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Liu Y, Chai X, Sang B, Zhang S. Differences in the effect of adolescents' strategies for expressing academic emotions on academic emotions and peer acceptance in competitive and cooperative situations. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1407885. [PMID: 39021655 PMCID: PMC11252489 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1407885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Two studies were conducted to explore the differences in the effect of adolescents' strategies for expressing academic emotions. In Study 1 a total of 65 adolescents participated in the study of the relationship between academic emotions and strategies for expressing them in competitive and cooperative situations. In Study 2 a total of 113 adolescents participated in the study of the relationship between the strategies and peer acceptance in competitive and cooperative situations. The results showed that the relationship between academic emotions and strategies for expressing them in competitive and cooperative situations was situation stable while the relationship between the strategies and peer acceptance was situation specific. Furthermore, emotional expression may be more adaptive when experiencing positive academic emotions. When adolescents experience negative academic emotions, expressing them is more adaptive from the perspective of their own academic emotional experience; whereas suppressing them is more adaptive from the perspective of peer acceptance. These findings (a) clarify how to use more adaptive strategies for emotional expression in various situations and (b) serve as a guide for helping adolescents use strategies to express emotions flexibly according to the situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Wenbo College, East China University of Political Science and Law, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyun Chai
- Department of Applied Psychology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Biao Sang
- Lab for Educational Big Data and Policymaking, Shanghai Academy of Educational Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaohua Zhang
- School of Preschool Education, Xi’an University, Xi’an, China
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2
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Minihan S, Songco A, Fox E, Ladouceur CD, Mewton L, Moulds M, Pfeifer JH, Van Harmelen AL, Schweizer S. Affect and mental health across the lifespan during a year of the COVID-19 pandemic: The role of emotion regulation strategies and mental flexibility. Emotion 2024; 24:67-80. [PMID: 37199936 PMCID: PMC11064816 DOI: 10.1037/emo0001238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a rise in common mental health problems compared to prepandemic levels, especially in young people. Understanding the factors that place young people at risk is critical to guide the response to increased mental health problems. Here we examine whether age-related differences in mental flexibility and frequency of use of emotion regulation strategies partially account for the poorer affect and increased mental health problems reported by younger people during the pandemic. Participants (N = 2,367; 11-100 years) from Australia, the UK, and US were surveyed thrice at 3-month intervals between May 2020 and April 2021. Participants completed measures of emotion regulation, mental flexibility, affect, and mental health. Younger age was associated with less positive (b = 0.008, p < .001) and more negative (b = -0.015, p < .001) affect across the first year of the pandemic. Maladaptive emotion regulation partially accounted for age-related variance in negative affect (β = -0.013, p = .020), whereby younger age was associated with more frequent use of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies, which, in turn, was associated with more negative affect at our third assessment point. More frequent use of adaptive emotion regulation strategies, and in turn, changes in negative affect from our first to our third assessment, partially accounted for age-related variance in mental health problems (β = 0.007, p = .023). Our findings add to the growing literature demonstrating the vulnerability of younger people during the COVID-19 pandemic and suggest that emotion regulation may be a promising target for intervention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elaine Fox
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide
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Yu Q, Hernandez B, Swineford C, Walker N, MacNeill L, Zhang Y, Wakschlag LS, Wiggins JL. Toward an optimized assessment of adolescent psychopathology risk: Multilevel environmental profiles and child irritability as predictors. JCPP ADVANCES 2023; 3:e12180. [PMID: 38054055 PMCID: PMC10694535 DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescence is a developmental period during which youth experience vulnerability to psychopathology. To build the foundation for a parsimonious psychopathology risk calculator while capturing the complexity and dynamic nature of the environment, the current study aimed to identify distinct risk and resilience profiles with a wide range of environmental factors guided by Bronfenbrenner's biopsychosocial ecological system theory. The association between the early-mid childhood risk profiles and psychopathology in adolescence were examined. Moreover, the predictive utility of early childhood irritability was evaluated in addition to the risk profiles. Methods The data from Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study a nation-wide longitudinal study, were used in the latent profile analyses to identify the risk profiles with family, school, and neighborhood characteristics from 3 to 9 years old. To capture the socio-environmental and cultural nuances, we extracted three subsamples, including Black/African American (n = 2587), Hispanic/Latinx (n = 1577), and White (n = 776) for separate analyses. Risk profile memberships were used to predict adolescence psychopathology, including depression, anxiety, attention deficits, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder symptoms. The predictive utility of early childhood irritability above and beyond environmental risk profiles was evaluated using stepwise regression. Results Three risk profiles were identified in the Hispanic/Latinx and Black/African American subsamples, while four profiles were identified in White subsample. Almost all risk profile membership predicted both internalizing and externalizing psychopathology, while some profiles are predictive of externalizing symptoms only. Higher level of irritability predicted higher symptomatology in all five mental health outcomes above and beyond the environmental profiles. Conclusions Distinct risk and resilience profiles primarily driven by parent and family characteristics were identified for all three major race/ethnicity groups. Our findings lay the foundation for a more efficient multi-tiered information gathering process in mental health clinical settings to aid the decision making for intervention and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongru Yu
- San Diego State University/University of CaliforniaSan Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical PsychologySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Brianna Hernandez
- Department of PsychologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Conner Swineford
- Department of PsychologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Nia Walker
- Department of PsychologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Leigha MacNeill
- Department of Medical Social SciencesFeinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental SciencesNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Yudong Zhang
- Department of Medical Social SciencesFeinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental SciencesNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Lauren S. Wakschlag
- Department of Medical Social SciencesFeinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental SciencesNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Jillian L. Wiggins
