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Wang W, Shi X, Feng J, Le Y, Jin L, Lu D, Zhang Q, Wang C. Perinatal exposure to PBEB aggravates liver injury via macrophage-derived TWEAK in male adult offspring mice under western diet. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 479:135735. [PMID: 39241360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Liver injury and inflammation are the most commonly observed adverse outcomes following exposure to penta-brominated flame retardants (penta-BFRs). However, the role of inflammation in the development of liver injury in their alternatives has not yet been explored. Our study aimed to investigate the effects and the underlying mechanism of perinatal exposure to pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB), a penta-BDE alternative, on liver injury in adult offspring mice under both chow and western diet in later life. Results showed that perinatal exposure to PBEB at 0.2 mg/kg or above led to liver injury in male offspring upon challenge with a western diet, but not in females. Utilizing the Olink immunology panel, our study specifically revealed an upregulation of tumor necrosis factor-related weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) within the livers of male mice. This cytokine was further demonstrated to derive from the secretion by infiltrating macrophages in livers both in vivo and in vitro, which facilitated a shift towards M1 macrophage polarization. TWEAK further activated the hepatic NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome pathways, subsequently leading to hepatic pyroptosis in male mice of maternal PBEB exposure. Inhibition of TWEAK signaling mitigated macrophage polarization and inflammasome induction in a co-culture system of macrophages and liver cells. Our findings revealed that perinatal exposure to PBEB precipitated liver injury, partially through an inflammatory pathway mediated by macrophage-derived TWEAK, in male mice offspring under western diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyue Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Xiaoliu Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Jiafan Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Yifei Le
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Lingbing Jin
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Dezhao Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, China
| | - Cui Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China.
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2
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Tian L, Yang R, Li D, Wu T, Sun F. Enantioselective biomarkers of maize toxicity induced by hexabromocyclododecane based on submicroscopic structure, gene expression and molecular docking. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:119119. [PMID: 38734290 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), as a monitored chemical of the Chemical Weapons Convention, the Stockholm Convention and the Action Plan for New Pollutants Treatment in China, raises significant concerns on its impact of human health and food security. This study investigated enantiomer-specific biomarkers of HBCD in maize (Zea mays L.). Upon exposure to HBCD enantiomers, the maize root tip cell wall exhibited thinning, uneven cell gaps, and increased deposition on the cell outer wall. Elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) indicated lipid peroxidation, with higher mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) inhibition in (+)-enantiomer treatments (47.2%-57.9%) than (-)-enantiomers (14.4%-37.4%). The cell death rate significantly increased by 37.7%-108.8% in roots and 16.4%-62.4% in shoots, accompanied by the upregulation of superoxide dismutase isoforms genes. Molecular docking presenting interactions between HBCD and target proteins, suggested that HBCD has an affinity for antioxidant enzyme receptors with higher binding energy for (+)-enantiomers, further confirming their stronger toxic effects. All indicators revealed that oxidative damage to maize seedlings was more severe after treatment with (+)-enantiomers compared to (-)-enantiomers. This study elucidates the biomarkers of phytotoxicity evolution induced by HBCD enantiomers, providing valuable insights for the formulation of more effective policies to safeguard environmental safety and human health in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050022, China
| | - Ronghe Yang
- Research Center for Chemical Safety&Security and Verification Technology, School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China
| | - Die Li
- College of Environment Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Research Center for Chemical Safety&Security and Verification Technology, School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China.
| | - Fengxia Sun
- Research Center for Chemical Safety&Security and Verification Technology, School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China.
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3
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Miranda RG, Guarache GC, Leão AHFF, Pereira GJ, Dorta DJ. BDE-47-mediated cytotoxicity via autophagy blockade in 3D HepaRG spheroids cultured in alginate microcapsules. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 388:110831. [PMID: 38101597 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) are a major class of brominated flame retardants, and their widespread use has led them to be considered contaminants with emerging concern. PBDEs have been detected in the indoor air, house dust, food, and all environmental compartments. The congener BDE-47 (2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether) is the most prevalent, and hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, immunological changes, endocrine disruption, and genotoxic potential have been related to its exposure. Although the BDE-47 molecular toxicity pathway is directly related to intrinsic apoptotic cell death, the role of autophagy in BDE-47 toxicity remains unclear. In this context, three-dimensional cell culture has emerged as a good strategy for the replacement of animals in toxicological testing. Here, we used HepaRG spheroids cultured in alginate microcapsules to investigate the role of autophagy in BDE-47-mediated hepatotoxicity. We developed mature and functional HepaRG spheroids by culturing them in alginate microcapsules. Histological analysis revealed that HepaRG spheroids formed an extracellular matrix and stored glycogen. No apoptotic and/or necrotic cores were observed. BDE-47 showed concentration- and time-dependent cytotoxicity in HepaRG spheroids. In the early exposure period, BDE-47 initially disrupted mitochondrial activity and increased the formation of acid compartments that promoted the increase in autophagic activity; however, this autophagy was blocked, and long-term exposure to BDE-47 promoted efficient apoptotic cell death through autophagy blockade, as evidenced by an increased number of fragmented/condensed nuclei. Therefore, for the first time, we demonstrated BDE-47 toxicity and its cell pathway induces cell death using a three-dimensional liver cell culture, the HepaRG cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Ghiraldelli Miranda
- Univesity of São Paulo (USP), School of Phamaceutical Science of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil; Department of Life Science of the University of Coimbra, 3000, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Gabriel Cicolin Guarache
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Anderson Henrique F F Leão
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo José Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Junqueira Dorta
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Química, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil; National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactivies (INCT-DATREM), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute os Chemistry, Araraquara, SP, 14800-060, Brazil.
