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Wu R, Payne M, Zhang L, Lan R. Uncovering the boundaries of Campylobacter species through large-scale phylogenetic and nucleotide identity analyses. mSystems 2024; 9:e0121823. [PMID: 38530055 PMCID: PMC11019964 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01218-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter species are typically helical shaped, Gram-negative, and non-spore-forming bacteria. Species in this genus include established foodborne and animal pathogens as well as emerging pathogens. The accumulation of genomic data from the Campylobacter genus has increased exponentially in recent years, accompanied by the discovery of putative new species. At present, the lack of a standardized species boundary complicates distinguishing established and novel species. We defined the Campylobacter genus core genome (500 loci) using publicly available Campylobacter complete genomes (n = 498) and constructed a core genome phylogeny using 2,193 publicly available Campylobacter genomes to examine inter-species diversity and species boundaries. Utilizing 8,440 Campylobacter genomes representing 33 species and 8 subspecies, we found species delineation based on an average nucleotide identity (ANI) cutoff of 94.2% is consistent with the core genome phylogeny. We identified 60 ANI genomic species that delineated Campylobacter species in concordance with previous comparative genetic studies. All pairwise ANI genomic species pairs had in silico DNA-DNA hybridization scores of less than 70%, supporting their delineation as separate species. We provide the tool Campylobacter Genomic Species typer (CampyGStyper) that assigns ANI genomic species to query genomes based on ANI similarities to medoid genomes from each ANI genomic species with an accuracy of 99.96%. The ANI genomic species definitions proposed here allow consistent species definition in the Campylobacter genus and will facilitate the detection of novel species in the future.IMPORTANCEIn recent years, Campylobacter has gained recognition as the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, leading to a substantial rise in the collection of genomic data of the Campylobacter genus in public databases. Currently, a standardized Campylobacter species boundary at the genomic level is absent, leading to challenges in detecting emerging pathogens and defining putative novel species within this genus. We used a comprehensive representation of genomes of the Campylobacter genus to construct a core genome phylogenetic tree. Furthermore, we found an average nucleotide identity (ANI) of 94.2% as the optimal cutoff to define the Campylobacter species. Using this cutoff, we identified 60 ANI genomic species which provided a standardized species definition and nomenclature. Importantly, we have developed Campylobacter Genomic Species typer (CampyGStyper), which can robustly and accurately assign these ANI genomic species to Campylobacter genomes, thereby aiding pathogen surveillance and facilitating evolutionary and epidemiological studies of existing and emerging pathogens in the genus Campylobacter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruochen Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Payne
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ruiting Lan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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2
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Polo C, García-Seco T, García N, Fernández V, Briones V, Díez-Guerrier A, Álvarez J, Domínguez L, Pérez-Sancho M. Time, temperature and media: the three keys to improve the recovery of Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis from preputial bull samples. Vet Res Commun 2024:10.1007/s11259-024-10362-8. [PMID: 38598116 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10362-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The isolation of Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis (Cfv) from clinical samples is the gold standard for confirming cases of bovine genital campylobacteriosis, an important cause of infertility in cattle and a potential public health concern. Furthermore, isolation is also necessary for the development of autologous vaccines, characterization of strains for antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, etc. Nevertheless, the sensitivity of culture methods is usually low, and there is no standardized protocol to maximize the recovery of Cfv from clinical samples. The aim of the current study is to design a protocol for the culture of Cfv from preputial samples by evaluating the combination of different transport, enrichment and culture media considering the impact of certain factors (time between collection and enrichment, temperature, and use of filters). The use of modified Lander's transport medium and storing the sample for 24 h at 21 ± 2 °C led to the highest recovery of Cfv CFUs. In contrast, the storage of the samples during 24-48 h in PBS and Thomann rarely allowed the recovery of Cfv regardless of the temperature. The enrichment medium yielding the best results was Preston (significantly higher recovery than Brucella medium), while Cfv could not be isolated with Bolton. Regarding our diagnostic assay (using Lander as transport medium and Preston as enrichment medium), the best protocol in terms of maximizing Cfv recovery as well as limiting contaminations is to culture the samples in i) solid media Preston or Skirrow, and ii) using 0.65 μm filters and incubating plates at 37 °C in microaerophilic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coral Polo
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- MAEVA SERVET S.L., C/ de la Fragua 3, 28749, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa García-Seco
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nerea García
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Víctor Fernández
- Zootecnia Análisis Clínicos Veterinarios S.L.P., C/ Tierra de Campos 24-26, 37008, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Víctor Briones
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Díez-Guerrier
- MAEVA SERVET S.L., C/ de la Fragua 3, 28749, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Álvarez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucas Domínguez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Pérez-Sancho
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Olvera-Ramírez AM, McEwan NR, Stanley K, Nava-Diaz R, Aguilar-Tipacamú G. A Systematic Review on the Role of Wildlife as Carriers and Spreaders of Campylobacter spp. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13081334. [PMID: 37106897 PMCID: PMC10135385 DOI: 10.3390/ani13081334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter spp. are important zoonotic pathogens and can cause one of the main bacterial diarrheal diseases worldwide. Research in the context of infection arising from transmission from other humans and other vertebrates has been extensive. A large fraction of these investigations has focused on domestic animals; however, there are also a number of publications which either totally, or at least in part, consider the role of wild or feral animals as carriers or spreaders of Campylobacter spp. Here, we carry out a systematic review to explore the role played by wild vertebrates as sources of Campylobacter spp. with a compilation of prevalence data for more than 150 species including reptiles, mammals and birds. We found that numerous vertebrate species can act as carriers of Campylobacter species, but we also found that some host specificity may exist, reducing the risk of spread from wildlife to domestic animals or humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Margarita Olvera-Ramírez
- Cuerpo Académico Salud Animal y Microbiología Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Avenida de las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, Delegación Santa Rosa Jáuregui, Querétaro C.P. 76230, Mexico
| | - Neil Ross McEwan
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK
| | - Karen Stanley
- Department of Biosciences and Chemistry, Sheffield Hallam University City Campus, Howard Street, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK
| | - Remedios Nava-Diaz
- Posdoctoral CONACyT Program, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Avenida de las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, Delegación Santa Rosa Jáuregui, Querétaro C.P. 76230, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Aguilar-Tipacamú
- Cuerpo Académico Salud Animal y Microbiología Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Avenida de las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, Delegación Santa Rosa Jáuregui, Querétaro C.P. 76230, Mexico