- San Diego State University/University of CaliforniaSan Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical PsychologySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of PsychologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
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Clayton MG, Pollak OH, Prinstein MJ. Why Suicide? Suicide Propinquity and Adolescent Risk for Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2023; 26:904-918. [PMID: 37801188 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-023-00456-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Suicide represents an international public health concern, and for adolescents aged 14 to 18 in the United States, is the third leading cause of death (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2021 Youth Risk Behavior Survey Data. Available at: www.cdc.gov/yrbs . Accessed on August 30, 2023.). In response to this alarming rate, as well as the relative lack of meaningful progress in the prediction and prevention of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB) over the past decades (see Franklin et al., 2017), recent reviews of the suicide literature have advocated for the adoption of novel frameworks and theoretical reexamination of the processes that confer risk for suicide. Currently, the majority of suicide theories emphasize distal factors associated with suicide risk, but these factors also generalize to other types of psychopathology and do not answer the fundamental question of "why suicide?" vs. other maladaptive outcomes. In an effort to address this gap and build off existing theoretical and empirical science from various disciplines, the current theoretical paper will explore the concept of suicide propinquity, the degree of closeness and identification with STB, as a potential moderator of the link between psychological distress and suicide. Specifically, this paper: (1) provides context within the existing theories of suicide, highlighting gaps that might otherwise be explained by propinquity; (2) discusses historical and scientific evidence of suicide phenomena that support the existence of propinquity; (3) explores potential processes of how propinquity may confer risk for STB in adolescence; and (4) suggests future directions for research to examine adolescent suicide from a propinquity perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Clayton
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Davie Hall, Campus, Box 3270, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Olivia H Pollak
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Davie Hall, Campus, Box 3270, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mitchell J Prinstein
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Davie Hall, Campus, Box 3270, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Xie S, Liu J, Hu Y, Liu W, Ma C, Jin S, Zhang L, Kang Y, Ding Y, Zhang X, Hu Z, Cheng W, Yang Z. A normative model of brain responses to social scenarios reflects the maturity of children and adolescents' social-emotional abilities. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2023; 18:nsad062. [PMID: 37930841 PMCID: PMC10649363 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsad062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid brain maturation in childhood and adolescence accompanies the development of socio-emotional functioning. However, it is unclear how the maturation of the neural activity drives the development of socio-emotional functioning and individual differences. This study aimed to reflect the age dependence of inter-individual differences in brain responses to socio-emotional scenarios and to develop naturalistic imaging indicators to assess the maturity of socio-emotional ability at the individual level. Using three independent naturalistic imaging datasets containing healthy participants (n = 111, 21 and 122), we found and validated that age-modulated inter-individual concordance of brain responses to socio-emotional movies in specific brain regions. The similarity of an individual's brain response to the average response of older participants was defined as response typicality, which predicted an individual's emotion regulation strategies in adolescence and theory of mind (ToM) in childhood. Its predictive power was not superseded by age, sex, cognitive performance or executive function. We further showed that the movie's valence and arousal ratings grounded the response typicality. The findings highlight that forming typical brain response patterns may be a neural phenotype underlying the maturation of socio-emotional ability. The proposed response typicality represents a neuroimaging approach to measure individuals' maturity of cognitive reappraisal and ToM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Xie
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201108, China
| | - Changminghao Ma
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201108, China
| | - Shuyu Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yinzhi Kang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yue Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiaochen Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Zhishan Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Wenhong Cheng
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201108, China
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
- Institute of Psychological and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100035, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100054, China
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Yang CC, Llamas-Díaz D, Bahena YA, Cabello R, Dahl RE, Magis-Weinberg L. Emotion regulation difficulties and sleep quality in adolescence during the early stages of the COVID-19 lockdown. J Affect Disord 2023; 338:92-99. [PMID: 37230269 PMCID: PMC10204279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescence is a period of vulnerability for emotion regulation and sleep difficulties, risks that might be compounded by intense COVID-19 lockdowns and challenges. The aim of this study was to investigate how sleep quality related to emotion regulation difficulties in adolescents during lockdown in Perú. METHODS Participants were 2563 adolescents enrolled in Innova school in Perú (11 - -17 years) in May 2020. Hypotheses were derived from exploring one half of the sample, preregistered at https://osf.io/fuetz/, and then confirmed in the second half of the sample. Participants completed subjective surveys of sleep quality (short PSQI) and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale Short Form (DERS-SF). RESULTS Worse sleep quality was robustly associated with more difficulties in emotion regulation across both samples. The association was found particularly for emotion regulation subscales related to the ability to engage in goal directed behavior in the face of distress, emotional clarity and strategies to deal with feeling distressed. In contrast, there was no robust association between sleep and the ability to regulate impulses in the context of negative emotions, and no association with the ability to accept emotions. Girls and older adolescents robustly endorsed worse sleep quality and more difficulties in emotion regulation. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional nature of this study prevents us from determining the direction of the association. Data were collected using adolescent self-report which, while informative of adolescent perceptions, might diverge from objective measures of sleep or emotion regulation difficulties. CONCLUSIONS Our findings with adolescents in Perú contribute to our understanding of the association between sleep and emotion regulation at a broader global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chi Yang
- School of Education, University of California, Berkeley; Institute of Human Development, University of California, Berkeley, United States of America.
| | | | - Yailin Alvarez Bahena
- Institute of Human Development, University of California, Berkeley, United States of America.
| | - Rosario Cabello
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Malaga.
| | - Ronald E Dahl
- Institute of Human Development, University of California, Berkeley, United States of America.
| | - Lucía Magis-Weinberg
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States of America.
