1
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Freinhofer D, Schwartenbeck P, Thon N, Aichhorn W, Lenger M, Wurst FM, Kronbichler M. Loss, gain and choice difficulty in gambling patients: Neural and behavioural processes. Addict Biol 2024; 29:e13396. [PMID: 38733092 PMCID: PMC11087675 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Impaired decision-making is often displayed by individuals suffering from gambling disorder (GD). Since there are a variety of different phenomena influencing decision-making, we focused in this study on the effects of GD on neural and behavioural processes related to loss aversion and choice difficulty. Behavioural responses as well as brain images of 23 patients with GD and 20 controls were recorded while they completed a mixed gambles task, where they had to decide to either accept or reject gambles with different amounts of potential gain and loss. We found no behavioural loss aversion in either group and no group differences regarding loss and gain-related choice behaviour, but there was a weaker relation between choice difficulty and decision time in patients with GD. Similarly, we observed no group differences in processing of losses or gains, but choice difficulty was weaker associated with brain activity in the right anterior insula and anterior cingulate cortex in patients with GD. Our results showed for the first time the effects of GD on neural processes related to choice difficulty. In addition, our findings on choice difficulty give new insights on the psychopathology of GD and on neural processes related to impaired decision-making in GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Freinhofer
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience and Department of PsychologyUniversity of SalzburgSalzburgAustria
| | - Philipp Schwartenbeck
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience and Department of PsychologyUniversity of SalzburgSalzburgAustria
- Neuroscience InstituteChristian‐Doppler Medical CentreParacelsus Medical University SalzburgSalzburgAustria
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human NeuroimagingUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the BrainNuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Natasha Thon
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and PsychosomaticsChristian‐Doppler Medical CentreParacelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
| | - Wolfgang Aichhorn
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and PsychosomaticsChristian‐Doppler Medical CentreParacelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
| | - Melanie Lenger
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience and Department of PsychologyUniversity of SalzburgSalzburgAustria
- Department for Psychiatry and PsychotherapyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Friedrich M. Wurst
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and PsychosomaticsChristian‐Doppler Medical CentreParacelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
- Medical Faculty and Psychiatric University HospitalUniversity BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Martin Kronbichler
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience and Department of PsychologyUniversity of SalzburgSalzburgAustria
- Neuroscience InstituteChristian‐Doppler Medical CentreParacelsus Medical University SalzburgSalzburgAustria
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2
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Pop-Jordanova N. Internet/Video Gaming: The Relevance of a New Phenomenon in the Youth. Pril (Makedon Akad Nauk Umet Odd Med Nauki) 2024; 45:5-12. [PMID: 38575381 DOI: 10.2478/prilozi-2024-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The high level of technological growth in contemporary society, beside benefits, provokes different kinds of damages, especially among the worldwide youth population. World statistics have recognized that video and internet game addiction is a growing problem. In this context, it is supposed that 0.3 to 1.0 percent of the general population might be qualified as a potential sufferer of internet gaming disorder. However, youth between 18-34 years are the highest risk population. New research has shown the need of early identification of at-risk young people for internet addiction. Adverse experience in children of different forms of stress, negative life circumstances and especially negative, hostile parenting can lead to depression, social and cultural problems, together with significant boredom and loneliness levels. These are all confirmed to be related with addictive behaviour. Some neural correlates are discussed as the possible background of game addiction. Finally, therapeutic possibilities are presented.
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3
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Shao Y, Zhang H, Zhang X, Liang Q, Zhang H, Zhang F. Chinese version of exercise dependence scale-revised: psychometric analysis and exploration of risk factors. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1309205. [PMID: 38115976 PMCID: PMC10728468 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1309205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Exercise addiction (EA) is a dysfunctional behavior characterized by exaggerated training which has adverse effects on physiology and psychology. To examine the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised (EDS-R) and the social and psychological aspects related to EA, a large sample behavioral study was conducted. Methods College students were selected as the target group. All of them were asked to finish the scales about exercise, including the Chinese version of EDS-R and the Motives for Physical Activity Measure-Revised scales. A confirmatory factor analysis, Mann-Whitney U test, and hierarchical regression test were performed to test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of EDS-R and find the explanatory variables of EA. Results A total of 837 (556 female) students with a mean age of 20.38 years were recruited in the present study. The Chinese version of EDS-R showed good reliability and validity (McDonald's ω = 0.973, CR = 0.99, AVE = 0.80) in Chinese college students. EA was positively correlated with exercise frequency and ability motivation across the study sample. Besides, the Mann-Whitney U test revealed that the exercise motivation difference is the primary cause of the gender gap in EA. Conclusion The Chinese version of EDS-R is a relatively robust and accurate instrument to assess the risk of EA. Additionally, exercise frequency and motivation may be the potential risk factors for EA. The screening of risk factors is of great significance for the early detection and prevention of EA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingbo Shao
- Department of Radiology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Department of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Haoyu Zhang
- Department of Radiology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Department of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Department of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Qian Liang
- Department of Radiology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Department of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Radiology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Intelligent Imaging and Nanomedicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Feifei Zhang
- Department of Radiology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Intelligent Imaging and Nanomedicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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4
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Cui S, Jiang P, Cheng Y, Cai H, Zhu J, Yu Y. Molecular mechanisms underlying resting-state brain functional correlates of behavioral inhibition. Neuroimage 2023; 283:120415. [PMID: 37863277 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous literature has established the presence of sex differences in behavioral inhibition as well as its neural substrates and related disease risk. However, there is limited evidence that speaks directly to the question of whether or not there are sex-dependent associations between behavioral inhibition and resting-state brain function and, if so, how they are modulated by the underlying molecular mechanisms. We computed functional connectivity density (FCD) using resting-state functional MRI data to examine their associations with behavioral inhibition ability measured using a Go/No-Go task across a large cohort of 510 healthy young adults. Then, we examined the spatial relationships of the FCD correlates of behavioral inhibition with gene expression and neurotransmitter atlases to explore their potential genetic architecture and neurochemical basis. A significant negative correlation between behavioral inhibition and FCD in the left superior parietal lobule was found in females but not males. Further spatial correlation analyses demonstrated that the identified neural correlates of behavioral inhibition were associated with expression of gene categories predominantly implicating essential components of the cerebral cortex (glial cell, neuron, axon, dendrite, and synapse) and ion channel activity, as well as were linked to the serotonergic system. Our findings may not only yield important insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the female-specific neural substrates of behavioral inhibition, but also provide a critical context for understanding how biological sex might contribute to variation in behavioral inhibition and its related disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunshun Cui
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China; Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China; Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China; Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Huanhuan Cai
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China; Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jiajia Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China; Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Yongqiang Yu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China; Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei 230032, China.
