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Fenili G, Scaricamazza S, Ferri A, Valle C, Paronetto MP. Physical exercise in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a potential co-adjuvant therapeutic option to counteract disease progression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1421566. [PMID: 39156974 PMCID: PMC11327861 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1421566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal disorder characterized by the selective degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons, leading to progressive muscle weakness and atrophy. The mean survival time is two to five years. Although the hunt for drugs has greatly advanced over the past decade, no cure is available for ALS yet. The role of intense physical activity in the etiology of ALS has been debated for several decades without reaching a clear conclusion. The benefits of organized physical activity on fitness and mental health have been widely described. Indeed, by acting on specific mechanisms, physical activity can influence the physiology of several chronic conditions. It was shown to improve skeletal muscle metabolism and regeneration, neurogenesis, mitochondrial biogenesis, and antioxidant defense. Interestingly, all these pathways are involved in ALS pathology. This review will provide a broad overview of the effect of different exercise protocols on the onset and progression of ALS, both in humans and in animal models. Furthermore, we will discuss challenges and opportunities to exploit physiological responses of imposed exercise training for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmarco Fenili
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Scaricamazza
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Ferri
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiana Valle
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Paronetto
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Carrera-Juliá S, Obrador E, López-Blanch R, Oriol-Caballo M, Moreno-Murciano P, Estrela JM. Ketogenic effect of coconut oil in ALS patients. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1429498. [PMID: 39086545 PMCID: PMC11289842 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1429498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
A recent pilot study in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients analyzed the effect of a Mediterranean diet (MeDi) supplemented with nicotinamide riboside (NR, a NAD+ promoter), pterostilbene (PTER, a natural antioxidant) and/or coconut oil on anthropometric variables in ALS patients. The results suggested that the MeDi supplemented with NR, PTER and coconut oil is the nutritional intervention showing the greatest benefits at anthropometric levels. Over the last 30 years, glucose intolerance has been reported in ALS patients. Thus, suggesting that an alternative source of energy may be preferential for motor neurons to survive. Ketone bodies (KBs), provided through a MeDi with a lower carbohydrate content but enriched with medium chain triglycerides, could be a therapeutic alternative to improve the neuromotor alterations associated with the disease. Nevertheless, the use of a coconut oil-supplemented diet, as potentially ketogenic, is a matter of controversy. In the present report we show that a MeDi supplemented with coconut oil increases the levels of circulating KBs in ALS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Carrera-Juliá
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Obrador
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Scientia BioTech, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael López-Blanch
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Scientia BioTech, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Paz Moreno-Murciano
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Scientia BioTech, Valencia, Spain
| | - José M. Estrela
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Scientia BioTech, Valencia, Spain
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3
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Gray E, Menadue C, Piper A, Wong K, Kiernan M, Yee B. Hypercapnia is not excluded by normoxia in neuromuscular disease patients: implications for oximetry. ERJ Open Res 2024; 10:00927-2023. [PMID: 39010884 PMCID: PMC11247367 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00927-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Pulse oximetry is widely used in the assessment of chronic respiratory failure in neuromuscular disease (NMD) patients. Chronic respiratory failure is the major cause of morbidity and mortality, necessitating early diagnosis and intervention. Guidelines suggest that an arterial blood gas (ABG) measurement is indicated if oxygen saturation (S pO2 ) is ≤94% in the absence of lung disease. However, hypercapnia with normoxia (S pO2 ≥95%) has been observed on ABGs of patients with NMD, in particular those with motor neurone disease. Methods A single-centre retrospective audit of room-air ABGs in stable hypercapnic chronic respiratory failure patients from 1990 to 2020 was performed. Patients with parenchymal lung disease were excluded. Patients were grouped into three main categories: non-NMD, other NMD and motor neurone disease. Findings 297 ABGs with hypercapnia from 180 patients with extrinsic restrictive lung disease were analysed. No patients with non-NMD, 54% of patients with other NMD and 36% of motor neurone disease patients demonstrated hypercapnia with normoxia (Chi-squared 61.33; p<0.001). The potential mechanism is proposed to be a difference in calculated respiratory quotient. If the alveolar-arterial gradient is assumed to be normal, the calculated respiratory quotient was significantly higher in motor neurone disease patients and other NMD patients compared with non-NMD patients (estimated marginal mean 0.99, 95% CI 0.94-1.03; 0.86 0.76-0.96; 0.73, 0.63-0.83, respectively; p<0.001) by mixed-model analysis. Interpretation Hypercapnia is not excluded with normal oximetry in NMD patients and may be due to an elevated respiratory quotient. This has implications in the diagnosis and monitoring of respiratory insufficiency in NMD patients with oximetry alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Gray
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia
- Central Clinical Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Collette Menadue
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Amanda Piper
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Keith Wong
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia
- Central Clinical Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
- Sleep Research Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, Australia
| | - Matthew Kiernan
- Central Clinical Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Brendon Yee
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia
- Central Clinical Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
- Sleep Research Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, Australia
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4
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Shen J, Wang X, Wang M, Zhang H. Potential molecular mechanism of exercise reversing insulin resistance and improving neurodegenerative diseases. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1337442. [PMID: 38818523 PMCID: PMC11137309 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1337442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are debilitating nervous system disorders attributed to various conditions such as body aging, gene mutations, genetic factors, and immune system disorders. Prominent neurodegenerative diseases include Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis. Insulin resistance refers to the inability of the peripheral and central tissues of the body to respond to insulin and effectively regulate blood sugar levels. Insulin resistance has been observed in various neurodegenerative diseases and has been suggested to induce the occurrence, development, and exacerbation of neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, an increasing number of studies have suggested that reversing insulin resistance may be a critical intervention for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Among the numerous measures available to improve insulin sensitivity, exercise is a widely accepted strategy due to its convenience, affordability, and significant impact on increasing insulin sensitivity. This review examines the association between neurodegenerative diseases and insulin resistance and highlights the molecular mechanisms by which exercise can reverse insulin resistance under these conditions. The focus was on regulating insulin resistance through exercise and providing practical ideas and suggestions for future research focused on exercise-induced insulin sensitivity in the context of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Shen
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Xianping Wang
- School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Minghui Wang
- College of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- College of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
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5
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Moțățăianu A, Mănescu IB, Șerban G, Bărcuțean L, Ion V, Bălașa R, Andone S. Exploring the Role of Metabolic Hormones in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5059. [PMID: 38791099 PMCID: PMC11121721 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of motor neurons. Emerging evidence suggests a potential link between metabolic dysregulation and ALS pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between metabolic hormones and disease progression in ALS patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 44 ALS patients recruited from a tertiary care center. Serum levels of insulin, total amylin, C-peptide, active ghrelin, GIP (gastric inhibitory peptide), GLP-1 active (glucagon-like peptide-1), glucagon, PYY (peptide YY), PP (pancreatic polypeptide), leptin, interleukin-6, MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), and TNFα (tumor necrosis factor alpha) were measured, and correlations with ALSFRS-R, evolution scores, and biomarkers were analyzed using Spearman correlation coefficients. Subgroup analyses based on ALS subtypes, progression pattern of disease, and disease progression rate patterns were performed. Significant correlations were observed between metabolic hormones and ALS evolution scores. Insulin and amylin exhibited strong correlations with disease progression and clinical functional outcomes, with insulin showing particularly robust associations. Other hormones such as C-peptide, leptin, and GLP-1 also showed correlations with ALS progression and functional status. Subgroup analyses revealed differences in hormone levels based on sex and disease evolution patterns, with male patients showing higher amylin and glucagon levels. ALS patients with slower disease progression exhibited elevated levels of amylin and insulin. Our findings suggest a potential role for metabolic hormones in modulating ALS progression and functional outcomes. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and explore the therapeutic implications of targeting metabolic pathways in ALS management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Moțățăianu
- Department of Neurology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș ‘George Emil Palade’, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania
- 1st Neurology Clinic, Mures County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Ion Bogdan Mănescu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș ‘George Emil Palade’, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Georgiana Șerban
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș ‘George Emil Palade’, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Laura Bărcuțean
- Department of Neurology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș ‘George Emil Palade’, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania
- 1st Neurology Clinic, Mures County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Valentin Ion
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș ‘George Emil Palade’, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania
- Drug Testing Laboratory, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș ‘George Emil Palade’, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Rodica Bălașa
- Department of Neurology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș ‘George Emil Palade’, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania
- 1st Neurology Clinic, Mures County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Sebastian Andone
- Department of Neurology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș ‘George Emil Palade’, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania
- 1st Neurology Clinic, Mures County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania
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Brown A, Armon C, Barkhaus P, Beauchamp M, Bertorini T, Bromberg M, Cadavid JM, Carter GT, Crayle J, Feldman EL, Heiman-Patterson T, Jhooty S, Linares A, Li X, Mallon E, Mcdermott C, Mushannen T, Nathaniel G, Pattee G, Pierce K, Ratner D, Slactova L, Wicks P, Bedlack R. ALSUntangled #72: Insulin. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2024; 25:416-419. [PMID: 38018119 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2023.2288110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
ALSUntangled reviews alternative and off-label treatments for people living with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (PALS). Here we review insulin, which has at least one plausible mechanism for slowing ALS progression. However, pre-clinical studies are limited and there have been no trials in PALS yet. Insulin use in patients without a metabolic need may cause very serious and potentially lethal side effects. While further studies to evaluate potential benefits may be warranted, at this time we cannot endorse insulin treatment to slow ALS progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Brown
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Carmel Armon
- Department of Neurology, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Paul Barkhaus
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Tulio Bertorini
- Neurology Department, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mark Bromberg
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Gregory T Carter