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Lynch CT, Buttimer C, Epping L, O'Connor J, Walsh N, McCarthy C, O'Brien D, Vaughan C, Semmler T, Bolton D, Coffey A, Lucey B. Phenotypic and genetic analyses of two Campylobacter fetus isolates from a patient with relapsed prosthetic valve endocarditis. Pathog Dis 2021; 79:6486444. [PMID: 34962980 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftab055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter fetus can cause intestinal and systemic disease in humans and are well established veterinary and economic pathogens. We report the complete genomic sequences of two C. fetus subsp. fetus (Cff) isolates recovered in 2017 (CITCf01) and 2018 (CITCf02) from a case of recurrent prosthetic valve endocarditis. Both were capable of growth aerobically. Their genomes were found to be highly conserved and syntenic with 99.97% average nucleotide identity (ANI) while differences in their respective sap loci defined the temporal separation of their genomes. Based on core genome phylogeny and ANI of 83 Cff genomes belonging to the previously described human-associated Cff lineage, CITCf01 and CITCf02 grouped in a clade of eleven sequence type (ST)3 Cff (including the Cff type strain NCTC 10842T). CITCf01 and CITCf02 were marked for their lack of unique genomic features when compared to isolates within the subspecies and the type strain in particular. We identified point mutations in oxidative stress response genes, among others, that may contribute to aerobiosis. We report a case of Cff causing relapsed prosthetic valve endocarditis and we highlight the sap island as a polymorphic site within the genetically stable ST3 lineage, central to pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caoimhe T Lynch
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Rossa Ave, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
| | - Colin Buttimer
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Lennard Epping
- Genome Sequencing and Genomic Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, Berlin, Germany
| | - James O'Connor
- Department of Microbiology, Grenville Place, Mercy University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Niamh Walsh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Rossa Ave, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
| | - Conor McCarthy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Rossa Ave, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
| | - Deirdre O'Brien
- Department of Microbiology, Grenville Place, Mercy University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Carl Vaughan
- Department of Cardiology, Grenville Place, Mercy University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Torsten Semmler
- Genome Sequencing and Genomic Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, Berlin, Germany
| | - Declan Bolton
- Food Safety Department, Teagasc Ashtown Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland
| | - Aidan Coffey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Rossa Ave, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Brigid Lucey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Rossa Ave, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
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Seong YJ, Lee SH, Kim EJ, Choi YH, Kim TJ, Lee WG, Heo JY. Campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis meningitis associated with a companion dog in a young adult: a case report. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:1280. [PMID: 34961472 PMCID: PMC8711199 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-07007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Campylobacter spp., common commensals in the gastrointestinal tract of animals, especially poultry, can cause acute gastrointestinal illness in humans through animal-to-human transmission. Although Campylobacter fetus, especially subspecies fetus, rarely leads to systemic infections such as bacteremia in immunocompromised patients, it is unclear whether Campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis (Cfv) causes infectious diseases in humans. Case presentation A 28-year-old man with a history of chronic alcoholism visited the emergency department with weakness of the left extremities. The patient was clinically diagnosed with community-acquired bacterial meningitis. The organism from the blood culture was subsequently identified as Campylobacter fetus. On phylogenetic analysis, the 16S rRNA sequence showed 99.93% similarity with other Cfv 16S rRNA sequences. The patient had no exposure to identifiable sources except for close contact with a companion dog, which could have been a possible source of transmission. Conclusions This case suggests that Cfv could lead to human systemic infections such as meningitis and that companion animals, in addition to well-known animal hosts, could be sources of transmission. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-021-07007-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeol Jung Seong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Youngtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hun Lee
- Division of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Honam Regional Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Youngtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hwa Choi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Youngtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Wee Gyo Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Youngtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung Yeon Heo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Youngtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Nakatani R, Shimizu K, Matsuo T, Koyamada R, Mori N, Yamashita T, Mori S. Campylobacter fetus bacteremia and meningitis in an acute lymphoblastic leukemia patient undergoing maintenance therapy: a case report. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:680. [PMID: 34256709 PMCID: PMC8278592 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06364-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter fetus is an uncommon Campylobacter species, and its infections mainly cause infective endocarditis, aortic aneurysm, and meningitis rather than enteritis. It is more likely to be detected in blood than Campylobacter jejuni or Campylobacter coli, specifically reported in 53% of patients. In our case, C. fetus was detected in both blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures. CASE PRESENTATION A 33-year-old woman, who was on maintenance chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), presented to our clinic with chief complaints of severe headache and nausea. Blood and CSF cultures revealed C. fetus. We administrated meropenem 2 g intravenously (IV) every 8 h for 3 weeks, and she was discharged without neurological sequelae. CONCLUSION We encountered a case of C. fetus meningitis without gastrointestinal symptoms, neck stiffness or jolt accentuation in a patient with ALL. Undercooked beef was considered the source of C. fetus infection in this case, suggesting that the need for a neutropenic diet and safe food handling be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nakatani
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1, Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Koki Shimizu
- Department of Hematology, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Matsuo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Koyamada
- Department of Hematology, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Mori
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamashita
- Department of Hematology, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Mori
- Department of Hematology, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
Acute bacterial gastroenteritis is among the most common infections worldwide, with millions of infections annually in the United States. Much of the illness is foodborne, occurring as both sporadic cases and large multistate outbreaks. Pathogen evolution through genetic exchange of virulence traits and antibiotic resistance determinants poses challenges for empiric therapy. Culture-independent diagnostic tests in clinical laboratories afford rapid diagnosis and expanded identification of pathogens. However, cultures remain important to generate sensitivity data and strain archiving for outbreak investigations. Most infections are self-limited, permitting judicious selection of antibiotic use in more severe forms of illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Fleckenstein
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University in Saint Louis, School of Medicine, Campus Box 8051, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Infectious Disease Section, Medicine Service, Veterans Affairs Saint Louis Health Care System, 915 North Grand Boulevard, Saint Louis, MO 63106, USA.