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Rosharudin NA, Muhammad NA, Mohd Daud TI, Hoesni SM, Yusoff SR, Razman MOI, Mohd Ali M, Khairuddin KF, Mohd Kari DNP. Psychometric properties of the Malay version of the difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-18 in Malaysian adolescents. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289551. [PMID: 37639447 PMCID: PMC10461853 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-18 (DERS-18) is an instrument used to measure deficits in emotion regulation. However, the instrument has not been adapted to Malaysians and has never been validated in the Malay language. This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Malay version of DERS-18. METHOD The DERS-18 underwent forward-backward translation and assessment of face and content validity. Both Malay version of the DERS-18 and DASS-21 were completed by 701 adolescents (44.4% boys) aged 13 and 14 years old. To assess its dependability, a floor and ceiling effect evaluation and Cronbach's analysis were both performed. A series of confirmatory factor analyses (CFA), bivariate correlation, and regression were performed to evaluate the construct and criterion validity, respectively. RESULTS The Malay version of DERS-18, after excluding "Awareness", indicated excellent reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.93), and acceptable internal consistency for each subscale (range of α from 0.63 to 0.82). Floor or ceiling effects were observed at item level and subscale level, but not at total level. CFA results revealed that the Malay version of the DERS-18 bifactor model (excluding "Awareness") portrayed the best construct validity (χ2/df = 2.673, RMSEA = 0.049, CFI = 0.977, TLI = 0.968) compared to a single factor, a correlated factor, and a higher-order factor model. The DERS-18 subscales (except "Awareness") and DERS-18 total scores were significantly correlated with stress, anxiety, and depression in a positive direction (r ranged from 0.62 to 0.64, p < 0.01). The general factor of the DERS-18 and its specific factors ("Clarity", "Goals", and "Non-Acceptance") significantly predicted the symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression (R2 ranged from 0.44 to 0.46, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The Malay version of the DERS-18, excluding "Awareness", possessed good reliability, construct validity, and criterion validity to assess emotion dysregulation among Malaysian adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Afrina Rosharudin
- Centre for Research in Psychology and Human Well-Being, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noor Azimah Muhammad
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tuti Iryani Mohd Daud
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Mohd Hoesni
- Centre for Research in Psychology and Human Well-Being, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Rashidah Yusoff
- Centre for Research in Psychology and Human Well-Being, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Omar Ihsan Razman
- Centre for Research in Psychology and Human Well-Being, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Manisah Mohd Ali
- Centre for Research in Education and Community Wellbeing, Faculty of Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Khairul Farhah Khairuddin
- Centre for Research in Education and Community Wellbeing, Faculty of Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Dharatun Nissa Puad Mohd Kari
- Department of Counselor Education and Counseling Psychology, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Gómez-Peresmitré G, Platas-Acevedo RS, León-Hernández R, Guzmán-Saldaña R. Self-Injurious Behavior and Its Characteristics in a Sample of Mexican Adolescent Students. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1682. [PMID: 37372799 PMCID: PMC10298567 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11121682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a difficult stage, a period of risk for developing disorders, including depression and self-injurious behavior. A non-random sample was drawn (n = 563) from first-year high school students (32.8%) 185 males and 378 females (67.14%) from public schools in Mexico. The age range was 15 and 19 years, with a mean age of 15.63 (SD = 0.78). According to the results, the sample was divided into n1 = 414 (73.3%) adolescents without self-injury (S.I.) and n2 = 149 (26.4%) S.I. adolescents. In addition, results were obtained on methods, motives, time, and frequency of S.I., and a model was generated in which depression and first sexual experience obtained the highest Odd Ratio and d values in their relationship with S.I. Finally, we contrasted the results with earlier reports and concluded that depression is an important variable in S.I. behavior. Early S.I. detection will prevent the aggravation of S.I. and suicide attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilda Gómez-Peresmitré
- Faculty of Psychology, The National Autonomous University of Mexico, Av. Universidad 3004 Col Copilco-Universidad, Alcaldía, Coyoacán, Mexico City C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - Romana Silvia Platas-Acevedo
- Faculty of Psychology, The National Autonomous University of Mexico, Av. Universidad 3004 Col Copilco-Universidad, Alcaldía, Coyoacán, Mexico City C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo León-Hernández
- National Council of Science and Technology, Avenida Insurgentes Sur 1582, Crédito Constructor, Ciudad de México C.P. 03940, Mexico
| | - Rebeca Guzmán-Saldaña
- Institute of Health Sciences, Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo, Camino a Tilcuautla s/n Pueblo San Juan Tilcuautla, Hidalgo C.P. 42160, Mexico
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Mumford EA, Liu W, Copp JE, Taylor BG, MacLean K, Giordano PC. Relationship Dynamics and Abusive Interactions in a National Sample of Youth and Young Adults. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:3139-3164. [PMID: 35670216 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221104536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Stemming intimate partner violence among adults demands earlier education and skill-building supportive of healthy youth and young adult dating relationships. The current U.S.-based study examines a spectrum of youth and young adult relationship dynamics (RDs), inclusive of abusive interactions. In a nationally representative cohort of youth aged 10-18 at baseline and one parent or caregiver, survey responses regarding RDs from 618 participants ages 15-23 at wave 5 follow-up were analyzed. Latent class analysis of four positive dynamics, six problematic dynamics, and three scales of adolescent relationship abuse (ARA) were estimated, yielding four latent profiles of dating RDs. Relationships characterized by Unhealthy and Intense RDs both exhibited high probability of ARA but differed from each other in terms of other positive and problematic dynamics. Relationships characterized by Disengaged RDs had lower probability of ARA but elevated probability of awkward communications, negative feelings, social liability, and other challenging dynamics. Several baseline covariates were significantly associated with profiles of dating RDs approximately 5 years later. Younger participants were more likely to subsequently fall in an Intense or Disengaged RDs profile, as were participants with baseline emotional health problems. Further, classification in the Unhealthy RDs profile was less likely for participants reporting a better baseline relationship with their parents and more likely for those exposed to violence in childhood. These findings suggest that in addition to developmental maturity, youth and young adults would benefit from closer investigation and processing of past emotional and relational issues and traumas to foster healthier dating relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Weiwei Liu
- NORC at the University of Chicago, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Kai MacLean