- Department of Rehabilitation, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | | | - Eva L Feldman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Sartaj Jhooty
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Neurology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Gary Pattee
- Department of Neurology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Pierce
- Department of Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dylan Ratner
- Undergraduate, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Lenka Slactova
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic, and
| | - Paul Wicks
- Independent Consultant, Lichfield, England, UK
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Eisen A, Nedergaard M, Gray E, Kiernan MC. The glymphatic system and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Prog Neurobiol 2024; 234:102571. [PMID: 38266701 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2024.102571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The glymphatic system and the meningeal lymphatic vessels provide a pathway for transport of solutes and clearance of toxic material from the brain. Of specific relevance to ALS, this is applicable for TDP-43 and glutamate, both major elements in disease pathogenesis. Flow is propelled by arterial pulsation, respiration, posture, as well as the positioning and proportion of aquaporin-4 channels (AQP4). Non-REM slow wave sleep is the is key to glymphatic drainage which discontinues during wakefulness. In Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, sleep impairment is known to predate the development of characteristic clinical features by several years and is associated with progressive accumulation of toxic proteinaceous products. While sleep issues are well described in ALS, consideration of preclinical sleep impairment or the potential of a failing glymphatic system in ALS has rarely been considered. Here we review how the glymphatic system may impact ALS. Preclinical sleep impairment as an unrecognized major risk factor for ALS is considered, while potential therapeutic options to improve glymphatic flow are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Eisen
- Department of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical School and Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emma Gray
- Department of Neurology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and University of Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
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Irwin KE, Sheth U, Wong PC, Gendron TF. Fluid biomarkers for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a review. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:9. [PMID: 38267984 PMCID: PMC10809579 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00685-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of upper and lower motor neurons. Presently, three FDA-approved drugs are available to help slow functional decline for patients with ALS, but no cure yet exists. With an average life expectancy of only two to five years after diagnosis, there is a clear need for biomarkers to improve the care of patients with ALS and to expedite ALS treatment development. Here, we provide a review of the efforts made towards identifying diagnostic, prognostic, susceptibility/risk, and response fluid biomarkers with the intent to facilitate a more rapid and accurate ALS diagnosis, to better predict prognosis, to improve clinical trial design, and to inform interpretation of clinical trial results. Over the course of 20 + years, several promising fluid biomarker candidates for ALS have emerged. These will be discussed, as will the exciting new strategies being explored for ALS biomarker discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Irwin
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Udit Sheth
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Philip C Wong
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Tania F Gendron
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
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Moțățăianu A, Șerban G, Andone S. The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Microbiota-Gut-Brain Cross-Talk with a Focus on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15094. [PMID: 37894774 PMCID: PMC10606032 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a devastating neurodegenerative disease characterized by the gradual loss of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord, leading to progressive motor function decline. Unfortunately, there is no effective treatment, and its increasing prevalence is linked to an aging population, improved diagnostics, heightened awareness, and changing lifestyles. In the gastrointestinal system, the gut microbiota plays a vital role in producing metabolites, neurotransmitters, and immune molecules. Short-chain fatty acids, of interest for their potential health benefits, are influenced by a fiber- and plant-based diet, promoting a diverse and balanced gut microbiome. These fatty acids impact the body by binding to receptors on enteroendocrine cells, influencing hormones like glucagon-like peptide-1 and peptide YY, which regulate appetite and insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, these fatty acids impact the blood-brain barrier, neurotransmitter levels, and neurotrophic factors, and directly stimulate vagal afferent nerves, affecting gut-brain communication. The vagus nerve is a crucial link between the gut and the brain, transmitting signals related to appetite, inflammation, and various processes. Dysregulation of this pathway can contribute to conditions like obesity and irritable bowel syndrome. Emerging evidence suggests the complex interplay among these fatty acids, the gut microbiota, and environmental factors influences neurodegenerative processes via interconnected pathways, including immune function, anti-inflammation, gut barrier, and energy metabolism. Embracing a balanced, fiber-rich diet may foster a diverse gut microbiome, potentially impacting neurodegenerative disease risk. Comprehensive understanding requires further research into interventions targeting the gut microbiome and fatty acid production and their potential therapeutic role in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Moțățăianu
- 1st Neurology Clinic, Mures County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 540136 Târgu Mures, Romania
- Department of Neurology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures ‘George Emil Palade’, 540142 Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Georgiana Șerban
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures ‘George Emil Palade’, 540142 Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Sebastian Andone
- 1st Neurology Clinic, Mures County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 540136 Târgu Mures, Romania
- Department of Neurology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures ‘George Emil Palade’, 540142 Târgu Mures, Romania
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10
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Kulichikhin KY, Malikova OA, Zobnina AE, Zalutskaya NM, Rubel AA. Interaction of Proteins Involved in Neuronal Proteinopathies. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1954. [PMID: 37895336 PMCID: PMC10608209 DOI: 10.3390/life13101954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteinopathy is characterized by the accumulation of aggregates of a specific protein in a target organ, tissue, or cell. The aggregation of the same protein can cause different pathologies as single protein can adopt various amyloidogenic, disease-specific conformations. The conformation governs the interaction of amyloid aggregates with other proteins that are prone to misfolding and, thus, determines disease-specific spectrum of concomitant pathologies. In this regard, a detailed description of amyloid protein conformation as well as spectrum of its interaction with other proteins become a key point for drafting of precise description of the disease. The majority of clinical cases of neuronal proteinopathies is caused by the aggregation of rather limited range of amyloidogenic proteins. Here, we provided the characterization of pathologies, related to the aggregation of amyloid β peptide, tau protein, α-synuclein, TDP-43, and amylin, giving a short description of pathologies themselves, recent advances in elucidation of misfolded protein conformation, with emphasis on those protein aggregates extracted from biological samples, what is known about the interaction of this proteins, and the influence of this interaction on the progression of underlying disease and comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Y. Kulichikhin
- Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (O.A.M.); (A.E.Z.)
| | - Oksana A. Malikova
- Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (O.A.M.); (A.E.Z.)
| | - Anastasia E. Zobnina
- Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (O.A.M.); (A.E.Z.)
| | - Natalia M. Zalutskaya
- V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, 192019 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Aleksandr A. Rubel
- Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (O.A.M.); (A.E.Z.)
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11
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Maksimovic K, Youssef M, You J, Sung HK, Park J. Evidence of Metabolic Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Patients and Animal Models. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050863. [PMID: 37238732 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects motor neurons, leading to muscle weakness, paralysis, and eventual death. Research from the past few decades has appreciated that ALS is not only a disease of the motor neurons but also a disease that involves systemic metabolic dysfunction. This review will examine the foundational research of understanding metabolic dysfunction in ALS and provide an overview of past and current studies in ALS patients and animal models, spanning from full systems to various metabolic organs. While ALS-affected muscle tissue exhibits elevated energy demand and a fuel preference switch from glycolysis to fatty acid oxidation, adipose tissue in ALS undergoes increased lipolysis. Dysfunctions in the liver and pancreas contribute to impaired glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion. The central nervous system (CNS) displays abnormal glucose regulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and increased oxidative stress. Importantly, the hypothalamus, a brain region that controls whole-body metabolism, undergoes atrophy associated with pathological aggregates of TDP-43. This review will also cover past and present treatment options that target metabolic dysfunction in ALS and provide insights into the future of metabolism research in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Maksimovic
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Mohieldin Youssef
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Justin You
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Hoon-Ki Sung
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jeehye Park
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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Dorst J, Weydt P, Brenner D, Witzel S, Kandler K, Huss A, Herrmann C, Wiesenfarth M, Knehr A, Günther K, Müller K, Weishaupt JH, Prudlo J, Forsberg K, Andersen PM, Rosenbohm A, Schuster J, Roselli F, Dupuis L, Mayer B, Tumani H, Kassubek J, Ludolph AC. Metabolic alterations precede neurofilament changes in presymptomatic ALS gene carriers. EBioMedicine 2023; 90:104521. [PMID: 36917918 PMCID: PMC10024076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of potentially effective new therapies for genetic forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) necessitates the identification of biomarkers to facilitate early treatment, prior to the onset of motor symptoms. Here, we sought to investigate whether metabolic alterations are detectable in presymptomatic ALS gene mutation carriers, and whether such alterations precede neurofilament light chain (NfL) changes in serum. METHODS Between 02/2014 and 11/2021, we prospectively studied 60 presymptomatic ALS gene mutation carriers (40% male, age 48.7 ± 14.9; 28 C9orf72, 22 SOD1, 10 other) compared to 73 individuals from the same families (47% male, age 47.4 ± 12.9) without pathogenic mutations as controls. Bioimpedance analysis (BIA) and indirect calorimetry were performed, and Body Mass Index (BMI), Fat Mass (FM), Body Fat Percentage, Body Water (BW), Lean Body Mass (LBM), Extracellular Mass (ECM), Body Cell Mass (BCM), ECM/BCM ratio, Cells Percentage, Phase Angle, Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR), Metabolic Ratio (MR), and NfL were measured. Participants and evaluators were blinded regarding gene carrier status. FINDINGS Presymptomatic ALS gene carriers showed reduced LBM (p = 0.02), BCM (p = 0.004), Cells Percentage (p = 0.04), BW (p = 0.02), Phase Angle (p = 0.04), and increased ECM/BCM ratio (p = 0.04), consistently indicating a loss of metabolically active body cells. While in C9orf72 mutation carriers all tissue masses were reduced, only metabolically active tissue was affected in SOD1 mutation carriers. Unexpectedly, RMR (p = 0.009) and MR (p = 0.01) were lower in presymptomatic ALS gene carriers compared to non-carriers. NfL serum levels were similar in mutation carriers and non-carriers (p = 0.60). INTERPRETATION The observed metabolic phenomena might reflect reduced physical activity and/or preemptive, insufficient compensatory mechanisms to prepare for the later hypermetabolic state. As pre-symptomatic biomarkers we propose ECM/BCM ratio and Phase Angle for SOD1, and a 4-compartment affection in BIA for C9orf72 mutation carriers. FUNDING This work was an investigator-initiated trial. On the German side, there was no institutional or industrial funding. On the Swedish side, this work was supported by grants from the Swedish Brain Foundation (grants nr. 2013-0279, 2016-0303, 2018-0310, 2020-0353), the Swedish Research Council (grants nr. 2012-3167, 2017-03100), the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (grants nr. 2012.0091, 2014.0305, 2020.0232), the Ulla-Carin Lindquist Foundation, Umeå University (223-2808-12, 223-1881-13, 2.1.12-1605-14) and the Västerbotten County Council (grants nr 56103-7002829), King Gustaf V:s and Queen Victoria's Freemason's Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Dorst
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ulm, Germany.