| | - F Matthew Kuhlmann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University in Saint Louis, School of Medicine, Campus Box 8051, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Alaullah Sheikh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University in Saint Louis, School of Medicine, Campus Box 8051, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
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8
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Song H, Kim J, Guk JH, Kim WH, Nam H, Suh JG, Seong JK, Cho S. Metagenomic Analysis of the Gut Microbiota of Wild Mice, a Newly Identified Reservoir of Campylobacter. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:596149. [PMID: 33604305 PMCID: PMC7884769 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.596149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter, the most common etiologic agent of zoonotic gastroenteritis in humans, is present in many reservoirs including livestock animals, wildlife, soil, and water. Previously, we reported a novel Campylobacter jejuni strain SCJK02 (MLST ST-8388) from the gut of wild mice (Micromys minutus) using culture-dependent methods. However, due to fastidious growth conditions and the presence of viable but non-culturable Campylobacter spp., it is unclear whether M. minutus is a Campylobacter reservoir. This study aimed to: 1) determine the distribution and proportion of Campylobacter spp. in the gut microbiota of wild mice using culture-independent methods and 2) investigate the gut microbiota of wild mice and the relationship of Campylobacter spp. with other gut microbes. The gut microbiota of 38 wild mice captured from perilla fields in Korea and without any clinical symptoms (18 M. minutus and 20 Mus musculus) were analyzed. Metagenomic analysis showed that 77.8% (14 of 18) of the captured M. minutus harbored Campylobacter spp. (0.24–32.92%) in the gut metagenome, whereas none of the captured M. musculus carried Campylobacter spp. in their guts. Notably, 75% (6 of 8) of M. minutus determined to be Campylobacter-negative using culture-dependent methods showed a high proportion of Campylobacter through metagenome analysis. The results of metagenome analysis and the absence of clinical symptoms suggest that Campylobacter may be a component of the normal gut flora of wild M. minutus. Furthermore, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) showed that Campylobacter was the most enriched genus in the gut microbiota of M. minutus (LDA score, 5.37), whereas Lactobacillus was the most enriched genus in M. musculus (LDA score, −5.96). The differences in the presence of Campylobacter between the two species of wild mice may be attributed to the differential abundance of Campylobacter and Lactobacillus in their respective gut microbiota. In conclusion, the results indicate that wild M. minutus may serve as a potential Campylobacter reservoir. This study presents the first metagenomics analysis of the M. minutus gut microbiota to explore its possible role as an environmental Campylobacter reservoir and provides a basis for future studies using culture-independent methods to determine the role of environmental reservoirs in Campylobacter transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyokeun Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Junhyung Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Guk
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woo-Hyun Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hajin Nam
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jun Gyo Suh
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seongbeom Cho
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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9
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Delpiazzo R, Barcellos M, Barros S, Betancor L, Fraga M, Gil J, Iraola G, Morsella C, Paolicchi F, Pérez R, Riet-Correa F, Sanguinetti M, Silva A, da Silva Silveira C, Calleros L. Accurate and fast identification of Campylobacter fetus in bulls by real-time PCR targeting a 16S rRNA gene sequence. Vet Anim Sci 2020; 11:100163. [PMID: 33490713 PMCID: PMC7807152 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2020.100163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter fetus is an important animal pathogen that causes infectious infertility, embryonic mortality and abortions in cattle and sheep flocks. There are two recognized subspecies related with reproductive disorders in livestock: Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus (Cff) and Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis (Cfv). Rapid and reliable detection of this pathogenic species in bulls is of upmost importance for disease control in dairy and beef herds as they are asymptomatic carriers. The aim of the present work was to assess the performance a real-time PCR (qPCR) method for the diagnosis of Campylobacter fetus in samples from bulls, comparing it with culture and isolation methods. 520 preputial samples were both cultured in Skirrow's medium and analyzed by qPCR. The estimated sensitivity of qPCR was 90.9% (95% CI, 69.4%–100%), and the specificity was 99.4% (95% CI, 98.6% - 100%). The proportion of C. fetus positive individuals was 2.1% by isolation and 2.5% by qPCR. Isolates were identified by biochemical tests as Cfv (n = 9) and Cff (n = 2). Our findings support the use of qPCR for fast and accurate detection of C. fetus directly from field samples of preputial smegma of bulls. The qPCR method showed to be suitable for massive screenings because it can be performed in pooled samples without losing accuracy and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Delpiazzo
- Departamento de Salud de los Sistemas Pecuarios, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay, Estación Experimental "Dr. Mario A. Cassinoni", Ruta 3 Km. 363, Paysandú, Uruguay
| | - Maila Barcellos
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay, Iguá 4225, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sofía Barros
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay, Iguá 4225, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Laura Betancor
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Dr. Alfredo Navarro 3051, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Martín Fraga
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela. Ruta 50 Km. 11, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - Jorge Gil
- Departamento de Salud de los Sistemas Pecuarios, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay, Estación Experimental "Dr. Mario A. Cassinoni", Ruta 3 Km. 363, Paysandú, Uruguay
| | - Gregorio Iraola
- Laboratorio de Genómica Microbiana, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Centro de Biología Integrativa, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Saffron Walden CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Morsella
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria, INTA Balcarce. Ruta 226 Km. 73.5, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Paolicchi
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria, INTA Balcarce. Ruta 226 Km. 73.5, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ruben Pérez
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay, Iguá 4225, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Franklin Riet-Correa
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela. Ruta 50 Km. 11, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - Margarita Sanguinetti
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay, Iguá 4225, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alfonso Silva
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay, Iguá 4225, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Caroline da Silva Silveira
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela. Ruta 50 Km. 11, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - Lucía Calleros
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay, Iguá 4225, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Corresponding author:
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10