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4
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Robledo DAR, Prudente MS, Aguja SE, Iwata H. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies on the hepatoxicity induced by polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in rats and mice. Curr Res Toxicol 2023; 5:100131. [PMID: 37841056 PMCID: PMC10570958 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2023.100131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Several toxicological studies were conducted to evaluate the hepatoxicity of PBDEs using different animal models, congeners, duration of exposure, and other parameters. These variations in different animal models and conditions might have an impact on extrapolating experimental results to humans. Hence, by the meta-analysis, we aimed to clarify and elucidate the species differences in hepatoxicity induced by PBDE exposure in rats and mice across different conditions and moderators. Fourteen in vivo studies that utilized rats and mice models were identified, and data such as author names, year of publication, type of PBDE congeners, rodent species, life stage of exposure, dosage, duration, and hepatoxicity indicators were extracted. The pooled standard mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was used to evaluate the association between hepatoxicity and PBDE exposure across multiple approaches of measurement. Subgroup analysis, meta-regression, and interaction analysis were utilized to elucidate the species-related differences among the results of the involved studies. The pooled SMD of hepatoxicity of PBDE exposure in the involved in vivo studies was 1.82 (p = 0.016), indicating exposure to PBDE congeners and mixtures is associated with a significant increase in liver toxicity in rodents. Moreover, findings showed that rats were more sensitive to PBDEs than mice with the BDE-209 had the highest SMD value. Among the life stages of exposure, embryonic stage was found to be the most sensitive to hepatoxicity induced by PBDE congeners. Positive relationships were found between the incidence of hepatoxicity with dosage and duration of exposure to PBDE. Interaction analyses showed significant interactions between rodent species (rats or mice), dosage, length of exposure, and hepatotoxicity endpoints. Rats demonstrated an increased susceptibility to variations in organ weight, histopathological changes, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress markers. Conversely, mice showed pronounced lipid accumulation and modifications in liver enzyme expression levels. However, significant differences were not found in terms of endoplasmic reticular stress as a mechanistic endpoint for hepatotoxicity. In conclusion, this meta-analysis showed that there might be some species-related differences in hepatoxicity induced by PBDE exposure in rats and mice depending on the parameters used. This study highlights the importance of cross-species extrapolation of results from animal models to accurately assess the potential risks to human health from exposure to PBDEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dave Arthur R. Robledo
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | | | | | - Hisato Iwata
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
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5
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Xue J, Xiao Q, Zhang M, Li D, Wang X. Toxic Effects and Mechanisms of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13487. [PMID: 37686292 PMCID: PMC10487835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a group of flame retardants used in plastics, textiles, polyurethane foam, and other materials. They contain two halogenated aromatic rings bonded by an ester bond and are classified according to the number and position of bromine atoms. Due to their widespread use, PBDEs have been detected in soil, air, water, dust, and animal tissues. Besides, PBDEs have been found in various tissues, including liver, kidney, adipose, brain, breast milk and plasma. The continued accumulation of PBDEs has raised concerns about their potential toxicity, including hepatotoxicity, kidney toxicity, gut toxicity, thyroid toxicity, embryotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, neurotoxicity, and immunotoxicity. Previous studies have suggested that there may be various mechanisms contributing to PBDEs toxicity. The present study aimed to outline PBDEs' toxic effects and mechanisms on different organ systems. Given PBDEs' bioaccumulation and adverse impacts on human health and other living organisms, we summarize PBDEs' effects and potential toxicity mechanisms and tend to broaden the horizons to facilitate the design of new prevention strategies for PBDEs-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Xue
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China; (Q.X.); (M.Z.); (D.L.)
| | | | | | | | - Xiaofei Wang
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China; (Q.X.); (M.Z.); (D.L.)
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6
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Chen H, Carty RK, Bautista AC, Hayakawa KA, Lein PJ. Triiodothyronine or Antioxidants Block the Inhibitory Effects of BDE-47 and BDE-49 on Axonal Growth in Rat Hippocampal Neuron-Glia Co-Cultures. TOXICS 2022; 10:92. [PMID: 35202279 PMCID: PMC8879960 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10020092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) inhibit the growth of axons in primary rat hippocampal neurons. Here, we test the hypothesis that PBDE effects on axonal morphogenesis are mediated by thyroid hormone and/or reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent mechanisms. Axonal growth and ROS were quantified in primary neuronal-glial co-cultures dissociated from neonatal rat hippocampi exposed to nM concentrations of BDE-47 or BDE-49 in the absence or presence of triiodothyronine (T3; 3-30 nM), N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC; 100 µM), or α-tocopherol (100 µM). Co-exposure to T3 or either antioxidant prevented inhibition of axonal growth in hippocampal cultures exposed to BDE-47 or BDE-49. T3 supplementation in cultures not exposed to PBDEs did not alter axonal growth. T3 did, however, prevent PBDE-induced ROS generation and alterations in mitochondrial metabolism. Collectively, our data indicate that PBDEs inhibit axonal growth via ROS-dependent mechanisms, and that T3 protects axonal growth by inhibiting PBDE-induced ROS. These observations suggest that co-exposure to endocrine disruptors that decrease TH signaling in the brain may increase vulnerability to the adverse effects of developmental PBDE exposure on axonal morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Pamela J. Lein
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (H.C.); (R.K.C.); (A.C.B.); (K.A.H.)