| | - Patrick Weydt
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Gerontopsychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - David Brenner
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ulm, Germany
| | - Simon Witzel
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - André Huss
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Antje Knehr
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Kathrin Müller
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jochen H Weishaupt
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Johannes Prudlo
- Department of Neurology, Rostock University Medical Center, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
| | - Karin Forsberg
- Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Peter M Andersen
- Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Joachim Schuster
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ulm, Germany
| | - Francesco Roselli
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ulm, Germany
| | - Luc Dupuis
- Inserm, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Benjamin Mayer
- Institute for Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hayrettin Tumani
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan Kassubek
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ulm, Germany
| | - Albert C Ludolph
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ulm, Germany
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13
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Stacpoole PW, McCall CE. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex: Life's essential, vulnerable and druggable energy homeostat. Mitochondrion 2023; 70:59-102. [PMID: 36863425 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Found in all organisms, pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes (PDC) are the keystones of prokaryotic and eukaryotic energy metabolism. In eukaryotic organisms these multi-component megacomplexes provide a crucial mechanistic link between cytoplasmic glycolysis and the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. As a consequence, PDCs also influence the metabolism of branched chain amino acids, lipids and, ultimately, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). PDC activity is an essential determinant of the metabolic and bioenergetic flexibility of metazoan organisms in adapting to changes in development, nutrient availability and various stresses that challenge maintenance of homeostasis. This canonical role of the PDC has been extensively probed over the past decades by multidisciplinary investigations into its causal association with diverse physiological and pathological conditions, the latter making the PDC an increasingly viable therapeutic target. Here we review the biology of the remarkable PDC and its emerging importance in the pathobiology and treatment of diverse congenital and acquired disorders of metabolic integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Stacpoole
- Department of Medicine (Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| | - Charles E McCall
- Department of Internal Medicine and Translational Sciences, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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14
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Xia K, Witzel S, Witzel C, Klose V, Fan D, Ludolph AC, Dorst J. Mutation-specific metabolic profiles in presymptomatic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Eur J Neurol 2023; 30:87-95. [PMID: 36169607 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Growing evidence shows that ALS patients feature a disturbed energy metabolism. However, these features have rarely been investigated in the presymptomatic stage. METHODS A total of 60 presymptomatic ALS mutation carriers and 70 age- and gender-matched controls (non-mutation carriers from the same families) were recruited. All subjects underwent assessments of their metabolic profiles under fasting conditions at enrollment, including body mass index (BMI), blood pressure and serum levels of blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein. RESULTS All mutations combined, no differences between presymptomatic ALS gene carriers and controls were found. From a cardiovascular point of view, presymptomatic chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9ORF72) gene carriers showed lower cardiovascular risk profiles compared to healthy controls, including lower BMI (median 22.9, interquartile range [IQR] 20.6-26.1 kg/m2 vs. 24.9, IQR 22.7-30.5 kg/m2 ; p = 0.007), lower systolic blood pressure (120, IQR 110-130 mmHg vs. 128, IQR 120-140 mmHg; p = 0.02), lower fasting serum glucose (89.0, IQR 85.0-97.0 mg/dl vs. 96.0, IQR 89.3-102.0 mg/dl; p = 0.005) and higher HDL (1.6, IQR 1.3-1.8 mmol/l vs. 1.2, IQR 1.0-1.4 mmol/l; p = 0.04). However, presymptomatic superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene mutation carriers showed higher cardiovascular risk profiles compared to healthy controls, including higher BMI (28.0, IQR 26.1-31.5 kg/m2 vs. 24.9, IQR 22.7-30.5 kg/m2 ; p = 0.02), higher fasting serum glucose (100.0, IQR 94.0-117.0 mg/dl vs. 96.0, IQR 89.3-102.0 mg/dl; p = 0.04) and lower HDL (1.2, IQR 1.0-1.4 mmol/l vs. 1.4, IQR 1.2-1.7 mmol/l; p = 0.01). These features were most prominent in patients carrying SOD1 gene mutations associated with slow disease progression. CONCLUSIONS This study identified distinct metabolic profiles in presymptomatic ALS gene carriers, which might be associated with disease progression in the symptomatic phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailin Xia
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Biomarker and Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, National Health Commission/Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Simon Witzel
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Veronika Klose
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ulm, Germany
| | - Dongsheng Fan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Biomarker and Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, National Health Commission/Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Albert C Ludolph
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ulm, Germany
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15
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Fatty acids derived from the probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HA-114 suppress age-dependent neurodegeneration. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1340. [PMID: 36477191 PMCID: PMC9729297 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04295-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human microbiota is believed to influence health. Microbiome dysbiosis may be linked to neurological conditions like Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease. We report the ability of a probiotic bacterial strain in halting neurodegeneration phenotypes. We show that Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HA-114 is neuroprotective in C. elegans models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Huntington's disease. Our results show that neuroprotection from L. rhamnosus HA-114 is unique from other L. rhamnosus strains and resides in its fatty acid content. Neuroprotection by L. rhamnosus HA-114 requires acdh-1/ACADSB, kat-1/ACAT1 and elo-6/ELOVL3/6, which are associated with fatty acid metabolism and mitochondrial β-oxidation. Our data suggest that disrupted lipid metabolism contributes to neurodegeneration and that dietary intervention with L. rhamnosus HA-114 restores lipid homeostasis and energy balance through mitochondrial β-oxidation. Our findings encourage the exploration of L. rhamnosus HA-114 derived interventions to modify the progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
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16
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Ramasubbu K, Devi Rajeswari V. Impairment of insulin signaling pathway PI3K/Akt/mTOR and insulin resistance induced AGEs on diabetes mellitus and neurodegenerative diseases: a perspective review. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 478:1307-1324. [PMID: 36308670 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04587-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is common in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, kidney diseases, and polycystic ovary syndrome. Impairment in insulin signaling pathways, such as the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, would lead to insulin resistance. It might induce the synthesis and deposition of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), reactive oxygen species, and reactive nitrogen species, resulting in stress, protein misfolding, protein accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, reticulum function, and metabolic syndrome dysregulation, inflammation, and apoptosis. It plays a huge role in various neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and Amyloid lateral sclerosis. In this review, we intend to focus on the possible effect of insulin resistance in the progression of neurodegeneration via the impaired P13K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, AGEs, and receptors for AGEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanagavalli Ramasubbu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Tamil Nadu, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - V Devi Rajeswari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Tamil Nadu, Vellore, 632014, India.
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17
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Marino C, Grimaldi M, Sommella EM, Ciaglia T, Santoro A, Buonocore M, Salviati E, Trojsi F, Polverino A, Sorrentino P, Sorrentino G, Campiglia P, D’Ursi AM. The Metabolomic Profile in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Changes According to the Progression of the Disease: An Exploratory Study. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090837. [PMID: 36144241 PMCID: PMC9504184 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative pathology of the upper or lower motor neuron. Evaluation of ALS progression is based on clinical outcomes considering the impairment of body sites. ALS has been extensively investigated in the pathogenetic mechanisms and the clinical profile; however, no molecular biomarkers are used as diagnostic criteria to establish the ALS pathological staging. Using the source-reconstructed magnetoencephalography (MEG) approach, we demonstrated that global brain hyperconnectivity is associated with early and advanced clinical ALS stages. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) spectroscopy, here we studied the metabolomic profile of ALS patients' sera characterized by different stages of disease progression-namely early and advanced. Multivariate statistical analysis of the data integrated with the network analysis indicates that metabolites related to energy deficit, abnormal concentrations of neurotoxic metabolites and metabolites related to neurotransmitter production are pathognomonic of ALS in the advanced stage. Furthermore, analysis of the lipidomic profile indicates that advanced ALS patients report significant alteration of phosphocholine (PCs), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPCs), and sphingomyelin (SMs) metabolism, consistent with the exigency of lipid remodeling to repair advanced neuronal degeneration and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Marino
- PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Manuela Grimaldi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Eduardo Maria Sommella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Tania Ciaglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Angelo Santoro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Michela Buonocore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Emanuela Salviati
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Francesca Trojsi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Maggiore Salvatore Arena, Contrada San Benedetto, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Arianna Polverino
- Institute of Diagnosis and Treatment Hermitage Capodimonte, Cupa delle Tozzole, 2, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Sorrentino
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems of National Research Council, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
- Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Aix-Marseille Université, 13284 Marseille, France
| | - Giuseppe Sorrentino
- Institute of Diagnosis and Treatment Hermitage Capodimonte, Cupa delle Tozzole, 2, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems of National Research Council, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
- Department of Motor and Wellness Sciences, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Via Ammiraglio Ferdinando Acton, 38, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Campiglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Anna Maria D’Ursi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-089969748
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18
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Kaneko J, Sato RI, Watanabe M, Oyanagi K, Kinoshita M. [An autopsy case report of a patient with frontotemporal dementia with motor neuron disease in totally locked-in state showing hyperosmolar hyperosmotic state]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2022; 62:595-601. [PMID: 35871561 DOI: 10.5692/clinicalneurol.cn-001703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A 57-year-old man with no family history of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or diabetes was diagnosed with ALS, and placed in long-term care where an artificial respirator with tracheotomy was used. He was fed through a gastric fistula tube. He gradually lost the ability to communicate, and computed tomography revealed advanced atrophy of the frontotemporal lobe. He was abruptly suffered from polyuria 11 years after the onset of ALS, and was diagnosed with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS). It recurred six years later with severe ascites and worsening of pleural effusion. He passed away 18 years after the onset of ALS. Pathological examination revealed a reduced numbers of Betz cells in the motor cortex, anterior horn cells in the spinal cord, and hypoglossal neurons. The remaining lower motor neurons and cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus were positive for phosphorylated TDP-43. These corresponded to Type B on harmonized classification system for frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD)-TDP pathology (Mackenzie, et al. 2011). Furthermore, the lateral, anterior, and anterolateral funiculi of the spinal cord, globus pallidus, thalamus, and brainstem tegmentum showed atrophy. The findings were compatible with ALS pathology in totally locked-in state (TLS). Hyalinized islets of Langerhans were observed scattered throughout the pancreas. The patient's muscles were nearly completely replaced by white, firm fat tissue. We considered that the patient's diabetic conditions contributed to the accumulation of excess fat in internal and external fat tissue as a result of the long-term dependence on enteral nutrition. Moreover, a disturbance in glucose metabolism in skeletal muscles that resulted from severe atrophy could have been another cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kaneko
- Department of Neurology, Suwa Red Cross Hospital
| | | | | | - Kiyomitsu Oyanagi
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Brain Disease Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine
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Ben-Zaken S, Nefussy B, Meckel Y, Eliakim A, Nemet D, Gotkine M, Lorber D, Zeev A, Drory VE. Common genetic basis of ALS patients and soccer players may contribute to disease risk. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:4231-4238. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-05990-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Nelson AT, Trotti D. Altered Bioenergetics and Metabolic Homeostasis in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:1102-1118. [PMID: 35773551 PMCID: PMC9587161 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01262-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease that primarily affects motor neurons and causes muscle atrophy, paralysis, and death. While a great deal of progress has been made in deciphering the underlying pathogenic mechanisms, no effective treatments for the disease are currently available. This is mainly due to the high degree of complexity and heterogeneity that characterizes the disease. Over the last few decades of research, alterations to bioenergetic and metabolic homeostasis have emerged as a common denominator across many different forms of ALS. These alterations are found at the cellular level (e.g., mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired expression of monocarboxylate transporters) and at the systemic level (e.g., low BMI and hypermetabolism) and tend to be associated with survival or disease outcomes in patients. Furthermore, an increasing amount of preclinical evidence and some promising clinical evidence suggests that targeting energy metabolism could be an effective therapeutic strategy. This review examines the evidence both for and against these ALS-associated metabolic alterations and highlights potential avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Nelson