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Masila NM, Ross KE, Gardner MG, Whiley H. Zoonotic and Public Health Implications of Campylobacter Species and Squamates (Lizards, Snakes and Amphisbaenians). Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9100799. [PMID: 32998205 PMCID: PMC7601876 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9100799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter spp. is one of the most widespread infectious diseases of veterinary and public health significance. Globally, the incidence of campylobacteriosis has increased over the last decade in both developing and developed countries. Squamates (lizards, snakes and amphisbaenians) are a potential reservoir and source of transmission of campylobacteriosis to humans. This systematic review examined studies from the last 20 years that have reported squamate-associated human campylobacteriosis. It was found that C. fetus subsp. testudinum and C. fetus subsp. fetus were the most common species responsible for human campylobacteriosis from a squamate host. The common squamate hosts identified included bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps), green iguana (Iguana iguana), western beaked gecko (Rhynchoedura ornate) and blotched blue-tongued skink (Tiliqua nigrolutea). People with underlying chronic illnesses, the immunocompromised and the elderly were identified as the most vulnerable population. Exposure to pet squamates, wild animals, consumption of reptilian cuisines and cross contamination with untreated water were risk factors associated with Campylobacter infections. Proper hand hygiene practices, responsible pet ownership, ‘One Health’ education and awareness on zoonotic diseases will help reduce the public health risks arising from Campylobacter exposure through squamates. Continued surveillance using molecular diagnostic methods will also enhance detection and response to squamate-linked campylobacteriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicodemus M Masila
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Kenya Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Eradication Council (KENTTEC), P.O. BOX 66290, Westlands, Nairobi 00800, Kenya
| | - Kirstin E Ross
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Michael G Gardner
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Evolutionary Biology Unit, South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Harriet Whiley
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
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11
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Liu KC. A Multiplex Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Using Applied Biosystems 7500 Fast System for Simultaneous Identification of Three Campylobacter Species with Potential Applications to Food Analysis. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2020; 18:114-122. [PMID: 32931346 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2020.2832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of Campylobacter-contaminated food is one of the most common causes of bacterial diarrhea. A previously developed quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) utilizing the SmartCycler instrument platform for identification of Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, and Campylobacter lari had to be modified to address the recent discontinuation of the SmartCycler system. In this study, a multiplex qPCR assay was optimized on the Applied Biosystems 7500 Fast (AB7500F) platform to continue using qPCR for the identification of three target Campylobacter spp. AB7500F qPCR efficiencies obtained by testing reference genomic DNA (gDNA) were 90.9%, 86.4%, and 94.6% for C. jejuni, C. coli, and C. lari, respectively, with all correlation coefficient values >0.99. The qPCR results exhibited 100% specificity by testing gDNA samples from 37 non-target reference strains and 86 target strains (50 C. jejuni, 27 C. coli, and 9 C. lari strains) in this study. The lowest detection level using gDNA was 4, 7, and 2 genome copies per reaction for C. jejuni, C. coli, and C. lari, respectively. With a 2-day enrichment procedure, the qPCR method correctly detected target species in a spiked food matrix (frog leg, an aquaculture product). The sensitivity in 25 g food matrix was 4 colony-forming units (CFUs) for C. jejuni, 3 CFUs for C. coli, and 2 CFUs for C. lari. The results suggest that this AB7500F-based qPCR has potential applications for the identification of C. jejuni, C. coli, and C. lari in contaminated food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun C Liu
- Applied Technology Center at the Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL), Office of Regulatory Science, Office of Regulatory Affairs (ORA), the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bothell, Washington, USA
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12
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Duma J, Nothaft H, Weaver D, Fodor C, Beadle B, Linton D, Benoit SL, Scott NE, Maier RJ, Szymanski CM. Influence of Protein Glycosylation on Campylobacter fetus Physiology. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1191. [PMID: 32625174 PMCID: PMC7313396 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter fetus is commonly associated with venereal disease and abortions in cattle and sheep, and can also cause intestinal or systemic infections in humans that are immunocompromised, elderly, or exposed to infected livestock. It is also believed that C. fetus infection can result from the consumption or handling of contaminated food products, but C. fetus is rarely detected in food since isolation methods are not suited for its detection and the physiology of the organism makes culturing difficult. In the related species, Campylobacter jejuni, the ability to colonize the host has been linked to N-linked protein glycosylation with quantitative proteomics demonstrating that glycosylation is interconnected with cell physiology. Using label-free quantitative (LFQ) proteomics, we found more than 100 proteins significantly altered in expression in two C. fetus subsp. fetus protein glycosylation (pgl) mutants (pglX and pglJ) compared to the wild-type. Significant increases in the expression of the (NiFe)-hydrogenase HynABC, catalyzing H2-oxidation for energy harvesting, correlated with significantly increased levels of cellular nickel, improved growth in H2 and increased hydrogenase activity, suggesting that N-glycosylation in C. fetus is involved in regulating the HynABC hydrogenase and nickel homeostasis. To further elucidate the function of the C. fetus pgl pathway and its enzymes, heterologous expression in Escherichia coli followed by mutational and functional analyses revealed that PglX and PglY are novel glycosyltransferases involved in extending the C. fetus hexasaccharide beyond the conserved core, while PglJ and PglA have similar activities to their homologs in C. jejuni. In addition, the pgl mutants displayed decreased motility and ethidium bromide efflux and showed an increased sensitivity to antibiotics. This work not only provides insight into the unique protein N-glycosylation pathway of C. fetus, but also expands our knowledge on the influence of protein N-glycosylation on Campylobacter cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Duma
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Harald Nothaft
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Danielle Weaver
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Fodor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Bernadette Beadle
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Dennis Linton
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Stéphane L Benoit
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Nichollas E Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Robert J Maier
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Christine M Szymanski
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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13
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Terefe Y, Deblais L, Ghanem M, Helmy YA, Mummed B, Chen D, Singh N, Ahyong V, Kalantar K, Yimer G, Yousuf Hassen J, Mohammed A, McKune SL, Manary MJ, Ordiz MI, Gebreyes W, Havelaar AH, Rajashekara G. Co-occurrence of Campylobacter Species in Children From Eastern Ethiopia, and Their Association With Environmental Enteric Dysfunction, Diarrhea, and Host Microbiome. Front Public Health 2020; 8:99. [PMID: 32351922 PMCID: PMC7174729 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
