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Dündar A, Yalçın P, Arslan N, Acay H, Hatipoğlu A, Boğa M, Karahan S, Yaprak B. Effect of Pleurotus ostreatus Water Extract Consumption on Blood Parameters and Cytokine Values in Healthy Volunteers. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38935369 DOI: 10.1080/27697061.2024.2369781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim in this study is, does 29-day regular consumption of Pleurotus ostreatus water extract by volunteer individuals who meet the study criteria have an effect on blood and cytokine values? METHOD In accordance with the purpose of the study, volunteers were asked to consume 100 ml of the extract every morning for 29 days. Three tubes of blood samples were taken from the volunteers on the 15th and 29th days of the study. Biochemical and hematological analysis of the blood samples were performed and immunomodulatory effects through cytokines were examined. The values obtained from 3 tubes of blood obtained from volunteers before the use of mushroom extract were used as control. The chemical composition and β-glucan content of 100 ml of mushroom water extract were also analyzed. RESULT IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-13 could not be detected because the values were below the lowest standard value. TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-1β 15th and 29th day values decreased compared to the 1st day (control) values (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference observed between the 15th and 29th day. No abnormalities were observed in biochemical and hematological values. Also, the β-glucan content of extract was found 38.12 mg/100 ml. CONCLUSION The frequency range of kidney and liver function test results confirmed that P. osreatus is a reliable food source. Considering the cytokine values these results indicate that P. ostreatus water extract has an anti-inflammatory effect. As no significant difference was observed in 29 days of use, it is thought that 15 days of daily consumption of the extract may be sufficient for the anti-inflammatory effect to occur. However, a large number of qualified clinical trials are needed to support the issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdurrahman Dündar
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational Higher School of Health Services, Mardin, Turkey
| | - Pınar Yalçın
- Department of Biology, Graduate Education Institute, Mardin Artuklu University, Mardin, Turkey
- Şehit İlhan Varank Secondary School, Mardin, Turkey
| | - Nurgül Arslan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Hilal Acay
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Science, Mardin Artuklu University, Mardin, Turkey
| | - Abdulkerim Hatipoğlu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Science, Mardin Artuklu University, Mardin, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Boğa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
- Dicle University Health Sciences Application and Research Center (DÜSAM), Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Selim Karahan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mardin Artuklu University, Mardin, Turkey
| | - Bülent Yaprak
- Department of Internal Medical Sciences, Turgut Özal Faculty of Medicine, Yesilyurt, Turkey
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Elnahas MO, Elkhateeb WA, Daba GM. Nutritive profile, pharmaceutical potentials, and structural analysis of multifunctional bioactive fungal polysaccharides-A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:130893. [PMID: 38493817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Asian nations have long used edible fungi as food and medicine. Polysaccharides are among the main building units of the cell walls of fungi. Fungal polysaccharides have been documented in the medicinal and industrial sectors as products with a vast array of various biological activities and applications such as antitumor, antioxidant, anticancer, immunomodulation, and antiviral activities, etc. The goal of this review is to give insights into the various biological activities of mushroom polysaccharides and their potential as a medicine for human health. The extraction, purity, and structural analysis of fungal polysaccharides were also reviewed in this work. Also, future prospective, and challenges for fungal polysaccharides in pharmaceutical applications can be found in this review. Overall, this review serves as a valuable resource in exploring the therapeutic potential and applications of fungal polysaccharides. By building upon the existing knowledge base and addressing critical research gaps, researchers can find new opportunities for utilizing fungal polysaccharides as valuable therapeutic agents and functional ingredients in pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa O Elnahas
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Waill A Elkhateeb
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Ghoson M Daba
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
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Zhang Q, Xu Y, Xie L, Shu X, Zhang S, Wang Y, Wang H, Dong Q, Peng W. The function and application of edible fungal polysaccharides. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2024; 127:45-142. [PMID: 38763529 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Edible fungi, commonly known as mushrooms, are precious medicinal and edible homologous gifts from nature to us. Edible fungal polysaccharides (EFPs) are a variety of bioactive macromolecular which isolated from fruiting bodies, mycelia or fermentation broths of edible or medicinal fungus. Increasing researches have confirmed that EFPs possess multiple biological activities both in vitro and in vivo settings, including antioxidant, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-tumor, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and regulating intestinal flora activities. As a result, they have emerged as a prominent focus in the healthcare, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Fungal EFPs have safe, non-toxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible properties with low immunogenicity, bioadhesion ability, and antibacterial activities, presenting diverse potential applications in the food industries, cosmetic, biomedical, packaging, and new materials. Moreover, varying raw materials, extraction, purification, chemical modification methods, and culture conditions can result in variances in the structure and biological activities of EFPs. The purpose of this review is to provide comprehensively and systematically organized information on the structure, modification, biological activities, and potential applications of EFPs to support their therapeutic effects and health functions. This review provides new insights and a theoretical basis for prospective investigations and advancements in EFPs in fields such as medicine, food, and new materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Sichuan Institute of Edible Fungi, Chengdu, P.R. China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Chengdu, P.R. China; Scientifc Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, P.R. China.
| | - Yingyin Xu
- Sichuan Institute of Edible Fungi, Chengdu, P.R. China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Chengdu, P.R. China; Scientifc Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, P.R. China.
| | - Liyuan Xie
- Sichuan Institute of Edible Fungi, Chengdu, P.R. China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Chengdu, P.R. China; Scientifc Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, P.R. China.
| | - Xueqin Shu
- Sichuan Institute of Edible Fungi, Chengdu, P.R. China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Chengdu, P.R. China; Scientifc Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, P.R. China.
| | - Shilin Zhang
- Sichuan Institute of Edible Fungi, Chengdu, P.R. China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Chengdu, P.R. China; Scientifc Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, P.R. China.
| | - Yong Wang
- Sichuan Institute of Edible Fungi, Chengdu, P.R. China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Chengdu, P.R. China; Scientifc Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, P.R. China.
| | - Haixia Wang
- Horticulture Institute of Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, P.R. China.
| | - Qian Dong
- Sichuan Institute of Edible Fungi, Chengdu, P.R. China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Chengdu, P.R. China; Scientifc Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, P.R. China.
| | - Weihong Peng
- Sichuan Institute of Edible Fungi, Chengdu, P.R. China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Chengdu, P.R. China; Scientifc Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, P.R. China.
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Zheng Z, Huang Q. New insight into the structure-dependent two-way immunomodulatory effects of water-soluble yeast β-glucan in macrophages. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 291:119569. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Oke MA, Afolabi FJ, Oyeleke OO, Kilani TA, Adeosun AR, Olanbiwoninu AA, Adebayo EA. Ganoderma lucidum: Unutilized natural medicine and promising future solution to emerging diseases in Africa. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:952027. [PMID: 36071846 PMCID: PMC9441938 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.952027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum is a well-known medicinal mushroom that has been used for the prevention and treatment of different ailments to enhance longevity and health specifically in China, Japan, and Korea. It was known as “God’s herb” in ancient China as it was believed to prolong life, enhance the youthful spirit and sustain/preserve vitality. G. lucidum is seldom collected from nature and is substantially cultivated on wood logs and sawdust in plastic bags or bottles to meet the international market demand. Both in vitro and in vivo studies on the copious metabolic activities of G. lucidum have been carried out. Varied groups of chemical compounds including triterpenoids, polysaccharides, proteins, amino acids, nucleosides, alkaloids, steroids, lactones, lectins, fatty acids, and enzymes with potent pharmacological activities have been isolated from the mycelia and fruiting bodies of G. lucidum. Several researchers have reported the abundance and diversification of its biological actions triggered by these chemical compounds. Triterpenoids and polysaccharides of G. lucidum have been reported to possess cytotoxic, hepatoprotective, antihypertensive, hypocholesterolemic, antihistaminic effects, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic antiallergic, neuroprotective, antitumor, immunomodulatory and antiangiogenic activities. Various formulations have been developed, patented, and utilized as nutraceuticals, cosmeceuticals, and pharmaceuticals from G. lucidum extracts and active compounds. Thus, this review presents current updates on emerging infectious diseases and highlights the scope, dynamics, and advances in infectious disease management with a particular focus on Ganoderma lucidum, an unutilized natural medicine as a promising future solution to emerging diseases in Africa. However, details such as the chemical compound and mode of action of each bioactive against different emerging diseases were not discussed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Oke
- Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
- Microbiology and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, LAUTECH, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - F. J. Afolabi
- Mushrooms Department, National Biotechnology Development Centre, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - O. O. Oyeleke
- Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
- Microbiology and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, LAUTECH, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - T. A. Kilani
- Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
- Microbiology and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, LAUTECH, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - A. R. Adeosun
- Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
- Microbiology and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, LAUTECH, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - A. A. Olanbiwoninu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - E. A. Adebayo
- Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
- Microbiology and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, LAUTECH, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
- Mushrooms Department, National Biotechnology Development Centre, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
- *Correspondence: E. A. Adebayo,
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Immunomodulatory activity of extracts from five edible basidiomycetes mushrooms in Wistar albino rats. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12423. [PMID: 35859110 PMCID: PMC9300736 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16349-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms are nutritious foods that are widely cultivated all over the world. They are rich in a range of compounds linked to improving functions of the immune system including carotenoids, alkaloids, lectins, enzymes, folates, fats, organic acids, minerals, polysaccharides, phenolics, proteins, tocopherols, terpenoids, and volatile compounds. In this study we investigated, the immunomodulatory activity in rats of the aqueous extracts of five of the most common edible mushrooms belonging to Family Basidiomycota-white-rot fungi including, Lentinula edodes, Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus columbinus, and Pleurotus sajor-caju. Male Wistar albino rats were assigned to thirteen groups and Immunosuppression was induced by oral administration of dexamethasone (0.1 mg/kg), followed by oral administration of the mushroom extracts at low (200 mg/kg) and high (400 mg/kg) doses. A positive control group received the immune stimulant Echinacea extract Immulant® at (30 mg/kg), while the negative control group received only saline. From each animal, in each group, blood samples were collected after 15 days for complete blood counts and for measurement of immunologic parameters, including lysozyme activity, nitric oxide (NO) production and serum cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) levels. Results have shown that white blood cells (WBCs) and lymphocytic counts were significantly boosted by high doses of each of the five mushroom extracts (207-289% increase for WBC and 153-175% for lymphocytes) with a significant increase in lysozyme activity (110-136% increase), NO concentration (159-232% increase) and cytokines as compared to the negative control group. Histopathological examination of the rats' spleen and thymus tissues has shown marked lymphocytic proliferation that was more obvious at the higher doses. In conclusion, our results showed that the five edible mushroom extracts revealed significant immunostimulatory effects preclinically particularly, at the higher doses (400 mg/kg) which can be considered the effective dose.
