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Lai Y, Jiang G, Liang T, Huang X, Jiang W, Xu W, Sun R, Dai Z, Li C. Rapid analysis of Bacillus cereus spore biomarkers based on porous channel cuttlebone SERS substrate. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1320:343034. [PMID: 39142776 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.343034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) is a widespread conditional pathogen that affects food safety and human health. Conventional methods such as bacteria culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are difficult to use for rapid identification of bacterial spores because of the relatively long analysis times. From a human health perspective, there is an urgent need to develop an ultrasensitive, rapid, and accurate method for the detection of B. cereus spores. RESULTS The study proposed a new method for rapidly and sensitively detecting the biomarkers of bacterial spores via surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) combined with electrochemical enrichment. The 2,6-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid (DPA) was used as the model analyte to acts as a biomarker of B. cereus spores. The SERS substrate was developed via the in-situ generation of Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) in a cuttlebone-derived organic matrix (CDOM). Because of the depletion of chitin reduction sites on the CDOM, the pores of the porous channels expanded. The pores diameter of the AgNPs/CDOM porous channel was found to be in the range of 0.7-1.3 nm through molecular diffusion experiments. Based on the porosity of AgNPs/CDOM substrates and the high sensitivity of SERS substrates, the sensor can rapidly and accurately electronically enrich DPA in 40 s with the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.3 nM. SIGNIFICANCE The results demonstrate that electrochemically assisted SERS substrates can be served as a high sensitivity electrochemical-enrichment device for the rapid and sensitive detection of bacterial spores with minimal interference from potentially coexisting species in biological samples. In this study, it opens up a platform to explore the application of porous channels in natural bio-derived materials in the field of food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Lai
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Analytical and Testing Center of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment for South China Sea Marine Ranching, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Guangzheng Jiang
- Guangxi Engineering Research Center of Processing & Storage of Characteristic and Advantage Aquatic Products, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Tianhang Liang
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Analytical and Testing Center of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment for South China Sea Marine Ranching, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Xiaoxin Huang
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Analytical and Testing Center of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment for South China Sea Marine Ranching, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Wanjun Jiang
- The North China Sea Area & Island Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China.
| | - Wenhui Xu
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Analytical and Testing Center of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment for South China Sea Marine Ranching, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Ruikun Sun
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Analytical and Testing Center of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment for South China Sea Marine Ranching, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518108, China
| | - Zhenqing Dai
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Analytical and Testing Center of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment for South China Sea Marine Ranching, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518108, China.
| | - Chengyong Li
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Analytical and Testing Center of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment for South China Sea Marine Ranching, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518108, China.
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Soni A, Brightwell G. Effect of novel and conventional food processing technologies on Bacillus cereus spores. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2023; 108:265-287. [PMID: 38461001 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
This chapter provides a summary of the effect of thermal and non-thermal processing technologies on Bacillus cereus spores, a well-known pathogenic bacterium associated with foodborne illnesses. B. cereus has been frequently detected in rice, milk products, infant food, liquid eggs products and meat products all over the world. This Gram positive, rod-shaped, facultative anaerobe can produce endospores that can withstand pasteurization, UV radiation, and chemical reagents commonly used for sanitization. B. cereus spores can germinate into vegetative cells that can produce toxins. The conventional regime for eliminating spores from food is retorting which uses the application of high temperature (121 °C). However, at this temperature, there could be a significant amount of loss in the organoleptic and functional qualities of the food components, especially proteins. This leads to the research on the preventive measures against germination and if possible, to reduce the resistance before using a non-thermal technology (temperatures less than retorting-121 °C) for inactivation. This chapter reviews the development and success of several food processing technologies in their ability to inactivate B. cereus spores in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswathi Soni
- Food System Integrity, Smart Foods and Bioproducts, AgResearch Ltd., Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | - Gale Brightwell
- Food System Integrity, Smart Foods and Bioproducts, AgResearch Ltd., Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; New Zealand Food Safety Science and Research Centre, Massey University Manawatu (Turitea), Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Noppakuadrittidej P, Charlermroj R, Makornwattana M, Kaew-Amdee S, Waditee-Sirisattha R, Vilaivan T, Praneenararat T, Karoonuthaisiri N. Development of peptide nucleic acid-based bead array technology for Bacillus cereus detection. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12482. [PMID: 37528159 PMCID: PMC10393979 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38877-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous novel methods to detect foodborne pathogens have been extensively developed to ensure food safety. Among the important foodborne bacteria, Bacillus cereus was identified as a pathogen of concern that causes various food illnesses, leading to interest in developing effective detection methods for this pathogen. Although a standard method based on culturing and biochemical confirmative test is available, it is time- and labor-intensive. Alternative PCR-based methods have been developed but lack high-throughput capacity and ease of use. This study, therefore, attempts to develop a robust method for B. cereus detection by leveraging the highly specific pyrrolidinyl peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) as probes for a bead array method with multiplex and high-throughput capacity. In this study, PNAs bearing prolyl-2-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid (ACPC) backbone with groEL, motB, and 16S rRNA sequences were covalently coupled with three sets of fluorescently barcoded beads to detect the three B. cereus genes. The developed acpcPNA-based bead array exhibited good selectivity where only signals were detectable in the presence of B. cereus, but not for other species. The sensitivity of this acpcPNA-based bead assay in detecting genomic DNA was found to be 0.038, 0.183 and 0.179 ng for groEL, motB and 16S rRNA, respectively. This performance was clearly superior to its DNA counterpart, hence confirming much stronger binding strength of acpcPNA over DNA. The robustness of the developed method was further demonstrated by testing artificially spiked milk and pickled mustard greens with minimal interference from food metrices. Hence, this proof-of-concept acpcPNA-based bead array method has been proven to serve as an effective alternative nucleic acid-based method for foodborne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prae Noppakuadrittidej
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand, 12120
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand, 10330
- Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand, 10330
| | - Ratthaphol Charlermroj
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand, 12120
| | - Manlika Makornwattana
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand, 12120
| | - Sudtida Kaew-Amdee
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand, 12120
| | - Rungaroon Waditee-Sirisattha
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand, 10330
| | - Tirayut Vilaivan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand, 10330
- Organic Synthesis Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand, 10330
| | - Thanit Praneenararat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand, 10330.