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5
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Kaasinen V, Honkanen EA, Lindholm K, Jaakkola E, Majuri J, Parkkola R, Noponen T, Vahlberg T, Voon V, Clark L, Joutsa J, Seppänen M. Serotonergic and dopaminergic control of impulsivity in gambling disorder. Addict Biol 2023; 28:e13264. [PMID: 36692875 PMCID: PMC10078603 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Gambling disorder (GD) is major public health issue. The disorder is often characterized by elevated impulsivity with evidence from analogous substance use disorders underlining prominent roles of brain monoamines in addiction susceptibility and outcome. Critically, GD allows the study of addiction mechanisms without the confounder of the effects of chronic substances. Here, we assessed the roles of striatal dopamine transporter binding and extrastriatal serotonin transporter binding in GD as a function of impulsivity using [123 I]FP-CIT SPECT imaging in 20 older adults with GD (DSM-5 criteria; mean age 64 years) and 40 non-GD age- and sex-matched controls. We focused on GD in older individuals because there are prominent age-related changes in neurotransmitter function and because there are no reported neuroimaging studies of GD in older adults. Volume-of-interest-based and voxelwise analyses were performed. GD patients scored clearly higher on impulsivity and had higher tracer binding in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex than controls (p < 0.001), likely reflecting serotonin transporter activity. The binding in the medial prefrontal cortex positively correlated with impulsivity over the whole sample (r = 0.62, p < 0.001) as well as separately in GD patients (r = 0.46, p = 0.04) and controls (r = 0.52, p < 0.001). Striatal tracer binding, reflecting dopamine transporter activity was also positively correlated with impulsivity but showed no group differences. These findings highlight the role of prefrontal serotonergic function in GD and impulsivity. They identify cerebral coordinates of a potential target for neuromodulation for both GD and high impulsivity, a core phenotypic dimensional cognitive marker in addictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valtteri Kaasinen
- Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Neurocenter, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Emma A Honkanen
- Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Neurocenter, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Kari Lindholm
- Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Neurocenter, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Elina Jaakkola
- Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Joonas Majuri
- Department of Neurology, North Kymi Hospital, Kouvola, Finland
| | - Riitta Parkkola
- Department of Radiology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tommi Noponen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Medical Physics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tero Vahlberg
- Biostatistics, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Valerie Voon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Luke Clark
- Department of Psychology and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Juho Joutsa
- Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Neurocenter, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Marko Seppänen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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6
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Fu H, Rong J, Chen Z, Zhou J, Collier T, Liang SH. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Imaging Tracers for Serotonin Receptors. J Med Chem 2022; 65:10755-10808. [PMID: 35939391 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and 5-HT receptors (5-HTRs) have crucial roles in various neuropsychiatric disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, making them attractive diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Positron emission tomography (PET) is a noninvasive nuclear molecular imaging technique and is an essential tool in clinical diagnosis and drug discovery. In this context, numerous PET ligands have been developed for "visualizing" 5-HTRs in the brain and translated into human use to study disease mechanisms and/or support drug development. Herein, we present a comprehensive repertoire of 5-HTR PET ligands by focusing on their chemotypes and performance in PET imaging studies. Furthermore, this Perspective summarizes recent 5-HTR-focused drug discovery, including biased agonists and allosteric modulators, which would stimulate the development of more potent and subtype-selective 5-HTR PET ligands and thus further our understanding of 5-HTR biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualong Fu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jian Rong
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Zhen Chen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Jingyin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Thomas Collier
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Steven H Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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7
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Desrochers SS, Lesko EK, Magalong VM, Balsam PD, Nautiyal KM. A role for reward valuation in the serotonergic modulation of impulsivity. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:3293-3309. [PMID: 34390360 PMCID: PMC8605981 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05944-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Impulsive behavior is a deleterious component of a number of mental health disorders but has few targeted pharmacotherapies. One contributing factor to the difficulty in understanding the neural substrates of disordered impulsivity is the diverse presentations of impulsive behavior. Defining the behavioral and cognitive processes which contribute to different subtypes of impulsivity is important for understanding the neural underpinnings of dysregulated impulsive behavior. METHODS Using a mouse model for disordered impulsivity, our goal was to identify behavioral and cognitive processes that are associated with increased impulsivity. Specifically, we were interested in the facets of impulsivity modulated by serotonin signaling. We used mice lacking the serotonin 1B receptor (5-HT1BR) and measured different types of impulsivity as well as goal-directed responding, extinction, habitual-like behavior, cue reactivity, and reward reactivity. RESULTS Mice lacking expression of 5-HT1BR had increased levels of impulsive action, goal-directed responding, and motivation, with no differences seen in rate of extinction, development of habitual behavior, delay discounting, or effort-based discounting. Interestingly, mice lacking 5-HT1BR expression also showed an overall increase in the choice of higher value rewards, increased hedonic responses to sweet rewards, and responded more for cues that predict reward. We developed a novel paradigm to demonstrate that increasing anticipated reward value could directly increase impulsive action. Furthermore, we found that 5-HT1BR KO-induced impulsivity could be ameliorated by decreasing the reward value relative to controls, suggesting that the increased 5-HT1BR-associated impulsive action may be a result of increased reward valuation. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data show that the effects of serotonin on impulsive action are mediated through the modulation of hedonic value, which may alter the reward representations that motivate action. Overall, this data supports a role for reward value as an important substrate in impulsive action which may drive clinically relevant increases in impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie S Desrochers
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Emma K Lesko
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Valerie M Magalong
- Department of Psychology, Barnard College and Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Peter D Balsam
- Department of Psychology, Barnard College and Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Katherine M Nautiyal
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
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8
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Raimo S, Cropano M, Trojano L, Santangelo G. The neural basis of gambling disorder: An activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 120:279-302. [PMID: 33275954 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous imaging studies suggested that impairments of prefrontal-striatal and limbic circuits are correlated to excessive gambling. However, the neural underpinnings of gambling disorder (GD) continue to be the topic of debate. The present study aimed to identify structural changes in GD and differentiate the specific brain activity patterns associated with decision-making and reward-processing. We performed a systematic review complemented by Activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analyses on morphometric and functional studies on neural correlates of GD. The ALE meta-analysis on structural studies revealed that patients with GD showed significant cortical grey-matter thinning in the right ventrolateral and ventromedial prefrontal cortex compared to healthy subjects. The ALE meta-analyses on functional studies revealed that patients with GD showed a significant hyperactivation in the medial prefrontal cortex and in the right ventral striatum during decision-making and gain processing compared to healthy subjects. These findings suggest that GD is related to an alteration of brain mechanisms underlying top-down control and appraisal of gambling-related stimuli and provided indications to develop new interventions in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Raimo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Maria Cropano
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Luigi Trojano
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Gabriella Santangelo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy.