High Campylobacter prevalence during early childhood has been associated with stunting and environmental enteric dysfunction (EED), especially in low resource settings. This study assessed the prevalence, diversity, abundance, and co-occurrence of Campylobacter spp. in stools from children in a rural area of eastern Ethiopia and their association with microbiome, diarrhea, and EED in children. Stool samples (n = 100) were collected from randomly selected children (age range: 360-498 days) in five kebeles in Haramaya District, Ethiopia. Diarrhea, compromised gut permeability, and gut inflammation were observed in 48, 45, and 57% of children, respectively. Campylobacter prevalence and species diversity were assessed using PCR and meta-total RNA sequencing (MeTRS). The prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in the children's stools was 50% (41-60%) by PCR and 88% (80-93.6%) by MeTRS (P < 0.01). Further, seven Campylobacter species (Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter upsaliensis, Campylobacter hyointestinalis, Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter sp. RM6137, uncultured Campylobacter sp., and Campylobacter sp. RM12175) were detected by MeTRS in at least 40% of children stools in high abundance (>1.76-log read per million per positive stool sample). Four clusters of Campylobacter species (5-12 species per cluster) co-occurred in the stool samples, suggesting that Campylobacter colonization of children may have occurred through multiple reservoirs or from a reservoir in which several Campylobacter species may co-inhabit. No associations between Campylobacter spp., EED, and diarrhea were detected in this cross-sectional study; however, characteristic microbiome profiles were identified based on the prevalence of Campylobacter spp., EED severity, and diarrhea. Forty-seven bacterial species were correlated with Campylobacter, and 13 of them also correlated with gut permeability, gut inflammation and/or EED severity. Forty-nine species not correlated with Campylobacter were correlated with gut permeability, gut inflammation, EED severity and/or diarrhea. This study demonstrated that (1) in addition to C. jejuni and C. coli, multiple non-thermophilic Campylobacter spp. (i.e., Campylobacter hyointestinalis, Campylobacter fetus, and Campylobacter concisus) were frequently detected in the children's stools and (2) the Campylobacter, gut permeability, gut inflammation, EED severity, and diarrhea were associated with characteristic microbiome composition. Additional spatial and longitudinal studies are needed to identify environmental reservoirs and sources of infection of children with disparate Campylobacter species and to better define their associations with EED in low-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitagele Terefe
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Veterinary Medicine, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
- Global One Health Initiative, The Ohio State University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Loïc Deblais
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Global One Health Initiative, The Ohio State University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mostafa Ghanem
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Global One Health Initiative, The Ohio State University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Bahar Mummed
- Veterinary Medicine, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Dehao Chen
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Nitya Singh
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Vida Ahyong
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Getnet Yimer
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Global One Health Initiative, The Ohio State University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Jemal Yousuf Hassen
- Department of Rural Development and Agricultural Extension, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Sarah L. McKune
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Mark J. Manary
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, MI, United States
| | - Maria Isabel Ordiz
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, MI, United States
| | - Wondwossen Gebreyes
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Global One Health Initiative, The Ohio State University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Arie H. Havelaar
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Gireesh Rajashekara
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Global One Health Initiative, The Ohio State University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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14
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Sevilla-Navarro S, Marin C, Cortés V, García C, Catalá-Gregori P. Campylobacter prevalence and risk factors associated with exceeding allowable limits in poultry slaughterhouses in Spain. Vet Rec 2020; 186:415. [PMID: 31980451 DOI: 10.1136/vr.105558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter is the main pathogen involved in zoonotic gastrointestinal diseases. In 2018, European Regulation 2017/1495 on Campylobacter in broiler carcases came into force. In this context, the aim of the study was to assess the potential risk factors associated with exceeding the 1000 cfu/g (colony-forming units per gram) limit set by the EC in several slaughterhouses in Spain. METHODS Data relating to 12 factors were collected using questionnaires. Samples were collected from 12 Spanish abattoirs in June, July and August 2017 (n=1725) and were analysed following the ISO 10272-2:2006 method. RESULTS The proportion of Campylobacter-positive samples was 23.7 per cent (n=409). Analysis of flock age (41-50 days) revealed a significantly increased odds ratio (OR) in Campylobacter enumeration (OR=7.41). Moreover, scalding temperature (51.9°C-54°C) was positively associated with an increase in OR (OR=2.75). Time in transit to slaughter for 1-1.5 hours showed a significant decrease in OR (OR=0.25), while time in transit for more than two hours showed an increase in OR (OR=4.44). With regard to carcase weight, a weight of 3.21-3.58 kg showed a decrease in OR (OR=0.01). CONCLUSION The outcomes of this study suggest that although most chickens are contaminated by the bacterium, the prevalence of those exceeding the 1000 cfu/g limit is not so high as thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Sevilla-Navarro
- Centro de Calidad Avícola y Alimentación Animal de la Comunidad Valenciana (CECAV), Calle Nules 16, 12539, Castellón, Spain .,Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Avenida Seminario s/n, 46113, Moncada, Spain.,Instituto de Ciencia de Tecnología Animal, Universidad Politècnica de Valencia, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Clara Marin
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Avenida Seminario s/n, 46113, Moncada, Spain
| | - Verónica Cortés
- Centro de Calidad Avícola y Alimentación Animal de la Comunidad Valenciana (CECAV), Calle Nules 16, 12539, Castellón, Spain
| | - Cristina García
- Centro de Calidad Avícola y Alimentación Animal de la Comunidad Valenciana (CECAV), Calle Nules 16, 12539, Castellón, Spain
| | - Pablo Catalá-Gregori
- Centro de Calidad Avícola y Alimentación Animal de la Comunidad Valenciana (CECAV), Calle Nules 16, 12539, Castellón, Spain.,Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Avenida Seminario s/n, 46113, Moncada, Spain
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15
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De Luca C, Iraola G, Apostolakos I, Boetto E, Piccirillo A. Occurrence and diversity of Campylobacter species in captive chelonians. Vet Microbiol 2019; 241:108567. [PMID: 31928704 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and diversity of Campylobacter species in chelonians. From July 2016 to September 2017, a total of 452 individuals from a large variety of tortoises (n = 366) and turtles/terrapins (n = 86) kept in private collections and breeding centres, wildlife rescue centres, zoos, pet shops, and veterinary clinics from Northern Italy was sampled and subjected to microbiological examination. Campylobacter genus and species confirmation was performed by single and multiplex PCRs. Out of 452 samples, five (1.1%) tested positive: three for C. iguaniorum (two Testudo graeca and one Testudo hermanni), one for C. fetus subsp. testudinum (Stigmochelys pardalis) and one for C. geochelonis (Testudo hermanni). This study suggests that Campylobacter spp. are not common in chelonians, but a variety of species can be detected in these hosts, including those potentially pathogenic for humans. Further studies are needed to understand the epidemiology and the pathogenic potential for both animals and humans of reptile-associated Campylobacter spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta De Luca
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Gregorio Iraola
- Microbial Genomics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay; Center for Integrative Biology, Universidad Mayor, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Ilias Apostolakos
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Elena Boetto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Alessandra Piccirillo
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, PD, Italy.
