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Naveed K, Rashidi-Ranjbar N, Kumar S, Zomorrodi R, Blumberger DM, Fischer CE, Sanches M, Mulsant BH, Pollock BG, Voineskos AN, Rajji TK. Effect of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex structural measures on neuroplasticity and response to paired-associative stimulation in Alzheimer's dementia. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230233. [PMID: 38853564 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Long-term potentiation (LTP)-like activity can be induced by stimulation protocols such as paired associative stimulation (PAS). We aimed to determine whether PAS-induced LTP-like activity (PAS-LTP) of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is associated with cortical thickness and other structural measures impaired in Alzheimer's dementia (AD). We also explored longitudinal relationships between these brain structures and PAS-LTP response after a repetitive PAS (rPAS) intervention. Mediation and regression analyses were conducted using data from randomized controlled trials with AD and healthy control participants. PAS-electroencephalography assessed DLPFC PAS-LTP. DLPFC thickness and surface area were acquired from T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity (MD) of the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF)-a tract important to induce PAS-LTP-were measured with diffusion-weighted imaging. AD participants exhibited reduced DLPFC thickness and increased SLF MD. There was also some evidence that reduction in DLPFC thickness mediates DLPFC PAS-LTP impairment. Longitudinal analyses showed preliminary evidence that SLF MD, and to a lesser extent DLPFC thickness, is associated with DLPFC PAS-LTP response to active rPAS. This study expands our understanding of the relationships between brain structural changes and neuroplasticity. It provides promising evidence for a structural predictor to improving neuroplasticity in AD with neurostimulation. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Long-term potentiation: 50 years on'.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Naveed
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Cir , Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, University of Toronto, 250 College Street , Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - N Rashidi-Ranjbar
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Cir , Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, University of Toronto, 250 College Street , Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, 209 Victoria Street , Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - S Kumar
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Cir , Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, University of Toronto, 250 College Street , Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, 479 Spadina Avenue , Toronto, Ontario M5S 2S1, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 250 College Street , Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - R Zomorrodi
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Cir , Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, 479 Spadina Avenue , Toronto, Ontario M5S 2S1, Canada
| | - D M Blumberger
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Cir , Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, 479 Spadina Avenue , Toronto, Ontario M5S 2S1, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 250 College Street , Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - C E Fischer
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Cir , Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, University of Toronto, 250 College Street , Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, 209 Victoria Street , Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - M Sanches
- Biostatistics Core, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 60 White Squirrel Way , Toronto, Ontario M6J 1H4, Canada
| | - B H Mulsant
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Cir , Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, University of Toronto, 250 College Street , Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, 479 Spadina Avenue , Toronto, Ontario M5S 2S1, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 250 College Street , Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - B G Pollock
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Cir , Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, 479 Spadina Avenue , Toronto, Ontario M5S 2S1, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 250 College Street , Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - A N Voineskos
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Cir , Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, 479 Spadina Avenue , Toronto, Ontario M5S 2S1, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 250 College Street , Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - T K Rajji
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Cir , Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, University of Toronto, 250 College Street , Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, 479 Spadina Avenue , Toronto, Ontario M5S 2S1, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 250 College Street , Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
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Khoury MA, Churchill NW, Di Battista A, Graham SJ, Symons S, Troyer AK, Roberts A, Kumar S, Tan B, Arnott SR, Ramirez J, Tartaglia MC, Borrie M, Pollock B, Rajji TK, Pasternak SH, Frank A, Tang-Wai DF, Scott CJM, Haddad SMH, Nanayakkara N, Orange JB, Peltsch A, Fischer CE, Munoz DG, Schweizer TA. History of traumatic brain injury is associated with increased grey-matter loss in patients with mild cognitive impairment. J Neurol 2024; 271:4540-4550. [PMID: 38717612 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12369-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with greater long-term grey-matter loss in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS 85 patients with MCI were identified, including 26 with a previous history of traumatic brain injury (MCI[TBI-]) and 59 without (MCI[TBI+]). Cortical thickness was evaluated by segmenting T1-weighted MRI scans acquired longitudinally over a 2-year period. Bayesian multilevel modelling was used to evaluate group differences in baseline cortical thickness and longitudinal change, as well as group differences in neuropsychological measures of executive function. RESULTS At baseline, the MCI[TBI+] group had less grey matter within right entorhinal, left medial orbitofrontal and inferior temporal cortex areas bilaterally. Longitudinally, the MCI[TBI+] group also exhibited greater longitudinal declines in left rostral middle frontal, the left caudal middle frontal and left lateral orbitofrontal areas sover the span of 2 years (median = 1-2%, 90%HDI [-0.01%: -0.001%], probability of direction (PD) = 90-99%). The MCI[TBI+] group also displayed greater longitudinal declines in Trail-Making-Test (TMT)-derived ratio (median: 0.737%, 90%HDI: [0.229%: 1.31%], PD = 98.8%) and differences scores (median: 20.6%, 90%HDI: [-5.17%: 43.2%], PD = 91.7%). CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the notion that patients with MCI and a history of TBI are at risk of accelerated neurodegeneration, displaying greatest evidence for cortical atrophy within the left middle frontal and lateral orbitofrontal frontal cortex. Importantly, these results suggest that long-term TBI-mediated atrophy is more pronounced in areas vulnerable to TBI-related mechanical injury, highlighting their potential relevance for diagnostic forms of intervention in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Khoury
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Nathan W Churchill
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Physics Department, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alex Di Battista
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Simon J Graham
- Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sean Symons
- Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Angela K Troyer
- Neuropsychology and Cognitive Health Program, Baycrest Hospital, Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Angela Roberts
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Activity and Aging, London, ON, Canada
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brian Tan
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen R Arnott
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joel Ramirez
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maria C Tartaglia
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Borrie
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- . Joseph's Healthcare Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Bruce Pollock
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tarek K Rajji
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen H Pasternak
- . Joseph's Healthcare Centre, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew Frank
- Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - David F Tang-Wai
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher J M Scott
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- L.C. Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Unit, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | - Joseph B Orange
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- University of Western, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Corinne E Fischer
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David G Munoz
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tom A Schweizer
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science & Tech (iBEST), A Partnership Between St. Michael's Hospital and Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, M5V 1T8, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Poole VN, Ridwan AR, Arfanakis K, Dawe RJ, Seyfried NT, De Jager PL, Schneider JA, Leurgans SE, Yu L, Bennett DA. Associations of brain morphology with cortical proteins of cognitive resilience. Neurobiol Aging 2024; 137:1-7. [PMID: 38394722 PMCID: PMC10949968 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
In a recent proteome-wide study, we identified several candidate proteins for drug discovery whose cortical abundance was associated with cognitive resilience to late-life brain pathologies. This study examines the extent to which these proteins are associated with the brain structures of cognitive resilience in decedents from the Religious Orders Study and Memory and Aging Project. Six proteins were associated with brain morphometric characteristics related to higher resilience (i.e., larger anterior and medial temporal lobe volumes), and five were associated with morphometric characteristics related to lower resilience (i.e., enlarged ventricles). Two synaptic proteins, RPH3A and CPLX1, remained inversely associated with the lower resilience signature, after further controlling for 10 neuropathologic indices. These findings suggest preserved brain structure in periventricular regions as a potential mechanism by which RPH3A and CPLX1 are associated with cognitive resilience. Further work is needed to elucidate other mechanisms by which targeting these proteins can circumvent the effects of pathology on individuals at risk for cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria N Poole
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Abdur R Ridwan
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Konstantinos Arfanakis
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert J Dawe
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Philip L De Jager
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Cell Circuits Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sue E Leurgans
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lei Yu
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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4
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Arakelyan A, Avagyan S, Kurnosov A, Mkrtchyan T, Mkrtchyan G, Zakharyan R, Mayilyan KR, Binder H. Temporal changes of gene expression in health, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 10:19. [PMID: 38368435 PMCID: PMC10874418 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-024-00443-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
The molecular events underlying the development, manifestation, and course of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder span from embryonic life to advanced age. However, little is known about the early dynamics of gene expression in these disorders due to their relatively late manifestation. To address this, we conducted a secondary analysis of post-mortem prefrontal cortex datasets using bioinformatics and machine learning techniques to identify differentially expressed gene modules associated with aging and the diseases, determine their time-perturbation points, and assess enrichment with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) genes. Our findings revealed early, mid, and late deregulation of expression of functional gene modules involved in neurodevelopment, plasticity, homeostasis, and immune response. This supports the hypothesis that multiple hits throughout life contribute to disease manifestation rather than a single early-life event. Moreover, the time-perturbed functional gene modules were associated with genetic loci affecting gene expression, highlighting the role of genetic factors in gene expression dynamics and the development of disease phenotypes. Our findings emphasize the importance of investigating time-dependent perturbations in gene expression before the age of onset in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsen Arakelyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia.
- Armenian Bioinformatics Institute, Yerevan, Armenia.
- Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Russian-Armenian University, Yerevan, Armenia.
| | | | | | - Tigran Mkrtchyan
- Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Russian-Armenian University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | | | - Roksana Zakharyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia
- Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Russian-Armenian University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Karine R Mayilyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Therapeutics, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Traditional Medicine, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Hans Binder
- Armenian Bioinformatics Institute, Yerevan, Armenia
- Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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Cheng CH, Hsieh YW, Chang CC, Hsiao FJ, Chen LF, Wang PN. Effects of 6-Month Combined Physical Exercise and Cognitive Training on Neuropsychological and Neurophysiological Function in Older Adults with Subjective Cognitive Decline: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 100:175-192. [PMID: 38848174 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Background Multidomain intervention may delay or ameliorate cognitive decline in older adults at risk of Alzheimer's disease, particularly in the memory and inhibitory functions. However, no study systematically investigates the changes of brain function in cognitively-normal elderly with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) when they receive multidomain intervention. Objective We aimed to examine whether a multidomain intervention could improve neuropsychological function and neurophysiological activities related to memory and inhibitory function in SCD subjects. Methods Eight clusters with a total of 50 community-dwelling SCD older adults were single-blind, randomized into intervention group, which received physical and cognitive training, or control group, which received treatment as usual. For the neuropsychological function, a composite Z score from six cognitive tests was calculated and compared between two groups. For the neurophysiological activities, event-related potentials (ERPs) of memory function, including mismatch negativity (MMN) and memory-P3, as well as ERPs of inhibitory function, including sensory gating (SG) and inhibition-P3, were measured. Assessments were performed at baseline (T1), end of the intervention (T2), and 6 months after T2 (T3). Results For the neuropsychological function, the effect was not observed after the intervention. For the neurophysiological activities, improved MMN responses of ΔT2-T1 were observed in the intervention group versus the control group. The multidomain intervention produced a sustained effect on memory-P3 latencies of ΔT3-T1. However, there were no significant differences in changes of SG and inhibition-P3 between intervention and control groups. Conclusions While not impactful on neuropsychological function, multidomain intervention enhances specific neurophysiological activities associated with memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsiung Cheng
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Neural Dynamics - BIND Lab, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Hsieh
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Chih Chang
- Department of Neurology, Cognition and Aging Center, Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Jung Hsiao
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Fen Chen
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ning Wang
- Department of Neurological Institute, Division of General Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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6
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Lay-Yee R, Hariri AR, Knodt AR, Barrett-Young A, Matthews T, Milne BJ. Social isolation from childhood to mid-adulthood: is there an association with older brain age? Psychol Med 2023; 53:7874-7882. [PMID: 37485695 PMCID: PMC10755222 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723001964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older brain age - as estimated from structural MRI data - is known to be associated with detrimental mental and physical health outcomes in older adults. Social isolation, which has similar detrimental effects on health, may be associated with accelerated brain aging though little is known about how different trajectories of social isolation across the life course moderate this association. We examined the associations between social isolation trajectories from age 5 to age 38 and brain age assessed at age 45. METHODS We previously created a typology of social isolation based on onset during the life course and persistence into adulthood, using group-based trajectory analysis of longitudinal data from a New Zealand birth cohort. The typology comprises four groups: 'never-isolated', 'adult-only', 'child-only', and persistent 'child-adult' isolation. A brain age gap estimate (brainAGE) - the difference between predicted age from structural MRI date and chronological age - was derived at age 45. We undertook analyses of brainAGE with trajectory group as the predictor, adjusting for sex, family socio-economic status, and a range of familial and child-behavioral factors. RESULTS Older brain age in mid-adulthood was associated with trajectories of social isolation after adjustment for family and child confounders, particularly for the 'adult-only' group compared to the 'never-isolated' group. CONCLUSIONS Although our findings are associational, they indicate that preventing social isolation, particularly in mid-adulthood, may help to avert accelerated brain aging associated with negative health outcomes later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Lay-Yee
- Centre of Methods and Policy Application in the Social Sciences, and School of Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ahmad R. Hariri
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Annchen R. Knodt
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Timothy Matthews
- Department of Social Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Barry J. Milne
- Centre of Methods and Policy Application in the Social Sciences, and School of Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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7
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Marzola P, Melzer T, Pavesi E, Gil-Mohapel J, Brocardo PS. Exploring the Role of Neuroplasticity in Development, Aging, and Neurodegeneration. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1610. [PMID: 38137058 PMCID: PMC10741468 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13121610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroplasticity refers to the ability of the brain to reorganize and modify its neural connections in response to environmental stimuli, experience, learning, injury, and disease processes. It encompasses a range of mechanisms, including changes in synaptic strength and connectivity, the formation of new synapses, alterations in the structure and function of neurons, and the generation of new neurons. Neuroplasticity plays a crucial role in developing and maintaining brain function, including learning and memory, as well as in recovery from brain injury and adaptation to environmental changes. In this review, we explore the vast potential of neuroplasticity in various aspects of brain function across the lifespan and in the context of disease. Changes in the aging brain and the significance of neuroplasticity in maintaining cognitive function later in life will also be reviewed. Finally, we will discuss common mechanisms associated with age-related neurodegenerative processes (including protein aggregation and accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation) and how these processes can be mitigated, at least partially, by non-invasive and non-pharmacologic lifestyle interventions aimed at promoting and harnessing neuroplasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Marzola
- Department of Morphological Sciences and Graduate Neuroscience Program, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil; (P.M.); (T.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Thayza Melzer
- Department of Morphological Sciences and Graduate Neuroscience Program, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil; (P.M.); (T.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Eloisa Pavesi
- Department of Morphological Sciences and Graduate Neuroscience Program, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil; (P.M.); (T.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Joana Gil-Mohapel
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- Island Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Patricia S. Brocardo
- Department of Morphological Sciences and Graduate Neuroscience Program, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil; (P.M.); (T.M.); (E.P.)
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Abokyi S, Ghartey-Kwansah G, Tse DYY. TFEB is a central regulator of the aging process and age-related diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 89:101985. [PMID: 37321382 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Old age is associated with a greater burden of disease, including neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, as well as other chronic diseases. Coincidentally, popular lifestyle interventions, such as caloric restriction, intermittent fasting, and regular exercise, in addition to pharmacological interventions intended to protect against age-related diseases, induce transcription factor EB (TFEB) and autophagy. In this review, we summarize emerging discoveries that point to TFEB activity affecting the hallmarks of aging, including inhibiting DNA damage and epigenetic modifications, inducing autophagy and cell clearance to promote proteostasis, regulating mitochondrial quality control, linking nutrient-sensing to energy metabolism, regulating pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways, inhibiting senescence and promoting cell regenerative capacity. Furthermore, the therapeutic impact of TFEB activation on normal aging and tissue-specific disease development is assessed in the contexts of neurodegeneration and neuroplasticity, stem cell differentiation, immune responses, muscle energy adaptation, adipose tissue browning, hepatic functions, bone remodeling, and cancer. Safe and effective strategies of activating TFEB hold promise as a therapeutic strategy for multiple age-associated diseases and for extending lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Abokyi
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR of China; Research Centre for SHARP Vision, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR of China.
| | - George Ghartey-Kwansah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Dennis Yan-Yin Tse
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR of China; Research Centre for SHARP Vision, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR of China; Centre for Eye and Vision Research, 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR of China.