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9
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Antons S, Brand M, Potenza MN. Neurobiology of cue-reactivity, craving, and inhibitory control in non-substance addictive behaviors. J Neurol Sci 2020; 415:116952. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.116952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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10
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Qin K, Zhang F, Chen T, Li L, Li W, Suo X, Lei D, Kemp GJ, Gong Q. Shared gray matter alterations in individuals with diverse behavioral addictions: A voxel-wise meta-analysis. J Behav Addict 2020; 9:44-57. [PMID: 32359230 PMCID: PMC8935193 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2020.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Numerous studies on behavioral addictions (BAs) have reported gray matter (GM) alterations in multiple brain regions by using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). However, findings are poorly replicated and it remains elusive whether distinct addictive behaviors are underpinned by shared abnormalities. In this meta-analysis, we integrated VBM studies on different BAs to investigate common GM abnormalities in individuals with BAs. METHODS Numerous studies on behavioral addictions (BAs) have reported gray matter (GM) alterations in multiple brain regions by using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). However, findings are poorly replicated and it remains elusive whether distinct addictive behaviors are underpinned by shared abnormalities. In this meta-analysis, we integrated VBM studies on different BAs to investigate common GM abnormalities in individuals with BAs. RESULTS Twenty studies including 505 individuals with BAs and 564 healthy controls met the inclusion criteria. Compared with healthy controls, individuals with BAs showed GM atrophy in the left anterior cingulate (extending to the left medial superior frontal gyrus and bilateral orbitofrontal gyrus), right putamen and right supplementary motor area. Subgroup analysis found heterogeneity in gender and subtypes of BAs. Meta-regression revealed that GM decreases in the left anterior cingulate and right supplementary motor area were positively correlated with addictive severity. Higher impulsivity was associated with smaller volume of the left anterior cingulate. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Our findings on BAs were mainly derived from internet gaming disorder (IGD) and pathological gambling (PG) studies, preliminarily suggesting that GM atrophy in the prefrontal and striatal areas might be a common structural biomarker of BAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Qin
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Feifei Zhang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Taolin Chen
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Li
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xueling Suo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Du Lei
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA,Corresponding author. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 260 Stetson St., Suite 3326, Cincinnati, OH, USA. E-mail:
| | - Graham J. Kemp
- Liverpool Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centre (LiMRIC), Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Corresponding author. Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, China. E-mail:
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11
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Clark L, Boileau I, Zack M. Neuroimaging of reward mechanisms in Gambling disorder: an integrative review. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:674-693. [PMID: 30214041 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0230-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gambling disorder (GD) was reclassified as a behavioral addiction in the DSM-5 and shares clinical and behavioral features with substance use disorders (SUDs). Neuroimaging studies of GD hold promise in isolating core features of the addiction syndrome, avoiding confounding effects of drug neurotoxicity. At the same time, a neurobiologically-grounded theory of how behaviors like gambling can become addictive remains lacking, posing a significant hurdle for ongoing decisions in addiction nosology. This article integrates research on reward-related brain activity (functional MRI) and neurotransmitter function (PET) in GD, alongside the consideration of structural MRI data as to whether these signals more likely reflect pre-existing vulnerability or neuroadaptive change. Where possible, we point to qualitative similarities and differences with established markers for SUDs. Structural MRI studies indicate modest changes in regional gray matter volume and diffuse reductions in white matter integrity in GD, contrasting with clear structural deterioration in SUDs. Functional MRI studies consistently identify dysregulation in reward-related circuitry (primarily ventral striatum and medial prefrontal cortex), but evidence is mixed as to the direction of these effects. The need for further parsing of reward sub-processes is emphasized, including anticipation vs outcome, gains vs. losses, and disorder-relevant cues vs natural rewards. Neurotransmitter PET studies indicate amplified dopamine (DA) release in GD, in the context of minimal differences in baseline DA D2 receptor binding, highlighting a distinct profile from SUDs. Preliminary work has investigated further contributions of opioids, GABA and serotonin. Neuroimaging data increasingly highlight divergent profiles in GD vs. SUDs. The ability of gambling to perpetually activate DA (via maximal uncertainty) may contribute to neuroimaging similarities between GD and SUDs, whereas the supra-physiological DA effects of drugs may partly explain differences in the neuroimaging profile of the two syndromes. Coupled with consistent observations of correlations with gambling severity and related clinical variables within GD samples, the overall pattern of effects is interpreted as a likely combination of shared vulnerability markers across GD and SUDs, but with further experience-dependent neuroadaptive processes in GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Clark
- Centre for Gambling Research, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Boileau
- Addiction Imaging Research Group, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada.,Vivian M. Rakoff PET Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Addictions Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Schizophrenia Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Martin Zack
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Clinical Neuroscience Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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12
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Christensen DR. A review of opioid-based treatments for gambling disorder: an examination of treatment outcomes, cravings, and individual differences. INTERNATIONAL GAMBLING STUDIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2018.1470662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Darren R. Christensen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Alberta Gambling Research Institute , Lethbridge, Canada
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13
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The 5-HT 1B receptor - a potential target for antidepressant treatment. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:1317-1334. [PMID: 29546551 PMCID: PMC5919989 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-4872-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the leading cause of disability worldwide. The serotonin hypothesis may be the model of MDD pathophysiology with the most support. The majority of antidepressants enhance synaptic serotonin levels quickly, while it usually takes weeks to discern MDD treatment effect. It has been hypothesized that the time lag between serotonin increase and reduction of MDD symptoms is due to downregulation of inhibitory receptors such as the serotonin 1B receptor (5-HT1BR). The research on 5-HT1BR has previously been hampered by a lack of selective ligands for the receptor. The last extensive review of 5-HT1BR in the pathophysiology of depression was published 2009, and based mainly on findings from animal studies. Since then, selective radioligands for in vivo quantification of brain 5-HT1BR binding with positron emission tomography has been developed, providing new knowledge on the role of 5-HT1BR in MDD and its treatment. The main focus of this review is the role of 5-HT1BR in relation to MDD and its treatment, although studies of 5-HT1BR in obsessive-compulsive disorder, alcohol dependence, and cocaine dependence are also reviewed. The evidence outlined range from animal models of disease, effects of 5-HT1B receptor agonists and antagonists, case-control studies of 5-HT1B receptor binding postmortem and in vivo, with positron emission tomography, to clinical studies of 5-HT1B receptor effects of established treatments for MDD. Low 5-HT1BR binding in limbic regions has been found in MDD patients. When 5-HT1BR ligands are administered to animals, 5-HT1BR agonists most consistently display antidepressant-like properties, though it is not yet clear how 5-HT1BR is best approached for optimal MDD treatment.