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7
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Zhang WN, Gong LL, Zhou ZB, Sun M, Li YY, Sun JW, Chen Y. Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity of a mannan from Helvella leucopus. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 212:495-507. [PMID: 35618090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A new polysaccharide fraction HLP-1 (2.55 × 105 Da) was obtained from the fruiting bodies of Helvella leucopus. Structural characterization of HLP-1 was elucidated by infrared spectroscopy, monosaccharide composition analysis, methylation analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and Congo red assay. HLP-1 was a mannan with a backbone of →6)-α-D-Manp(1 → 4)- α-D-Manp(1 → 6)-α-D-Manp(1 → 3)-α-D-Manp(1 → 4)-α-D-Manp(1 → 3)-α-D-Manp(1→, which branched at the O-6 position and terminated with T-β-D-Manp. Moreover, HLP-1 could significantly improve the proliferation and neutral red phagocytosis of RAW264.7. Besides, HLP-1 could stimulate the production of nitric oxide (NO), ROS, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). HLP-1 induced macrophage activation via NF-κB signal pathway. These findings indicated that HLP-1 was a potential immune enhancement agent applied in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Na Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing of Anhui Province, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Li-Li Gong
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Zhong-Bo Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Min Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Jing-Wen Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing of Anhui Province, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China.
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8
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Nutritional Profile and Health Benefits of Ganoderma lucidum “Lingzhi, Reishi, or Mannentake” as Functional Foods: Current Scenario and Future Perspectives. Foods 2022; 11:foods11071030. [PMID: 35407117 PMCID: PMC8998036 DOI: 10.3390/foods11071030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum has a long history of medicinal uses in the Far East countries of more than 2000 years due to its healing properties. Recently, G. lucidum has come under scientific scrutiny to evaluate its content of bioactive components that affect human physiology, and has been exploited for potent components in the pharmacology, nutraceuticals, and cosmetics industries. For instance, evidence is accumulating on the potential of this mushroom species as a promising antiviral medicine for treating many viral diseases, such as dengue virus, enterovirus 71, and recently coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19). Still, more research studies on the biotherapeutic components of G. lucidum are needed to ensure the safety and efficiency of G. lucidum and promote the development of commercial functional foods. This paper provides an extensive overview of the nutraceutical value of Ganoderma lucidum and the development of commercial functional food. Moreover, the geo-origin tracing strategies of this mushroom and its products are discussed, a highly important parameter to ensure product quality and safety. The discussed features will open new avenues and reveal more secrets to widely utilizing this mushroom in many industrial fields; i.e., pharmaceutical and nutritional ones, which will positively reflect the global economy.
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Zhou Y, El-Seedi HR, Xu B. Insights into health promoting effects and myochemical profiles of pine mushroom Tricholoma matsutake. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:5698-5723. [PMID: 34985354 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2023857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Tricholoma matsutake (TM) is a valuable edible mushroom that has attracted increasing attention due to its potential medicinal values and functional uses. However, the chemical composition and molecular mechanisms behinds TM are not specifically summarized yet. Hence, this review aims to systematically analyze the research progress on the characterization of chemical compositions and the reported health effects of TM in the last 20 years. The myochemical profiles of TM consist of proteins with amino acids, fatty acids, nucleic acids with their derivatives, polysaccharides, minerals, volatile components, phenolic compounds, and steroids. The bioactive substances in TM exert their health effects mainly by regulating body immunity and restoring the balance of the redox system. NF-κB signaling pathway and its downstream cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6 are the key molecular mechanisms. In addition, MAPK, PI3K-Akt, and JAK-STAT are also involved. NF-κB, MAPK, and PI3K-Akt are also highly related to cancer regulation and thus TM has great anticancer potential. Considering that most studies have only investigated the dosage and inhibition rate of TM on cancer cell lines, more extensive studies need to focus on the specific molecular mechanisms behind these anticancer effects in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhou
- BNU-HKBU United International College, Food Science and Technology Program, Zhuhai, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hesham R El-Seedi
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Baojun Xu
- BNU-HKBU United International College, Food Science and Technology Program, Zhuhai, China
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Abdelhamid L, Luo XM. Diet and Hygiene in Modulating Autoimmunity During the Pandemic Era. Front Immunol 2022; 12:749774. [PMID: 35069526 PMCID: PMC8766844 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.749774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system is an efficiently toned machinery that discriminates between friends and foes for achieving both host defense and homeostasis. Deviation of immune recognition from foreign to self and/or long-lasting inflammatory responses results in the breakdown of tolerance. Meanwhile, educating the immune system and developing immunological memory are crucial for mounting defensive immune responses while protecting against autoimmunity. Still to elucidate is how diverse environmental factors could shape autoimmunity. The emergence of a world pandemic such as SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) not only threatens the more vulnerable individuals including those with autoimmune conditions but also promotes an unprecedented shift in people's dietary approaches while urging for extraordinary hygiene measures that likely contribute to the development or exacerbation of autoimmunity. Thus, there is an urgent need to understand how environmental factors modulate systemic autoimmunity to better mitigate the incidence and or severity of COVID-19 among the more vulnerable populations. Here, we discuss the effects of diet (macronutrients and micronutrients) and hygiene (the use of disinfectants) on autoimmunity with a focus on systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Abdelhamid
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Xin M. Luo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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Ishara J, Buzera A, Mushagalusa GN, Hammam ARA, Munga J, Karanja P, Kinyuru J. Nutraceutical potential of mushroom bioactive metabolites and their food functionality. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e14025. [PMID: 34888869 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Numerous mushroom bioactive metabolites, including polysaccharides, eritadenine, lignin, chitosan, mevinolin, and astrakurkurone have been studied in life-threatening conditions and diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular, hypertension, cancer, DNA damage, hypercholesterolemia, and obesity attempting to identify natural therapies. These bioactive metabolites have shown potential as antiviral and immune system strengthener natural agents through diverse cellular and physiological pathways modulation with no toxicity evidence, widely available, and inexpensive. In light of the emerging literature, this paper compiles the most recent information describing the molecular mechanisms that underlie the nutraceutical potentials of these mushroom metabolites suggesting their effectiveness if combined with existing drug therapies while discussing the food functionality of mushrooms. The findings raise hope that these mushroom bioactive metabolites may be utilized as natural therapies considering their therapeutic potential while anticipating further research designing clinical trials and developing new drug therapies while encouraging their consumption as a natural adjuvant in preventing and controlling life-threatening conditions and diseases. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Diabetes, cardiovascular, hypertension, cancer, DNA damage, hypercholesterolemia, and obesity are among the world's largest life-threatening conditions and diseases. Several mushroom bioactive compounds, including polysaccharides, eritadenine, lignin, chitosan, mevinolin, and astrakurkurone have been found potential in tackling these diseases through diverse cellular and physiological pathways modulation with no toxicity evidence, suggesting their use as nutraceutical foods in preventing and controlling these life-threatening conditions and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson Ishara
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Université Evangélique en Afrique, Bukavu, D.R. Congo.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ariel Buzera
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Université Evangélique en Afrique, Bukavu, D.R. Congo.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gustave N Mushagalusa
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Université Evangélique en Afrique, Bukavu, D.R. Congo
| | - Ahmed R A Hammam
- Dairy and Food Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA
| | - Judith Munga
- Department Food Nutrition and Dietetics, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Paul Karanja
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - John Kinyuru
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
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12
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Boonpiyathad T, Lao-Araya M, Chiewchalermsri C, Sangkanjanavanich S, Morita H. Allergic Rhinitis: What Do We Know About Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy? FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2021; 2:747323. [PMID: 35387059 PMCID: PMC8974870 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2021.747323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an IgE-mediated disease that is characterized by Th2 joint inflammation. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is indicated for AR when symptoms remain uncontrolled despite medication and allergen avoidance. AIT is considered to have been effective if it alleviated allergic symptoms, decreased medication use, improved the quality of life even after treatment cessation, and prevented the progression of AR to asthma and the onset of new sensitization. AIT can be administered subcutaneously or sublingually, and novel routes are still being developed, such as intra-lymphatically and epicutaneously. AIT aims at inducing allergen tolerance through modification of innate and adaptive immunologic responses. The main mechanism of AIT is control of type 2 inflammatory cells through induction of various functional regulatory cells such as regulatory T cells (Tregs), follicular T cells (Tfr), B cells (Bregs), dendritic cells (DCregs), innate lymphoid cells (IL-10+ ILCs), and natural killer cells (NKregs). However, AIT has a number of disadvantages: the long treatment period required to achieve greater efficacy, high cost, systemic allergic reactions, and the absence of a biomarker for predicting treatment responders. Currently, adjunctive therapies, vaccine adjuvants, and novel vaccine technologies are being studied to overcome the problems associated with AIT. This review presents an updated overview of AIT, with a special focus on AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadech Boonpiyathad