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16
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El Beayni NK, Araj GF, Beydoun S, Kozah M, Tabbarah Z. Campylobacter fetus thyroid gland abscess in a young immunocompetent woman. IDCases 2019; 19:e00681. [PMID: 31908945 PMCID: PMC6938908 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2019.e00681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter species are mostly associated with intestinal infections. Campylobacter fetus, however, can cause bacteremia and extra-intestinal infections especially in immunosuppressed patients. To the best of our knowledge, we present the second case of C. fetus causing thyroiditis and thyroid abscess in an immunocompetent young woman.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy K El Beayni
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - George F Araj
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sarah Beydoun
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maria Kozah
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Zuhayr Tabbarah
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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17
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Igwaran A, Okoh AI. Human campylobacteriosis: A public health concern of global importance. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02814. [PMID: 31763476 PMCID: PMC6861584 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter species are among the leading cause of bacterial foodborne and waterborne infections. In addition, Campylobacter is one of the major causative agent of bacterial gastrointestinal infections and the rise in the incidence of Campylobacter infections have been reported worldwide. Also, the emergence of some Campylobacter species as one of the main causative agent of diarrhea and the propensity of these bacteria species to resist the actions of antimicrobial agents; position them as a serious threat to the public health. This paper reviews Campylobacter pathogenicity, infections, isolation and diagnosis, their reservoirs, transmission pathways, epidemiology of Campylobacter outbreaks, prevention and treatment option, antibiotics resistance and control of antibiotics use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aboi Igwaran
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - Anthony Ifeanyi Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa
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18
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Abstract
Campylobacter is among the four main causes of gastroenteritis worldwide and has increased in both developed and developing countries over the last 10 years. The vast majority of reported Campylobacter infections are caused by Campylobacter jejuni and, to a lesser extent, C. coli; however, the increasing recognition of other emerging Campylobacter pathogens is urgently demanding a better understanding of how these underestimated species cause disease, transmit, and evolve. In parallel to the enhanced clinical awareness of campylobacteriosis due to improved diagnostic protocols, the application of high-throughput sequencing has increased the number of whole-genome sequences available to dozens of strains of many emerging campylobacters. This has allowed for comprehensive comparative pathogenomic analyses for several species, such as C. fetus and C. concisus These studies have started to reveal the evolutionary forces shaping their genomes and have brought to light many genomic features related to pathogenicity in these neglected species, promoting the development of new tools and approaches relevant for clinical microbiology. Despite the need for additional characterization of genomic diversity in emerging campylobacters, the increasing body of literature describing pathogenomic studies on these species deserves to be discussed from an integrative perspective. This review compiles the current knowledge and highlights future work toward deepening our understanding about genome dynamics and the mechanisms governing the evolution of pathogenicity in emerging Campylobacter species, which is urgently needed to develop strategies to prevent or control the spread of these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Costa
- Microbial Genomics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gregorio Iraola
- Microbial Genomics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Center for Integrative Biology, Universidad Mayor, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
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19
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Gilbert MJ, Duim B, Zomer AL, Wagenaar JA. Living in Cold Blood: Arcobacter, Campylobacter, and Helicobacter in Reptiles. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1086. [PMID: 31191467 PMCID: PMC6530492 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Species of the Epsilonproteobacteria genera Arcobacter, Campylobacter, and Helicobacter are commonly associated with vertebrate hosts and some are considered significant pathogens. Vertebrate-associated Epsilonproteobacteria are often considered to be largely confined to endothermic mammals and birds. Recent studies have shown that ectothermic reptiles display a distinct and largely unique Epsilonproteobacteria community, including taxa which can cause disease in humans. Several Arcobacter taxa are widespread amongst reptiles and often show a broad host range. Reptiles carry a large diversity of unique and novel Helicobacter taxa, which apparently evolved in an ectothermic host. Some species, such as Campylobacter fetus, display a distinct intraspecies host dichotomy, with genetically divergent lineages occurring either in mammals or reptiles. These taxa can provide valuable insights in host adaptation and co-evolution between symbiont and host. Here, we present an overview of the biodiversity, ecology, epidemiology, and evolution of reptile-associated Epsilonproteobacteria from a broader vertebrate host perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten J Gilbert
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Reptile, Amphibian and Fish Conservation Netherlands, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Birgitta Duim
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,WHO Collaborating Center for Campylobacter/OIE Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Aldert L Zomer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,WHO Collaborating Center for Campylobacter/OIE Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jaap A Wagenaar
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,WHO Collaborating Center for Campylobacter/OIE Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
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20
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Gilbert MJ, Duim B, van der Graaf-van Bloois L, Wagenaar JA, Zomer AL. Homologous Recombination between Genetically Divergent Campylobacter fetus Lineages Supports Host-Associated Speciation. Genome Biol Evol 2018; 10:716-722. [PMID: 29608720 PMCID: PMC5830970 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evy048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Homologous recombination is a major driver of bacterial speciation. Genetic divergence and host association are important factors influencing homologous recombination. Here, we study these factors for Campylobacter fetus, which shows a distinct intraspecific host dichotomy. Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus (Cff) and venerealis are associated with mammals, whereas C. fetus subsp. testudinum (Cft) is associated with reptiles. Recombination between these genetically divergent C. fetus lineages is extremely rare. Previously it was impossible to show whether this barrier to recombination was determined by the differential host preferences, by the genetic divergence between both lineages or by other factors influencing recombination, such as restriction-modification, CRISPR/Cas, and transformation systems. Fortuitously, a distinct C. fetus lineage (ST69) was found, which was highly related to mammal-associated C. fetus, yet isolated from a chelonian. The whole genome sequences of two C. fetus ST69 isolates were compared with those of mammal- and reptile-associated C. fetus strains for phylogenetic and recombination analysis. In total, 5.1–5.5% of the core genome of both ST69 isolates showed signs of recombination. Of the predicted recombination regions, 80.4% were most closely related to Cft, 14.3% to Cff, and 5.6% to C. iguaniorum. Recombination from C. fetus ST69 to Cft was also detected, but to a lesser extent and only in chelonian-associated Cft strains. This study shows that despite substantial genetic divergence no absolute barrier to homologous recombination exists between two distinct C. fetus lineages when occurring in the same host type, which provides valuable insights in bacterial speciation and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten J Gilbert
