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Ghavi Hossein-Zadeh N. Evidence of additive genetic variation for major milk proteins in dairy cows: A meta-analysis. J Anim Breed Genet 2024; 141:379-389. [PMID: 38230949 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
In the past, there have been reports of genetic parameters for milk proteins in various dairy cattle populations. The high variability among genetic parameter estimates has been caused by this. This study aimed to use a random-effects meta-analysis model to compile published estimates of genetic parameter for major milk proteins of α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, sum of whey proteins, casein, αs1-casein, αs2-casein, β-casein, and κ-casein in dairy cows. The study used a total of 140 heritability and 256 genetic correlation estimates from 23 papers published between 2004 and 2022. The estimated range of milk protein heritability is from 0.284 (for α-lactalbumin in milk) to 0.596 (for sum of whey proteins). The genetic correlation estimates between casein and milk yield, milk fat and protein percentages were -0.461, 0.693, and 0.976, respectively (p < 0.05). The genetic correlation estimates between milk proteins expressed as a percentage of milk were significant and varied from 0.177 (between β-lactoglobulin and κ-casein) to 0.892 (between αs1-casein and αs2-casein). Moderate-to-high heritability estimates for milk proteins and their low genetic associations with milk yield and composition indicated the possibility for improving milk proteins in a genetic selection plan with negligible correlated effects on production traits in dairy cows.
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Arshad U, Peñagaricano F, White HM. Effects of feeding rumen-protected lysine during the postpartum period on performance and amino acid profile in dairy cows: A meta-analysis. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:4537-4557. [PMID: 38395403 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Lysine is one of the limiting AA in the diets of dairy cows and is typically fed as rumen-protected Lys (RPL). We hypothesized that supplementation of RPL during the postpartum period would improve the productive performance in dairy cows. Objectives were to use meta-analytic methods to explore the effects of feeding RPL on performance and blood AA profile in lactating dairy cows. An additional objective was to identify an optimal concentration (%) of Lys in MP (LYSMP) and determine if responses to LYSMP were associated with the concentration (%) of Met in MP (METMP). The literature was systematically reviewed, and 13 experiments, comprising 40 treatment means and 594 lactating cows, were included in the meta-analysis. All experiments had a nonsupplemental control (CON; n = 17 treatment means), or a group supplemented with RPL (n = 23 treatment means). Cows supplemented with RPL were supplied additionally with a mean (±standard deviation) 19.3 ± 10.3 g/d metabolizable Lys (5.1-40.6 g/d). Meta-analytical statistics were used to estimate the weighted mean difference in STATA. Mixed models were fitted to the data to investigate the linear and quadratic effects of LYSMP, METMP, and interactions between LYSMP and METMP. All models included the random effect of experiment and weighting by the inverse of the SE of the means squared. Cows that began receiving RPL in early lactation (≤90 DIM) or for an extended duration (≥70 DIM) produced 1.51 kg/d more milk compared with CON cows. Increasing digestible LYSMP from 6.5% to 8.5% linearly increased yields of milk, FCM, ECM, and milk fat by 1.8, 2.5, 2.4, and 0.10 kg/d, respectively, and tended to increase milk protein yield and body weight gain by 0.07 and 0.09 kg/d, respectively, without a concurrent increase in DMI. Interactions between the linear effects of LYSMP and METMP were observed for FCM/DMI or ECM/DMI. In a diet with low METMP (e.g., 1.82% of MP), a digestible supply of 7.40% LYSMP would result in 1.46 and 1.47 kg/kg FCM/DMI or ECM/DMI, respectively; however, with high digestible METMP (e.g., 2.91% of MP), supplying 7.40% of digestible LYSMP would result in 1.68 and 1.62 kg/kg FCM/DMI or ECM/DMI, respectively. Increasing digestible LYSMP from 6.5% to 8.5% linearly increased blood concentrations of Lys by 16.6 µM, whereas blood concentrations of Met and Ala decreased by 4.6 and 6.0 µM, respectively. Nevertheless, an interaction was also observed between LYSMP and METMP for blood concentrations of total EAA because as METMP increased, the positive response to LYSMP on total EAA was also increased, suggesting a competitive mobilization of AA and their utilization in various body tissues. Only 4 out of the 13 experiments in this meta-analysis involved primiparous cows; thus, insufficient data were available to understand the role of supplemental RPL in primiparous cows. Collectively, feeding RPL improved productive performance, and the increments were maximized up to 9.25% of LYSMP in multiparous dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Arshad
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706.
| | - F Peñagaricano
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - H M White
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
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Salami SA, Taylor-Pickard J, Ross SA, Moran CA. A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Dietary Yeast Mannan-Rich Fraction on Broiler Performance and the Implication for Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Chicken Production. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1595. [PMID: 38891642 PMCID: PMC11171374 DOI: 10.3390/ani14111595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplementation of yeast-derived mannan-rich fraction (MRF) could improve the gastrointestinal health and production efficiency of broilers, and, consequently, lower the environmental impacts of chicken production. The objective of this meta-analysis was to quantify the retrospective effects of feeding MRF (Actigen®, Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, KY) on the production performance of broilers. The meta-analysis database included 27 studies and consisted of 66 comparisons of MRF-supplemented diets vs. basal (i.e., negative control) and antibiotic-supplemented (i.e., positive control) diets. A total of 34,596 broilers were involved in the comparisons and the average final age of the birds was 35 days. Additionally, the impact of feeding MRF on the carbon footprint (feed and total emission intensities) of chicken production was evaluated using the meta-analysis results of broiler performance (MRF vs. basal diets) to develop a scenario simulation that was analyzed by a life cycle assessment (LCA) model. A database of all trials (MRF vs. basal and antibiotic diets) indicated that feeding MRF increased (p < 0.01) average daily feed intake (ADFI; +3.7%), final body weight (FBW; +3.5%), and average daily gain (ADG; 4.1%) and improved (p < 0.01) feed conversion ratio (FCR; -1.7%) without affecting (p > 0.05) mortality. A subdatabase of MRF vs. basal diets indicated that dietary MRF increased ADFI (+4.5%), FBW (+4.7%), and ADG (+6.3%) and improved FCR (-2.2%) and mortality (-21.1%). For the subdatabase of MRF vs. antibiotic diets, both treatments exhibited equivalent effects (p > 0.05) on broiler performance parameters, suggesting that MRF could be an effective alternative to in-feed antibiotics. Subgroup analysis revealed that different study factors (year of study, breed/strain, production challenges, and MRF feeding duration) influenced the effect of dietary MRF on broiler performance. Simulated life cycle analysis (LCA) indicated that feeding MRF decreased feed and total emission intensities, on average, by -2.4% and -2.1%, respectively. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that dietary MRF is an effective nutritional solution for improving broiler performance, an effective alternative to in-feed antibiotic growth promoters, and reduces the environmental impact of poultry meat production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saheed A. Salami
- Alltech Biotechnology Centre, Summerhill Road, A86 X006 Dunboyne, Ireland;
| | - Jules Taylor-Pickard
- Solutions Deployment Team, Alltech (UK) Ltd., Ryhall Road, Stamford PE9 1TZ, UK;
| | | | - Colm A. Moran
- Regulatory Affairs Department, Alltech SARL, Rue Charles Amand, 14500 Vire, France
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Nahal A, Ben Said M, Ouchene N. Current status of ruminant anaplasmosis in Algeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:164. [PMID: 38740638 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-04010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Anaplasmosis is an emerging infectious disease that is being recognised all over the world, with impact on animal health.This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the rate infection of Anaplasma spp. infection in Algerian ruminants. Three databases were searched to identify eligible studies for the final systematic review and meta-analysis. The 'meta' package in the R software was used for the meta-analysis, and the random effects model was chosen to pool the data. Meta-analysis encompasses 14 research papers spanning 19 years (2004-2023), out of an initial pool of 737 articles retrieved from various databases. The study included a total of 1515 cattle, 190 sheep, and 310 goats, and the overall Anaplasma infection rate was estimated at 28% (95% CI, 17-41%). The analysis revealed varying infection rates among species, with cattle at 20%, sheep at 30%, and goats at 61%. Five classified species and two unclassified strains belonging to Anaplasma genus were identified in ruminants, which are A. marginale, A. centrale, A. bovis, A. ovis, A. phagocytophilum, A. phagocytophilum-like strains, and A. platys-like strains. Among these, A. marginale was prevalent in ten out of eleven cattle studies. The data also revealed regional variations, with Northeastern Algeria showing a higher infection rate (26%) compared to North-central Algeria (9%). In the subgroup analysis, clinically healthy cattle had a higher infection rate (28%) compared to suspected disease cattle (16%). Molecular biology screening methods yielded a significantly higher infection rate (33%) than microscopy (12%). Gender analysis suggested slightly higher infection rates among male cattle (19%) compared to females (16%). Age analysis indicated that Anaplasma infection was more common in cattle less than 12 months (14%) compared to those over 12 months (9%). This systematic review provides valuable insights, highlighting the need for continued surveillance and potential preventive strategies in different regions and among different animal populations in Algeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Nahal
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, Chadli Bendjedid University- El-Tarf, B.P 73, 36000, El-Tarf, Algeria.
| | - Mourad Ben Said
- Laboratory of Microbiology, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, 2010, Manouba, Tunisia
- Department of Basic Sciences, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, 2010, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Nassim Ouchene
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences, Street of Soumâa, University Sâad Dahlab Blida 1, BP 270, 09000, Blida, Algeria
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Materials Interfaces Applied to the Environment, Sâad Dahlab University of Blida, 1, Street Soumâa, BP 270, 09000, Blida, Algeria
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Weaver AC, Weaver DM, Adams N, Yiannikouris A. Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Yeast Cell Wall Extract Supple-Mentation during Mycotoxin Challenges on the Performance of Laying Hens. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:171. [PMID: 38668596 PMCID: PMC11054775 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16040171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of mycotoxins (MT) without or with the inclusion of yeast cell wall extract (YCWE, Mycosorb®, Alltech, Inc., Nicholasville, KY, USA) on laying hen performance. A total of 25 trials were collected from a literature search, and data were extracted from 8 of these that met inclusion criteria, for a total of 12 treatments and 1774 birds. Laying hens fed MT had lower (p < 0.05) body weight (BW) by -50 g, egg production by -6.3 percentage points, and egg weight by -1.95 g than control fed hens (CTRL). Inclusion of YCWE during the mycotoxin challenges (YCWE + MT) resulted in numerically greater (p = 0.441) BW by 12.5 g, while egg production and egg weight were significantly (p < 0.0001) higher by 4.2 percentage points and 1.37 g, respectively. Furthermore, economic assessment calculations indicated that YCWE may not only support hen performance but also resulted in a positive return on investment. In conclusion, mycotoxins can play a role in negatively impacting laying hen performance and profitability. Inclusion of YCWE in feed with mycotoxin challenges provided benefits to egg production and egg weight and may support profitability. As such, the inclusion of YCWE could play an important role in minimizing mycotoxin effects and in turn aid farm efficiency and profitability.
