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Godinho CA, Pereira CR, Pegado A, Luz R, Alvarez MJ. Condom use across casual and committed relationships: The role of relationship characteristics. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304952. [PMID: 39024308 PMCID: PMC11257321 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the existence of a complex variety of casual sexual relationships (CSRs) has been acknowledged, studies rarely describe the prevalence of condom use across these relationships or how their hybrid nature, specifically relationship characteristics, affect condom use. This study aims to describe condom use within committed relationships and various types of casual sexual relationships (CSRs), examining the influence of relationship characteristics on condom use among culturally validated relationship types (committed, friends with benefits, hookups, booty call). METHODS Emerging adults (N = 728, 18-29 years, M = 22.56; SD = 3.01) completed a survey with four blocks: sociodemographics; brief sexual history; relationships over the previous year; and current relationship, assessing relationship type, ten relationship characteristics (e.g., commitment, emotional and sexual exclusivity, partner acquaintance, sexual involvement) and condom use (vaginal, oral, and anal), operationalized by three measures (use at last encounter, likert-type scale and percentage of use). RESULTS The results showed patterns in condom use by relationship type and illuminated how relationship characteristics-grouped into three factors: commitment, intimacy, and sexuality-mediate condom use. Condom use was more frequent in vaginal than anal and oral sex, and less frequent in committed relationships. No significant differences were found in condom use in vaginal sex between committed relationships and hookups, with condom in these relationships being significantly lower than in booty call. Intimacy mediated between all contrasts tested and condom use in vaginal sex, while sexuality mediated between committed vs. CSRs and condom use in anal and oral sex. CONCLUSIONS Findings point to the need of considering the diversity of CSRs for understanding condom use and highlight the role of intimacy as a relevant mechanism associated with condom use in vaginal sex and of sexuality in oral and anal sex, which should be taken into consideration in the tailoring of health promoting efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina A. Godinho
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Comprehensive Health Research Center, CHRC, NOVA University Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Ana Pegado
- CICPSI, Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rita Luz
- CICPSI, Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria-João Alvarez
- CICPSI, Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Crockett LJ, Moilanen KL, Cartwright ML. Pathways From Individual Characteristics to Subjective Consequences of Sex: The Mediating Role of Risky Sexual Encounters. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEXUAL HEALTH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEXUAL HEALTH 2023; 35:230-247. [PMID: 38601009 PMCID: PMC10903652 DOI: 10.1080/19317611.2023.2204304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Objectives: This study examined associations between young adults' psychological characteristics and psychosocial consequences of sex, and whether risky sexual encounters mediated these associations. Methods: College students (N = 265; Mage = 19.49) completed questionnaires concerning risky sexual relationships, behaviors, situations, and psychosocial consequences during their most recent encounter and over the last year. Results: Sexual restraint indirectly predicted positive consequences of the most recent encounter via risky sexual behaviors. Sexual restraint and permissiveness predicted positive and negative consequences over the past year via risky relationships. Conclusions: Psychological characteristics may influence the likelihood of risky sexual encounters, thereby influencing consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J. Crockett
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Kristin L. Moilanen
- Child Development and Family Studies, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
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Hawkins SE, DeLuca HK, Claxton SE, Baker EA. Sexual Behaviors, Satisfaction, and Intentions to Engage in Casual Sexual Relationships and Experiences in Emerging Adulthood. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 52:1575-1591. [PMID: 36542273 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-022-02508-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the role of sexual behavior and sexual satisfaction in casual sexual relationships and experiences (CSREs) on both immediate and long-term intentions to engage in further CSREs in a sample of emerging adults. We examined how four different operationalizations of sexual behavior (1) Penetrative sexual behaviors not including oral sex vs. non-penetrative sexual behaviors, (2) Penetrative sexual behaviors including oral sex vs. non-penetrative sexual behaviors, (3) Most sexually intimate behaviors, and (4) A sum score of sexual behaviors) and sexual satisfaction were associated with immediate intentions to engage in CSREs (measured during a five-day daily diary) and long-term intentions to engage in CSREs (measured one month later). Follow-up analyses examined intentions to engage in additional CSREs with a different partner. Our sample (N = 274) included both college-attending and non-college-attending emerging adults. Path analysis models indicated that more sexually intimate behaviors were associated with higher sexual satisfaction following a CSRE. Additionally, sexual satisfaction, but not type of sexual behavior, was associated with both immediate and long-term intentions to engage in CSREs above and beyond the effects of sample, gender, alcohol consumption, and previous CSREs. Follow-up analyses indicated that only alcohol consumption and gender were significantly associated with immediate intentions to engage in a CSRE, and only daily diary intentions and gender were significantly associated with long-term intentions to engage in a CSRE. Overall, these findings support previous research that suggests positive outcomes of a CSRE (sexual satisfaction) are associated with higher intentions to engage in future CSREs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie E Hawkins
- Department of Psychology, California State University San Marcos, 333 S. Twin Oaks Valley Rd, San Marcos, CA, 92026, USA.