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7
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Dungar BM, Schupbach CD, Jacobson JR, Kopf PG. Adrenal Corticosteroid Perturbation by the Endocrine Disruptor BDE-47 in a Human Adrenocortical Cell Line and Male Rats. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6346795. [PMID: 34370853 PMCID: PMC8402933 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been previously shown to alter various endocrine biosynthetic pathways. Growing epidemiological evidence suggests that PBDEs alter cardiovascular function. The goal of this study was to examine the effects of BDE-47 on adrenal corticosteroid pathways that play vital roles in cardiovascular homeostasis and pathophysiology. The effect of BDE-47 on aldosterone and cortisol secretion was characterized in a human adrenocortical cell line. HAC15 cells were exposed to various concentrations of BDE-47 (1 nM to 100 μM). Cell viability, corticosteroid secretion, gene expression of enzymes involved in corticosteroid synthesis, and metabolic activity was examined. Additionally, Sprague Dawley male rats were orally exposed to BDE-47 (10 or 100 µg/kg), 5 days per week for 16 weeks. Organ weights and plasma corticosteroid levels were measured. In HAC15 cells, basal and stimulated aldosterone and cortisol secretion was significantly increased by BDE-47. Gene expression of several enzymes involved in corticosteroid synthesis and mitochondrial metabolism also increased. In Sprague Dawley rats, adrenal but not heart, kidney, or liver weights, were significantly increased in BDE-47 treatment groups. Plasma corticosterone levels were significantly increased in the 100 µg BDE-47/kg treatment group. No change in plasma aldosterone levels were observed with BDE-47 exposure. These data indicate that BDE-47 disrupts the regulation of corticosteroid secretion and provides further evidence that PBDEs are potential endocrine disruptors. Future studies will determine the underlying molecular mechanism of altered corticosteroid production and examine whether these alterations result in underlying cardiovascular disease in our rodent model of 16-week BDE-47 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Dungar
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
| | - Chad D Schupbach
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
| | - Jessie R Jacobson
- Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
| | - Phillip G Kopf
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
- Correspondence: Phillip G. Kopf, PhD, Department of Pharmacology, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA.
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8
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Sun S, Zhao Z, Rao Q, Li X, Ruan Z, Yang J. BDE-47 induces nephrotoxicity through ROS-dependent pathways of mitochondrial dynamics in PK15 cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 222:112549. [PMID: 34325200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47)-induced nephrotoxicity is closely associated with oxidative stresses and mitochondrial abnormalities. Mitochondrial fusion and fission dynamics are crucial for maintaining mitochondrial and cellular physiological homeostasis. However, the detailed mechanisms through which BDE-47 disrupts this dynamic and contributes to renal injuries are still not fully understood. The porcine kidney-15 (PK15) cell line, a well-defined in vitro animal renal toxicological model, was exposed to BDE-47 with concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 μM, respectively. Cell viability, the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and the expression levels of key mitochondrial fusion and fission proteins were assessed. BDE-47 reduced cell viability and disrupted mitochondrial dynamics by inhibiting mitochondrial fusion and fission simultaneously, leading to MMP decreases, ROS overgeneration, ATP depletion, and cellular disintegration in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, the mitochondrial division inhibitor (Mdivi-1) with the concentration of 20 μM observed to restore the downregulation of mitochondrial fusion and fission proteins, alleviate damages in mitochondrial morphology and functionality, correct ROS overproduction, and enable cell survival. The antioxidant N-acety-L-cysteine (NAC) with the concentration of 1 mM also simultaneously reversed the imbalance of mitochondrial dynamics, decreased ROS production, and restored mitochondrial morphology in PK15 cells exposed to BDE-47. Our data provide new insights indicating that BDE-47 disrupts mitochondrial fusion/fission dynamics to induce mitochondrial abnormalities, triggering oxidative stresses and thus contributing to PK15 cell dysfunction. ROS-dependent pathways in mitochondrial dynamics may provide a new avenue for developing effective strategies to protect cells against BDE-47-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyao Sun
- Institute for Agri-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- Institute for Agri-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Qinxiong Rao
- Institute for Agri-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - XiaoMin Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zheng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Junhua Yang
- Institute for Agri-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China.
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Huang H, Lv L, Wang D, Guo B, Lv J, Luo L, Wen B, Kang Y. Biochemical and molecular responses of maize (Zea mays L.) to 1,2-dibromo-4-(1,2 dibromoethyl) cyclohexane (TBECH) diastereomers: Oxidative stress, DNA damage, antioxidant enzyme gene expression and diversity of root exudates. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 753:141872. [PMID: 32906041 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The phytotoxicities of TBECH diastereomers to plants at the biochemical and molecular levels were investigated in a hydroponic study by using maize as a model plant. The results showed that TBECH could induce the production of two species of reactive oxygen species (ROS), O2•- and H2O2, in maize tissues. The accumulation of ROS was the highest when maize was exposed to β-TBECH. TBECH enhanced the phosphorylation of plant histone, and the contents of γ-H2AX in maize followed the order β-TBECH > αβ-TBECH > γδ-TBECH > γ-TBECH. Transcriptome profiling revealed that antioxidant enzyme genes (AEGs) were over-expressed in maize when stressed by technical grade TBECH. The RT-PCR detection further validated that three typical AEGs, including CAT, SOD, and POD genes, were time-dependent and selectively expressed under the influence of TBECH diastereomers. Molecular compositions of maize root exudates characterized by FT-ICR-MS were significantly different among the four groups of TBECH diastereomer treatments. TBECH diastereomers specifically affected the chemical diversity and abundance of root exudates. New insights into the biochemical effects of TBECH on plants are provided in this work, which is helpful to deepening the understanding of their stereo-selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Lili Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Yunshui Haorui Environmental Technology Co. LTD, Beijing 100195, China
| | - Bin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jitao Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Lei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Bei Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuehui Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
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10