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Lencina FA, Bertona M, Stegmayer MA, Olivero CR, Frizzo LS, Zimmermann JA, Signorini ML, Soto LP, Zbrun MV. Prevalence of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli in foods and food-producing animals through the food chain: A worldwide systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26579. [PMID: 38434325 PMCID: PMC10904249 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize the available scientific evidence on the prevalence of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli strains isolated from foods and food-producing animals, the mobile colistin-resistant genes involved, and the impact of the associated variables. A systematic review was carried out in databases according to selection criteria and search strategies established a priori. Random-effect meta-analysis models were fitted to estimate the prevalence of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli and to identify the factors associated with the outcome. In general, 4.79% (95% CI: 3.98%-5.76%) of the food and food-producing animal samples harbored colistin-resistant Escherichia coli (total number of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli/total number of samples), while 5.70% (95% confidence interval: 4.97%-6.52%) of the E. coli strains isolated from food and food-producing animal samples harbored colistin resistance (total number of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli/total number of Escherichia coli isolated samples). The prevalence of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli increased over time (P < 0.001). On the other hand, 65.30% (95% confidence interval: 57.77%-72.14%) of colistin resistance was mediated by the mobile colistin resistance-1 gene. The mobile colistin resistance-1 gene prevalence did not show increases over time (P = 0.640). According to the findings, other allelic variants (mobile colistin resistance 2-10 genes) seem to have less impact on prevalence. A higher prevalence of colistin resistance was estimated in developing countries (P < 0.001), especially in samples (feces and intestinal content, meat, and viscera) derived from poultry and pigs (P < 0.001). The mobile colistin resistance-1 gene showed a global distribution with a high prevalence in most of the regions analyzed (>50%). The prevalence of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli and the mobile colistin resistance-1 gene has a strong impact on the entire food chain. The high prevalence estimated in the retail market represents a potential risk for consumers' health. There is an urgent need to implement based-evidence risk management measures under the "One Health" approach to guarantee public health, food safety, and a sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Aylen Lencina
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Esperanza, Argentina
| | - Matías Bertona
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science – Litoral National University, Esperanza, Argentina
| | - María Angeles Stegmayer
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Esperanza, Argentina
| | - Carolina Raquel Olivero
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Esperanza, Argentina
| | - Laureano Sebastián Frizzo
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Esperanza, Argentina
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science – Litoral National University, Esperanza, Argentina
| | - Jorge Alberto Zimmermann
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Esperanza, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Lisandro Signorini
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science – Litoral National University, Esperanza, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea (INTA-CONICET), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, Ruta 34 Km 227, Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Lorena Paola Soto
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Esperanza, Argentina
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science – Litoral National University, Esperanza, Argentina
| | - María Virginia Zbrun
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science – Litoral National University, Esperanza, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea (INTA-CONICET), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, Ruta 34 Km 227, Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Cooke RF, Eloy LR, Bosco SC, Lasmar PVF, de Simas JMC, Leiva T, de Medeiros SR. An updated meta-analysis of the anti-methanogenic effects of monensin in beef cattle. Transl Anim Sci 2024; 8:txae032. [PMID: 38595989 PMCID: PMC11003526 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txae032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Meta-analyses were performed to quantitatively summarize the effects of monensin on in vivo methane (CH4) production in beef cattle, and differentiate these outcomes according to dietary management, dose of monensin, and length of monensin supplementation. Data from 11 manuscripts describing 20 individual studies were used, and CH4 was converted to g/d when required. Studies were classified according to dose of monensin (mg/kg of diet dry matter), length of monensin supplementation prior to the last CH4 measurement, feeding management (ad libitum vs. limited-fed), and diet profile (high-forage or high-concentrate diets). Variance among studies were assessed using a χ² test of heterogeneity and calculated using I² statistics. The inclusion of monensin decreased (P < 0.01) CH4 production by 17.5 g/d when all studies were analyzed together. A moderate (P < 0.01) heterogeneity (I² = 55%) was detected for CH4 production estimates between studies; thus, meta-analyses were performed within classes. The reduction in CH4 differed (P < 0.01) according to dose of monensin, as it decreased (P < 0.01) by 25.6 g/d when the high recommended dose range was used (32 to 44 mg/kg), and tended to decrease (P ≤ 0.07) by 9.7 and 13.5 g/d when the moderate (≤31 mg/kg) and above recommended (≥45 mg/kg) doses were used, respectively. The reduction in CH4 also differed (P < 0.01) according to the length of monensin supplementation. Monensin decreased (P ≤ 0.05) CH4 production by 24.3 g/d when supplemented for <15 d, by 15.4 g/d when supplemented from 23 to 33 d, by 24.3 g/d when supplemented from 52 to 79 d, and tended to decrease (P = 0.06) CH4 production by 3.21 g/d when supplemented from 94 to 161 d. The reduction in CH4 did not differ (P = 0.37) according to diet profile, despite a 30% difference in reduction when monensin was added to high-forage (20.89 g/d) compared with high-concentrate diets (14.6 g/d). The reduction in CH4 tended to differ according to feeding management (P = 0.08), decreasing by 22.9 g/d (P < 0.01) when monensin was added to diets offered ad libitum, and by 11.5 g/d (P = 0.05) in limit-fed diets. Collectively, this study provides novel insights and further corroborates monensin as CH4 mitigation strategy in beef cattle operations. The most effective responses were observed during the first 79 d of monensin supplementation, and when monensin was included between 32 to 44 mg/kg of diet, was added to high-forage diets, and added to diets fed ad libitum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinaldo F Cooke
- Department of Animal Science - Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Lidiane R Eloy
- Analisa Soluções em Estatística, Porto Alegre, RS 90010-000, Brazil
| | - Sheila C Bosco
- Analisa Soluções em Estatística, Porto Alegre, RS 90010-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Tiago Leiva
- Elanco Animal Health, São Paulo, SP 04703-002, Brazil
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Ozdemir M, Motmain Z, Ekinci K, Saygılı E. Associations Between BLG, CSN3, DGAT1, GH, PIT1, and PRL Gene Polymorphisms and Milk Production Traits in Holstein Dairy Cows: A Meta-Analysis. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10706-8. [PMID: 38436817 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10706-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The current meta-analysis was employed to combine the results of multiple studies into a single estimate related to B-LG, CSN3, DGAT1, PRL, GH, and PIT1 gene polymorphisms and their effects on milk production traits. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate associations between B-LG, CSN3, DGAT1, GH, PIT1, and PRLgene polymorphisms with milk production traits in Holstein dairy cows. An extensive search was done from 2002 to 2022 year. Statistical analyses were performed by using Stata 11.2 software. Genetic models viz codominant (AA vs. AB, AA vs. BB, and AB vs. BB), dominant (AA + AB vs. BB), recessive (AA vs. AB + BB), and completely over-dominant (AA + BB vs. AB) were applied. The results of meta-analysis of association between B-LG genotypes with milk yield where found a significant (P < 0.05) and with fat and protein contents (P < 0.01). In CSN3 polymorphisms of A/A and A/B genotypes had a significant effect on fat yield (P < 0.05) and protein content (P < 0.01). DGAT1 polymorphisms had a significant effect on milk yield, fat yield, protein yield (P < 0.05), with fat and protein contents showed high effect (P < 0.01). No significant association was detected between GH and milk traits (P > 0.05). PIT1 genotype polymorphisms had a significant effect on milk yield (P < 0.05) and protein content (P < 0.01). PRL genotype polymorphisms were significantly associated with milk yield (P < 0.05), fat content and protein yield (P < 0.01). The B-LG, DGAT1,CSN3 and PRL gene polymorphisms could be utilized as good markers to improve milk production traits in the Holstein cattle breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Memis Ozdemir
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Zekrullah Motmain
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Kubra Ekinci
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Esranur Saygılı
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Miotti C, Signorini ML, Oteiza JM, Prez VE, Barril PA. Meta-analysis of the prevalence of norovirus and hepatitis a virus in berries. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 413:110577. [PMID: 38262124 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Norovirus (NoV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) stand as the predominant agents associated with viral foodborne infections. Outbreaks have been documented to be caused by various types of food items, including fresh and/or frozen berries. Comprehensive data concerning crucial viral pathogens in berries remain limited and are not currently available in aggregate form. Consequently, the present study aimed to compile the existing information regarding the prevalence of NoV and HAV in this matrix. Records of foodborne viruses were systematically extracted from database repositories up to December 2022, adhering to PRISMA standards and were subjected to a multilevel random effect meta-analysis model to determine the mean occurrence rate of NoV and HAV. A high heterogeneity across studies was observed (I2 = 82 %), reflecting variations in the prevalence of sampling locations, years, berry types, and sample conditions, among other potential contributing factors. The prevalence of NoV and HAV in berries was calculated at 2.12 % (95 % CI 1.74-2.59 %), and no statistically differences were observed among the viral types or genogroup categories. However, it is important to clarify that this estimate should be taken with caution given the high heterogeneity. There was no discernible correlation between viral prevalence and any particular berry type. However, there was a temporal correlation observed with the year of sampling, revealing a significantly decreasing trend throughout the study period. A significant influence of the sample condition (fresh or frozen) was observed in relation to the prevalence of NoV GII and HAV. Overall higher viral prevalences were identified in berries originating from African countries as compared to those sourced from other continents. It was also noted that the prevalence of NoV GI was significantly higher in samples collected directly from farms compared to those obtained from retailers. The outcomes of this comprehensive meta-analysis propose that while viral contamination of berries is diminishing in more recent times, the prevalence remains substantial in certain African countries, having a significant risk for foodborne infections. It is imperative to implement intervention strategies in these regions to enhance product safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Miotti
- IDICAL - Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea (INTA - CONICET SANTA FE), Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Lisandro Signorini
- IDICAL - Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea (INTA - CONICET SANTA FE), Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Juan Martín Oteiza
- Laboratorio de Microbiología de los Alimentos, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia Técnica a la Industria (CIATI), Centenario, Neuquén, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Verónica Emilse Prez
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Laboratorio de Gastroenteritis Virales, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Patricia Angélica Barril
- Laboratorio de Microbiología de los Alimentos, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia Técnica a la Industria (CIATI), Centenario, Neuquén, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
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Aung SH, Nam KC. Impact of Humectants on Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Jerky: A Meta-Analysis. Food Sci Anim Resour 2024; 44:464-482. [PMID: 38764511 PMCID: PMC11097028 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2024.e3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effects of humectants on moisture content, water activity, tenderness, color, microbiological analysis, protein denaturation, and oxidation of jerky. A thorough search for papers published in scientific journals that examined the impacts of humectants on jerky was carried out using Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct. Only 14 studies matched inclusion requirements. They were used in the meta-analysis to synthesise quantitative findings. In the current investigation, jerky produced with beef, poultry, goat, or pork was used. The standardised mean difference (SMD) between treatments with humectants and controls was examined to investigate the effects of humectants using random-effects models. Heterogeneity was investigated using meta-regression. A subgroup analysis was carried out for significant factors. Results revealed that the addition of humectants had no significant impact on water activity, pH, fat, ash, CIE L*, or CIE a* (p>0.05). However, humectant addition significantly increased moisture (SMD=1.28, p<0.05), CIE b* (SMD=1.67, p<0.05), and overall acceptability (SMD=1.73, p<0.05). It significantly decreased metmyoglobin (SMD=-0.96, p<0.05), shear force (SMD=-0.84, p<0.05), and protein (SMD=-1.61, p<0.05). However, it was difficult to get a firm conclusion about how humectants affected the myofibrillar fragmentation index, total plate count, and 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances because there were fewer than ten studies. To sum up, the proper use of humectants in jerky demands careful attention to both type and quantity, needing a delicate balancing act with other contributing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shine Htet Aung
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922,
Korea
- Department of Zoology, Kyaukse
University, Kyaukse 05151, Myanmar
| | - Ki-Chang Nam
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922,
Korea
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11
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Nahal A, Ben Said M. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Piroplasma spp. Infection and Co-infection with Anaplasma marginale in Domestic Ruminants from Algeria. Acta Parasitol 2024; 69:135-151. [PMID: 38157135 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-023-00768-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Piroplasmosis and anaplasmosis stand out as the primary diseases affecting livestock during periods of tick activity. These vector-borne diseases continue to emerge worldwide, exerting a detrimental impact on both animal health and national economies. The purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence of Piroplasma spp. and its co-occurrence with Anaplasma marginale in domestic ruminants in Algeria. METHODS Three databases were systematically reviewed to identify eligible studies for the final meta-analysis, following the PRISMA statement. The 'meta' package in the R software was employed for the meta-analysis with the random effects model chosen for data pooling. RESULTS The meta-analysis encompasses 14 research papers spanning a 19-year period (2004-2023). Theileria spp. was identified in all studies, covering 1675 cattle, 190 sheep, and 128 goats, yielding an overall Theileria infection rate of 45% (95% CI 26-65%). Specifically, cattle had a 59% infection rate, while sheep and goats had rates of 18% and 20%, respectively. Babesia spp. was found in nine studies, involving 1183 cattle and 190 sheep, resulting in an overall Babesia infection rate of 7% (95% CI 4-15%), with cattle and sheep having rates of 10% and 3%, respectively. Notably, eight Piroplasma species T. annulata, T. orientalis, T. buffeli, T. equi, Theileria sp., B. bovis, B. bigemina, and B. occultans were detected in cattle, with T. annulata being the most prevalent at 54%. Regional disparities and host factors also impacted infection rates, with higher rates in Northeastern Algeria and among suspected disease cattle. Additionally, gender, age, and breed influenced cattle susceptibility to Theileria infection. Furthermore, six distinct co-infections between Piroplasma spp. and A. marginale were observed, with T. annulata/A. marginale identified in six studies, demonstrating an 8.3% co-infection rate. CONCLUSION This analysis offers crucial insights into the current status of Piroplasmosis and its co-infection with A. marginale in Algerian domestic ruminants, providing valuable data for surveillance and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Nahal
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, Chadli Bendjedid University- El-Tarf, B.P 73, 36000, El-Tarf, Algeria.