| | - Haylee K DeLuca
- Department of Psychology, California State University San Marcos, 333 S. Twin Oaks Valley Rd, San Marcos, CA, 92026, USA
| | - Shannon E Claxton
- Department of Psychology, Morningside University, 1501 Morningside Ave, Sioux City, Iowa, 51106, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Baker
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
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Dyachenko E. Interpersonal scripts and sexual communication: experiences and perspectives of young people in St. Petersburg, Russia. CULTURE, HEALTH & SEXUALITY 2023; 25:368-381. [PMID: 35244497 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2022.2045037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In Russia, young adults face many barriers that prevent them from accessing reliable and up-to-date knowledge about what sexual communication between partners can look like. This may lead to episodes of sexual miscommunication, which in turn sometimes result in sexual aggression. The study aimed to identify how following prevalent sexual scripts facilitates clear sexual communication or alternatives leads to miscommunication between Russian young adults. Individual in-depth interviews were conducted with 14 women and 11 men aged 19-25 years living in St. Petersburg (Russia) who had had at least one sexual partner of the opposite sex. Data were analysed thematically. Four themes were developed from the interviews: (1) endorsing (or not endorsing) traditional sexual scripts, (2) the presence or absence of sexual compliance, (3) softening refusal of sexual contact or intercourse, (4) the belief that asking for consent is unusual. Findings indicate that patterns and clarity of sexual communication differ depending on the type of relationship (serious, casual, and other), its stage, and partners' beliefs. Study findings underscore the need for sex and sexuality education for young people in Russia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta Dyachenko
- Saint-Petersburg School of Social Sciences and Area Studies, National Research University Higher School of Economics, St. Petersburg, Russia
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5
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Luz R, Pegado A, Godinho C, Pereira C, Alvarez MJ. Multiple Casual Sex Scripts: Shared Beliefs about Behavior among Portuguese Emerging Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEXUAL HEALTH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEXUAL HEALTH 2023; 35:105-122. [PMID: 38596769 PMCID: PMC10903638 DOI: 10.1080/19317611.2023.2172512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Objective Empirical research to differentiate casual sex scripts is still limited. We aimed to ascertain the sexual scripts for three main types of casual sexual relationships: hookup, friends with benefits and one-night stands. Methods Through a mixed-method approach, we performed a study consisting in two sequential tasks to (1) complete three lists of script actions, and (2) identify the most agreed-upon actions for each casual sexual relationship. Results An important number of actions and events were identified for the three casual sexual scripts, reflecting a high level of elaboration and structure. Following a cognitive-script methodology, the actions retained for the content of the script for each casual sexual relationship were those obtaining at least 60% in respect to the mean of their centrality to the encounter. Only 16.5% of actions were shared among the three scripts, demonstrating their distinctiveness. Conclusion Knowledge about the different casual sex scripts can be used to develop relational and personal skills within CSRs and decrease unwanted experiences such as condomless sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Luz
- Faculdade de Psicologia, CICPSI, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Pegado
- Faculdade de Psicologia, CICPSI, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cristina Godinho
- Católica Research Centre for Psychological, Family and Social Wellbeing, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cícero Pereira
- Instituto de Ciências Sociais, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria-João Alvarez
- Faculdade de Psicologia, CICPSI, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Wilder S, Scott C. Sex at Sea: Undergraduates' Perceptions of Sexual Relationships During Their Semester at Sea Voyage. SEXUALITY & CULTURE 2022; 26:2000-2018. [PMID: 35730003 PMCID: PMC9198201 DOI: 10.1007/s12119-022-09980-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Often viewed as right of passage in emerging adulthood on college campuses, most undergraduate students participate in casual sex during their undergraduate career. Sexual exploration typically continues during study abroad programs; however, these programs have previously been associated with an increase in risky sexual behavior due to a lack of familiar social norms and community. The current study examined the casual sexual relationships of 302 undergraduates participating in Semester at Sea, an eleven country, 106-day voyage which incorporates aspects of a traditional college campus combined with the novel experience of studying abroad. The purpose of this research was to explore students' casual sexual relationship perceptions and behaviors in the context of a structured and community-oriented study abroad environment. Over half (52%) of the student population completed a series of open-ended questions regarding their uncommitted sexual activity during the Semester at Sea voyage. Results indicated that 16.9% of students engaged in at least one casual sexual relationship over the course of the trip. Casual sex relationships on-board the Semester at Sea voyage were less prevalent than those on traditional college campuses, but casual sex relationships at sea appeared to focus more on the importance of communication and boundaries during the sexual relationship and concluded on a more positive note. It is likely that these decisions were influenced by the established communal culture on-board the ship, which encouraged students to maintain harmonious social relationships and a high level of awareness of others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siri Wilder
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, United States
| | - Christina Scott
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Whittier College, Whittier, United States
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Fahs B, Swank E. Who counts as a sexual partner? Women’s criteria for defining and sorting through their sexual histories. PSYCHOLOGY & SEXUALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19419899.2022.2090271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Breanne Fahs
- Women and Gender Studies Program Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Eric Swank
- Women and Gender Studies Program Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ, USA
- Social and Cultural Analysis Program, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ, USA
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Bible J, Matera K, van Eeden-Moorefield B. An Empirical Examination of Hookup Definitions Across the Literature, 2000-2019. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2022; 51:1773-1781. [PMID: 35039985 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-02115-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There has been a longstanding debate about what constitutes hooking up. To date, little research has analyzed how hookups are being defined such that the field can foster consistency across definitions. To inform this debate, we conducted a content analysis of 122 empirical articles across disciplines (e.g., human sexuality, public health) from 2000 to 2019 by systematically coding conceptual definitions of hooking up contained in the articles using five commonly discussed dimensions of hooking up (behaviors, nature of partner relationship, span of hookup interaction, frequency of hookup behavior, and level of romantic commitment expectation). Unspecified sexual intercourse (52.5%) was the most frequently identified behavior in definitions. The majority of hookup definitions did not mention the nature of partner relationship (e.g., acquaintance, friend), the duration of the hookup interaction, or the frequency of hookup behavior. Additionally, most conceptual definitions (82.0%) mentioned that the relationship was uncommitted, but only half discussed the level of romantic commitment expectations. Overall, most conceptual definitions relied on behaviors rather than all five dimensions, resulting in broad and non-descript definitions of hookups. We suggest that future hookup definitions explicitly reference behaviors, nature of partner relationship, span of hookup interaction, frequency of hookup behavior, and level of romantic commitment expectation to provide clarity, comparability, and validity across future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Bible
- Office of the Provost, Illinois State University, Box 4620, Normal, IL, 61790-4620, USA.