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Charbonneau JA, Bennett JL, Chau K, Bliss-Moreau E. Reorganization in the macaque interoceptive-allostatic network following anterior cingulate cortex damage. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:4334-4349. [PMID: 36066407 PMCID: PMC10110454 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that the adult brain is capable of significant structural change following damage-a capacity once thought to be largely limited to developing brains. To date, most existing research on adult plasticity has focused on how exteroceptive sensorimotor networks compensate for damage to preserve function. Interoceptive networks-those that represent and process sensory information about the body's internal state-are now recognized to be critical for a wide range of physiological and psychological functions from basic energy regulation to maintaining a sense of self, but the extent to which these networks remain plastic in adulthood has not been established. In this report, we used detailed histological analyses to pinpoint precise changes to gray matter volume in the interoceptive-allostatic network in adult rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) who received neurotoxic lesions of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and neurologically intact control monkeys. Relative to controls, monkeys with ACC lesions had significant and selective unilateral expansion of the ventral anterior insula and significant relative bilateral expansion of the lateral nucleus of the amygdala. This work demonstrates the capacity for neuroplasticity in the interoceptive-allostatic network which, given that changes included expansion rather than atrophy, is likely to represent an adaptive response following damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joey A Charbonneau
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California Davis, 1544 Newton Court, Davis, CA 95618, United States
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Jeffrey L Bennett
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, 2230 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
- The MIND Institute, University of California Davis, 2825 50th Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - Kevin Chau
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Eliza Bliss-Moreau
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of California Davis, 135 Young Hall One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
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Ahmad N, Lesa KN, Sudarmanto A, Fakhrudin N, Ikawati Z. The role of Phosphodiesterase-1 and its natural product inhibitors in Alzheimer's disease: A review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1070677. [PMID: 36618909 PMCID: PMC9812569 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1070677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase-1 (PDE1) is a versatile enzyme that has surprisingly received considerable attention as a possible therapeutic target in Alzheimer's disease (AD) because it maintains the homeostasis of 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and 3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in the brain. 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate and 3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate are the two key second messengers that regulate a broad range of intracellular processes and neurocognitive functions, specifically memory and cognition, associated with Alzheimer's disease. However, the lack of available selective drugs on the market poses challenges to identifying the beneficial effects of natural products. The present review focuses on Phosphodiesterase-1 and its isoforms, splicing variants, location, distribution, and function; the role of Phosphodiesterase-1 inhibitors in Alzheimer's disease; and the use of vinpocetine and natural products as specific Phosphodiesterase-1 inhibitors. Moreover, it aims to provide ongoing updates, identify research gaps, and present future perspectives. This review indicates the potential role of Phosphodiesterase-1 inhibitors in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease. Certain clinical trials on the alleviation of Alzheimer's disease in patients are still in progress. Among de novo outcomes, the employment of Phosphodiesterase-1 inhibitors to treat Alzheimer's disease is an important advancement given the absence of particular therapies in the pipeline for this highly prevalent disease. To sum up, Phosphodiesterase-1 inhibition has been specifically proposed as a critical therapeutic approach for Alzheimer's disease. This study provides a comprehensive review on the biological and pharmacological aspects of Phosphodiesterase-1, its role on the Alzheimer's diseases and its significance as Alzheimer's disease therapeutic target in drug discovery from natural products. This review will help clinical trials and scientific research exploring new entities for the treatment and prevention of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazir Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Kaisun Nesa Lesa
- Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ari Sudarmanto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nanang Fakhrudin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, Indonesia,Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, Indonesia,*Correspondence: Nanang Fakhrudin,
| | - Zullies Ikawati
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Incontri-Abraham D, Esparza-Salazar FJ, Ibarra A. Copolymer-1 as a potential therapy for mild cognitive impairment. Brain Cogn 2022; 162:105892. [PMID: 35841771 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2022.105892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a prodromal stage of memory impairment that may precede dementia. MCI is classified by the presence or absence of memory impairment into amnestic or non-amnestic MCI, respectively. More than 90% of patients with amnestic MCI who progress towards dementia meet criteria for Alzheimer's disease (AD). A combination of mechanisms promotes MCI, including intracellular neurofibrillary tangle formation, extracellular amyloid deposition, oxidative stress, neuronal loss, synaptodegeneration, cholinergic dysfunction, cerebrovascular disease, and neuroinflammation. However, emerging evidence indicates that neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment. Unfortunately, there are currently no Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs for MCI. Copolymer-1 (Cop-1), also known as glatiramer acetate, is a synthetic polypeptide of four amino acids approved by the FDA for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Cop-1 therapeutic effect is attributed to immunomodulation, promoting a switch from proinflammatory to anti-inflammatory phenotype. In addition to its anti-inflammatory properties, it stimulates brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) secretion, a neurotrophin involved in neurogenesis and the generation of hippocampal long-term potentials. Moreover, BDNF levels are significantly decreased in patients with cognitive impairment. Therefore, Cop-1 immunization might promote synaptic plasticity and memory consolidation by increasing BDNF production in patients with MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Incontri-Abraham
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Av. Universidad Anáhuac No. 46, Col. Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan, CP 52786, Edo. de México, Mexico
| | - Felipe J Esparza-Salazar
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Av. Universidad Anáhuac No. 46, Col. Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan, CP 52786, Edo. de México, Mexico
| | - Antonio Ibarra
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Av. Universidad Anáhuac No. 46, Col. Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan, CP 52786, Edo. de México, Mexico.
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12
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Rostamian S, le. Cessie S, Marijt KA, Jukema JW, Mooijaart SP, van Buchem MA, van Hall T, Gussekloo J, Trompet S. Association of cognitive function with increased risk of cancer death and all-cause mortality: Longitudinal analysis, systematic review, and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261826. [PMID: 34995287 PMCID: PMC8741047 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Disturbed cognitive function is associated with several causes of mortality; however, the association between cognitive function and the risk of cancer death has not been extensively investigated yet. We aimed to evaluate the association of cognitive function with the risk of cancer death and all-cause mortality in the PROspective Study of Pravastatin in the Elderly at Risk (PROSPER) and Leiden 85-plus Study. Additionally, a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies were conducted to evaluate the association of cognitive function and risk of cancer death. Methods Risk of cancer death and all-cause mortality were reported using hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) in tertiles of cognitive function of PROSPER and Leiden85-Plus Study. Additionally, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, PsycINFO, Academic Search Premier, CINHAL, and Emcare were searched up to November 1st, 2020 to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis. The relative risks (RRs) with 95%CI of cancer death per each standard deviation lower performance in cognitive measurements were calculated. Results Participants of PROSPER had 1.65-fold (95%CI 1.11–2.47) greater risk of cancer death (P for trend = 0.016) and 1.85-fold (95%CI 1.46–2.34) higher risk of all-cause mortality (P for trend<0.001), in multivariable models. Results of the Leiden-85 Plus Study showed that subjects with MMSE score below 24 had a lower chance of cancer death (HR 0.79, 95%CI 0.36–1.70, P for trend = 0.820) but had 2.18-fold (95%CI 1.57–3.02) higher risk of all-cause mortality compared to the reference group (P for trend<0.001). Besides, the results of systematic review and meta-analysis showed that per each standard deviation lower performance in cognitive function, individuals were at a 10% higher chance of cancer death (RR 1.10, 95%CI 1.00–1.20, P-value = 0.044). Conclusions Lower cognitive function performance is associated with a marginally increased risk of cancer death, in line with a significantly greater risk of all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Rostamian
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Saskia le. Cessie
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Koen A. Marijt
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J. Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Simon P. Mooijaart
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mark A. van Buchem
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thorbald van Hall
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jacobijn Gussekloo
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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13
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Wang L, Song M, Zhao X, Zhu Q, Yu L, Wang R, Gao Y, An C, Wang X. Functional deficit of sense organs as a risk factor for cognitive functional disorder in Chinese community elderly people. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14905. [PMID: 34547167 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and sense organs functional deficit in community elderly people. METHODS A total of 3095 community elderly people above 60 years in Hebei Province were selected by cross-sectional random cluster sampling method, who were evaluated face-to-face for general demographic data, the condition of sense organs functional deficit (vision, hearing, gustation, olfactory sensation, taste) and cognitive function by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). RESULTS A total of 3075 valid questionnaires were obtained. (a) 1368 old people (44.49%) were defined with sense organs functional deficit (defined as one or more of glaucoma, fundus disease, hearing impairment, olfactory disorder and taste disorder) in 3095 elderly people. According to questionnaires, MCI was diagnosed in 689 of 3075 participants (22.41%). The hearing disorder and glaucoma of MCI group were higher than that of the normal control group (X2 were 5.998 and 7.430, respectively, P were .014 and .006, respectively). (b) The MMSE score of the hearing disorder were significantly lower than those of non-hearing disorder group (t = 2.046, P = .041). (c) Multinomial logistics regression analysis was applied by MCI as the dependent variable and the various sensory organs defects as independent variables. The hearing impairment (Wald = 8.582, P = .003, OR = 1.485, 95% CI: 1.140-1.934) and glaucoma (Wald = 8.020, P = .005, OR = 1.847, 95% CI: 1.208-2.824) were associated with MCI. CONCLUSION The sensory organs functional defects is associated with the mild cognitive impartment in Chinese elderly, especially in vision and hearing disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wang
- Mental Health Center, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- The Mental Health Institute of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Brain Ageing and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mei Song
- Mental Health Center, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- The Mental Health Institute of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Brain Ageing and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaochuan Zhao
- Mental Health Center, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- The Mental Health Institute of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Brain Ageing and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qifeng Zhu
- Mental Health Center, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- The Mental Health Institute of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Brain Ageing and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lulu Yu
- Mental Health Center, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- The Mental Health Institute of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Brain Ageing and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Mental Health Center, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- The Mental Health Institute of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Brain Ageing and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Gao
- Mental Health Center, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- The Mental Health Institute of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Brain Ageing and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Cuixia An
- Mental Health Center, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- The Mental Health Institute of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Brain Ageing and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xueyi Wang
- Mental Health Center, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- The Mental Health Institute of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Brain Ageing and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
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Perspective: Why and How Ubiquitously Distributed, Vascular-Associated, Pluripotent Stem Cells in the Adult Body (vaPS Cells) Are the Next Generation of Medicine. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092303. [PMID: 34571951 PMCID: PMC8467324 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A certain cell type can be isolated from different organs in the adult body that can differentiate into ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm, providing significant support for the existence of a certain type of small, vascular-associated, pluripotent stem cell ubiquitously distributed in all organs in the adult body (vaPS cells). These vaPS cells fundamentally differ from embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells in that the latter possess the necessary genetic guidance that makes them intrinsically pluripotent. In contrast, vaPS cells do not have this intrinsic genetic guidance, but are able to differentiate into somatic cells of all three lineages under guidance of the microenvironment they are located in, independent from the original tissue or organ where they had resided. These vaPS cells are of high relevance for clinical application because they are contained in unmodified, autologous, adipose-derived regenerative cells (UA-ADRCs). The latter can be obtained from and re-applied to the same patient at the point of care, without the need for further processing, manipulation, and culturing. These findings as well as various clinical examples presented in this paper demonstrate the potential of UA-ADRCs for enabling an entirely new generation of medicine for the benefit of patients and healthcare systems.
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15
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Desplats P, Gutierrez AM, Antonelli MC, Frasch MG. Microglial memory of early life stress and inflammation: Susceptibility to neurodegeneration in adulthood. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 117:232-242. [PMID: 31703966 PMCID: PMC7198341 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We review evidence supporting the role of early life programming in the susceptibility for adult neurodegenerative diseases while highlighting questions and proposing avenues for future research to advance our understanding of this fundamental process. The key elements of this phenomenon are chronic stress, neuroinflammation triggering microglial polarization, microglial memory and their connection to neurodegeneration. We review the mediating mechanisms which may function as early biomarkers of increased susceptibility for neurodegeneration. Can we devise novel early life modifying interventions to steer developmental trajectories to their optimum?