- NORC at the University of Chicago, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Mohd Ali M, Mohd Hoesni S, Rosharudin NA, Yusoff SR, Razman MOI, Khairuddin KF, Mohd Daud TI, Muhammad NA, Puad Mohd Kari DN. Translation and Validation of the Malay Version of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (ERQ-CA). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11399. [PMID: 36141671 PMCID: PMC9517358 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (ERQ-CA) has been translated and adapted globally. This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Malay version of the ERQ-CA. The ERQ-CA underwent forward and back translation twice and was tested in two separate studies, Study 1 and Study 2, with 296 and 359 students aged between 13 and 14 years old, respectively. Cronbach's alpha values were calculated, and confirmatory factor analysis was conducted. The results from Study 1 demonstrate good internal consistency for cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. The results indicate a good factor loading for most of the items, but only one value of the goodness-of-fit met the criteria for a good fit. The results from Study 2 show improvements in the values of the goodness-of-fit that are comparable to previous studies, but there was a decrease in the factor loading scores. Overall, the Malay version of the ERQ-CA possesses acceptable reliability and validity. Further studies are required in the near future to develop a Malay version of the ERQ-CA that reasonably represents Malaysian adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisah Mohd Ali
- Centre for Research in Education & Community Wellbeing, Faculty of Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Mohd Hoesni
- Centre for Research in Psychology and Human Well-Being, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Afrina Rosharudin
- Centre for Research in Psychology and Human Well-Being, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Rashidah Yusoff
- Centre for Research in Psychology and Human Well-Being, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Omar Ihsan Razman
- Centre for Research in Psychology and Human Well-Being, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Khairul Farhah Khairuddin
- Centre for Research in Education & Community Wellbeing, Faculty of Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tuti Iryani Mohd Daud
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Noor Azimah Muhammad
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Dharatun Nissa Puad Mohd Kari
- Department of Counselor Education and Counseling Psychology, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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Signal DM, Hofman PL. Type 1 diabetes youth with disordered eating: Is there a disproportionate impact on ethnic minorities and indigenous peoples? J Paediatr Child Health 2022; 58:562-565. [PMID: 35244960 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.15926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus consistently have suboptimal glycaemic control and worse outcomes, and this is especially true for adolescents from indigenous communities and ethnic minorities. It is increasingly recognised that disordered eating is common in adolescents and likely causes a disproportionate impact on glycaemic outcomes and psychological morbidity. Eating disorders may be even more common in indigenous and ethnic minority populations and be another reason why it is harder to achieve recommended glycaemic targets in this group. In this viewpoint, we explore the issues around disordered eating in this vulnerable group, the difficulties in diagnosis and the challenges in management. We focus in particular on the outcomes in the more disadvantaged adolescents with type 1 diabetes, especially indigenous groups and ethnic minorities, an area where there have been few publications and generally less recognition to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Michelle Signal
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Starship Children's Hospital, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Paul Leslie Hofman
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Starship Children's Hospital, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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12
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Owusu DN, Owusu Ansah K, Dey NEY, Duah HO, Agbadi P. Bullying and truancy amongst school-going adolescents in Timor-Leste: results from the 2015 global school-based health survey. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08797. [PMID: 35106390 PMCID: PMC8789538 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies in Southeast Asia found that bullying commonly occurred among students, and it has a detrimental impact on their school attendance. However, there is a paucity of literature in Timor-Leste on the association between bullying and truancy. Therefore, this study examined the association between bullying and truancy among Timor-Leste school-going adolescents. METHODS We used the 2015 Timor-Leste Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) dataset to examine our hypothesis in logistic regression models for both full adolescents (N = 3609) and gender stratified samples. The models further controlled for other sociodemographic variables. Statistical significance was pegged at p ≤ 0.05, and the analyses were performed in Stata version 14. RESULTS About 28% [95% CI:25.7, 30.8] and 36% [95% CI:33.5, 39.5] of school-going adolescents had experienced bullying and truancy, respectively. In-school adolescents who were bullied were more likely to be truant in school even after controlling for the effects of sex, age, grade in school, food insecurity, current substance use, number of friends, colleague support, and parental involvement. This relationship remained significant in the full and gender stratified models. Additionally, school-going adolescents who were currently using substances were truant. Males who were in a physical fight while females who were physically attacked were more likely to be truant. CONCLUSION The study showed that bullying was related to truancy among school-going adolescents in Timor-Leste. Implementation of interventions such as Project START (Stop Truancy and Recommend Treatment) to curtail the incidence of bullying, regulation of current substance use, creating an enabling environment to reduce physical fights, and attacks will significantly reduce the rate of truancy among school-going adolescents in Timor-Leste.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Pascal Agbadi
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB, Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Sociology and Social Policy, Lingnan University, 8 Castle Peak Road, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong
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13
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Zhou Y, Yu NX, Dong P, Zhang Q. Stressful life events and children's socioemotional difficulties: Conditional indirect effects of resilience and executive function. J Exp Child Psychol 2021; 216:105345. [PMID: 34968743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2021.105345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although the association between life stress and children's socioemotional difficulties has been widely documented, few studies have adopted a cognitive-based resilience framework studying preadolescent psychosocial adjustment. This study examined whether the stress-difficulties associations are mediated by resilience and moderated by executive function (EF). A sample of 144 typically developing Chinese children (aged 10-12 years) completed measures assessing stressful life events, socioemotional difficulties, resilience, and computer-based EF (including working memory [WM] capacity and WM updating, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility). The results showed that stressful life events were positively associated with socioemotional difficulties through the mediating effect of diminished resilience. The direct and indirect effects of stressful life events on socioemotional difficulties varied across individual differences in EF. Specifically, compared with low to medium levels, high-level WM capacity and WM updating moderated the association between stressful life events and socioemotional difficulties. Cognitive flexibility moderated both direct and indirect effects, showing that for children with low to medium levels of cognitive flexibility, life stress was positively associated with socioemotional difficulties via the role of lower resilience; however, for those with high levels of cognitive flexibility, the direct and indirect effects were not significant. Inhibitory control showed significant direct associations with resilience and socioemotional difficulties but failed to be a moderator. The characteristics of the low-stress sample might limit the generalizability of this study. Nevertheless, our findings provide a rationale for integrating a cognitive-based resilience process and the multifaceted structure of EF to understand and promote preadolescents' positive adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Zhou
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Nancy Xiaonan Yu
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Peiqi Dong
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China.