- Department of Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Tadech Boonpiyathad
| | - Mongkol Lao-Araya
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chirawat Chiewchalermsri
- Department of Medicine, Panyananthaphikkhu Chonprathan Medical Center, Srinakharinwirot University, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Sasipa Sangkanjanavanich
- Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Department of Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hideaki Morita
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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Regueiro C, Codesido L, García-Nimo L, Zarraquiños S, Remedios D, Rodríguez-Blanco A, Sinde E, Fernández-de-Ana C, Cubiella J. The Effect of the Nutraceutical "MICODIGEST 2.0" on the Colorectal Cancer Surgery With Curative Intent Complications Rate: A Study Protocol for a Placebo-Controlled Double-blind Randomized Clinical Trial (Preprint). JMIR Res Protoc 2021; 11:e34292. [PMID: 35576566 PMCID: PMC9152712 DOI: 10.2196/34292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most colorectal cancer patients diagnosed are candidates for surgical resection with curative intent, although colorectal surgery is associated with some complications that could be life-threatening. Antibiotic prophylaxis is commonly used for the prevention of infectious postoperative complications. However, this intervention can change the composition of intestinal microbiota and promote adverse inflammatory outcomes in colorectal cancer patients. The combination of different fungal extracts could be beneficial because of their role in gut microbiota modulation and their anti-inflammatory activity. Objective Based on this hypothesis, we have designed a double-bind, randomized clinical trial to evaluate the effect of the nutraceutical fungal extract Micodigest 2.0 on complications of surgery for colorectal cancer resection. Methods Colorectal cancer candidates for surgery will be considered for inclusion in the study. After evaluation by the multidisciplinary tumor board, patients who meet selection criteria will be screened, stratified according to tumor location, and randomly allocated to be treated with Micodigest 2.0 or placebo. Treatment will be continued until admission for surgery (4-6 weeks). Participants will undergo a medical and clinical evaluation including baseline and preadmission quality of life, microbiome composition, inflammatory and nutritional status, adverse events, and adherence assessments. The main end point of the study is the surgery complication rate. We will evaluate complications using the Clavien-Dindo classification. It will be necessary to recruit 144 patients to find a relevant clinical difference. We will also evaluate the effect of the nutraceutical on microbiome composition, inflammatory response, nutritional status, and quality of life, as well as the effect of these variables on surgical complications. Results This study was funded in 2020 by the Center for Industrial Technology Development. Recruitment began in September 2021 and is expected to be completed in September 2022. Data will be analyzed and the results will be disseminated in 2023. Conclusions The results of this protocol study could help to reduce surgery complications in patients with colorectal cancer using the new treatment Micodigest. This study could also identify new features associated with colorectal surgery complications. In summary, this study trial could improve the management of colorectal cancer patients. Trial Registration Clinical Trials.gov NCT04821258; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04821258 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/34292
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Regueiro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Ourense, Spain
| | - Laura Codesido
- Department of Gastroenterology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Ourense, Spain
| | - Laura García-Nimo
- Clinical Analysis Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Ourense, Spain
| | - Sara Zarraquiños
- Department of Gastroenterology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Ourense, Spain
| | - David Remedios
- Department of Gastroenterology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Ourense, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Joaquín Cubiella
- Department of Gastroenterology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Ourense, Spain
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Swathi Krishna S, Thennavan A, Kanthlal SK. Dietary foods containing nitric oxide donors can be early curators of SARS-CoV-2 infection: A possible role in the immune system. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e13884. [PMID: 34374096 PMCID: PMC8420599 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) is a lethal virus that causes COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019), the respiratory illness that has caused the COVID-19 pandemic. Even though multiple pharmacological trials are ongoing, there is no proof that any treatment will effectively cure or prevent COVID-19. Currently, COVID-19-infected patients are being managed with non-specific medications to suppress the symptoms and other associated co-morbidities. Nitric oxide is a bio-signaling molecule that has been shown to be effective for treating several viral infections in humans. Household Natural foods rich in nitrites and nitrates (NO donors) have been scientifically proven to have therapeutic benefits against immune-related respiratory tract infections. It was understood that NO could inhibit the early stage of SARS CoV-2 invasion into the human cell. Fruits and vegetables containing nitrites and nitrates have been revised and are now thought to be potential anti-CoV agents for effective control of other associated systemic disorders. The purpose of this review is to highlight some key facts about the treatment and prevention of COVID-19 infection with foods rich in nitric oxide and its donors. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Improving the body's immune system is the early step to be considered as a preventive measure to stop the spreading of COVID-19 infection. Emerging research continues to mount that dietary nitrates/nitrites from plant foods are being healthy as well as keep us away from infectious diseases. They are now incorporated into low-risk adjuvant therapy for various infections and systemic disorders. This concept portrays the regular consuming foods such as fruits and vegetables that are rich in nitric oxide which have the potential to promote health, improve general well-being, and reduce the risk associated with the highly contagious diseases. Hence, we recommend adding nitrates and nitrites-containing food to the regular diet to improve the self-immunity as well as to fight against COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Swathi Krishna
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - Arumugam Thennavan
- Central Lab Animal Facility, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - S K Kanthlal
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India
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Ganoderma lucidum: A potential source to surmount viral infections through β-glucans immunomodulatory and triterpenoids antiviral properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 187:769-779. [PMID: 34197853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) polysaccharides and triterpenoids are the major bioactive compounds and have been used as traditional medicine for ancient times. Massive demands of G. lucidum have fascinated the researchers towards its application as functional food, nutraceutical and modern medicine owing to wide range of application in various diseases include immunomodulators, anticancer, antiviral, antioxidant, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective. G. lucidum polysaccharides exhibit immunomodulatory properties through boosting the action of antigen-presenting cells, mononuclear phagocyte system, along with humoral and cellular immunity. β-Glucans isolated from G. lucidum are anticipated to produce an immune response through pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). β-Glucans after binding with dectin-1 receptor present on different cells include macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells and neutrophils produce signal transduction that lead to trigger the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), T cells and Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) that refer to cytokines production and contributing to immune response. While triterpenoids produce antiviral effects through inhibiting various enzymes like neuraminidase, HIV-protease, DENV2 NS2B-NS3 protease and HSV multiplication. Polysaccharides and triterpenoids adjunct to other drugs exhibit potential action in prevention and treatment of various diseases. Immunomodulators and antiviral properties of this mushroom could be a potential source to overcome this current pandemic outbreak.
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Das AK, Nanda PK, Dandapat P, Bandyopadhyay S, Gullón P, Sivaraman GK, McClements DJ, Gullón B, Lorenzo JM. Edible Mushrooms as Functional Ingredients for Development of Healthier and More Sustainable Muscle Foods: A Flexitarian Approach. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092463. [PMID: 33922630 PMCID: PMC8122938 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumers are increasingly interested in nutritious, safe and healthy muscle food products with reduced salt and fat that benefit their well-being. Hence, food processors are constantly in search of natural bioactive ingredients that offer health benefits beyond their nutritive values without affecting the quality of the products. Mushrooms are considered as next-generation healthy food components. Owing to their low content of fat, high-quality proteins, dietary fibre and the presence of nutraceuticals, they are ideally preferred in formulation of low-caloric functional foods. There is a growing trend to fortify muscle food with edible mushrooms to harness their goodness in terms of nutritive, bioactive and therapeutic values. The incorporation of mushrooms in muscle foods assumes significance, as it is favourably accepted by consumers because of its fibrous structure that mimics the texture with meat analogues offering unique taste and umami flavour. This review outlines the current knowledge in the literature about the nutritional richness, functional bioactive compounds and medicinal values of mushrooms offering various health benefits. Furthermore, the effects of functional ingredients of mushrooms in improving the quality and sensory attributes of nutritionally superior and next-generation healthier muscle food products are also highlighted in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K. Das
- Eastern Regional Station, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, 37 Belgachia Road, Kolkata 700 037, India; (P.K.N.); (P.D.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence: (A.K.D.); (J.M.L.)
| | - Pramod K. Nanda
- Eastern Regional Station, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, 37 Belgachia Road, Kolkata 700 037, India; (P.K.N.); (P.D.); (S.B.)
| | - Premanshu Dandapat
- Eastern Regional Station, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, 37 Belgachia Road, Kolkata 700 037, India; (P.K.N.); (P.D.); (S.B.)
| | - Samiran Bandyopadhyay
- Eastern Regional Station, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, 37 Belgachia Road, Kolkata 700 037, India; (P.K.N.); (P.D.); (S.B.)
| | - Patricia Gullón
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidad de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain;
| | | | | | - Beatriz Gullón
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science, Campus Ourense, University of Vigo, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain;
| | - José M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Adva. Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidad de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.K.D.); (J.M.L.)