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Desplats
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ashley M Gutierrez
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Marta C Antonelli
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. Eduardo De Robertis", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Martin G Frasch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Center on Human Development and Disability, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Sheng C, Yang K, Wang X, Li H, Li T, Lin L, Liu Y, Yang Q, Wang X, Wang X, Sun Y, Han Y. Advances in Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Subjective Cognitive Decline: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 77:903-920. [PMID: 32741806 DOI: 10.3233/jad-191295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is considered the earliest symptomatic manifestation of preclinical Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Currently, given the lack of effective and curable pharmacological treatments for AD, non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs) for individuals with SCD may provide a valuable opportunity for the secondary prevention of AD. Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis, conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, aimed to investigate the benefits of current NPIs in the population with SCD. Methods: The online electronic databases, including MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, PsycInfo, and CINAHL, were searched to identify randomized controlled trials of NPIs for SCD. Intervention strategies were psychological and health-related education interventions, mind-body therapy, lifestyle modification, cognitive training, and multidomain interventions. Outcomes included subjective memory, objective memory, global cognitive function, psychological well-being, and mood. Study quality was determined using the criteria of the Cochrane collaboration’s tool. The Hedges’ g of change was analyzed. Results: Eighteen studies were included in this review and meta-analysis. Overall, psychological and health-related education interventions exhibited a medium effect on objective memory function (Hedges’ g = 0.53, p = 0.01). Cognitive training led to a small effect on objective memory, which was marginal statistically (Hedges’ g = 0.19, p = 0.05). In addition, cognitive training also significantly improved subjective memory performance (Hedges’ g = 0.49, p = 0.0003) and psychological well-being (Hedges’ g = 0.27, p = 0.03). Conclusion: Overall, the psychological intervention and cognitive training may be beneficial to cognitive function and psychological well-being. NPIs may be effectively implemented in older adults with SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Sheng
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoni Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Neurology, Civil Aviation General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Taoran Li
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Library, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Alzheimer’s Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, China
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17
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Sacral neuromodulation for overactive bladder in women: do age and comorbidities make a difference? Int Urogynecol J 2020; 32:149-157. [PMID: 32588075 DOI: 10.1007/s00192-020-04392-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate if age and comorbidities are associated with progression from trial phase to implantation of an implantable pulse generator in women with overactive bladder. METHODS This multisite retrospective cohort included women with overactive bladder with or without urinary incontinence who had a trial phase for sacral neuromodulation. The primary outcome was progression to implantation. A sub-analysis of implanted patients was performed for the outcome of additional therapies or "implant only" for the duration of follow-up. Multivariate logistic regression models including potential predictors of implantation and post-implantation addition of therapies were performed. RESULTS At six academic institutions, 91% (785/864) of patients progressed to implantation. Post-implantation success was achieved by 69% (536/782) of patients at median follow-up of 2 (range 0.3 to 15) years. Odds of implantation [OR 0.73 (CI 0.61, 0.88)] and post-implantation success [OR 0.78 (CI 0.98, 0.97)] were lower with increasing decades of age. Medical comorbidities evaluated did not affect implantation rates or post-implant success. CONCLUSIONS Most women have successful sacral neuromodulation trials despite older age and comorbidities. Higher decade of age has a negative effect on odds of implantation and is associated with addition of therapies post-implantation. Comorbidities assessed in this study did not affect implantation or addition of therapies post-implantation. Most women add therapies to improve efficacy post-implantation, and explantation rates are low.
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18
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Wyse AT, Siebert C, Bobermin LD, Dos Santos TM, Quincozes-Santos A. Changes in Inflammatory Response, Redox Status and Na +, K +-ATPase Activity in Primary Astrocyte Cultures from Female Wistar Rats Subject to Ovariectomy. Neurotox Res 2019; 37:445-454. [PMID: 31773642 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00128-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are dynamic glial cells that maintain brain homeostasis, particularly metabolic functions, inflammatory response, and antioxidant defense. Since menopause may be associated with brain dysfunction, in the present study, we evaluated anti- and proinflammatory cytokine release in cortical and hippocampal astrocyte cultures obtained from adult female Wistar rats subjected to ovariectomy, a known experimental model of menopause. We also tested some parameters of metabolic functionality (Na+, K+-ATPase activity) and cellular redox status, such as antioxidant enzyme defenses (superoxide dismutase and catalase) and the intracellular production of reactive oxygen species in this experimental model. Female adult Wistar rats (180 days-age) were assigned to one of the following groups: sham (submitted to surgery without removal of the ovaries) and ovariectomy (submitted to surgery to removal of the ovaries). Thirty days after ovariectomy or sham surgery, we prepared astrocyte cultures from control and ovariectomy surgery animals. Ovariectomized rats presented an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α, interleukins 1β, 6, and 18) and a decrease in interleukin 10 release, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, in cortical and hippocampal astrocytes, when compared to those obtained from sham group (control). In addition, Na+,K+-ATPase activity decreased in hippocampal astrocytes, but not in cortical astrocyte cultures. In contrast, antioxidant enzymes did not alter in cortical astrocyte cultures, but increased in hippocampal astrocytes. In summary, our findings suggest that ovariectomy is able to induce an inflammatory response in vivo, which could be detected in in vitro astrocytes after approximately 4 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Ts Wyse
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas-Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. .,Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil.
| | - Cassiana Siebert
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas-Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Larissa D Bobermin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas-Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neurotoxicidade e Glioproteção, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Tiago M Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas-Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - André Quincozes-Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas-Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neurotoxicidade e Glioproteção, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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19
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Romo-Araiza A, Ibarra A. Prebiotics and probiotics as potential therapy for cognitive impairment. Med Hypotheses 2019; 134:109410. [PMID: 31627123 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive functions, such as learning and memory, may be impaired during aging. Age-related cognitive impairment is associated with selective neuronal loss, oxidative changes that lead to microglia activation and neuroinflammation. In addition, it is associated to alteration reduction in trophic factors affecting neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity. In recent years, attention has been paid to the relationship between gut microbiota and brain. In aging, there is an alteration in microbiota, gut microbiota diversity is perturbed with an increase in pathogenic bacteria at the expense of beneficial ones. Dysbiosis may lead to chronic inflammation, and a decrease in bacteria metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids which have been related to an upregulation of neurotrophic factors. Supplementation with prebiotics and probiotics can modulate gut microbiota, returning it to a more physiological state; thus, they may be considered as a possible treatment for age-related cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Romo-Araiza
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan, Estado de México C.P. 52786, Mexico
| | - Antonio Ibarra
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan, Estado de México C.P. 52786, Mexico.
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20
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Biomarker-Based Signature of Alzheimer's Disease in Pre-MCI Individuals. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9090213. [PMID: 31450744 PMCID: PMC6769621 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9090213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology begins decades before the onset of clinical symptoms. It is recognized as a clinicobiological entity, being detectable in vivo independently of the clinical stage by means of pathophysiological biomarkers. Accordingly, neuropathological studies that were carried out on healthy elderly subjects, with or without subjective experience of cognitive decline, reported evidence of AD pathology in a high proportion of cases. At present, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) represents the only clinically diagnosed pre-dementia stage. Several attempts have been carried out to detect AD as early as possible, when subtle cognitive alterations, still not fulfilling MCI criteria, appear. Importantly, pre-MCI individuals showing the positivity of pathophysiological AD biomarkers show a risk of progression similar to MCI patients. In view of successful treatment with disease modifying agents, in a clinical setting, a timely diagnosis is mandatory. In clinical routine, biomarkers assessment should be taken into consideration whenever a subject with subtle cognitive deficits (pre-MCI), who is aware of his/her decline, requests to know the cause of such disturbances. In this review, we report the available neuropsychological and biomarkers data that characterize the pre-MCI patients, thus proposing pre-MCI as the first clinical manifestation of AD.