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Abe FR, de Oliveira AÁS, Marino RV, Rialto TCR, Oliveira DP, Dorta DJ. A comparison of developmental toxicity of brominated and halogen-free flame retardant on zebrafish. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111745. [PMID: 33396071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Brominated diphenyl ethers (BDEs) are halogenated flame retardants. Several concerns related to persistence and toxicity of BDEs have been resulted in a growing need of BDEs replacement. The use of halogen-free flame retardants (HFFR) has increased as a safer alternative, but little information is available on their toxic potential for environmental health and for developing organisms. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the toxicity of three congeners of BDEs (BDE-47, BDE-99 and BDE-154) with an HFFR (aluminum diethylphosphinate, ALPI) on zebrafish (Danio rerio) by assessing endpoints of lethality, sub-lethality and teratogenicity at the earlier stages of development. The highest tested concentration of BDE-47 (12.1 mg/L) induced pericardium and yolk sac edemas that first appeared at 48 h post-fertilization (hpf) and then were mostly reabsorbed until 144 hpf. BDE-47 also showed a slight but non-significant tendency to affect swim bladder inflation. The rate of edemas increased in a concentration-dependent manner after exposure to BDE-99, but there were no significant differences. In addition, the congener BDE-99 also presented a slight and non-significant effect on swim bladder inflation, but only at the highest concentration tested. Regarding BDE-154 exposure, the rate of edemas and swim bladder inflation were not affected. Finally, in all ALPI exposure concentrations (0.003 up to 30 mg/L), no sub-lethal or teratogenic effects were observed on developing organisms until 96 hpf. Although further studies are needed, our results demonstrate that when comparing the developmental toxicity induced by flame retardants in zebrafish, the HFFR ALPI may be considered a more suitable alternative to BDE-47.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Renata Abe
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Andréia Ávila Soares de Oliveira
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Renan Vieira Marino
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Taisa Carla Rizzi Rialto
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Danielle Palma Oliveira
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Daniel Junqueira Dorta
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
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Zhuang J, Pan ZJ, Hong FS, Zhu CK, Wu N, Chang G, Wang H, Zhao XX. BDE-47 induced apoptosis in zebrafish embryos through mitochondrial ROS-mediated JNK signaling. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 258:127385. [PMID: 32947675 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
2,2,4,4-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) has received considerable attention because of its high detection level in biological samples and potential developmental toxicity. Here, using zebrafish (Danio rerio) as the experimental animal, we investigated developmental effects of BDE-47 and explored the potential mechanism. Zebrafish embryos at 4 h post-fertilization (hpf) were exposed to 0.312, 0.625 and 1.25 mg/L BDE-47 to 74-120 hpf. We found that BDE-47 instigated a dose-related developmental toxicity, evidenced by reduced embryonic survival and hatching rate, shortened body length and increased aberration rate. Meanwhile, higher doses of BDE-47 reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production but increased apoptosis in zebrafish embryos. Expression of genes involved in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) (ndufb8, sdha, uqcrc1, cox5ab and atp5fal) were negatively related to BDE-47 doses in zebrafish embryos. Moreover, exposure to BDE-47 at 0.625 or 1.25 mg/L impaired mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial dynamics. Our data further showed that BDE- 47 exposure induced excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress, which was accompanied by the activation of c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK). Antioxidant NAC and JNK inhibition could mitigate apoptosis in embryos and improve embryonic development in BDE-47-treated zebrafish, suggesting the involvement of ROS/JNK pathway in embryonic developmental changes induced by BDE-47. Altogether, our data suggest here that developmental toxicity of BDE-47 may be associated with mitochondrial ROS-mediated JNK signaling in zebrafish embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhuang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, China.
| | - Zheng-Jun Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, China
| | - Fa-Shui Hong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, China
| | - Chuan-Kun Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, China
| | - Guoliang Chang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, China
| | - Xiang-Xiang Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, China.
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12
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Chen F, Feng L, Zheng YL, Lu J, Fan SH, Shan Q, Zheng GH, Wang YJ, Wu DM, Li MQ, Wang QQ, Zhang ZF. 2, 2', 4, 4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) induces mitochondrial dysfunction and related liver injury via eliciting miR-34a-5p-mediated mitophagy impairment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 258:113693. [PMID: 31838391 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
2,2',4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) is associated with various adverse human health effects; however, the knowledge of its toxicity is still very limited. Mitochondrial injury has been observed in liver cells exposed to BDE-47 in vitro. Mitophagy impairment causes the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria, contributing to the pathological mechanisms of liver injury. The aim of this study was to investigate whether BDE-47 impairs mitophagy to trigger mitochondrial dysfunction-related liver injury and the underlying mechanisms. This study revealed that BDE-47 elicited mitochondrial dysfunction and related oxidative liver injury by impairing mitophagy. Moreover, our results showed that NAD+ insufficiency is responsible for BDE-47-mediated mitophagy defect and mitochondrial dysfunction in mouse livers, which was associated with suppression of Sirt3/FoxO3a/PINK1 signaling. Furthermore, our results indicated a potential role of miR-34a-5p in the hepatotoxicity of BDE-47. Mechanistically, BDE-47 dramatically upregulated miR-34a-5p expression in mouse livers. The data from AAV-sponge-mediated miR-34a-5p inhibition suggested that miR-34a-5p diminished NAD+ level by directly targeting NAMPT expression in BDE-47-treated mouse livers, which was confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. Consequently, miR-34a-5p markedly abated Sirt3/FoxO3a/PINK1 signaling-mediated mitophagy to promote mitochondrial dysfunction in BDE-47-treated mouse livers. The present study provided in vivo evidence to reveal a potential mechanism for BDE-47-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and related liver injury and indicated that miR-34a-5p-mediated mitophagy impairment might be a therapeutic target for BDE-47 toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Li Feng
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Yuan-Lin Zheng
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Jun Lu
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Shao-Hua Fan
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Qu Shan
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Gui-Hong Zheng
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Yong-Jian Wang
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Dong-Mei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Meng-Qiu Li
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Qing-Qing Wang
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Zi-Feng Zhang