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Patel DK, Dutta SD, Ganguly K, Cho SJ, Lim KT. Mushroom-Derived Bioactive Molecules as Immunotherapeutic Agents: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051359. [PMID: 33806285 PMCID: PMC7961999 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms with enhanced medicinal properties focus on finding such compounds that could modulate the human body's immune systems. Mushrooms have antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antiviral, hepatoprotective, antitumor, and immunomodulatory properties due to the presence of various bioactive components. β-glucans are the major constituent of the mushroom cell wall and play a significant role in their biological activity. This review described the techniques used in the extraction of the active ingredients from the mushroom. We highlighted the structure of the bioactive polysaccharides present in the mushrooms. Therapeutic applications of different mushrooms were also described. It is interesting to note that mushrooms have the potential sources of many bioactive products that can regulate immunity. Thus, the development of functional medicinal food based on the mushroom is vital for human welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh K. Patel
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (D.K.P.); (S.D.D.); (K.G.)
| | - Sayan Deb Dutta
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (D.K.P.); (S.D.D.); (K.G.)
| | - Keya Ganguly
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (D.K.P.); (S.D.D.); (K.G.)
| | - Seong-Jun Cho
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea;
| | - Ki-Taek Lim
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (D.K.P.); (S.D.D.); (K.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-033-250-6491
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Dai R, Liu M, Nik Nabil WN, Xi Z, Xu H. Mycomedicine: A Unique Class of Natural Products with Potent Anti-tumour Bioactivities. Molecules 2021; 26:1113. [PMID: 33669877 PMCID: PMC7923288 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycomedicine is a unique class of natural medicine that has been widely used in Asian countries for thousands of years. Modern mycomedicine consists of fruiting bodies, spores, or other tissues of medicinal fungi, as well as bioactive components extracted from them, including polysaccharides and, triterpenoids, etc. Since the discovery of the famous fungal extract, penicillin, by Alexander Fleming in the late 19th century, researchers have realised the significant antibiotic and other medicinal values of fungal extracts. As medicinal fungi and fungal metabolites can induce apoptosis or autophagy, enhance the immune response, and reduce metastatic potential, several types of mushrooms, such as Ganoderma lucidum and Grifola frondosa, have been extensively investigated, and anti-cancer drugs have been developed from their extracts. Although some studies have highlighted the anti-cancer properties of a single, specific mushroom, only limited reviews have summarised diverse medicinal fungi as mycomedicine. In this review, we not only list the structures and functions of pharmaceutically active components isolated from mycomedicine, but also summarise the mechanisms underlying the potent bioactivities of several representative mushrooms in the Kingdom Fungi against various types of tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongchen Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (R.D.); (M.L.); (W.N.N.N.)
| | - Mengfan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (R.D.); (M.L.); (W.N.N.N.)
| | - Wan Najbah Nik Nabil
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (R.D.); (M.L.); (W.N.N.N.)
- Pharmaceutical Services Program, Ministry of Health, Selangor 46200, Malaysia
| | - Zhichao Xi
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (R.D.); (M.L.); (W.N.N.N.)
| | - Hongxi Xu
- Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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Zhao S, Gao Q, Rong C, Wang S, Zhao Z, Liu Y, Xu J. Immunomodulatory Effects of Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms and Their Bioactive Immunoregulatory Products. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:E269. [PMID: 33171663 PMCID: PMC7712035 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms have been valued as food and health supplements by humans for centuries. They are rich in dietary fiber, essential amino acids, minerals, and many bioactive compounds, especially those related to human immune system functions. Mushrooms contain diverse immunoregulatory compounds such as terpenes and terpenoids, lectins, fungal immunomodulatory proteins (FIPs) and polysaccharides. The distributions of these compounds differ among mushroom species and their potent immune modulation activities vary depending on their core structures and fraction composition chemical modifications. Here we review the current status of clinical studies on immunomodulatory activities of mushrooms and mushroom products. The potential mechanisms for their activities both in vitro and in vivo were summarized. We describe the approaches that have been used in the development and application of bioactive compounds extracted from mushrooms. These developments have led to the commercialization of a large number of mushroom products. Finally, we discuss the problems in pharmacological applications of mushrooms and mushroom products and highlight a few areas that should be improved before immunomodulatory compounds from mushrooms can be widely used as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhao
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (S.Z.); (Q.G.); (C.R.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Qi Gao
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (S.Z.); (Q.G.); (C.R.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Chengbo Rong
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (S.Z.); (Q.G.); (C.R.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shouxian Wang
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (S.Z.); (Q.G.); (C.R.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zhekun Zhao
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (S.Z.); (Q.G.); (C.R.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (S.Z.); (Q.G.); (C.R.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jianping Xu
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
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Hassan RA, Shafi ME, Attia KM, Assar MH. Influence of Oyster Mushroom Waste on Growth Performance, Immunity and Intestinal Morphology Compared With Antibiotics in Broiler Chickens. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:333. [PMID: 32596274 PMCID: PMC7300226 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oyster mushroom waste (OMW) is a by-product of the agriculture industry with valuable antimicrobial, antioxidant, antifungal, and prebiotic properties. This by-product might be a useful alternative to antibiotic growth stimulators in poultry nutrition. The purpose of this research was to test the impact of OMW on the immune responses and on the morphology of intestine of broiler chickens. Four dietary therapies with five replicas of 15 birds in each, totalling 300 day- Ross 308 broiler chickens, were utilized in this study. Control chickens were fed a mixed diet that included a maize-soybean meal complemented by 1 and 2% OMW in addition to the basal diet. Furthermore, Enramycin (125 g/kg) was added to the control diet as an antibiotic. Throughout this experiment, performance was studied as well as the immune response to the Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) and intestinal morphological traits. A substantial surge was noted in body weight gain (BWG) and feed intake (FI) of chickens after the addition of 1% OMW (p ≤ 0.05). In contrast, feed supplementation with 2% OMW, compared with the control diet, produced no noteworthy increase in BWG or the feed conversion rate (FCR). Antibiotic addition, on the other hand, increased serum cholesterol (p ≤ 0.05). After 42 days, neither OMW nor antibiotic addition affected organ mass. In contrast, antibiotic addition reduced the small intestine percentage, crypt depth and villus height (p ≤ 0.05). The Newcastle disease vaccine (NDV) antibody titer improved after feed supplementation with 1% OMW comparing with the control and antibiotic diet group. Furthermore, OMW supplementation decreased the heterophil-to-lymphocyte H/L ratio (p ≤ 0.05). The use of OMW led to a reduction in the malondialdehyde (MDA) content of the breast and liver and an increase in glutathione peroxidase. It helped to reduce glutathione, glutathione reductase, and glutathione S-transferase. In conclusion, the impact of OMW were dose-dependent, and the use of 1% OMW in broiler diets enhanced their growth and immunity. Nonetheless, supplementation with 2% OMW produced conflicting results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reda A Hassan
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Giza, Egypt
| | - Manal E Shafi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Zoology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalil M Attia
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H Assar
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Giza, Egypt
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Li LQ, Song AX, Yin JY, Siu KC, Wong WT, Wu JY. Anti-inflammation activity of exopolysaccharides produced by a medicinal fungus Cordyceps sinensis Cs-HK1 in cell and animal models. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 149:1042-1050. [PMID: 32035153 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study was to assess the anti-inflammatory potential of exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced by a medicinal fungus Cordyceps sinensis Cs-HK1. The EPS was isolated from the Cs-HK1 mycelial fermentation broth by ethanol precipitation and purified by deproteinization and dialysis. The EPS had a total sugar content of 74.8% and a maximum average molecular weight (MW) over 107 Da, and consisted mainly of glucose and mannose, and a small amount of galactose and ribose. In THP-1 and RAW264.7 cell cultures, EPS significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses of the cells including the release of NF-κB and several pro-inflammatory factors such as NO, TNF-α and IL-1β. In the murine model of LPS-induced acute intestinal injury, the oral administration of EPS to the animals effectively suppressed the expression of major inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10 and iNOS and alleviated the intestinal injury. The results suggest that the Cs-HK1 EPS has notable anti-inflammatory activity and can be a potential candidate for further development of new anti-septic therapeutics. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the anti-inflammation of an EPS from C. sinensis fungal fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Qing Li
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation) in Shenzhen, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Ang-Xin Song
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation) in Shenzhen, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Jun-Yi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Ka-Chai Siu
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation) in Shenzhen, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Wing-Tak Wong
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation) in Shenzhen, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Jian-Yong Wu
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation) in Shenzhen, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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22