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21
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Attier-Zmudka J, Sérot JM. A Particularly Tragic Case of Possible Alzheimer's Disease, that of Marshal Pétain. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 71:399-404. [PMID: 31381514 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
After World War I and more particularly in June 1940, the prestige of French Marshal Philippe Pétain, considered as the winning general the battle of Verdun, was very high. He became President of Council while the French army was unable to stop the German offensives. But five years later he was sentenced to death for high treason. By rereading his bibliography from a medical perspective, it is possible to find multiple suggestive events and to affirm a posteriori Pétain suffered from a neurodegenerative disorder, whose first signs appeared in the 1930s, suggestive of Alzheimer's disease, which had an impact on French politics. The modern medical knowledge of this disease casts a new light on the behavior of Petain during the last war.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean-Marie Sérot
- Department of Geriatrics, CH de Saint Quentin, Saint Quentin, France
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22
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Bazzi F, Mescam M, Basarab A, Kouame D. On Single-Image Super-Resolution in 3D Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2019; 2019:2840-2843. [PMID: 31946484 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2019.8857959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work is to apply 3D super resolution (SR) techniques to brain magnetic resonance (MR) image restoration. Two 3D SR methods are considered following different trends: one recently proposed tensor-based approach and one inverse problem algorithm based on total variation and low rank regularization. The evaluation of their effectiveness is assessed through the segmentation of brain compartments: gray matter, white matter and cerebrospinal fluid. The two algorithms are qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated on simulated images with ground truth available and on experimental data. The originality of this work is to consider the SR methods as an initial step towards the final segmentation task. The results show the ability of both methods to overcome the loss of spatial resolution and to facilitate the segmentation of brain structures with improved accuracy compared to native low-resolution MR images. Both algorithms achieved almost equivalent results with a highly reduced computational time cost for the tensor-based approach.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We review current knowledge regarding HDL and Alzheimer's disease, focusing on HDL's vasoprotective functions and potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target for the vascular contributions of Alzheimer's disease. RECENT FINDINGS Many epidemiological studies have observed that circulating HDL levels associate with decreased Alzheimer's disease risk. However, it is now understood that the functions of HDL may be more informative than levels of HDL cholesterol (HDL-C). Animal model studies demonstrate that HDL protects against memory deficits, neuroinflammation, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). In-vitro studies using state-of-the-art 3D models of the human blood-brain barrier (BBB) confirm that HDL reduces vascular Aβ accumulation and attenuates Aβ-induced endothelial inflammation. Although HDL-based therapeutics have not been tested in clinical trials for Alzheimer's disease , several HDL formulations are in advanced phase clinical trials for coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis and could be leveraged toward Alzheimer's disease . SUMMARY Evidence from human studies, animal models, and bioengineered arteries supports the hypothesis that HDL protects against cerebrovascular dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. Assays of HDL functions relevant to Alzheimer's disease may be desirable biomarkers of cerebrovascular health. HDL-based therapeutics may also be of interest for Alzheimer's disease, using stand-alone or combination therapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily B. Button
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jérôme Robert
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tara M. Caffrey
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jianjia Fan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Wenchen Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Cheryl L. Wellington
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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24
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Silveira K, Smart CM. Cognitive, physical, and psychological benefits of yoga for acquired brain injuries: A systematic review of recent findings. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2019; 30:1388-1407. [DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2019.1583114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Silveira
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Colette M. Smart
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
- Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
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25
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Pedrinolla A, Venturelli M, Tamburin S, Fonte C, Stabile AM, Galazzo IB, Ghinassi B, Venneri MA, Pizzini FB, Muti E, Smania N, Di Baldassarre A, Naro F, Rende M, Schena F. Non-Aβ-Dependent Factors Associated with Global Cognitive and Physical Function in Alzheimer's Disease: A Pilot Multivariate Analysis. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8020224. [PMID: 30744116 PMCID: PMC6406356 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8020224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent literature highlights the importance of identifying factors associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Actual validated biomarkers include neuroimaging and cerebrospinal fluid assessments; however, we investigated non-Aβ-dependent factors associated with dementia in 12 MCI and 30 AD patients. Patients were assessed for global cognitive function (Mini-Mental state examination—MMSE), physical function (Physical Performance Test—PPT), exercise capacity (6-min walking test—6MWT), maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), brain volume, vascular function (flow-mediated dilation—FMD), inflammatory status (tumor necrosis factor—α ,TNF- α, interleukin-6, -10 and -15) and neurotrophin receptors (p75NTR and Tropomyosin receptor kinase A -TrkA). Baseline multifactorial information was submitted to two separate backward stepwise regression analyses to identify the variables associated with cognitive and physical decline in demented patients. A multivariate regression was then applied to verify the stepwise regression. The results indicated that the combination of 6MWT and VO2max was associated with both global cognitive and physical function (MMSE = 11.384 + (0.00599 × 6MWT) − (0.235 × VO2max)); (PPT = 1.848 + (0.0264 × 6MWT) + (19.693 × VO2max)). These results may offer important information that might help to identify specific targets for therapeutic strategies (NIH Clinical trial identification number NCT03034746).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pedrinolla
- Departement of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona,Via Casorati 43, 37127 Verona, Italy.
| | - Massimo Venturelli
- Departement of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona,Via Casorati 43, 37127 Verona, Italy.
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
| | - Stefano Tamburin
- Departement of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona,Via Casorati 43, 37127 Verona, Italy.
| | - Cristina Fonte
- Departement of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona,Via Casorati 43, 37127 Verona, Italy.
- Neuromotor and Cognitive Rehabilitation Research Centre, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Stabile
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Section of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy.
| | | | - Barbara Ghinassi
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Mary Anna Venneri
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Science, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Ettore Muti
- Mons. Mazzali Foundation, 46100, Mantua, Italy.
| | - Nicola Smania
- Departement of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona,Via Casorati 43, 37127 Verona, Italy.
- Neuromotor and Cognitive Rehabilitation Research Centre, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Angela Di Baldassarre
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Fabio Naro
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Science, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Mario Rende
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Section of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Federico Schena
- Departement of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona,Via Casorati 43, 37127 Verona, Italy.
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26
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Cutuli D, de Guevara-Miranda DL, Castilla-Ortega E, Santín L, Sampedro-Piquero P. Highlighting the Role of Cognitive and Brain Reserve in the Substance use Disorder Field. Curr Neuropharmacol 2019; 17:1056-1070. [PMID: 31204624 PMCID: PMC7052825 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666190617100707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive reserve (CR) refers to the ability of an individual to cope with brain pathology remaining free of cognitive symptoms. This protective factor has been related to compensatory and more efficient brain mechanisms involved in resisting brain damage. For its part, Brain reserve (BR) refers to individual differences in the structural properties of the brain which could also make us more resilient to suffer from neurodegenerative and mental diseases. OBJECTIVE This review summarizes how this construct, mainly mediated by educational level, occupational attainment, physical and mental activity, as well as successful social relationships, has gained scientific attention in the last years with regard to diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, stroke or traumatic brain injury. Nevertheless, although CR has been studied in a large number of disorders, few researches have addressed the role of this concept in drug addiction. METHODS We provide a selective overview of recent literature about the role of CR and BR in preventing substance use onset. Likewise, we will also discuss how variables involved in CR (healthy leisure, social support or job-related activities, among others) could be trained and included as complementary activities of substance use disorder treatments. RESULTS Evidence about this topic suggests a preventive role of CR and BR on drug use onset and when drug addiction is established, these factors led to less severe addiction-related problems, as well as better treatment outcomes. CONCLUSION CR and BR are variables not taken yet into account in drug addiction. However, they could give us a valuable information about people at risk, as well as patient's prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - L.J. Santín
- Address correspondence to these authors at the Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Doctor Miguel Díaz Recio, 28 Málaga 29010, Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos S/N, 29071 Málaga, Spain; E-mails: (P. Sampedro-Piquero) and (L.J. Santín)
| | - P. Sampedro-Piquero
- Address correspondence to these authors at the Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Doctor Miguel Díaz Recio, 28 Málaga 29010, Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos S/N, 29071 Málaga, Spain; E-mails: (P. Sampedro-Piquero) and (L.J. Santín)
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Sverdeva YO, Varakuta YY, Zhdankina AA, Potapov AV, Gerasimov AV, Logvinov SV. Age-Related Structural Changes in Primary Visual Cortex Cells of Rats under High-Intensity Light Exposure. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s207905701804015x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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28
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Mohan A, Thalamuthu A, Mather KA, Zhang Y, Catts VS, Weickert CS, Sachdev PS. Differential expression of synaptic and interneuron genes in the aging human prefrontal cortex. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 70:194-202. [PMID: 30031232 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Altered inhibition-excitation balance is implicated in brain aging. We hypothesized that expression of 14 genes encoding proteins localized to synapses or interneurons would show age-related changes relative to 1 another in postmortem tissue from the prefrontal cortex of 37 individuals (18-78 years) and that synaptic or interneuron markers would be differentially correlated with human brain volumes across aging. The majority of genes examined were differentially expressed with age, most being downregulated. Expression of 3 interneuron-related genes was significantly negatively associated with age (calbindin, somatostatin, cholecystokinin), whereas 3 synapse-related genes showed significant age-related expression change (PSD95, GAP43, VGLUT1). On covarying for 2 glial markers (GFAP, IBA1), all 3 interneuron genes and 1 synaptic gene (Growth-associated protein 43) remained significant. Two genes were significantly associated with total brain volume (calbindin, complexin 2) and a marker of synaptic density (synaptophysin) was significantly associated with cortical gray matter volume. Age-related change in expression of genes involved in maintenance of inhibition-excitation balance and regulation of prefrontocortical network dynamics suggests these pathways may contribute to brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adith Mohan
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), University of New South Wales (UNSW) Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Psychiatry, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), University of New South Wales (UNSW) Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karen A Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), University of New South Wales (UNSW) Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yiru Zhang
- Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vibeke S Catts
- Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cynthia Shannon Weickert
- School of Psychiatry, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), University of New South Wales (UNSW) Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Psychiatry, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
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29
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Respond, don't react: The influence of mindfulness training on performance monitoring in older adults. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2018; 17:1151-1163. [PMID: 28971360 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-017-0539-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A sizeable body of literature demonstrates positive effects of mindfulness training on brain, behavior, and psychological processes in both novice and expert practitioners as compared to non-meditators. However, only more recently has research begun to examine the specific mechanisms by which mindfulness exerts these effects. In the current study, we used event-related potentials (error-related negativity (ERN), error positivity (Pe)) to test the hypothesis that performance monitoring is one such mechanism. We conducted a randomized controlled trial in healthy older adults (n = 36), relevant because markers of performance monitoring are known to decline with normal aging. Compared to an active control condition, mindfulness participants showed an increase in the ERN, without an increase in the Pe. Participants in both groups reported a reduction in self-report of anxiety and self-judgment of one's own mental functioning, indicating the subjective impression of benefit from each intervention type. The current results are important insofar as they support the purported self-regulatory functions of mindfulness (i.e., learning to respond, not react), as well as demonstrating that such positive effects can be obtained in an older adult sample, both of which have important implications for intervention.