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China; College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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Tang Z, Li Y, Jiang Y, Cheng J, Xu S, Zhang J. Cellular metabolomics reveals glutamate and pyrimidine metabolism pathway alterations induced by BDE-47 in human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 182:109427. [PMID: 31302334 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) as potential neurotoxicants in environment may possess hazards to human health. Previous studies have reported that PBDEs exposure could induce oxidative stress and disturb mitochondrial functions in mammalian cells. However, the toxicological mechanism remains to be clarified. In this work, the neurotoxic effect and underlying mechanism of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) was investigated by using human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells as an effective model. A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics approach combined with cell viability assay was applied to elucidate the metabolic perturbations and relevant toxicological pathways upon BDE-47 exposure. Our results shown that the SK-N-SH cell viability decreased in a dose-dependent manner after exposure to BDE-47 at 24 h within the concentration range of 5-250 μM, and an IC50 value of 88.8 μM was obtained. Based on the dose-response curve and cell morphological observation, the 5 and 10 μM BDE-47 doses (equal to IC5 and IC10, respectively) were used for metabolomics study to capture the sensitive metabolic response following BDE-47 exposure. After BDE-47 treatment, nine metabolites were identified as potential biomarkers, and the most disturbed metabolic pathways were mainly involved in alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, glutathione metabolism, tyrosine and phenylalanine metabolism, and pyrimidine metabolism, which imply that metabolic changes related to neurotransmitters, oxidative stress, and nucleotide-mediated signal transduction systems were the sensitive pathways mostly influenced. Our findings reported here may provide potential neurotoxic effect biomarkers and prompt deep understanding of the molecular and metabolic mechanisms triggered by BDE-47 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Tang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yunxiu Li
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yousheng Jiang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jinquan Cheng
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jianqing Zhang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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14
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Assessing Surface Sediment Contamination by PBDE in a Recharge Point of Guarani Aquifer in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11081601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are used as flame retardants in several products, although they can act as neurotoxic, hepatotoxic and endocrine disruptors in organisms. In Brazil, their levels in aquatic sediments are poorly known; thus, concerns about the degree of exposure of the Brazilian population to PBDEs have grown. This study aimed to quantify the presence of PBDEs in sediment samples from an important groundwater water supply in Ribeirao Preto, Brazil, and to contribute to studies related to the presence of PBDEs in Brazilian environments. Gas chromatography coupled with Electron Capture Detection (GC-ECD) was used for quantification after submitting the samples to ultrasound-assisted extraction and clean-up steps. Results showed the presence of six PBDE, BDE-47 being the most prevalent in the samples, indicating a major contamination of the penta-PBDE commercial mixture. The concentration of ΣPBDEs (including BDE-28, -47, -66, -85, -99, -100, -138, -153, -154 and -209) varied between nd (not detected) to 5.4 ± 0.2 ng g−1. Although preliminary, our data show the anthropic contamination of a direct recharge area of the Aquifer Guarani by persistent and banned substances.
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15
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Zhao X, Lin X, Qu K, Xia B, Sun X, Chen B. Toxicity of BDE-47, BDE-99 and BDE-153 on swimming behavior of the unicellular marine microalgae Platymonas subcordiformis and implications for seawater quality assessment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 174:408-416. [PMID: 30851538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), a class of brominated flame retardants, have been extensively applied and eventually leached into the surrounding environment. Marine microalgae are not only the dominant primary producers of marine ecosystem, but also food source for aquaculture. PBDEs have been found to remarkably inhibit growth, photosynthesis and metabolism of marine microalgae. However, whether they also affect swimming behavior of marine motile microalgae remains unknown. We chose BDE-47, BDE-99 and BDE-153 as model PBDEs, and the unicellular marine green flagellate, Platymonas subcordiformis, as test organism to figure out this issue. After two-hour exposure, motile cells proportion (MOT), swimming velocity (VCL, VAP and VSL), and swimming pattern (LIN and STR) of P. subcordiformis were measured via computer assisted cell movement tracking. Results suggest that the three PBDEs not only reduced motile cells proportion and swimming velocity, but also altered swimming pattern. BDE-47 was more toxic than BDE-99, followed by BDE-153, indicating their toxicity decreased as bromination degree increases. Swimming ability of P. subcordiformis was even completely arrested when BDE-47 and BDE-99 at 32 μg/L. The impairment of swimming ability by PBDEs might thereby hinder growth and survival of marine microalgae, and subsequently threaten marine ecosystem and aquaculture industry. More importantly, this study implies that marine microalgae swimming behavior test is more efficiency and sensitive than traditional marine microalgal bioassays, like growth and photosynthesis tests. We suggest that although future work is needed, swimming behavior analysis of P. subcordiformis with MOT, VCL and VAP as endpoints can be developed as a low-cost, convenient, fast, reliable and sensitive method for seawater quality assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinguo Zhao
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environment Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Xingguan Lin
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou 325005, PR China
| | - Keming Qu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Bin Xia
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environment Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Xuemei Sun
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environment Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Bijuan Chen
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environment Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
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16
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Han X, Wang Y, Chen T, Wilson MJ, Pan F, Wu X, Rui C, Chen D, Tang Q, Wu W. Inhibition of progesterone biosynthesis induced by deca-brominated diphenyl ether (BDE-209) in mouse Leydig tumor cell (MLTC-1). Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 60:383-388. [PMID: 31132478 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) have been extensively applied as flame retardants in different polymeric materials since the 1970s, which have become a group of long-lasting environmental pollutants. They have been reported from previous studies to accumulate and then disrupt the endocrine system in humans. However, the mechanisms are still little known. In the present study, mouse Leydig tumor cells were utilized to investigate steroidogenic activity influenced by deca-brominated diphenyl ether (BDE-209). Our data showed that BDE-209 did not change intracellular cAMP level in the presence of human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG), cholera toxin (CT), and forskolin, which indicated that reduction of progesterone may not be related to the hCG-cAMP signal pathway in MLTC-1 cells. Furthermore, the reduction of progesterone generation was not shifted by 8-Br-cAMP, an analog of cAMP, indicating that BDE-209 may inhibit post-cAMP sites. In addition, mRNA expression levels of P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) presented a concentration-dependent decrease. In conclusion, this study suggested that BDE-209 may attenuate the progesterone secretion mainly through lowering the expression of these two enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, USA
| | - Ting Chen
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Mark J Wilson
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, USA
| | - Feng Pan
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xian Wu
- National Toxicology Program Laboratory, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Can Rui
- Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Daozhen Chen
- Clinical laboratory, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China.
