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Takisawa S, Funakoshi T, Yatsu T, Nagata K, Aigaki T, Machida S, Ishigami A. Vitamin C deficiency causes muscle atrophy and a deterioration in physical performance. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4702. [PMID: 30894591 PMCID: PMC6426981 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41229-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
L-Ascorbic acid (AsA) is a water-soluble antioxidant. We examined the effect of AsA deficiency on skeletal muscle using senescence marker protein-30 (SMP30)-knockout (KO) mice that are defective in AsA biosynthesis, which makes this mouse model similar to humans, to clarify the function of AsA in skeletal muscle. Eight-week-old female SMP30-KO mice were divided into the following two groups: an AsA-sufficient group [AsA(+)] that was administered 1.5 g/L AsA and an AsA-deficient group [AsA(-)] that was administered tap (AsA-free) water. At 4 weeks, the AsA content in the gastrocnemius muscle of AsA(-) mice was 0.7% compared to that in the gastrocnemius muscle of AsA(+) mice. Significantly lower weights of all muscles were observed in AsA(-) mice than those in AsA(+) mice at 12 and 16 weeks. The cross-sectional area of the soleus was significantly smaller in AsA(-) mice at 16 weeks than that in AsA(+) mice. The physical performance of AsA(-) mice was significantly less than that of AsA(+) mice at 12 weeks. Following AsA deficiency for 12 weeks, the expression of ubiquitin ligases, such as atrogin1/muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx) and muscle RING-finger protein 1 (MuRF1), was upregulated. Furthermore, all detected effects of AsA deficiency on muscles of the AsA(-) group at 12 weeks were restored following AsA supplementation for 12 weeks. Thus, longer-term AsA deficiency is associated with muscle wasting, that this can be reversed by restoring AsA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Takisawa
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
- Cellular Genetics, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan
| | - Tomoko Funakoshi
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Yatsu
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Kisaburo Nagata
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan
| | - Toshiro Aigaki
- Cellular Genetics, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Shuichi Machida
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan
| | - Akihito Ishigami
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan.
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Gene pathways associated with mitochondrial function, oxidative stress and telomere length are differentially expressed in the liver of rats fed lifelong on virgin olive, sunflower or fish oils. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 52:36-44. [PMID: 29144994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of lifelong intake of different fat sources rich in monounsaturated (virgin olive oil), n6 polyunsaturated (sunflower oil) or n3 polyunsaturated (fish oil) fatty acids in the aged liver. Male Wistar rats fed lifelong on diets differing in the fat source were killed at 6 and at 24 months of age. Liver histopathology, mitochondrial ultrastructure, biogenesis, oxidative stress, mitochondrial electron transport chain, relative telomere length and gene expression profiles were studied. Aging led to lipid accumulation in the liver. Virgin olive oil led to the lowest oxidation and ultrastructural alterations. Sunflower oil induced fibrosis, ultrastructural alterations and high oxidation. Fish oil intensified oxidation associated with age, lowered electron transport chain activity and enhanced the relative telomere length. Gene expression changes associated with age in animals fed virgin olive oil and fish oil were related mostly to mitochondrial function and oxidative stress pathways, followed by cell cycle and telomere length control. Sunflower oil avoided gene expression changes related to age. According to the results, virgin olive oil might be considered the dietary fat source that best preserves the liver during the aging process.