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31
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A general neurologist's perspective on the urgent need to apply resilience thinking to the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA-TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH & CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS 2017; 3:498-506. [PMID: 29124107 PMCID: PMC5671621 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this article was to look at the problem of Alzheimer's disease (AD) through the lens of a socioecological resilience-thinking framework to help expand our view of the prevention and treatment of AD. This serious and complex public health problem requires a holistic systems approach. We present the view that resilience thinking, a theoretical framework that offers multidisciplinary approaches in ecology and natural resource management to solve environmental problems, can be applied to the prevention and treatment of AD. Resilience thinking explains a natural process that occurs in all complex systems in response to stressful challenges. The brain is a complex system, much like an ecosystem, and AD is a disturbance (allostatic overload) within the ecosystem of the brain. Resilience thinking gives us guidance, direction, and ideas about how to comprehensively prevent and treat AD and tackle the AD epidemic.
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Latimer CS, Keene CD, Flanagan ME, Hemmy LS, Lim KO, White LR, Montine KS, Montine TJ. Resistance to Alzheimer Disease Neuropathologic Changes and Apparent Cognitive Resilience in the Nun and Honolulu-Asia Aging Studies. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2017; 76:458-466. [PMID: 28499012 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlx030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Two population-based studies key to advancing knowledge of brain aging are the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study (HAAS) and the Nun Study. Harmonization of their neuropathologic data allows cross comparison, with findings common to both studies likely generalizable, while distinct observations may point to aging brain changes that are dependent on sex, ethnicity, environment, or lifestyle factors. Here, we expanded the neuropathologic evaluation of these 2 studies using revised NIA-Alzheimer's Association guidelines and compared directly the neuropathologic features of resistance and apparent cognitive resilience. There were significant differences in prevalence of Alzheimer disease neuropathologic change, small vessel vascular brain injury, and Lewy body disease between these 2 studies, suggesting that sex, ethnicity, and lifestyle factors may significantly influence resistance to developing brain injury with age. In contrast, hippocampal sclerosis prevalence was very similar, but skewed to poorer cognitive performance, suggesting that hippocampal sclerosis could act sequentially with other diseases to impair cognitive function. Strikingly, despite these observed differences, the proportion of individuals resistant to all 4 diseases of brain or displaying apparent cognitive resilience was virtually identical between HAAS and Nun Study participants. Future in vivo validation of these results awaits comprehensive biomarkers of these 4 brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin S Latimer
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (CSL, CDK); Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California (MEF, KSM, TJM); Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (LSH, KOL); Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota (LSH); Pacific Health Research and Education Institute (PHREI), Honolulu, Hawaii (LRW); and Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii (LRW)
| | - C Dirk Keene
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (CSL, CDK); Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California (MEF, KSM, TJM); Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (LSH, KOL); Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota (LSH); Pacific Health Research and Education Institute (PHREI), Honolulu, Hawaii (LRW); and Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii (LRW)
| | - Margaret E Flanagan
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (CSL, CDK); Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California (MEF, KSM, TJM); Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (LSH, KOL); Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota (LSH); Pacific Health Research and Education Institute (PHREI), Honolulu, Hawaii (LRW); and Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii (LRW)
| | - Laura S Hemmy
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (CSL, CDK); Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California (MEF, KSM, TJM); Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (LSH, KOL); Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota (LSH); Pacific Health Research and Education Institute (PHREI), Honolulu, Hawaii (LRW); and Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii (LRW)
| | - Kelvin O Lim
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (CSL, CDK); Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California (MEF, KSM, TJM); Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (LSH, KOL); Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota (LSH); Pacific Health Research and Education Institute (PHREI), Honolulu, Hawaii (LRW); and Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii (LRW)
| | - Lon R White
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (CSL, CDK); Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California (MEF, KSM, TJM); Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (LSH, KOL); Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota (LSH); Pacific Health Research and Education Institute (PHREI), Honolulu, Hawaii (LRW); and Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii (LRW)
| | - Kathleen S Montine
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (CSL, CDK); Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California (MEF, KSM, TJM); Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (LSH, KOL); Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota (LSH); Pacific Health Research and Education Institute (PHREI), Honolulu, Hawaii (LRW); and Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii (LRW)
| | - Thomas J Montine
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (CSL, CDK); Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California (MEF, KSM, TJM); Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (LSH, KOL); Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota (LSH); Pacific Health Research and Education Institute (PHREI), Honolulu, Hawaii (LRW); and Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii (LRW)
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Smart CM, Karr JE, Areshenkoff CN, Rabin LA, Hudon C, Gates N, Ali JI, Arenaza-Urquijo EM, Buckley RF, Chetelat G, Hampel H, Jessen F, Marchant NL, Sikkes SAM, Tales A, van der Flier WM, Wesselman L. Non-Pharmacologic Interventions for Older Adults with Subjective Cognitive Decline: Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Preliminary Recommendations. Neuropsychol Rev 2017; 27:245-257. [PMID: 28271346 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-017-9342-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In subjective cognitive decline (SCD), older adults present with concerns about self-perceived cognitive decline but are found to have clinically normal function. However, a significant proportion of those adults are subsequently found to develop mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's dementia or other neurocognitive disorder. In other cases, SCD may be associated with mood, personality, and physical health concerns. Regardless of etiology, adults with SCD may benefit from interventions that could enhance current function or slow incipient cognitive decline. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis, conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, is to examine the benefits of non-pharmacologic intervention (NPI) in persons with SCD. Inclusion criteria were studies of adults aged 55 + with SCD defined using published criteria, receiving NPI or any control condition, with cognitive, behavioural, or psychological outcomes in controlled trails. Published empirical studies were obtained through a standardized search of CINAHL Complete, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE with Full Text, PsycINFO, and PsycARTICLES, supplemented by a manual retrieval of relevant articles. Study quality and bias was determined using PEDro. Nine studies were included in the review and meta-analysis. A wide range of study quality was observed. Overall, a small effect size was found on cognitive outcomes, greater for cognitive versus other intervention types. The available evidence suggests that NPI may benefit current cognitive function in persons with SCD. Recommendations are provided to improve future trials of NPI in SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colette M Smart
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700, STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada. .,Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
| | - Justin E Karr
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700, STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Corson N Areshenkoff
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700, STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Laura A Rabin
- Brooklyn College and The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carol Hudon
- Universite Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Nicola Gates
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jordan I Ali
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700, STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Eider M Arenaza-Urquijo
- INSERM, U1077, 14074, Caen, France.,Université de Caen Basse-Normandie UMR-S1077, 14074, Caen, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077, 14074, Caen, France.,CHU de Caen, U1077, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Rachel F Buckley
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gael Chetelat
- INSERM, U1077, 14074, Caen, France.,Université de Caen Basse-Normandie UMR-S1077, 14074, Caen, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077, 14074, Caen, France.,CHU de Caen, U1077, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Harald Hampel
- AXA Research Fund and UPMC Chair, Sorbonne Universities, Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France.,Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A) and Brain and Spine Institute (ICM) UMR S 1127, Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Frank Jessen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn/Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Sietske A M Sikkes
- Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Wiesje M van der Flier
- Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Wesselman
- Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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34
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Neurochemical correlation between major depressive disorder and neurodegenerative diseases. Life Sci 2016; 158:121-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Gray NE, Harris CJ, Quinn JF, Soumyanath A. Centella asiatica modulates antioxidant and mitochondrial pathways and improves cognitive function in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 180:78-86. [PMID: 26785167 PMCID: PMC4764102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE This study investigates the cognitive enhancing effects of the plant Centella asiatica which is widely used Ayurvedic and traditional Chinese medicine. AIM OF THE STUDY The goal of this study was to determine the effects of a water extract of the medicinal plant Centella asiatica (CAW) on cognitive ability as well as mitochondrial and antioxidant response pathways in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Old and young C57BL/6 mice were treated with CAW (2mg/mL) in their drinking water. Learning and memory was assessed using Morris Water Maze (MWM) and then tissue was collected and gene expression analyzed. RESULTS CAW improved performance in the MWM in aged animals and had a modest effect on the performance of young animals. CAW also increased the expression of mitochondrial and antioxidant response genes in the brain and liver of both young and old animals. Expression of synaptic markers was also increased in the hippocampus and frontal cortex, but not in the cerebellum of CAW-treated animals. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate a cognitive enhancing effect of CAW in healthy mice. The gene expression changes caused by CAW suggest a possible effect on mitochondrial biogenesis, which in conjunction with activation of antioxidant response genes could contribute to cognitive improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora E Gray
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA.