| | - Qiuqin Tang
- Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China.
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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17
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Espinosa Ruiz C, Manuguerra S, Cuesta A, Esteban MA, Santulli A, Messina CM. Sub-lethal doses of polybrominated diphenyl ethers affect some biomarkers involved in energy balance and cell cycle, via oxidative stress in the marine fish cell line SAF-1. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 210:1-10. [PMID: 30797971 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of persistent contaminants which are found all over the world in the marine environment. Sparus aurata fibroblast cell line (SAF-1) was exposed to increasing concentrations of PBDEs 47 and 99, until 72 h to evaluate the cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the expression of some selected molecular markers related to cell cycle, cell signaling, energetic balance and oxidative stress (p53, erk-1, hif-1α and nrf-2), by real-time PCR. Furthermore, SAF-1 cells were exposed for 7 and 15 days to sub-lethal concentrations, in order to evaluate the response of some biomarkers by immunoblotting (p53, ERK-1, AMPK, HIF-1α and NRF-2). After 48 and 72 h, the cells showed a significant decrease of cell vitality as well as an increase of intracellular ROS production. Gene expression analysis showed that sub-lethal concentrations of BDE-99 and 47, after 72 h, up-regulated cell cycle and oxidative stress biomarkers, although exposure to 100 μmol L-1 down-regulated the selected markers related to cell cycle, cell signaling, energetic balance. After 7 and 15 days of sub-lethal doses exposure, all the analyzed markers resulted affected by the contaminants. Our results suggest that PBDEs influence the cells homeostasis first of all via oxidative stress, reducing the cell response and defense capacity and affecting its energetic levels. This situation of stress and energy imbalance could represents a condition that, modifying some of the analyzed biochemical pathways, would predispose to cellular transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristobal Espinosa Ruiz
- University of Palermo, Dept of Earth and Marine Science DISTEM, Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Trapani, Italy
| | - Simona Manuguerra
- University of Palermo, Dept of Earth and Marine Science DISTEM, Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Trapani, Italy
| | - Alberto Cuesta
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Maria Angeles Esteban
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Andrea Santulli
- University of Palermo, Dept of Earth and Marine Science DISTEM, Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Trapani, Italy; Consorzio Universitario della Provincia di Trapani, Marine Biology Institute, Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Trapani, Italy
| | - Concetta M Messina
- University of Palermo, Dept of Earth and Marine Science DISTEM, Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Trapani, Italy.
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18
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Oxidative Stress, Induced by Sub-Lethal Doses of BDE 209, Promotes Energy Management and Cell Cycle Modulation in the Marine Fish Cell Line SAF-1. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16030474. [PMID: 30736298 PMCID: PMC6388118 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16030474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The effects of sub-lethal doses of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE)-209 in terms of toxicity, oxidative stress, and biomarkers were evaluated in the Sparus aurata fibroblast cell line (SAF-1). Vitality and oxidative stress status were studied after incubation with PBDE for 72 h. Concomitantly, the quantification of proteins related to cell cycle and DNA repair (p53), cell proliferation (extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1 (ERK1)), energetic restriction (hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1)), and redox status (Nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (NRF2)) was also determined after prolonged exposure (7–15 days) by immunoblotting. Our results demonstrated that rising concentrations of PBDEs exposure-induced oxidative stress, and that this event modulates different cell pathways related to cell cycle, cell signaling, and energetic balance in the long term, indicating the negative impact of sub-lethal dose exposure to cell homeostasis.
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19
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Yang C, Wong CM, Wei J, Chung ACK, Cai Z. The brominated flame retardant BDE 47 upregulates purine metabolism and mitochondrial respiration to promote adipocyte differentiation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 644:1312-1322. [PMID: 30743844 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Adipocyte differentiation is closely associated with obesity and obesity-induced metabolic disorders. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated the association of obesity with environmental pollutants, such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), common flame retardants in various consumer products. However, their obesogenic effects and mechanism are underexplored. We employed non-targeted metabolomics studies based on liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry to determine how 2,2',4,4'-tetra-brominated biphenyl ether (BDE 47), one of the main congeners of PBDEs detected in human tissue, promotes adipocyte differentiation of mouse preadipocyte 3 T3-L1 cells. The promoting effects of BDE 47 exposure (5 or 10 μM) on adipocyte differentiation were confirmed by enhancing lipid accumulation and expression levels of biomarkers of adipogenesis. For the first time, we demonstrated that BDE 47 upregulated purine metabolism and altered glutathione metabolism to promote oxidative stress and uric acid production in adipocytes. BDE 47 also elevated mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis in adipocytes to induce more ATP to combat oxidative stress. Antioxidant treatments, including the suppression of xanthine oxidase, inhibited the effects of BDE 47 on inducing oxidative stress and lipid accumulation. BDE 47 may be a potential environmental obesogen by providing a permissive oxidative environment to induce adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi-Ming Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Juntong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Arthur C K Chung
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; HKBU Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; HKBU Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China.