- Jefferson Weinberg ALS Center, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, 900 Walnut Street, JHN Bldg., 4th floor, room 416, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Davide Trotti
- Jefferson Weinberg ALS Center, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, 900 Walnut Street, JHN Bldg., 4th floor, room 416, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
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21
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Li JY, Cui LY, Sun XH, Shen DC, Yang XZ, Liu Q, Liu MS. Alterations in metabolic biomarkers and their potential role in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2022; 9:1027-1038. [PMID: 35584112 PMCID: PMC9268864 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic dysfunction has been suggested to be involved in the pathophysiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This study aimed to investigate the potential role of metabolic biomarkers in the progression of ALS and understand the possible metabolic mechanisms. Methods Fifty‐two patients with ALS and 24 normal controls were included, and blood samples were collected for analysis of metabolic biomarkers. Basal anthropometric measures, including body composition and clinical features, were measured in ALS patients. The disease progression rate was calculated using the revised ALS functional rating scale (ALSFRS‐R) during the 6‐month follow‐up. Results ALS patients had higher levels of adipokines (adiponectin, adipsin, resistin, and visfatin) and other metabolic biomarkers [C‐peptide, glucagon, glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1), gastric inhibitory peptide, and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1] than controls. Leptin levels in serum were positively correlated with body mass index, body fat, and visceral fat index (VFI). Adiponectin was positively correlated with the VFI and showed a positive correlation with the ALSFRS‐R and a negative correlation with baseline disease progression. Patients with lower body fat, VFI, and fat in limbs showed faster disease progression during follow‐ups. Lower leptin and adiponectin levels were correlated with faster disease progression. After adjusting for confounders, lower adiponectin levels and higher visfatin levels were independently correlated with faster disease progression. Interpretation The current study found altered levels of metabolic biomarkers in ALS patients, which may play a role in ALS pathogenesis. Adiponectin and visfatin represent potential biomarkers for prediction of disease progression in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yue Li
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Ying Cui
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiao-Han Sun
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dong-Chao Shen
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xun-Zhe Yang
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Sheng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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22
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Godoy-Corchuelo JM, Fernández-Beltrán LC, Ali Z, Gil-Moreno MJ, López-Carbonero JI, Guerrero-Sola A, Larrad-Sainz A, Matias-Guiu J, Matias-Guiu JA, Cunningham TJ, Corrochano S. Lipid Metabolic Alterations in the ALS-FTD Spectrum of Disorders. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1105. [PMID: 35625841 PMCID: PMC9138405 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in the study of the relation between alterations in systemic lipid metabolism and neurodegenerative disorders, in particular in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD). In ALS these alterations are well described and evident not only with the progression of the disease but also years before diagnosis. Still, there are some discrepancies in findings relating to the causal nature of lipid metabolic alterations, partly due to the great clinical heterogeneity in ALS. ALS presentation is within a disorder spectrum with Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD), and many patients present mixed forms of ALS and FTD, thus increasing the variability. Lipid metabolic and other systemic metabolic alterations have not been well studied in FTD, or in ALS-FTD mixed forms, as has been in pure ALS. With the recent development in lipidomics and the integration with other -omics platforms, there is now emerging data that not only facilitates the identification of biomarkers but also enables understanding of the underlying pathological mechanisms. Here, we reviewed the recent literature to compile lipid metabolic alterations in ALS, FTD, and intermediate mixed forms, with a view to appraising key commonalities or differences within the spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Miguel Godoy-Corchuelo
- Neurological Disorders Group, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.G.-C.); (L.C.F.-B.); (M.J.G.-M.); (J.I.L.-C.); (A.G.-S.); (J.M.-G.); (J.A.M.-G.)
| | - Luis C. Fernández-Beltrán
- Neurological Disorders Group, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.G.-C.); (L.C.F.-B.); (M.J.G.-M.); (J.I.L.-C.); (A.G.-S.); (J.M.-G.); (J.A.M.-G.)
| | - Zeinab Ali
- MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK; (Z.A.); (T.J.C.)
| | - María J. Gil-Moreno
- Neurological Disorders Group, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.G.-C.); (L.C.F.-B.); (M.J.G.-M.); (J.I.L.-C.); (A.G.-S.); (J.M.-G.); (J.A.M.-G.)
| | - Juan I. López-Carbonero
- Neurological Disorders Group, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.G.-C.); (L.C.F.-B.); (M.J.G.-M.); (J.I.L.-C.); (A.G.-S.); (J.M.-G.); (J.A.M.-G.)
| | - Antonio Guerrero-Sola
- Neurological Disorders Group, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.G.-C.); (L.C.F.-B.); (M.J.G.-M.); (J.I.L.-C.); (A.G.-S.); (J.M.-G.); (J.A.M.-G.)
| | - Angélica Larrad-Sainz
- Nutrition and Endocrinology Group, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jorge Matias-Guiu
- Neurological Disorders Group, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.G.-C.); (L.C.F.-B.); (M.J.G.-M.); (J.I.L.-C.); (A.G.-S.); (J.M.-G.); (J.A.M.-G.)
| | - Jordi A. Matias-Guiu
- Neurological Disorders Group, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.G.-C.); (L.C.F.-B.); (M.J.G.-M.); (J.I.L.-C.); (A.G.-S.); (J.M.-G.); (J.A.M.-G.)
| | - Thomas J. Cunningham
- MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK; (Z.A.); (T.J.C.)
- MRC Prion Unit at UCL, UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, London W1W 7FF, UK
| | - Silvia Corrochano
- Neurological Disorders Group, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.G.-C.); (L.C.F.-B.); (M.J.G.-M.); (J.I.L.-C.); (A.G.-S.); (J.M.-G.); (J.A.M.-G.)
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23
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Ondaro J, Hernandez-Eguiazu H, Garciandia-Arcelus M, Loera-Valencia R, Rodriguez-Gómez L, Jiménez-Zúñiga A, Goikolea J, Rodriguez-Rodriguez P, Ruiz-Martinez J, Moreno F, Lopez de Munain A, Holt IJ, Gil-Bea FJ, Gereñu G. Defects of Nutrient Signaling and Autophagy in Neurodegeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:836196. [PMID: 35419363 PMCID: PMC8996160 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.836196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons are post-mitotic cells that allocate huge amounts of energy to the synthesis of new organelles and molecules, neurotransmission and to the maintenance of redox homeostasis. In neurons, autophagy is not only crucial to ensure organelle renewal but it is also essential to balance nutritional needs through the mobilization of internal energy stores. A delicate crosstalk between the pathways that sense nutritional status of the cell and the autophagic processes to recycle organelles and macronutrients is fundamental to guarantee the proper functioning of the neuron in times of energy scarcity. This review provides a detailed overview of the pathways and processes involved in the balance of cellular energy mediated by autophagy, which when defective, precipitate the neurodegenerative cascade of Parkinson’s disease, frontotemporal dementia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Ondaro
- Department of Neuroscience, Biodonostia Health Research Institute (IIS Biodonostia), San Sebastian, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Haizea Hernandez-Eguiazu
- Department of Neuroscience, Biodonostia Health Research Institute (IIS Biodonostia), San Sebastian, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maddi Garciandia-Arcelus
- Department of Neuroscience, Biodonostia Health Research Institute (IIS Biodonostia), San Sebastian, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Loera-Valencia
- Department of Neurology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet (KI), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Rodriguez-Gómez
- Department of Neuroscience, Biodonostia Health Research Institute (IIS Biodonostia), San Sebastian, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Jiménez-Zúñiga
- Department of Neuroscience, Biodonostia Health Research Institute (IIS Biodonostia), San Sebastian, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Julen Goikolea
- Department of Neurology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet (KI), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patricia Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- Department of Neurology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet (KI), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Javier Ruiz-Martinez
- Department of Neuroscience, Biodonostia Health Research Institute (IIS Biodonostia), San Sebastian, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Fermín Moreno
- Department of Neuroscience, Biodonostia Health Research Institute (IIS Biodonostia), San Sebastian, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Adolfo Lopez de Munain
- Department of Neuroscience, Biodonostia Health Research Institute (IIS Biodonostia), San Sebastian, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Ian James Holt
- Department of Neuroscience, Biodonostia Health Research Institute (IIS Biodonostia), San Sebastian, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Gil-Bea
- Department of Neuroscience, Biodonostia Health Research Institute (IIS Biodonostia), San Sebastian, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gorka Gereñu
- Department of Neuroscience, Biodonostia Health Research Institute (IIS Biodonostia), San Sebastian, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Leioa, Spain
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24
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Killoy KM, Harlan BA, Pehar M, Vargas MR. NR1D1 downregulation in astrocytes induces a phenotype that is detrimental to cocultured motor neurons. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22262. [PMID: 35319791 PMCID: PMC9223394 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101275r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group D member 1 (NR1D1, also known as Rev-erbα) is a nuclear transcription factor that is part of the molecular clock encoding circadian rhythms and may link daily rhythms with metabolism and inflammation. NR1D1, unlike most nuclear receptors, lacks a ligand-dependent activation function domain 2 and is a constitutive transcriptional repressor. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common adult-onset motor neuron disease, caused by the progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord, brain stem, and motor cortex. Approximately 10%-20% of familial ALS is caused by a toxic gain-of-function induced by mutations of the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1). Dysregulated clock and clock-controlled gene expression occur in multiple tissues from mutant hSOD1-linked ALS mouse models. Here we explore NR1D1 dysregulation in the spinal cord of ALS mouse models and its consequences on astrocyte-motor neuron interaction. NR1D1 protein and mRNA expression are significantly downregulated in the spinal cord of symptomatic mice expressing mutant hSOD1, while no changes were observed in age-matched animals overexpressing wild-type hSOD1. In addition, NR1D1 downregulation in primary astrocyte cultures induces a pro-inflammatory phenotype and decreases the survival of cocultured motor neurons. NR1D1 orchestrates the cross talk between physiological pathways identified to be disrupted in ALS (e.g., metabolism, inflammation, redox homeostasis, and circadian rhythms) and we observed that downregulation of NR1D1 alters astrocyte-motor neuron interaction. Our results suggest that NR1D1 could be a potential therapeutic target to prevent astrocyte-mediated motor neuron toxicity in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelby M Killoy
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Benjamin A Harlan
- Biomedical Sciences Training Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Mariana Pehar
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Geriatric Research Education Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Marcelo R Vargas
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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25
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Lerskiatiphanich T, Marallag J, Lee JD. Glucose metabolism in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: it is bitter-sweet. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:1975-1977. [PMID: 35142682 PMCID: PMC8848616 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.335154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Titaya Lerskiatiphanich
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jianina Marallag
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - John D Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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26
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Nakamura R, Kurihara M, Ogawa N, Kitamura A, Yamakawa I, Bamba S, Sanada M, Sasaki M, Urushitani M. Prognostic prediction by hypermetabolism varies depending on the nutritional status in early amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17943. [PMID: 34504168 PMCID: PMC8429558 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97196-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine whether hypermetabolism could predict the prognosis of early amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients with differing nutritional profiles. This single-center, retrospective study examined the prognosis of ALS patients with hypermetabolism in relation to their nutritional status at hospitalization. The metabolic state was estimated by the ratio of measured resting energy expenditure (mREE) to lean soft tissue mass (LSTM) (mREE/LSTM), wherein patients with ratios ≥ 38 were defined as hypermetabolic. Malnutrition was defined as %ideal body weight < 0.9. Forty-eight patients were enrolled in this study. The hypermetabolic group had shorter survival in the normal-weight group but more prolonged survival in the malnutrition group. Multiplication of nutritional and metabolic factors, such as [(body mass index (BMI) − 19.8) × (mREE/LSTM − 38)], designated as BMI-muscle metabolism index (BMM index), successfully predicted the prognosis in the group with a high BMM index (≥ 1), which showed shorter survival and a faster rate of weight loss and functional decline. Multivariate analysis using the Cox model showed high BMM index was an independent poor prognostic factor (hazard ratio: 4.05; p = 0.025). Prognostic prediction by hypermetabolism varies depending on the nutritional status in ALS, and the BMM index is a consistent prognostic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryutaro Nakamura
- Department of Neurology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Mika Kurihara
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Ogawa
- Department of Neurology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kitamura
- Department of Neurology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Isamu Yamakawa
- Department of Neurology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Shigeki Bamba
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Sanada
- Department of Neurology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Masaya Sasaki
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Makoto Urushitani
- Department of Neurology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan.