| | - Kristin Matera
- Department of Family Science and Human Development, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA
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Luz R, Alvarez MJ, Godinho CA, Pereira CR. A Fertile Ground for Ambiguities: Casual Sexual Relationships Among Portuguese Emerging Adults. Front Psychol 2022; 13:823102. [PMID: 35250764 PMCID: PMC8894867 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.823102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Casual sexual relationships (CSRs) are frequent relationship experiences in young adulthood that provide opportunities for many to explore sexual relationships and to construct their sexual identity. Empirical research on casual sex is still lacking outside North-American countries, despite evidence pointing to the need to contextualize sexual interactions in their own sociocultural context. In order to better understand casual sexual relationships, these should be examined in with novel samples in other countries where a “hookup culture” as it is described in the North-American university campus is apparently absent. Through a qualitative study, we explored what casual sexual relationships consist of according to the perceptions of Portuguese college students (N = 35). The thematic analysis of eight focus group interviews resulted in the generation of six themes, three of which are presented here: (1) What CSRs are, regarding features and types of CSRs, (2) Why individuals engage in CSRs, focusing on positive and negative motivations, and (3) What one gets from CSRs, focusing on positive and negative outcomes of CSRs. Our findings showed that Portuguese emerging adults are familiarized with CSRs, particularly with one-night stand, friends with benefits and “curte”/hookup. Sexual interactions associated with other CSRs, such as booty call or fuck buddies, were mentioned but rarely associated with a distinctive label and established characteristics. Participants described the CSRs in a partially overlapping manner presenting some areas of ambiguity, such as with regard to sexual exclusivity and still-unlabeled sexual interactions. CSRs are generally evaluated as positively motivated and mainly beneficial. This study adds to the literature around casual sexual relationships by exploring and describing CSRs in a different sociocultural context, as well as indicating directions for future research in order to better prepare and empower young adults in their sexual and relational trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Luz
- Faculdade de Psicologia, CICPSI, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Rita Luz,
| | - Maria-João Alvarez
- Faculdade de Psicologia, CICPSI, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina A. Godinho
- Católica Research Centre for Psychological, Family and Social Wellbeing, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social, ISCTE, Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cicero R. Pereira
- Instituto de Ciências Sociais, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Departamento de Psicologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
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Sprecher S, O'Sullivan LF, Drouin M, Verette-Lindenbaum J, Willetts MC. Perhaps It Was Too Soon: College Students' Reflections on the Timing of Their Sexual Debut. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2022; 59:39-52. [PMID: 33646063 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2021.1885599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Early sexual debut has been a focus of social scientific research due to its association with adverse circumstances and negative outcomes. However, there has been a recent shift to considering not only chronological age, but also the degree to which the event is viewed to be optimally timed (i.e., the perception that it occurred at the "right time" versus too soon). The purpose of this study was to assess how individual/family background variables and contextual aspects of the experience (including partner and relationship aspects) are associated with both the actual age at sexual debut and the perceived acceptability of the timing of the event. Using data collected from students at a U.S. university between 1990 and 2019 (N = 6,430), several factors (in addition to chronological age) were associated with the perceived acceptability of the timing of sexual debut. Strong gender differences were found - women perceived their timing to be less acceptable, even though they did not differ from men in actual age at sexual debut. Other robust predictors of perceived acceptability included (lower) religious involvement and recalling desire (for the experience), pleasure, and lower guilt at the time. Only slight changes occurred over the 30-year period in age at sexual debut and perceived acceptability of the timing. Suggestions for future research are provided and implications for sex education/sexual health interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Sprecher
- Department of Sociology & Anthropology, Illinois State University
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11
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Lubis R, Hinduan ZR, Jatnika R, Baydhowi B, Agustiani H. The Development and Initial Validation of the Youth Sexual Intention Scale: Indonesian Version. INQUIRY: THE JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION, AND FINANCING 2022; 59:469580221087833. [PMID: 35428420 PMCID: PMC9016520 DOI: 10.1177/00469580221087833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Interventions for the early sexual problem in adolescents require proper
measurement of sexual intentions. The adolescent sexual intention scales have
been widely used by researchers in the West. However, those scales are not very
suitable for adolescents in eastern cultures such as Indonesia. As a religious
society, Indonesian people have different sexual expectations from liberal
western society. Religious teachings and societal norms shape sexual beliefs
that reflect semi-restrictive sexual socialization. Thus, sexual intention
measurement that represents the sexual beliefs of the subject under study
becomes important. Therefore, this two-steps study aims to develop and validate
the Youth Sexual Intention Scale (YSIS). In the first step, qualitative
elaboration resulted in 27 themes of adolescent sexual beliefs, which turned
into 31 items according to the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). In the second
step, we selected 396 students using the cluster random sampling technique. We
investigated 2 methods of validity, content validity using CVI and construct
validity using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The content validity
examination proved that all scale items had high validity (CVI = .93).
Meanwhile, the CFA showed that the data was fit for the model (Chi-square
819,420, P <.001, RMSEA = .056, CFI = .978, TLI = .972). The CFA groups items
into 4 dimensions, namely, sexual attitudes, subjective norms, perceived
behavioral control, and sexual intentions. The reliability test shows an Alpha
coefficient of .854. We conclude that 26-items YSIS is a valid and reliable
instrument to measure belief-based youth sexual intentions (15–18 years) in
religious culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmi Lubis
- Psychology Faculty, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, Indonesia
- Psychology Faculty, University of Medan Area, Medan, Indonesia
| | | | - Ratna Jatnika
- Psychology Faculty, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, Indonesia
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12