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14
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Majuri J, Joutsa J, Johansson J, Voon V, Parkkola R, Alho H, Arponen E, Kaasinen V. Serotonin transporter density in binge eating disorder and pathological gambling: A PET study with [ 11C]MADAM. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 27:1281-1288. [PMID: 29032922 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral addictions, such as pathological gambling (PG) and binge eating disorder (BED), appear to be associated with specific changes in brain dopamine and opioid function, but the role of other neurotransmitter systems is less clear. Given the crucial role of serotonin in a number of psychiatric disorders, we aimed to compare brain serotonergic function among individuals with BED, PG and healthy controls. Seven BED patients, 13 PG patients and 16 healthy controls were scanned with high-resolution positron emission tomography (PET) using the serotonin transporter (SERT) tracer [11C]MADAM. Both region-of-interest and voxel-wise whole brain analyses were performed. Patients with BED showed increased SERT binding in the parieto-occipital cortical regions compared to both PG and healthy controls, with parallel decreases in binding in the nucleus accumbens, inferior temporal gyrus and lateral orbitofrontal cortex. No differences between PG patients and controls were observed. None of the subjects were on SSRI medications at the time of imaging, and there were no differences in the level of depression between PG and BED patients. The results highlight differences in brain SERT binding between individuals with BED and PG and provide further evidence of different neurobiological underpinnings in behavioral addictions that are unrelated to the co-existing mood disorder. The results aid in the conceptualization of behavioral addictions by characterizing the underlying serotonin changes and provide a framework for additional studies to examine syndrome-specific pharmaceutical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonas Majuri
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Neurology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Juho Joutsa
- Department of Neurology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States; Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Valerie Voon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Riitta Parkkola
- Department of Radiology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Hannu Alho
- Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Valtteri Kaasinen
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Neurology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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15
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Hazari PP, Pandey A, Chaturvedi S, Mishra AK. New Trends and Current Status of Positron-Emission Tomography and Single-Photon-Emission Computerized Tomography Radioligands for Neuronal Serotonin Receptors and Serotonin Transporter. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:2647-2672. [PMID: 28767225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The critical role of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) and its receptors (5-HTRs) in the pathophysiology of diverse neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders render them attractive diagnostic and therapeutic targets for brain disorders. Therefore, the in vivo assessment of binding of 5-HT receptor ligands under a multitude of physiologic and pathologic scenarios may support more-accurate identification of disease and its progression and the patient's response to therapy as well as the screening of novel therapeutic strategies. The present Review aims to focus on the current status of radioligands used for positron-emission tomography (PET) and single-photon-emission computerized tomography (SPECT) imaging of human brain serotonin receptors. We further elaborate upon and emphasize the attributes that qualify a radioligand for theranostics on the basis of its frequency of use in clinics, its benefit to risk assessment in humans, and its continuous evolution, along with the major limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Panwar Hazari
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences , Brig S.K. Mazumdar Road, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Ankita Pandey
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences , Brig S.K. Mazumdar Road, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Shubhra Chaturvedi
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences , Brig S.K. Mazumdar Road, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Anil Kumar Mishra
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences , Brig S.K. Mazumdar Road, Delhi 110054, India
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16
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Persons AL, Tedford SE, Napier TC. Mirtazapine and ketanserin alter preference for gambling-like schedules of reinforcement in rats. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 77:178-184. [PMID: 28412411 PMCID: PMC5656013 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Drug and behavioral addictions have overlapping features, e.g., both manifest preference for larger, albeit costlier, reinforcement options in cost/benefit decision-making tasks. Our prior work revealed that the mixed-function serotonergic compound, mirtazapine, attenuates behaviors by rats motivated by abused drugs. To extend this work to behavioral addictions, here we determined if mirtazapine and/or ketanserin, another mixed-function serotonin-acting compound, can alter decision-making in rats that is independent of drug (or food)-motivated reward. Accordingly, we developed a novel variable-ratio task in rats wherein intracranial self-stimulation was used as the positive reinforcer. Using lever pressing for various levels of brain stimulation, the operant task provided choices between a small brain stimulation current delivered on a fixed-ratio schedule (i.e., a predictable reward) and a large brain stimulation delivered following an unpredictable number of responses (i.e., a variable-ratio schedule). This task allowed for demonstration of individualized preference and detection of shifts in motivational influences during a pharmacological treatment. Once baseline preference was established, we determined that pretreatment with mirtazapine or ketanserin significantly decreased preference for the large reinforcer presented after gambling-like schedules of reinforcement. When the rats were tested the next day without drug, preference for the unpredictable large reinforcer option was restored. These data demonstrate that mirtazapine and ketanserin can reduce preference for larger, costlier reinforcement options, and illustrate the potential for these drugs to alter behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Persons
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL,Dept. of Physician Assistant Studies, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL,Center for Compulsive Behavior and Addiction, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Stephanie E. Tedford
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL,Center for Compulsive Behavior and Addiction, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - T. Celeste Napier
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL,Dept. of Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL,Center for Compulsive Behavior and Addiction, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
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17
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Nautiyal KM, Okuda M, Hen R, Blanco C. Gambling disorder: an integrative review of animal and human studies. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1394:106-127. [PMID: 28486792 PMCID: PMC5466885 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gambling disorder (GD), previously called pathological gambling and classified as an impulse control disorder in DSM-III and DSM-IV, has recently been reclassified as an addictive disorder in the DSM-5. It is widely recognized as an important public health problem associated with substantial personal and social costs, high rates of psychiatric comorbidity, poor physical health, and elevated suicide rates. A number of risk factors have been identified, including some genetic polymorphisms. Animal models have been developed in order to study the underlying neural basis of GD. Here, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the risk factors, disease course, and pathophysiology. A focus on a phenotype-based dissection of the disorder is included in which known neural correlates from animal and human studies are reviewed. Finally, current treatment approaches are discussed, as well as future directions for GD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M. Nautiyal
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Mayumi Okuda
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Rene Hen
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Departments of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Carlos Blanco
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Rockville, Maryland
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18
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Abstract
The role of serotonin in major depressive disorder (MDD) is the focus of accumulating clinical and preclinical research. The results of these studies reflect the complexity of serotonin signaling through many receptors, in a large number of brain regions, and throughout the lifespan. The role of the serotonin transporter in MDD has been highlighted in gene by environment association studies as well as its role as a critical player in the mechanism of the most effective antidepressant treatments – selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. While the majority of the 15 known receptors for serotonin have been implicated in depression or depressive-like behavior, the serotonin 1A (5-HT
1A) and 1B (5-HT
1B) receptors are among the most studied. Human brain imaging and genetic studies point to the involvement of 5-HT
1A and 5-HT
1B receptors in MDD and the response to antidepressant treatment. In rodents, the availability of tissue-specific and inducible knockout mouse lines has made possible the identification of the involvement of 5-HT
1A and 5-HT