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Sharma C, Bhardwaj N, Sharma A, Tuli HS, Batra P, Beniwal V, Gupta GK, Sharma AK. Bioactive metabolites of Ganoderma lucidum: Factors, mechanism and broad spectrum therapeutic potential. J Herb Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2019.100268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Goyal M, Baranwal M, Pandey SK, Reddy MS. Hetero-Polysaccharides Secreted from Dunaliella salina Exhibit Immunomodulatory Activity Against Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and RAW 264.7 Macrophages. Indian J Microbiol 2019; 59:428-435. [PMID: 31762505 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-019-00818-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Several species of microalgae have been known to produce exopolysaccharides (EPS) with potential immune activity. In the present investigation, ethyl acetate fraction of crude EPS secreted by Dunaliella salina was explored for immunomodulatory activity against peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and RAW 264.7 macrophages. Effect of EPS on cell growth and cytokines production were measured using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and ELISA respectively. Griess reagent was used for measuring the nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 macrophages. FTIR analysis and mass spectroscopy were carried out for the characterization. Ethyl acetate fraction exhibited dose dependent increase in proliferative index and cytokines production (IFN-γ, TNF-α, TGF-β). At low concentration (250 and 500 µg/mL), it showed growth inhibition and at higher concentration (1000 and 1500 µg/mL), it enhanced the cell growth. Interestingly, the pronounced increased TNF-α production was observed in ethyl acetate fraction treated PBMC cells at higher concentration (750 and 1000 µg/mL) indicating the immunostimulatory effect. In RAW cells, concentration dependent diminished cell growth (IC50 = 691 µg/mL) and nitric oxide production (IC50 = 630 µg/mL) was observed. FTIR analysis showed the presence of polysaccharides due to the detection of hydroxyl (-OH), Carbonyl (C-O) and alkyl (C-H) groups. Mass spectroscopy results revealed ethyl acetate fraction as penta-saccharide (m/z = 887.56 and 886.54) which are confirmed to be hetero-polysaccharides consisting of hexoses and pentoses along with association of ions. These results suggest that penta-saccharide (ethyl acetate fraction) isolated from D. salina may have the potential to be used for therapeutic purpose as immunomodulatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehendi Goyal
- 1Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab 147004 India
| | - Manoj Baranwal
- 1Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab 147004 India
| | - Satyendra Kumar Pandey
- 2Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Mondem Sudhakara Reddy
- 1Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab 147004 India
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Duru KC, Kovaleva EG, Danilova IG, Bijl P. The pharmacological potential and possible molecular mechanisms of action ofInonotus obliquusfrom preclinical studies. Phytother Res 2019; 33:1966-1980. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kingsley C. Duru
- Department of Technology for Organic SynthesisUral Federal University Yekaterinburg Russia
| | - Elena G. Kovaleva
- Department of Technology for Organic SynthesisUral Federal University Yekaterinburg Russia
| | - Irina G. Danilova
- Department of Technology for Organic SynthesisUral Federal University Yekaterinburg Russia
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural BranchRussia Academy of Science Yekaterinburg Russia
| | - Pieter Bijl
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesStellenbosch University Cape Town South Africa
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25
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Suraiya S, Jang WJ, Cho HJ, Choi YB, Park HD, Kim JM, Kong IS. Immunomodulatory Effects of Monascus spp.-Fermented Sacccharina japonica Extracts on the Cytokine Gene Expression of THP-1 Cells. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 188:498-513. [PMID: 30536032 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-02930-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The immunomodulatory effects of Monascus-fermented Saccharina japonica extract on anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines gene expression of THP-1 cells were evaluated. Extracts of fermented samples showed higher phenolic, flavonoid, protein, and reducing sugar contents than unfermented one. Fermented samples were rich in many bioactive compounds determined by GC-MS analyses and showed cell viability greater than 85% in MTS assay. Regarding the anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory activities of the different samples, Q-PCR analyses revealed that IL-10 gene expression in THP-1 cells was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in cells treated with the SjMp or SjMk sample than those treated with the unfermented sample. Cells treated with the SjMp extract or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher relative gene expression of IL-4 cytokine than cells treated with SjMk or SjU extracts. The relative gene expression of IFN-α was higher in cells treated with SjMp followed by LPS, SjMk, and SjU. TGF-β expression was higher in LPS-stimulated cells followed by SjMk and other samples. Cells treated with SjMp exhibited significantly higher pro-inflammatory (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and NF-κB) cytokine gene expression than cells treated with SjU. These results revealed that extracts from S. japonica fermented with Monascus spp. regulate cytokine gene expression. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmin Suraiya
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Bioscience, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Won Je Jang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Jin Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Bin Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Dae Park
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Man Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, 50, Daehak-ro, Yeosu, 59626, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Soo Kong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea.
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Zhou FF, Zhang YD, Zhang Q, Lu J, Liu Y, Wang JH. Structure characterization and immunological activity of a β-glucan from White H. marmoreus and its silver nanoparticle derivatives. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 210:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Barley β-glucan accelerates wound healing by favoring migration versus proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 210:389-398. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.01.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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28
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Ukaegbu C, Shah S, Hazrulrizawati A, Alara O. Acetone extract of Flammulina velutipes caps: A promising source of antioxidant and anticancer agents. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjbas.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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29
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Sharif S, Atta A, Huma T, Shah AA, Afzal G, Rashid S, Shahid M, Mustafa G. Anticancer, antithrombotic, antityrosinase, and anti-α-glucosidase activities of selected wild and commercial mushrooms from Pakistan. Food Sci Nutr 2018; 6:2170-2176. [PMID: 30510718 PMCID: PMC6261167 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms have been accepted as nutraceutical foods because of their high nutritional and functional values. They have also gained interest due to their medicinal properties, economic importance, and organoleptic merit. In this study, wild Ganoderma lucidum and four commercial mushrooms, that is, Pleurotus ostreatus, Volvariella volvacea, Hericium erinaceus, and Lentinus edodes from Pakistan were screened for their biological activities such as anticancer, antityrosinase, anti-α-glucosidase, and antithrombotic activities from their methanol, ethanol, and water extracts. Enzyme inhibition assay showed that selected mushrooms are potent inhibitors with %age inhibition ranging from 19.00% to 80.91%, and 32.85% to 83.38% for tyrosinase and α-glucosidase, respectively. The best tyrosinase inhibition was shown by P. ostreatus whereas L. edodes was found best as α-glucosidase inhibitor. These mushrooms were tested against cancer cell lines including HT-29 colon and H-1299 lungs carcinoma cell lines. G. lucidum showed 29% and 24% viability of cells against HT-29 and H-1299 cell lines, respectively. This antiproliferative effect was in dose-dependent manner, and the maximum inhibition was observed at 200 μg/ml. Mushrooms extracts were also found effective against clot lysis. The percentage of clot lysis was in the range of 27%-29%. The research would provide knowledge to the people of Pakistan about the importance of locally available commercial mushrooms and wild mushrooms for health improvement and prevention against different kinds of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaira Sharif
- Department of Biochemistry and BiotechnologyUniversity of GujratGujratPakistan
| | - Asia Atta
- Department of BiochemistryBahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultanPakistan
| | - Tayyaba Huma
- Department of Bioinformatics and BiotechnologyGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Asad Ali Shah
- Department of Bioinformatics and BiotechnologyGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Gulnaz Afzal
- Department of Life SciencesThe Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpurPakistan
| | - Saira Rashid
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Agriculture FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Agriculture FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Ghulam Mustafa
- Department of BiochemistryGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
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30
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Molecular identification of some wild Nigerian mushrooms using internal transcribed spacer: polymerase chain reaction. AMB Express 2018; 8:148. [PMID: 30238175 PMCID: PMC6146970 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0661-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of fungal species based on morphological characteristics is tedious, complex, prone to errors, and thus cannot be completely relied upon. In this study, internal transcribed spacers (ITS 1 and 4)-polymerase chain reaction was employed to amplify DNA of 19 mushroom isolates collected at Environmental Pollution Science and Technology farm, Ilesa, Southwest Nigeria. The PCR amplification of ITS1 and 4 of the mushrooms isolates yielded approximately 850 bp. Amplicons obtained were sequenced and identified using BLASTn in the NCBI. The BLASTn results revealed that Termitomyces aurantiacus (3), Tricholoma matsutake (8), Tricholoma robustum (2), P. ostreatus (4), Schizophyllum commune (1) and Pleurotus pulmonarius (1) were fully represented. Only Tricholoma matsutake (KT273371), Pleurotus pulmonarius (KY962469) and Tricholoma matsutake (AF438605) had 100% similarity with reference strain. However, the phylogenetic analysis of the isolates showed low genetic relatedness with reference strains. This study revealed the novelty of the mushroom strains and thus advocating the need for strict conservation measures and further investigations on their potential benefits to mankind.