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Estcourt CS, Flowers P, Cassell JA, Pothoulaki M, Vojt G, Mapp F, Woode-Owusu M, Low N, Saunders J, Symonds M, Howarth A, Wayal S, Nandwani R, Brice S, Comer A, Johnson AM, Mercer CH. Going beyond 'regular and casual': development of a classification of sexual partner types to enhance partner notification for STIs. Sex Transm Infect 2021; 98:108-114. [PMID: 33927009 PMCID: PMC8862076 DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2020-054846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To develop a classification of sexual partner types for use in partner notification (PN) for STIs. Methods A four-step process: (1) an iterative synthesis of five sources of evidence: scoping review of social and health sciences literature on partner types; analysis of relationship types in dating apps; systematic review of PN intervention content; and review of PN guidelines; qualitative interviews with public, patients and health professionals to generate an initial comprehensive classification; (2) multidisciplinary clinical expert consultation to revise the classification; (3) piloting of the revised classification in sexual health clinics during a randomised controlled trial of PN; (4) application of the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to identify index patients’ willingness to engage in PN for each partner type. Results Five main partner types emerged from the evidence synthesis and consultation: ‘established partner’, ‘new partner’, ‘occasional partner’, ‘one-off partner’ and ‘sex worker’. The types differed across several dimensions, including likely perceptions of sexual exclusivity, likelihood of sex reoccurring between index patient and sex partner. Sexual health professionals found the classification easy to operationalise. During the trial, they assigned all 3288 partners described by 2223 index patients to a category. The TDF analysis suggested that the partner types might be associated with different risks of STI reinfection, onward transmission and index patients’ engagement with PN. Conclusions We developed an evidence-informed, useable classification of five sexual partner types to underpin PN practice and other STI prevention interventions. Analysis of biomedical, psychological and social factors that distinguish different partner types shows how each could warrant a tailored PN approach. This classification could facilitate the use of partner-centred outcomes. Additional studies are needed to determine the utility of the classification to improve measurement of the impact of PN strategies and help focus resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia S Estcourt
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
- Sandyford Sexual Health Service, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Paul Flowers
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jackie A Cassell
- Primary Care and Public Health, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Brighton and Hove, UK
| | - Maria Pothoulaki
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gabriele Vojt
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Fiona Mapp
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Nicola Low
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - John Saunders
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
- Blood Safety, Hepatitis, STI & HIV Division, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Merle Symonds
- Department of Sexual Health, West Sussex Health and Social Care NHS Trust, Worthing, West Sussex, UK
| | - Alison Howarth
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Rak Nandwani
- Sandyford Sexual Health Service, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Alex Comer
- Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Anne M Johnson
- Department of Infection & Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Catherine H Mercer
- Centre for Sexual Health and HIV Research, University College London, London, UK
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Alvarez MJ, Pereira CR, Godinho CA, Luz R. Clear-Cut Terms and Culture-Sensitive Characteristics of Distinctive Casual Sexual Relationships in Portuguese Emerging Adults. SEXUALITY & CULTURE 2021; 25:1966-1989. [PMID: 33867786 PMCID: PMC8036008 DOI: 10.1007/s12119-021-09859-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Casual sexual relationships (CSR) are increasingly common but limited empirical research has addressed their terminology and distinctive characteristics. This study sought to identify the most clear-cut terms and to consider how culture-sensitive characteristics distinguish casual sexual relationships among Portuguese emerging adults (N = 262, 18-29 years old). We combined two qualitative studies - one by association and another by free recall - to ascertain the clarity of the terms, plus a quantitative study to further characterize and differentiate them. Participants were asked to match descriptions of CSRs with the respective terms by which they are known (Study 1). The same was investigated using an evocation task requesting that participants produce the terms by which the described CSRs are known (Study 2). Binary logistic regressions were performed to analyze the associations between encounters and labels chosen, taking the effect of gender and age into account. In the third study, participants rated the degree to which eight characteristics were present in the types of CSR, a simultaneous task that led to greater understanding of their descriptive and differentiating characteristics. Multivariate analysis of variance was used, with gender and age as covariates. We conclude that two types of CSR - friends with benefits and one-night stand - and, to a lesser extent, making out, are understood and associated with consensual labels, also found by free-recall. These CSRs proved to be distinct, as they are understood as more different than similar in a set of psychoemotional, behavioral, and sexual characteristics. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12119-021-09859-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-João Alvarez
- Faculdade de Psicologia, CICPSI, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Cristina A. Godinho
- Católica Research Centre for Psychological - Family and Social Wellbeing, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Lisboa, Portugal
- CIS-IUL, Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rita Luz
- Faculdade de Psicologia, CICPSI, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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14
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Powell DN, Freedman G, Jensen K, Preston V. “Talking” as a Romantic Interaction: Is There Consensus? JOURNAL OF COUPLE & RELATIONSHIP THERAPY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15332691.2020.1867684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gili Freedman
- Department of Psychology, Saint Mary’s College of Maryland, St Mary's City, Maryland, USA
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15
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Soster AP, Souza MLAD, Castro EKD. Percepção de Risco e Comportamentos de Saúde em Relação ao Sexo Casual em Universitárias. PSICO-USF 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-82712021260110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Este estudo buscou explorar e comparar a percepção dos riscos à saúde física e os comportamentos de saúde do sexo casual entre universitárias com (CEX) e sem experiência (SEX) de sexo casual. Participaram 1.133 universitárias brasileiras (média de idade igual a 21,05 anos, DP = 2,05), a maioria nascidas e residentes na região Sul do país, que responderam a um questionário on-line com questões sobre a percepção dos riscos físicos, comportamentos de saúde, comportamento e histórico sexual. Foi encontrada diferença significativa nos comportamentos de saúde e nas percepções de risco entre os grupos. O grupo CEX apresentou mais comportamentos de saúde e cuidados que o grupo SEX. Embora o sexo casual esteja relacionado aos comportamentos de risco, neste estudo, as mulheres CEX apresentaram mais medidas de proteção à saúde que as mulheres SEX.
