and induced by this virus where the scope is still unknown. The initial flow chart identified for stem cell therapies should be reformulated and updated to overcome patient infection and avoid significant variability, thus enabling more patient safety and therapeutic efficiency. The aim of this work is to highlight the major guidelines and differences in ADSC processing meeting the current good manufacturing practices (cGMP) and the cellular therapy-related policies. Specific insights on standardization of ADSCs proceeding at different check points are also presented as a setup for the cord blood and bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loubna Mazini
- Laboratoire Cellules Souches et Régénération Cellulaire et Tissulaire, Center of Biological and Medical Sciences CIAM, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150 Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Ezzoubi
- Centre des Brûlés et chirurgie réparatrice, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ibn Rochd Casablanca, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Gabriel Malka
- Laboratoire Cellules Souches et Régénération Cellulaire et Tissulaire, Center of Biological and Medical Sciences CIAM, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150 Ben Guerir, Morocco
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Silva Couto P, Rotondi M, Bersenev A, Hewitt C, Nienow A, Verter F, Rafiq Q. Expansion of human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hMSCs) in bioreactors using microcarriers: lessons learnt and what the future holds. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 45:107636. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Human mesenchymal stem cells treatment improved hepatic lesions and reversed gut microbiome disorder in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:21660-21673. [PMID: 33168782 PMCID: PMC7695425 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Effective therapies for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are urgently needed. We investigated the effect of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) on the intestinal flora in NASH treatment. We isolated the hMSCs from the umbilical cords and divided male C57BL/6 mice into three groups, namely, chow, methionine-choline-deficient (MCD), and MCD+hMSCs. After collecting the feces and liver of the mice, we evaluated the histological changes in the liver and measured the inflammatory and fibrogenesis cytokines. Fecal microbiome and metabolome were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses. The hMSCs treatment could alleviate hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis induced by MCD diet. It could also reverse the microbiome and metabolome disorders in the NASH model. Correlation analysis of the interaction among bacteria amplified the effects of the bacteria in host. In conclusion, hMSCs treatment could improve NASH-related lesions and reverse gut microbiome and metabolome disorder in NASH.
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Yao Z, Li J, Wang X, Peng S, Ning J, Qian Y, Fan C. MicroRNA-21-3p Engineered Umbilical Cord Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Inhibit Tendon Adhesion. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:303-316. [PMID: 32753931 PMCID: PMC7354957 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s254879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose As a common complication of tendon injury, tendon adhesion is an unresolved problem in clinical work. The aim of this study was to investigate whether human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (HUMSC-Exos), one of the most promising new-generation cell-free therapeutic agents, can improve tendon adhesion and explore potential-related mechanisms. Methods The rat Achilles tendon injury adhesion model was constructed in vivo, and the localization of HUMSC-Exos was used to evaluate the tendon adhesion. Rat fibroblast cell lines were treated with transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and/or HUMSC-Exos in vitro, and cell proliferation, apoptosis and gene expression were measured. MicroRNA (miRNA) sequencing and quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis confirmed differential miRNAs. A specific miRNA antagonist (antagomir-21a-5p) was used to transform HUMSC-Exos and obtain modified exosomes to verify its efficacy and related mechanism of action. Results In this study, we found HUMSC-Exos reduced rat fibroblast proliferation and inhibited the expression of fibrosis genes: collagen III (COL III) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in vitro. In the rat tendon adhesion model, topical application of HUMSC-Exos contributed to relief of tendon adhesion. Specifically, the fibrosis and inflammation-related genes were simultaneously inhibited by HUMSC-Exos. Further, miRNA sequencing of HUMSCs and HUMSC-Exos showed that miR-21a-3p was expressed at low abundance in HUMSC-Exos. The antagonist targeting miR-21a-3p was recruited for treatment of HUMSCs, and harvested HUMSC-Exos, which expressed low levels of miR-21a-3p, and expanded the inhibition of tendon adhesion in subsequent in vitro experiments. Conclusion Our results indicate that HUMSC-Exos may manipulate p65 activity by delivering low-abundance miR-21a-3p, ultimately inhibiting tendon adhesion. The findings may be promising for dealing with tendon adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiao Yao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Juehong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqiao Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiexin Ning
- Department of Plastics, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou 256610, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Qian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Cunyi Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
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Nonoperative Applications of Placental Tissue Matrix in Orthopaedic Sports Injuries: A Review of Literature. Clin J Sport Med 2020; 30:383-389. [PMID: 30365472 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000000684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recently, various amniotic tissue and placental-based tissue matrix (PTM) products have become increasingly available as a nonoperative treatment for tendinopathies and orthopaedic sports injuries. The aim of this review was to evaluate: (1) safety and efficacy of nonoperative use of PTM products, in acute and chronic tendon injuries and (2) the commercially available tissue options to better understand their differences. DATA SOURCES A comprehensive literature search was performed. Inclusion criteria were studies reporting on: (1) nonoperative uses of PTM therapy in sports injuries; and (2) clinical outcomes; in (3) human subjects. We excluded: (1) animal studies; (2) basic science studies; (3) non-English language literature; (4) review articles; and (5) duplicate studies. In addition, to determine the various product formulations, their tissue contents, and indications for use, we searched publicly available website content, marketing literature, and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) registration documents. MAIN RESULTS Current evidence investigated various PTM products for the treatment of various tendon injuries with demonstrated efficacy mainly in the short term with follow-up ranging between 6 weeks and 3 months. In addition, across all studies, no specific adverse events were reported. Substantial differences exist among the currently available products due to variations in their tissue source, formulations, processing methods, method of sterilization, preservation, and storage, indications for use, and FDA regulation. CONCLUSIONS Placental- and amniotic membrane-derived tissues seem to be safe for the nonoperative treatment of tendinopathies. However, several factors may affect the efficacy and safety profile of these products, and the orthopaedic surgeons should be aware of the differences.
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Liu XYE, Park E, Barretto T, Liu E, Ferrier GA, Tavakkoli J, J Baker A. Effect of Human Umbilical Cord Perivascular Cell-Conditioned Media in an Adult Zebrafish Model of Traumatic Brain Injury. Zebrafish 2020; 17:177-186. [PMID: 32434437 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2020.1859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiological events of secondary brain injury contribute to poor outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI). The neuroprotective effects of mesenchymal cells have been extensively studied and evidence suggests that their effects are mostly mediated through paracrine effects. Human umbilical cord perivascular cells (HUCPVCs) are mesenchymal stem cells with potential therapeutic value in TBI. In this study, we assessed the effect of HUCPVC-conditioned media (CM) in an established adult zebrafish model of TBI induced by pulsed high-intensity focused ultrasound (pHIFU). This model demonstrates similarities to mammalian outcome after TBI. Administration of HUCPVC-CM 1 h postinjury (hpi) resulted in improved outcome after pHIFU-induced TBI. Western blot and immunohistochemistry results demonstrated that the HUCPVC-CM reduced (p < 0.05) reactive astrogliosis at 24 hpi. Moreover, at 24 hpi, the HUCPVC-CM treatment resulted in reduced apoptosis in HUCPVC-CM-treated zebrafish. Behavioral analysis demonstrated improvement in locomotor activity (p < 0.05) and anxiety (p < 0.05) at 6 and 24 hpi following HUCPVC-CM treatment. Overall, HUCPVC-CM treatment improved acute outcome measures in pHIFU-injured zebrafish. Collectively, the data demonstrate a cell-free treatment approach for traumatic brain injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eugene Park
- Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tanya Barretto
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Elaine Liu
- Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Jahan Tavakkoli
- Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andrew J Baker
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Critical Care and Anesthesia, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia and Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Zhang Y, Lv P, Li Y, Zhang Y, Cheng C, Hao H, Yue H. Comparison of the biological characteristics of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells derived from the human heterosexual twins. Differentiation 2020; 114:1-12. [PMID: 32460139 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are attracting more and more attention due to their tissue regenerative properties and immunomodulatory functions. MSCs may be the most acceptable, safe, and effective source for allogeneic cell therapy, and have been used in medical treatment. However, the similarities and differences between umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs) of heterosexual twins remain poorly understood. In this study, we compared the biological characteristics of UC-MSCs of heterosexual twins in vitro. We found that male fetal UC-MSCs and female fetal UC-MSCs share a similar phenotype and multi-lineage differentiation potential, and male fetal UC-MSCs show a significantly higher proliferation and adipogenic ability than female fetal UC-MSCs. UC-MSCs from heterosexual twins showed significant differences in the expression levels of NANOG, OCT4, TERT, and SOX2. In addition, male MSCs are more potent in the expression of inflammatory cytokines to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. In future clinical applications using MSCs for inflammation-related diseases, these biological characteristics differences with different genders will guide our clinical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- Translational Medicine Center, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450007, China
| | - Pengju Lv
- Translational Medicine Center, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450007, China
| | - Yalong Li
- Stem Cell Research Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Differentiation and Modification Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China; People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Stem Cell Research Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Differentiation and Modification Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China; People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Chaofei Cheng
- Stem Cell Research Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Differentiation and Modification Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China; People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Hongbo Hao
- Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, 10031, USA
| | - Han Yue
- Stem Cell Research Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Differentiation and Modification Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China; People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China.