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27
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease targeting upper and lower motor neurons, inexorably leading to an early death. Defects in energy metabolism have been associated with ALS, including weight loss, increased energy expenditure, decreased body fat mass and increased use of lipid nutrients at the expense of carbohydrates. We review here recent findings on impaired energy metabolism in ALS, and its clinical importance. RECENT FINDINGS Hypothalamic atrophy, as well as alterations in hypothalamic peptides controlling energy metabolism, have been associated with metabolic derangements. Recent studies showed that mutations causing familial ALS impact various metabolic pathways, in particular mitochondrial function, and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, which could underlie these metabolic defects in patients. Importantly, slowing weight loss, through high caloric diets, is a promising therapeutic strategy, and early clinical trials indicated that it might improve survival in at least a subset of patients. More research is needed to improve these therapeutic strategies, define pharmacological options, and refine the population of ALS patients that would benefit from these approaches. SUMMARY Dysfunctional energy homeostasis is a major feature of ALS clinical picture and emerges as a potential therapeutic target.
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28
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McDonald TS, Kumar V, Fung JN, Woodruff TM, Lee JD. Glucose clearance and uptake is increased in the SOD1 G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis through an insulin-independent mechanism. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21707. [PMID: 34118098 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002450r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic disturbances are associated with the progression of the neurodegenerative disorder, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, the molecular events that drive energy imbalances in ALS are not completely understood. In this study, we aimed to elucidate deficits in energy homeostasis in the SOD1G93A mouse model of ALS. SOD1G93A mice and their wild-type littermates underwent indirect calorimetry and intraperitoneal glucose/insulin tolerance tests at both the onset and mid-symptomatic stages of the disease. Glucose uptake and the plasma glucoregulatory hormone profiles were analyzed. Pancreatic islet cell mass and function were assessed by measuring hormone concentrations and secretion in isolated islets, and pancreatic α- and β-cell immunoreactive areas. Finally, we profiled liver glycogen metabolism by measuring glucagon concentrations and liver metabolic gene expressions. We identified that mid-symptomatic SOD1G93A mice have increased oxygen consumption and faster exogenous glucose uptake, despite presenting with normal insulin tolerance. The capacity for pancreatic islets to secrete insulin appears intact, however, islet cell insulin concentrations and β-cell mass were reduced. Fasting glucose homeostasis was also disturbed, along with increased liver glycogen stores, despite elevated circulating glucagon, suggesting that glucagon signaling is impaired. Metabolic gene expression profiling of livers indicated that glucose cannot be utilized efficiently in SOD1G93A mice. Overall, we demonstrate that glucose homeostasis and uptake are altered in SOD1G93A mice, which is linked to an increase in insulin-independent glucose uptake, and a loss of β-cells, insulin production, and glucagon sensitivity. This suggests that the hormonal regulation of glucose concentrations may contribute to the progression of disease in this ALS mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya S McDonald
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Vinod Kumar
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jenny N Fung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - John D Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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29
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Lipidomics study of plasma from patients suggest that ALS and PLS are part of a continuum of motor neuron disorders. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13562. [PMID: 34193885 PMCID: PMC8245424 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92112-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor neuron disorders (MND) include a group of pathologies that affect upper and/or lower motor neurons. Among them, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by progressive muscle weakness, with fatal outcomes only in a few years after diagnosis. On the other hand, primary lateral sclerosis (PLS), a more benign form of MND that only affects upper motor neurons, results in life-long progressive motor dysfunction. Although the outcomes are quite different, ALS and PLS present with similar symptoms at disease onset, to the degree that both disorders could be considered part of a continuum. These similarities and the lack of reliable biomarkers often result in delays in accurate diagnosis and/or treatment. In the nervous system, lipids exert a wide variety of functions, including roles in cell structure, synaptic transmission, and multiple metabolic processes. Thus, the study of the absolute and relative concentrations of a subset of lipids in human pathology can shed light into these cellular processes and unravel alterations in one or more pathways. In here, we report the lipid composition of longitudinal plasma samples from ALS and PLS patients initially, and after 2 years following enrollment in a clinical study. Our analysis revealed common aspects of these pathologies suggesting that, from the lipidomics point of view, PLS and ALS behave as part of a continuum of motor neuron disorders.
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30
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D’Amico E, Grosso G, Nieves JW, Zanghì A, Factor-Litvak P, Mitsumoto H. Metabolic Abnormalities, Dietary Risk Factors and Nutritional Management in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072273. [PMID: 34209133 PMCID: PMC8308334 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects motor neurons, leading to a relentless paralysis of skeletal muscles and eventual respiratory failure. Although a small percentage of patients may have a longer survival time (up to 10 years), in most cases, the median survival time is from 20 to 48 months. The pathogenesis and risk factors for ALS are still unclear: among the various aspects taken into consideration, metabolic abnormalities and nutritional factors have been the focus of recent interests. Although there are no consistent findings regarding prior type-2 diabetes, hypercholesterolemia and ALS incidence, abnormalities in lipid and glucose metabolism may be linked to disease progression, leading to a relatively longer survival (probably as a result of counteract malnutrition and cachexia in the advanced stages of the disease). Among potential dietary risk factors, a higher risk of ALS has been associated with an increased intake of glutamate, while the consumption of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds, such as vitamin E, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and carotenoids, has been related to lower incidence. Poor nutritional status and weight loss in ALS resulting from poor oral intake, progressive muscle atrophy, and the potential hypermetabolic state have been associated with rapid disease progression. It seems important to routinely perform a nutritional assessment of ALS patients at the earliest referral: weight maintenance (if adequate) or gain (if underweight) is suggested from the scientific literature; evidence of improved diet quality (in terms of nutrients and limits for pro-inflammatory dietary factors) and glucose and lipid control is yet to be confirmed, but it is advised. Further research is warranted to better understand the role of nutrition and the underlying metabolic abnormalities in ALS, and their contribution to the pathogenic mechanisms leading to ALS initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele D’Amico
- Department G.F. Ingrassia, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (E.D.); (A.Z.)
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0954-781-187
| | - Jeri W. Nieves
- Mailman School of Public Health and Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; (J.W.N.); (P.F.-L.)
| | - Aurora Zanghì
- Department G.F. Ingrassia, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (E.D.); (A.Z.)
| | - Pam Factor-Litvak
- Mailman School of Public Health and Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; (J.W.N.); (P.F.-L.)
| | - Hiroshi Mitsumoto
- Eleanor and Lou Gehrig ALS Center, The Neurological Institute of New York Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA;
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31
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Killoy KM, Pehar M, Harlan BA, Vargas MR. Altered expression of clock and clock-controlled genes in a hSOD1-linked amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mouse model. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21343. [PMID: 33508151 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000386rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Most physiological processes in mammals are subjected to daily oscillations that are governed by a circadian system. The circadian rhythm orchestrates metabolic pathways in a time-dependent manner and loss of circadian timekeeping has been associated with cellular and system-wide alterations in metabolism, redox homeostasis, and inflammation. Here, we investigated the expression of clock and clock-controlled genes in multiple tissues (suprachiasmatic nucleus, spinal cord, gastrocnemius muscle, and liver) from mutant hSOD1-linked amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) mouse models. We identified tissue-specific changes in the relative expression, as well as altered daily expression patterns, of clock genes, sirtuins (Sirt1, Sirt3, and Sirt6), metabolic enzymes (Pfkfb3, Cpt1, and Nampt), and redox regulators (Nrf2, G6pd, and Pgd). In addition, astrocytes transdifferentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells from SOD1-linked and FUS RNA binding protein-linked ALS patients also displayed altered expression of clock genes. Overall, our results raise the possibility of disrupted cross-talk between the suprachiasmatic nucleus and peripheral tissues in hSOD1G93A mice, preventing proper peripheral clock regulation and synchronization. Since these changes were observed in symptomatic mice, it remains unclear whether this dysregulation directly drives or it is a consequence of the degenerative process. However, because metabolism and redox homeostasis are intimately entangled with circadian rhythms, our data suggest that altered expression of clock genes may contribute to metabolic and redox impairment in ALS. Since circadian dyssynchrony can be rescued, these results provide the groundwork for potential disease-modifying interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelby M Killoy
- Biomedical Sciences Training Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Mariana Pehar
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Benjamin A Harlan
- Biomedical Sciences Training Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Marcelo R Vargas
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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32
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Obrador E, Salvador-Palmer R, López-Blanch R, Jihad-Jebbar A, Vallés SL, Estrela JM. The Link between Oxidative Stress, Redox Status, Bioenergetics and Mitochondria in the Pathophysiology of ALS. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126352. [PMID: 34198557 PMCID: PMC8231819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common neurodegenerative disease of the motor system. It is characterized by the degeneration of both upper and lower motor neurons, which leads to muscle weakness and paralysis. ALS is incurable and has a bleak prognosis, with median survival of 3-5 years after the initial symptomatology. In ALS, motor neurons gradually degenerate and die. Many features of mitochondrial dysfunction are manifested in neurodegenerative diseases, including ALS. Mitochondria have shown to be an early target in ALS pathophysiology and contribute to disease progression. Disruption of their axonal transport, excessive generation of reactive oxygen species, disruption of the mitochondrial structure, dynamics, mitophagy, energy production, calcium buffering and apoptotic triggering have all been directly involved in disease pathogenesis and extensively reported in ALS patients and animal model systems. Alterations in energy production by motor neurons, which severely limit their survival capacity, are tightly linked to the redox status and mitochondria. The present review focuses on this link. Placing oxidative stress as a main pathophysiological mechanism, the molecular interactions and metabolic flows involved are analyzed. This leads to discussing potential therapeutic approaches targeting mitochondrial biology to slow disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Obrador
- Correspondence: (E.O.); (J.M.E.); Tel.: +34-963864646 (J.M.E.)
| | | | | | | | | | - José M. Estrela
- Correspondence: (E.O.); (J.M.E.); Tel.: +34-963864646 (J.M.E.)