| | - Christopher J Harris
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | - Joseph F Quinn
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA; Department of Neurology and Parkinson's Disease Research Education and Clinical Care Center (PADRECC), Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | - Amala Soumyanath
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
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Nilsson ED, Elmståhl S, Minthon L, Nilsson PM, Pihlsgård M, Tufvesson E, Nägga K. Nonlinear association between pulse wave velocity and cognitive function: a population-based study. J Hypertens 2016; 32:2152-7; discussion 2157. [PMID: 25275244 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arterial stiffness has been hypothesized to contribute to cognitive decline. However, previous studies have reported inconsistent results. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the association between carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), a marker of arterial stiffness, and cognitive function. METHODS The study population comprised 2637 individuals from the population-based Malmö Diet and Cancer Study (mean age 72.1 years, 60.8% women). During the follow-up examinations between 2007 and 2012, cfPWV and results on the a quick test of cognitive speed (AQT) and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) cognitive tests were measured. RESULTS After adjustments for demographics and traditional cardiovascular risk factors, a linear association was found between cfPWV and AQT (B = 0.37; P = 0.039). On the basis of hypothesis that individuals with high cfPWV values have worse cognitive function than can be inferred from a linear association, cfPWV was dichotomized at the 90th percentile (the binary variable denoted cfPWV >13.8). When cfPWV >13.8 was added to the model, the linear association between continuous cfPWV and AQT disappeared (B = -0.08; P = 0.72), but cfPWV >13.8 was highly significant (B = 4.81; P = 0.004). In the adjusted model with MMSE as outcome variable, cfPWV >13.8 also reached a statistically significant effect. CONCLUSION Arterial stiffness was inversely associated with cognitive function in a nonlinear fashion, with individuals in the top decentile of cfPWV explaining the association. Results from linear regressions should thus be interpreted with caution because, even when statistical significance is reached, they can be explained by pronounced nonlinearity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik D Nilsson
- aClinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University bDivision of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Health Sciences cDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Gomez-Ramirez J, Li Y, Wu Q, Wu J. A Quantitative Study of Network Robustness in Resting-State fMRI in Young and Elder Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 7:256. [PMID: 26869917 PMCID: PMC4737864 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain connectivity analysis has shown great promise in understanding how aging affects functional connectivity; however, an explanatory framework to study healthy aging in terms of network efficiency is still missing. Here, we study network robustness, i.e., resilience to perturbations, in resting-state functional connectivity networks (rs-fMRI) in young and elder subjects. We apply analytic measures of network communication efficiency in the human brain to investigate the compensatory mechanisms elicited in aging. Specifically, we quantify the effect of “lesioning” (node canceling) of either single regions of interest (ROI) or whole networks on global connectivity metrics (i.e., efficiency). We find that young individuals are more resilient than old ones to random “lesioning” of brain areas; global network efficiency is over 3 times lower in older subjects relative to younger subjects. On the other hand, the “lesioning” of central and limbic structures in young subjects yield a larger efficiency loss than in older individuals. Overall, our study shows a more idiosyncratic response to specific brain network “lesioning” in elder compared to young subjects, and that young adults are more resilient to random deletion of single nodes compared to old adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Gomez-Ramirez
- Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada
| | - Yujie Li
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China; School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Okayama University , Okayama , Japan
| | - Jinglong Wu
- Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan; Intelligent Robotics Institute, School of Mechatronics Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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38
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Calvo N, García AM, Manoiloff L, Ibáñez A. Bilingualism and Cognitive Reserve: A Critical Overview and a Plea for Methodological Innovations. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 7:249. [PMID: 26793100 PMCID: PMC4709424 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The decline of cognitive skills throughout healthy or pathological aging can be slowed down by experiences which foster cognitive reserve (CR). Recently, some studies on Alzheimer's disease have suggested that CR may be enhanced by life-long bilingualism. However, the evidence is inconsistent and largely based on retrospective approaches featuring several methodological weaknesses. Some studies demonstrated at least 4 years of delay in dementia symptoms, while others did not find such an effect. Moreover, various methodological aspects vary from study to study. The present paper addresses contradictory findings, identifies possible lurking variables, and outlines methodological alternatives thereof. First, we characterize possible confounding factors that may have influenced extant results. Our focus is on the criteria to establish bilingualism, differences in sample design, the instruments used to examine cognitive skills, and the role of variables known to modulate life-long cognition. Second, we propose that these limitations could be largely circumvented through experimental approaches. Proficiency in the non-native language can be successfully assessed by combining subjective and objective measures; confounding variables which have been distinctively associated with certain bilingual groups (e.g., alcoholism, sleep disorders) can be targeted through relevant instruments; and cognitive status might be better tapped via robust cognitive screenings and executive batteries. Moreover, future research should incorporate tasks yielding predictable patterns of contrastive performance between bilinguals and monolinguals. Crucially, these include instruments which reveal bilingual disadvantages in vocabulary, null effects in working memory, and advantages in inhibitory control and other executive functions. Finally, paradigms tapping proactive interference (which assess the disruptive effect of long-term memory on newly learned information) could also offer useful data, since this phenomenon seems to be better managed by bilinguals and it becomes conspicuous in early stages of dementia. Such considerations may shed light not just on the relationship between bilingualism and CR, but also on more general mechanisms of cognitive compensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Calvo
- School of Philosophy, Humanities and Arts, Institute of Philosophy, National University of San JuanSan Juan, Argentina
- Cognitive Psychology of Language and Psycholinguistics Research Group, Laboratory of Cognitive Psychology, CIPSI (CIECS-CONICET), National University of CórdobaCórdoba, Argentina
| | - Adolfo M. García
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive Neurology, Favaloro UniversityBuenos Aires, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research CouncilBuenos Aires, Argentina
- Faculty of Elementary and Special Education, National University of CuyoMendoza, Argentina
- UDP-INECO Foundation Core on Neuroscience, Diego Portales UniversitySantiago, Chile
| | - Laura Manoiloff
- Cognitive Psychology of Language and Psycholinguistics Research Group, Laboratory of Cognitive Psychology, CIPSI (CIECS-CONICET), National University of CórdobaCórdoba, Argentina
| | - Agustín Ibáñez
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive Neurology, Favaloro UniversityBuenos Aires, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research CouncilBuenos Aires, Argentina
- UDP-INECO Foundation Core on Neuroscience, Diego Portales UniversitySantiago, Chile
- Universidad Autónoma del CaribeBarranquilla, Colombia
- Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Australian Research CouncilSydney, NSW, Australia
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Mufson EJ, Mahady L, Waters D, Counts SE, Perez SE, DeKosky ST, Ginsberg SD, Ikonomovic MD, Scheff SW, Binder LI. Hippocampal plasticity during the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Neuroscience 2015; 309:51-67. [PMID: 25772787 PMCID: PMC4567973 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuroplasticity involves molecular and structural changes in central nervous system (CNS) throughout life. The concept of neural organization allows for remodeling as a compensatory mechanism to the early pathobiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in an attempt to maintain brain function and cognition during the onset of dementia. The hippocampus, a crucial component of the medial temporal lobe memory circuit, is affected early in AD and displays synaptic and intraneuronal molecular remodeling against a pathological background of extracellular amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition and intracellular neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) formation in the early stages of AD. Here we discuss human clinical pathological findings supporting the concept that the hippocampus is capable of neural plasticity during mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a prodromal stage of AD and early stage AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Mufson
- Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Medical Center, Department of Neurobiology, Phoenix, AZ 85013, United States.
| | - L Mahady
- Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Medical Center, Department of Neurobiology, Phoenix, AZ 85013, United States
| | - D Waters
- Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Medical Center, Department of Neurobiology, Phoenix, AZ 85013, United States
| | - S E Counts
- Department of Translational Science & Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - S E Perez
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - S T DeKosky
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - S D Ginsberg
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Departments of Psychiatry and Physiology & Neuroscience, New York University Langone Medical Center, Orangeburg, NY, United States
| | - M D Ikonomovic
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - S W Scheff
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - L I Binder
- Department of Translational Science & Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
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Dholaniya PS, Ghosh S, Surampudi BR, Kondapi AK. A knowledge driven supervised learning approach to identify gene network of differentially up-regulated genes during neuronal senescence in Rattus norvegicus. Biosystems 2015; 135:9-14. [PMID: 26163927 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Various approaches have been described to infer the gene interaction network from expression data. Several models based on computational and mathematical methods are available. The fundamental thing in the identification of the gene interaction is their biological relevance. Two genes belonging to the same pathway are more likely to affect the expression of each other than the genes of two different pathways. In the present study, interaction network of genes is described based on upregulated genes during neuronal senescence in the Cerebellar granule neurons of rat. We have adopted a supervised learning method and used it in combination with biological pathway information of the genes to develop a gene interaction network. Further modular analysis of the network has been done to identify senescence-related marker genes. Currently there is no adequate information available about the genes implicated in neuronal senescence. Thus identifying multipath genes belonging to the pathway affected by senescence might be very useful in studying the senescence process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Singh Dholaniya
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinfomatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India; Cognitive Science Lab, International Institute of Information Technology (IIIT) Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500032, Telangana, India
| | - Soumitra Ghosh
- School of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India; Cognitive Science Lab, International Institute of Information Technology (IIIT) Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500032, Telangana, India
| | - Bapi Raju Surampudi
- School of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India; Cognitive Science Lab, International Institute of Information Technology (IIIT) Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500032, Telangana, India
| | - Anand K Kondapi
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinfomatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India; Cognitive Science Lab, International Institute of Information Technology (IIIT) Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500032, Telangana, India.