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14
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Imberti B, Cerullo D, Corna D, Rota C, Locatelli M, Pezzotta A, Introna M, Capelli C, Carminati CE, Rabelink TJ, Leuning DG, Zoja C, Morigi M, Remuzzi G, Benigni A, Luyckx V. Protective Effects of Human Nonrenal and Renal Stromal Cells and Their Conditioned Media in a Rat Model of Chronic Kidney Disease. Cell Transplant 2020; 29:963689720965467. [PMID: 33663249 PMCID: PMC8718166 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720965467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are emerging as a novel therapeutic option for limiting chronic kidney disease progression. Conditioned medium (CM) containing bioactive compounds could convey similar benefits, avoiding the potential risks of cell therapy. This study compared the efficacy of nonrenal and renal cell-based therapy with the corresponding CM in rats with renal mass reduction (RMR). Infusions of human kidney stromal cells (kPSCs) and CM-kPSCs, but not umbilical cord (uc) MSCs or CM-ucMSCs, reduced proteinuria and preserved podocyte number and nephrin expression in RMR rats. Glomerular fibrosis, microvascular rarefaction, and apoptosis were reduced by all treatments, while the peritubular microvascular loss was reduced by kPSCs and CM-kPSCs treatment only. Importantly, kPSCs and CM-kPSCs reduced NG2-positive pericytes, and all therapies reduced α-smooth muscle actin expression, indicating reduced myofibroblast expansion. Treatment with kPSCs also significantly inhibited the accumulation of ED1-positive macrophages in the renal interstitium of RMR rats. These findings demonstrate that the CM of ucMSCs and kPSCs confers similar renoprotection as the cells. kPSCs and CM-kPSCs may be superior in attenuating chronic renal injury as a cell source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Imberti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy.,Both the authors are co-first author
| | - Domenico Cerullo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy.,Both the authors are co-first author
| | - Daniela Corna
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Cinzia Rota
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Monica Locatelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Anna Pezzotta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Martino Introna
- Laboratory of Cell Therapy "G. Lanzani", Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Chiara Capelli
- Laboratory of Cell Therapy "G. Lanzani", Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Claudia Elisa Carminati
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Ton J Rabelink
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Holland
| | - Danielle G Leuning
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Holland
| | - Carlamaria Zoja
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Marina Morigi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Remuzzi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy.,"L. Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ariela Benigni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Valerie Luyckx
- Institute of Biomedical Ethics and History of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Large-Scale Automated Hollow-Fiber Bioreactor Expansion of Umbilical Cord-Derived Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Neurological Disorders. Neurochem Res 2019; 45:204-214. [PMID: 31828497 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02925-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders present a broad group of neurological diseases and remain one of the greatest challenges and burdens to mankind. Maladies like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, stroke or spinal cord injury commonly features astroglia involvement (astrogliosis) with signs of inflammation. Regenerative, paracrine and immunomodulatory properties of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) could target the above components, thus opening new therapeutic possibilities for regenerative medicine. A special interest should be given to hMSCs derived from the umbilical cord (UC) tissue, due to their origin, properties and lack of ethical paradigms. The aim of this study was to establish standard operating and scale-up good manufacturing practice (GMP) protocols of UC-hMSCs isolation, characterization, expansion and comparison of cells' properties when harvested on T-flasks versus using a large-scale bioreactor system. Human UC-hMSCs, isolated by tissue explant culture technique from Wharton's jelly, were harvested after reaching 75% confluence and cultured using tissue culture flasks. Obtained UC-hMSCs prior/after the cryopreservation and after harvesting in a bioreactor, were fully characterized for "mesenchymness" immunomodulatory, tumorigenicity and genetic stability, senescence and cell-doubling properties, as well as gene expression features. Our study demonstrates an efficient and simple technique for large scale UC-hMSCs expansion. Harvesting of UC-hMSCs' using classic and large scale methods did not alter UC-hMSCs' senescence, genetic stability or in vitro tumorigenicity features. We observed comparable growth and immunomodulatory capacities of fresh, frozen and expanded UC-hMSCs. We found no difference in the ability to differentiate toward adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages between classic and large scale UC-hMSCs expansion methods. Both, methods enabled derivation of genetically stabile cells with typical mesenchymal features. Interestingly, we found significantly increased mRNA expression levels of neural growth factor (NGF) and downregulated insulin growth factor (IGF) in UC-hMSCs cultured in bioreactor, while IL4, IL6, IL8, TGFb and VEGF expression levels remained at the similar levels. A culturing of UC-hMSCs using a large-scale automated closed bioreactor expansion system under the GMP conditions does not alter basic "mesenchymal" features and quality of the cells. Our study has been designed to pave a road toward translation of basic research data known about human UC-MSCs for the future clinical testing in patients with neurological and immunocompromised disorders. An industrial manufacturing of UC-hMSCs next will undergo regulatory approval following advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMP) criteria prior to clinical application and approval to be used in patients.
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Mastrolia I, Foppiani EM, Murgia A, Candini O, Samarelli AV, Grisendi G, Veronesi E, Horwitz EM, Dominici M. Challenges in Clinical Development of Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells: Concise Review. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:1135-1148. [PMID: 31313507 PMCID: PMC6811694 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Identified 50 years ago, mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) immediately generated a substantial interest among the scientific community because of their differentiation plasticity and hematopoietic supportive function. Early investigations provided evidence of a relatively low engraftment rate and a transient benefit for challenging congenital and acquired diseases. The reasons for these poor therapeutic benefits forced the entire field to reconsider MSC mechanisms of action together with their ex vivo manipulation procedures. This phase resulted in advances in MSCs processing and the hypothesis that MSC‐tissue supportive functions may be prevailing their differentiation plasticity, broadening the spectrum of MSCs therapeutic potential far beyond their lineage‐restricted commitments. Consequently, an increasing number of studies have been conducted for a variety of clinical indications, revealing additional challenges and suggesting that MSCs are still lagging behind for a solid clinical translation. For this reason, our aim was to dissect the current challenges in the development of still promising cell types that, after more than half a century, still need to reach their maturity. stem cells translational medicine2019;8:1135–1148
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilenia Mastrolia
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Program of Cell Therapy and Immuno-Oncology, Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Manuela Foppiani
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alba Murgia
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Program of Cell Therapy and Immuno-Oncology, Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Anna Valeria Samarelli
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Program of Cell Therapy and Immuno-Oncology, Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Grisendi
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Program of Cell Therapy and Immuno-Oncology, Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Elena Veronesi
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Program of Cell Therapy and Immuno-Oncology, Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Technopole of Mirandola TPM, Mirandola, Modena, Italy
| | - Edwin M Horwitz
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Program of Cell Therapy and Immuno-Oncology, Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Rigenerand srl, Medolla, Modena, Italy.,Technopole of Mirandola TPM, Mirandola, Modena, Italy
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17
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Kong CM, Lin HD, Biswas A, Bongso A, Fong CY. Manufacturing of human Wharton's jelly stem cells for clinical use: selection of serum is important. Cytotherapy 2019; 21:483-495. [PMID: 30879965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hWJSCs) have gained considerable attention for their use in cell therapy. Many of these applications would require manufacturing of millions of hWJSCs. It is, therefore, necessary to develop a Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)-compliant hWJSC expansion protocol, allowing the generation of a large quantity of cells to meet both clinical and regulatory requirements. Here, we compared human platelet lysate (HPL) and human serum (HS) in supporting clinical-grade hWJSC expansion. METHODS hWJSCs were successfully isolated from six different umbilical cords using GMP-compliant dissociation enzymes. Freshly isolated hWJSCs were cultured in media supplemented with 10% of one of the following sera: fetal bovine serum (FBS), HPL and HS. Properties of the expanded hWJSCs were analyzed. RESULTS We showed that GMP-compliant dissociation enzymes were as efficient as research-grade dissociation enzymes in isolating hWJSCs. hWJSC fresh cell yield and cell viability using HPL and HS supplementations were at greater advantages than FBS. Moreover, hWJSCs expanded in HPL and HS supplementations not only preserved classical MSCs phenotypes and differentiation potential to adipocytes, osteocytes and chondrocytes, they also enhanced the migration of skin fibroblasts. However, HS, unlike HPL, did not alter immunogenicity properties of hWJSCs. hWJSCs expanded in HS supplementation also exerted greater immunosuppressive action in inhibiting T-cell proliferation and increased extracellular matrix (ECM) gene expression, making them useful in tissue repair clinical application. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that HS can be considered as a promising and safer alternative to FBS, and should be recommended for clinical-grade expansion of hWJSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiou Mee Kong
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hao Daniel Lin
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Arijit Biswas
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ariff Bongso
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Chui-Yee Fong
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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18
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Zhang Y, Hao Z, Wang P, Xia Y, Wu J, Xia D, Fang S, Xu S. Exosomes from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells enhance fracture healing through HIF-1α-mediated promotion of angiogenesis in a rat model of stabilized fracture. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12570. [PMID: 30663158 PMCID: PMC6496165 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Exosomes, as important players in intercellular communication due to their ability to transfer certain molecules to target cells, are believed to take similar effects in promoting bone regeneration with their derived stem cells. Studies have suggested that umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (uMSCs) could promote angiogenesis. This study investigated whether exosomes derived from uMSCs (uMSC-Exos) could enhance fracture healing as primary factors by promoting angiogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS uMSCs were obtained to isolate uMSC-Exos by ultrafiltration, with exosomes from human embryonic kidney 293 cells (HEK293) and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) being used as control groups. NanoSight, laser light scattering spectrometer, transmission electron microscopy and Western blotting were used to identify exosomes. Next, uMSC-Exos combined with hydrogel were transplanted into the fracture site in a rat model of femoral fracture. Bone healing processes were monitored and evaluated by radiographic methods on days 7, 14, 21 and 31 after surgery; angiogenesis of the fracture sites was assessed by radiographic and histological strategies on post-operative day 14. In vitro, the expression levels of osteogenesis- or angiogenesis-related genes after being cultured with uMSC-Exos were identified by qRT-PCR. The internalization ability of exosomes was determined using the PKH67 assay. Cell cycle analysis, EdU incorporation and immunofluorescence staining, scratch wound assay and tube formation analysis were also used to determine the altered abilities of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) administered with uMSC-Exos in proliferation, migration and angiogenesis. Finally, to further explore the underlying molecular mechanisms, specific RNA inhibitors or siRNAs were used, and the subsequent effects were observed. RESULTS uMSC-Exos had a diameter of approximately 100 nm, were spherical, meanwhile expressing CD9, CD63 and CD81. Transplantation of uMSC-Exos markedly enhanced angiogenesis and bone healing processes in a rat model of femoral fracture. In vitro, other than enhancing osteogenic differentiation, uMSC-Exos increased the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). uMSC-Exos were taken up by HUVECs and enhanced their proliferation, migration and tube formation. Finally, by using specific RNA inhibitors or siRNAs, it has been confirmed that HIF-1α played an important role in the uMSC-Exos-induced VEGF expression, pro-angiogenesis and enhanced fracture repair, which may be one of the underlying mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS These results revealed a novel role of exosomes in uMSC-mediated therapy and suggested that implanted uMSC-Exos may represent a crucial clinical strategy to accelerate fracture healing via the promotion of angiogenesis. HIF-1α played an important role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntong Zhang
- Department of Emergency and TraumaShanghai Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zichen Hao
- Department of Emergency and TraumaShanghai Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, School of MedicineYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticut
| | - Panfeng Wang
- Department of Emergency and TraumaShanghai Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yan Xia
- Department of Emergency and TraumaShanghai Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jianghong Wu
- Department of Emergency and TraumaShanghai Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Demeng Xia
- Department of Emergency and TraumaShanghai Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Shuo Fang
- Department of Plastic and ReconstructionShanghai Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Shuogui Xu
- Department of Emergency and TraumaShanghai Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
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Shaw KA, Parada SA, Gloystein DM, Devine JG. The Science and Clinical Applications of Placental Tissues in Spine Surgery. Global Spine J 2018; 8:629-637. [PMID: 30202718 PMCID: PMC6125928 DOI: 10.1177/2192568217747573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Narrative literature review. OBJECTIVES Placental tissue, amniotic/chorionic membrane, and umbilical cord have seen a recent expansion in their clinical application in various fields of surgery. It is important for practicing surgeons to know the underlying science, especially as it relates to spine surgery, to understand the rationale and clinical indication, if any, for their usage. METHODS A literature search was performed using PubMed and MEDLINE databases to identify studies reporting the application of placental tissues as it relates to the practicing spine surgeon. Four areas of interest were identified and a comprehensive review was performed of available literature. RESULTS Clinical application of placental tissue holds promise with regard to treatment of intervertebral disc pathology, preventing epidural fibrosis, spinal dysraphism closure, and spinal cord injury; however, there is an overall paucity of high-quality evidence. As such, evidence-based guidelines for its clinical application are currently unavailable. CONCLUSIONS There is no high-level clinical evidence to support the application of placental tissue for spinal surgery, although it does hold promise for several areas of interest for the practicing spine surgeon. High-quality research is needed to define the clinical effectiveness and indications of placental tissue as it relates to spine surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Aaron Shaw
- Dwight D. Eisenhower Army Medical Center, Fort Gordon, GA, USA,K. Aaron Shaw, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dwight D. Eisenhower Army Medical Center, 300 East Hospital Road, Fort Gordon, GA 30905, USA.