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16
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Norris AL, Carey KB, Guthrie KM, Rich CM, Krieger NH, Kaplan C, Carey MP. Partner Type and Young Women's Sexual Behavior: A Qualitative Inquiry. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2021; 50:359-372. [PMID: 32661814 PMCID: PMC7855024 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-020-01780-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) has increased over recent years, particularly among young women. Partner type is believed to influence women's STI risk. However, researchers often restrict partner type to "casual" versus "committed," labels that can mask risk variability. Therefore, in this study, we identified and explored a range of sexual partner types in order to understand how young women's perceived risk and condom use intentions vary by partner type. Data were obtained during six focus groups of young women (N =25) who were recruited from a community reproductive healthcare clinic. Women described a range of monogamous and non-monogamous partner types that were distinguished based on partner regularity (i.e., whether the sexual partnership was ongoing) and personal relationship (i.e., degree of involvement outside of the sexual relationship). Women's perceived STI risk was higher and condom use intentions stronger with new partners, particularly unfamiliar partners (i.e., "one-night stand," "fuck boy"). Women identified potential harm from condom negotiation with all but the "friends with benefits" partners. However, the nature of this harm differed by partner type. Clinicians and researchers should consider how to support women in advocating for safer sexual behaviors across these partner types by understanding how partner regularity, degree of personal relationship, and emotional attachment differentially impact couples' condom use decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa L Norris
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, 164 Summit Avenue, Coro West Suite 309, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Kate B Carey
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Kate M Guthrie
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, 164 Summit Avenue, Coro West Suite 309, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Carla M Rich
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, 164 Summit Avenue, Coro West Suite 309, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Naomi H Krieger
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, 164 Summit Avenue, Coro West Suite 309, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Clair Kaplan
- Department of Clinical Research, Planned Parenthood of Southern New England, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael P Carey
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, 164 Summit Avenue, Coro West Suite 309, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
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17
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Carter A, Newman C, de Visser R, Yeung A, Rissel C, Grulich A, Haire B, Bateson D, Vaughn C, McGeechan K, Donovan B, Richters J, Guy R. Unwanted Sex Due to Intoxication among Australians Aged 16-69 Years. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2021; 58:74-85. [PMID: 33052063 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2020.1829530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Intoxication can be a factor in unwanted sex, but research on the extent of the issue in both women and men is limited. We assessed the prevalence, correlates, and 10-year time-trends of unwanted sex due to intoxication among a representative sample of 4,279 women and 3,875 men aged 16-69 years in Australia and considered how these vary by gender. In 2012-13, 16% of women and 10% of men reported ever having had a sexual experience when they "did not want to because they were too drunk or high at the time." For both women and men, this was associated with younger age, bisexual activity, and reports of lifetime injection drug use, sexually transmitted infections, and forced sex. Among women only, it was associated with drinking above guideline levels and ever having terminated a pregnancy. Among men only, it was associated with current tobacco smoking, elevated psychosocial distress, and poor general health. Compared with 2001-02 data, fewer men reported unwanted intoxicated sex, while there were no changes for women as a whole. Interpreting these findings through an intersectional assemblage framework supports stronger understanding of the multiple factors influencing sexuality and substance use with implications for promoting equity, safety, and sexual health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Carter
- Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University
| | | | | | - Anna Yeung
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, St Michael's Hospital
| | - Chris Rissel
- Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney
| | | | | | - Deborah Bateson
- Family Planning New South Wales
- Discipline of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Neonatology, University of Sydney
| | - Cathy Vaughn
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne
| | | | - Basil Donovan
- Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney
- Sydney Sexual Health Centre, Sydney Hospital
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18
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Aubrey JS, Yan K, Terán L, Roberts L. The Heterosexual Script on Tween, Teen, and Young-Adult Television Programs: A Content Analytic Update and Extension. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2020; 57:1134-1145. [PMID: 31829727 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2019.1699895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In a well-cited 2007 paper in Journal of Sex Research, Kim and colleagues proposed and documented a heterosexual script on primetime television. In the present study, we provide a 15-year update on the portrayal of the heterosexual script, and we further examine how it relates to three contextual variables: target age of the audience, age of the characters, and relational context of the script. Drawing from a 2016 sample of television programs that featured tween, teen, or young-adult characters, we documented three complementary sexual scripts: the sexual double standard (sexuality is equated with masculinity, women's virtue is tied to their sexuality), commitment (men avoid commitment, women seek it), and homophobia (men must avoid homosexuality, female homosexuality is voyeuristically appealing to men). Like the Kim et al. study, the dominant heterosexual script was sex as masculinity; this script was equally represented in tween, teen, and young-adult shows. The second most common script was that men prioritize sex over commitment, followed by the notion that women's virtue is tied to their sexuality. The commitment scripts were most often invoked by young-adult and adult characters, while the sexual double standard scripts were more pronounced in hookups than in committed relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kun Yan
- Department of Communication, University of Arizona
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19
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Wahba LL, Simão JB. Sexo Casual: Motivações, Atitudes e Comportamentos de Homens e Mulheres Heterossexuais Adultos. PSICOLOGIA: CIÊNCIA E PROFISSÃO 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-3703003213871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Este estudo quantitativo visou elucidar o que homens e mulheres heterossexuais entendem por sexo sem compromisso/sexo casual. Consideraram-se motivações, atitudes e comportamentos associados a essa prática como categorias de análises representativas do fenômeno. Utilizou-se questionário de autopreenchimento, distribuído e aplicado via internet. Participaram 74 mulheres e 61 homens, entre 30 e 50 anos, escolaridade média ou superior e classe social média. Os resultados sugerem que, no sexo casual, homens e mulheres possuem em comum o desejo por encontro e prazer, confirmando que a sexualidade se imprimiu de novas modulações de subjetivação do corpo e de relacionamentos interpessoais, particularmente para a mulher. Entretanto, essas identidades e inserções sociais e afetivas subjetivam-se na forma de um duplo padrão sexual que denota de modo ainda tradicional os papéis atribuídos a cada gênero. Diferem algumas expectativas de vinculação posterior e as mulheres consideram-se prejulgadas pela sociedade quando praticam sexo casual. Os homens tendem a buscar mais esse tipo de relacionamento, ao passo que as mulheres mostram maior liberdade na expressão de intimidade.