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Sato Y, Uchida E, Aoki H, Hanamura T, Nagamine K, Kato H, Koizumi T, Ishigami A. Acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC.) Juice Intake Suppresses UVB-Induced Skin Pigmentation in SMP30/GNL Knockout Hairless Mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170438. [PMID: 28114343 PMCID: PMC5256894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC.) is a fruit that is known to contain high amounts of ascorbic acid (AA) and various phytochemicals. We have previously reported that AA deficiency leads to ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced skin pigmentation in senescence marker protein 30 (SMP30)/gluconolactonase (GNL) knockout (KO) hairless mice. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of acerola juice (AJ) intake on the skin of UVB-irradiated SMP30/GNL KO mice. RESEARCH DESIGN/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Five-week old hairless mice were given drinking water containing physiologically sufficient AA (1.5 g/L) [AA (+)], no AA [AA (-)] or 1.67% acerola juice [AJ]. All mice were exposed to UVB irradiation for 6 weeks. UVB irradiation was performed three times per week. The dorsal skin color and stratum corneum water content were measured every weekly, and finally, the AA contents of the skin was determined. The skin AA and stratum corneum water content was similar between the AA (+) and AJ groups. The L* value of the AA (+) group was significantly decreased by UVB irradiation, whereas AJ intake suppressed the decrease in the L* value throughout the experiment. Moreover, in the AJ group, there was a significant decrease in the expression level of dopachrome tautomerase, an enzyme that is involved in melanin biosynthesis. CONCLUSION These results indicate that AJ intake is effective in suppressing UVB-induced skin pigmentation by inhibiting melanogenesis-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Sato
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eriko Uchida
- Corporate Science Research Division, Nichirei Corporation, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Aoki
- Research and Development Division, Nichirei Foods Corporation, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takayuki Hanamura
- Research and Development Division, Nichirei Foods Corporation, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenichi Nagamine
- Research and Development Division, Research and Development Center, Nichirei Bioscience Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisanori Kato
- Corporate Sponsored Research Program 'Food for Life', The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Koizumi
- Corporate Science Research Division, Nichirei Corporation, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akihito Ishigami
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
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Li M, Guo K, Taketani S, Adachi Y, Ikehara S. Stem Cell Replacement Improves Expression of SMP30 in db/db Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:29971-9. [PMID: 26694363 PMCID: PMC4691160 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that replacing bone marrow stem cells may improve hyperglycemia and oxidative stress in db/db mice, a type 2 diabetic mouse model. Senescence marker protein 30 (SMP30) is an antioxidant protein that decreases with aging. However, it has not been clear whether SMP30 decreases in the livers of obese mice, and whether stem cell replacement would improve SMP30 expression in the liver. Bone marrow stem cells of db/db mice were replaced with the bone marrow stem cells of C57BL/6 mice. Plasma cytokine and insulin levels were measured, and glycogen content, expression of SMP30, and fibrosis in the liver were assessed. Our results showed that stem cell replacement increased the expression of SMP30 in the liver, resulting from decreased plasma inflammation cytokines and hyperinsulinemia in db/db mice. This is the first report that stem cell replacement increased the expression of SMP30 in the liver, and may help prevent fibrosis in the liver of db/db mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Department of Stem Cell Disorders, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata City, Osaka 5731010, Japan.
| | - Kequan Guo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Shigeru Taketani
- Department of Microbiology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata City, Osaka 5731010, Japan.
| | - Yasushi Adachi
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Toyooka Hospital, Hyogo 6688501, Japan.
| | - Susumu Ikehara
- Department of Stem Cell Disorders, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata City, Osaka 5731010, Japan.