| | | | | | - John G. Devine
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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20
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Therapeutic potential of stromal cells of non-renal or renal origin in experimental chronic kidney disease. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:220. [PMID: 30107860 PMCID: PMC6092807 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0960-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapy is a promising strategy for preventing the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD), with the potential to induce tissue regeneration. In search of the best cellular source we compared, in the rat model of adriamycin (ADR) nephropathy, the regenerative potential of human stromal cells of non-renal origin, such as bone marrow (bm) MSCs and umbilical cord (uc) MSCs, with that of newly discovered stromal cells of renal origin, the kidney perivascular cells (kPSCs) known to exhibit tissue-specific properties. Methods The therapeutic effect of repeated infusions of human bmMSCs, ucMSCs, kPSCs (1.5 × 106 cells/rats) or conditioned medium from ucMSCs was studied in athymic rats with ADR-induced nephropathy (7.9 mg/kg). The ability of the three stromal cell populations to engraft the damaged kidney was evaluated by detecting the presence of human nuclear antigenpos cells. Glomerular podocyte loss and endothelial damage, sclerotic lesions and inflammation were assessed at 14 and 28 days. In-vitro experiments with a transwell system were performed to investigate the effects of different stromal cell populations on parietal epithelial cells (PECs) activated or not with albumin or angiotensin II for 24 h. Results Infusions of non-renal and renal stromal cells resulted in a comparable engraftment into the kidney, in the peritubular areas and around the glomerular structures. All three cell populations limited podocyte loss and glomerular endothelial cell injury, and attenuated the formation of podocyte and PEC bridges. This translated into a reduction of glomerulosclerosis and fibrosis. Human ucMSCs had an anti-inflammatory effect superior to that of the other stromal cells, reducing macrophage infiltration and inducing polarisation towards the M2 macrophage phenotype. Conditioned medium from ucMSCs shared the same renoprotective effects of the cells. Consistent with in-vivo data, bmMSCs and kPSCs, but even more so ucMSCs, limited proliferation, migratory potential and extracellular matrix production of activated PECs, when cultured in a transwell system. Conclusions Our data indicate that either non-renal or renal stromal cells induce renal tissue repair, highlighting ucMSCs and their conditioned medium as the most reliable clinical therapeutic tool for CKD patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-0960-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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21
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Moroncini G, Paolini C, Orlando F, Capelli C, Grieco A, Tonnini C, Agarbati S, Mondini E, Saccomanno S, Goteri G, Svegliati Baroni S, Provinciali M, Introna M, Del Papa N, Gabrielli A. Mesenchymal stromal cells from human umbilical cord prevent the development of lung fibrosis in immunocompetent mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196048. [PMID: 29856737 PMCID: PMC5983506 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung fibrosis is a severe condition resulting from several interstial lung diseases (ILD) with different etiologies. Current therapy of ILD, especially those associated with connective tissue diseases, is rather limited and new anti-fibrotic strategies are needed. In this study, we investigated the anti-fibrotic activity in vivo of human mesenchymal stromal cells obtained from whole umbilical cord (hUC-MSC). Adult immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice (n. = 8 for each experimental condition) were injected intravenously with hUC-MSC (n. = 2.5 × 105) twice, 24 hours and 7 days after endotracheal injection of bleomycin. Upon sacrifice at days 8, 14, 21, collagen content, inflammatory cytokine profile, and hUC-MSC presence in explanted lung tissue were analyzed. Systemic administration of a double dose of hUC-MSC significantly reduced bleomycin-induced lung injury (inflammation and fibrosis) in mice through a selective inhibition of the IL6-IL10-TGFβ axis involving lung M2 macrophages. Only few hUC-MSC were detected from explanted lungs, suggesting a “hit and run” mechanism of action of this cellular therapy. Our data indicate that hUC-MSC possess strong in vivo anti-fibrotic activity in a mouse model resembling an immunocompetent human subject affected by inflammatory ILD, providing proof of concept for ad-hoc clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Moroncini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Chiara Paolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Fiorenza Orlando
- Centro di Tecnologie Avanzate nell’Invecchiamento, IRCCS-INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Chiara Capelli
- UOS Centro di Terapia Cellulare "G. Lanzani", A.S.S.T. Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Antonella Grieco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Cecilia Tonnini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Silvia Agarbati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Eleonora Mondini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefania Saccomanno
- AnatomiaPatologica, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche s e Sanità Pubblica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Gaia Goteri
- AnatomiaPatologica, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche s e Sanità Pubblica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Silvia Svegliati Baroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mauro Provinciali
- Centro di Tecnologie Avanzate nell’Invecchiamento, IRCCS-INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Martino Introna
- UOS Centro di Terapia Cellulare "G. Lanzani", A.S.S.T. Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Del Papa
- UOC Day Hospital di Reumatologia, Dipartimento di Reumatologia, ASST G. Pini-CTO, Milano, Italy
| | - Armando Gabrielli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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22
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Agostini F, Rossi FM, Aldinucci D, Battiston M, Lombardi E, Zanolin S, Massarut S, Parodi PC, Da Ponte A, Tessitori G, Pivetta B, Durante C, Mazzucato M. Improved GMP compliant approach to manipulate lipoaspirates, to cryopreserve stromal vascular fraction, and to expand adipose stem cells in xeno-free media. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:130. [PMID: 29751821 PMCID: PMC5948766 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0886-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The stromal vascular fraction (SVF) derived from adipose tissue contains adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASC) and can be used for regenerative applications. Thus, a validated protocol for SVF isolation, freezing, and thawing is required to manage product administration. To comply with Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP), fetal bovine serum (FBS), used to expand ASC in vitro, could be replaced by growth factors from platelet concentrates. Methods Throughout each protocol, GMP-compliant reagents and devices were used. SVF cells were isolated from lipoaspirates by a standardized enzymatic protocol. Cells were cryopreserved in solutions containing different albumin or serum and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) concentrations. Before and after cryopreservation, we analyzed: cell viability (by Trypan blue); immunophenotype (by flow cytometry); colony-forming unit-fibroblast (CFU-F) formation; and differentiation potential. ASC, seeded at different densities, were expanded in presence of 10% FBS or 5% supernatant rich in growth factors (SRGF) from platelets. The differentiation potential and cell transformation grade were tested in expanded ASC. Results We demonstrated that SVF can be obtained with a consistent yield (about 185 × 103 cells/ml lipoaspirate) and viability (about 82%). Lipoaspirate manipulation after overnight storage at +4 °C reduced cell viability (−11.6%). The relative abundance of ASC (CD34+CD45−CD31–) and endothelial precursors (CD34+CD45−CD31+) in the SVF product was about 59% and 42%, respectively. A period of 2 months cryostorage in autologous serum with added DMSO minimally affected post-thaw SVF cell viability as well as clonogenic and differentiation potentials. Viability was negatively affected when SVF was frozen at a cell concentration below 1.3 × 106 cells/ml. Cell viability was not significantly affected after a freezing period of 1 year. Independent of seeding density, ASC cultured in 5% SRGF exhibited higher growth rates when compared with 10% FBS. ASC expanded in both media showed unaltered identity (by flow cytometry) and were exempt from genetic lesions. Both 5% SRGF- and 10% FBS-expanded ASC efficiently differentiated to adipocytes, osteocytes, and chondrocytes. Conclusions This paper reports a GMP-compliant approach for freezing SVF cells isolated from adipose tissue by a standardized protocol. Moreover, an ASC expansion method in controlled culture conditions and without involvement of animal-derived additives was reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Maria Rossi
- Clinical-Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN, Italy
| | - Donatella Aldinucci
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN, Italy
| | - Monica Battiston
- Stem Cell Unit, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Zanolin
- Stem Cell Unit, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN, Italy
| | - Samuele Massarut
- Breast Surgery Unit; CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN, Italy
| | - Pier Camillo Parodi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Tessitori
- Cytogenetic Unit, AAS 5 Friuli Occidentale, "S. Maria degli Angeli" Hospital, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Barbara Pivetta
- Cytogenetic Unit, AAS 5 Friuli Occidentale, "S. Maria degli Angeli" Hospital, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Cristina Durante
- Stem Cell Unit, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN, Italy
| | - Mario Mazzucato
- Stem Cell Unit, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN, Italy.
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23
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Ravera S, Podestà M, Sabatini F, Fresia C, Columbaro M, Bruno S, Fulcheri E, Ramenghi LA, Frassoni F. Mesenchymal stem cells from preterm to term newborns undergo a significant switch from anaerobic glycolysis to the oxidative phosphorylation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:889-903. [PMID: 28975370 PMCID: PMC11105169 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2665-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the energy metabolism of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) isolated from umbilical cord (UC) of preterm (< 37 weeks of gestational age) and term (≥ 37 weeks of gestational age) newborns, using MSC from adult bone marrow as control. A metabolic switch has been observed around the 34th week of gestational age from a prevalently anaerobic glycolysis to the oxidative phosphorylation. This metabolic change is associated with the organization of mitochondria reticulum: preterm MSCs presented a scarcely organized mitochondrial reticulum and low expression of proteins involved in the mitochondrial fission/fusion, compared to term MSCs. These changes seem governed by the expression of CLUH, a cytosolic messenger RNA-binding protein involved in the mitochondria biogenesis and distribution inside the cell; in fact, CLUH silencing in term MSC determined a metabolic fingerprint similar to that of preterm MSC. Our study discloses novel information on the production of energy and mitochondrial organization and function, during the passage from fetal to adult life, providing useful information for the management of preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ravera
- Stem Cell Laboratory and Cell Therapy Center, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Marina Podestà
- Stem Cell Laboratory and Cell Therapy Center, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federica Sabatini
- Stem Cell Laboratory and Cell Therapy Center, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Fresia
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marta Columbaro
- SC Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Cell Biology, IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Bruno
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ezio Fulcheri
- Laboratory Medicine and Diagnostic Services, Division of Perinatal Pathology, Department of Translational Research, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Frassoni
- Stem Cell Laboratory and Cell Therapy Center, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147, Genoa, Italy
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24
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Skiles ML, Brown KS, Tatz W, Swingle K, Brown HL. Quantitative analysis of composite umbilical cord tissue health using a standardized explant approach and an assay of metabolic activity. Cytotherapy 2018; 20:564-575. [PMID: 29429941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Umbilical cord (UC) tissue can be collected in a noninvasive procedure and is enriched in progenitor cells with potential therapeutic value. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can be reliably harvested from fresh or cryopreserved UC tissue by explant outgrowth with no apparent impact on functionality. A number of stem cell banks offer cryopreservation of UC tissue, alongside cord blood, for future cell-based applications. In this setting, measuring and monitoring UC quality is critical. MATERIALS AND METHODS UC explants were evaluated using a plating and scoring system accounting for cell attachment and proliferation. Explant scores for fresh and cryopreserved-then-thawed tissue from the same UC were compared. Metabolic activity of composite UC tissue was also assayed after exposure of the tissue to conditions anticipated to affect UC quality and compared with explant scores within the same UC. RESULTS All fresh and cryopreserved tissues yielded MSC-like cells, and cryopreservation of the tissue did not prevent the ability to isolate MSCs by the explant method. Thawed UC tissue scores were 91% (±0.6%; P = 0.0009) that of the fresh, biologically identical tissue. Within the same UC, explant scores correlated well to both cell yield (R2 = 0.85) and tissue metabolic activity (R2 = 0.69). DISCUSSION A uniform explant scoring assay can provide information about the quality of composite UC tissue. Such quantitative measurement is useful for analysis of tissue variability and process monitoring. Additionally, a metabolic assay of UC tissue health provides results that correlate well to explant scoring results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Skiles
- Scientific and Medical Affairs, Cbr Systems, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA.