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31
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Zhang L, Lin D, Li H, Yu S, Bai J, Ding Z, Wu J. Immunopotentiating effect of Inonotus obliquus fermentation products administered at vaccination in chickens. Mol Cell Probes 2018; 41:43-51. [PMID: 30227259 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination is an important approach for the control of avian viral diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immune-potentiating effect of oral administration of Inonotus obliquus fermentation products (IOFP) at vaccination in chickens. In total, 120 one-day-old specific-pathogen-free chickens were randomly assigned to six groups: groups 1 to 3 were vaccinated with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) LaSota live vaccine via intranasal and eye-dropped route at seven days of age, and boosted two weeks later. Before each immunization, chickens in groups 1 and 2 were orally administered 0.8% IOFP and 0.2% astragalus polysaccharide (APS) in their diets, respectively, for seven consecutive days and group 3 was fed with commercial diet. At the same time, group 4, 5 and 6 were inoculated in the same manner with PBS and fed with commercial diet, containing 0.8% IOFP and 0.2% APS diet, respectively, as negative controls. At 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days post-inoculation (dpi) firstly, the temporal changes in serum Newcastle disease hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and neutralizing antibody titers were determined. Meanwhile, proliferations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from each group in response to concanavalin A stimulation and the expression levels of Th1-type (IFN-γ) and Th2-type (IL-4) cytokines were determined by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, and ELISA methods. On days 0, 14 and 28 after the first vaccination, the percentages of CD3+, CD3+CD8+, and CD3+CD4+ T lymphocytes were detected by flow cytometry. At 35 dpi, a challenge test was carried out and protective efficacy was determined. Results showed that oral administration of IOFP could significantly enhance ND HI and neutralizing antibody titers, proliferation of PBMCs, proportions of CD3+, CD3+CD8+, and CD3+CD4+ T lymphocytes, as well as the ratio of Th1/Th2, and all of these values were superior to those seen with APS as a positive control, and other groups. Therefore, IOFP possesses significant immune-potentiating properties in chickens and may be a more economical and convenient oral adjuvant to improve vaccination in avian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, No.8, Sangyuan Road, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Dongmei Lin
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, 199, Guangming South Street, Handan, Hebei, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, No.8, Sangyuan Road, Jinan, Shandong, China; College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, 199, Guangming South Street, Handan, Hebei, China
| | - Sen Yu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, No.8, Sangyuan Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Junping Bai
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, No.8, Sangyuan Road, Jinan, Shandong, China; College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, 199, Guangming South Street, Handan, Hebei, China
| | - Zhiyong Ding
- Qinhuangdao Gaotong Bio-tech Co., Ltd, 83, Wufengshan Road, Changli, Hebei, China
| | - Jiaqiang Wu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, No.8, Sangyuan Road, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Ivashchenko O, Przysiecka Ł, Peplińska B, Jarek M, Coy E, Jurga S. Gel with silver and ultrasmall iron oxide nanoparticles produced with Amanita muscaria extract: physicochemical characterization, microstructure analysis and anticancer properties. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13260. [PMID: 30185987 PMCID: PMC6125601 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31686-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Combination therapy remains one of the most promising and intensively developed direction in cancer treatment. This study is aimed to combine and investigate the anticancer properties of silver nanoparticles (NPs) and Amanita muscaria mushroom in gel formulation. For this, hyaluronic acid was used as gel-forming agent, whereas Amanita muscaria extract was used as capping agent during silver and ultrasmall iron oxide (MAg) NPs synthesis. Amanita muscaria compounds formed NP's surface layer and contributed anticancer properties, whereas silver NPs contributed anticancer, fluorescence and photoactive properties to the gel. Physicochemical characterization included X-ray diffraction (XRD), microscopies (SEM, cryo-SEM, TEM, confocal fluorescence), spectrofluorometric method, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques, energy dispersive (EDS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopies, zeta-potential and rheological measurements. Microstructure analysis of hyaluronic acid/MAg NPs gel was performed by cryo-SEM technique. We showed that hyaluronic acid is a perfect gel-forming agent from both biomedical and technological points of view. It is well-mixed with MAg NPs forming stable gel formulation; high homogeneity of hyaluronic acid/MAg NPs gel was shown by SEM EDS elemental mapping. Microstructure of the gel was found to be highly ordered and consisted of domains from perforated parallel tubular structures. This finding expanded our understanding of gels and broke the stereotype of gel structure as chaotic network of fibers. Cytotoxicity studies performed on 2D and 3D HeLa cell cultures pointed to a high potential of hyaluronic acid/MAg NPs gel for local treatment of cancer. Cell response was found to be significantly different for 2D and 3D cell cultures that was related to their different cytoarhitecture and gene expression. Thus, the results of the cellular spheroids viability showed that they were significantly more resistant to the cytotoxic action of MAg NPs and their gel formulation than 2D cell culture. Hyaluronic acid used as gelling agent in gel formulation was found to increase an effectiveness of active components (MAg NPs, Amanita muscaria extract) probably improving their transport inside HeLa spheroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Ivashchenko
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 61614, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Łucja Przysiecka
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 61614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Barbara Peplińska
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 61614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marcin Jarek
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 61614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Emerson Coy
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 61614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Stefan Jurga
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 61614, Poznań, Poland
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Perera N, Yang FL, Lu YT, Li LH, Hua KF, Wu SH. Antrodia cinnamomea Galactomannan Elicits Immuno-stimulatory Activity Through Toll-like Receptor 4. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:1378-1388. [PMID: 30123083 PMCID: PMC6097488 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.24564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Antrodia cinnamomea (A. cinnamomea) is a medicinal fungus used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat different kinds of ailments, including liver diseases, abdominal pain, drug intoxication, diarrhea, itchy skin, hypertension, and cancer. Polysaccharides have been identified as one of the major pharmacologically active ingredients present in A. cinnamomea. The present study aims to investigate the immunoenhancing activity of galactomannan isolated from A. cinnamomea. The cold water-soluble polysaccharide (galactomannan-repeated; MW>70 kDa; named ACP) of A. cinnamomea was isolated, and immunostimulatory properties were studied through different immune cell models including mouse macrophages and human dendritic cells. Through Toll-like receptor 4, ACP stimulated tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in J774A.1 mouse macrophages, mouse peritoneal macrophages and human dendritic cells. It was further identified that ACP elicited its immunostimulatory activity through protein kinase C-α (PKC-α) and mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) phosphorylation. Furthermore, ACP exerted the endotoxin tolerance-like effect through NF-κB inhibition. These findings demonstrate the potential of A. cinnamomea galactomannan as an immunostimulator or an adjuvant in immunotherapy and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namal Perera
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka
| | - Feng-Ling Yang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Tung Lu
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Lan-Hui Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linsen, Chinese Medicine and Kunming Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Feng Hua
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsiung Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
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Ma XK, Ma Y, Peterson EC, Guo WY, Li ZY, Li Y. Structural characterization of two endopolysaccharides from Phellinus sp. and their immunologic effects by intragastric administration in a healthy mammalian model. Food Funct 2018; 9:1224-1234. [PMID: 29384548 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01161j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Two purified endopolysaccharides derived from cultured Phellinus sp., individually named SHIP-1 and 2, were structurally characterized, along with an evaluation of their in vivo influential immunomodulatory activity in a healthy mammalian model. The structure of SHIP-1 was mainly composed of →4)-α-d-Fucp-(1→, →3,6)-α-d-Araf-(1→ and →2,4)-β-d-Galp-(→, with four residuals of α-d-Manp-(1→ and one α-d-Glcp-(1→ as sidegroups, while the planar structure and the heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation of SHIP-2 were not able to be analyzed. Biochemical analysis in the healthy mice model demonstrated that SHIP-1 increased the concentrations of the detected cytokines in a dosage-dependent manner but not in a time-dependent way. SHIP-2 exerted a positive effect in a dose-dependent manner over time for interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin (IL)-2 cytokine production at elevated dosages of 200, or 350 mg kg-1 d-1, while IFN-alpha(α) and IL-4 production was observed only in a dosage-dependent manner even at high dosages. Thus, SHIP-1 and 2 significantly improved the immune response through the intragastric administration of the tested high dosages by increasing the production of cytokines in the healthy mice, and these polysaccharides could possibly be used as an immunopotentiator in health foods or dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Kui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
Due to the increasing problem of drug resistance, new and improved medicines are required. Natural products and biotherapeutics offer a vast resource for new drugs; however, challenges, including the cost and time taken for traditional drug discovery processes and the subsequent lack of investment from the pharmaceutical industry, are associated with these areas. New techniques are producing compounds with appropriate activity at a faster rate. While the formulation of these combined with drug-delivery systems offers a promising approach for expanding the drug developments available to modern medicine. Here, various classes of drug-delivery systems are described and the advantages they bring to small molecule and biotherapeutic targeting are highlighted. This is an attractive approach to the pharmaceutical industry and the rising trend in research in this area is examined in brief. [Formula: see text].