1B receptors throughout development and in a cell-type specific manner. This, and other preclinical pharmacology work, shows that autoreceptor and heteroreceptor populations of these receptors have divergent roles in modulating depression-related behavior as well as responses to antidepressants and also have different functions during early postnatal development compared to during adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Nautiyal
- Division of Integrative Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, NY, USA
| | - René Hen
- Division of Integrative Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, NY, USA; Departments of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Columbia University, NY, USA
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19
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Chen M, Sun Y, Lu L, Shi J. Similarities and Differences in Neurobiology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1010:45-58. [PMID: 29098667 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-5562-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Substance addiction is a chronic, relapsing brain disease characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use despite harmful consequences. Non-substance addiction is defined recently that people may compulsively engage in an activity despite any negative consequences to their lives. Despite differences with respect to their addictive object, substance addiction and non-substance addiction may share similarities with respect to biological, epidemiological, clinical, genetic and other features. Here we review the similarities and differences in neurobiology between these two addictions with a focus on dopamine, serotonin, opioid, glutamate and norepinephrine systems. Studies suggest the involvement of all these systems in both substance addiction and non-substance addiction while differences may exist with respect to their contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manli Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yan Sun
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Institute of Mental Health/Peking University Sixth Hospital and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jie Shi
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
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20
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Faulkner P, Mancinelli F, Lockwood PL, Matarin M, Dolan RJ, Wood NW, Dayan P, Roiser JP. Peripheral Serotonin 1B Receptor Transcription Predicts the Effect of Acute Tryptophan Depletion on Risky Decision-Making. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 20:58-66. [PMID: 27638901 PMCID: PMC5480594 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyw075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of acute tryptophan depletion on human decision-making suggest that serotonin modulates the processing of rewards and punishments. However, few studies have assessed which of the many types of serotonin receptors are responsible. METHODS Using a within-subject, double-blind, sham-controlled design in 26 subjects, we examined whether individual differences in serotonin system gene transcription, measured in peripheral blood, predicted the effect of acute tryptophan depletion on decision-making. Participants performed a task in which they chose between successive pairs of fixed, lower-stakes (control) and variable, higher-stakes (experimental) gambles, each involving wins or losses. In 21 participants, mRNA from 9 serotonin system genes was measured in whole blood prior to acute tryptophan depletion: 5-HT1B, 5-HT1F, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, 5-HT3A, 5-HT3E, 5-HT7 (serotonin receptors), 5-HTT (the serotonin transporter), and tryptophan hydroxylase 1. RESULTS Acute tryptophan depletion did not significantly influence participants' sensitivity to probability, wins, or losses, although there was a trend for a lower tendency to choose experimental gambles overall following depletion. Significant positive correlations, which survived correction for multiple comparisons, were detected between baseline 5-HT1B mRNA levels and acute tryptophan depletion-induced increases in both the overall tendency to choose the experimental gamble and sensitivity to wins. No significant relationship was observed with any other peripheral serotonin system markers. Computational analyses of decision-making data provided results consistent with these findings. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the 5-HT1B receptor may modulate the effects of acute tryptophan depletion on risky decision-making. Peripheral levels of serotonin markers may predict response to treatments that act upon the serotonin system, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Faulkner
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom (Drs Faulkner and Roiser); Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California (Dr Faulkner);,Correspondence: Paul Faulkner, PhD, Semel Institute, 760 Westwood Boulevard, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90025 ()
| | - Federico Mancinelli
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom (Drs Faulkner and Roiser); Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California (Dr Faulkner)
| | - Patricia L Lockwood
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom (Drs Faulkner and Roiser); Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California (Dr Faulkner)
| | - Mar Matarin
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom (Drs Faulkner and Roiser); Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California (Dr Faulkner)
| | - Raymond J Dolan
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom (Drs Faulkner and Roiser); Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California (Dr Faulkner)
| | - Nick W Wood
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom (Drs Faulkner and Roiser); Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California (Dr Faulkner)
| | - Peter Dayan
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom (Drs Faulkner and Roiser); Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California (Dr Faulkner)
| | - Jonathan P Roiser
- Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit (Mr Mancinelli and Dr Dayan), and CoMPLEX Centre for Mathematics, Physics and Engineering in the Life Sciences and Experimental Biology (Mr Mancinelli), University College London, London, United Kingdom; Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (Dr Lockwood); Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Institute of Neurology (Dr Matarin), and Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging (Dr Dolan), University College London, London, United Kingdom; Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom (Dr Wood)
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21
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Pittenger C, Adams TG, Gallezot JD, Crowley MJ, Nabulsi N, Ropchan J, Gao H, Kichuk SA, Simpson R, Billingslea E, Hannestad J, Bloch M, Mayes L, Bhagwagar Z, Carson RE. OCD is associated with an altered association between sensorimotor gating and cortical and subcortical 5-HT1b receptor binding. J Affect Disord 2016; 196:87-96. [PMID: 26919057 PMCID: PMC4808438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by impaired sensorimotor gating, as measured using prepulse inhibition (PPI). This effect may be related to abnormalities in the serotonin (5-HT) system. 5-HT1B agonists can impair PPI, produce OCD-like behaviors in animals, and exacerbate OCD symptoms in humans. We measured 5-HT1B receptor availability using (11)C-P943 positron emission tomography (PET) in unmedicated, non-depressed OCD patients (n=12) and matched healthy controls (HC; n=12). Usable PPI data were obtained from 20 of these subjects (10 from each group). There were no significant main effects of OCD diagnosis on 5-HT1B receptor availability ((11)C-P943 BPND); however, the relationship between PPI and (11)C-P943 BPND differed dramatically and significantly between groups. 5-HT1B receptor availability in the basal ganglia and thalamus correlated positively with PPI in controls; these correlations were lost or even reversed in the OCD group. In cortical regions there were no significant correlations with PPI in controls, but widespread positive correlations in OCD patients. Positive correlations between 5-HT1B receptor availability and PPI were consistent across diagnostic groups only in two structures, the orbitofrontal cortex and the amygdala. Differential associations of 5-HT1B receptor availability with PPI in patients suggest functionally important alterations in the serotonergic regulation of cortical/subcortical balance in OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Pittenger
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, USA; Department of Psychology, Yale University School of Medicine, USA; Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, USA.
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22
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Abstract
Aggression and violence represent a significant public health concern and a clinical challenge for the mental healthcare provider. A great deal has been revealed regarding the neurobiology of violence and aggression, and an integration of this body of knowledge will ultimately serve to advance clinical diagnostics and therapeutic interventions. We will review here the latest findings regarding the neurobiology of aggression and violence. First, we will introduce the construct of aggression, with a focus on issues related to its heterogeneity, as well as the importance of refining the aggression phenotype in order to reduce pathophysiologic variability. Next we will examine the neuroanatomy of aggression and violence, focusing on regional volumes, functional studies, and interregional connectivity. Significant emphasis will be on the amygdala, as well as amygdala-frontal circuitry. Then we will turn our attention to the neurochemistry and molecular genetics of aggression and violence, examining the extensive findings on the serotonergic system, as well as the growing literature on the dopaminergic and vasopressinergic systems. We will also address the contribution of steroid hormones, namely, cortisol and testosterone. Finally, we will summarize these findings with a focus on reconciling inconsistencies and potential clinical implications; and, then we will suggest areas of focus for future directions in the field.