| | - Katherine S Brown
- Scientific and Medical Affairs, Cbr Systems, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - William Tatz
- Laboratory Operations, Cbr Systems, Inc., Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Kristen Swingle
- Consumer Sales and Operations, Cbr Systems, Inc., Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Heather L Brown
- Scientific and Medical Affairs, Cbr Systems, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
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25
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Platelet lysate enhances synovial fluid multipotential stromal cells functions: Implications for therapeutic use. Cytotherapy 2018; 20:375-384. [PMID: 29398623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Although intra-articular injection of platelet products is increasingly used for joint regenerative approaches, there are few data on their biological effects on joint-resident multipotential stromal cells (MSCs), which are directly exposed to the effects of these therapeutic strategies. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of platelet lysate (PL) on synovial fluid-derived MSCs (SF-MSCs), which in vivo have direct access to sites of cartilage injury. METHODS SF-MSCs were obtained during knee arthroscopic procedures (N = 7). Colony forming unit-fibroblast (CFU-F), flow-cytometric phenotyping, carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester-based immunomodulation for T-cell and trilineage differentiation assays were performed using PL and compared with standard conditions. RESULTS PL-enhanced SF-MSC (PL-MSC) proliferation as CFU-F colonies was 1.4-fold larger, and growing cultures had shorter population-doubling times. PL-MSCs and fetal calf serum (FCS)-MSCs had the same immunophenotype and similar immunomodulation activities. In chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation assays, PL-MSCs produced 10% more sulfated-glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) and 45% less Ca++ compared with FCS-MSCs, respectively. Replacing chondrogenic medium transforming growth factor-β3 with 20% or 50% PL further increased sGAG production of PL-MSCs by 69% and 95%, respectively, compared with complete chondrogenic medium. Also, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium high glucose (HG-DMEM) plus 50% PL induced more chondrogenesis compared with HG-DMEM plus 10% FCS and was comparable to complete chondrogenic medium. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to assess SF-MSC responses to PL and provides biological support to the hypothesis that PL may be capable of modulating multiple functional aspects of joint resident MSCs with direct access to injured cartilage.
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26
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Golay J, Pedrini O, Capelli C, Gotti E, Borleri G, Magri M, Vailati F, Passera M, Farina C, Rambaldi A, Introna M. Utility of routine evaluation of sterility of cellular therapy products with or without extensive manipulation: Best practices and clinical significance. Cytotherapy 2018; 20:262-270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Amati E, Perbellini O, Rotta G, Bernardi M, Chieregato K, Sella S, Rodeghiero F, Ruggeri M, Astori G. High-throughput immunophenotypic characterization of bone marrow- and cord blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells reveals common and differentially expressed markers: identification of angiotensin-converting enzyme (CD143) as a marker differentially expressed between adult and perinatal tissue sources. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:10. [PMID: 29338788 PMCID: PMC5771027 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0755-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are a heterogeneous population of multipotent progenitors used in the clinic because of their immunomodulatory properties and their ability to differentiate into multiple mesodermal lineages. Although bone marrow (BM) remains the most common MSC source, cord blood (CB) can be collected noninvasively and without major ethical concerns. Comparative studies comprehensively characterizing the MSC phenotype across several tissue sources are still lacking. This study provides a 246-antigen immunophenotypic analysis of BM- and CB-derived MSC aimed at identifying common and strongly expressed MSC markers as well as the existence of discriminating markers between the two sources. METHODS BM-MSC (n = 4) were expanded and analyzed as bulk (n = 6) or single clones isolated from the bulk culture (n = 3). CB-MSC (n = 6) were isolated and expanded as single clones in 5/6 samples. The BM-MSC and CB-MSC phenotype was investigated by flow cytometry using a panel of 246 monoclonal antibodies. To define the markers common to both sources, those showing the smallest variation between samples (coefficient of variation of log2 fold increase ≤ 0.5, n = 59) were selected for unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis (HCL). Differentially expressed markers were identified by directly comparing the expression of all 246 antigens between BM-MSC and CB-MSC. RESULTS Based on HCL, 18 markers clustered as strongly expressed in BM-MSC and CB-MSC, including alpha-smooth muscle antigen (SMA), beta-2-microglobulin, CD105, CD13, CD140b, CD147, CD151, CD276, CD29, CD44, CD47, CD59, CD73, CD81, CD90, CD98, HLA-ABC, and vimentin. All except CD140b and alpha-SMA were suitable for the specific identification of ex-vivo expanded MSC. Notably, only angiotensin-converting enzyme (CD143) was exclusively expressed on BM-MSC. CD143 expression was tested on 10 additional BM-MSC and CB-MSC and on 10 umbilical cord- and adipose tissue-derived MSC samples, confirming that its expression is restricted to adult sources. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study that has comprehensively compared the phenotype of BM-MSC and CB-MSC. We have identified markers that could complement the minimal panel proposed for the in-vitro MSC definition, being shared and strongly expressed by BM- and CB-derived MSC. We have also identified CD143 as a marker exclusively expressed on MSC derived from adult tissue sources. Further studies will elucidate the biological role of CD143 and its potential association with tissue-specific MSC features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Amati
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Hematology Unit, S. Bortolo Hospital, ULSS 8 Berica, Contra' San Francesco 41, 36100, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Omar Perbellini
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Hematology Unit, S. Bortolo Hospital, ULSS 8 Berica, Contra' San Francesco 41, 36100, Vicenza, Italy
| | | | - Martina Bernardi
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Hematology Unit, S. Bortolo Hospital, ULSS 8 Berica, Contra' San Francesco 41, 36100, Vicenza, Italy.,Hematology Project Foundation, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Katia Chieregato
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Hematology Unit, S. Bortolo Hospital, ULSS 8 Berica, Contra' San Francesco 41, 36100, Vicenza, Italy.,Hematology Project Foundation, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Sabrina Sella
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Hematology Unit, S. Bortolo Hospital, ULSS 8 Berica, Contra' San Francesco 41, 36100, Vicenza, Italy
| | | | - Marco Ruggeri
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Hematology Unit, S. Bortolo Hospital, ULSS 8 Berica, Contra' San Francesco 41, 36100, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Astori
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Hematology Unit, S. Bortolo Hospital, ULSS 8 Berica, Contra' San Francesco 41, 36100, Vicenza, Italy.
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28
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McIntyre JA, Jones IA, Danilkovich A, Vangsness CT. The Placenta: Applications in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine. Am J Sports Med 2018; 46:234-247. [PMID: 28375638 DOI: 10.1177/0363546517697682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Placenta has a long history of use for treating burns and wounds. It is a rich source of collagen and other extracellular matrix proteins, tissue reparative growth factors, and stem cells, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Recent data show its therapeutic potential for orthopaedic sports medicine indications. PURPOSE To provide orthopaedic surgeons with an anatomic description of the placenta, to characterize its cellular composition, and to review the literature reporting the use of placenta-derived cells and placental tissue allografts for orthopaedic sports medicine indications in animal models and in humans. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review. METHODS Using a total of 63 keyword combinations, the PubMed and MEDLINE databases were searched for published articles describing the use of placental cells and/or tissue for orthopaedic sports medicine indications. Information was collected on placental tissue type, indications, animal model, study design, treatment regimen, safety, and efficacy outcomes. Results were categorized by indication and subcategorized by animal model. RESULTS Outcomes for 29 animal studies and 6 human studies reporting the use of placenta-derived therapeutics were generally positive; however, the placental tissue source, clinical indication, and administration route were highly variable across these studies. Fourteen animal studies described the use of placental tissue for tendon injuries, 13 studies for osteoarthritis or articular cartilage injuries, 3 for ligament injuries, and 1 for synovitis. Both placenta-derived culture-expanded cells (epithelial cells or MSCs) and placental tissue allografts were used in animal studies. In all human studies, commercial placental allografts were used. Five of 6 human studies examined the treatment of foot and ankle pathological conditions, and 1 studied the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. CONCLUSION A review of the small number of reported studies revealed a high degree of variability in placental cell types, placental tissue preparation, routes of administration, and treatment regimens, which prohibits making any definitive conclusions. Currently, the clinical use of placenta is limited to only commercial placental tissue allografts, as there are no placenta-derived biological drugs approved for the treatment of orthopaedic sports medicine conditions in the United States. However, this review shows that the application of placental cells or tissue allografts appears to be safe and has potential to improve outcomes for orthopaedic sports medicine indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Alexander McIntyre
- School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Ian A Jones
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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29
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Chisini LA, Conde MCM, Grazioli G, Martin ASS, Carvalho RVD, Nör JE, Demarco FF. Venous Blood Derivatives as FBS-Substitutes for Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Systematic Scoping Review. Braz Dent J 2017; 28:657-668. [PMID: 29211118 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201701646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the biological properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are well-characterized in vitro, MSC clinical application is still far away to be achieved, mainly due to the need of xenogeneic substances for cell expansion, such as fetal bovine serum (FBS). FBS presents risks regarding pathogens transmissions and internalization of animal's proteins, which can unleash antigenic responses in patients after MSC implantation. A wide range of venous blood derivatives (VBD) has been reported as FBS substitutes showing promising results. Thus, the aim of this study was to conduct a systematic scoping review to analyze whether VBD are effective FBS substitutes for MSC ex vivo expansion. The search was performed in SciVerse ScopusTM, PubMed, Web of ScienceTM, BIREME, Cochrane library up to January 2016. The keywords were selected using MeSH and entry terms. Two independent reviewers scrutinized the records obtained considering specific inclusion criteria. The included studies were evaluated in accordance with a modified Arksey and O' Malley's framework. From 184 found studies, 90 were included. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSC) were presented in most of these studies. Overall, VBD allowed for either, maintenance of MCS's fibroblast-like morphology, high proliferation, high colony-formation ability and maintenance of multipotency. Besides. MSC expanded in VBD supplements presented higher mitogen activity than FBS. VBD seems to be excellent xeno-free serum for ex vivo expansion of mesenchymal stem cells. However, an accentuated heterogeneity was observed between the carried out protocols for VBD isolation did not allowing for direct comparisons between the included studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz A Chisini
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, UFPel - Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcus C M Conde
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, UNIVATES - Universidade do Vale do Taquari, Lajeado, Brazil
| | | | - Alissa S San Martin
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, UFPel - Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Jacques E Nör
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Flávio F Demarco
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, UFPel - Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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30
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Bruschi M, Santucci L, Ravera S, Bartolucci M, Petretto A, Calzia D, Ghiggeri GM, Ramenghi LA, Candiano G, Panfoli I. Metabolic Signature of Microvesicles from Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells of Preterm and Term Infants. Proteomics Clin Appl 2017; 12:e1700082. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201700082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Bruschi
- Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology Istituto Giannina Gaslini; Genoa Italy
| | - Laura Santucci
- Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology Istituto Giannina Gaslini; Genoa Italy
| | - Silvia Ravera
- Dipartimento di Farmacia; Laboratorio di Biochimica; Università di Genova; Genoa Italy
| | - Martina Bartolucci
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry - Core Facilities; Istituto Giannina Gaslini; Genova Italy
| | - Andrea Petretto
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry - Core Facilities; Istituto Giannina Gaslini; Genova Italy
| | - Daniela Calzia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia; Laboratorio di Biochimica; Università di Genova; Genoa Italy
| | | | - Luca A. Ramenghi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit; Istituto Giannina Gaslini; Genoa Italy
| | - Giovanni Candiano
- Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology Istituto Giannina Gaslini; Genoa Italy
| | - Isabella Panfoli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia; Laboratorio di Biochimica; Università di Genova; Genoa Italy
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31