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Iverson GL, Gardner AJ, McCrory P, Zafonte R, Castellani RJ. A critical review of chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 56:276-93. [PMID: 26183075 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) has been described in the literature as a neurodegenerative disease with: (i) localized neuronal and glial accumulations of phosphorylated tau (p-tau) involving perivascular areas of the cerebral cortex, sulcal depths, and with a preference for neurons within superficial cortical laminae; (ii) multifocal axonal varicosities and axonal loss involving deep cortex and subcortical white matter; (iii) relative absence of beta-amyloid deposits; (iv) TDP-43 immunoreactive inclusions and neurites; and (v) broad and diverse clinical features. Some of the pathological findings reported in the literature may be encountered with age and other neurodegenerative diseases. However, the focality of the p-tau cortical findings in particular, and the regional distribution, are believed to be unique to CTE. The described clinical features in recent cases are very similar to how depression manifests in middle-aged men and with frontotemporal dementia as the disease progresses. It has not been established that the described tau pathology, especially in small amounts, can cause complex changes in behavior such as depression, substance abuse, suicidality, personality changes, or cognitive impairment. Future studies will help determine the extent to which the neuropathology is causally related to the diverse clinical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant L Iverson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, MassGeneral Hospital for Children Sports Concussion Program, & Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Home Base Program, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Andrew J Gardner
- Hunter New England Local Health District Sports Concussion Program; & Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul McCrory
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre - Austin Campus, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ross Zafonte
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital; Brigham and Women's Hospital; & Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Home Base Program, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rudy J Castellani
- Division of Neuropathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA
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Turgeman G. The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells in Alzheimer's disease: converging mechanisms. Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:698-9. [PMID: 26109936 PMCID: PMC4468753 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.156953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gadi Turgeman
- Department of Pre-Medical Studies & Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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43
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Jellinger KA. Pathogenesis and treatment of vascular cognitive impairment. Neurodegener Dis Manag 2014; 4:471-90. [DOI: 10.2217/nmt.14.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) defines a continuum of disorders ranging from mild cognitive impairment to full-blown dementia, attributable to cerebrovascular causes. Major morphological types – multi-infarct encephalopathy, strategic infarct type, subcortical arteriosclerotic leukoencephalopathy, multilacunar state, postischemic encephalopathy – result from systemic, cardiac and local large or small vessel disease. Cognitive decline is commonly caused by widespread small cerebrovascular lesions (CVLs) affecting regions/networks essential for cognition, memory and behavior. CVLs often coexist with Alzheimer-type and other pathologies, which interact in promoting dementia, but in many nondemented elderly individuals, mixed brain pathologies are also present. Due to the high variability of CVLs, no validated clinical and neuropathological criteria for VCI are available. Cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine produce small cognitive improvement but without essential effect. Antihypertensive treatment, cardiovascular control and lifestyle modifications reducing vascular risk factors are essential. Given its growing health, social and economic burden, prevention and treatment of VCI are a major challenge of neuroscience.
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Hamisha KN, Tfilin M, Yanai J, Turgeman G. Mesenchymal stem cells can prevent alterations in behavior and neurogenesis induced by Aß25-35 administration. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 55:1006-13. [PMID: 25384918 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0457-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known to enhance neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus, as well as to modulate immune cell activity and inflammation. Easily obtained and expanded from the bone marrow and other tissues, MSCs have been proposed as candidates for stem cell therapy in various neurodegenerartive diseases. In the present study, we sought to explore these therapeutic properties of MSC on Aß25-35-induced pathology when coadministered together. Apparently, coadministration of MSC prevented mild cognitive deficits observed following Aß administration alone, by promoting microglial activation and rapid clearance of injected Aß aggregates. Surprisingly, increased hippocampal neurogenesis was observed in the Aß-injected animals and was normal in MSC-coadministered animals just as in control animals. The observed increase in neurogenesis can be explained as a compensating mechanism responsible for the mild and temporary cognitive deficits observed in the Morris water maze assay in Aß-injected animals. Interestingly, MSC engrafted not only to the hippocampus but were also detected in the choroid plexus. We thus conclude that MSC may act in multiple pathways to protect the CNS from Aß pathology, while neurogenesis is a possible compensating mechanism; it is not always activated by MSC, which in turn may interact with local immune cells to regulate Aß accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Nicole Hamisha
- Department of Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Milken Campus, Ariel University, Ariel, 40700, Israel
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Ashok A, Rai NK, Tripathi S, Bandyopadhyay S. Exposure to As-, Cd-, and Pb-mixture induces Aβ, amyloidogenic APP processing and cognitive impairments via oxidative stress-dependent neuroinflammation in young rats. Toxicol Sci 2014; 143:64-80. [PMID: 25288670 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental pollutants act as risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD), mainly affecting the aging population. We investigated early manifestations of AD-like pathology by a mixture of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb), reported to impair neurodevelopment. We treated rats with As+Cd+Pb at their concentrations detected in groundwater of India, ie, 0.38, 0.098, and 0.22 ppm or 10 times of each, respectively, from gestation-05 to postnatal day-180. We identified dose-dependent increase in amyloid-beta (Aβ) in frontal cortex and hippocampus as early as post-weaning. The effect was strongly significant during early-adulthood, reaching levels comparable to an Aβ-infused AD-like rat model. The metals activated the proamyloidogenic pathway, mediated by increase in amyloid precursor protein (APP), and subsequent beta secretase (BACE) and presenilin (PS)-mediated APP-processing. Investigating the mechanism of Aβ-induction revealed an augmentation in oxidative stress-dependent neuroinflammation that stimulated APP expression through interleukin-responsive-APP-mRNA 5'-untranslated region. We then examined the effects of individual metals and binary mixtures in comparison with the tertiary. Among individual metals, Pb triggered maximum induction of Aβ, whereas individual As or Cd had a relatively non-significant effect on Aβ despite enhanced APP, owing to reduced induction of BACE and PS. Interestingly, when combined the metals demonstrated synergism, with a major contribution by As. The synergistic effect was significant and consistent in tertiary mixture, resulting in the augmentation of Aβ. Eventually, increase in Aβ culminated in cognitive impairments in the young rats. Together, our data demonstrate that exposure to As+Cd+Pb induces premature manifestation of AD-like pathology that is synergistic, and oxidative stress and inflammation dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushruti Ashok
- *Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR campus, Lucknow and Developmental Toxicology Division, CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow 226001, India *Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR campus, Lucknow and Developmental Toxicology Division, CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Nagendra Kumar Rai
- *Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR campus, Lucknow and Developmental Toxicology Division, CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow 226001, India *Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR campus, Lucknow and Developmental Toxicology Division, CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Sachin Tripathi
- *Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR campus, Lucknow and Developmental Toxicology Division, CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay
- *Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR campus, Lucknow and Developmental Toxicology Division, CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow 226001, India *Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR campus, Lucknow and Developmental Toxicology Division, CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow 226001, India
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Brehmer Y, Kalpouzos G, Wenger E, Lövdén M. Plasticity of brain and cognition in older adults. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2014; 78:790-802. [PMID: 25261907 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-014-0587-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aging is typically related to changes in brain and cognition, but the aging process is heterogeneous and differs between individuals. Recent research has started investigating the influence of cognitive and physical training on cognitive performance, functional brain activity, and brain structure in old age. The functional relevance of neural changes and the interactions among these changes following interventions is still a matter of debate. Here we selectively review research on structural and functional brain correlates of training-induced performance changes in healthy older adults and present exemplary longitudinal intervention studies sorted by the type of training applied (i.e., strategy-based training, process-specific training, and physical exercise). Although many training studies have been conducted recently, within each task domain, the number of studies that used comparable methods and techniques to assess behavioral and neural changes is limited. We suggest that future studies should include a multimodal approach to enhance the understanding of the relation between different levels of brain changes in aging and those changes that result from training. Investigating inter-individual differences in intervention-induced behavioral and neuronal changes would provide more information about who would benefit from a specific intervention and why. In addition, a more systematic examination of the time course of training-related structural and functional changes would improve the current level of knowledge about how learning is implemented in the brain and facilitate our understanding of contradictory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Brehmer
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Center for Lifespan Psychology, Lentzeallee 94, 14195, Berlin, Germany,
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Rodríguez JJ, Yeh CY, Terzieva S, Olabarria M, Kulijewicz-Nawrot M, Verkhratsky A. Complex and region-specific changes in astroglial markers in the aging brain. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 35:15-23. [PMID: 23969179 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Morphological aging of astrocytes was investigated in entorhinal cortex (EC), dentate gyrus (DG), and cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) regions of hippocampus of male SV129/C57BL6 mice of different age groups (3, 9, 18, and 24 months). Astroglial profiles were visualized by immunohistochemistry by using glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), glutamine synthetase (GS), and s100β staining; these profiles were imaged using confocal or light microscopy for subsequent morphometric analysis. GFAP-positive profiles in the DG and the CA1 of the hippocampus showed progressive age-dependent hypertrophy, as indicated by an increase in surface, volume, and somata volume at 24 months of age compared with 3-month-old mice. In contrast with the hippocampal regions, aging induced a decrease in GFAP-positive astroglial profiles in the EC: the surface, volume, and cell body volume of astroglial cells at 24 months of age were decreased significantly compared with the 3-month group. The GS-positive astrocytes displayed smaller cellular surface areas at 24 months compared with 3-month-old animals in both areas of hippocampus, whereas GS-positive profiles remained unchanged in the EC of old mice. The morphometry of s100β-immunoreactive profiles revealed substantial increase in the EC, more moderate increase in the DG, and no changes in the CA1 area. Based on the morphological analysis of 3 astroglial markers, we conclude that astrocytes undergo a complex age-dependent remodeling in a brain region-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- José J Rodríguez
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain; Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU and CIBERNED, Leioa, Spain.
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