- International Joint Research Center on Food Security, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand, 12121.
| | - Nitsara Karoonuthaisiri
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand, 12120.
- International Joint Research Center on Food Security, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand, 12121.
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
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Moyet M, Morrill H, Espinal DL, Bernard E, Alyokhin A. Early Growth Patterns of Bacillus cereus on Potato Substrate in the Presence of Low Densities of Black Soldier Fly Larvae. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1284. [PMID: 37317258 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus cereus is a common and ubiquitous bacterium that can cause foodborne illnesses in humans and other animals. Common methods of contact between foodborne pathogens and their victims include exposure through contaminated food or food containment products. Using larvae of black soldier flies, Hermetia illucens, for biological conversion of wastes into components of animal feeds is a rapidly growing technology. However, contamination of larval biomass with pathogenic microorganisms may challenge its use on an industrial scale. We conducted laboratory experiments to test the effects of the black soldier fly larvae developing on simulated potato waste substrate on B. cereus abundance. We observed a general increase in the number of colony-forming units and concentration of hblD - gene when the larvae were present in the substrate, although the effect was modulated by larval densities and time since inoculation. It is possible that starch breakdown by black soldier fly larvae may provide a beneficial environment for B. cereus. Our results differ from the suppression in the presence by black soldier fly larvae reported for several other bacterial species and highlight the importance of taking proper food safety measures when using this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Moyet
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Hailey Morrill
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Daniella Leal Espinal
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Edward Bernard
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Andrei Alyokhin
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
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Xiang S, Zhang H, Cha X, Lin Y, Shang Y. A New Duplex Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (D-RPA) Method for the Simultaneous and Rapid Detection of Shigella and Bacillus cereus in Food. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091889. [PMID: 37174427 PMCID: PMC10178236 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Shigella and Bacillus cereus are two common foodborne pathogens that cause intestinal diseases and seriously affect human life and health. Traditional microbiological culture methods are time-consuming and laborious, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods rely on expensive thermal cyclers and lengthy reaction times. In this study, on the basis of the specific gene ipaH7 of Shigella and the virulence gene nheABC of B. cereus, a duplex detection system was established for the first time by using the recombinase polymerase amplification technique (D-RPA). After optimization, D-RPA could be effectively amplified at 42 °C for 25 min with excellent specificity, and the detection limits of D-RPA for Shigella and B. cereus in artificially contaminated samples were 2.7 × 101 and 5.2 × 102 CFU/mL, respectively. This study provides a certain research basis for multiple detection with RPA, an isothermal amplification technology. Furthermore, it lays a good foundation for high-throughput rapid detection of foodborne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuna Xiang
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Hanyue Zhang
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Xiaoyan Cha
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Yingting Lin
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Ying Shang
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan 650500, China
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Hu YQ, Wang WY, Turmidzi F, Li FX, Fang LF, Zhou ZH, Zhang DF. Rapid and simultaneous detection of viable Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio alginolyticus, and Vibrio cholerae by PMA-mPCR assay in aquatic products. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2023.114663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
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Trinh KTL, Lee NY. Recent Methods for the Viability Assessment of Bacterial Pathogens: Advances, Challenges, and Future Perspectives. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11091057. [PMID: 36145489 PMCID: PMC9500772 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11091057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Viability assessment is a critical step in evaluating bacterial pathogens to determine infectious risks to public health. Based on three accepted viable criteria (culturability, metabolic activity, and membrane integrity), current viability assessments are categorized into three main strategies. The first strategy relies on the culturability of bacteria. The major limitation of this strategy is that it cannot detect viable but nonculturable (VBNC) bacteria. As the second strategy, based on the metabolic activity of bacteria, VBNC bacteria can be detected. However, VBNC bacteria sometimes can enter a dormant state that allows them to silence reproduction and metabolism; therefore, they cannot be detected based on culturability and metabolic activity. In order to overcome this drawback, viability assessments based on membrane integrity (third strategy) have been developed. However, these techniques generally require multiple steps, bulky machines, and laboratory technicians to conduct the tests, making them less attractive and popular applications. With significant advances in microfluidic technology, these limitations of current technologies for viability assessment can be improved. This review summarized and discussed the advances, challenges, and future perspectives of current methods for the viability assessment of bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieu The Loan Trinh