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Hassan G, Kasem I, Soukkarieh C, Aljamali M. A Simple Method to Isolate and Expand Human Umbilical Cord Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Using Explant Method and Umbilical Cord Blood Serum. Int J Stem Cells 2017; 10:184-192. [PMID: 28844128 PMCID: PMC5741200 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc17028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that can be isolated from umbilical cords and are therapeutically used because of their ability to differentiate into various types of cells, in addition to their immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties. Fetal bovine serum (FBS), considered as the standard additive when isolating and culturing MSCs, has a major limitation related to its animal origin. Here, we employed a simple and economically efficient protocol to isolate MSCs from human umbilical cord tissues without using digestive enzymes and replacing FBS with umbilical cord blood serum (CBS). Methods and Results MSCs were isolated by culturing umbilical cord pieces in CBS or FBS supplemented media. Expansion and proliferation kinetics of cells isolated by explant method in the presence of either FBS or CBS were measured, with morphology and multi-differentiation potential of expanded cells characterized by flow cytometry, RT-PCR, and immunofluorescence. MSCs maintained morphology, immunophenotyping, multi-differentiation potential, and self-renewal ability, with better proliferation rates for cells cultured in CBS compared to FBS supplement media. Conclusions We here present a simple, reliable and efficient method to isolate MSCs from umbilical cord tissues, where cells maintained proliferation, differentiation potential and immunophenotyping properties and could be efficiently expanded for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghmkin Hassan
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Issam Kasem
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.,National Commission for Biotechnology (NCBT), Damascus, Syria
| | - Chadi Soukkarieh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.,National Commission for Biotechnology (NCBT), Damascus, Syria
| | - Majd Aljamali
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.,National Commission for Biotechnology (NCBT), Damascus, Syria
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32
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Muraglia A, Nguyen VT, Nardini M, Mogni M, Coviello D, Dozin B, Strada P, Baldelli I, Formica M, Cancedda R, Mastrogiacomo M. Culture Medium Supplements Derived from Human Platelet and Plasma: Cell Commitment and Proliferation Support. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2017; 5:66. [PMID: 29209609 PMCID: PMC5702080 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2017.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Present cell culture medium supplements, in most cases based on animal sera, are not fully satisfactory especially for the in vitro expansion of cells intended for human cell therapy. This paper refers to (i) an heparin-free human platelet lysate (PL) devoid of serum or plasma components (v-PL) and (ii) an heparin-free human serum derived from plasma devoid of PL components (Pl-s) and to their use as single components or in combination in primary or cell line cultures. Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) primary cultures were obtained from adipose tissue, bone marrow, and umbilical cord. Human chondrocytes were obtained from articular cartilage biopsies. In general, MSC expanded in the presence of Pl-s alone showed a low or no proliferation in comparison to cells grown with the combination of Pl-s and v-PL. Confluent, growth-arrested cells, either human MSC or human articular chondrocytes, treated with v-PL resumed proliferation, whereas control cultures, not supplemented with v-PL, remained quiescent and did not proliferate. Interestingly, signal transduction pathways distinctive of proliferation were activated also in cells treated with v-PL in the absence of serum, when cell proliferation did not occur, indicating that v-PL could induce the cell re-entry in the cell cycle (cell commitment), but the presence of serum proteins was an absolute requirement for cell proliferation to happen. Indeed, Pl-s alone supported cell growth in constitutively activated cell lines (U-937, HeLa, HaCaT, and V-79) regardless of the co-presence of v-PL. Plasma- and plasma-derived serum were equally able to sustain cell proliferation although, for cells cultured in adhesion, the Pl-s was more efficient than the plasma from which it was derived. In conclusion, the cells expanded in the presence of the new additives maintained their differentiation potential and did not show alterations in their karyotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Van Thi Nguyen
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marta Nardini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Massimo Mogni
- Human Genetics Laboratory, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Beatrice Dozin
- Clinical Epidemiology, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paolo Strada
- Transfusion Center, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Baldelli
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Formica
- Orthopedic, Traumatology and Vertebral Surgery, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ranieri Cancedda
- Biorigen Srl, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Sironi F, Vallarola A, Violatto MB, Talamini L, Freschi M, De Gioia R, Capelli C, Agostini A, Moscatelli D, Tortarolo M, Bigini P, Introna M, Bendotti C. Multiple intracerebroventricular injections of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells delay motor neurons loss but not disease progression of SOD1G93A mice. Stem Cell Res 2017; 25:166-178. [PMID: 29154076 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy is considered a promising approach in the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) seem to be the most effective in ALS animal models. The umbilical cord (UC) is a source of highly proliferating fetal MSCs, more easily collectable than other MSCs. Recently we demonstrated that human (h) UC-MSCs, double labeled with fluorescent nanoparticles and Hoechst-33258 and transplanted intracerebroventricularly (ICV) into SOD1G93A transgenic mice, partially migrated into the spinal cord after a single injection. This prompted us to assess the effect of repeated ICV injections of hUC-MSCs on disease progression in SOD1G93A mice. Although no transplanted cells migrated to the spinal cord, a partial but significant protection of motor neurons (MNs) was found in the lumbar spinal cord of hUC-MSCs-treated SOD1G93A mice, accompanied by a shift from a pro-inflammatory (IL-6, IL-1β) to anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-10) and neuroprotective (IGF-1) environment in the lumbar spinal cord, probably linked to the activation of p-Akt survival pathway in both motor neurons and reactive astrocytes. However, this treatment neither prevented the muscle denervation nor delayed the disease progression of mice, emphasizing the growing evidence that protecting the motor neuron perikarya is not sufficient to delay the ALS progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Sironi
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano, Italy
| | - Antonio Vallarola
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano, Italy
| | - Martina Bruna Violatto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Talamini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano, Italy
| | - Mattia Freschi
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano, Italy
| | - Roberta De Gioia
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Capelli
- USS Center of Cellular Therapy"G. Lanzani", ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Azzurra Agostini
- Department of Chemistry, Material and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Moscatelli
- Department of Chemistry, Material and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Tortarolo
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Bigini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano, Italy
| | - Martino Introna
- USS Center of Cellular Therapy"G. Lanzani", ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Caterina Bendotti
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano, Italy.
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Strunk D, Lozano M, Marks DC, Loh YS, Gstraunthaler G, Schennach H, Rohde E, Laner-Plamberger S, Öller M, Nystedt J, Lotfi R, Rojewski M, Schrezenmeier H, Bieback K, Schäfer R, Bakchoul T, Waidmann M, Jonsdottir-Buch SM, Montazeri H, Sigurjonsson OE, Iudicone P, Fioravanti D, Pierelli L, Introna M, Capelli C, Falanga A, Takanashi M, López-Villar O, Burnouf T, Reems JA, Pierce J, Preslar AM, Schallmoser K. International Forum on GMP-grade human platelet lysate for cell propagation. Vox Sang 2017; 113:e1-e25. [PMID: 29071726 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - D C Marks
- Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Research and Development, 17 O'Riordan Street, Sydney, New South Wales, 2015, Australia
| | - Y S Loh
- Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Research and Development, 17 O'Riordan Street, Sydney, New South Wales, 2015, Australia
| | - G Gstraunthaler
- Division of Physiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Schöpfstr. 41, Innsbruck, A-6020, Austria
| | - H Schennach
- Central Institute of Blood Transfusion and Immunology, University Hospital Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, Innsbruck, A-6020, Austria
| | - E Rohde
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Lindhofstrasse 20-22, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - S Laner-Plamberger
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Lindhofstrasse 20-22, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - M Öller
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Lindhofstrasse 20-22, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - J Nystedt
- Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Advanced Cell Therapy Centre, Kivihaantie 7, FI-00310, Helsinki, Finland
| | - R Lotfi
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Service, Baden-Wuerttemberg-Hessen , University Hospital Ulm, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstr. 10, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - M Rojewski
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Service, Baden-Wuerttemberg-Hessen , University Hospital Ulm, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstr. 10, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - H Schrezenmeier
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Service, Baden-Wuerttemberg-Hessen , University Hospital Ulm, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstr. 10, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - K Bieback
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen, Heidelberg University, Friedrich-Ebert Str. 107, Mannheim, D-68167, Germany
| | - R Schäfer
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, German Red Cross Blood Donor Service Baden-Württemberg- Hessen gGmbH, Goethe-University Hospital, Sandhofstrasse 1, Frankfurt am Main, D-60528, Germany
| | - T Bakchoul
- Center for Clinical Transfusion Medicine, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 4/1, D-72076 , Tuebingen, Germany
| | - M Waidmann
- Center for Clinical Transfusion Medicine, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 4/1, D-72076 , Tuebingen, Germany
| | - S M Jonsdottir-Buch
- The Blood Bank, Landspitali University Hospital, Snorrabraut 60, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Platome Biotechnology, Alfaskeid 27, 220, Hafnarfjordur, Iceland
| | - H Montazeri
- The Blood Bank, Landspitali University Hospital, Snorrabraut 60, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Platome Biotechnology, Alfaskeid 27, 220, Hafnarfjordur, Iceland
| | - O E Sigurjonsson
- The Blood Bank, Landspitali University Hospital, Snorrabraut 60, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Platome Biotechnology, Alfaskeid 27, 220, Hafnarfjordur, Iceland.,School of Science and Engineering, University of Reykjavik, Menntavegur 1, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - P Iudicone
- San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, Circonvallazione Gianicolense 87, Rome, 00152, Italy
| | - D Fioravanti
- San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, Circonvallazione Gianicolense 87, Rome, 00152, Italy
| | - L Pierelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - M Introna
- QP USS Centro di Terapia Cellulare 'G. Lanzani', USC Ematologia, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Via Garibaldi 11/13, Bergamo, 24124, Italy
| | - C Capelli
- USS Centro di Terapia Cellulare 'G. Lanzani', USC Ematologia, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Via Garibaldi 11/13, Bergamo, 24124, Italy
| | - A Falanga
- Division of Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Piazza OMS 1, Bergamo, 24127, Italy
| | - M Takanashi
- Japanese Red Cross Blood Service Headquarters, 1-2-1 Shiba-koen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0011, Japan
| | - O López-Villar
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Salamanca, P/San Vicente 58-182, Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | - T Burnouf
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Shin Street, Taipei, 101, Taiwan
| | - J A Reems
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Department of Medicine, University of Utah Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, 675 Arapeen, Suite 300, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84108, USA
| | - J Pierce
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Department of Medicine, University of Utah Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, 675 Arapeen, Suite 300, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84108, USA
| | - A M Preslar
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Department of Medicine, University of Utah Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, 675 Arapeen, Suite 300, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84108, USA
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Perico L, Morigi M, Rota C, Breno M, Mele C, Noris M, Introna M, Capelli C, Longaretti L, Rottoli D, Conti S, Corna D, Remuzzi G, Benigni A. Human mesenchymal stromal cells transplanted into mice stimulate renal tubular cells and enhance mitochondrial function. Nat Commun 2017; 8:983. [PMID: 29042548 PMCID: PMC5754365 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00937-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are renoprotective and drive regeneration following injury, although cellular targets of such an effect are still ill-defined. Here, we show that human umbilical cord (UC)-MSCs transplanted into mice stimulate tubular cells to regain mitochondrial mass and function, associated with enhanced microtubule-rich projections that appear to mediate mitochondrial trafficking to create a reparative dialogue among adjacent tubular cells. Treatment with UC-MSCs in mice with cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) regulates mitochondrial biogenesis in proximal tubuli by enhancing PGC1α expression, NAD+ biosynthesis and Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) activity, thus fostering antioxidant defenses and ATP production. The functional role of SIRT3 in tubular recovery is highlighted by data that in SIRT3-deficient mice with AKI, UC-MSC treatment fails to induce renoprotection. These data document a previously unrecognized mechanism through which UC-MSCs facilitate renal repair, so as to induce global metabolic reprogramming of damaged tubular cells to sustain energy supply. Mesenchymal stromal cells drive renal regeneration following injury. Here, the authors show that human mesenchymal stromal cells, when transplanted into mice with acute kidney injury, stimulate renal tubular cell growth and enhance mitochondrial function via SIRT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Perico
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, 24126, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Marina Morigi
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, 24126, Bergamo, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Rota
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, 24126, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Matteo Breno