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14
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West M, Rice S, Vella-Brodrick D. Exploring the “Social” in Social Media: Adolescent Relatedness—Thwarted and Supported. JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/07435584211062158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The pervasiveness of social media in adolescents’ lives has important implications for their relationships. Considering today’s adolescents have grown up with social media, research capturing their unique perspectives of how social media impacts their relationships is needed to increase understanding and help guide behaviors that nurture social-connectedness. Utilizing multiple qualitative methods, this study explores adolescents’ perspectives of how their social media use impacts their relationships. The sample comprised 36, Year 9 students aged 15 years from four metropolitan schools in Melbourne, Australia. All participants completed a rich picture mapping activity and focus group discussions. To gain deeper understandings, a sub-sample of 11 adolescents participated in subsequent one-on-one interviews. Reflexive thematic analysis generated two overarching themes (1) developing and strengthening relationships and (2) diminishing relationships. Sub-themes included; making new friends, maintaining relationships, deepening connections, enhancing belonging, rifts and strains, and anti-social behavior. Findings revealed nuanced insights into “how” and “why” adolescents believe social media impacts relationships. Adolescents explained that social media transforms interactions through amplifying and intensifying relational experiences resulting in both beneficial and detrimental outcomes for their relationships. Cultivating the positive aspects of adolescents’ social media use whilst mitigating the negative is important toward supporting relatedness and fostering wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique West
- Centre for Wellbeing Science, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon Rice
- Centre for Wellbeing Science, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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15
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Monell E, Birgegård A, Nordgren L, Hesser H, Bjureberg J. Factor structure and clinical correlates of the original and 16-item version of the Difficulties In Emotion Regulation Scale in adolescent girls with eating disorders. J Clin Psychol 2021; 78:1201-1219. [PMID: 34855219 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) is increasingly used in adolescents. This study is the first to examine the factor structure, measurement, and structural invariance across age, reliability, and validity of the original 36-item and 16-item version of the DERS in adolescents with eating disorders. METHODS Several models were examined using confirmatory factor analysis. Measurement and structural invariance were studied across age groups, and Omega, Omega Hierarchical, and criterion validity were examined. RESULTS A bifactor model, with five subscales, showed acceptable fit in both DERS versions. Measurement and structural invariance held across age. The general factor had high reliability and accounted for a large proportion of variance in eating pathology and emotional symptoms. CONCLUSION The Awareness subscale had a negative effect on fit in DERS, but both DERS versions were reliable and valid measures in both younger and older adolescents with eating disorders when using only five subscales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Monell
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Birgegård
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Line Nordgren
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hugo Hesser
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,School of Law, Psychology and Social Work, Center for Health and Medical Psychology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Johan Bjureberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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16
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Dos Santos AT, Soares FC, Lima RA, Dos Santos SJ, Silva CRDM, Bezerra J, de Barros MVG. Violence and psychosocial stress: A 10-year time trend analysis. J Affect Disord 2021; 295:116-122. [PMID: 34419779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to analyze the temporal trend of psychosocial stress and its association between exposure to violence in adolescents. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study of temporal trends based on three school-based and statewide surveys with regular intervals of five years. The target population consisted of high school students from public schools. A total of 4,207 adolescents were evaluated in 2006, 6,264 in 2011, and 6,002 in 2016. The psychosocial stress indicator was the dependent study variable and was analyzed according to questions: a) Feeling of loneliness; b) Feeling of sadness; c) Difficulty sleeping due to worry; d) Number of close friends; e) Suicide ideation. Exposure variables were exposure to physical violence, involvement in fights and bullying. Logistic and linear regressions were used to verify the temporal trend of psychosocial stress, and to analyze the association between exposure of violence and psychosocial stress. RESULTS Regardless of gender, the psychosocial stress score increasing trend between 2006 and 2016. The girls showed a variation in the feeling of loneliness from 18.7% to 22.8%, and suicide ideation increased from 10.4% to 14.2% between 2006 and 2016. All types of violence were associated with greater psychosocial stress for both boys and girls. CONCLUSION Adolescents had a higher prevalence of feelings of loneliness, difficulty sleeping due to worry and suicide ideation during the period from 2006 to 2016, regardless of gender. Exposure to violence is associated with psychosocial stress in both genders, however, the strongest associations occurred in girls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernanda Cunha Soares
- Research Group on Lifestyles and Health, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil; Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Rodrigo Antunes Lima
- Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
| | | | | | - Jorge Bezerra
- Research Group on Lifestyles and Health, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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17
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Villanueva CM, Silton RL, Heller W, Barch DM, Gruber J. Change is on the horizon: call to action for the study of positive emotion and reward in psychopathology. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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18
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Zanus C, Battistutta S, Aliverti R, Monasta L, Montico M, Ronfani L, Carrozzi M. High-school students and self-injurious thoughts and behaviours: clues of emotion dysregulation. Ital J Pediatr 2021; 47:14. [PMID: 33482895 PMCID: PMC7821399 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-021-00958-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Suicide attempts and self-harm in adolescence are a major public health concern: they are among the main causes of disability-adjusted life-years worldwide, with severe long-term health consequences in terms of mental illness and psychiatric hospitalisation and a significantly increased risk of suicide. Several studies recently focused on the hypothesis that adolescents may be particularly vulnerable to emotional dysregulation and on the relation between problems with emotion regulation and suicidal and self-harming behaviours. Italian epidemiological data about prevalence of these behaviours at the community level are lacking. Our study aimed to estimate the prevalence of self-injurious thoughts and behaviours (SITBs) in a representative sample of community adolescents, and to examine the association between SITBs and the emotional and behavioural profiles. Methods Anonymous self-report questionnaires were completed by 1507 students aged 11–18 years from 24 high schools in the North-eastern Italian region of Friuli Venezia Giulia. Information was collected on SITBs, on the socio-environmental context, and on the psychological profile (‘Achenbach’s YSR questionnaire 11–18, Multidimensional Test of Self-harm and Multi-Attitude Suicide Tendency Scale). Results Overall, 11.1% of adolescents reported self-harming behaviours without suicide ideation or attempts, 6.4% declared having thought to suicide without acting a suicide attempt or self-harm, 1.4% declared having attempted suicide and really thought to take away their life. Access to health services following a suicide thought, a self-harming behaviour or suicide attempt was infrequent, particularly for suicide ideation. At the YSR, all the SITBs groups reported high scores in almost all scales, with the most evident differences in the self-harming groups in which adolescents reported significantly higher scores in all scales, both internalising and externalising. An emotion dysregulation profile was found in almost all the groups. Conclusions This study provides us with an estimate of the prevalence of SITBs in the adolescent population and confirms the importance of further investigating the association between SITBs and emotion dysregulation. The naturalistic setting of community studies appears to be useful for studies in this field, and it allows to approach the onerous and often neglected issue of adolescent suicidality. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13052-021-00958-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Zanus
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Sara Battistutta
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Service, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy
| | - Renata Aliverti
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Monasta
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy.