- Department of Industrial Environmental Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Korea
| | - Nae Yoon Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Zheng H, Sheng R, Li H, Ahmad W, Chen Q. Rapid and selective detection of Bacillus cereus in food using cDNA-based up-conversion fluorescence spectrum copy and aptamer modified magnetic separation. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 267:120618. [PMID: 34802926 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive luminescent bioassay for the detection of Bacillus cereus (B. cereus), a common bacterium, harmful to human health, was established based on up-conversion fluorescence and magnetic separation technology. Herein, aptamers (Apt) are modified on the surface of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to form Apt-MNPs capture probes. The aptamer complementary strands (cDNA) are connected to upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) to form UCNPs-cDNA signal probes. In the absence of analyte, the UCNPs-cDNA-Apt-MNPs complex will be formed due to the specific binding between the aptamer and the complementary strand. In the presence of B. cereus, the amount of free UCNPs-cDNA increased in the system, which ultimately increased the fluorescence intensity of the solution. Hence, when the UCNPs-cDNA-Apt-MNPs system was excited by a 980 nm near-infrared light, a decrease in the fluorescence of the complex was observed at 548 nm due to the detachment of UCNPs-cDNA. Therefore, based on this principle, the calibration curve is constructed between the concentration of the analyte (B. cereus) and the fluorescence intensity. The results show that the method has a good quantitative ability for B. cereus in the range of 49-49 × 106 cfu/mL under the optimal conditions with a detection limit of 22 cfu/mL. Moreover, the proposed detection method also exhibits a high degree of specificity. The spiked recovery rate of the actual sample was in the range of 90.54%-111.28%, with good relative standard deviation values (2.12%-3.13%), indicating that the method has good reproducibility and stability. This study demonstrates that the constructed method can be used successfully for the rapid detection of B. cereus in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Zheng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Ren Sheng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Huanhuan Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
| | - Waqas Ahmad
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Quansheng Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China; College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, PR China.
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10
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Yuliangsih S, Waturangi DE, Yogiara. Microbial analysis and virulence genes detection of milk preserved using heat-assisted pulsed electric field. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:397. [PMID: 34702364 PMCID: PMC8549208 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05805-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Microbial analysis in milk preserved using heat-assisted Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) need to be assessed. In this study we analyze the microbial quality and virulence-associated genes in milk samples preserved using heat-assisted PEF from several producers in Indonesia. Results Milk samples were collected consisting of raw milk, milks taken after the heating, PEF, mixing, cooling, and packaging. Microbiological and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) detection for virulence genes were performed. Heat-assisted PEF treatment gave 2.7–7.47 log reduction for TPC; 1.6–2.56 log reduction for MPN number; 3.13–6.48 log reduction for S. aureus; and for B. cereus there was an increase of 0.76 log and a reduction of 0.46 log. While milk samples from thermal pasteurization gave log reduction numbers of TPC, MPN, and S. aureus respectively 5.28; 2.56; and 4.73, for B. cereus was increasing 2.4 log. Producer C performed the best results with significant reduction compared with others (p < 0.005). There were no colonies of L. monocytogenes found in all of the samples. PCR results showed that milk samples possessed virulence genes 17.5% (10/57) of invA genes, 54.4% (31/57) of nheA genes, 68.4% (39/57) of cytK genes, 38.6% (22/57) of nuc genes, 63.2% (36/57) of ileS genes, while hly and actA genes were not detected. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13104-021-05805-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suci Yuliangsih
- Indonesian Food and Drug Authority, Jalan Percetakan Negara No. 23, Jakarta Pusat, 10560, Indonesia.,Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jalan Jenderal Sudirman 51, Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia
| | - Diana Elizabeth Waturangi
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jalan Jenderal Sudirman 51, Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia.