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33
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Diabetes Mellitus and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Systematic Review. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060867. [PMID: 34200812 PMCID: PMC8230511 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a degenerative disorder which affects the motor neurons. Growing evidence suggests that ALS may impact the metabolic system, including the glucose metabolism. Several studies investigated the role of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) as risk and/or prognostic factor. However, a clear correlation between DM and ALS has not been defined. In this review, we focus on the role of DM in ALS, examining the different hypotheses on how perturbations of glucose metabolism may interact with the pathophysiology and the course of ALS. METHODS We undertook an independent PubMed literature search, using the following search terms: ((ALS) OR (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis) OR (Motor Neuron Disease)) AND ((Diabetes) OR (Glucose Intolerance) OR (Hyperglycemia)). Review and original articles were considered. RESULTS DM appears not to affect ALS severity, progression, and survival. Contrasting data suggested a protective role of DM on the occurrence of ALS in elderly and an opposite effect in younger subjects. CONCLUSIONS The actual clinical and pathophysiological correlation between DM and ALS is unclear. Large longitudinal prospective studies are needed. Achieving large sample sizes comparable to those of common complex diseases like DM is a challenge for a rare disease like ALS. Collaborative efforts could overcome this specific issue.
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Skeletal Muscle Metabolism: Origin or Prognostic Factor for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Development? Cells 2021; 10:cells10061449. [PMID: 34207859 PMCID: PMC8226541 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive and selective loss of motor neurons, amyotrophy and skeletal muscle paralysis usually leading to death due to respiratory failure. While generally considered an intrinsic motor neuron disease, data obtained in recent years, including our own, suggest that motor neuron protection is not sufficient to counter the disease. The dismantling of the neuromuscular junction is closely linked to chronic energy deficit found throughout the body. Metabolic (hypermetabolism and dyslipidemia) and mitochondrial alterations described in patients and murine models of ALS are associated with the development and progression of disease pathology and they appear long before motor neurons die. It is clear that these metabolic changes participate in the pathology of the disease. In this review, we summarize these changes seen throughout the course of the disease, and the subsequent impact of glucose–fatty acid oxidation imbalance on disease progression. We also highlight studies that show that correcting this loss of metabolic flexibility should now be considered a major goal for the treatment of ALS.
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Metabolic Dysfunction in Spinal Muscular Atrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115913. [PMID: 34072857 PMCID: PMC8198411 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder leading to paralysis, muscle atrophy, and death. Significant advances in antisense oligonucleotide treatment and gene therapy have made it possible for SMA patients to benefit from improvements in many aspects of the once devastating natural history of the disease. How the depletion of survival motor neuron (SMN) protein, the product of the gene implicated in the disease, leads to the consequent pathogenic changes remains unresolved. Over the past few years, evidence toward a potential contribution of gastrointestinal, metabolic, and endocrine defects to disease phenotype has surfaced. These findings ranged from disrupted body composition, gastrointestinal tract, fatty acid, glucose, amino acid, and hormonal regulation. Together, these changes could have a meaningful clinical impact on disease traits. However, it is currently unclear whether these findings are secondary to widespread denervation or unique to the SMA phenotype. This review provides an in-depth account of metabolism-related research available to date, with a discussion of unique features compared to other motor neuron and related disorders.
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Oveisgharan S, Capuano AW, Nag S, Agrawal S, Barnes LL, Bennett DA, Arvanitakis Z, Schneider JA. Association of Hemoglobin A1C With TDP-43 Pathology in Community-Based Elders. Neurology 2021; 96:e2694-e2703. [PMID: 33853892 PMCID: PMC8205465 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000012025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that an inverse association exists between diabetes mellitus (DM) and hemoglobin A1C (A1C) with transactive response DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) levels in older adults. METHODS We leveraged antemortem and postmortem data of decedents from 3 community-based clinical-pathologic studies. DM status, A1C levels, and medications for DM were documented annually. TDP-43 cytoplasmic inclusions, evaluated in 6 brain regions using immunohistochemistry, were used to obtain a semiquantitative TDP-43 score (0-5) in each region, and scores were averaged across regions to obtain a TDP-43 severity score. We used linear regressions to test the association of DM and A1C with the TDP-43 severity score. RESULTS On average, participants (n = 817) were 90 years old at the time of death, three-fourths were women, and one-fourth had DM. The mean A1C was 6.0% (SD 0.6). TDP-43 was observed in 54% of participants, and the mean TDP-43 score was 0.7 (range 0-4.5). A higher level of A1C was associated with a lower TDP-43 score (estimate -0.156, SE 0.060, p = 0.009), while DM had a borderline inverse association with the TDP-43 score (estimate -0.163, SE 0.087, p = 0.060). The association of higher levels of A1C with lower TDP-43 scores persisted after further adjustment by APOE ε4, vascular risk factors, stroke, and hypoglycemic medications. Exclusion of the oldest old participants did not change the results. CONCLUSION Overall, the results suggest that a high level of A1C is associated with less TDP-43 proteinopathy in older persons while the relationship of DM with TDP-43 needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Oveisgharan
- From the Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (S.O., A.W.C., S.N., S.A., L.L.B., D.A.B., Z.A., J.A.S.) and Departments of Neurological Sciences (S.O., A.W.C., L.L.B., D.A.B., Z.A., J.A.S.), Pathology (S.N., S.A., J.A.S.), and Behavioral Sciences (L.L.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL.
| | - Ana W Capuano
- From the Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (S.O., A.W.C., S.N., S.A., L.L.B., D.A.B., Z.A., J.A.S.) and Departments of Neurological Sciences (S.O., A.W.C., L.L.B., D.A.B., Z.A., J.A.S.), Pathology (S.N., S.A., J.A.S.), and Behavioral Sciences (L.L.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Sukriti Nag
- From the Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (S.O., A.W.C., S.N., S.A., L.L.B., D.A.B., Z.A., J.A.S.) and Departments of Neurological Sciences (S.O., A.W.C., L.L.B., D.A.B., Z.A., J.A.S.), Pathology (S.N., S.A., J.A.S.), and Behavioral Sciences (L.L.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Sonal Agrawal
- From the Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (S.O., A.W.C., S.N., S.A., L.L.B., D.A.B., Z.A., J.A.S.) and Departments of Neurological Sciences (S.O., A.W.C., L.L.B., D.A.B., Z.A., J.A.S.), Pathology (S.N., S.A., J.A.S.), and Behavioral Sciences (L.L.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Lisa L Barnes
- From the Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (S.O., A.W.C., S.N., S.A., L.L.B., D.A.B., Z.A., J.A.S.) and Departments of Neurological Sciences (S.O., A.W.C., L.L.B., D.A.B., Z.A., J.A.S.), Pathology (S.N., S.A., J.A.S.), and Behavioral Sciences (L.L.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - David A Bennett
- From the Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (S.O., A.W.C., S.N., S.A., L.L.B., D.A.B., Z.A., J.A.S.) and Departments of Neurological Sciences (S.O., A.W.C., L.L.B., D.A.B., Z.A., J.A.S.), Pathology (S.N., S.A., J.A.S.), and Behavioral Sciences (L.L.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Zoe Arvanitakis
- From the Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (S.O., A.W.C., S.N., S.A., L.L.B., D.A.B., Z.A., J.A.S.) and Departments of Neurological Sciences (S.O., A.W.C., L.L.B., D.A.B., Z.A., J.A.S.), Pathology (S.N., S.A., J.A.S.), and Behavioral Sciences (L.L.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Julie A Schneider
- From the Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (S.O., A.W.C., S.N., S.A., L.L.B., D.A.B., Z.A., J.A.S.) and Departments of Neurological Sciences (S.O., A.W.C., L.L.B., D.A.B., Z.A., J.A.S.), Pathology (S.N., S.A., J.A.S.), and Behavioral Sciences (L.L.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
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Mahoney CJ, Ahmed RM, Huynh W, Tu S, Rohrer JD, Bedlack RS, Hardiman O, Kiernan MC. Pathophysiology and Treatment of Non-motor Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. CNS Drugs 2021; 35:483-505. [PMID: 33993457 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-021-00820-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disease typically presenting with bulbar or limb weakness. There is increasing evidence that amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a multisystem disease with early and frequent impacts on cognition, behaviour, sleep, pain and fatigue. Dysfunction of normal physiological and metabolic processes also appears common. Evidence from pre-symptomatic studies and large epidemiological cohorts examining risk factors for the future development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis have reported a high prevalence of changes in behaviour and mental health before the emergence of motor weakness. This suggests that changes beyond the motor system are underway at an early stage with dysfunction across brain networks regulating a variety of cognitive, behavioural and other homeostatic processes. The full impact of non-motor dysfunction continues to be established but there is now sufficient evidence that the presence of non-motor symptoms impacts overall survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and with up to 80% reporting non-motor symptoms, there is an urgent need to develop more robust therapeutic approaches. This review provides a contemporary overview of the pathobiology of non-motor dysfunction, offering readers a practical approach with regard to assessment and management. We review the current evidence for pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment of non-motor dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and highlight the need to further integrate non-motor dysfunction as an important outcome measure for future clinical trial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin J Mahoney
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, 94 Mallett Street, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
| | - Rebekah M Ahmed
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, 94 Mallett Street, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - William Huynh
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, 94 Mallett Street, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Sicong Tu
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, 94 Mallett Street, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Jonathan D Rohrer
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Richard S Bedlack
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Hospital, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Orla Hardiman
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Matthew C Kiernan
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, 94 Mallett Street, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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Muscle Function Differences between Patients with Bulbar and Spinal Onset Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Does It Depend on Peripheral Glucose? J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10081582. [PMID: 33918552 PMCID: PMC8069029 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the pathogenic mechanisms of ALS disease is perturbed energy metabolism particularly glucose metabolism. Given the substantial difference in the severity and the prognosis of the disease, depending on whether it has a bulbar or spinal onset, the aim of the study was to determine metabolic differences between both types of ALS, as well as the possible relationship with muscle function. MATERIALS AND METHODS A descriptive, analytical, quantitative, and transversal study was carried out in hospitals and Primary Care centers in the region of Valencia, Spain. Fasting glucose and alkaline phosphatase (AP) levels in venous blood, muscle percentage, fat percentage, muscle strength (MRC scale), and functional capacity (Barthel Index) were measured in 31 patients diagnosed with ALS (20 with spinal onset ALS and 11 with bulbar onset ALS). A healthy control of 29 people was included. RESULTS No significant differences were observed in blood AP and glucose levels between spinal onset and bulbar onset ALS patients. However, a significant positive correlation was observed between the mean values of both substances in patients with spinal onset ALS. Moreover, a lower percentage of muscle mass and a higher percentage of fat mass were also seen in spinal ALS patients, who also presented lower muscle strength and lower functional capacity. CONCLUSION The results of this study seem to point to a possible difference in the peripheral use of glucose between patients with bulbar onset ALS and spinal onset ALS, who appear to have possible insulin resistance. These metabolic differences could explain the lower muscle percentage and lower muscular function in spinal onset ALS patients, although further studies are required.