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23
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Nautiyal KM, Tanaka KF, Barr MM, Tritschler L, Le Dantec Y, David DJ, Gardier AM, Blanco C, Hen R, Ahmari SE. Distinct Circuits Underlie the Effects of 5-HT1B Receptors on Aggression and Impulsivity. Neuron 2015; 86:813-26. [PMID: 25892302 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Impulsive and aggressive behaviors are both modulated by serotonergic signaling, specifically through the serotonin 1B receptor (5-HT1BR). 5-HT1BR knockout mice show increased aggression and impulsivity, and 5-HT1BR polymorphisms are associated with aggression and drug addiction in humans. To dissect the mechanisms by which the 5-HT1BR affects these phenotypes, we developed a mouse model to spatially and temporally regulate 5-HT1BR expression. Our results demonstrate that forebrain 5-HT1B heteroreceptors expressed during an early postnatal period contribute to the development of the neural systems underlying adult aggression. However, distinct heteroreceptors acting during adulthood are involved in mediating impulsivity. Correlating with the impulsivity, dopamine in the nucleus accumbens is elevated in the absence of 5-HT1BRs and normalized following adult rescue of the receptor. Overall, these data show that while adolescent expression of 5-HT1BRs influences aggressive behavior, a distinct set of 5-HT1B receptors modulates impulsive behavior during adulthood.
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MESH Headings
- Actins/genetics
- Actins/metabolism
- Aggression/physiology
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Brain/anatomy & histology
- Brain/growth & development
- Brain/metabolism
- Choice Behavior/physiology
- Conditioning, Operant/drug effects
- Conditioning, Operant/physiology
- Dopamine/metabolism
- Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Doxycycline/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/physiology
- Impulsive Behavior/physiology
- Iodine Isotopes/pharmacokinetics
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Pindolol/analogs & derivatives
- Pindolol/pharmacokinetics
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Protein Binding/drug effects
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B/genetics
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B/metabolism
- Serotonin/metabolism
- Serotonin Antagonists/pharmacokinetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Nautiyal
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Integrative Neuroscience, the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Kenji F Tanaka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160 8582, Japan
| | - Mary M Barr
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Laurent Tritschler
- Université Paris-Sud, INSERM UMR-S 1178, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry 92296, France
| | - Yannick Le Dantec
- Université Paris-Sud, INSERM UMR-S 1178, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry 92296, France
| | - Denis J David
- Université Paris-Sud, INSERM UMR-S 1178, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry 92296, France
| | - Alain M Gardier
- Université Paris-Sud, INSERM UMR-S 1178, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry 92296, France
| | - Carlos Blanco
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Integrative Neuroscience, the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - René Hen
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Integrative Neuroscience, the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Susanne E Ahmari
- Department of Psychiatry, Translational Neuroscience Program, Center for Neuroscience Program, Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
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24
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Abstract
Addiction professionals and the public are recognizing that certain nonsubstance behaviors--such as gambling, Internet use, video-game playing, sex, eating, and shopping--bear resemblance to alcohol and drug dependence. Growing evidence suggests that these behaviors warrant consideration as nonsubstance or "behavioral" addictions and has led to the newly introduced diagnostic category "Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders" in DSM-5. At present, only gambling disorder has been placed in this category, with insufficient data for other proposed behavioral addictions to justify their inclusion. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of behavioral addictions, describes treatment considerations, and addresses future directions. Current evidence points to overlaps between behavioral and substance-related addictions in phenomenology, epidemiology, comorbidity, neurobiological mechanisms, genetic contributions, responses to treatments, and prevention efforts. Differences also exist. Recognizing behavioral addictions and developing appropriate diagnostic criteria are important in order to increase awareness of these disorders and to further prevention and treatment strategies.
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Saricicek A, Chen J, Planeta B, Ruf B, Subramanyam K, Maloney K, Matuskey D, Labaree D, Deserno L, Neumeister A, Krystal JH, Gallezot JD, Huang Y, Carson RE, Bhagwagar Z. Test-retest reliability of the novel 5-HT1B receptor PET radioligand [11C]P943. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2014; 42:468-77. [PMID: 25427881 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-014-2958-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE [(11)C]P943 is a novel, highly selective 5-HT1B PET radioligand. The aim of this study was to determine the test-retest reliability of [(11)C]P943 using two different modeling methods and to perform a power analysis with each quantification technique. METHODS Seven healthy volunteers underwent two PET scans on the same day. Regions of interest (ROIs) were the amygdala, hippocampus, pallidum, putamen, insula, frontal, anterior cingulate, parietal, temporal and occipital cortices, and cerebellum. Two multilinear radioligand quantification techniques were used to estimate binding potential: MA1, using arterial input function data, and the second version of the multilinear reference tissue model analysis (MRTM2), using the cerebellum as the reference region. Between-scan percent variability and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were used to assess test-retest reliability. We also performed power analyses to determine the method that would allow the least number of subjects using within-subject or between-subject study designs. A voxel-wise ICC analysis for MRTM2 BPND was performed for the whole brain and all the ROIs studied. RESULTS Mean percent variability between two scans across regions ranged between 0.4 % and 12.4 % for MA1 BPND, 0.5 % and 11.5 % for MA1 BPP, 16.7 % and 28.3 % for MA1 BPF, and between 0.2 % and 5.4 % for MRTM2 BPND. The power analyses showed a greater number of subjects were required using MA1 BPF compared with other outcome measures for both within-subject and between-subject study designs. ICC values were the highest using MRTM2 BPND and the lowest with MA1 BPF in ten ROIs. Small regions and regions with low binding had lower ICC values than large regions and regions with high binding. CONCLUSION Reliable measures of 5-HT1B receptor binding can be obtained using the novel PET radioligand [(11)C]P943. Quantification of 5-HT1B receptor binding with MRTM2 BPND and with MA1 BPP provided the least variability and optimal power for within-subject and between-subject designs.