| | - Mourad Ben Said
- Laboratory of Microbiology, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, 2010, Manouba, Tunisia
- Department of Basic Sciences, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, 2010, Manouba, Tunisia
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12
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Lean IJ, Golder HM. Milk as an indicator of dietary imbalance. Aust Vet J 2024; 102:19-25. [PMID: 37779436 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Milk provides a readily available diagnostic fluid collected daily or more frequently on an individual animal or herd basis. Milk, as an aggregated sample in bulk tank milk (BTM) represents the status of a herd instead of a single animal. In this review, we examine the potential for milk to predict risks to efficient production, reproductive success, and health on the individual cow and herd level. FINDINGS For many conditions related to disorders of metabolism including hyperlipdaemia and ketonaemia, improved individual cow milk testing may allow a temporally useful detection of metabolic disorder that can target intervention. However, the extension of these tests to the BTM is made more difficult by the tight temporal clustering of disorder to early lactation and the consequent mixing of cows at even moderately different stages of lactation. Integrating herd recording demographic information with Fourier-transformed mid-infrared spectra (FT-MIR) can provide tests that are useful to identify cows with metabolic disorders. The interpretation of BTM urea and protein content provides useful indications of herd nutrition. These may provide indicators that encourage further investigations of nutritional influences on herd fertility but are unlikely to provide strong diagnostic value. The fat-to-protein ratio has a high specificity, but poor sensitivity for detection of fibre insufficiency and acidosis on an individual cow basis. Selenium, zinc, β-carotene, and vitamin E status of the herd can be determined using BTM. CONCLUSIONS There appears to be increasing potential for the use of milk as a diagnostic fluid as more in-parlour tests become available for individual cows. However, the BTM appears to have under-utilised potential for herd monitoring.
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Grants
- This paper is part of Dairy UP (www.dairyup.com.au), an industry driven program led by the University of Sydney's Dairy Research Foundation (DRF, Camden, NSW, Australia); co-delivered together with Scibus (Camden, NSW, Australia), the New South Wales Department of Primary Industry (Orange, NSW, Australia), and Dairy Australia (Southbank, VIC, Australia); and supported by the NSW Government, Australian Fresh Milk Holding Ltd. (Gooloogong, NSW, Australia), Bega Cheese (Bega, NSW, Australia), Dairy Australia (Southbank, VIC, Australia, DairyNSW (Camden, NSW, Australia), DRF (Camden, NSW, Australia), eastAUSmilk (Brisbane, QLD), Local Land Services (Hunter; Tocal, NSW, Australia), Leppington Pastoral Co. (Bringelly, NSW, Australia), Norco Dairy Co-Op (South Lismore, NSW, Australia), NSW Farmers (St Leonards, NSW, Australia), the NSW Department of Primary Industries (Menangle, NSW, Australia), Scibus, and South East Local Land Services (Goulburn, NSW, Australia).
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Affiliation(s)
- I J Lean
- Scibus, Camden, New South Wales, Australia
- Dairy UP, The University of Sydney, Camden, New South Wales, Australia
| | - H M Golder
- Scibus, Camden, New South Wales, Australia
- Dairy UP, The University of Sydney, Camden, New South Wales, Australia
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13
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Chen W, Chen Y, Wu C, Zhang X, Huang X. The accuracy of Fiber-Optic Raman Spectroscopy in the detection and diagnosis of head and neck neoplasm in vivo: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16536. [PMID: 38099303 PMCID: PMC10720414 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this article was to review and collectively assess the published studies of fiber-optic Raman spectroscopy (RS) of the in vivo detection and diagnosis of head and neck carcinomas, and to derive a consensus average of the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. Methods The authors searched four databases, including Ovid-Medline, Ovid-Embase, Cochrane Library, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), up to February 2023 for all published studies that assessed the diagnostic accuracy of fiber-optic RS in the in vivo detection of head and neck carcinomas. Nonqualifying studies were screened out in accordance with the specified exclusion criteria, and relevant information about the diagnostic performance of fiber-optic RS was excluded. Publication bias was estimated by Deeks' funnel plot asymmetry test. A random effects model was adopted to calculate the pooled sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR). Additionally, the authors conducted a summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve analysis and threshold analysis, reporting the area under the curve (AUC) to evaluate the overall performance of fiber-optic RS in vivo. Results Ten studies (including 16 groups of data) were included in this article, and a total of 5365 in vivo Raman spectra (cancer = 1,746; normal = 3,619) were acquired from 877 patients. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of fiber-optic RS of head and neck carcinomas were 0.88 and 0.94, respectively. SROC curves were generated to estimate the overall diagnostic accuracy, and the AUC was 0.96 (95% CI [0.94-0.97]). No significant publication bias was found in this meta-analysis by Deeks' funnel plot asymmetry test. The heterogeneity of these studies was significant; the Q test values of the sensitivity and specificity were 106.23 (P = 0.00) and 64.21 (P = 0.00), respectively, and the I2 index of the sensitivity and specificity were 85.88 (95% CI [79.99-91.77]) and 76.64 (95% CI [65.45-87.83]), respectively. Conclusion Fiber-optic RS was demonstrated to be a reliable technique for the in vivo detection of head and neck carcinoma with high accuracy. However, considering the high heterogeneity of these studies, more clinical studies are needed to reduce the heterogeneity, and further confirm the utility of fiber-optic Raman spectroscopy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Chen
- Department of Stomatology and Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yafei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenzhou Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xidong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- Department of Stomatology and Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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14
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Stegmayer MÁ, Sirini NE, Ruiz MJ, Soto LP, Zbrun MV, Lorenzo JM, Signorini ML, Frizzo LS. Effects of lactic acid bacteria and coagulase-negative staphylococci on dry-fermented sausage quality and safety: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Meat Sci 2023; 206:109337. [PMID: 37757506 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The meta-analysis aim was to confirm and quantifying the influence of starter cultures on microbiological and physical-chemical parameters of dry-fermented sausages at the end fermentation stage. The literature search yielded 1194 citations, and 77 studies with 178 experiments were eligible and included in the meta-analysis, a random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled weighted mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI).The use of starter culture in dry-fermented sausages significantly reduced pH (MD: -0.364; CI: -0.414; -0.319), moisture (MD: -1.443; CI: -1.931; -0.955), aw (MD: -0.011; CI: -0.017; -0.006), Enterobacteriaceae count (MD: -1.119; CI: -1.293; -0.945), yeasts and molds count (MD: -0.351; CI: -0.691; -0.084), and increased color component a* (MD: 0.859; CI: 0.266;1.452), color component L* (MD: 1.288; CI: 0.433; 2.143), LAB count (MD: 0.981; CI: 0.696;1.267), Staphylococci count (MD: 0.484; CI: 0.293; 0.675) and TVC (MD: 0.529; CI: 0.098; 0.959). The results of the sub-analysis suggest that the addition of LAB and LAB/CNS inocula have a greater effect on the physico-chemical and microbiological parameters studied in this work. In the meta-regression analysis, a positive linear relationship was found in starter culture sausages in comparison with control batch between LAB count and the dose of starter culture added, and in the pH and Enterobacteriaceae count with the passage of fermentation days. In contrast, a negative linear relationship was found between redness and increased casing diameter of the sausages. Therefore, our work shows impact that addition of starter cultures has on safety and quality of dry-fermented sausages.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ángeles Stegmayer
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Kreder 2805, (S3080HOF), Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Noelí Estefanía Sirini
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Kreder 2805, (S3080HOF), Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Julia Ruiz
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Kreder 2805, (S3080HOF), Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Lorena Paola Soto
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Kreder 2805, (S3080HOF), Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science-Litoral National University, Kreder 2805, (S3080HOF), Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Virginia Zbrun
- Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea (INTA-CONICET), Rafaela, Argentina; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science-Litoral National University, Kreder 2805, (S3080HOF), Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - José Manuel Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Adva. Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain; Universidade de Vigo, Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Marcelo Lisandro Signorini
- Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea (INTA-CONICET), Rafaela, Argentina; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science-Litoral National University, Kreder 2805, (S3080HOF), Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Laureano Sebastián Frizzo
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Kreder 2805, (S3080HOF), Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science-Litoral National University, Kreder 2805, (S3080HOF), Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina
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15
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Soto LP, Sirini NE, Frizzo LS, Zbrun MV, Zimmermann JA, Ruiz MJ, Rosmini MR, Sequeira GJ, Miotti C, Signorini ML. Lactic acid bacteria viability in different refrigerated food matrices: a systematic review and Meta‑analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:12178-12206. [PMID: 35848093 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2099807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine which variables affect the viability of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) added to different types of refrigerated foods during the first 28 days. Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed and Cochrane Central Register of Reviews databases were searched from 1997 to April 2022. A total of 278 studies, which showed randomized and controlled experiments published in peer reviewed journals, were included. The viability of LAB in different moments during the storage process was synthesized as mean point estimate (MPE) via random-effects meta-analyses and the effect of multiple factors on the LAB´s viability was evaluated by multiple meta-regression. The meta-analysis showed that the decrease in LAB viability will be more abrupt the greater the initial dose. The physical structure of food may influence bacterial viability. Fruit was the type of product that most quickly lost viability. Co-culture of two or more species did not affect viability. Preservation methods had an unfavorable effect and prebiotics had a beneficial effect on bacterial viability. Viability was genus dependent. The data obtained in this study provide an overview of the factors to be taken into account for the design of new foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena P Soto
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of the Littoral, Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Noelí E Sirini
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Laureano S Frizzo
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of the Littoral, Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María V Zbrun
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of the Littoral, Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina
- Dairy Chain Research Institute, EEA Rafaela, Rafaela, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Jorge A Zimmermann
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María J Ruiz
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Marcelo R Rosmini
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of the Littoral, Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Gabriel J Sequeira
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of the Littoral, Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Camila Miotti
- Dairy Chain Research Institute, EEA Rafaela, Rafaela, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Marcelo L Signorini
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of the Littoral, Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina
- Dairy Chain Research Institute, EEA Rafaela, Rafaela, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina
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Boeters M, Garcia-Morante B, van Schaik G, Segalés J, Rushton J, Steeneveld W. The economic impact of endemic respiratory disease in pigs and related interventions - a systematic review. Porcine Health Manag 2023; 9:45. [PMID: 37848972 PMCID: PMC10583309 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-023-00342-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the financial consequences of endemically prevalent pathogens within the porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) and the effects of interventions assists decision-making regarding disease prevention and control. The aim of this systematic review was to identify what economic studies have been carried out on infectious endemic respiratory disease in pigs, what methods are being used, and, when feasible, to identify the economic impacts of PRDC pathogens and the costs and benefits of interventions. RESULTS By following the PRISMA method, a total of 58 studies were deemed eligible for the purpose of this systematic review. Twenty-six studies used data derived from European countries, 18 from the US, 6 from Asia, 4 from Oceania, and 4 from other countries, i.e., Canada, Mexico, and Brazil. Main findings from selected publications were: (1) The studies mainly considered endemic scenarios on commercial fattening farms; (2) The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus was by far the most studied pathogen, followed by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, but the absence or presence of other endemic respiratory pathogens was often not verified or accounted for; (3) Most studies calculated the economic impact using primary production data, whereas twelve studies modelled the impact using secondary data only; (4) Seven different economic methods were applied across studies; (5) A large variation exists in the cost and revenue components considered in calculations, with feed costs and reduced carcass value included the most often; (6) The reported median economic impact of one or several co-existing respiratory pathogen(s) ranged from €1.70 to €8.90 per nursery pig, €2.30 to €15.35 per fattening pig, and €100 to €323 per sow per year; and (7) Vaccination was the most studied intervention, and the outcomes of all but three intervention-focused studies were neutral or positive. CONCLUSION The outcomes and discussion from this systematic review provide insight into the studies, their methods, the advantages and limitations of the existing research, and the reported impacts from the endemic respiratory disease complex for pig production systems worldwide. Future research should improve the consistency and comparability of economic assessments by ensuring the inclusion of high impact cost and revenue components and expressing results similarly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marloes Boeters
- Department of Population Health Sciences, section Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Beatriz Garcia-Morante
- IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Campus, Bellaterra, Catalonia 08193 Spain
- WOAH Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), Bellaterra, 08193 Spain
- Unitat Mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193 Spain
| | - Gerdien van Schaik
- Department of Population Health Sciences, section Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Royal GD, Deventer, the Netherlands
| | - Joaquim Segalés
- WOAH Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), Bellaterra, 08193 Spain
- Unitat Mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193 Spain
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Spain
| | - Jonathan Rushton
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Global Burden of Animal Diseases (GBADs) Programme, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Wilma Steeneveld
- Department of Population Health Sciences, section Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Weaver AC, Weaver DM, Adams N, Yiannikouris A. Use of Yeast Cell Wall Extract for Growing Pigs Consuming Feed Contaminated with Mycotoxins below or above Regulatory Guidelines: A Meta-Analysis with Meta-Regression. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:596. [PMID: 37888627 PMCID: PMC10611179 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15100596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Using a random-effects meta-analysis, the performance of growing pigs under a mycotoxin challenge (MT) with or without supplementation of yeast cell wall extract (YCWE, Mycosorb®, Alltech Inc.) was evaluated. Both MT and YCWE were also compared to animal controls not receiving mycotoxins (CTRL). Meta-regression was used to further explore the impacts of MT at/below (category 1) or above (category 2) global regulatory guidelines. Following the screening, 23 suitable references (30 mycotoxin treatments) were used. Overall, MT lowered average daily gain (ADG, p < 0.001) and average daily feed intake (ADFI, p < 0.0001) from CTRL by -84 and -165 g, respectively. Inclusion of YCWE during mycotoxin challenges (YCWE+MT, average 2.1 kg/ton) tended to result in greater ADG (+17 g, p = 0.068) compared to MT treatments. The gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) was not impacted by MT or YCWE+MT. Further investigation by meta-regression revealed that pigs fed MT in category 1 had lower ADG (-78.5 g, p < 0.001) versus CTRL, while YCWE+MT had higher ADG (+48 g, p < 0.001) over MT and was similar to CTRL. The ADFI was not impacted, although YCWE+MT had ADFI values similar to the CTRL. In category 2, ADG and ADFI of pigs fed MT were lower than CTRL (-85.1 and -166 g, respectively, p < 0.0001), with a tendency for YCWE+MT to result in higher ADFI (+25.3 g, p = 0.062). In summary, the inclusion of YCWE provided benefits to performance during common mycotoxin challenge levels (at or below regulatory guidelines).