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, 24126, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Caterina Mele
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, 24126, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Marina Noris
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, 24126, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Martino Introna
- Laboratory of Cell Therapy "G. Lanzani", Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Chiara Capelli
- Laboratory of Cell Therapy "G. Lanzani", Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Lorena Longaretti
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, 24126, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Daniela Rottoli
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, 24126, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Sara Conti
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, 24126, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Daniela Corna
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, 24126, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Remuzzi
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, 24126, Bergamo, Italy.,Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127, Bergamo, Italy.,University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Ariela Benigni
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, 24126, Bergamo, Italy
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Zhang X, Li J, Ye P, Gao G, Hubbell K, Cui X. Coculture of mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial cells enhances host tissue integration and epidermis maturation through AKT activation in gelatin methacryloyl hydrogel-based skin model. Acta Biomater 2017; 59:317-326. [PMID: 28684336 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A major challenge for clinical use of skin substitutes is insufficient host tissue integration leading to loosening and partial necrosis of the implant. In this present study, a three-dimensional (3D) coculture system constructed using human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (uc-MSCs) and umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) encapsulated in gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels was evaluated to determine the outcomes of cell-cell interactions in vitro and in vivo. The results revealed that GelMA hydrogels displayed minor cytotoxicity on both cell types. An uc-MSC:HUVEC ratio of 50:50 demonstrated the highest cell proliferation and expression of angiogenic markers. The supplement of basic fibroblast growth factors (bFGF) in coculture system further induced cell proliferation and gene expression in vitro. In vivo transplantation of this cocultured constructs efficiently enhanced the implant and host tissue integration. Additionally, the proliferation of keratinocytes was well maintained on GelMA hydrogels and the gene expression related to cell proliferation and differentiation was significantly increased in coculture system comparing to monoculture. Mechanistically, AKT signaling pathways were activated in cocultures. Our findings suggest that coculturing MSC and EC in GelMA hydrogels could be a promising approach to substantially improve the integration of exogenous skin substitutes and host tissues. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE In this study, the co-culture of uc-MSCs and HUVECs in photocrosslinkable GelMA hydrogels significantly enhanced host tissue integration. Cell proliferation, ECM deposition and angiogenic genes expression were all substantially improved in vitro and the excellent host tissue integration into the implanted tissue was observed in vivo. When served as a dermal layer, the scaffold with co-cultured cells enhanced the proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes. AKT signaling was proved to be involved in the regulation of cell survival and fate determination. This work demonstrated the importance of 3D cell co-culture to facilitate host tissue integration that can be a promising approach for long-term survival of skin substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Pengxiang Ye
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guifang Gao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; Stemorgan Incorporated, Allen, TX, USA.
| | | | - Xiaofeng Cui
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; Stemorgan Incorporated, Allen, TX, USA.
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Shirzad N, Bordbar S, Goodarzi A, Mohammad M, Khosravani P, Sayahpour F, Baghaban Eslaminejad M, Ebrahimi M. Umbilical Cord Blood Platelet Lysate as Serum Substitute in Expansion of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. CELL JOURNAL 2017; 19:403-414. [PMID: 28836402 PMCID: PMC5570405 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2017.4886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Objective The diverse clinical applications for human mesenchymal stem cells (hM-
SCs) in cellular therapy and regenerative medicine warrant increased focus on developing adequate culture supplements devoid of animal-derived products. In the
present study, we have investigated the feasibility of umbilical cord blood-platelet
lysate (UCB-PL) as a standard substitute for fetal bovine serum (FBS) and human
peripheral blood-PL (PB-PL).
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, platelet concentrates (PC) from UCB
and human PB donors were frozen, melted, and sterilized to obtain PL. Quality control
included platelet cell counts, sterility testing (viral and microbial), total protein concentrations, growth factor levels, and PL stability. The effects of UCB-PL and PB-PL on hMSCs
proliferation and differentiation into osteocytes, chondrocytes, and adipocytes were studied and the results compared with FBS.
Results UCB-PL contained high levels of protein content, platelet-derived growth factor-AB (PDGF-AB), and transforming growth factor (TGF) compared to PB-PL. All growth
factors were stable for at least nine months post-storage at -70˚C. hMSCs proliferation
enhanced following treatment with UCB-PL. With all three supplements, hMSCs could
differentiate into all three lineages.
Conclusion PB-PL and UCB-PL both were potent in hMSCs proliferation. However, PB
promoted osteoblastic differentiation and UCB-PL induced chondrogenic differentiation.
Because of availability, ease of use and feasible standardization of UCB-PL, we have suggested that UCB-PL be used as an alternative to FBS and PB-PL for the cultivation and
expansion of hMSCs in cellular therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Shirzad
- Department of Regenerative Biomedicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Bordbar
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Goodarzi
- Department of Regenerative Biomedicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Monire Mohammad
- Department of Regenerative Biomedicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pardis Khosravani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Froughazam Sayahpour
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Marzieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Regenerative Biomedicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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Batsali AK, Pontikoglou C, Koutroulakis D, Pavlaki KI, Damianaki A, Mavroudi I, Alpantaki K, Kouvidi E, Kontakis G, Papadaki HA. Differential expression of cell cycle and WNT pathway-related genes accounts for differences in the growth and differentiation potential of Wharton's jelly and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:102. [PMID: 28446235 PMCID: PMC5406919 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0555-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In view of the current interest in exploring the clinical use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from different sources, we performed a side-by-side comparison of the biological properties of MSCs isolated from the Wharton’s jelly (WJ), the most abundant MSC source in umbilical cord, with bone marrow (BM)-MSCs, the most extensively studied MSC population. Methods MSCs were isolated and expanded from BM aspirates of hematologically healthy donors (n = 18) and from the WJ of full-term neonates (n = 18). We evaluated, in parallel experiments, the MSC immunophenotypic, survival and senescence characteristics as well as their proliferative potential and cell cycle distribution. We also assessed the expression of genes associated with the WNT- and cell cycle-signaling pathway and we performed karyotypic analysis through passages to evaluate the MSC genomic stability. The hematopoiesis-supporting capacity of MSCs from both sources was investigated by evaluating the clonogenic cells in the non-adherent fraction of MSC co-cultures with BM or umbilical cord blood-derived CD34+ cells and by measuring the hematopoietic cytokines levels in MSC culture supernatants. Finally, we evaluated the ability of MSCs to differentiate into adipocytes and osteocytes and the effect of the WNT-associated molecules WISP-1 and sFRP4 on the differentiation potential of WJ-MSCs. Results Both ex vivo-expanded MSC populations showed similar morphologic, immunophenotypic, survival and senescence characteristics and acquired genomic alterations at low frequency during passages. WJ-MSCs exhibited higher proliferative potential, possibly due to upregulation of genes that stimulate cell proliferation along with downregulation of genes related to cell cycle inhibition. WJ-MSCs displayed inferior lineage priming and differentiation capacity toward osteocytes and adipocytes, compared to BM-MSCs. This finding was associated with differential expression of molecules related to WNT signaling, including WISP1 and sFRP4, the respective role of which in the differentiation potential of WJ-MSCs was specifically investigated. Interestingly, treatment of WJ-MSCs with recombinant human WISP1 or sFRP4 resulted in induction of osteogenesis and adipogenesis, respectively. WJ-MSCs exhibited inferior hematopoiesis-supporting potential probably due to reduced production of stromal cell-Derived Factor-1α, compared to BM-MSCs. Conclusions Overall, these data are anticipated to contribute to the better characterization of WJ-MSCs and BM-MSCs for potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristea K Batsali
- University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece.,Graduate Program "Molecular Basis of Human Disease", University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Dimitrios Koutroulakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | | | - Irene Mavroudi
- University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Alpantaki
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - George Kontakis
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece
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Amati E, Sella S, Perbellini O, Alghisi A, Bernardi M, Chieregato K, Lievore C, Peserico D, Rigno M, Zilio A, Ruggeri M, Rodeghiero F, Astori G. Generation of mesenchymal stromal cells from cord blood: evaluation of in vitro quality parameters prior to clinical use. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:14. [PMID: 28115021 PMCID: PMC5260040 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0465-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests the safety and efficacy of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) as advanced therapy medicinal products because of their immunomodulatory properties and supportive role in hematopoiesis. Although bone marrow remains the most common source for obtaining off-the-shelf MSC, cord blood (CB) represents an alternative source, which can be collected noninvasively and without major ethical concerns. However, the low estimated frequency and inconsistency of successful isolation represent open challenges for the use of CB-derived MSC in clinical trials. This study explores whether CB may represent a suitable source of MSC for clinical use and analyzes several in vitro parameters useful to better define the quality of CB-derived MSC prior to clinical application. METHODS CB units (n = 50) selected according to quality criteria (CB volume ≥ 20 ml, time from collection ≤ 24 h) were cultured using a standardized procedure for CB-MSC generation. MSC were analyzed for their growth potential and secondary colony-forming capacity. Immunophenotype and multilineage differentiation potential of culture-expanded CB-MSC were assessed to verify MSC identity. The immunomodulatory activity at resting conditions and after inflammatory priming (IFN-γ-1b and TNF-α for 48 hours) was explored to assess the in vitro potency of CB-MSC prior to clinical application. Molecular karyotyping was used to assess the genetic stability after prolonged MSC expansion. RESULTS We were able to isolate MSC colonies from 44% of the processed units. Our results do not support a role of CB volume in determining the outcome of the cultures, in terms of both isolation and proliferative capacity of CB-MSC. Particularly, we have confirmed the existence of two different CB-MSC populations named short- and long-living (SL- and LL-) CBMSC, clearly diverging in their growth capacity and secondary colony-forming efficiency. Only LL-CBMSC were able to expand consistently and to survive for longer periods in vitro, while preserving genetic stability. Therefore, they may represent interesting candidates for therapeutic applications. We have also observed that LL-CBMSC were not equally immunosuppressive, particularly after inflammatory priming and despite upregulating priming-inducible markers. CONCLUSIONS This work supports the use of CB as a potential MSC source for clinical applications, remaining more readily available compared to conventional sources. We have provided evidence that not all LL-CBMSC are equally immunosuppressive in an inflammatory environment, suggesting the need to include the assessment of potency among the release criteria for each CB-MSC batch intended for clinical use, at least for the treatment of immune disorders as GvHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Amati
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory - Hematology Unit, S. Bortolo Hospital - ULSS 6, Contra' San Francesco 41, 36100, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Sabrina Sella
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory - Hematology Unit, S. Bortolo Hospital - ULSS 6, Contra' San Francesco 41, 36100, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Omar Perbellini
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory - Hematology Unit, S. Bortolo Hospital - ULSS 6, Contra' San Francesco 41, 36100, Vicenza, Italy
| | | | - Martina Bernardi
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory - Hematology Unit, S. Bortolo Hospital - ULSS 6, Contra' San Francesco 41, 36100, Vicenza, Italy.,Hematology Project Foundation, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Katia Chieregato
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory - Hematology Unit, S. Bortolo Hospital - ULSS 6, Contra' San Francesco 41, 36100, Vicenza, Italy.,Hematology Project Foundation, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Chiara Lievore
- Transfusion Medicine, S. Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Denise Peserico
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory - Hematology Unit, S. Bortolo Hospital - ULSS 6, Contra' San Francesco 41, 36100, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Manuela Rigno
- Transfusion Medicine, S. Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Anna Zilio
- Genetics and Molecular Biology, Transfusion Medicine, S. Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Marco Ruggeri
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory - Hematology Unit, S. Bortolo Hospital - ULSS 6, Contra' San Francesco 41, 36100, Vicenza, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Astori
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory - Hematology Unit, S. Bortolo Hospital - ULSS 6, Contra' San Francesco 41, 36100, Vicenza, Italy.