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Ipsen DH, Tveden-Nyborg P, Lykkesfeldt J. Does vitamin C deficiency promote fatty liver disease development? Nutrients 2014; 6:5473-99. [PMID: 25533004 PMCID: PMC4276979 DOI: 10.3390/nu6125473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and the subsequent reprogramming of the white adipose tissue are linked to human disease-complexes including metabolic syndrome and concurrent non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The dietary imposed dyslipidemia promotes redox imbalance by the generation of excess levels of reactive oxygen species and induces adipocyte dysfunction and reprogramming, leading to a low grade systemic inflammation and ectopic lipid deposition, e.g., in the liver, hereby promoting a vicious circle in which dietary factors initiate a metabolic change that further exacerbates the negative consequences of an adverse life-style. Large epidemiological studies and findings from controlled in vivo animal studies have provided evidence supporting an association between poor vitamin C (VitC) status and propagation of life-style associated diseases. In addition, overweight per se has been shown to result in reduced plasma VitC, and the distribution of body fat in obesity has been shown to have an inverse relationship with VitC plasma levels. Recently, a number of epidemiological studies have indicated a VitC intake below the recommended daily allowance (RDA) in NAFLD-patients, suggesting an association between dietary habits, disease and VitC deficiency. In the general population, VitC deficiency (defined as a plasma concentration below 23 μM) affects around 10% of adults, however, this prevalence is increased by an adverse life-style, deficiency potentially playing a broader role in disease progression in specific subgroups. This review discusses the currently available data from human surveys and experimental models in search of a putative role of VitC deficiency in the development of NAFLD and NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Højland Ipsen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9, Frederiksberg C, 1870 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Pernille Tveden-Nyborg
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9, Frederiksberg C, 1870 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jens Lykkesfeldt
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9, Frederiksberg C, 1870 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Kondo Y, Masutomi H, Noda Y, Ozawa Y, Takahashi K, Handa S, Maruyama N, Shimizu T, Ishigami A. Senescence marker protein-30/superoxide dismutase 1 double knockout mice exhibit increased oxidative stress and hepatic steatosis. FEBS Open Bio 2014; 4:522-32. [PMID: 25003023 PMCID: PMC4081155 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We generated SMP30/SOD1-double knockout (DKO) mice for oxidative stress research. SMP30/SOD1-DKO mice showed low levels of ascorbic acid and premature death. SMP30/SOD1-DKO mice exhibited high levels of oxidative stress and liver injury. SMP30/SOD1-DKO mice manifest hepatic steatosis due to decreased levels of Apolipoprotein B.
Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) is an antioxidant enzyme that converts superoxide anion radicals into hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen. The senescence marker protein-30 (SMP30) is a gluconolactonase that functions as an antioxidant protein in mammals due to its involvement in ascorbic acid (AA) biosynthesis. SMP30 also participates in Ca2+ efflux by activating the calmodulin-dependent Ca2+-pump. To reveal the role of oxidative stress in lipid metabolism defects occurring in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease pathogenesis, we generated SMP30/SOD1-double knockout (SMP30/SOD1-DKO) mice and investigated their survival curves, plasma and hepatic lipid profiles, amounts of hepatic oxidative stress, and hepatic protein levels expressed by genes related to lipid metabolism. While SMP30/SOD1-DKO pups had no growth retardation by 14 days of age, they did have low plasma and hepatic AA levels. Thereafter, 39% and 53% of male and female pups died by 15–24 and 89 days of age, respectively. Compared to wild type, SMP30-KO and SOD1-KO mice, by 14 days SMP30/SOD1-DKO mice exhibited: (1) higher plasma levels of triglyceride and aspartate aminotransferase; (2) severe accumulation of hepatic triglyceride and total cholesterol; (3) higher levels of superoxide anion radicals and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in livers; and (4) decreased mRNA and protein levels of Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) in livers – ApoB is an essential component of VLDL secretion. These results suggest that high levels of oxidative stress due to concomitant deficiency of SMP30 and/or AA, and SOD1 cause abnormal plasma lipid metabolism, hepatic lipid accumulation and premature death resulting from impaired VLDL secretion.
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Key Words
- AA, l-ascorbic acid
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- ApoB, Apolipoprotein B
- Ascorbic acid
- DHA, dehydroascorbic acid
- DHE, dihydroethidium
- DKO, double knockout
- EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- FFA, free fatty acid
- Grp78, glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa
- KO, knockout
- MTP, microsomal triglyceride transfer protein
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- PL, phospholipid
- PPARα, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α
- Reactive oxygen species
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- SMP30
- SMP30, senescence marker protein-30
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- SOD1
- SREBP, sterol regulatory element binding protein
- T-cho, total cholesterol
- TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
- TG, triglyceride
- VLDL, very low-density lipoprotein
- qPCR, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Kondo
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Masutomi
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Noda
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ozawa
- Department of Advanced Aging Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Keita Takahashi
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Setsuko Handa
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Naoki Maruyama
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Takahiko Shimizu
- Department of Advanced Aging Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Akihito Ishigami
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
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