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Ghavi Hossein-Zadeh N. Milk coagulation properties are moderately heritable in dairy cows: a meta-analysis using the random-effects model. J DAIRY RES 2023; 90:234-243. [PMID: 37587693 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029923000444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to conduct a meta-analysis using the random-effects model to merge published genetic parameter estimates for milk coagulation properties (MCP: comprising rennet coagulation time (RCT), curd-firming time (k20), curd firmness 30 min after rennet addition (a30), titrable acidity (TA) and milk acidity or pH) in dairy cows. Overall, 80 heritability estimates and 157 genetic correlations from 23 papers published between 1999 and 2020 were used. The heritability estimates for RCT, a30, k20, TA, and pH were 0.273, 0.303, 0.278, 0.189 and 0.276, respectively. The genetic correlation estimates between RCT-a30, RCT-pH, and RCT-TA were 0.842, 0.549 and -0.565, respectively. Genetic correlation estimates between RCT and production traits were generally low and ranged from -0.142 (between RCT and casein content) to 0.094 (between RCT and somatic cell score). Moderate and significant genetic correlations were observed between a30-pH (-0.396) and a30-TA (0.662). Also, the genetic correlation estimates between a30 and production traits were low to moderate and varied from -0.165 (between a30 and milk yield) to 0.481 (between a30 and casein content). Genetic correlation estimates between pH and production traits were low and varied from -0.190 (between pH and milk protein percentage) to 0.254 (between pH and somatic cell score). The results of this meta-analysis indicated the existence of additive genetic variation for MCP that could be used in genetic selection programs for dairy cows. Because of the moderate heritability of MCP and small genetic correlations with production traits, it could be possible to improve MCP with negligible correlated effects on production traits.
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Golder HM, LeBlanc SJ, Duffield T, Rossow HA, Bogdanich R, Hernandez L, Block E, Rehberger J, Smith AH, Thomson J, Lean IJ. Characterizing ruminal acidosis risk: A multiherd, multicountry study. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:3155-3175. [PMID: 36894423 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
A multicenter observational study was conducted on early lactation Holstein cows (n = 261) from 32 herds from 3 regions (Australia, AU; California, CA; and Canada, CAN) to characterize their risk of acidosis into 3 groups (high, medium, or low) using a discriminant analysis model previously developed. Diets ranged from pasture supplemented with concentrates to total mixed ration (nonfiber carbohydrates = 17 to 47 and neutral detergent fiber = 27 to 58% of dry matter). Rumen fluid samples were collected <3 h after feeding and analyzed for pH, and ammonia, d- and l-lactate, and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations. Eigenvectors were produced using cluster and discriminant analysis from a combination of rumen pH, and ammonia, d-lactate, and individual VFA concentrations and were used to calculate the probability of the risk of ruminal acidosis based on proximity to the centroid of 3 clusters. Bacterial 16S ribosomal DNA sequence data were analyzed to characterize bacteria. Individual cow milk volume, fat, protein, and somatic cell count values were obtained from the closest herd test to the rumen sampling date (median = 1 d before rumen sampling). Mixed model analyses were performed on the markers of rumen fermentation, production characteristics, and the probability of acidosis. A total of 26.1% of the cows were classified as high risk for acidosis, 26.8% as medium risk, and 47.1% as low risk. Acidosis risk differed among regions with AU (37.2%) and CA (39.2%) having similar prevalence of high-risk cows and CAN only 5.2%. The high-risk group had rumen phyla, fermentation, and production characteristics consistent with a model of acidosis that reflected a rapid rate of carbohydrate fermentation. Namely, acetate to propionate ratio (1.98 ± 0.11), concentrations of valerate (2.93 ± 0.14 mM), milk fat to protein ratio (1.11 ± 0.047), and a positive association with abundance of phylum Firmicutes. The medium-risk group contains cows that may be inappetant or that had not eaten recently or were in recovery from acidosis. The low-risk group may represent cattle that are well fed with a stable rumen and a slower rumen fermentation of carbohydrates. The high risk for acidosis group had lower diversity of bacteria than the other groups, whereas CAN had a greater diversity than AU and CA. Rumen fermentation profile, abundance of ruminal bacterial phyla, and production characteristics of early lactation dairy cattle from 3 regions were successfully categorized in 3 different acidosis risk states, with characteristics differing between acidosis risk groups. The prevalence of acidosis risk also differed between regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Golder
- Scibus, Camden, NSW, Australia, 2570; Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia, 2570
| | - S J LeBlanc
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - T Duffield
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - H A Rossow
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Tulare 93274
| | - R Bogdanich
- Cross Street Veterinary Clinic, Tulare, CA 93274
| | - L Hernandez
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706
| | - E Block
- Arm & Hammer Animal and Food Production, Princeton, NJ 08540
| | - J Rehberger
- Arm & Hammer Animal and Food Production, Princeton, NJ 08540
| | - A H Smith
- Arm & Hammer Animal and Food Production, Princeton, NJ 08540
| | - J Thomson
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman 59717
| | - I J Lean
- Scibus, Camden, NSW, Australia, 2570; Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia, 2570.
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Ogbuewu IP, Modisaojang-Mojanaga MMC, Mokolopi BG, Mbajiorgu CA. A Meta-analysis of Responses of Broiler Chickens to Dietary Zinc Supplementation: Feed Intake, Feed Conversion Ratio and Average Daily Gain. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:2491-2502. [PMID: 35691994 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03320-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The importance of zinc (Zn) in broiler chicken nutrition is gaining attention due to the realization of its role in several enzymes and metabolic functions. This meta-analysis, therefore, aimed to synthesize pooled evidence on the effectiveness of Zn supplementation on enhancing feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and average daily gain (ADG) in broiler chickens. Thirty-seven peer-reviewed studies out of 436 identified from the search carried out in Scopus, Google Scholar and PubMed databases met the criteria for inclusion in this meta-analysis. Data were pooled and then disaggregated for moderators: broiler strains, sources of Zn, duration of Zn supplementation and Zn supplementation levels. All the analyses were conducted in Open Meta-analyst for Ecology and Evolution (OpenMEE) software. Pooled results indicate that Zn supplementation increased feed intake [standardised mean differences (SMD) = 0.34 g/bird/day; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.27, 0.42)] and ADG (SMD = 0.43 g/bird/day; 95% CI 0.35, 0.50) in broiler chickens in comparison with the controls. Dietary Zn supplementation improves FCR (SMD = - 0.16 g/g; 95% CI 0.20, - 0.11), taking heterogeneity and publication biases into account. Restricted subanalysis showed that studied moderators influenced the outcomes of the meta-analysis. Meta-regression revealed that moderators explain about 38% of the sources of variations in the present study. This meta-analysis suggests that dietary zinc supplementation had a positive effect on growth performance indices in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- I P Ogbuewu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Private Bag X6, Florida, 1710, South Africa.
| | - M M C Modisaojang-Mojanaga
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Private Bag X6, Florida, 1710, South Africa
| | - B G Mokolopi
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Private Bag X6, Florida, 1710, South Africa
| | - C A Mbajiorgu
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Private Bag X6, Florida, 1710, South Africa
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Global Seropositivity of Swine Leptospirosis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:tropicalmed8030158. [PMID: 36977159 PMCID: PMC10059827 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8030158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a major threat to public health worldwide; however, there is no study focused on global seropositivity in pigs. In this study, we grouped publications and performed a systematic review with meta-analysis to gather data related to swine leptospirosis seropositivity published globally. The search method initially used returned a total of 1183 results, of which 20 met all predefined criteria and were therefore included in this review. Meta-analysis with general data was performed and a combined seropositivity of 21.95% was found. Seropositivity was 36.40% in South America, 34.05% in North America, 22.18% in Africa, 17.40% in Oceania, 13.30% in Europe and 13.36% in Asia. The results suggest that there is high seropositivity for leptospirosis in pigs worldwide. Information compiled from this research is relevant to understanding the spread of leptospirosis globally. It is expected that these indicators will contribute to a better understanding of the epidemiology of the disease with a focus on its control and, consequently, on the reduction of cases in the human and animal population.
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Ogbuewu IP, Mbajiorgu CA. Meta-analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on enhancement of growth performance, rumen fermentation and haemato-biochemical characteristics of growing goats. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14178. [PMID: 36923902 PMCID: PMC10009197 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) feed additives to improve animal performance are on the increase; however, the results of the action of SC supplementation on goats performance indices are conflicting. Thus, the thrust of this meta-analysis was to examine the influence of dietary SC intervention on the growth performance, haemato-biochemical indices and ruminal fermentation characteristics of growing goats fed total mixed ration (TMR). The search conducted in Google Scholar, PubMed and Scopus databases using several keywords yielded 500 studies of which 16 full-text articles were utilised for study. Response variables were aggregated via a random-effects model. The results showed that goats fed SC experienced higher average daily gain (ADG) than the controls (as standardized mean difference, SMD = 2.14; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.40 to 2.89). In converse, dietary SC intervention had a small impact on dry matter intake (DMI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that SC type (active vs inactive) improved FCR and ADG in growing goats. Results suggested that SC preparation increased blood glucose, white blood cell (WBC), ruminal propionate and total volatile fatty acid levels. There is heterogeneity among the articles used in the study, and aspects of studied covariates explained the variation. In conclusion, this study indicated that dietary yeast can positively influence growth performance, haemato-biochemical indices, and rumen fermentation parameters of growing goats.