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Milan PB, Lotfibakhshaiesh N, Joghataie M, Ai J, Pazouki A, Kaplan D, Kargozar S, Amini N, Hamblin M, Mozafari M, Samadikuchaksaraei A. Accelerated wound healing in a diabetic rat model using decellularized dermal matrix and human umbilical cord perivascular cells. Acta Biomater 2016; 45:234-246. [PMID: 27591919 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is an unmet clinical need for novel wound healing strategies to treat full thickness skin defects, especially in diabetic patients. We hypothesized that a scaffold could perform dual roles of a biomechanical support and a favorable biochemical environment for stem cells. Human umbilical cord perivascular cells (HUCPVCs) have been recently reported as a type of mesenchymal stem cell that can accelerate early wound healing in skin defects. However, there are only a limited number of studies that have incorporated these cells into natural scaffolds for dermal tissue engineering. The aim of the present study was to promote angiogenesis and accelerate wound healing by using HUCPVCs and decellularized dermal matrix (DDM) in a rat model of diabetic wounds. The DDM scaffolds were prepared from harvested human skin samples and histological, ultrastructural, molecular and mechanical assessments were carried out. In comparison with the control (without any treatment) and DDM alone group, full thickness excisional wounds treated with HUCPVCs-loaded DDM scaffolds demonstrated an accelerated wound closure rate, faster re-epithelization, more granulation tissue formation and decreased collagen deposition. Furthermore, immunofluorescence analysis showed that the VEGFR-2 expression and vascular density in the HUCPVCs-loaded DDM scaffold treated group were also significantly higher than the other groups at 7days post implantation. Since the rates of angiogenesis, re-epithelization and formation of granulation tissue are directly correlated with full thickness wound healing in patients, the proposed HUCPVCs-loaded DDM scaffolds may fulfil a role neglected by current treatment strategies. This pre-clinical proof-of-concept study warrants further clinical evaluation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The aim of the present study was to design a novel tissue-engineered system to promote angiogenesis, re-epithelization and granulation of skin tissue using human umbilical cord perivascular stem cells and decellularized dermal matrix natural scaffolds in rat diabetic wound models. The authors of this research article have been working on stem cells and tissue engineering scaffolds for years. According to our knowledge, there is a lack of an efficient system for the treatment of skin defects using tissue engineering strategy. Since the rates of angiogenesis, re-epithelization and granulation tissue are directly correlated with full thickness wound healing, the proposed HUCPVCs-loaded DDM scaffolds perfectly fills the niche neglected by current treatment strategies. This pre-clinical study demonstrates the proof-of-concept that necessitates clinical evaluations.
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Torkaman M, Ghollasi M, Mohammadnia-Afrouzi M, Salimi A, Amari A. The effect of transplanted human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells treated with IFN-γ on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice. Cell Immunol 2016; 311:1-12. [PMID: 27697286 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) increases the immunosuppressive property of human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (hWJ-MSCs). In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of IFN-γ primed WJ-MSCs in EAE mice. IFN-γ primed WJ-MSCs were injected on days 3 and 11 after EAE induction. 21 days after EAE induction, splenocytes and cervical lymph node cells were isolated and cell proliferation, secretion of inflammatory cytokines and frequency of regulatory T-cells was measured. On day 50 of the study, cell infiltration and gene expression of inflammatory cytokines in brain of mice were studied. Leukocyte infiltration and symptoms were significantly reduced in IFN-γ primed WJ-MSCs treated group compared to other groups. These cells showed significantly reduced proliferation and increased Treg cells as well as decreased secretion and gene expression of inflammatory cytokines in EAE mice. Our data suggest that IFN-γ may be used to stimulate the immunomodulatory property of WJ-MSCs in clinical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Torkaman
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Marzieh Ghollasi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Ali Salimi
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Afshin Amari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Astori G, Amati E, Bambi F, Bernardi M, Chieregato K, Schäfer R, Sella S, Rodeghiero F. Platelet lysate as a substitute for animal serum for the ex-vivo expansion of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells: present and future. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:93. [PMID: 27411942 PMCID: PMC4944312 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0352-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of fetal bovine serum (FBS) as a cell culture supplement is discouraged by regulatory authorities to limit the risk of zoonoses and xenogeneic immune reactions in the transplanted host. Additionally, FBS production came under scrutiny due to animal welfare concerns. Platelet derivatives have been proposed as FBS substitutes for the ex-vivo expansion of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) since platelet-derived growth factors can promote MSC ex-vivo expansion. Platelet-derived growth factors are present in platelet lysate (PL) obtained after repeated freezing–thawing cycles of the platelet-rich plasma or by applying physiological stimuli such as thrombin or CaCl2. PL-expanded MSCs have been used already in the clinic, taking advantage of their faster proliferation compared with FBS-expanded preparations. Should PL be applied to other biopharmaceutical products, its demand is likely to increase dramatically. The use of fresh platelet units for the production of PL raises concerns due to limited availability of platelet donors. Expired units might represent an alternative, but further data are needed to define safety, including pathogen reduction, and functionality of the obtained PL. In addition, relevant questions concerning the definition of PL release criteria, including concentration ranges of specific growth factors in PL batches for various clinical indications, also need to be addressed. We are still far from a common definition of PL and standardized PL manufacture due to our limited knowledge of the mechanisms that mediate PL-promoting cell growth. Here, we concisely discuss aspects of PL as MSC culture supplement as a preliminary step towards an agreed definition of the required characteristics of PL for the requirements of manufacturers and users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Astori
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cellular Therapy and Hematology, San Bortolo Hospital, Via Rodolfi 37, 36100, Vicenza, Italy.
| | - Eliana Amati
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cellular Therapy and Hematology, San Bortolo Hospital, Via Rodolfi 37, 36100, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Franco Bambi
- Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, "A. Meyer" University Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Martina Bernardi
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cellular Therapy and Hematology, San Bortolo Hospital, Via Rodolfi 37, 36100, Vicenza, Italy.,Hematology Project Foundation, Contrà S. Francesco 41, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Katia Chieregato
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cellular Therapy and Hematology, San Bortolo Hospital, Via Rodolfi 37, 36100, Vicenza, Italy.,Hematology Project Foundation, Contrà S. Francesco 41, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Richard Schäfer
- Department of Cell Therapeutics & Cell Processing, Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohaematology, German Red Cross Blood Donor Service, Baden-Württemberg-Hessen gGmbH, Goethe-University Hospital, Sandhofstrasse 1, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sabrina Sella
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cellular Therapy and Hematology, San Bortolo Hospital, Via Rodolfi 37, 36100, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Francesco Rodeghiero
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cellular Therapy and Hematology, San Bortolo Hospital, Via Rodolfi 37, 36100, Vicenza, Italy.,Hematology Project Foundation, Contrà S. Francesco 41, Vicenza, Italy
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Muraglia A, Todeschi MR, Papait A, Poggi A, Spanò R, Strada P, Cancedda R, Mastrogiacomo M. Combined platelet and plasma derivatives enhance proliferation of stem/progenitor cells maintaining their differentiation potential. Cytotherapy 2016; 17:1793-806. [PMID: 26589754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Platelet derivatives have been proposed as alternatives to animal sera given that for cell therapy applications, the use of fetal bovine/calf serum (FBS/FCS) is subjected to severe limitations for safety and ethical concerns. We developed a cell culture medium additive obtained by the combination of two blood-derived standardized components. METHODS A platelet lysate (PL) and a platelet-poor plasma (PPP) were produced in a lyophilized form. Each component was characterized for its growth factor content (platelet-derived growth factor-BB/vascular endothelial growth factor). PL and PPP were used as single components or in combination in different ratio at cumulative 5% final concentration in the culture medium. RESULTS The single components were less effective than the component combination. In primary cell cultures (bone marrow stromal cells, adipose derived adult stem cells, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells, lymphocytes), the PL/PPP supplement promoted an increased cell proliferation in respect to the standard FCS culture in a dose-dependent manner, maintaining the cell functionality, clonogenicity, phenotype and differentiative properties throughout the culture. At a different component ratio, the supplement was also used to support proliferation of a cell line (U-937). CONCLUSIONS The PL/PPP supplement is an efficient cell culture medium additive that can replace FCS to promote cell proliferation. It can outdo FCS, especially when adopted in primary cultures from tissue biopsies. Moreover, the dual component nature of the supplement allows the researcher to determine the more appropriate ratio of the two components for the nutritional and functional requirements of the cell type of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrea Papait
- DIMES, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Poggi
- IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
| | - Raffaele Spanò
- DIMES, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paolo Strada
- IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ranieri Cancedda
- DIMES, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maddalena Mastrogiacomo
- DIMES, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy.