| | - Yogiara
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jalan Jenderal Sudirman 51, Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia
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Jirakittiwut N, Patipong T, Cheiwchanchamnangij T, Waditee-Sirisattha R, Vilaivan T, Praneenararat T. Paper-based sensor from pyrrolidinyl peptide nucleic acid for the efficient detection of Bacillus cereus. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:6661-6669. [PMID: 34476520 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03633-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus cereus is one of the most common foodborne pathogens found in various kinds of staple foods such as rice and wheat. A rapid and accurate detection method for this pathogen is highly desirable for the sustainable production of relevant food products. While several classical and molecular-based detection methods are available for the identification of B. cereus, they suffered one or more limitations such as the requirement for a tedious and time-consuming process, less than ideal specificity, and the lack of portability. Herein, we developed the first paper-based sensing device that exhibits high species specificity with sufficiently low limit of detection for the visual detection of specific DNA sequences of B. cereus. The success is attributed to the strategic planning of fabrication in various dimensions including thorough bioinformatics search for highly specific genes, the use of the pyrrolidinyl peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probe whose selectivity advantage is well documented, and an effective PNA immobilization and DNA-binding visualization method with an internal cross-checking system for validating the results. Testing in rice matrices indicates that the sensor is capable of detecting and distinguishing B. cereus from other bacterial species. Hence, this paper-based sensor has potential to be adopted as a practical means to detect B. cereus in food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuttapon Jirakittiwut
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,The Chemical Approaches for Food Applications Research Group, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Organic Synthesis Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Tanutcha Patipong
- The Chemical Approaches for Food Applications Research Group, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Rungaroon Waditee-Sirisattha
- The Chemical Approaches for Food Applications Research Group, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Tirayut Vilaivan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Organic Synthesis Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Thanit Praneenararat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. .,The Chemical Approaches for Food Applications Research Group, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Nakayama T, Yamaguchi T, Jinnai M, Yamamoto S, Li HT, Ngo PT, Tran DNM, Nguyen OTH, Hoang PH, Do Nguyen P, Van Dang C, Kumeda Y, Hase A. Untargeted Phylogenetic Group III of Multi-drug-Resistant Bacillus cereus Isolated Using Fraser Medium from Retail Chickens in Ho Chi Minh City. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:3115-3123. [PMID: 34173839 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02562-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of food-borne bacteria in developing countries is less well understood than in developed countries. The ISO11290-1 isolation method is commonly used to study Listeria contamination in chicken; however, all isolates are identified as untargeted Bacillus cereus. This study aimed to determine the classification, antibiotic susceptibility, and virulence genes of B. cereus isolated from retail chickens in Vietnam. Bacterial isolation using the ISO11290-1 method yielded 12 strains of B. cereus from seven out of 60 chickens. For determining bacterial diversity, panC and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analyses were performed. PanC analysis showed that all seven strains belong to the phylogenetic group III, to which the highest risk of foodborne illnesses was associated. MLST analysis showed that most strains contained a ST205 complex; further, all strains were found to be resistant to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline. Virulence genes were also investigated. ces, a cereulide-related gene, was detected in 50% of the isolated strains, followed by cytK, nheA, and hblA enterotoxins in 41.7%, 16.7%, and 25% of the strains, respectively. In conclusion, B. cereus may be erroneously detected when attempting to detect Listeria in food using the ISO11290-1 method. Further study of the prevalence of B. cereus in Vietnamese food is needed to improve food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Nakayama
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan.
- Division of Biomedical Food Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Higashinari-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michio Jinnai
- Department of Microbiology, Kanagawa Prefecture Institute of Public Health, Chigasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shiori Yamamoto
- Division of Biomedical Food Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hien Thi Li
- Ho Chi Minh Institute of Public Health, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Phong Thanh Ngo
- Ho Chi Minh Institute of Public Health, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | | | | | - Phuc Do Nguyen
- Ho Chi Minh Institute of Public Health, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Chinh Van Dang
- Ho Chi Minh Institute of Public Health, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Yuko Kumeda
- Center for Microorganism Control, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hase
- Faculty of Contemporary Human Life Science, Tezukayama University, Nara, Japan
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13
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Abraha HB, Kim K, Sbhatu DB. Bacteriophages for detection and control of foodborne bacterial pathogens—The case of
Bacillus cereus
and their phages. J Food Saf 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haftom Baraki Abraha
- Department of Food Science and Technology Jeonbuk National University Jeonju Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang‐Pyo Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology Jeonbuk National University Jeonju Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology Collage of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University Jeonju Republic of Korea
| | - Desta Berhe Sbhatu
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering Mekelle Institute of Technology, Mekelle University Mekelle Ethiopia
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14
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The Food Poisoning Toxins of Bacillus cereus. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13020098. [PMID: 33525722 PMCID: PMC7911051 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13020098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus cereus is a ubiquitous soil bacterium responsible for two types of food-associated gastrointestinal diseases. While the emetic type, a food intoxication, manifests in nausea and vomiting, food infections with enteropathogenic strains cause diarrhea and abdominal pain. Causative toxins are the cyclic dodecadepsipeptide cereulide, and the proteinaceous enterotoxins hemolysin BL (Hbl), nonhemolytic enterotoxin (Nhe) and cytotoxin K (CytK), respectively. This review covers the current knowledge on distribution and genetic organization of the toxin genes, as well as mechanisms of enterotoxin gene regulation and toxin secretion. In this context, the exceptionally high variability of toxin production between single strains is highlighted. In addition, the mode of action of the pore-forming enterotoxins and their effect on target cells is described in detail. The main focus of this review are the two tripartite enterotoxin complexes Hbl and Nhe, but the latest findings on cereulide and CytK are also presented, as well as methods for toxin detection, and the contribution of further putative virulence factors to the diarrheal disease.