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.,Reptile, Amphibian and Fish Conservation Netherlands (RAVON), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Birgitta Duim
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.,WHO Collaborating Center for Campylobacter/OIE Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Linda van der Graaf-van Bloois
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.,WHO Collaborating Center for Campylobacter/OIE Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap A Wagenaar
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.,WHO Collaborating Center for Campylobacter/OIE Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Aldert L Zomer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.,WHO Collaborating Center for Campylobacter/OIE Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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21
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Bonaiuto E, Magro M, Fasolato L, Novelli E, Shams S, Piccirillo A, Bakhshi B, Moghadam TT, Baratella D, Vianello F. Versatile nano-platform for tailored immuno-magnetic carriers. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:7575-7589. [PMID: 30267275 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1382-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Custom immuno-magnetic devices are desirable tools for biomedical and biotechnological applications. Herein, surface active maghemite nanoparticles (SAMNs) are proposed as a versatile platform for developing tailored immuno-magnetic nano-carriers by simple wet reactions. Two examples for conjugating native and biotinylated antibodies were presented along with their successful applications in the recognition of specific foodborne pathogens. Nanoparticles were functionalized with rhodamine B isothiocyanate (RITC), leading to a fluorescent nano-conjugate, and used for binding anti-Campylobacter fetus antibodies (SAMN@RITC@Anti-Cf). The microorganism was selectively captured in the presence of two other Campylobacter species (C. jejuni and C. coli), as verified by PCR. Alternatively, SAMNs were modified with avidin, forming a biotin-specific magnetic nano-carrier and used for the immobilization of biotinylated anti-Listeria monocytogenes antibodies (SAMN@avidin@Anti-Lm). This immuno-magnetic carrier was integrated in piezoelectric quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor for the detection of L. monocytogenes in milk, showing a detection limit of 3 bacterial cells. The present work presents a new category of customized immuno-magnetic nano-carriers as a competitive option for suiting specific applications. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Bonaiuto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Magro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy.,Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Luca Fasolato
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Enrico Novelli
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Saeed Shams
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, No. 83, 4th Alley, 1.1th Alley, Safashahr St., Qom, Iran
| | - Alessandra Piccirillo
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Bita Bakhshi
- Department of Medical Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Al Ahmad Street, No. 7, Jalal, P.O. Box: 14115-111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Tohidi Moghadam
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal AleAhmad, Nasr, P.O.Box: 14115-111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davide Baratella
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Fabio Vianello
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy.
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22
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Liu F, Ma R, Wang Y, Zhang L. The Clinical Importance of Campylobacter concisus and Other Human Hosted Campylobacter Species. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:243. [PMID: 30087857 PMCID: PMC6066527 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, Campylobacteriosis has been considered to be zoonotic; the Campylobacter species that cause human acute intestinal disease such as Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli originate from animals. Over the past decade, studies on human hosted Campylobacter species strongly suggest that Campylobacter concisus plays a role in the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). C. concisus primarily colonizes the human oral cavity and some strains can be translocated to the intestinal tract. Genome analysis of C. concisus strains isolated from saliva samples has identified a bacterial marker that is associated with active Crohn's disease (one major form of IBD). In addition to C. concisus, humans are also colonized by a number of other Campylobacter species, most of which are in the oral cavity. Here we review the most recent advancements on C. concisus and other human hosted Campylobacter species including their clinical relevance, transmission, virulence factors, disease associated genes, interactions with the human immune system and pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rena Ma
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yiming Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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23
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Miller WG, Yee E, Lopes BS, Chapman MH, Huynh S, Bono JL, Parker CT, Strachan NJC, Forbes KJ. Comparative Genomic Analysis Identifies a Campylobacter Clade Deficient in Selenium Metabolism. Genome Biol Evol 2017; 9:1843-1858. [PMID: 28854596 PMCID: PMC5570042 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evx093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The nonthermotolerant Campylobacter species C. fetus, C. hyointestinalis, C. iguaniorum, and C. lanienae form a distinct phylogenetic cluster within the genus. These species are primarily isolated from foraging (swine) or grazing (e.g., cattle, sheep) animals and cause sporadic and infrequent human illness. Previous typing studies identified three putative novel C. lanienae-related taxa, based on either MLST or atpA sequence data. To further characterize these putative novel taxa and the C. fetus group as a whole, 76 genomes were sequenced, either to completion or to draft level. These genomes represent 26 C. lanienae strains and 50 strains of the three novel taxa. C. fetus, C. hyointestinalis and C. iguaniorum genomes were previously sequenced to completion; therefore, a comparative genomic analysis across the entire C. fetus group was conducted (including average nucleotide identity analysis) that supports the initial identification of these three novel Campylobacter species. Furthermore, C. lanienae and the three putative novel species form a discrete clade within the C. fetus group, which we have termed the C. lanienae clade. This clade is distinguished from other members of the C. fetus group by a reduced genome size and distinct CRISPR/Cas systems. Moreover, there are two signature characteristics of the C. lanienae clade. C. lanienae clade genomes carry four to ten unlinked and similar, but nonidentical, flagellin genes. Additionally, all 76 C. lanienae clade genomes sequenced demonstrate a complete absence of genes related to selenium metabolism, including genes encoding the selenocysteine insertion machinery, selenoproteins, and the selenocysteinyl tRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Miller