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Liu S, Zhou J, Zhang X, Liu Y, Chen J, Hu B, Song J, Zhang Y. Strategies to Optimize Adult Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060982. [PMID: 27338364 PMCID: PMC4926512 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy aims to replace damaged or aged cells with healthy functioning cells in congenital defects, tissue injuries, autoimmune disorders, and neurogenic degenerative diseases. Among various types of stem cells, adult stem cells (i.e., tissue-specific stem cells) commit to becoming the functional cells from their tissue of origin. These cells are the most commonly used in cell-based therapy since they do not confer risk of teratomas, do not require fetal stem cell maneuvers and thus are free of ethical concerns, and they confer low immunogenicity (even if allogenous). The goal of this review is to summarize the current state of the art and advances in using stem cell therapy for tissue repair in solid organs. Here we address key factors in cell preparation, such as the source of adult stem cells, optimal cell types for implantation (universal mesenchymal stem cells vs. tissue-specific stem cells, or induced vs. non-induced stem cells), early or late passages of stem cells, stem cells with endogenous or exogenous growth factors, preconditioning of stem cells (hypoxia, growth factors, or conditioned medium), using various controlled release systems to deliver growth factors with hydrogels or microspheres to provide apposite interactions of stem cells and their niche. We also review several approaches of cell delivery that affect the outcomes of cell therapy, including the appropriate routes of cell administration (systemic, intravenous, or intraperitoneal vs. local administration), timing for cell therapy (immediate vs. a few days after injury), single injection of a large number of cells vs. multiple smaller injections, a single site for injection vs. multiple sites and use of rodents vs. larger animal models. Future directions of stem cell-based therapies are also discussed to guide potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China.
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China.
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - Jingli Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China.
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China.
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China.
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China.
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China.
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China.
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - Jin Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China.
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China.
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - Bo Hu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China.
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China.
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - Jinlin Song
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China.
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China.
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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Current View on Osteogenic Differentiation Potential of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Derived from Placental Tissues. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2016; 11:570-85. [PMID: 25381565 PMCID: PMC4493719 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-014-9569-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) isolated from human term placental tissues possess unique characteristics, including their peculiar immunomodulatory properties and their multilineage differentiation potential. The osteogenic differentiation capacity of placental MSC has been widely disputed, and continues to be an issue of debate. This review will briefly discuss the different MSC populations which can be obtained from different regions of human term placenta, along with their unique properties, focusing specifically on their osteogenic differentiation potential. We will present the strategies used to enhance osteogenic differentiation potential in vitro, such as through the selection of subpopulations more prone to differentiate, the modification of the components of osteo-inductive medium, and even mechanical stimulation. Accordingly, the applications of three-dimensional environments in vitro and in vivo, such as non-synthetic, polymer-based, and ceramic scaffolds, will also be discussed, along with results obtained from pre-clinical studies of placental MSC for the regeneration of bone defects and treatment of bone-related diseases.
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Evaluation of Tissue Homogenization to Support the Generation of GMP-Compliant Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from the Umbilical Cord. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:3274054. [PMID: 27034683 PMCID: PMC4806688 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3274054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that the umbilical cord (UC) is an excellent source of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). However, current protocols for extracting and culturing UC-MSCs do not meet current good manufacturing practice (cGMP) standards, in part due to the use of xenogeneic reagents. To support the development of a cGMP-compliant method, we have examined an enzyme-free isolation method utilizing tissue homogenization (t-H) followed by culture in human platelet lysate (PL) supplemented media. The yield and viability of cells after t-H were comparable to those obtained after collagenase digestion (Col-D). Importantly, kinetic analysis of cultured cells showed logarithmic growth over 10 tested passages, although the rate of cell division was lower for t-H as compared to Col-D. This slower growth of t-H-derived cells was also reflected in their longer population doubling time. Interestingly, there was no difference in the expression of mesenchymal markers and trilineage differentiation potential of cells generated using either method. Finally, t-H-derived cells had greater clonogenic potential compared to Col-D/FBS but not Col-D/PL and were able to maintain CFU-F capacity through P7. This bench scale study demonstrates the possibility of generating therapeutic doses of good quality UC-MSCs within a reasonable length of time using t-H and PL.
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Panfoli I, Ravera S, Podestà M, Cossu C, Santucci L, Bartolucci M, Bruschi M, Calzia D, Sabatini F, Bruschettini M, Ramenghi LA, Romantsik O, Marimpietri D, Pistoia V, Ghiggeri G, Frassoni F, Candiano G. Exosomes from human mesenchymal stem cells conduct aerobic metabolism in term and preterm newborn infants. FASEB J 2015; 30:1416-24. [PMID: 26655706 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-279679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are secreted nanovesicles that are able to transfer RNA and proteins to target cells. The emerging role of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) exosomes as promoters of aerobic ATP synthesis restoration in damaged cells, prompted us to assess whether they contain an extramitochondrial aerobic respiration capacity. Exosomes were isolated from culture medium of human MSCs from umbilical cord of ≥37-wk-old newborns or between 28- to 30-wk-old newborns (i.e.,term or preterm infants). Characterization of samples was conducted by cytofluorometry. Oxidative phosphorylation capacity was assessed by Western blot analysis, oximetry, and luminometric and fluorometric analyses. MSC exosomes express functional respiratory complexes I, IV, and V, consuming oxygen. ATP synthesis was only detectable in exosomes from term newborns, suggestive of a specific mechanism that is not completed at an early gestational age. Activities are outward facing and comparable to those detected in mitochondria isolated from term MSCs. MSC exosomes display an unsuspected aerobic respiratory ability independent of whole mitochondria. This may be relevant for their ability to rescue cell bioenergetics. The differential oxidative metabolism of pretermvs.term exosomes sheds new light on the preterm newborn's clinical vulnerability. A reduced ability to repair damaged tissue and an increased capability to cope with anoxic environment for preterm infants can be envisaged.-Panfoli, I., Ravera, S., Podestà, M., Cossu, C., Santucci, L., Bartolucci, M., Bruschi, M., Calzia, D., Sabatini, F., Bruschettini, M., Ramenghi, L. A., Romantsik, O., Marimpietri, D., Pistoia, V., Ghiggeri, G., Frassoni, F., Candiano, G. Exosomes from human mesenchymal stem cells conduct aerobic metabolism in term and preterm newborn infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Panfoli
- *Dipartimento di Farmacia, Laboratorio di Biochimica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy; and Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post-Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Uremia, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and Laboratorio Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Ravera
- *Dipartimento di Farmacia, Laboratorio di Biochimica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy; and Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post-Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Uremia, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and Laboratorio Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marina Podestà
- *Dipartimento di Farmacia, Laboratorio di Biochimica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy; and Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post-Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Uremia, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and Laboratorio Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Claudia Cossu
- *Dipartimento di Farmacia, Laboratorio di Biochimica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy; and Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post-Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Uremia, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and Laboratorio Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Laura Santucci
- *Dipartimento di Farmacia, Laboratorio di Biochimica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy; and Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post-Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Uremia, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and Laboratorio Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Martina Bartolucci
- *Dipartimento di Farmacia, Laboratorio di Biochimica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy; and Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post-Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Uremia, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and Laboratorio Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bruschi
- *Dipartimento di Farmacia, Laboratorio di Biochimica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy; and Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post-Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Uremia, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and Laboratorio Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniela Calzia
- *Dipartimento di Farmacia, Laboratorio di Biochimica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy; and Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post-Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Uremia, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and Laboratorio Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federica Sabatini
- *Dipartimento di Farmacia, Laboratorio di Biochimica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy; and Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post-Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Uremia, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and Laboratorio Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Bruschettini
- *Dipartimento di Farmacia, Laboratorio di Biochimica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy; and Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post-Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Uremia, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and Laboratorio Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Antonio Ramenghi
- *Dipartimento di Farmacia, Laboratorio di Biochimica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy; and Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post-Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Uremia, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and Laboratorio Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Olga Romantsik
- *Dipartimento di Farmacia, Laboratorio di Biochimica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy; and Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post-Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Uremia, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and Laboratorio Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Danilo Marimpietri
- *Dipartimento di Farmacia, Laboratorio di Biochimica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy; and Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post-Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Uremia, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and Laboratorio Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Vito Pistoia
- *Dipartimento di Farmacia, Laboratorio di Biochimica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy; and Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post-Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Uremia, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and Laboratorio Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Ghiggeri
- *Dipartimento di Farmacia, Laboratorio di Biochimica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy; and Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post-Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Uremia, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and Laboratorio Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Frassoni
- *Dipartimento di Farmacia, Laboratorio di Biochimica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy; and Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post-Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Uremia, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and Laboratorio Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Candiano
- *Dipartimento di Farmacia, Laboratorio di Biochimica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy; and Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post-Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Uremia, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and Laboratorio Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
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Nicolay NH, Lopez Perez R, Debus J, Huber PE. Mesenchymal stem cells – A new hope for radiotherapy-induced tissue damage? Cancer Lett 2015; 366:133-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Fong CY, Subramanian A, Biswas A, Bongso A. Freezing of Fresh Wharton's Jelly From Human Umbilical Cords Yields High Post-Thaw Mesenchymal Stem Cell Numbers for Cell-Based Therapies. J Cell Biochem 2015; 117:815-27. [PMID: 26365815 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Some cord blood banks freeze entire pieces of UC (mixed cord, MC) which after post-thaw yields mixed heterogeneous populations of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from all its microanatomical compartments. Freezing of such entire tissues results in sub-optimal post-thaw cell recovery because of poor cryoprotectant diffusion and intracellular ice-formation, heat and water transport issues, and damage to intercellular junctions. To develop a simple method of harvesting pure homogeneous MSCs for cord blood banks, we compared the post-thaw behavior of three groups of frozen UC tissues: (i) freshly harvested WJ without cell separation; (ii) MSCs isolated from WJ (WJSC); and (iii) MC, WJ, and WJSC produced high post-thaw cell survival rates (93.52 ± 6.12% to 90.83 ± 4.51%) and epithelioid monolayers within 24 h in primary culture whereas post-thaw MC explants showed slow growth with mixed epithelioid and fibroblastic cell outgrowths after several days. Viability and proliferation rates of post-thawed WJ and hWJSC were significantly greater than MC. Post-thaw WJ and WJSC produced significantly greater CD24(+) and CD108(+) fluorescence intensities and significantly lower CD40(+) contaminants. Post-thaw WJ and WJSC produced significantly lesser annexin-V-positive and sub-G1 cells and greater degrees of osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation compared to MC. qRT-PCR analysis of post-thaw MC showed significant decreases in anti-apoptotic gene expression (SURVIVIN, BCL2) and increases in pro-apoptotic (BAX) and cell cycle regulator genes (P53, P21, ROCK 1) compared to WJ and WJSC. We conclude that freezing of fresh WJ is a simple and reliable method of generating large numbers of clinically utilizable MSCs for cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chui-Yee Fong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, 119228, Singapore
| | - Arjunan Subramanian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, 119228, Singapore
| | - Arijit Biswas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, 119228, Singapore
| | - Ariff Bongso
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, 119228, Singapore
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