| | - Marcella Montico
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Ronfani
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Marco Carrozzi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
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19
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Cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression relate differentially to longitudinal structural brain development across adolescence. Cortex 2021; 136:109-123. [PMID: 33545616 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Emotional disorders commonly emerge in adolescence, a period characterized by changes in emotion-related processes. Thus, the ability to regulate emotions is crucial for well-being and adaptive social functioning during this period. Concurrently, the brain undergoes large structural and functional changes. We investigated relations between tendencies to use two emotion regulation strategies, cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression, and structural development of the cerebral cortex and subcortical structures (specifically amygdala and nucleus accumbens given these structures are frequently associated with emotion regulation). A total of 112 participants (59 females) aged 8-26 were followed for up to 3 times over a 7-year period, providing 272 observations. Participants completed the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), yielding a measure of tendencies to use cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression at the final time point. Linear mixed model analyses were performed to account for the longitudinal nature of the data. Contrary to expectations, volumetric growth of the amygdala and nucleus accumbens was not associated with either emotion regulation strategy. However, frequent use of expressive suppression was linked to greater regionally-specific apparent cortical thinning in both sexes, while tendency to use cognitive reappraisal was associated with greater regionally-specific apparent thinning in females and less thinning in males. Although cognitive reappraisal is traditionally associated with cognitive control regions of the brain, our results suggest it is also associated with regions involved in social cognition and semantics. The continued changes in cortical morphology and their associations with habitual use of different emotion regulation strategies indicate continued plasticity during this period, and represent an opportunity for interventions targeting emotion regulation for adolescents at risk.
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20
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Pinto R, De Castro MV, Silva L, Jongenelen I, Maia A, Levendosky AA. The Impact of Psychopathology Associated With Childhood Trauma on Quality of Life in Portuguese Adolescents: A Two-Wave Longitudinal Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:650700. [PMID: 34658939 PMCID: PMC8517175 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.650700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to explore the mediating effect of psychopathology between childhood adversity and trauma and quality of life (QOL) in adolescents. The second aim of the study was testing the moderation by social support of this mediation effect. Methods: Self-reports of childhood adversity and trauma, QOL, social support, and psychopathology were collected from 150 Portuguese adolescents' who had been exposed to at least one traumatic event or one childhood adversity (M age = 16.89, SD = 1.32). The surveys were administered at two time points with an approximate time interval of 1 year. Results: Indirect effects were observed for depression (B = -0.33, CI [-0.62, -0.11]), somatization (B = -0.52, CI [-0.82, -0.23]), and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) (B = -0.23, CI [-0.45, -0.01]), but not for anxiety (B = 0.20, CI [-0.08, 0.50]). A moderated mediation was found between social support and depression (B = -0.10, CI [-16, -0.04]), and PTSS (B = 0.03, CI [-0.1, -0.05]), but not for somatization (B = -0.02, CI [-0.8, 0.05]). Conclusions: We found that depression and somatization were strong mediators of the relationship between adversity/trauma and QOL, whereas PTSS was moderately mediated this relationship. Anxiety did not mediate this relationship. The moderated-mediation effect of social support was only found for depression and PTSS. The improvement of QOL in adolescents exposed to childhood adversity and trauma should include the assessment of psychopathology symptoms and social support, with the aim of identifying risk and protective factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Pinto
- HEI-Lab: Digital Human-Environment Interaction Lab, Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sports, Universidade Lusófona do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Vieira De Castro
- Institute of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Lusíada University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Laura Silva
- HEI-Lab: Digital Human-Environment Interaction Lab, Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sports, Universidade Lusófona do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Jongenelen
- HEI-Lab: Digital Human-Environment Interaction Lab, Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sports, Universidade Lusófona do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Angela Maia
- School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Alytia A Levendosky
- Department of Psychology, College of Social Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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21
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Lee YJ, Guell X, Hubbard NA, Siless V, Frosch IR, Goncalves M, Lo N, Nair A, Ghosh SS, Hofmann SG, Auerbach RP, Pizzagalli DA, Yendiki A, Gabrieli JDE, Whitfield-Gabrieli S, Anteraper SA. Functional Alterations in Cerebellar Functional Connectivity in Anxiety Disorders. THE CEREBELLUM 2020; 20:392-401. [PMID: 33210245 PMCID: PMC8213597 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-020-01213-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents with anxiety disorders exhibit excessive emotional and somatic arousal. Neuroimaging studies have shown abnormal cerebral cortical activation and connectivity in this patient population. The specific role of cerebellar output circuitry, specifically the dentate nuclei (DN), in adolescent anxiety disorders remains largely unexplored. Resting-state functional connectivity analyses have parcellated the DN, the major output nuclei of the cerebellum, into three functional territories (FTs) that include default-mode, salience-motor, and visual networks. The objective of this study was to understand whether FTs of the DN are implicated in adolescent anxiety disorders. Forty-one adolescents (mean age 15.19 ± 0.82, 26 females) with one or more anxiety disorders and 55 age- and gender-matched healthy controls completed resting-state fMRI scans and a self-report survey on anxiety symptoms. Seed-to-voxel functional connectivity analyses were performed using the FTs from DN parcellation. Brain connectivity metrics were then correlated with State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) measures within each group. Adolescents with an anxiety disorder showed significant hyperconnectivity between salience-motor DN FT and cerebral cortical salience-motor regions compared to controls. Salience-motor FT connectivity with cerebral cortical sensorimotor regions was significantly correlated with STAI-trait scores in HC (R2 = 0.41). Here, we report DN functional connectivity differences in adolescents diagnosed with anxiety, as well as in HC with variable degrees of anxiety traits. These observations highlight the relevance of DN as a potential clinical and sub-clinical marker of anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Ji Lee
- Department of Psychology, ISEC 672D, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | - Nicholas A Hubbard
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.,Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Viviana Siless
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Nicole Lo
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Atira Nair
- Department of Psychology, ISEC 672D, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Satrajit S Ghosh
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Anastasia Yendiki
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli
- Department of Psychology, ISEC 672D, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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22
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Silvers JA. Extinction Learning and Cognitive Reappraisal: Windows Into the Neurodevelopment of Emotion Regulation. CHILD DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/cdep.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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23