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15
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Zhang Z, Jin M, Wang K, Zhang N, Zhang Q, Tao X, Wei H. Short-term intake of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZDY2013 fermented milk promotes homoeostasis of gut microbiota under enterotoxigenic Bacillus cereus challenge. Food Funct 2021; 12:5118-5129. [PMID: 33973610 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00162k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics have long been used as functional starter cultures for fermented foods and are associated with numerous health benefits. Lactiplantibacillus (L.) plantarum ZDY2013 is an acid-tolerant probiotic candidate owning antagonistic properties against the food-borne pathogen Bacillus (B.) cereus and serves as a potent regulator of the gut microbiota. However, whether it retains these properties when used as dietary supplements in functional foods remains unknown. Accordingly, we investigated the ameliorating effects of L. plantarum fermented milk on disease phenotypes triggered by enterotoxigenic B. cereus in mice. The results revealed that administration of 3.0 × 108 cfu pathogenic B. cereus for one week induced damage to intestinal structures and bowel function, accompanied by an imbalance of gut microbiota. However, before or after B. cereus infection, oral administration of L. plantarum fermented milk mitigated losses of body weight and damage in the histological structure of the gastrointestinal tract, restored serum levels of IL-1β and IL-10, and contributed to significant decreases in platelet counts and uric acid levels. Most importantly, it restored the dissimilarity of gut microbiota and the abundance of bacterial taxa (i.e., reduced the abundance of Deferribacteres and Bacilli and increased the abundance of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium) without impacting the taxonomic composition. Combining these results, we speculate that enterotoxigenic B. cereus damages the intestinal epithelium and weakens its adherence capacity for the microbe, which is rescued by the supplementation of L. plantarum fermented milk. Overall, our findings revealed that L. plantarum ZDY2013 has the potential to be a fermented starter in functional foods and retains its antagonism against B. cereus pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 30047, China.
| | - Mingliang Jin
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kaiming Wang
- Department of Physiology, CEGIIR, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Na Zhang
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 30047, China
| | - Qimeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 30047, China.
| | - Xueying Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 30047, China.
| | - Hua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 30047, China. and Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 30047, China
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16
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Oscarsson E, Hård Af Segerstad E, Larsson C, Östbring K, Agardh D, Håkansson Å. Commercial infant cereals contain high concentrations of endotoxins and viable Bacillus spp. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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17
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O'Grady J, Cronin U, Tierney J, Piterina AV, O'Meara E, Wilkinson MG. Gaps in the assortment of rapid assays for microorganisms of interest to the dairy industry. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2020; 113:1-56. [PMID: 32948264 PMCID: PMC7426214 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This review presents the results of a study into the offering of rapid microbial detection assays to the Irish dairy industry. At the outset, a consultation process was undertaken whereby key stakeholders were asked to compile a list of the key microorganisms of interest to the sector. The resultant list comprises 19 organisms/groups of organisms divided into five categories: single pathogenic species (Cronobacter sakazakii, Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes); genera containing pathogenic species (Bacillus, Clostridium, Listeria, Salmonella; Staphylococcus); broad taxonomic groupings (Coliforms, Enterobacteriaceae, fecal Streptococci, sulfite reducing bacteria/sulfite reducing Clostridia [SRBs/SRCs], yeasts and molds); organisms displaying certain growth preferences or resistance as regards temperature (endospores, psychrotrophs, thermodurics, thermophiles); indicators of quality (total plate count, Pseudomonas spp.). A survey of the rapid assays commercially available for the 19 organisms/groups of organisms was conducted. A wide disparity between the number of rapid tests available was found. Four categories were used to summarize the availability of rapid assays per organism/group of organisms: high coverage (>15 assays available); medium coverage (5-15 assays available); low coverage (<5 assays available); no coverage (0 assays available). Generally, species or genera containing pathogens, whose presence is regulated-for, tend to have a good selection of commercially available rapid assays for their detection, whereas groups composed of heterogenous or even undefined genera of mainly spoilage organisms tend to be "low coverage" or "no coverage." Organisms/groups of organisms with "low coverage" by rapid assays include: Clostridium spp.; fecal Streptococci; and Pseudomonas spp. Those with "no coverage" by rapid assays include: endospores; psychrotrophs; SRB/SRCs; thermodurics; and thermophiles. An important question is: why have manufacturers of rapid microbiological assays failed to respond to the necessity for rapid methods for these organisms/groups of organisms? The review offers explanations, ranging from the technical difficulty involved in detecting as broad a group as the thermodurics, which covers the spores of multiple sporeforming genera as well at least six genera of mesophilic nonsporeformers, to the taxonomically controversial issue as to what constitutes a fecal Streptococcus or SRBs/SRCs. We review two problematic areas for assay developers: validation/certification and the nature of dairy food matrices. Development and implementation of rapid alternative test methods for the dairy industry is influenced by regulations relating to both the microbiological quality standards and the criteria alternative methods must meet to qualify as acceptable test methods. However, the gap between the certification of developer's test systems as valid alternative methods in only a handful of representative matrices, and the requirement of dairy industries to verify the performance of alternative test systems in an extensive and diverse range of dairy matrices needs to be bridged before alternative methods can be widely accepted and adopted in the dairy industry. This study concludes that many important dairy matrices have effectively been ignored by assay developers.