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Key Words
- ADG, average daily gain
- Blood characteristics
- CI, confidence interval
- DMI, dry matter intake
- ES, effect size
- FCR, feed conversion ratio
- Goats
- Hb, haemoglobin
- Meta-analysis
- NH3N, ammonia nitrogen
- Nfs, fail-safe number
- OpenMEE, open meta-analyst for ecology and evolution
- PCV, packed cell volume
- PICO, population intervention comparison outcome
- PRISMA, preferred reporting items for systematic reviews andmeta-analyses
- Performance
- RBC, red blood cell
- Ruminal parameters
- SC, saccharomyces cerevisiae
- SMD, standardised mean difference
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae
- TMR, total mixed ration
- TVFA, total volatile fatty acid
- VFA, volatile fatty acid
- WBC, white blood cell
- YC, yeast culture
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifeanyi Princewill Ogbuewu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.,Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida, 1710, South Africa
| | - Christian Anayo Mbajiorgu
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida, 1710, South Africa
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Ogbuewu IP, Mbajiorgu CA. Meta-analysis of the influence of dietary cassava on productive indices and egg quality of laying hens. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13998. [PMID: 36915479 PMCID: PMC10006468 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
There are an increasing number of studies on the effect of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) on performance of laying hens with inconsistent outcomes. This study, therefore, used a meta-analytic approach to examine the effect of cassava-based diets on feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) end production data such as hen day egg production (HDEP), egg weight (EW), egg mass (EM), Haugh unit (HU), shell weight (SW) and shell thickness (ST) in laying hens. Two hundred and three studies were identified in a search performed in PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases of which thirteen studies were suitable for the meta-analysis. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed to explore the responses of laying hens to dietary cassava and sources of heterogeneity, respectively using the following moderators: study continent, cassava type, cassava processing methods, inclusion level, layer strain, feeding durations, number of layers and hen's age. Data were pooled using a random-effects model and statistical analyses were performed in OpenMEE software. Results show that cassava increased FI (mean difference MD = 0.97 g/d; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.05, 1.90) and reduced egg weight (MD = -0.72 g; 95% CI -1.26, -0.19) and SW (MD = -0.11 g; 95% CI -0.18, -0.04) when compared to control. Laying hens fed cassava diets had HDEP, FCR, EM, ST and HU values that compared favourably with the controls. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that inclusion of cassava at ≤ 25% in layer diets had no deleterious effects on measured outcomes taking cognizance of significant heterogeneity. However, meta-regression results showed that most of the sources of heterogeneity were explained by the studied moderators. In conclusion, ≤25% of cassava (CRM and CPM) can be included in layer diets without adverse effects on feed intake, feed conversion ratio and egg production characteristics, indicating that cassava has a very bright future as an energy source in the diets of laying hens.
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Key Words
- CI, confidence interval
- CPM, cassava peel meal
- CRM, cassava root meal
- Cassava
- DF, degree of freedom
- EM, egg mass
- EW, egg weight
- FCR, feed conversion ratio
- FI, feed intake
- Feed conversion ratio
- Feed intake
- HDEP, hen day egg production
- HU, haugh unit
- Layers
- Laying performance
- MD, mean difference
- Meta-analysis
- Nfs, Rosenberg's fail-safe numbe
- OpenMEE, open meta-analyst for ecology and evolution
- PICO, population intervention comparison outcome
- PRISMA, preferred reporting item for systematic reviews and meta-analyses
- QM, coefficient of moderators
- SE, standard error
- ST, shell thickness
- SW, shell weight
- WF, wet fermentation
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifeanyichukwu Princewill Ogbuewu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.,Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida 1710, South Africa
| | - Christian Anayo Mbajiorgu
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida 1710, South Africa
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Du J, Jiang J, Wang H, Zuo Y, Sun J. Effect of clay supplementation on growth performance of broiler chickens: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br Poult Sci 2023:1-11. [PMID: 36607319 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2022.2160625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
1. This review assessed the effect of dietary clay supplementation as a drug and toxin adsorbent on broiler growth performance as a meta-analysis.2. A total of 33 eligible studies were included in the present study after identification and evaluation from online databases. Standardised mean differences (SMD) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals were computed with a fixed-effects model.3. The results indicated that clay supplementation significantly improved broiler daily gain (P < 0.001) and feed conversion ratio (P < 0.001), but did not affect feed intake (P = 0.954). Results of subgroup analysis showed that zeolite clay had the most stable medium improvement effect on FCR, while kaolin had a large effect. In addition, male broilers and Cobb or Ross broilers were more sensitive to the addition of clay, and the best supplemental levels, in general, were 10 g/kg to 30 g/kg.4. Meta-regression analysis showed that clay supplemental level and sex of broilers may be important factors in the effect of clay on ADG and FCR of broilers, respectively. The sensitivity analysis showed high stability of the results and no significant publication bias was found with funnel plot analysis and Egger's or Begg's test (P > 0.05).5. In conclusion, an appropriate addition level is a prerequisite for effective clay application. Kaolin and zeolite clays seem to be more suitable for enhancing broiler growth performance, and the value of clay is amplified in specific broiler breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Du
- Research and Development Centre, Research Centre of Nanjing Well Pharmaceutical Group Co. LTD, Nanjing, China
| | - J Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - H Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Y Zuo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - J Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Camargo NDOT, Lima Cony BS, da Silva MK, Franceschi CH, Andretta I. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of phytogenic feed additives on pig performance. Livest Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2023.105190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
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Marçal-Pedroza MG, Canozzi MEA, Campos MM, Sant’Anna AC. Effects of dairy cow temperament on milk yield: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad099. [PMID: 37004202 PMCID: PMC10158527 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The temperament of dairy cows interferes in milk yield and quality, but there is a lack of consensus throughout the literature. Thus, systematic review (SR) and meta-analysis (MA) methodologies were used to assess the effects of dairy cow temperament on milk yield. Our literature search included four electronic databases (CABI Abstracts, Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus) and bibliographies of the publications included on MA. As inclusion criteria, we considered publications about the temperament of lactating cows and its effect on daily milk yield and total milk yield (whole lactation). A random effect-MA was carried out separately for daily milk yield and total milk yield related to each class of cows' temperament, 'low' (low reactivity, calm animals), 'intermediate' (intermediate reactivity), and 'high' (high reactivity, reactive animals). A total of eight publications reporting 75 trials were included in the analyses for daily milk yield, and three publications reporting nine trials for total milk yield. For daily and total milk yield the heterogeneity between publications was high (I2 = 99.9%). Cows of European breeds with intermediate temperament produced less milk daily than the calm (P = 0.020) and reactive ones (P < 0.001). In the case of primiparous cows, those with intermediate temperament produced less milk daily (P < 0.001) than the reactive ones, while for multiparous, the intermediate produced less than calm (P = 0.032) and reactive cows (P < 0.001). Regarding the stage of lactation, cows evaluated throughout lactation with a calm temperament tended (P = 0.081) to produce more milk than the intermediate ones, but less than the reactive ones (P < 0.001). For total milk yield, reactive cows tended to produce more than the calm (P = 0.082) and intermediate (P = 0.001) ones. Among European and primiparous cows, reactive cows produced more than the intermediate (P = 0.001). According to our results, we cannot confirm what we expected, that calmer cows would be the most productive for both daily and total yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Marçal-Pedroza
- Nucleus of Studies and Research in Ethology and Animal Welfare (NEBEA), Department of Zoology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36.036-330, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
- Postgraduation Program in Biodiversity and Nature Conservancy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36.036-330, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana M Campos
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Minas Gerais, 36038-330, Brazil
| | - Aline C Sant’Anna
- Nucleus of Studies and Research in Ethology and Animal Welfare (NEBEA), Department of Zoology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36.036-330, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
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Ghavi Hossein-Zadeh N. A meta-analysis of the genetic contribution to greenhouse gas emission in sheep. J Anim Breed Genet 2023; 140:49-59. [PMID: 36263924 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to use a random-effects model of meta-analysis to merge various heritability estimates of different gas emission traits (methane yield [METY], methane production [METP], carbon dioxide production [CO2 ], the sum of carbon dioxide and methane production [METP + CO2 ], METP METP + CO 2 ratio, and oxygen consumption [O2 ]) and their genetic association with growth and partial efficiency traits in sheep. A total of 53 genetic correlations and 47 heritability estimates from 13 scientific articles were used in the meta-analysis. The included papers were published between 2010 and 2022. To measure heterogeneity, Chi-square (Q) test was performed, and the I2 statistic was determined. The average heritability estimates for the studied traits were low to moderate and ranged from 0.137 (for METY) to 0.250 (for METP + CO2 ). The heterogeneity test of heritability estimates indicated that heritability estimates for METY, O2 consumption, and METP METP + CO 2 had low Q values and non-significant heterogeneity (p > 0.10). However, the average heritability estimates for other traits experienced significant heterogeneities (p < 0.10). The genetic correlation estimate between METP with O2 was -0.597 (p < 0.05), but its genetic correlations with other gas traits ranged from 0.593 (with METP + CO2 ) to 0.653 (CO2 ; p < 0.05). Also, mean estimates of genetic correlation between METP with live weight (LW), feed intake (FI), and residual feed intake (RFI) were 0.719, 0.598, and 0.408, respectively. The genetic correlations of CO2 with performance traits varied from 0.641 (with RFI) to 0.833 (with FI; p < 0.05). This meta-analysis showed gas emission traits in sheep are under low-to-moderate genetic control. The average genetic parameter estimates obtained in this study could be considered in the genetic selection programmes for sheep, especially when there is no access to accurate phenotypic records or genetic parameter estimates for gas emission traits.
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Ghavi Hossein-Zadeh N. A meta-analysis of the genetic contribution estimates to major indicators for ketosis in dairy cows. Res Vet Sci 2022; 153:8-16. [PMID: 36272179 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to perform a meta-analysis using the random-effects model to merge published genetic parameter estimates for major indicators of ketosis [milk concentrations of acetone (ACETm) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBAm), and blood concentration of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBAb)] in dairy cows. Overall, 51 heritability estimates and 130 genetic correlations from 19 papers published between 2012 and 2022 were used in this study. The average heritability estimates for ACETm, BHBAm, and BHBAb were 0.164, 0.123, and 0.141, respectively. The genetic correlation estimates between BHBAm and milk yield (MY), milk protein percentage (PP), and body condition score (BCS) were negative and moderate (-0.252, -0.200, and - 0.314, respectively). Genetic correlation estimates between BHBAm and milk fat percentage (FP), milk fat to protein ratio (FPR), and ketosis (KET) were moderate to high (0.411, 0.512, and 0.614, respectively). The genetic correlation estimates between BHBAb and MY and FP were low and equal to 0.128 and 0.035, respectively. The genetic correlation estimates between ACETm-MY and ACETm-PP were negative and moderate (-0.374 and - 0.398, respectively). Estimates of genetic correlation between ACETm and FP, FPR, and KET were moderate to high (0.455, 0.626, and 0.876, respectively). The results of this meta-analysis indicated the existence of additive genetic variation for ketosis indicator metabolites which could be exploited in genetic selection programs to reduce ketosis in dairy cows. Moreover, the results propose that selection for lower concentrations of indicator traits could be an effective plan for indirect improvement of production and reproduction performance, and health in dairy cows.