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Qiu N, Wang R, Sun Y, Wang X, Jiang D, Meng Y, Zhou F. Toxic effects and mechanism of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) on Lemna minor. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 193:711-719. [PMID: 29175398 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the toxic effect and mechanism of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) in aquatic plants, in vivo and in vitro exposure to BDE-47 were conducted. After 14-d exposure to 5-20 μg/L BDE-47, the growth of Lemna minor plants was significantly suppressed, and the chlorophyll and soluble protein contents in fronds markedly decreased. Accordingly, the photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm, PI) decreased. When the thylakoid membranes isolated from healthy fronds was exposed to 5-20 mg/L BDE-47 directly in vitro for 1 h, the photosynthetic efficiency also decreased significantly. In both the in vitro (5-20 μg/L) and in vivo (5-20 mg/L) experiments, BDE-47 led to an increased plasma membrane permeability. Hence, we concluded that BDE-47 had a direct toxicity to photosynthetic membranes and plasma membranes. However, direct effects on the activities of peroxidase (POD), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and nitroreductase (NR) were not observed by adding 5-20 mg/L BDE-47 into crude enzyme extracts. The malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide anion radical (O2-) contents in the BDE-47 treated fronds were higher than those in the control fronds, suggesting that L. minor can not effectively relieve reactive oxygen species (ROS). The data above indicates that BDE-47 is toxic to L. minor through acting directly on biomembranes, which induces the production of ROS and thus causes remarkable oxidative damage to cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianwei Qiu
- School of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, China
| | - Renjun Wang
- School of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- School of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, China
| | - Xiushun Wang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dacheng Jiang
- School of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, China
| | - Yuting Meng
- School of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211171, China.
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21
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Relative toxicological ranking of eight polybrominated diphenyl ether congeners using cytotoxicity, chemical properties and exposure data. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 108:74-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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22
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Pereira LC, Souza AO, Tasso MJ, Oliveira AMC, Duarte FV, Palmeira CM, Dorta DJ. Exposure to decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) produces mitochondrial dysfunction in rat liver and cell death. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 80:1129-1144. [PMID: 28880749 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1357370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants. Exposure to these chemicals has been associated with developmental neurotoxicity, endocrine dysfunctions, reproductive disorders, and hepatotoxicity. The widespread use of PBDE as flame retardants has culminated in daily exposure of humans and wildlife to these contaminants and resulted in their banned use. Thus assessment of the potential effects of each PBDE congener on living organisms has become cause for concern. The aim of this study was to (1) examine the effects of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE)-209 on different functions of HepG2 cells and (2) investigate whether this congener is involved in mitochondrial toxicity. The use of multiple methods was employed to (i) study the influence of BDE-209 on mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) process in mitochondria isolated from rat liver and (ii) determine the consequential cellular damage. Our results showed that BDE-209 induced matrix swelling related to MPT with 10 µM and ATP depletion with 0.1 µM. In addition, 0.5 μM BDE-209 reduced HepG2 cell viability, produced collapse of membrane potential, but increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) after 48 h incubation. After 24 h with 5 μM treatment elevated levels of ROS, DNA fragmentation and cytochrome c release, accompanied by caspase 9 and caspase 3 activation was noted. Taken together, these results suggest that short-duration exposure (24 or 48 h) to 0.5 μM or 5 μM BDE-209 concentrations diminished HepG2 cell viability due to apoptosis associated with mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian C Pereira
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Departament of Clinical Analysis, Toxicological and Bromatological , University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , São Paulo , Brazil
- b Faculty of Agronomic Sciences of Botucatu, Department of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology , São Paulo State University , Botucatu , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Alecsandra O Souza
- c Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto , Departamento de Química, Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Maria J Tasso
- c Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto , Departamento de Química, Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Alana M C Oliveira
- c Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto , Departamento de Química, Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Filipe V Duarte
- d CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra , Faculty of Medicine , Coimbra , Portugal
- e Department of Life Sciences , University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Carlos M Palmeira
- d CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra , Faculty of Medicine , Coimbra , Portugal
- e Department of Life Sciences , University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Daniel J Dorta
- c Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto , Departamento de Química, Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , São Paulo , Brazil
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23
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Pereira LC, Duarte FV, Varela ATIF, Rolo AP, Palmeira CMM, Dorta DJ. Exposure to BDE-153 induces autophagy in HepG2 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 42:61-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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24
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Human Excretion of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether Flame Retardants: Blood, Urine, and Sweat Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:3676089. [PMID: 28373979 PMCID: PMC5360950 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3676089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Commonly used as flame retardants, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are routinely detected in the environment, animals, and humans. Although these persistent organic pollutants are increasingly recognized as having serious health implications, particularly for children, this is the first study, to our knowledge, to investigate an intervention for human elimination of bioaccumulated PBDEs. Objectives. To determine the efficacy of blood, urine, and perspiration as PBDE biomonitoring mediums; assess excretion of five common PBDE congeners (28, 47, 99, 100, and 153) in urine and perspiration; and explore the potential of induced sweating for decreasing bioaccumulated PBDEs. Results. PBDE congeners were not found in urine samples; findings focus on blood and perspiration. 80% of participants tested positive in one or more body fluids for PBDE 28, 100% for PBDE 47, 95% for PBDE 99, and 90% for PBDE 100 and PBDE 153. Induced perspiration facilitated excretion of the five congeners, with different rates of excretion for different congeners. Conclusion. Blood testing provides only a partial understanding of human PBDE bioaccumulation; testing of both blood and perspiration provides a better understanding. This study provides important baseline evidence for regular induced perspiration as a potential means for therapeutic PBDE elimination. Fetotoxic and reproductive effects of PBDE exposure highlight the importance of further detoxification research.