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Emotion regulation processes linking peer victimization to anxiety and depression symptoms in adolescence. Dev Psychopathol 2019; 31:999-1009. [PMID: 31097052 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579419000543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Difficulties with emotion regulation can take many forms, including increased sensitivity to emotional cues and habitual use of maladaptive cognitive or behavioral regulation strategies. Despite extensive research on emotion regulation and youth adjustment, few studies integrate multiple measures of emotion regulation. The present study evaluated the underlying structure of emotion regulation processes in adolescence using both task- and survey-based measures and determined whether differences in these emotion regulation latent factors mediated the association between peer victimization and internalizing psychopathology. Adolescents aged 16-17 years (n = 287; 55% female; 42% White) recruited in three urban centers in the United States completed baseline and follow-up assessments 4 months apart. Three models of emotion regulation were evaluated with confirmatory factor analysis. A three-factor model fit the data best, including cognitive regulation, behavioral regulation, and emotional reactivity latent factors. Task-based measures did not load onto these latent factors. Difficulties with behavioral regulation mediated the association between peer victimization and depression symptoms, whereas cognitive regulation difficulties mediated the association with anxiety symptoms. Findings point to potential targets for intervention efforts to reduce risk for internalizing problems in adolescents following experiences of peer victimization.
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24
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Chiang JJ, Cole SW, Bower JE, Irwin MR, Taylor SE, Arevalo J, Fuligni AJ. Daily interpersonal stress, sleep duration, and gene regulation during late adolescence. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 103:147-155. [PMID: 30690224 PMCID: PMC8447850 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological stress and poor sleep are associated with a wide range of negative health outcomes, which are thought to be mediated in part by alterations in immune processes. However, the molecular bases of links among stress, sleep, and immune processes are not completely understood, particularly during adolescence when sensitivity to stress and problems with sleep tend to increase. In the current study, we investigated whether various stressors (daily stress, major life events, perceived stress), sleep indices (duration, efficiency), and their interactions (e.g., moderating effects) are associated with expression of genes bearing response elements for transcription factors that regulate inflammatory and anti-viral processes. METHOD Eighty-seven late adolescents completed daily checklists of their social experiences across a 15-day period and reported on their major life events during the previous year. They also completed actigraphy-based assessments of sleep quality and duration during 8 consecutive nights. An average of 5.5 months later, participants reported on their global perceptions of stress during the previous month and provided blood samples for genome-wide expression profiling of mRNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). RESULTS Higher levels of daily interpersonal stress and shorter sleep duration were associated with upregulation of inflammation-related genes bearing response elements for proinflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Shorter sleep duration was also linked to downregulation of antiviral-related genes bearing response elements for interferon response factors (IRFs). Lastly, there was a significant interaction between daily stress and shorter sleep duration, such that the association between daily stress and inflammation-related gene expression was exacerbated in the context of shorter sleep duration. Results were independent of sex, ethnicity, parent education, body mass index, and smoking and alcohol history. CONCLUSION Everyday interpersonal stress and shortened sleep can be consequential for upstream NF-κB signaling pathways relevant to inflammatory processes during late adolescence. Notably, the occurrence of both may lead to even greater activation of NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J. Chiang
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, United States,Corresponding author at: Foundations of Health Research Center, 1801 Maple Avenue, Suite 2450, Evanston, 60201, IL, United States. (J.J. Chiang)
| | - Steve W. Cole
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, United States,Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Julienne E. Bower
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, United States,Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States,Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Michael R. Irwin
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, United States,Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States,Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Shelley E. Taylor
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Jesusa Arevalo
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, United States,Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Andrew J. Fuligni
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, United States,Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States,Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
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van Hoorn J, McCormick EM, Telzer EH. Moderate social sensitivity in a risky context supports adaptive decision making in adolescence: evidence from brain and behavior. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2018. [PMID: 29529318 PMCID: PMC6007597 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsy016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a time of increased social-affective sensitivity, which is often related to heightened health-risk behaviors. However, moderate levels of social sensitivity, relative to either low (social vacuum) or high levels (exceptionally attuned), may confer benefits as it facilitates effective navigation of the social world. The present fMRI study tested a curvilinear relationship between social sensitivity and adaptive decision-making. Participants (ages 12-16; N = 35) played the Social Analogue Risk Task, which measures participants' willingness to knock on doors in order to earn points. With each knock, the facial expression of the house's resident shifted from happy to somewhat angrier. If the resident became too angry, the door slammed and participants lost points. Social sensitivity was defined as the extent to which adolescents adjusted their risky choices based on shifting facial expressions. Results confirmed a curvilinear relationship between social sensitivity and self-reported adaptive decision-making at the behavioral and neural level. Moderate adolescent social sensitivity was modulated via heightened tracking of social cues in the temporoparietal junction, insula and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and related to adaptive decision-making. These findings suggest that social-affective sensitivity may positively impact outcomes in adolescence and have implications for interventions to help adolescents reach mature social goals into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorien van Hoorn
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ethan M McCormick
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Eva H Telzer
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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26
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Amygdala functional connectivity is associated with social impairments in preterm born young adults. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2018; 21:101626. [PMID: 30545688 PMCID: PMC6413301 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.101626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Survivors of preterm birth experience long-lasting behavioral problems characterized by increased risk of depression, anxiety, and impairments in social functioning. The amygdala is a key region for social functioning and alterations in amygdala structure and connectivity are thought to underlie social functioning deficits in many disorders, including preterm birth. However, functional connectivity of the amygdala and its association with social impairments is not well-studied in preterm participants (PTs). In a group of late adolescents born very PT (600–1250 g birth weight), measures of social and emotional development were examined using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) administered at age 16 (66 term and 161 preterm participants), the Youth Self Report (YSR) administered at age 16 (56 term and 45 preterm participants), and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS) administered at age 18 (71 term and 190 preterm participants). Amygdala functional connectivity was also examined using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging at age 20 (17 term and 19 preterm participants). By parent report, preterm-born adolescents demonstrate increased social impairment compared to their term-born peers. Amygdala connectivity is altered for those prematurely-born, and markers of social functioning correlate with altered amygdala-PCC connectivity. These findings add to knowledge regarding the developmental trajectory of amygdala connectivity in PT and suggest a possible neural underpinning for the well-characterized social impairment experienced by prematurely-born individuals. By parent report, preterm adolescents demonstrate increased social impairment. By self-report, preterm adolescents demonstrate no social impairment. Amygdalar connectivity is altered for those preterm young adults. Markers of social functioning correlate with altered amygdala-PCC connectivity.