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Layalle S, They L, Ourghani S, Raoul C, Soustelle L. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Genes in Drosophila melanogaster. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020904. [PMID: 33477509 PMCID: PMC7831090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating adult-onset neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive degeneration of upper and lower motoneurons. Most ALS cases are sporadic but approximately 10% of ALS cases are due to inherited mutations in identified genes. ALS-causing mutations were identified in over 30 genes with superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1), chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72), fused in sarcoma (FUS), and TAR DNA-binding protein (TARDBP, encoding TDP-43) being the most frequent. In the last few decades, Drosophila melanogaster emerged as a versatile model for studying neurodegenerative diseases, including ALS. In this review, we describe the different Drosophila ALS models that have been successfully used to decipher the cellular and molecular pathways associated with SOD1, C9orf72, FUS, and TDP-43. The study of the known fruit fly orthologs of these ALS-related genes yielded significant insights into cellular mechanisms and physiological functions. Moreover, genetic screening in tissue-specific gain-of-function mutants that mimic ALS-associated phenotypes identified disease-modifying genes. Here, we propose a comprehensive review on the Drosophila research focused on four ALS-linked genes that has revealed novel pathogenic mechanisms and identified potential therapeutic targets for future therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Layalle
- The Neuroscience Institute of Montpellier, INSERM, University of Montpellier, 34091 Montpellier, France; (S.L.); (L.T.); (S.O.)
| | - Laetitia They
- The Neuroscience Institute of Montpellier, INSERM, University of Montpellier, 34091 Montpellier, France; (S.L.); (L.T.); (S.O.)
| | - Sarah Ourghani
- The Neuroscience Institute of Montpellier, INSERM, University of Montpellier, 34091 Montpellier, France; (S.L.); (L.T.); (S.O.)
| | - Cédric Raoul
- The Neuroscience Institute of Montpellier, INSERM, University of Montpellier, 34091 Montpellier, France; (S.L.); (L.T.); (S.O.)
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
- Correspondence: (C.R.); (L.S.)
| | - Laurent Soustelle
- The Neuroscience Institute of Montpellier, INSERM, University of Montpellier, 34091 Montpellier, France; (S.L.); (L.T.); (S.O.)
- Correspondence: (C.R.); (L.S.)
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Cheng Y, Chen Y, Shang H. Aberrations of biochemical indicators in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Transl Neurodegener 2021; 10:3. [PMID: 33419478 PMCID: PMC7792103 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-020-00228-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has suggested that the pathological changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are not only confined to the central nervous system but also occur in the peripheral circulating system. Here, we performed a meta-analysis based on the PubMed, EMBASE, EBSCO, and CNKI databases, to find out biochemical indicators associated with energy metabolism, iron homeostasis, and muscle injury that are altered in ALS patients and their correlations with ALS phenotypes. Forty-six studies covering 17 biochemical indicators, representing 5454 ALS patients and 7986 control subjects, were included in this meta-analysis. Four indicators, including fasting blood glucose level (weighted mean difference [WMD] = 0.13, 95% CI [0.06–0.21], p = 0.001), serum ferritin level (WMD = 63.42, 95% CI [48.12–78.73], p < 0.001), transferrin saturation coefficient level (WMD = 2.79, 95% CI [1.52–4.05], p < 0.001), and creatine kinase level (WMD = 80.29, 95% CI [32.90–127.67], p < 0.001), were significantly higher in the ALS patients, whereas the total iron-binding capacity (WMD = − 2.42, 95% CI [− 3.93, − 0.90], p = 0.002) was significantly lower in ALS patients than in the control subjects. In contrast, the other 12 candidates did not show significant differences between ALS patients and controls. Moreover, pooled hazard ratios (HR) showed significantly reduced survival (HR = 1.38, 95% CI [1.02–1.88], p = 0.039) of ALS patients with elevated serum ferritin levels. These findings suggest that abnormalities in energy metabolism and disruption of iron homeostasis are involved in the pathogenesis of ALS. In addition, the serum ferritin level is negatively associated with the overall survival of ALS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangfan Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yongping Chen
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Huifang Shang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Onyango IG, Bennett JP, Stokin GB. Regulation of neuronal bioenergetics as a therapeutic strategy in neurodegenerative diseases. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1467-1482. [PMID: 33433460 PMCID: PMC8323696 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.303007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are a heterogeneous group of debilitating disorders with multifactorial etiologies and pathogeneses that manifest distinct molecular mechanisms and clinical manifestations with abnormal protein dynamics and impaired bioenergetics. Mitochondrial dysfunction is emerging as an important feature in the etiopathogenesis of these age-related neurodegenerative diseases. The prevalence and incidence of these diseases is on the rise with the increasing global population and average lifespan. Although many therapeutic approaches have been tested, there are currently no effective treatment routes for the prevention or cure of these diseases. We present the current status of our knowledge and understanding of the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in these diseases and highlight recent advances in novel therapeutic strategies targeting neuronal bioenergetics as potential approach for treating these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac G Onyango
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Centre (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - James P Bennett
- Neurodegeneration Therapeutics, 3050A Berkmar Drive, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Gorazd B Stokin
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Centre (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
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Gunay A, Shin HH, Gozutok O, Gautam M, Ozdinler PH. Importance of lipids for upper motor neuron health and disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 112:92-104. [PMID: 33323321 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Building evidence reveals the importance of maintaining lipid homeostasis for the health and function of neurons, and upper motor neurons (UMNs) are no exception. UMNs are critically important for the initiation and modulation of voluntary movement as they are responsible for conveying cerebral cortex' input to spinal cord targets. To maintain their unique cytoarchitecture with a prominent apical dendrite and a very long axon, UMNs require a stable cell membrane, a lipid bilayer. Lipids can act as building blocks for many biomolecules, and they also contribute to the production of energy. Therefore, UMNs require sustained control over the production, utilization and homeostasis of lipids. Perturbations of lipid homeostasis lead to UMN vulnerability and progressive degeneration in diseases such as hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) and primary lateral sclerosis (PLS). Here, we discuss the importance of lipids, especially for UMNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aksu Gunay
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA, 60611
| | - Heather H Shin
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA, 60611
| | - Oge Gozutok
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA, 60611
| | - Mukesh Gautam
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA, 60611
| | - P Hande Ozdinler
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA, 60611.