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Hayward AD. Genetic parameters for resistance to gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep: a meta-analysis. Int J Parasitol 2022; 52:843-853. [PMID: 36244427 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) are damaging parasites of global sheep populations. The key weapons in fighting GINs have been anthelmintic drugs, but the emergence of drug-resistant parasites has meant that alternative control methods are needed. One of these alternatives is to breed for enhanced host resistance to GINs, and decades of research have estimated the genetic contribution to different measures of resistance to GINs and their genetic correlations with other desirable performance traits. It is clear that parasite resistance is a heritable trait that can be selected for. Despite this consensus, estimates of both heritability of resistance and genetic correlations with other traits vary widely between studies, and the reasons for this variation have not been examined. This study provides a comprehensive and quantitative meta-analysis of genetic parameters for resistance to GINs in sheep, including measures of worm burden (faecal egg counts, FECs), anti-parasite immunity (GIN-specific antibodies), and parasite-induced pathology (FAMACHA© scores). Analysis of 591 heritability estimates from 121 studies revealed a global heritability estimate for resistance to GINs of 0.25 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.22-0.27) that was stable across breeds, ages, geographical location and analytical methods. Meanwhile, analysis of 559 genetic correlations from 54 studies revealed that resistance to GINs overall has a positive genetic correlation of +0.10 (95% CI = 0.02-0.19) with performance traits, and that this was consistent across breeds, ages, sexes and analytical methods. Importantly, the direction of the genetic correlation varied with the resistance trait measured: while FECs and FAMACHA© scores were favourably correlated with performance traits, adaptive immune markers were unfavourably correlated, suggesting that selection for enhanced immune responses to GINs could reduce animal performance. Overall, the results suggest that breeding for resistance to GINs should continue to form part of integrated management programs to reduce the impact of parasites on health and performance, but that selection for enhanced immune responses should be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Hayward
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentland Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, UK.
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30
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Ogbuewu IP, Mbajiorgu CA. Meta-analytic effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on dry matter intake, milk yield and components of lactating goats. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1014977. [PMID: 36467636 PMCID: PMC9715603 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1014977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The results of investigations on the impact of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) on performance characteristics of lactating goats are inconsistent. Thus, this study aimed to summarize available evidence on the effect of SC supplementation on dry matter intake (DMI), milk yield and composition in lactating goats using meta-analysis. A systematic search performed on Scopus, Google Scholar and PubMed databases yielded 1,368 studies of which 18 were used for the meta-analysis. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed to explore the sources of heterogeneity in response to dietary SC supplementation. A random-effects model showed that SC had a moderate effect on milk yield [standardized mean differences (SMD) = 0.51; 95% CI: 0.20 to 0.82, p = 0.001] and milk fat (SMD = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.55, p = 0.02) in lactating goats when compared to the controls. Subgroup analysis by SC type indicated that live SC had a large to moderate effect on milk yield (SMD = 1.46; 95% CI: 0.96 to 1.96, p < 0.001) and milk fat (SMD = 0.51; 95% CI: 0.19 to 0.84, p = 0.002), whereas dead SC had a large negative effect on DMI (SMD = -0.82; 95% CI: -1.28 to -0.7, p < 0.001) and a moderate reduction effect on milk yield (SMD = -0.55; 95% CI: -0.99 to -1.96, p = 0.015). We found significant heterogeneity across studies that evaluated the effect of SC treatment on DMI and milk yield in lactating goats and meta-regression analysis explained most of the sources of heterogeneity. In conclusion, pooled results showed that dietary SC supplementation increased milk yield and fat in lactating goats. In addition, subgroup analysis revealed that both live and fermented SC increased milk yield and fat in lactating goats, while dead SC reduced DMI and milk yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifeanyi Princewill Ogbuewu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria,Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa,*Correspondence: Ifeanyi Princewill Ogbuewu ;
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Barril PA, Oteiza JM, Pardo J, Leotta GA, Signorini ML. Meta-analysis of the prevalence of the main human pathogens in vegetables, with emphasis on lettuce. Food Res Int 2022; 160:111727. [PMID: 36076463 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
This meta-analysis aims to summarize the available information on the prevalence of the main human pathogenic microorganisms in vegetables, with emphasis on lettuce (Lactuca sativa). The database searches included scientific papers from 1980 to 2019, without language restrictions. Inclusion criteria were prevalence or incidence studies published in peer-reviewed journals reporting the total number of vegetable samples studied and the number of samples positive for the presence of the studied pathogens. The target pathogens were grouped into the following categories: bacteria, parasites and viruses. Results of different vegetable types, years of sampling, analyzed regions or species of microorganisms reported in the same article were considered as different studies. Therefore, each scientific article may contain several studies. Multilevel random-effect meta-analysis models were fitted to estimate the mean occurrence rate of pathogenic microorganisms and to compare them with different factors potentially associated with the outcome. Overall, the prevalence of bacterial, parasitic and viral pathogens in vegetables was relatively low. The mean prevalence of bacterial hazards was < 0.023, with the exception of S. aureus, whose prevalence was estimated at 0.096. The mean occurrence rates of parasites and viruses were 0.067 (95 % CI: 0.056-0.080) and 0.079 (95 % CI: 0.054-0.113), respectively. The prevalence of pathogenic E. coli and parasites increased as the year of publication of the scientific articles progressed, whereas the prevalence of the other bacterial pathogens and enteric viruses was steady. The types of vegetables evaluated did not affect pathogen prevalence. The prevalence of pathogenic microorganisms differed according to the continent of origin, except for E. coli O157:H7 and parasites. The prevalence of pathogens in vegetables is of public health importance, especially in vegetable types that are eaten raw, without thermal treatment to inactivate pathogens. This meta-analysis results show the need to apply proper sanitation methods to treat raw vegetables in order to avoid foodborne infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Angélica Barril
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Laboratorio de Microbiología de los Alimentos, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia Técnica a la Industria (CIATI), Centenario, Neuquén, Argentina; Red de Seguridad Alimentaria (RSA), CONICET, Argentina.
| | - Juan Martín Oteiza
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Laboratorio de Microbiología de los Alimentos, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia Técnica a la Industria (CIATI), Centenario, Neuquén, Argentina; Red de Seguridad Alimentaria (RSA), CONICET, Argentina
| | - Javier Pardo
- Red de Seguridad Alimentaria (RSA), CONICET, Argentina
| | - Gerardo Anibal Leotta
- Red de Seguridad Alimentaria (RSA), CONICET, Argentina; IGEVET - Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Fernando Noel Dulout" (UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de la Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Lisandro Signorini
- Red de Seguridad Alimentaria (RSA), CONICET, Argentina; IDICAL - Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea (INTA - CONICET SANTA FE), Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
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A meta-analysis of the gap between pedigree-based and genomic heritability estimates for production traits in dairy cows. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.105000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Gonzalez-Ronquillo M, Villegas-Estrada D, Robles-Jimenez LE, Garcia Herrera RA, Villegas-Vázquez VL, Vargas-Bello-Pérez E. Effect of the Inclusion of Bacillus spp. in Growing-Finishing Pigs' Diets: A Meta-Analysis. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12172269. [PMID: 36077989 PMCID: PMC9454637 DOI: 10.3390/ani12172269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This meta-analysis determined the effect of Bacillus spp. on growth performance of growing−finishing pigs and then assessed causes for the heterogeneity of responses detected using meta-regression. A database of 22 articles published from 2000 to 2020 was identified, and 9 articles fitted the selection criteria and were integrated in the final database. Statistical analysis was performed to analyze the effect size for ADG, average daily feed intake (ADFI), and F:G ratio using a standardized means difference (SMD) at a 95% confidence interval. A meta-regression analysis was used to investigate the cause of heterogeneity, using the individual SMD for each study assessment as the outcome and the associated SE as the measure of variance. Dietary Bacillus spp. supplementation had no effect on ADFI (SMD: −0.052, p = 0.138) and numerically increased ADG (SMD: 0.113, p = 0.081) and reduced the F:G ratio SMD: −0.127, p < 0.001). Meta-regression outcomes suggested that the number of animals per group was an essential component promoting heterogeneity in ADG. Overall, the inclusion of Bacillus spp. (median 486 mg/d) in growing−finishing pigs can increase ADG and can decrease the F:G ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Gonzalez-Ronquillo
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Departamento de Nutrición Animal, Instituto Literario 100, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca 50000, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
- Correspondence: (M.G.-R.); (E.V.-B.-P.)
| | - Daniela Villegas-Estrada
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Departamento de Nutrición Animal, Instituto Literario 100, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca 50000, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Lizbeth E. Robles-Jimenez
- División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Carretera Villahermosa-Teapa, km 25, R/A La Huasteca 2a Sección, Villahermosa 86280, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Ricardo A Garcia Herrera
- División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Carretera Villahermosa-Teapa, km 25, R/A La Huasteca 2a Sección, Villahermosa 86280, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Vanessa L. Villegas-Vázquez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Departamento de Nutrición Animal, Instituto Literario 100, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca 50000, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, P.O. Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6EU, UK
- Correspondence: (M.G.-R.); (E.V.-B.-P.)
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Ntakiyisumba E, Lee S, Won G. Evidence-Based Approaches for Determining Effective Target Antigens to Develop Vaccines against Post-Weaning Diarrhea Caused by Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in Pigs: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12162136. [PMID: 36009725 PMCID: PMC9405027 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Owing to the levels of mortality and morbidity associated with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) inflicted diarrhea, as well as the scope of the global disease burden, several initiatives to develop effective vaccines have been launched. We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of commercially available and candidate vaccines against ETEC-associated post-weaning diarrhea in pigs. The effectiveness of vaccines was evaluated using three clinical outcomes: mortality, diarrhea, and average daily weight gain. Subsequently, a simultaneous comparison of vaccines was conducted using a Bayesian network meta-analysis approach to generate evidence-based data on the most effective vaccine based on their target antigens. The results indicated that vaccinated pigs had a significantly lower risk of diarrhea and mortality when compared to non-vaccinated pigs. Furthermore, the findings also showed that a multivalent vaccine that targets both fimbriae and enterotoxins should be prioritized to combat post-weaning diarrhea in pigs. Abstract In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis (MA) and systematic review to evaluate the effectiveness of vaccines against post-weaning diarrhea (PWD), caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), in piglets. A Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA) was also performed to compare the effects of combining different target antigens on vaccine efficacy. Relevant electronic databases were searched using pre-specified search terms, and 17 studies were selected based on three outcomes: diarrhea, mortality, and average daily weight gain (ADWG). In pairwise MA, the vaccinated group showed a significant decrease in diarrhea (OR = 0.124 [0.056, 0.275]) and mortality (OR = 0.273 [0.165, 0.451]), and a significant increase in ADWG (SMD = 0.699 [0.107, 1.290]) compared with those in controls. Furthermore, NMA results showed that all vaccine groups, except for group D (LT enterotoxin), were effective against PWD. Rank probabilities indicated that the F4 + F18 + LT combination was the best regimen for preventing diarrhea (SUCRA score = 0.92) and mortality (SUCRA score = 0.89). NMA also demonstrated that, among the vaccine groups, those inducing simultaneous anti-adhesion and antitoxin immunity had the highest efficacy. Our results provide evidence-based information on the efficacy of vaccines in reducing PWD incidence in pigs and may serve as guidelines for antigen selection for commercial vaccine development in the future.