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Understanding the Constellation of Adolescent Emotional Clarity and Cognitive Response Styles when Predicting Depression: A Latent Class Analysis. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2018; 42:803-812. [PMID: 33223584 DOI: 10.1007/s10608-018-9930-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of human development associated with increased emotional intensity and heightened vulnerability to developing psychopathology. This study used Latent Class Analysis to identify subgroups of youth based on emotional clarity and cognitive response styles. Participants were 436 adolescents (51.8% female; 48.2% African-American/Black, 47.4% Caucasian/White) who completed measures of emotional clarity, cognitive response styles, and depression at baseline (M = 13.02 years, SD = .83), and at a 1-year and 4-year follow-up. Four classes were identified and used to predict depression outcomes. Overall, youth with above average emotional clarity who reported using a variety of adaptive cognitive response styles also had the lowest level of depressive symptoms at baseline. Class membership did not predict depressive symptoms at any follow-up. The results suggest that the unique profiles based on youth reported levels of emotional clarity and use of problem solving, distraction, and rumination, may not be more predictive of depression outcomes, beyond earlier assessments of depression or by examining these facets in isolation.
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28
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Rosen ML, Sheridan MA, Sambrook KA, Dennison MJ, Jenness JL, Askren MK, Meltzoff AN, McLaughlin KA. Salience network response to changes in emotional expressions of others is heightened during early adolescence: relevance for social functioning. Dev Sci 2018; 21:e12571. [PMID: 28557315 PMCID: PMC5709230 DOI: 10.1111/desc.12571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a unique developmental period when the salience of social and emotional information becomes particularly pronounced. Although this increased sensitivity to social and emotional information has frequently been considered with respect to risk behaviors and psychopathology, evidence suggests that increased adolescent sensitivity to social and emotional cues may confer advantages. For example, greater sensitivity to shifts in the emotions of others is likely to promote flexible and adaptive social behavior. In this study, a sample of 54 children and adolescents (age 8-19 years) performed a delayed match-to-sample task for emotional faces while undergoing fMRI scanning. Recruitment of the anterior cingulate and anterior insula when the emotion of the probe face did not match the emotion held in memory followed a quadratic developmental pattern that peaked during early adolescence. These findings indicate meaningful developmental variation in the neural mechanisms underlying sensitivity to changes in the emotional expressions. Across all participants, greater activation of this network for changes in emotional expression was associated with less social anxiety and fewer social problems. These results suggest that the heightened salience of social and emotional information during adolescence may confer important advantages for social behavior, providing sensitivity to others' emotions that facilitates flexible social responding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya L. Rosen
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Meg J. Dennison
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Mary K. Askren
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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29
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Fishbein DH, Rose EJ, Darcey VL, Belcher AM, VanMeter JW. Neurodevelopmental Precursors and Consequences of Substance Use during Adolescence: Promises and Pitfalls of Longitudinal Neuroimaging Strategies. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:296. [PMID: 27445743 PMCID: PMC4919318 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurocognitive and emotional regulatory deficits in substance users are often attributed to misuse; however most studies do not include a substance-naïve baseline to justify that conclusion. The etiological literature suggests that pre-existing deficits may contribute to the onset and escalation of use that are then exacerbated by subsequent use. To address this, there is burgeoning interest in conducting prospective, longitudinal neuroimaging studies to isolate neurodevelopmental precursors and consequences of adolescent substance misuse, as reflected in recent initiatives such as the NIH-led Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study and the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment (NCANDA). To distinguish neurodevelopmental precursors from the consequences of adolescent substance use specifically, prospective, longitudinal neuroimaging studies with substance-naïve pre-adolescents are needed. The exemplar described in this article—i.e., the ongoing Adolescent Development Study (ADS)—used a targeted recruitment strategy to bolster the numbers of pre-adolescent individuals who were at increased risk of substance use (i.e., “high-risk”) in a sample that was relatively small for longitudinal studies of similar phenomena, but historically large for neuroimaging (i.e., N = 135; 11–13 years of age). At baseline participants underwent MRI testing and a large complement of cognitive and behavioral assessments along with genetics, stress physiology and interviews. The study methods include repeating these measures at three time points (i.e., baseline/Wave 1, Wave 2 and Wave 3), 18 months apart. In this article, rather than outlining specific study outcomes, we describe the breadth of the numerous complexities and challenges involved in conducting this type of prospective, longitudinal neuroimaging study and “lessons learned” for subsequent efforts are discussed. While these types of large longitudinal neuroimaging studies present a number of logistical and scientific challenges, the wealth of information obtained about the precursors and consequences of adolescent substance use provides unique insights into the neurobiological bases for adolescent substance use that will lay the groundwork for targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana H Fishbein
- Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center and The Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA, USA
| | - Emma J Rose
- Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center and The Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA, USA
| | - Valerie L Darcey
- Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging (CFMI), Department of Neurology, Georgetown University Washington, DC, USA
| | - Annabelle M Belcher
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John W VanMeter
- Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging (CFMI), Department of Neurology, Georgetown University Washington, DC, USA
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