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Souza AO, Tasso MJ, Oliveira AMC, Pereira LC, Duarte FV, Oliveira DP, Palmeira CM, Dorta DJ. Evaluation of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether Toxicity on HepG2 Cells - Hexabrominated Congener (BDE-154) Is Less Toxic than Tetrabrominated Congener (BDE-47). Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 119:485-497. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alecsandra O. Souza
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Philosophy; Sciences and Languages of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - Maria J. Tasso
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Philosophy; Sciences and Languages of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - Alana M. C. Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Philosophy; Sciences and Languages of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - Lilian C. Pereira
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicological and Bromatological; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - Filipe V. Duarte
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Coimbra; Coimbra Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Coimbra; Coimbra Portugal
| | - Danielle P. Oliveira
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicological and Bromatological; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - Carlos M. Palmeira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Coimbra; Coimbra Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Coimbra; Coimbra Portugal
| | - Daniel J. Dorta
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Philosophy; Sciences and Languages of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
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26
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Pereira LC, de Souza AO, Meireles G, Franco-Bernardes MF, Tasso MJ, Bruno V, Dorta DJ, de Oliveira DP. Comparative Study of Genotoxicity Induced by Six Different PBDEs. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 119:396-404. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lílian Cristina Pereira
- Department of Clinical; Toxicological and Bromatological Analysis; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - Alecsandra Oliveira de Souza
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Philosophy; Sciences and Languages of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Paulo Brazil
| | - Gabriela Meireles
- Department of Clinical; Toxicological and Bromatological Analysis; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - Mariana Furio Franco-Bernardes
- Department of Clinical; Toxicological and Bromatological Analysis; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - Maria Júlia Tasso
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Philosophy; Sciences and Languages of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Paulo Brazil
| | - Vítor Bruno
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Philosophy; Sciences and Languages of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Paulo Brazil
| | - Daniel Junqueira Dorta
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Philosophy; Sciences and Languages of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Paulo Brazil
| | - Danielle Palma de Oliveira
- Department of Clinical; Toxicological and Bromatological Analysis; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
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27
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The brominated flame retardant BDE-47 causes oxidative stress and apoptotic cell death in vitro and in vivo in mice. Neurotoxicology 2015; 48:68-76. [PMID: 25797475 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), used for decades as flame retardants, have become widespread environmental contaminants. Exposure is believed to occur primarily through diet and dust, and infants and toddlers have the highest body burden, raising concern for potential developmental neurotoxicity. The exact mechanisms of PBDE neurotoxicity have not been elucidated, but two relevant modes of action relate to impairment of thyroid hormone homeostasis and to direct effects on brain cells causing alterations in signal transduction, oxidative stress and apoptotic cell death. The present study shows that BDE-47 (2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether) induces oxidative stress and ensuing apoptotic cell death in mouse cerebellar granule neurons in vitro. Similarly, in vivo administration of BDE-47, according to an exposure protocol shown to induce behavioral and biochemical alterations (10mg/kg, per os on post-natal day 10), induces oxidative stress and apoptosis, without altering serum levels of thyroid hormones. The effects of BDE-47 both in vitro and in vivo were more pronounced in a mouse model lacking the modifier subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLM) which results in reduced anti-oxidant capability due to low levels of GSH. Concentrations of BDE-47 in brain were in the mid-nanomolar range. These findings indicate that effects observed with BDE-47 in vitro are also present after in vivo administration, suggesting that in addition to potential endocrine effects, which were not seen here, direct interactions with brain cells should be considered as a potential mechanism of BDE-47 neurotoxicity.
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28
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Yeh A, Kruse SE, Marcinek DJ, Gallagher EP. Effect of omega-3 fatty acid oxidation products on the cellular and mitochondrial toxicity of BDE 47. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:672-80. [PMID: 25659769 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
High levels of the flame retardant 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 47) have been detected in Pacific salmon sampled near urban areas, raising concern over the safety of salmon consumption. However, salmon fillets also contain the antioxidants eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), whose oxidation products induce cellular antioxidant responses. Because oxidative stress is a mechanism of BDE 47 toxicity, we hypothesized that oxidized EPA and DHA can ameliorate the cellular and mitochondrial toxicity of BDE 47. HepG2 cells were treated with a mixture of oxidized EPA and DHA (oxEPA/oxDHA) at a ratio relevant to salmon consumption (1.5/1 oxEPA/oxDHA) followed by exposure to 100 μM BDE 47. Pretreatment with oxEPA/oxDHA for 12 h prior to BDE 47 exposure prevented BDE 47-mediated depletion of glutathione, and increased expression of antioxidant response genes. oxEPA/oxDHA also reduced the level of reactive oxygen species production by BDE 47. The oxEPA/oxDHA antioxidant responses were associated with partial protection against BDE 47-induced loss of viability and also mitochondrial membrane potential. Mitochondrial electron transport system functional analysis revealed extensive inhibition of State 3 respiration and maximum respiratory capacity by BDE 47 were partially reversed by oxEPA/oxDHA. Our findings indicate that the antioxidant effects of oxEPA/oxDHA protect against short exposures to BDE 47, including a protective role of these compounds on maintaining cellular and mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Yeh
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105-6099, United States
| | - Shane E Kruse
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - David J Marcinek
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Evan P Gallagher
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105-6099, United States.
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