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Affiliation(s)
- John O'Grady
- Dairy Processing Technology Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Ultan Cronin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Joseph Tierney
- Glanbia Ingredients Ireland, Ballyragget, Co. Kilkenny, Ireland
| | - Anna V Piterina
- Dairy Processing Technology Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Elaine O'Meara
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Martin G Wilkinson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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18
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Rajkovic A, Jovanovic J, Monteiro S, Decleer M, Andjelkovic M, Foubert A, Beloglazova N, Tsilla V, Sas B, Madder A, De Saeger S, Uyttendaele M. Detection of toxins involved in foodborne diseases caused by Gram‐positive bacteria. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:1605-1657. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreja Rajkovic
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Jelena Jovanovic
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Silvia Monteiro
- Laboratorio Analises, Instituto Superior TecnicoUniversidade de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal
| | - Marlies Decleer
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent University Ghent Belgium
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesGhent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Mirjana Andjelkovic
- Operational Directorate Food, Medicines and Consumer SafetyService for Chemical Residues and Contaminants Brussels Belgium
| | - Astrid Foubert
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesGhent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Natalia Beloglazova
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesGhent University Ghent Belgium
- Nanotechnology Education and Research CenterSouth Ural State University Chelyabinsk Russia
| | - Varvara Tsilla
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Benedikt Sas
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Annemieke Madder
- Laboratorium for Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry, Department of Organic and Macromolecular ChemistryGhent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Sarah De Saeger
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesGhent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Mieke Uyttendaele
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent University Ghent Belgium
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19
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Ramarao N, Tran SL, Marin M, Vidic J. Advanced Methods for Detection of Bacillus cereus and Its Pathogenic Factors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E2667. [PMID: 32392794 PMCID: PMC7273213 DOI: 10.3390/s20092667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus cereus is an opportunistic foodborne pathogen causing food intoxication and infectious diseases. Different toxins and pathogenic factors are responsible for diarrheal syndrome, like nonhemolytic enterotoxin Nhe, hemolytic enterotoxin Hbl, enterotoxin FM and cytotoxin K, while emetic syndrome is caused by the depsipeptide cereulide toxin. The traditional method of B. cereus detection is based on the bacterial culturing onto selective agars and cells enumeration. In addition, molecular and chemical methods are proposed for toxin gene profiling, toxin quantification and strain screening for defined virulence factors. Finally, some advanced biosensors such as phage-based, cell-based, immunosensors and DNA biosensors have been elaborated to enable affordable, sensitive, user-friendly and rapid detection of specific B. cereus strains. This review intends to both illustrate the state of the B. cereus diagnostic field and to highlight additional research that is still at the development level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalini Ramarao
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (S.-L.T.); (M.M.)
| | | | | | - Jasmina Vidic
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (S.-L.T.); (M.M.)
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20
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Zhao S, Chen J, Fei P, Feng H, Wang Y, Ali MA, Li S, Jing H, Yang W. Prevalence, molecular characterization, and antibiotic susceptibility of Bacillus cereus isolated from dairy products in China. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:3994-4001. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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21
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Recent development in rapid detection techniques for microorganism activities in food matrices using bio-recognition: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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22
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Portela JB, Coimbra PT, Cappato LP, Alvarenga VO, Oliveira RB, Pereira KS, Azeredo DR, Sant’Ana AS, Nascimento JS, Cruz AG. Predictive model for inactivation of salmonella in infant formula during microwave heating processing. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Gdoura-Ben Amor M, Jan S, Baron F, Grosset N, Culot A, Gdoura R, Gautier M, Techer C. Toxigenic potential and antimicrobial susceptibility of Bacillus cereus group bacteria isolated from Tunisian foodstuffs. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:196. [PMID: 31445510 PMCID: PMC6708205 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1571-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the importance of the B. cereus group as major foodborne pathogens that may cause diarrheal and/or emetic syndrome(s), no study in Tunisia has been conducted in order to characterize the pathogenic potential of the B. cereus group. The aim of this study was to assess the sanitary potential risks of 174 B. cereus group strains isolated from different foodstuffs by detecting and profiling virulence genes (hblA, hblB, hblC, hblD, nheA, nheB, nheC, cytK, bceT and ces), testing the isolates cytotoxic activity on Caco-2 cells and antimicrobial susceptibility towards 11 antibiotics. RESULTS The entertoxin genes detected among B. cereus isolates were, in decreasing order, nheA (98.9%), nheC (97.7%) and nheB (86.8%) versus hblC (54.6%), hblD (54.6%), hblA (29.9%) and hblB (14.9%), respectively encoding for Non-hemolytic enterotoxin (NHE) and Hemolysin BL (HBL). The isolates are multi-toxigenic, harbouring at least one gene of each NHE and HBL complexes associated or not to bceT, cytK-2 and ces genes. Based on the incidence of virulence genes, the strains were separated into 12 toxigenic groups. Isolates positive for cytK (37,9%) harbored the cytK-2 variant. The detection rates of bceT and ces genes were 50.6 and 4%, respectively. When bacteria were incubated in BHI-YE at 30 °C for 18 h and for 5 d, 70.7 and 35% of the strains were shown to be cytotoxic to Caco-2 cells, respectively. The cytotoxicity of B. cereus strains depended on the food source of isolation. The presence of virulence factors is not always consistent with cytotoxicity. However, different combinations of enterotoxin genetic determinants are significantly associated to the cytotoxic potential of the bacteria. All strains were fully sensitive to rifampicin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, and gentamycin. The majority of the isolates were susceptible to streptomycin, kanamycin, erythromycin, vancomycin and tetracycline but showed resistance to ampicillin and novobiocin. CONCLUSION Our results contribute data that are primary to facilitate risk assessments in order to prevent food poisoning due to B. cereus group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroua Gdoura-Ben Amor
- Laboratory Research of Toxicology-Microbiology Environmental and Health LR17ES06, Sciences Faculty of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
- Equipe Microbiologie, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, UMR1253 Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, Rennes, France.