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Ayeka PA. Potential of Mushroom Compounds as Immunomodulators in Cancer Immunotherapy: A Review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2018; 2018:7271509. [PMID: 29849725 PMCID: PMC5937616 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7271509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Since time immemorial, plants and their compounds have been used in the treatment and management of various ailments. Currently, most of conventional drugs used for treatment of diseases are either directly or indirectly obtained from plant sources. The fungal group of plants is of significance, which not only provides food directly to man but also has been source of important drugs. For instance, commonly used antibiotics are derived from fungi. Fungi have also been utilized in the food industry, baking, and alcohol production. Apart from the economic importance of the microfungi, macrofungi have been utilized directly as food, which is usually got from their fruiting bodies, commonly known as mushrooms. Due to their richness in proteins, minerals, and other nutrients, mushrooms have also been associated with boosting the immune system. This makes mushrooms an important food source, especially for vegetarians and immunosuppressed individuals including the HIV/AIDS persons. In complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs), mushrooms are increasingly being accepted for treatment of various diseases. Mushrooms have been shown to have the ability to stimulate the immune system, modulate humoral and cellular immunity, and potentiate antimutagenic and antitumorigenic activity, as well as rejuvenating the immune system weakened by radiotherapy and chemotherapy in cancer treatment. This potential of mushrooms, therefore, qualifies them as candidates for immunomodulation and immunotherapy in cancer and other diseases' treatment. However, a critical review on mushroom's immune modulating potential in cancer has not been sufficiently addressed. This review puts forward insights into the immune activities of mushroom associated with anticancer activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Amwoga Ayeka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536-20115, Egerton, Kenya
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Rajakulendran M, Tham EH, Soh JY, Van Bever HP. Novel strategies in immunotherapy for allergic diseases. Asia Pac Allergy 2018; 8:e14. [PMID: 29732290 PMCID: PMC5931921 DOI: 10.5415/apallergy.2018.8.e14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional immunotherapy (IT) for optimal control of respiratory and food allergies has been fraught with concerns of efficacy, safety, and tolerability. The development of adjuvants to conventional IT has potentially increased the effectiveness and safety of allergen IT, which may translate into improved clinical outcomes and sustained unresponsiveness even after cessation of therapy. Novel strategies incorporating the successful use of adjuvants such as allergoids, immunostimulatory DNA sequences, monoclonal antibodies, carriers, recombinant proteins, and probiotics have now been described in clinical and murine studies. Future approaches may include fungal compounds, parasitic molecules, vitamin D, and traditional Chinese herbs. More robust comparative clinical trials are needed to evaluate the safety, clinical efficacy, and cost effectiveness of various adjuvants in order to determine ideal candidates in disease-specific and allergen-specific models. Other suggested approaches to further optimize outcomes of IT include early introduction of IT during an optimal window period. Alternative routes of administration of IT to optimize delivery and yet minimize potential side effects require further evaluation for safety and efficacy before they can be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohana Rajakulendran
- Khoo Teck Puat - National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119229
| | - Elizabeth Huiwen Tham
- Khoo Teck Puat - National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119229.,Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119229
| | - Jian Yi Soh
- Khoo Teck Puat - National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119229.,Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119229
| | - H P Van Bever
- Khoo Teck Puat - National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119229.,Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119229
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Mustonen AM, Määttänen M, Kärjä V, Puukka K, Aho J, Saarela S, Nieminen P. Myo- and cardiotoxic effects of the wild winter mushroom ( Flammulina velutipes) on mice. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2018; 243:639-644. [PMID: 29495884 DOI: 10.1177/1535370218762340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyolysis (destruction of striated muscle) is a novel form of mushroom poisoning in Europe and Asia indicated by increased circulating creatine kinase levels. Particular wild fungi have also been reported to induce elevated creatine kinase activities in mice. Flammulina velutipes (enokitake or winter mushroom) is one of the most actively cultivated mushroom species globally. As it is marketed as a medicinal mushroom and functional food, it is important to examine whether it could induce potentially harmful health effects similar to some previously studied edible fungi. The present study examined the effects of F. velutipes consumption on the plasma clinical chemistry, hematology, and organ histology of laboratory mice. Wild F. velutipes were dried, pulverized, mixed with a regular laboratory rodent diet, and fed to the animals at 0, 3, 6, or 9 g/kg body mass/day for five days ( n = 6/group). F. velutipes consumption caused increased activities of plasma creatine kinase and the MB-fraction of creatine kinase at 6-9 g/kg/d, indicating potentially deleterious effects on both skeletal and cardiac muscle. The plasma total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations (at 9 g/kg/d) and white blood cell and lymphocyte counts (at 6-9 g/kg/d) decreased. Although the cholesterol-lowering properties of F. velutipes can be beneficial, the previously unexamined, potentially hazardous side effects of mushroom consumption (myo- and cardiotoxicity) should be thoroughly investigated before recommending this mushroom species as a health-promoting food item. Impact statement This work is important to the field of functional foods, as it provides novel information about the potential myo- and cardiotoxic properties of an edible mushroom, Flammulina velutipes. The results are useful and of importance because F. velutipes is an actively cultivated mushroom and marketed as a health-promoting food item. The findings contribute to the understanding of the complexity of the balance between the beneficial and potentially harmful effects of mushroom consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Mari Mustonen
- 1 Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio FI-70211, Finland.,2 Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu FI-80101, Finland
| | - Maija Määttänen
- 3 Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Vesa Kärjä
- 4 Department of Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio FI-70211, Finland
| | - Katri Puukka
- 5 NordLab Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu FI-90029, Finland.,6 Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu FI-90014, Finland
| | - Jari Aho
- 7 Municipal Veterinary Clinic of Joensuu, Joensuu FI-80110, Finland
| | - Seppo Saarela
- 8 Department of Ecology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, Oulu FI-90014, Finland
| | - Petteri Nieminen
- 1 Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio FI-70211, Finland.,2 Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu FI-80101, Finland
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Liu CP, Zhang X, Tan QL, Xu WX, Zhou CY, Luo M, Li X, Huang RY, Zeng X. NF-κB pathways are involved in M1 polarization of RAW 264.7 macrophage by polyporus polysaccharide in the tumor microenvironment. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188317. [PMID: 29155869 PMCID: PMC5695768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is one of the most malignant tumors closely associated with macrophages. Polyporus polysaccharide (PPS) has shown excellent efficacy in treating bladder cancer with minimal side effects. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of PPS in inhibiting bladder cancer remain unclear. In this study, we used macrophages cultured alone or with T24 human bladder cancer cell culture supernatant as study models. We found that PPS enhanced the activities of IFN-γ-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, as shown by the release of inducible nitric oxide synthase (INOS), secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6, phagocytosis activity, as well as expression of M1 phenotype indicators, such as CD40, CD284 and CD86. PPS acted upstream in activation cascade of nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathways by interfering with IκB phosphorylation. In addition, PPS regulated NF-κB (P65) signaling by interfering with Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4, INOS and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. Our results indicate that PPS activates macrophages through TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ping Liu
- Department of Integrated Chinese medicine immunization and Section Rheumatology Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine in Guangzhou University of Chinese medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Department of Integrated Chinese medicine immunization and Section Rheumatology Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Long Tan
- Department of Integrated Chinese medicine immunization and Section Rheumatology Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Xing Xu
- Department of Integrated Chinese medicine immunization and Section Rheumatology Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang-Yuan Zhou
- Department of Integrated Chinese medicine immunization and Section Rheumatology Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Luo
- Department of Integrated Chinese medicine immunization and Section Rheumatology Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiong Li
- Department of Integrated Chinese medicine immunization and Section Rheumatology Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Run-Yue Huang
- Department of Integrated Chinese medicine immunization and Section Rheumatology Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine in Guangzhou University of Chinese medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (XZ); (RYH)
| | - Xing Zeng
- Department of Integrated Chinese medicine immunization and Section Rheumatology Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine in Guangzhou University of Chinese medicine, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (XZ); (RYH)
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Kanjan P, Sahasrabudhe NM, de Haan BJ, de Vos P. Immune effects of β-glucan are determined by combined effects on Dectin-1, TLR2, 4 and 5. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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41
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Li Q, Wang Y, Chen Y, Teng M, He J, Wang X, Kong F, Teng L, Wang D. Investigation of the immunomodulatory activity of Tricholoma matsutake mycelium in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:4320-4326. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Ohiri RC. GC/MS analysis of Tremella fuciformis (White jelly mushrooms) oil. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj89.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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43
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Mleczek M, Siwulski M, Rzymski P, Niedzielski P, Gąsecka M, Jasińska A, Budzyńska S, Budka A. Multi-elemental analysis of Lentinula edodes mushrooms available in trade. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2017; 52:196-205. [PMID: 28121274 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2017.1261551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the content of 62 elements in the fruiting bodies of Lentinula edodes (Shiitake mushroom) cultivated commercially in Poland on various substrates from 2007-2015. The general mean content (mg kg-1 dry weight (DW)) of the studied elements ranked in the following order: K (26,335) > P (11,015) > Mg (2,284) > Ca (607) > Na (131) > Zn (112) > Fe (69) > Mn (33) > B (32) > Rb (17) > Cu (14.5) > Al (11.2) > Te (2.9) > As (1.80) > Cd (1.76) > Ag (1.73) > Nd (1.70) > Sr (1.46) > Se (1.41) > U (1.11) > Pt (0.90) > Ce (0.80) > Ba (0.61) > Co (0.59) > Tl (0.58) > Er (0.50) > Pb (0.42) > Li (0.40) > Pr (0.39) > Ir (0.37) > In (0.35) > Mo (0.31) > Cr (0.29) > Ni (0.28) > Sb (0.26) > Re (0.24) > Ti (0.19) > Bi (0.18) > Th (0.12) > La (0.10) = Pd (0.10) > Os (0.09) = Zr (0.09) > Rh (0.08) > Ho (0.07) > Ru (0.06) > Sm (0.04) = Eu (0.04) = Tm (0.04) > Gd (0.03) > Sc (0.02) = Y (0.02) > Lu (0.01) = Yb (0.01) = V (0.01). The contents of Au, Be, Dy, Ga, Ge, Hf, and Tb were below the limits of detection (0.02, 0.02, 0.01, 0.01, 0.01, 0.01, 0.02 mg kg-1 respectively). The concentrations of Al, As, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cr, Er, Fe, In, Lu, Mn, Nd, Sr, Ti, Tm, and Zr were comparable over the period the mushrooms were cultivated. The study revealed that Lentinula edodes contained As and Cd at levels potentially adverse to human health. This highlights the need to monitor these elements in food products obtained from this mushroom species and ensure that only low levels of these elements are present in cultivation substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosław Mleczek
- a Department of Chemistry , Poznań University of Life Sciences , Poznań , Poland
| | - Marek Siwulski
- b Department of Vegetable Crops , Poznań University of Life Sciences , Poznań , Poland
| | - Piotr Rzymski
- c Department of Environmental Medicine , University of Medical Sciences , Poznan , Poland
| | | | - Monika Gąsecka
- a Department of Chemistry , Poznań University of Life Sciences , Poznań , Poland
| | - Agnieszka Jasińska
- b Department of Vegetable Crops , Poznań University of Life Sciences , Poznań , Poland
| | - Sylwia Budzyńska
- a Department of Chemistry , Poznań University of Life Sciences , Poznań , Poland
| | - Anna Budka
- e Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods , Poznan University of Life Sciences , Poznań , Poland
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Woods N, Niwasabutra K, Acevedo R, Igoli J, Altwaijry N, Tusiimire J, Gray A, Watson D, Ferro V. Natural Vaccine Adjuvants and Immunopotentiators Derived From Plants, Fungi, Marine Organisms, and Insects. IMMUNOPOTENTIATORS IN MODERN VACCINES 2017. [PMCID: PMC7148613 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-804019-5.00011-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Immunopotentiators derived from different natural sources are under investigation with varying success. This chapter gives an overview of developments from plants, fungi, marine organisms, and insects. Plant-derived immune stimulators consist of a diverse range of small molecules or large polysaccharides. Notable examples that have been assessed in both preclinical and clinical trials include saponins, tomatine, and inulin. Similarly, fungi produce a range of potential candidate molecules, with β-glucans showing the most promise. Other complex molecules that have established adjuvant activity include α-galactosylceramide (originally obtained from a marine sponge), chitosan (commonly produced from chitin from shrimps), and peptides (found in bee venom). Some organisms, for example, endophytic fungi and bees, produce immunostimulants using compounds obtained from plants. The main challenges facing this type of research and tools being developed to overcome them are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Woods
- University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
| | | | | | - J. Igoli
- University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland,University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
| | | | | | - A.I. Gray
- University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - D.G. Watson
- University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - V.A. Ferro
- University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
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Antimicrobial Potential, Identification and Phylogenetic Affiliation of Wild Mushrooms from Two Sub-Tropical Semi-Evergreen Indian Forest Ecosystems. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166368. [PMID: 27902725 PMCID: PMC5130189 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity of wild mushrooms was investigated from two protected forest areas in India and 231 mushroom specimens were morphologically identified. Among them, 76 isolates were screened for their antimicrobial potential against seven bacterial and fungal pathogens. Out of 76 isolates, 45 isolates which displayed significant antimicrobial activities were identified using ITS rRNA gene amplification and subsequently phylogenetically characterized using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Sequencing of the ITS rRNA region classified the isolates into 16 genera belonging to 11 families. In total, 11 RAPD and 10 ISSR primers were selected to evaluate genetic diversity based on their banding profile produced. In total 337 RAPD and 312 ISSR bands were detected, among which percentage of polymorphism ranges from 34.2% to 78.8% and 38.6% to 92.4% by using RAPD and ISSR primers respectively. Unweighted Pair-Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) trees of selected two methods were structured similarly, grouping the 46 isolates into two clusters which clearly showed a significant genetic distance among the different strains of wild mushroom, with an similarity coefficient ranges from 0.58 to 1.00 and 0.59 to 1.00 with RAPD and ISSR analysis respectively. This reporthas highlighted both DTR and MNP forests provide a habitat for diverse macrofungal species, therefore having the potential to be used for the discovery of antimicrobials. The report has also demonstrated that both RAPD and ISSR could efficiently differentiate wild mushrooms and could thus be considered as efficient markers for surveying genetic diversity. Additionally, selected six wild edible mushroom strains (Schizophyllum commune BPSM01, Panusgiganteus BPSM27, Pleurotussp. BPSM34, Lentinussp. BPSM37, Pleurotusdjamor BPSM41 and Lentinula sp. BPSM45) were analysed for their nutritional (proteins, carbohydrates, fat and ash content), antioxidant potential. The present findings also suggested that the wild edible mushroom strains do not have only nutritional values but also can be used as an accessible source of natural antioxidants.