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Matuskey D, Bhagwagar Z, Planeta B, Pittman B, Gallezot JD, Chen J, Wanyiri J, Najafzadeh S, Ropchan J, Geha P, Huang Y, Potenza MN, Neumeister A, Carson RE, Malison RT. Reductions in brain 5-HT1B receptor availability in primarily cocaine-dependent humans. Biol Psychiatry 2014; 76:816-22. [PMID: 24433854 PMCID: PMC4037398 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical evidence implicates the serotonin receptor 5-hydroxytryptamine 1B (5-HT1B) in the effects of cocaine. This study explores 5-HT1B in humans by examining receptor availability in vivo in subjects whose primary addiction is cocaine dependence (CD) using positron emission tomography. METHODS Study participants included 14 medically healthy subjects with CD (mean age = 41 ± 6 years) who were compared with 14 age-matched healthy control subjects (mean age = 41 ± 8 years) with no past or current history of cocaine or other illicit substance abuse. Participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging followed by positron emission tomography with the highly selective 5-HT1B tracer, [(11)C]P943, for purposes of quantifying regional binding potential. Voxel-based morphometry and gray matter masking also were employed to control for potential partial volume effects. RESULTS The [(11)C]P943 positron emission tomography imaging data in nine candidate regions (amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex, caudate, frontal cortex, hypothalamus, pallidum, putamen, thalamus, and ventral striatum) showed significant or nearly significant reductions of regional binding potential in subjects with CD in three regions: anterior cingulate (-16%, p < .01), hypothalamus (-16%, p = .03), and frontal cortex (-7%, p = .08). Voxel-based morphometry showed significant gray matter reductions in the frontal cortex of subjects with CD. After gray matter masking, statistically significant reductions in the [(11)C]P943 regional binding potential were either retained (anterior cingulate, -14%, p = .01; hypothalamus, -20%, p < .01) or achieved (frontal cortex, -14%, p < .01). Whole-brain voxel-wise parameter estimation confirmed these results. Secondary analyses were also significant in some regions for years of cocaine and daily tobacco use. CONCLUSIONS The reductions found in this study suggest that 5-HT1B receptors may contribute to the etiology or expression of CD and potentially represent a target for medication development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Matuskey
- Departments of Psychiatry (DM, ZB, BPi, JC, JW, PG, MNP, RTM); Diagnostic Radiology (DM, BPl, J-DG, SN, JR, YH, REC), Yale University, New Haven.
| | - Zubin Bhagwagar
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University,Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jason Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University
| | | | | | - Jim Ropchan
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University
| | - Paul Geha
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University
| | | | - Alexander Neumeister
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Potenza MN. The neural bases of cognitive processes in gambling disorder. Trends Cogn Sci 2014; 18:429-38. [PMID: 24961632 PMCID: PMC4112163 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Functional imaging is offering powerful new tools to investigate the neurobiology of cognitive functioning in people with and without psychiatric conditions like gambling disorder. Based on similarities between gambling and substance-use disorders in neurocognitive and other domains, gambling disorder has recently been classified in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th edn) (DSM-5) as a behavioral addiction. Despite the advances in understanding, there exist multiple unanswered questions about the pathophysiology underlying gambling disorder and the promise for translating the neurobiological understanding into treatment advances remains largely unrealized. Here we review the neurocognitive underpinnings of gambling disorder with a view to improving prevention, treatment, and policy efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Yamanaka H, Yokoyama C, Mizuma H, Kurai S, Finnema SJ, Halldin C, Doi H, Onoe H. A possible mechanism of the nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum 5-HT1B receptors underlying the antidepressant action of ketamine: a PET study with macaques. Transl Psychiatry 2014; 4:e342. [PMID: 24399045 PMCID: PMC3905222 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2013.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketamine is a unique anesthetic reagent known to produce various psychotic symptoms. Ketamine has recently been reported to elicit a long-lasting antidepressant effect in patients with major depression. Although recent studies provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of the effects of ketamine, the antidepressant mechanism has not been fully elucidated. To understand the involvement of the brain serotonergic system in the actions of ketamine, we performed a positron emission tomography (PET) study on non-human primates. Four rhesus monkeys underwent PET studies with two serotonin (5-HT)-related PET radioligands, [(11)C]AZ10419369 and [(11)C]DASB, which are highly selective for the 5-HT1B receptor and serotonin transporter (SERT), respectively. Voxel-based analysis using standardized brain images revealed that ketamine administration significantly increased 5-HT1B receptor binding in the nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum, whereas it significantly reduced SERT binding in these brain regions. Fenfluramine, a 5-HT releaser, significantly decreased 5-HT1B receptor binding, but no additional effect was observed when it was administered with ketamine. Furthermore, pretreatment with 2,3-dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline (NBQX), a potent antagonist of the glutamate α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptor, blocked the action of ketamine on the 5-HT1B receptor but not SERT binding. This indicates the involvement of AMPA receptor activation in ketamine-induced alterations of 5-HT1B receptor binding. Because NBQX is known to block the antidepressant effect of ketamine in rodents, alterations in the serotonergic neurotransmission, particularly upregulation of postsynaptic 5-HT1B receptors in the nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum may be critically involved in the antidepressant action of ketamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yamanaka
- Bio-Function Imaging Team, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - C Yokoyama
- Bio-Function Imaging Team, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - H Mizuma
- Bio-Function Imaging Team, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - S Kurai
- Labelling Chemistry Team, Division of Bio-function Dynamics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - S J Finnema
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Halldin
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - H Doi
- Labelling Chemistry Team, Division of Bio-function Dynamics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - H Onoe
- Bio-Function Imaging Team, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan,Bio-Function Imaging Team, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan. E-mail:
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Potenza MN. How central is dopamine to pathological gambling or gambling disorder? Front Behav Neurosci 2013; 7:206. [PMID: 24391562 PMCID: PMC3870289 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marc N. Potenza
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurobiology, and Child Study Center, Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, CT, USA
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Potenza MN, Balodis IM, Franco CA, Bullock S, Xu J, Chung T, Grant JE. Neurobiological considerations in understanding behavioral treatments for pathological gambling. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2013; 27:380-92. [PMID: 23586456 PMCID: PMC3700568 DOI: 10.1037/a0032389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pathological gambling (PG), a disorder currently categorized as an impulse-control disorder but being considered as a nonsubstance addiction in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.) discussions, represents a significant public health concern. Over the past decade, considerable advances have been made with respect to understanding the biological underpinnings of PG. Research has also demonstrated the efficacies of multiple treatments, particularly behavioral therapies, for treating PG. Despite these advances, relatively little is known regarding how biological measures, particularly those assessing brain function, relate to treatments for PG. In this article, we present a conceptual review focusing on the neurobiology of behavioral therapies for PG. To illustrate issues related to study design, we present proof-of-concept preliminary data that link Stroop-related brain activations prior to treatment onset to treatment outcome in individuals with PG receiving a cognitive-behavioral treatment incorporating aspects of imaginal desensitization and motivational interviewing. We conclude with recommendations about current and future directions regarding how to incorporate and translate biological findings into improved therapies for individuals with nonsubstance and substance addictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.