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Zergani E, Rashidi A, Rostamzadeh J, Razmkabir M, Tetens J. Meta-analysis of association between c.963A >G single-nucleotide polymorphism on BMP15 gene and litter size in goats. Arch Anim Breed 2022; 65:309-318. [PMID: 36755958 PMCID: PMC9901516 DOI: 10.5194/aab-65-309-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Litter size is an important economic trait in the goat industry. Previous studies on the bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) gene detected some single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) such as c.963A > G that were associated with an increase in ovulation rate and litter size. The aim of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis on the effect of this polymorphism on litter size. We gathered and pooled data from five eligible published studies. To investigate the effect of c.963A > G on litter size, we utilized four different genetic models assuming dominant (GG + GA vs. AA), recessive (GG vs. GA + AA), additive (GG vs. AA) and co-dominant (GG + AA vs. GA) model of inheritance. Data were analyzed under random-effects models based on the I 2 value. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis was carried out to validate the stability of results. The results showed that the c.963A > G polymorphism is associated with litter size when applying a dominant model (standardized mean difference (SMD) is 0.815, 95 % CI [0.170, 1.461], P value = 0.013) and also with an additive model (SMD = 0.755, 95 % CI [0.111, 1.400], P value = 0.022). However, the effect of c.963A > G polymorphism was not significant under recessive (SMD = 0.186, 95 % CI [ - 0.195, 4.259], P value = 0.339) and co-dominant (SMD = - 0.119, 95 % CI [ - 0.525, 0.288], P value = 0.568) models. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that dropping studies with wide confidence intervals affects overall results under the assumption of an additive model. The meta-analysis results revealed that the AA genotype could be positively connected with litter size in goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emel Zergani
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of
Kurdistan, Sanandaj, 66177, Iran
| | - Amir Rashidi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of
Kurdistan, Sanandaj, 66177, Iran
| | - Jalal Rostamzadeh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of
Kurdistan, Sanandaj, 66177, Iran
| | - Mohammad Razmkabir
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of
Kurdistan, Sanandaj, 66177, Iran
| | - Jens Tetens
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of
Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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A Meta-Analysis of Essential Oils Use for Beef Cattle Feed: Rumen Fermentation, Blood Metabolites, Meat Quality, Performance and, Environmental and Economic Impact. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8060254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to see how dietary supplementation with essential oils (EOs) affected rumen fermentation, blood metabolites, growth performance and meat quality of beef cattle through a meta-analysis. In addition, a simulation analysis was conducted to evaluate the effects of EOs on the economic and environmental impact of beef production. Data were extracted from 34 peer-reviewed studies and analyzed using random-effects statistical models to assess the weighted mean difference (WMD) between control and EOs treatments. Dietary supplementation of EOs increased (p < 0.01) dry matter intake (WMD = 0.209 kg/d), final body weight (WMD = 12.843 kg), daily weight gain (WMD = 0.087 kg/d), feed efficiency (WMD = 0.004 kg/kg), hot carcass weight (WMD = 5.45 kg), and Longissimus dorsi muscle area (WMD = 3.48 cm2). Lower (p < 0.05) ruminal concentration of ammonia nitrogen (WMD = −1.18 mg/dL), acetate (WMD = −4.37 mol/100 mol) and total protozoa (WMD = −2.17 × 105/mL), and higher concentration of propionate (WMD = 0.878 mol/100 mol, p < 0.001) were observed in response to EOs supplementation. Serum urea concentration (WMD = −1.35 mg/dL, p = 0.026) and haptoglobin (WMD = −39.67 μg/mL, p = 0.031) were lower in cattle supplemented with EOs. In meat, EOs supplementation reduced (p < 0.001) cooking loss (WMD = −61.765 g/kg), shear force (WMD = −0.211 kgf/cm2), and malondialdehyde content (WMD = −0.040 mg/kg), but did not affect pH, color (L* a* and b*), or chemical composition (p > 0.05). Simulation analysis showed that EOs increased economic income by 1.44% and reduced the environmental footprint by 0.83%. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of EOs improves productive performance and rumen fermentation, while increasing the economic profitability and reducing the environmental impact of beef cattle. In addition, supplementation with EOs improves beef tenderness and oxidative stability.
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Pech-Cervantes AA, Ferrarretto LF, Ogunade IM. Meta-analysis of the effects of the dietary application of exogenous alpha-amylase preparations on performance, nutrient digestibility, and rumen fermentation of lactating dairy cows. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6589539. [PMID: 35589551 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have evaluated the effects of the dietary application of exogenous alpha-amylase preparations (AMA) as a strategy to increase total tract starch digestibility (TTSD) and milk yield (MY) in dairy cows, but the results have been inconsistent. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the dietary application of AMA on the performance, digestibility, and rumen fermentation of lactating dairy cows using a meta-analytic method. A total of 18 peer-reviewed manuscripts (N = 32 treatment comparisons) from 2003 to 2019 were systematically identified following the PRISMA method. The weighted raw mean differences between dietary AMA and control treatments were compared with a robust variance estimation. Likewise, diet characteristics like crude protein (CP) content, NDF content, starch content, days in milk (DIM), experimental design (Latin square and continuous), and AMA dose (0 to 732 Kilo Novo units (KNU)/ kg TMR) were used as covariates in a meta-regression, subgrouping, and dose-response analysis. Compared to the control, dietary AMA increased (P < 0.05) DM digestibility (69.32 vs. 68.30%), TTSD (94.62 vs. 94.10%), milk protein concentration and yield (3.11 vs. 3.08 %; 1.14 vs. 1.10 kg/d) and tended to increase (P = 0.09) fat-corrected milk (35.96 vs. 35.10 kg/d) but no effects were observed on DM intake (22.99 vs. 22.90 kg/d) and feed efficiency (1.50 vs. 1.48). Dietary AMA tended (P = 0.10) to reduce rumen pH (6.27 vs 6.30). Both, the enzyme dose, and DIM strongly influenced (P < 0.05) the effects of AMA on digestibility and performance. The dose-response analysis revealed that feeding 600 KNU/kg to high-producing early lactation (< 70 DIM) dairy cows increased FCM and milk protein. Accounting for the type of experimental design was associated with a lower between-studies-variance among comparisons. Overall, this meta-analysis supports the hypothesis that dietary AMA supplementation is associated with a better lactational performance in dairy cows. However, these effects are only suitable for high-producing early lactation dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luiz F Ferrarretto
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ibukun M Ogunade
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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Letelier P, Zanton GI, Dórea JRR, Wattiaux MA. Plasma essential amino acid concentration and profile are associated with performance of lactating dairy cows as revealed through meta-analysis and hierarchical clustering. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:5044-5061. [PMID: 35525617 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to explore whether changes in plasma essential AA (EAA) concentration ([EAA]p) or profile (defined here as the molar proportion of individual [EAA]p relative to the total [EAA]p) may serve as an indicator of the EAA status of a cow. We undertook a meta-analysis with the objectives to determine if different plasma EAA profiles exist among cows and to explore the association of [EAA]p or the profile of EAA with lactating cow performance and measures of N utilization. We hypothesized the existence of differences in [EAA]p and different plasma EAA profile for cows with greater milk output, feed efficiency, and greater N use efficiency (NUE; milk true protein-N:N intake) compared with cows with lower milk output, feed efficiency, and lower NUE. The data set included 22 feeding trials and 96 dietary treatments. First, a mixed-effect model analysis was used to predict [EAA]p in response to the categorical fixed effect of EAA, continuous fixed effect of National Research Council model-predicted metabolizable protein (MP) supply, continuous fixed effect of body weight, the fixed effect of EAA and MP supply interaction, the fixed effect of EAA and body weight interaction, and the random effect of study. Then, residuals of the model were standardized based on Z-score and clustered using the hierarchical method (Euclidean distance and Ward's minimum variance method) resulting in 2 clusters. Finally, a fixed-effect model was used to evaluate the significance with which clusters were associated with [EAA]p, cow performance, feed efficiency, and NUE. The total concentration of [EAA]p was lower (784 vs. 983 µM) and the concentration of each EAA was on average 22 µM lower for cows in cluster 1 compared with cluster 2 with the smallest and greatest difference found for Met (4 µM) and Val (59 µM), respectively. The percentage difference in [EAA]p was the smallest for Thr (-5.3%) and the greatest for Leu (-37.1%). There was no difference between clusters for Arg, His, and Met molar proportions; however, cows in cluster 1 had a lower molar proportion of Leu and a tendency for lower molar proportion of Val compared with cows in cluster 2. Additionally, cows in cluster 1 had greater molar proportions of Ile, Lys, and Thr and a tendency for greater molar proportion of Phe compared with cows in cluster 2. The fixed-effect model analysis indicated that cows in cluster 1 had higher milk energy output (+3.2 Mcal/d), true protein yield (+87 g/d) and fat yield (+236 g/d), feed efficiency (milk Mcal:dry matter intake; +8% unit), and a tendency for greater MP efficiency (Milk true protein/MP supply; +2.3% unit) than cows in cluster 2. These results suggested greater use of EAA by the mammary gland (as reflected by greater milk protein synthesis) and lower hepatic catabolism of AA (as reflected by a tendency to greater MP efficiency) in cows of cluster 1 compared with cluster 2. Our findings should be evaluated further, including whether the relative molar proportions of plasma EAA might serve as a holistic indicator of the EAA status of cows as related to their productivity, feed efficiency and N utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Letelier
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706
| | - G I Zanton
- USDA Agricultural Research Service; US Dairy Forage Research Center, Madison, WI 53706
| | - J R R Dórea
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706
| | - M A Wattiaux
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706.
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Ferreira GCM, Canozzi MEA, Peripolli V, Moura GDP, Sánchez J, Martins CEN. Prevalence of bovine Babesia spp., Anaplasma marginale, and their co-infections in Latin America: systematic review-meta-analysis. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2022; 13:101967. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2022.101967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ghavi Hossein-Zadeh N. A meta-analysis of genetic parameter estimates for milk and serum minerals in dairy cows. J DAIRY RES 2022; 89:1-10. [PMID: 35193720 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029922000127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to conduct a meta-analysis based on a random-effects model to combine different published heritability estimates and genetic correlations for milk and serum minerals in dairy cows. In total, 59 heritability and 25 genetic correlation estimates from 12 articles published between 2009 and 2021 were used. The heritability estimates for milk macro-minerals were moderate to high and ranged from 0.311 (for Na) to 0.420 (for Ca). On the other hand, milk micro-minerals had lower heritabilities with a range from 0.013 (for Fe) to 0.373 (for Zn). The heritability estimates for serum macro-minerals were generally low and varied from 0.126 (for K) to 0.206 (for Mg). The estimates of genetic correlation between milk macro-minerals varied from -0.024 (between Na and K) to 0.625 (between Mg and P). The genetic correlations of milk Ca and P with milk yield were -0.171 and -0.211, respectively. The estimates of genetic parameters reported in this meta-analysis study are appropriate to utilize in breeding plans when valid estimates are not available for milk minerals in dairy cow populations.
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Salami SA, Ross SA, Patsiogiannis A, Moran CA, Taylor-Pickard J. Performance and environmental impact of egg production in response to dietary supplementation of mannan oligosaccharide in laying hens: a meta-analysis. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101745. [PMID: 35219137 PMCID: PMC8873942 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A meta-analysis was conducted to examine the effect of supplementing mannan oligosaccharide (MOS; Bio-Mos, Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, KY) in the diets of laying hens on the performance and environmental impact of egg production. Data on production performance (feed intake, hen-day production [HDP], feed conversion ratio [FCR], and mortality) and egg quality attributes (egg weight, egg mass, and eggshell thickness) were extracted from 18 studies to build a database of comparisons between nonsupplemented diets (control) and diets supplemented with MOS. A total of 4,664 laying hens were involved in the comparisons and the average MOS dosage and age of hens were 0.97 kg/ton and 44 wk, respectively. The dataset was analyzed using the random-effects model to estimate the effect size of MOS supplementation on production performance and egg quality attributes. The impact of feeding MOS on the carbon footprint (feed and total emission intensities) of egg production was evaluated by using the meta-analysis results of production performance to develop a scenario simulation that was analyzed by a life cycle assessment (LCA) model. Overall pooled effect size (raw mean difference) indicated that MOS supplementation did not affect feed intake. In contrast, HDP increased by +1.76% and, FCR and mortality reduced by -26.64 g feed/kg egg and -2.39%, respectively. Dietary MOS did not influence egg weight while egg mass increased (P < 0.01) by +0.95 g/day/hen and eggshell thickness tended to increase (P = 0.07) by +0.05 mm. Subgroup analysis indicated that dietary MOS exhibited consistent improvement on HDP and FCR under several study factors (age of hens, number of hens, production challenges, MOS dosage, and study duration). Additionally, the simulated LCA revealed that supplementing MOS decreased feed and total emission intensities of egg production by -1.3 and -1.5%, respectively. Overall, dietary supplementation of MOS at 1.0 kg/ton improved the production performance of laying hens and reduced the carbon footprint and, therefore, can enhance the sustainability credentials of egg production.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Salami
- Solutions Deployment Team, Alltech (UK) Ltd., Stamford PE9 1TZ, United Kingdom.