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20
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Mogilski JK, Vrabel J, Mitchell VE, Welling LL. The primacy of trust within romantic relationships: Evidence from conjoint analysis of HEXACO-derived personality profiles. EVOL HUM BEHAV 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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21
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Mgwaba T, Maharaj P. Unpacking the practice of ukujola in contemporary South Africa: understanding informal/casual sexual relations of young African adults in the context of HIV and AIDS. AJAR-AFRICAN JOURNAL OF AIDS RESEARCH 2019; 17:341-351. [PMID: 30560730 DOI: 10.2989/16085906.2018.1544573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
HIV and AIDS continue to pose a global health and development challenge, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. South Africa has the largest number of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in the world. In spite of the accelerated efforts to combat the HIV and AIDS epidemic, there still remains an unabated challenge, i.e. continuing new infections, particularly among young African adults. HIV is largely transmitted through unprotected vaginal and anal sexual intercourse. This study sought to unpack the meaning of ukujola (casual or informal sexual relationships) as socially constructed by Zulu people, and to identify underlying socio-economic factors for ukujola. This study uses a generic qualitative study approach in which 32 qualitative interviews (4 focus groups, 20 in-depth interviews and 8 key-informant interviews) were conducted with isiZulu-speaking participants (aged 21-34) from Umgungundlovu district, KwaZulu-Natal province. The study found that ukujola relationships are a relatively new phenomenon in Zulu society. Ukujola relationships encompass all "illegitimate" relationships, i.e. in which there has never been involvement of the families. The involvement of families in negotiating ilobolo (bride wealth) is a pre-requisite for legitimate relationships, particularly marriage. Multiple concurrent sexual partnerships typically exist in ukujola relationships, and unprotected sex is common. There is a need for a national dialogue on ilobolo in the context of HIV and AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Themba Mgwaba
- a School of Built Environment and Development Studies , University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban , South Africa
| | - Pranitha Maharaj
- b DST/NRF SARChI Chair in Economic Development, School of Built Environment and Development Studies , University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban , South Africa
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22
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Carter A, Greene S, Money D, Sanchez M, Webster K, Nicholson V, Brotto LA, Hankins C, Kestler M, Pick N, Salters K, Proulx-Boucher K, O'Brien N, Patterson S, de Pokomandy A, Loutfy M, Kaida A. Love with HIV: A Latent Class Analysis of Sexual and Intimate Relationship Experiences Among Women Living with HIV in Canada. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2019; 48:1015-1040. [PMID: 30891711 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-019-1418-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Love remains hidden in HIV research in favor of a focus on risk. Among 1424 women living with HIV in Canada, we explored (1) whether eight facets of sex and intimacy (marital status, sexual activity, physical intimacy, emotional closeness, power equity, sexual exclusivity, relationship duration, and couple HIV serostatus) may coalesce into distinct relationship types, and (2) how these relationship types may be linked to love as well as various social, psychological, and structural factors. Five latent classes were identified: no relationship (46.5%), relationships without sex (8.6%), and three types of sexual relationships-short term (15.4%), long term/unhappy (6.4%), and long term/happy (23.2%, characterized by equitable power, high levels of physical and emotional closeness, and mainly HIV-negative partners). While women in long-term/happy relationships were most likely to report feeling love for and wanted by someone "all of the time," love was not exclusive to sexual or romantic partners and a sizeable proportion of women reported affection across latent classes. Factors independently associated with latent class membership included age, children living at home, sexism/genderism, income, sex work, violence, trauma, depression, HIV treatment, awareness of treatment's prevention benefits, and HIV-related stigma. Findings reveal the diversity of women's experiences with respect to love, sex, and relationships and draw attention to the sociostructural factors shaping intimate partnering in the context of HIV. A nuanced focus on promoting healthy relationships and supportive social environments may offer a more comprehensive approach to supporting women's overall sexual health and well-being than programs focused solely on sexual risk reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Carter
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Blusson Hall Room 10522, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
- Epidemiology and Population Health, British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Kirby Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Saara Greene
- School of Social Work, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Deborah Money
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Margarite Sanchez
- ViVA, Positive Living Society of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kath Webster
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Blusson Hall Room 10522, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Valerie Nicholson
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Blusson Hall Room 10522, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Lori A Brotto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Catherine Hankins
- Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development (AIGHD), Department of Global Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mary Kestler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Neora Pick
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Oak Tree Clinic, British Columbia Women's Hospital and Health Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kate Salters
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Blusson Hall Room 10522, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
- Epidemiology and Population Health, British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Karène Proulx-Boucher
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nadia O'Brien
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sophie Patterson
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Blusson Hall Room 10522, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
- Department of Public Health and Policy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Alexandra de Pokomandy
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mona Loutfy
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Angela Kaida
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Blusson Hall Room 10522, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
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23
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Understanding Risk Behaviors of Vietnamese Adults with Chronic Hepatitis B in an Urban Setting. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16040570. [PMID: 30781486 PMCID: PMC6406858 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16040570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption can be considered as risk factors that increase the progression of chronic liver disease. Meanwhile, unprotected sex is one of the main causes of hepatitis B infection. This study aimed to explore drinking, smoking, and risky sexual behaviors among people with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) in a Vietnamese urban setting, as well as investigating potential associated factors. A cross-sectional study was performed in October 2018 in Viet-Tiep Hospital, Hai Phong, Vietnam. A total of 298 patients who had been diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B reported their smoking status, alcohol use, and sexual risk behavior in the last 12 months. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the associated factors. It was identified that 82.5% of participants never used alcohol. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) positive result among male patients was 7.4% (0% in female patients). In addition, 14.5% of participants were current smokers and the mean number of cigarettes per day was 7.4 (SD = 3.4). It was found that 35.4% of male patients had sex with two or more sex partners. Furthermore, 66.7% and 74.1% of participants used condoms when having sex with casual partners/one-night stands and sex workers, respectively. There was a positive correlation between monthly drinking and currently smoking. White-collar workers were less likely to have multiple sex partners within the last 12 months. Our study highlights the need for integrating counseling sessions and educational programs with treatment services.