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Manzano R, Toivonen JM, Moreno-Martínez L, de la Torre M, Moreno-García L, López-Royo T, Molina N, Zaragoza P, Calvo AC, Osta R. What skeletal muscle has to say in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Implications for therapy. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:1279-1297. [PMID: 32986860 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an adult onset disorder characterized by progressive neuromuscular junction (NMJ) dismantling and degeneration of motor neurons leading to atrophy and paralysis of voluntary muscles responsible for motion and breathing. Except for a minority of patients harbouring genetic mutations, the origin of most ALS cases remains elusive. Peripheral tissues, and particularly skeletal muscle, have lately demonstrated an active contribution to disease pathology attracting a growing interest for these tissues as therapeutic targets in ALS. In this sense, molecular mechanisms essential for cell and tissue homeostasis have been shown to be deregulated in the disease. These include muscle metabolism and mitochondrial activity, RNA processing, tissue-resident stem cell function responsible for muscle regeneration, and proteostasis that regulates muscle mass in adulthood. This review aims to compile scientific evidence that demonstrates the role of skeletal muscle in ALS pathology and serves as reference for development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting this tissue to delay disease onset and progression. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Neurochemistry in Japan. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.6/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Manzano
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Animal Genetics, University of Zaragoza, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Agroalimentary Institute of Aragon (IA2), Institute of Health Research of Aragon (IIS), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Janne Markus Toivonen
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Animal Genetics, University of Zaragoza, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Agroalimentary Institute of Aragon (IA2), Institute of Health Research of Aragon (IIS), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura Moreno-Martínez
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Animal Genetics, University of Zaragoza, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Agroalimentary Institute of Aragon (IA2), Institute of Health Research of Aragon (IIS), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miriam de la Torre
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Animal Genetics, University of Zaragoza, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Agroalimentary Institute of Aragon (IA2), Institute of Health Research of Aragon (IIS), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Leticia Moreno-García
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Animal Genetics, University of Zaragoza, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Agroalimentary Institute of Aragon (IA2), Institute of Health Research of Aragon (IIS), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Tresa López-Royo
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Animal Genetics, University of Zaragoza, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Agroalimentary Institute of Aragon (IA2), Institute of Health Research of Aragon (IIS), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Nora Molina
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Animal Genetics, University of Zaragoza, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Agroalimentary Institute of Aragon (IA2), Institute of Health Research of Aragon (IIS), Zaragoza, Spain.,Geriatrics Service, Hospital Nuestra Señora de Gracia, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Zaragoza
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Animal Genetics, University of Zaragoza, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Agroalimentary Institute of Aragon (IA2), Institute of Health Research of Aragon (IIS), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana Cristina Calvo
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Animal Genetics, University of Zaragoza, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Agroalimentary Institute of Aragon (IA2), Institute of Health Research of Aragon (IIS), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rosario Osta
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Animal Genetics, University of Zaragoza, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Agroalimentary Institute of Aragon (IA2), Institute of Health Research of Aragon (IIS), Zaragoza, Spain
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44
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Liu J, Luo X, Chen X, Shang H. Lipid Profile in Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Neurol 2020; 11:567753. [PMID: 33178110 PMCID: PMC7593382 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.567753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Studies have investigated the lipid profile in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), including the levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and higher low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and the associations with mortality of ALS, but the results were inconsistent. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to systematically answer this unsolved question. Methods: We searched all the related studies that probed into the association between serum lipid levels and ALS based on PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library from January 1990 to July 2020. The quality of the included studies was evaluated by using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). All the statistical analyses of this meta-analysis were performed using the Stata version 12.0 software. Results: Fourteen studies with a total of 3,291 ALS patients and 3,367 controls were included. Among them, 10 studies compared the lipid profile between ALS patients and controls. The results indicated that compared with controls, ALS patients from both Europe and Asia had lower levels of TG and HDL, but the levels of TC and LDL were higher in ALS patients from Europe. However, after systemic analyses, the altered TC level was significant only in Asian ALS patients; the differences of other lipids were not significant. Concerning the effect of lipid profile on mortality of ALS, analyses of four cohort studies showed that the levels of all lipids were not associated with overall mortality in ALS. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that Asian ALS patients had lower TC levels than controls, and the levels of all lipids were not associated with mortality of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Liu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyue Luo
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueping Chen
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huifang Shang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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45
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Bouscary A, Quessada C, René F, Spedding M, Turner BJ, Henriques A, Ngo ST, Loeffler JP. Sphingolipids metabolism alteration in the central nervous system: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 112:82-91. [PMID: 33160824 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are complex lipids. They play a structural role in neurons, but are also involved in regulating cellular communication, and neuronal differentiation and maturation. There is increasing evidence to suggest that dysregulated metabolism of sphingolipids is linked to neurodegenerative processes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's disease and Gaucher's disease. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of sphingolipids in the development and maintenance of the nervous system. We describe the implications of altered metabolism of sphingolipids in the pathophysiology of certain neurodegenerative diseases, with a primary focus on ALS. Finally, we provide an update of potential treatments that could be used to target the metabolism of sphingolipids in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Bouscary
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR_S 1118, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, CRBS, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France; INSERM, U1118, Mécanismes Centraux et Périphériques de la Neurodégénérescence, CRBS, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Cyril Quessada
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR_S 1118, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, CRBS, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France; INSERM, U1118, Mécanismes Centraux et Périphériques de la Neurodégénérescence, CRBS, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Frédérique René
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR_S 1118, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, CRBS, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France; INSERM, U1118, Mécanismes Centraux et Périphériques de la Neurodégénérescence, CRBS, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Michael Spedding
- Spedding Research Solutions SAS, 6 rue Ampere, 78650 Le Vesinet, France
| | - Bradley J Turner
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | | | - Shyuan T Ngo
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Building 75, Cnr College Rd & Cooper Rd, Brisbane city, QLD 4072, Australia; Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Building 71/918, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital Campus, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute Building 79, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jean-Philippe Loeffler
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR_S 1118, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, CRBS, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France; INSERM, U1118, Mécanismes Centraux et Périphériques de la Neurodégénérescence, CRBS, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
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46
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Gentile F, Doneddu PE, Riva N, Nobile-Orazio E, Quattrini A. Diet, Microbiota and Brain Health: Unraveling the Network Intersecting Metabolism and Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7471. [PMID: 33050475 PMCID: PMC7590163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence gives support for the idea that extra-neuronal factors may affect brain physiology and its predisposition to neurodegenerative diseases. Epidemiological and experimental studies show that nutrition and metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes increase the risk of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases after midlife, while the relationship with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is uncertain, but suggests a protective effect of features of metabolic syndrome. The microbiota has recently emerged as a novel factor engaging strong interactions with neurons and glia, deeply affecting their function and behavior in these diseases. In particular, recent evidence suggested that gut microbes are involved in the seeding of prion-like proteins and their spreading to the central nervous system. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the impact of metabolism, diet and microbiota in neurodegeneration, by affecting simultaneously several aspects of health regarding energy metabolism, immune system and neuronal function. Advancing technologies may allow researchers in the future to improve investigations in these fields, allowing the buildup of population-based preventive interventions and development of targeted therapeutics to halt progressive neurologic disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Gentile
- Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (F.G.); (N.R.)
- Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service, Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute IRCCS, 20089 Milan, Italy; (P.E.D.); (E.N.-O.)
| | - Pietro Emiliano Doneddu
- Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service, Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute IRCCS, 20089 Milan, Italy; (P.E.D.); (E.N.-O.)
| | - Nilo Riva
- Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (F.G.); (N.R.)
- Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Eduardo Nobile-Orazio
- Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service, Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute IRCCS, 20089 Milan, Italy; (P.E.D.); (E.N.-O.)
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Quattrini
- Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (F.G.); (N.R.)
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47
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Steyn FJ, Li R, Kirk SE, Tefera TW, Xie TY, Tracey TJ, Kelk D, Wimberger E, Garton FC, Roberts L, Chapman SE, Coombes JS, Leevy WM, Ferri A, Valle C, René F, Loeffler JP, McCombe PA, Henderson RD, Ngo ST. Altered skeletal muscle glucose-fatty acid flux in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain Commun 2020; 2:fcaa154. [PMID: 33241210 PMCID: PMC7677608 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is characterized by the degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons, yet an increasing number of studies in both mouse models and patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis suggest that altered metabolic homeostasis is also a feature of disease. Pre-clinical and clinical studies have shown that modulation of energy balance can be beneficial in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, the capacity to target specific metabolic pathways or mechanisms requires detailed understanding of metabolic dysregulation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Here, using the superoxide dismutase 1, glycine to alanine substitution at amino acid 93 (SOD1G93A) mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, we demonstrate that an increase in whole-body metabolism occurs at a time when glycolytic muscle exhibits an increased dependence on fatty acid oxidation. Using myotubes derived from muscle of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients, we also show that increased dependence on fatty acid oxidation is associated with increased whole-body energy expenditure. In the present study, increased fatty acid oxidation was associated with slower disease progression. However, within the patient cohort, there was considerable heterogeneity in whole-body metabolism and fuel oxidation profiles. Thus, future studies that decipher specific metabolic changes at an individual patient level are essential for the development of treatments that aim to target metabolic pathways in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik J Steyn
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia.,Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane 4029, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Brisbane 4029, Australia.,Wesley Medical Research, Level 8 East Wing, The Wesley Hospital, Auchenflower 4066, Australia
| | - Rui Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia.,The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Siobhan E Kirk
- The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Tesfaye W Tefera
- The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Teresa Y Xie
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Timothy J Tracey
- The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Dean Kelk
- The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Elyse Wimberger
- The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Fleur C Garton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Llion Roberts
- School of Human Movements and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia.,School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, Gold Coast 4222, Australia
| | - Sarah E Chapman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Jeff S Coombes
- School of Human Movements and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - W Matthew Leevy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Alberto Ferri
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,National Research Council, Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiana Valle
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,National Research Council, Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), Rome, Italy
| | - Frédérique René
- INSERM, U1118, Mécanismes Centraux et Périphériques de la Neurodégénérescence, Strasbourg, France.,Université de Strasbourg, UMRS1118, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Loeffler
- INSERM, U1118, Mécanismes Centraux et Périphériques de la Neurodégénérescence, Strasbourg, France.,Université de Strasbourg, UMRS1118, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pamela A McCombe
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane 4029, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Brisbane 4029, Australia.,Wesley Medical Research, Level 8 East Wing, The Wesley Hospital, Auchenflower 4066, Australia
| | - Robert D Henderson
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane 4029, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Brisbane 4029, Australia.,Wesley Medical Research, Level 8 East Wing, The Wesley Hospital, Auchenflower 4066, Australia
| | - Shyuan T Ngo
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane 4029, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Brisbane 4029, Australia.,Wesley Medical Research, Level 8 East Wing, The Wesley Hospital, Auchenflower 4066, Australia.,The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia.,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia
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48
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Dysregulation of metabolic pathways by carnitine palmitoyl-transferase 1 plays a key role in central nervous system disorders: experimental evidence based on animal models. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15583. [PMID: 32973137 PMCID: PMC7519132 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72638-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of CNS diseases including multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis remains elusive despite decades of research resulting in treatments with only symptomatic effects. In this study, we provide evidence that a metabolic shift from glucose to lipid is a key mechanism in neurodegeneration. We show that, by downregulating the metabolism of lipids through the key molecule carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT1), it is possible to reverse or slowdown disease progression in experimental models of autoimmune encephalomyelitis-, SOD1G93A and rotenone models, mimicking these CNS diseases in humans. The effect was seen both when applying a CPT1 blocker or by using a Cpt1a P479L mutant mouse strain. Furthermore, we show that diet, epigenetics, and microbiota are key elements in this metabolic shift. Finally, we present a systemic model for understanding the complex etiology of neurodegeneration and how different regulatory systems are interconnected through a central metabolic pathway that becomes deregulated under specific conditions.
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49
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Tracey TJ, Kirk SE, Steyn FJ, Ngo ST. The role of lipids in the central nervous system and their pathological implications in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 112:69-81. [PMID: 32962914 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lipids play an important role in the central nervous system (CNS). They contribute to the structural integrity and physical characteristics of cell and organelle membranes, act as bioactive signalling molecules, and are utilised as fuel sources for mitochondrial metabolism. The intricate homeostatic mechanisms underpinning lipid handling and metabolism across two major CNS cell types; neurons and astrocytes, are integral for cellular health and maintenance. Here, we explore the various roles of lipids in these two cell types. Given that changes in lipid metabolism have been identified in a number of neurodegenerative diseases, we also discuss changes in lipid handling and utilisation in the context of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), in order to identify key cellular processes affected by the disease, and inform future areas of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Tracey
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - S E Kirk
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - F J Steyn
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - S T Ngo
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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50
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Floare ML, Allen SP. Why TDP-43? Why Not? Mechanisms of Metabolic Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Neurosci Insights 2020; 15:2633105520957302. [PMID: 32995749 PMCID: PMC7503004 DOI: 10.1177/2633105520957302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder for which there is no effective curative treatment available and minimal palliative care. Mutations in the gene encoding the TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) are a well-recognized genetic cause of ALS, and an imbalance in energy homeostasis correlates closely to disease susceptibility and progression. Considering previous research supporting a plethora of downstream cellular impairments originating in the histopathological signature of TDP-43, and the solid evidence around metabolic dysfunction in ALS, a causal association between TDP-43 pathology and metabolic dysfunction cannot be ruled out. Here we discuss how TDP-43 contributes on a molecular level to these impairments in energy homeostasis, and whether the protein's pathological effects on cellular metabolism differ from those of other genetic risk factors associated with ALS such as superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72) and fused in sarcoma (FUS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara-Luciana Floare
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Scott P. Allen
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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