| | - S A Ross
- Alltech E-CO2, Stamford PE9 1TZ, United Kingdom
| | | | - C A Moran
- Regulatory Affairs Department, Alltech SARL, Vire, France
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Batista L, Cidrini I, Prados L, Cruz A, Torrecilhas J, Siqueira G, Resende F. A meta-analysis of yeast products for beef cattle under stress conditions: Performance, health and physiological parameters. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Ogbuewu I, Mokolopi B, Mbajiorgu C. Meta-analysis of growth performance indices of broiler chickens in response to turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) supplementation. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Weber J, Borchardt S, Seidel J, Schreiter R, Wehrle F, Donat K, Freick M. Effects of Selective Dry Cow Treatment on Intramammary Infection Risk after Calving, Cure Risk during the Dry Period, and Antibiotic Use at Drying-Off: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Current Literature (2000-2021). Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123403. [PMID: 34944180 PMCID: PMC8698164 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this paper were (i) to perform a systematic review of the literature over the last 21 yr and (ii) to evaluate the efficacy of selective dry cow treatment (SDCT) vs. blanket dry cow treatment (BDCT) in dairy cows regarding the risk of intramammary infection (IMI) after calving, new IMI risk after calving, cure risk during the dry period, and a reduction in antibiotic use at drying-off by meta-analysis. The systematic search was carried out using the databases PubMed, CAB Direct, and ScienceDirect. A meta-analytical assessment was performed for each outcome of interest using random-effects models, and the relative risk (RR) for IMI and cure or the pooled proportion for antibiotic use was calculated. The final number of included studies was n = 3 for IMI risk after calving and n = 5 for new IMI risk after calving, cure risk during the dry period, and antibiotic use. The RR levels for IMI (RR, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02, 0.94-1.11; p = 0.592), new IMI (RR, 95% CI: 1.06, 0.94-1.20; p = 0.994), and cure (RR, 95% CI: 1.00, 0.97-1.02; p = 0.661) did not differ significantly between SDCT and BDCT. Substantial heterogeneity was observed between the trials regarding the pooled proportion of antibiotic use within the SDCT groups (I2 = 97.7%; p < 0.001). This meta-analysis provides evidence that SDCT seems to be an adequate alternative to BDCT regarding udder health with a simultaneous reduction in antibiotic use. Limitations might arise because of the small number of studies included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Weber
- Veterinary Practice Zettlitz, 09306 Zettlitz, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| | - Stefan Borchardt
- Clinic for Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Free University of Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Julia Seidel
- Faculty of Agriculture/Environment/Chemistry, HTW Dresden—University of Applied Sciences, 01326 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Ruben Schreiter
- ZAFT e.V., Center for Applied Research and Technology, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Frederike Wehrle
- Animal Health Service, Thuringian Animal Diseases Fund, 07745 Jena, Germany; (F.W.); (K.D.)
- Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology of Large and Small Animals with Veterinary Ambulance, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Karsten Donat
- Animal Health Service, Thuringian Animal Diseases Fund, 07745 Jena, Germany; (F.W.); (K.D.)
- Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology of Large and Small Animals with Veterinary Ambulance, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Markus Freick
- Veterinary Practice Zettlitz, 09306 Zettlitz, Germany;
- Faculty of Agriculture/Environment/Chemistry, HTW Dresden—University of Applied Sciences, 01326 Dresden, Germany;
- ZAFT e.V., Center for Applied Research and Technology, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
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Orzuna-Orzuna JF, Dorantes-Iturbide G, Lara-Bueno A, Mendoza-Martínez GD, Miranda-Romero LA, Lee-Rangel HA. Growth Performance, Meat Quality and Antioxidant Status of Sheep Supplemented with Tannins: A Meta-Analysis. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:3184. [PMID: 34827916 PMCID: PMC8614576 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with tannins (TANs) on productive performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, oxidative stability, and blood serum antioxidant capacity of sheep through a meta-analysis. Using Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and PubMed databases, a systematic search was performed for studies published in scientific journals that investigated the effects of TANs supplementation on the variables of interest. Only studies with weaned or older sheep were included. The data analyzed were extracted from 53 peer-reviewed publications. The sheep included in the present study were between 2 and 6 months old, and between 12 and 31 kg of body weight. The effects of TANs were analyzed using random-effects statistical models to examine the standardized mean difference (SMD) between treatments with TANs and control (no TANs). Heterogeneity was explored by meta-regression and a subgroup analysis was performed for covariates that were significant. Supplementation with TANs did not affect dry matter intake, pH, color (L* and b*), Warner-Bratzler shear force, cooking loss and meat chemical composition (p > 0.05). Supplementation with TANs increased daily weight gain (SMD = 0.274, p < 0.05), total antioxidant capacity (SMD = 1.120, p < 0.001), glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity (SMD = 0.801, p < 0.001) and catalase (SMD = 0.848, p < 0.001), and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in blood serum (SMD = -0.535, p < 0.05). Supplementation with TANs decreased feed conversion rate (SMD = -0.246, p < 0.05), and the concentration of MDA (SMD = -2.020, p < 0.001) and metmyoglobin (SMD = -0.482, p < 0.05) in meat. However, meat redness (SMD = 0.365), hot carcass yield (SMD = 0.234), cold carcass yield (SMD = 0.510), backfat thickness (SMD = 0.565) and the Longissimus dorsi muscle area (SMD = 0.413) increased in response to TANs supplementation (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the addition of tannins in sheep diets improves productive performance, antioxidant status in blood serum, oxidative stability of meat and some other characteristics related to meat and carcass quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Felipe Orzuna-Orzuna
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Chapingo CP 56230, Mexico; (J.F.O.-O.); (G.D.-I.); (L.A.M.-R.)
| | - Griselda Dorantes-Iturbide
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Chapingo CP 56230, Mexico; (J.F.O.-O.); (G.D.-I.); (L.A.M.-R.)
| | - Alejandro Lara-Bueno
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Chapingo CP 56230, Mexico; (J.F.O.-O.); (G.D.-I.); (L.A.M.-R.)
| | - Germán David Mendoza-Martínez
- Unidad Xochimilco, Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City CP 04960, Mexico;
| | - Luis Alberto Miranda-Romero
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Chapingo CP 56230, Mexico; (J.F.O.-O.); (G.D.-I.); (L.A.M.-R.)
| | - Héctor Aarón Lee-Rangel
- Centro de Biociencias, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigaciones en Zonas Desérticas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí CP 78321, Mexico;
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Rafiee H, Darabighane B. A meta-analysis and meta-regression of the effect of substitution of steam flaked corn instead of finely ground corn on dry matter intake, nutrients digestibility, lactation performance, and rumen fermentation in dairy cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Dos Santos Neto JM, de Souza J, Lock AL. Nutrient digetibility and production responses of lactating dairy cows when saturated free fatty acid supplements are included in diets: A meta-analysis. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:12628-12646. [PMID: 34538493 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Our objective was to perform a series of meta-analyses to evaluate the effects of diets supplemented with saturated free fatty acid (FA) supplements (SFAA) compared with nonfat supplemented control diets (CON) on nutrient digestibility and production responses of lactating dairy cows and to determine whether experimental design affects responses to SFFA. We divided SFFA into C16:0-enriched supplements (PALM, FA supplements with ≥80% C16:0) and C16:0+C18:0-enriched supplements (MIX, FA supplements with ≥80% C16:0+C18:0). The database was formed from 32 peer-reviewed publications with SFFA supplemented at ≤3% diet dry matter (DM). We completed 3 different meta-analyses to meet our objectives. We analyzed the interaction between experimental design (continuous vs. change-over) and treatments (CON vs. SFFA; Meta.1). Regardless of experimental design, we evaluated the effect of treatment (CON vs. PALM vs. MIX; Meta.2) and the effect of 1-percentage-unit increase of MIX and PALM in diet DM (Meta.3). In Meta.1, there was no interaction between treatments and experimental design for any variable. In Meta.2, compared with CON, MIX had no effect on NDF digestibility, milk protein yield and energy corrected milk (ECM), increased the yields of milk (1.20 kg/d) and milk fat (0.04 kg/d), and decreased FA digestibility (5.20 percentage units). Compared with CON, PALM increased NDF digestibility (4.50 percentage units), the yields of milk (1.60 kg/d), milk fat (0.10 kg/d), milk protein (0.04 kg/d), and ECM (2.00 kg/d), and had no effect on FA digestibility. Compared with MIX, PALM tended to increase FA digestibility (3.20 percentage units), increased NDF digestibility (3.50 percentage units), milk fat yield (0.06 kg/d), and ECM (1.20 kg/d). In Meta.3, for each 1-percentage-unit increase of supplemental FA in diet DM, MIX had no effect on NDF digestibility, decreased FA digestibility, increased the yields of milk and milk fat, had no effect on milk protein yield, ECM and milk fat content, and decreased milk protein content. For each 1-percentage-unit increase of supplemental FA in diet DM, PALM increased NDF digestibility, had no effect on FA digestibility, increased the yields of milk, milk fat, ECM and milk fat content, tended to increase milk protein yield, and had no effect on milk protein content. Our results indicate no reason for the restrictive use of change-over designs in saturated FA supplementation studies and meta-analyses. Lactating dairy cows responded better to a FA supplement enriched in C16:0 compared with one containing C16:0 and C18:0.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J de Souza
- Perdue AgriBusiness, Salisbury, MD 21804
| | - A L Lock
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824.
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Chaidez-Ibarra MA, Velazquez DZ, Enriquez-Verdugo I, Castro Del Campo N, Rodriguez-Gaxiola MA, Montero-Pardo A, Diaz D, Gaxiola SM. Pooled molecular occurrence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae in poultry: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:2499-2511. [PMID: 34427387 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and M. synoviae (MS) are the main agents responsible for chronic respiratory disease in poultry. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate their occurrence. We searched electronic databases to find peer-reviewed publications reporting the molecular detection of MG and MS in poultry and used meta-analysis to estimate their pooled global occurrence (combined flock and individual), aggregating results at the regional and national levels. We performed a subgroup meta-analysis for subpopulations (broilers, layers, breeders and diverse poultry including turkeys, ducks and ostriches) and used meta-regression with categorical modifiers. We retrieved 2294 publications from six electronic databases and included 85 publications from 33 countries that reported 62 studies with 22,162 samples for MG and 48 studies with 26,413 samples for MS. The pooled global occurrence was 38.4% (95% CI: 23.5-54.5) for MS and 27.0% (20.4-34.2) for MG. Among regions, Europe and Central Asia had the lowest occurrence for both pathogens, while MG and MS were highly prevalent in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, respectively. At the national level, MG occurrence was higher in Algeria, Saudi Arabia and Sudan, whereas China, Egypt and Ethiopia reported higher values of MS. Among the poultry subpopulations, MS and MG were more prevalent in the breeders and layers (62.6% and 31.2%, respectively) than in diverse poultry. The year of publication, the sample size and the level of ambient air pollution (measured indirectly by PM2.5) were associated with the occurrence of both mycoplasmas. Our study revealed high and heterogeneous occurrence values of MG and MS and justifies the need for early detection and improved control measures to reduce the spread of these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Angel Chaidez-Ibarra
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán Rosales 80246, Sinaloa, México
| | - Diana Zuleika Velazquez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán Rosales 80246, Sinaloa, México
| | - Idalia Enriquez-Verdugo
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán Rosales 80246, Sinaloa, México
| | - Nohemi Castro Del Campo
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán Rosales 80246, Sinaloa, México
| | | | - Arnulfo Montero-Pardo
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán Rosales 80246, Sinaloa, México
| | - Daniel Diaz
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán Rosales 80246, Sinaloa, México.,Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad (C3), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Soila Maribel Gaxiola
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán Rosales 80246, Sinaloa, México
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Pacheco RF, Machado DS, Viana AFP, Teixeira JS, Milani L. Comparison of the effects of slow-release urea vs conventional urea supplementation on some finishing cattle parameters: A meta-analysis. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ghavi Hossein-Zadeh N. A meta-analysis of genetic parameter estimates for conformation traits in horses. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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