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Wilbers RHP, Westerhof LB, van de Velde J, Smant G, van Raaij DR, Sonnenberg ASM, Bakker J, Schots A. Physical Interaction of T Cells with Dendritic Cells Is Not Required for the Immunomodulatory Effects of the Edible Mushroom Agaricus subrufescens. Front Immunol 2016; 7:519. [PMID: 27920777 PMCID: PMC5118454 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms are well known for their immunomodulating capacities. However, little is known about how mushroom-stimulated dendritic cells (DCs) affect T cells. Therefore, we investigated the effect of mushroom compounds derived from seven edible mushroom species on DCs, their fate in DCs, and the effect of the mushroom-stimulated DCs on T cells. Each mushroom species stimulated DCs in a different manner as was revealed from the DC’s cytokine response. Assessing DC maturation revealed that only one mushroom species, Agaricus subrufescens, induced complete DC maturation. The other six mushroom species upregulated MHC-II and CD86 expression, but did not significantly affect the expression of CD40 and CD11c. Nevertheless, mushroom compounds of all investigated mushroom species are endocytosed by DCs. Endocytosis is most likely mediated by C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) because CLR binding is Ca2+ dependent, and EGTA reduces TNF-α secretion with more than 90%. Laminarin partly inhibited TNF-α secretion indicating that the CLR dectin-1, among other CLRs, is involved in binding mushroom compounds. Stimulated DCs were shown to stimulate T cells; however, physical contact of DCs and T cells is not required. Because CLRs seem to play a prominent role in DC stimulation, mushrooms may function as a carbohydrate containing adjuvant to be used in conjunction with anti-fungal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruud H P Wilbers
- Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre , Wageningen , Netherlands
| | - Lotte B Westerhof
- Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre , Wageningen , Netherlands
| | - Jan van de Velde
- Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre , Wageningen , Netherlands
| | - Geert Smant
- Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre , Wageningen , Netherlands
| | - Debbie R van Raaij
- Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre , Wageningen , Netherlands
| | - Anton S M Sonnenberg
- Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre , Wageningen , Netherlands
| | - Jaap Bakker
- Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre , Wageningen , Netherlands
| | - Arjen Schots
- Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre , Wageningen , Netherlands
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Kawakami S, Araki T, Ohba K, Sasaki K, Kamada T, Shimada KI, Han KH, Fukushima M. Comparison of the effect of two types of whole mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) powders on intestinal fermentation in rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:2001-6. [PMID: 27309965 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1196573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The effects of two types of mushroom (Agaricus bisporus; white, WM; brown, BM) powders on intestinal fermentation in rats were investigated in terms of the physical characteristics of animals and by bacterial and HPLC analyses of cecal contents. Short-chain fatty acid levels were found to be significantly higher in the WM group than in the BM and the control (CN) groups; coliform bacteria levels in the BM group were significantly lower than those in the CN group, with the WM group inducing an apparent but insignificant decrease in coliforms. Anaerobe levels in the WM group were significantly higher than those in the CN group and, compared with the CN group, the BM and WM groups exhibited significantly increased feces weight and cecum weight, respectively. These results indicate that the mushroom powders, and in particular the WM powder, have beneficial effects on the intestinal environment in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakura Kawakami
- a Department of Food Science , Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine , Obihiro , Japan
| | - Takahiro Araki
- a Department of Food Science , Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine , Obihiro , Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ohba
- b Public Interest Incorporated Foundation, Tokachi Foundation , Obihiro , Japan
| | - Keiko Sasaki
- b Public Interest Incorporated Foundation, Tokachi Foundation , Obihiro , Japan
| | - Takeo Kamada
- c Kamada Corporation Co., Ltd. , Sakaide , Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Shimada
- a Department of Food Science , Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine , Obihiro , Japan
| | - Kyu-Ho Han
- a Department of Food Science , Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine , Obihiro , Japan
| | - Michihiro Fukushima
- a Department of Food Science , Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine , Obihiro , Japan
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49
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Kosanić M, Ranković B, Rančić A, Stanojković T. Evaluation of metal concentration and antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer potentials of two edible mushrooms Lactarius deliciosus and Macrolepiota procera. J Food Drug Anal 2016; 24:477-484. [PMID: 28911552 PMCID: PMC9336663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is designed for the determination of metal concentrations, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer potential of two edible mushrooms Lactarius deliciosus and Macrolepiota procera. Concentrations of nine metals are determined and all metals are present in the allowable concentrations in the tested mushrooms except Cd in M. procera. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by free radical scavenging and reducing power. M. procera extract had more potent free radical scavenging activity (IC50=311.40 μg/mL) than L. deliciosus extract. Moreover, the tested extracts had effective reducing power. The total content of phenol in the extracts was examined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and obtained values expressed as pyrocatechol equivalents. Further, the antimicrobial potential was determined with a microdilution method on 15 microorganisms. Among the tested species, extract of L. deliciosus showed a better antimicrobial activity with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 2.5 mg/mL to 20 mg/mL. Finally, the cytotoxic activity was tested using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method on human epithelial carcinoma HeLa cells, human lung carcinoma A549 cells, and human colon carcinoma LS174 cells. Extract of both mushrooms expressed similar cytotoxic activity with IC50 values ranging from 19.01 μg/mL to 80.27 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijana Kosanić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac,
Serbia
- Corresponding author. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia. E-mail address: (M. Kosanić)
| | - Branislav Ranković
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac,
Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Rančić
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac,
Serbia
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Antifatigue Activity of Liquid Cultured Tricholoma matsutake Mycelium Partially via Regulation of Antioxidant Pathway in Mouse. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:562345. [PMID: 26697489 PMCID: PMC4677160 DOI: 10.1155/2015/562345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tricholoma matsutake has been popular as food and biopharmaceutical materials in Asian countries for its various pharmacological activities. The present study aims to analyze the antifatigue effects on enhancing exercise performance of Tricholoma matsutake fruit body (ABM) and liquid cultured mycelia (TM) in mouse model. Two-week Tricholoma matsutake treatment significantly enhances the exercise performance in weight-loaded swimming, rotating rod, and forced running test. In TM- and ABM-treated mice, some factors were observed at 60 min after swimming compared with nontreated mice, such as the increased levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), antioxidative enzymes, and glycogen and the reduced levels of malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species in muscle, liver, and/or serum. Further data obtained from western blot show that CM and ABM have strongly enhanced the activation of 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and the expressions of peroxisome proliferator have activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) in liver. Our data suggest that both Tricholoma matsutake fruit body and liquid cultured mycelia possess antifatigue effects related to AMPK-linked antioxidative pathway. The information uncovered in our study may serve as a valuable resource for further identification and provide experimental evidence for clinical trials of Tricholoma matsutake as an effective agent against fatigue related diseases.
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