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Tsoukas A, March E. Predicting Short- and Long-Term Mating Orientations: The Role of Sex and the Dark Tetrad. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2018; 55:1206-1218. [PMID: 29373049 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2017.1420750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Previous literature has extensively considered factors that influence short- and long-term mating orientations, with specific attention given to individual differences (e.g., sex and personality). Although research has established the role "darker" personality traits (i.e., the dark triad) play in mating orientation, this triad has recently been reconceptualized as a tetrad. Due to this reconceptualization, the current study sought to establish the utility of sex and the dark tetrad in predicting individual short- and long-term mating orientations. In addition, as an alternative to previous methodology, the orientations were assessed using a continuous measure. A total of 464 participants, ages 18 to 69, completed an online questionnaire assessing dark tetrad traits and mating orientations. Results showed that sex, trait psychopathy, and trait sadism were significant predictors of a short-term mating orientation. For long-term mating orientations, there was no predictive utility of sex, but there were positive associations for narcissism and negative associations for psychopathy and sadism. These findings add further understanding of the predictors of mating orientation and the utility of the tetrad in predicting mating orientations. In addition, the findings offer future mating orientation studies an alternative measure to the traditional dichotomous format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Tsoukas
- a School of Health Science and Psychology , Federation University Australia
| | - Evita March
- a School of Health Science and Psychology , Federation University Australia
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25
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Wesche R, Claxton SE, Lefkowitz ES, van Dulmen MHM. Evaluations and Future Plans After Casual Sexual Experiences: Differences Across Partner Type. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2018; 55:1180-1191. [PMID: 28339298 PMCID: PMC5805663 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2017.1298714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Casual sexual relationships and experiences (CSREs) are common among emerging adults, and their diversity may contribute to variability in their associations with mental health and future romantic relationship development. The present research used multiple regression analyses to examine how CSRE type (casual dating, friends with benefits [FWB], or booty call/one-night stand) is associated with short-term outcomes of these experiences, including positive and negative evaluations, plans to start a romantic relationship with a CSRE partner, and general plans for future CSREs. College students and non-college-attending emerging adults (N = 192, 80% female, mean age = 22.09 years) reported on recent sexual encounters through daily diaries collected around an alcohol consumption holiday. Individuals with casual dating partners evaluated their experiences more positively and/or less negatively than individuals with booty calls/one-night stands; these associations were moderated by gender and sexual behavior type. Individuals with casual dating partners were more oriented toward pursuing a romantic relationship with their partners than individuals with FWB or booty calls/one-night stands. However, no association was found between CSRE type and plans for future CSREs in general. Results highlight the diversity of CSREs and suggest that casual dating may be more rewarding than FWB and booty calls/one-night stands, particularly for women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Wesche
- a Department of Human Development and Family Studies , Pennsylvania State University
| | | | - Eva S Lefkowitz
- c Department of Human Development and Family Studies , University of Connecticut
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26
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Rodrigue C, Blais M, Lavoie F, Adam BD, Goyer MF, Magontier C. Passion, Intimacy, and Commitment in Casual Sexual Relationships in a Canadian Sample of Emerging Adults. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2018; 55:1192-1205. [PMID: 29199857 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2017.1399195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Research on casual sexual relationships (CSRs) among emerging adults is prevalent, yet our empirical and theoretical knowledge of relationship processes involved in these relationships is limited. The present study's objective was to compare four CSR partner types (acquaintance, friend, non-dating partner, ex-romantic partner) on passion, intimacy, and commitment, the components of Sternberg's triangular theory of love. A total of 441 Canadians aged 18-25 years who were not in a romantic relationship, and who reported having had more than one sexual contact with their last CSR partner, completed an online survey. Across all partner types, passion was highest, followed by intimacy and commitment. Levels of passion, intimacy, and commitment generally increased with partner familiarity. However, CSR partner type differences on the three components were partially explained by CSR components (i.e., frequency of sexual activity, frequency of social activity, whether partners saw each other with the main goal of having sex, sexual exclusivity agreement, and hopes about the relationship). Results are consistent with CSRs' emphasis on sexuality, and, to a lesser extent, emotions. However, they challenge the mainstream and scientific conflation of CSRs with an absence of emotional bond, commitment, or love.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Rodrigue
- a Département de Sexologie , Université du Québec à Montréal
| | - Martin Blais
- a Département de Sexologie , Université du Québec à Montréal
| | | | - Barry D Adam
- c Department of Sociology, Anthropology & Criminology , University of Windsor
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27
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Farvid P, Braun V. "You Worry, 'cause You Want to Give a Reasonable Account of Yourself": Gender, Identity Management, and the Discursive Positioning of "Risk" in Men's and Women's Talk About Heterosexual Casual Sex. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2018; 47:1405-1421. [PMID: 29600396 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-017-1124-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Heterosexual casual sex is routinely depicted as a physically, socially, and psychologically "risky" practice. This is the case in media accounts, psychological research, and other academic work. In this article, we examine 15 men's and 15 women's talk about casual sex from a discursive psychological stance to achieve two objectives. Firstly, we confirm the categories of risk typically associated with casual sex but expand these to include a domain of risks related to (gendered) identities and representation. Men's talk of risk centered on concerns about sexual performance, whereas women's talk centered on keeping safe from violence and sexual coercion. The notion of a sexual reputation was also identified as a risk and again manifested differently for men and women. While women were concerned about being deemed promiscuous, men displayed concern about the quality of their sexual performance. Secondly, within this talk about risks of casual sex, the participants' identities were identified as "at risk" and requiring careful management within the interview context. This was demonstrated by instances of: keeping masculinity intact in accounts of no erection, negotiating a responsible subject position, and crafting agency in accounts of sexual coercion-in the participants' talk. We argue that casual sex, as situated within dominant discourses of gendered heterosexuality, is a fraught practice for both men and women and subject to the demands of identity representation within co-present interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panteá Farvid
- Department of Psychology, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Virginia Braun
- School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
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28
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Timmermans E, Van den Bulck J. Casual Sexual Scripts on the Screen: A Quantitative Content Analysis. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2018; 47:1481-1496. [PMID: 29589163 PMCID: PMC5954064 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-018-1147-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
While existing content analyses have provided insightful information in terms of contextual factors and frequency of sexual behaviors, not much is known about the relational context in which sexual depictions generally occur. The current study addresses this void by employing content analytic methods to measure the frequency and context of depictions of sexual behavior within nine popular television shows produced in the U.S., while taking into account the type of sexual behavior. The results suggest that, in the analyzed television shows, sexual behaviors within a casual sexual context were almost as frequently shown as sexual behaviors within a committed relationship context. Whereas sexual behaviors within a committed relationship context were mainly limited to passionate kissing, sexual behaviors within a casual sexual context mostly consisted of explicit portrayals of sexual intercourse. Additionally, genre seemed to be an important factor when examining casual sexual television content. The situational comedy genre, for example, had no explicit portrayals of intercourse and mainly portrayed kissing couples within a committed relationship. The comedy drama genre, on the contrary, had the largest proportion of explicit sexual portrayals, usually between casual sexual partners. A second goal of this study was to analyze the portrayals of the typical casual sexual experience script and the typical casual sexual relationship script in which these sexual behaviors often occur. For instance, our analyses revealed that female characters were more likely to initiate casual sex compared to male characters. Moreover, casual sex often occurred between former partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Timmermans