| | - Sophie Jan
- Equipe Microbiologie, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, UMR1253 Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, Rennes, France
| | - Florence Baron
- Equipe Microbiologie, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, UMR1253 Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, Rennes, France
| | - Noël Grosset
- Equipe Microbiologie, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, UMR1253 Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, Rennes, France
| | - Antoine Culot
- Equipe Microbiologie, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, UMR1253 Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, Rennes, France
- Mixscience, Rue des Courtillons, ZAC Cissé Blossac, 35712, Bruz, France
| | - Radhouane Gdoura
- Laboratory Research of Toxicology-Microbiology Environmental and Health LR17ES06, Sciences Faculty of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Michel Gautier
- Equipe Microbiologie, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, UMR1253 Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, Rennes, France
| | - Clarisse Techer
- Mixscience, Rue des Courtillons, ZAC Cissé Blossac, 35712, Bruz, France
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Zhuang K, Li H, Zhang Z, Wu S, Zhang Y, Fox EM, Man C, Jiang Y. Typing and evaluating heat resistance of Bacillus cereus sensu stricto isolated from the processing environment of powdered infant formula. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:7781-7793. [PMID: 31255274 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus cereus sensu lato is one of the most harmful bacterial groups affecting the quality and safety of powdered infant formula (PIF). In this study, samples were collected from the raw materials and processing environments of PIF. A total of 84 isolates were identified as Bacillus cereus sensu stricto (B. cereus s. s.) by 16S rRNA analysis, molecular typing technology, and physiological and biochemical tests. The 84 B. cereus s. s. strains were assigned to panC group II, group III, and group IV. Then, the 7 housekeeping genes glpF, gmk, ilvD, pta, pur, pycA, and tpi were selected for multilocus sequence typing. Results showed that the 84 isolates were clustered into 24 sequence types (ST), and 14 novel ST were detected. Among the 24 ST, ST999 (19/84, 22.62%) and ST1343 (13/84, 15.48%) predominated. The correlation between processing areas and ST showed that the processing environments of the production and packing areas were the most susceptible to contamination by B. cereus s. s. Spores of these ST showed different heat resistance phenotypes evaluated by the analysis of DT (time in minutes of spore decimal reduction at each temperature) and Z values (temperature increase required to reduce the DT value to one-tenth of the original). Spores from group III according to panC gene analysis were the most heat resistant. These findings will help us to better understand B. cereus s. s. contamination and control in PIF processing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejin Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Hongfu Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yashuo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Edward M Fox
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom NE 98; CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - Chaoxin Man
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Yujun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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25
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Bursová Š, Necidová L, Haruštiaková D. Growth and toxin production of Bacillus cereus strains in reconstituted initial infant milk formula. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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26
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Cho TJ, Kim HW, Kim NH, Park SM, Kwon JI, Kim YJ, Lee KW, Rhee MS. New insights into the thermophilic spore-formers in powdered infant formula: Implications of changes in microbial composition during manufacture. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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Wei S, Chelliah R, Park BJ, Park JH, Forghani F, Park YS, Cho MS, Park DS, Oh DH. Molecular discrimination of Bacillus cereus group species in foods (lettuce, spinach, and kimbap) using quantitative real-time PCR targeting groEL and gyrB. Microb Pathog 2018; 115:312-320. [PMID: 29306007 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.12.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to identify and evaluate specific biomarkers to differentiate within Bacillus cereus group species from contaminated food samples with the use of real-time PCR. A total of 120 strains, comprising of 28 reference, 2 type, 78 wild strains of B. cereus and B. thuringiensis along with 12 strains representing 2 bacterial groups - B. mycoides, B. pseudomycoides, B. weihenstephanensis (B. cereus group); B. amyloliquefaciens, B. subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Micrococcus luteus, Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes (non-Bacillus sp.) were identified by applying valid biomarkers (groEL and gyrB). In addition, the presence of B. cereus group was determined in three different artificially contaminated vegetable samples (lettuce, spinach, and kimbap), using prominent biomarkers targeting on chaperonin protein (GroEL) and topoisomerase enzyme protein (gyrB). Direct analysis of samples revealed the specificity towards identification and characterization of the B. cereus group among wild, reference and type strains and the type strain inoculated in vegetables. Our results demonstrated two existing biomarkers groEL and gyrB with a high specificity of 98% and 96% respectively to analyze the total B. cereus group. Further, we also reported the detection limit of groEL and gyrB in food samples was 3.5 and 3.7 log CFU/g respectively. Thus, the developed real-time PCR approach can be a reliable and effective tool for the identification of B. cereus group strains present in environment and food samples. This does not require band isolation, re-amplification, sequencing or sequence identification, thus reducing the time and cost of analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wei
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramachandran Chelliah