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Leeman RF, Potenza MN. A targeted review of the neurobiology and genetics of behavioural addictions: an emerging area of research. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2013; 58:260-73. [PMID: 23756286 PMCID: PMC3762982 DOI: 10.1177/070674371305800503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes neurobiological and genetic findings in behavioural addictions, draws parallels with findings pertaining to substance use disorders, and offers suggestions for future research. Articles concerning brain function, neurotransmitter activity, and family history and (or) genetic findings for behavioural addictions involving gambling, Internet use, video game playing, shopping, kleptomania, and sexual activity were reviewed. Behavioural addictions involve dysfunction in several brain regions, particularly the frontal cortex and striatum. Findings from imaging studies incorporating cognitive tasks have arguably been more consistent than cue-induction studies. Early results suggest white and grey matter differences. Neurochemical findings suggest roles for dopaminergic and serotonergic systems, but results from clinical trials seem more equivocal. While limited, family history and genetic data support heritability for pathological gambling and that people with behavioural addictions are more likely to have a close family member with some form of psychopathology. Parallels exist between neurobiological and genetic and family history findings in substance and nonsubstance addictions, suggesting that compulsive engagement in these behaviours may constitute addictions. To date, findings are limited, particularly for shopping, kleptomania, and sexual behaviour. Genetic understandings are at an early stage. Future research directions are offered.
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MESH Headings
- Behavior, Addictive/classification
- Behavior, Addictive/genetics
- Behavior, Addictive/metabolism
- Behavior, Addictive/physiopathology
- Behavioral Research/methods
- Brain/metabolism
- Brain/physiopathology
- Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders/classification
- Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders/diagnosis
- Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders/genetics
- Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders/metabolism
- Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders/psychology
- Functional Neuroimaging/methods
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Genetics, Behavioral/methods
- Humans
- Neurobiology/methods
- Neuropsychology/methods
- Neurotransmitter Agents/classification
- Neurotransmitter Agents/metabolism
- Substance-Related Disorders/metabolism
- Substance-Related Disorders/physiopathology
- Substance-Related Disorders/psychology
- Synaptic Transmission/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Leeman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Potenza MN, Brody AL. Commentary on Boileau et al. (2013): Distinguishing D2/D3 dopaminergic contributions to addictions. Addiction 2013; 108:964-5. [PMID: 23587083 PMCID: PMC3732166 DOI: 10.1111/add.12119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc N. Potenza
- Departments of Psychiatry, Child Study, and Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT 6519, USA
| | - Arthur L. Brody
- Departments of Psychiatry, UCLA School of Medicine and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA CA 90095, USA
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Potenza MN. Biological contributions to addictions in adolescents and adults: prevention, treatment, and policy implications. J Adolesc Health 2013; 52:S22-32. [PMID: 23332567 PMCID: PMC3935152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite significant advances in our understanding of the biological bases of addictions, these disorders continue to represent a huge public health burden that is associated with substantial personal suffering. Efforts to target addictions require consideration of how the improved biological understanding of addictions may lead to improved prevention, treatment, and policy initiatives. METHOD In this article, we provide a narrative review of current biological models for addictions with a goal of placing existing data and theories within a translational and developmental framework targeting the advancement of prevention, treatment, and policy strategies. RESULTS Data regarding individual differences, intermediary phenotypes, and main and interactive influences of genetic and environmental contributions in the setting of developmental trajectories that may be influenced by addictive drugs or behavior indicate complex underpinnings of addictions. CONCLUSIONS Consideration and further elucidation of the biological etiologies of addictions hold significant potential for making important gains and reducing the public health impact of addictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
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Zakeri K, Potenza MN. The Neuropsychopharmacology of Pathological Gambling. CURRENT PSYCHIATRY REVIEWS 2012; 8:10.2174/157340012798994911. [PMID: 24288522 PMCID: PMC3840429 DOI: 10.2174/157340012798994911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Pathological gambling (PG) is an impulse control disorder with prevalence estimates in the range of 0.2-2% in the general population. PG can significantly impact one's ability to function as it may negatively influence social, financial, and occupational aspects of life. Historically, PG has received relatively little attention from researchers and clinicians, and few treatments, particularly pharmacological, have been both validated and widely employed. Given the clinical relevance of PG, it is important that researchers examine pharmacological and behavioral treatments for their safety and efficacy and that clinicians use empirically validated therapies. Multiple neurochemicals, including serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, and opioids, and related neurocircuitry, particularly ventral cortico-striatal pathways, have been implicated in PG. The neurobiological rationale for therapies, particularly pharmacological ones, is reviewed with a perspective on the generation of improved prevention and treatment strategies for PG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kourosh Zakeri
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine
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35
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Leeman RF, Potenza MN. Similarities and differences between pathological gambling and substance use disorders: a focus on impulsivity and compulsivity. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2012; 219:469-90. [PMID: 22057662 PMCID: PMC3249521 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-011-2550-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Pathological gambling (PG) has recently been considered as a "behavioral" or nonsubstance addiction. A comparison of the characteristics of PG and substance use disorders (SUDs) has clinical ramifications and could help advance future research on these conditions. Specific relationships with impulsivity and compulsivity may be central to understanding PG and SUDs. OBJECTIVES This review was conducted to compare and contrast research findings in PG and SUDs pertaining to neurocognitive tasks, brain function, and neurochemistry, with a focus on impulsivity and compulsivity. RESULTS Multiple similarities were found between PG and SUDs, including poor performance on neurocognitive tasks, specifically with respect to impulsive choice and response tendencies and compulsive features (e.g., response perseveration and action with diminished relationship to goals or reward). Findings suggest dysfunction involving similar brain regions, including the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and striatum and similar neurotransmitter systems, including dopaminergic and serotonergic. Unique features exist which may in part reflect influences of acute or chronic exposures to specific substances. CONCLUSIONS Both similarities and differences exist between PG and SUDs. Understanding these similarities more precisely may facilitate treatment development across addictions, whereas understanding differences may provide insight into treatment development for specific disorders. Individual differences in features of impulsivity and compulsivity may represent important endophenotypic targets for prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Leeman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, CMHC, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06405, USA.
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Hamilton KR, Potenza MN. Relations among delay discounting, addictions, and money mismanagement: implications and future directions. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2012; 38:30-42. [PMID: 22211535 PMCID: PMC3691101 DOI: 10.3109/00952990.2011.643978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delay discounting is a reduction in the subjective value of a delayed outcome. Elevated delay discounting is a type of impulsivity that is associated with harmful behaviors, including substance abuse and financial mismanagement. METHODS Elevated delay discounting as related to addiction and financial mismanagement was reviewed from psychological, neurobiological, and behavioral economic perspectives. RESULTS Addiction and financial mismanagement frequently co-occur, and elevated delay discounting may be a common mechanism contributing to both of these problematic behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Future research on the relationships between delay discounting, substance abuse, and financial mismanagement can provide important insights for developing improved prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen R Hamilton
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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