- Department of Media and Communication, Erasmus School of History, Culture and Communication, Erasmus University Rotterdam, 3062 PA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan Van den Bulck
- Department of Communication Studies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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The Problematization of Sexuality among Women Living with HIV and a New Feminist Approach for Understanding and Enhancing Women’s Sexual Lives. SEX ROLES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-017-0826-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Farvid P, Braun V. Unpacking the "Pleasures" and "Pains" of Heterosexual Casual Sex: Beyond Singular Understandings. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2017; 54:73-90. [PMID: 27049595 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2016.1143442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Discussions of heterosexual casual sex are often imbued with (gendered) assumptions regarding the motives for, and drawbacks of, such a practice. The pulls of casual sex are often depicted as sexual gratification and the drawbacks relayed in terms of physical risk, for example, sexually transmitted infections (STIs)/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. Most of the research in this area has largely focused on undergraduate university students or "emerging adults" in North America, using primarily quantitative methodologies. We build on this work and a small but growing amount of qualitative research to unpack the complex psychoemotional and experiential dimensions of casual sex. We report on a critical thematic analysis of interviews with 30 ethnically diverse women and men (aged 18 to 46) in New Zealand about their experiences of heterosexual casual sex to achieve two things. First, we demonstrate the complexity with which women and men discussed their casual sex experiences, highlighting how the practice was varied, contradictory, and multifaceted, and played in a localized way during the conversation. Second, we illustrate how this talk was governed by contemporary Western discourses of intimate relationships and the shape of (gendered) heterosexuality. We conclude that casual sex research must always consider the broader sociocultural context, as well as the interpersonal context, within which any sexual relating is situated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panteá Farvid
- a Department of Psychology , Auckland University of Technology
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Rodrigue C, Fernet M. A metasynthesis of qualitative studies on casual sexual relationships and experiences. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN SEXUALITY 2016. [DOI: 10.3138/cjhs.253-a6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Most studies on casual sexual relationships and experiences (CSREs) are quantitative and focus on characteristics of individuals who experience them. There has been an increase in qualitative research on CSREs that have revealed new insights into how they are experienced among young adults. To synthesize qualitative knowledge on how CSREs are experienced, a qualitative metasynthesis was carried out using 13 studies published up to June, 2015, yielding seven conceptual categories. Opportunities and choices regarding CSREs were organized according to biographical context, socioenvironmental context, and peer norms. Expectations of CSREs related to lack of communication, emotional, and sexual commitment or accountability. Implicit rules allowed maintaining boundaries between sex and emotion. Thus, CSREs can satisfy various needs related to sex and intimacy. Sex in CSREs was reported as pleasure-centred, accessible, and improved when experienced in association with intimacy. However, intimacy and gender roles interfered with condom use. The sexual double standard and gender roles limited women's agency and enjoyment of sex. Expectations for the lack of intimacy and communication conflicted with developing unrequited feelings, resulting in self-blame and attempts to suppress emotions. While partners may have a hard time defining their relationship over time, some CSREs involved developing friendships or romance, and ruining friendships. The results indicate a clash between expectations, rules, and experiences of CSREs. The lack of symbolic markers for the meaning or status of CSREs as they develop can be seen as a consequence of the complexity of these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Rodrigue
- Département de sexologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC
| | - Mylène Fernet
- Département de sexologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC
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Ann Lyons H. Heterosexual Casual Sex and STI Diagnosis: A Latent Class Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEXUAL HEALTH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEXUAL HEALTH 2016; 29:32-47. [PMID: 29276549 PMCID: PMC5737755 DOI: 10.1080/19317611.2016.1210711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Casual sex is common during the emerging adult life course stage, but little research has taken a person-centered approach to investigate if casual sexual behavior influences STI rates. Using a nationally representative sample and latent class analysis, results showed three distinctive latent classes. Abstainers were the least likely to have an STI, followed by the casual sex experienced, and then the casual sex risk-takers. Once other covariates were included in the model, there was no significant difference between the abstainers and casual sex experienced classes. These results highlight the need for future research to include diverse samples of emerging adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Ann Lyons
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology, Social Work, and Criminal Justice, Oakland University, Rochester, MI
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Eaton AA, Rose SM, Interligi C, Fernandez K, McHugh M. Gender and Ethnicity in Dating, Hanging Out, and Hooking Up: Sexual Scripts Among Hispanic and White Young Adults. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2016; 53:788-804. [PMID: 26445242 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2015.1065954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We examined the scripts associated with heterosexual Hispanic and White young adults' most recent initial sexual or romantic encounter using two samples of heterosexual undergraduates: 224 Hispanic students (49% female) and 316 White students (51% female). Scripts were identified for three types of encounters: dating, hanging out, and hooking up. The three scripts had more than half of their actions in common. Items such as get to know one another, feel aroused, and engage in physical contact were present across all scripts for all participant groups. As expected, traditional gender roles were present within all scripts, but more so for dates than for hangouts and hookups. Men reported a higher presence of traditional gender roles than women across scripts and put a higher priority on the goal of physical intimacy across all scripts. Dating was the most prevalent script for all young adults, contradicting contemporary claims that "dating is dead." In terms of ethnicity, a higher proportion of Hispanic than White young adults went on dates, and a higher proportion of White students went on hookups, implying that social and contextual variables are important in understanding young adults' intimate relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asia A Eaton
- a Department of Psychology , Florida International University
| | - Suzanna M Rose
- a Department of Psychology , Florida International University
| | | | | | - Maureen McHugh
- a Department of Psychology , Florida International University
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Kaspar K, Buß LV, Rogner J, Gnambs T. Engagement in one-night stands in Germany and Spain: Does personality matter? PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Boislard MA, van de Bongardt D, Blais M. Sexuality (and Lack Thereof) in Adolescence and Early Adulthood: A Review of the Literature. Behav Sci (Basel) 2016; 6:E8. [PMID: 26999225 PMCID: PMC4810042 DOI: 10.3390/bs6010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Youth sexuality has been primarily studied with a focus on its potential public health issues, such as sexually transmitted infections and unwanted pregnancies, and its comorbidity with other risky behaviors. More recently, it has been studied as a normative step in romantic partnerships, either pre- or post-marital, as well as outside the context of romantic involvement. In this paper, we review the extensive literature on sexuality in adolescence and early adulthood both within and outside romantic relationships (i.e., casual sexual relationships and experiences; CSREs). Furthermore, the recent recognition of youth sexuality as a developmental task has led to a renewed interest from scholars in youth who abstain from sexual encounters, whether deliberately or not. A brief overview of the literature on cultural differences in sexuality, and sexual-minority youth sexual development is also provided. This paper concludes by suggesting future directions to bring the field of youth sexuality and romantic relationships forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Aude Boislard
- Département de Sexologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Case postale 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - Daphne van de Bongardt
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education (YIELD), University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 15776, Amsterdam 1001 NG, The Netherlands.
| | - Martin Blais
- Département de Sexologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Case postale 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
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