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Jae Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Hyun Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Fereidoun Forghani
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Seo Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seok Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Suk Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Deog-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Pylypenko I, Pylypenko L, Yamborko G, Marinova I. Toxin production ability of Bacillus cereus strains from food product of Ukraine. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.15673/fst.v11i3.612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Potential pathogens of foodborne toxic infections – bacterial contaminants Bacillus cereus isolated from plant raw materials and food products from the Ukrainian region were investigated. When determining of the proportion of isolated bacilli from the plant samples, it was established that the epidemiologically significant microorganisms of Bacillus cereus as agents of food poisoning are the second largest. The average value of contaminated samples of Ukrainian plant raw materials and processed products with Bacillus cereus is 36,2 %. The ability of Bacillus cereus strains identified by a complex of morphological, tinctorial, cultural and biochemical properties, to produce specific emetic and enterotoxins was studied. Molecular genetic diagnosis and detection of the toxin-producing ability of isolated 42 Bacillus cereus strains showed both the possibility of their rapid identification and the presence of specific toxicity genes. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out with specific primers to detect toxicity determined of various bacilli genes: nheA, hblD, cytK, cesВ. The distribution of toxigenic genes is significantly different among the Bacillus cereus isolates from various sources. The nheA, hblD and cytK enterotoxin genes were detected in 100, 83,3 and 61,9 % of the investigated strains of Bacillus cereus, respectively. The cesB gene encoding emetic toxin was detected in 4,8 % of strains. Molecular-genetic PCR-method confirmed that all the isolated strains belong to the Bacillus cereus group, and the ability to produce toxins can be attributed to five groups. The main toxins that produce the investigated Bacillus cereus strains were nhe and hbl enterotoxins encoded by the corresponding genes of nheA and hblD. The enterotoxic type of Bacillus cereus was predominant in Ukrainian region. Studies of domestic plant food raw materials and products have confirmed the need to improve microbiological control of product safety by introducing accelerated specific diagnostics of contaminants by molecular genetics methods.
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McHugh AJ, Feehily C, Hill C, Cotter PD. Detection and Enumeration of Spore-Forming Bacteria in Powdered Dairy Products. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:109. [PMID: 28197144 PMCID: PMC5281614 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
With the abolition of milk quotas in the European Union in 2015, several member states including Ireland, Luxembourg, and Belgium have seen year on year bi-monthly milk deliveries to dairies increase by up to 35%. Milk production has also increased outside of Europe in the past number of years. Unsurprisingly, there has been a corresponding increased focus on the production of dried milk products for improved shelf life. These powders are used in a wide variety of products, including confectionery, infant formula, sports dietary supplements and supplements for health recovery. To ensure quality and safety standards in the dairy sector, strict controls are in place with respect to the acceptable quantity and species of microorganisms present in these products. A particular emphasis on spore-forming bacteria is necessary due to their inherent ability to survive extreme processing conditions. Traditional microbiological detection methods used in industry have limitations in terms of time, efficiency, accuracy, and sensitivity. The following review will explore the common spore-forming bacterial contaminants of milk powders, will review the guidelines with respect to the acceptable limits of these microorganisms and will provide an insight into recent advances in methods for detecting these microbes. The various advantages and limitations with respect to the application of these diagnostics approaches for dairy food will be provided. It is anticipated that the optimization and application of these methods in appropriate ways can ensure that the enhanced pressures associated with increased production will not result in any lessening of safety and quality standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife J McHugh
- Food Bioscience Department, Teagasc Food Research CentreCork, Ireland; School of Microbiology, University College CorkCork, Ireland
| | - Conor Feehily
- Food Bioscience Department, Teagasc Food Research CentreCork, Ireland; APC Microbiome InstituteCork, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- School of Microbiology, University College CorkCork, Ireland; APC Microbiome InstituteCork, Ireland
| | - Paul D Cotter
- Food Bioscience Department, Teagasc Food Research CentreCork, Ireland; APC Microbiome InstituteCork, Ireland
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Li F, Xie G, Zhou B, Yu P, Yu S, Aguilar ZP, Wei H, Xu H. Rapid and simultaneous detection of viable Cronobacter sakazakii , Staphylococcus aureus , and Bacillus cereus in infant food products by PMA-mPCR assay with internal amplification control. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Zhang Z, Liu Z, Tao X, Wei H. Characterization and sulfated modification of an exopolysaccharide from Lactobacillus plantarum ZDY2013 and its biological activities. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 153:25-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.07.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Zhang Z, Tao X, Shah NP, Wei H. Antagonistics against pathogenic Bacillus cereus in milk fermentation by Lactobacillus plantarum ZDY2013 and its anti-adhesion effect on Caco-2 cells against pathogens. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:2666-2674. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
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