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA
| | - Emma Yee
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA
| | - Bruno S Lopes
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Mary H Chapman
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA
| | - Steven Huynh
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA
| | - James L Bono
- Meat Safety and Quality Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Clay Center, NE
| | - Craig T Parker
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA
| | - Norval J C Strachan
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Ken J Forbes
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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24
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Moon J, Kim N, Lee HS, Shin HR, Lee ST, Jung KH, Park KI, Lee SK, Chu K. Campylobacter fetus meningitis confirmed by a 16S rRNA gene analysis using the MinION nanopore sequencer, South Korea, 2016. Emerg Microbes Infect 2017; 6:e94. [PMID: 29089590 PMCID: PMC5717084 DOI: 10.1038/emi.2017.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jangsup Moon
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Narae Kim
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Han Sang Lee
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Hye-Rim Shin
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Soon-Tae Lee
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Keun-Hwa Jung
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Il Park
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, South Korea.,Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul 06236, South Korea
| | - Sang Kun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Kon Chu
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, South Korea
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25
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Cantlay JC, Ingram DJ, Meredith AL. A Review of Zoonotic Infection Risks Associated with the Wild Meat Trade in Malaysia. ECOHEALTH 2017; 14:361-388. [PMID: 28332127 PMCID: PMC5486459 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-017-1229-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The overhunting of wildlife for food and commercial gain presents a major threat to biodiversity in tropical forests and poses health risks to humans from contact with wild animals. Using a recent survey of wildlife offered at wild meat markets in Malaysia as a basis, we review the literature to determine the potential zoonotic infection risks from hunting, butchering and consuming the species offered. We also determine which taxa potentially host the highest number of pathogens and discuss the significant disease risks from traded wildlife, considering how cultural practices influence zoonotic transmission. We identify 51 zoonotic pathogens (16 viruses, 19 bacteria and 16 parasites) potentially hosted by wildlife and describe the human health risks. The Suidae and the Cervidae families potentially host the highest number of pathogens. We conclude that there are substantial gaps in our knowledge of zoonotic pathogens and recommend performing microbial food safety risk assessments to assess the hazards of wild meat consumption. Overall, there may be considerable zoonotic risks to people involved in the hunting, butchering or consumption of wild meat in Southeast Asia, and these should be considered in public health strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Caroline Cantlay
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK.
- Independent Researcher, Unit 6301, No 1, Lane 600, Central Yincheng Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200120, People's Republic of China.
| | - Daniel J Ingram
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9GQ, UK
| | - Anna L Meredith
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
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26
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Early Onset Prosthetic Joint Infection and Bacteremia due to Campylobacter fetusSubspecies fetus. Case Rep Infect Dis 2017; 2017:5892846. [PMID: 28928998 PMCID: PMC5591925 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5892846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter fetus is a zoonotic pathogen that occasionally causes serious, relapsing, invasive disease, especially in immunocompromised hosts. We report a case of relapsing C. fetus diarrheal illness in a 75-year-old woman which resulted in secondary bacteremia and seeding of the left knee prosthetic joint. Patient responded favorably to debridement and retention of prosthesis in addition to six weeks of meropenem followed by chronic oral doxycycline suppressive therapy.
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27
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Munson E, Carroll KC. What's in a Name? New Bacterial Species and Changes to Taxonomic Status from 2012 through 2015. J Clin Microbiol 2017; 55:24-42. [PMID: 27795334 PMCID: PMC5228236 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01379-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Technological advancements in fields such as molecular genetics and the human microbiome have resulted in an unprecedented recognition of new bacterial genus/species designations by the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology Knowledge of designations involving clinically significant bacterial species would benefit clinical microbiologists in the context of emerging pathogens, performance of accurate organism identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. In anticipation of subsequent taxonomic changes being compiled by the Journal of Clinical Microbiology on a biannual basis, this compendium summarizes novel species and taxonomic revisions specific to bacteria derived from human clinical specimens from the calendar years 2012 through 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Munson
- College of Health Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Karen C Carroll
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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28
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Nishiguchi S, Sekine I, Kuroda S, Sato M, Kitagawa I. Myositis Ossificans of the Hip Due to Pyogenic Arthritis Caused by Campylobacter fetus Subspecies fetus. Intern Med 2017; 56:967-972. [PMID: 28420848 PMCID: PMC5465416 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.56.7906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A 61-year-old woman was admitted with severe hip pain causing immobility and high serum levels of inflammatory markers. The patient had a medical history of diabetes. She had been scheduled to undergo right hip replacement surgery for the treatment of osteoarthritis associated with gradually progressive pain. On admission, an enhanced abdominal computed tomography scan showed an abnormal increase in synovial fluid surrounding the right ilium, with piriformis muscle calcification. Subsequent blood and specimen cultures identified Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus. This is a rare report of a case of myositis ossificans followed by C. fetus pyogenic arthritis of the hip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Nishiguchi
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sekine
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Japan
| | - Shun Kuroda
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Japan
| | - Morihiko Sato
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Japan
| | - Izumi Kitagawa
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Japan
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29
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Chávez AC, Barrera S, Leon A, Trueba G. Campylobacter fetus
Bacteremia in a Healthy Patient Returning from a Trip to the Ecuadorian Amazonia. Zoonoses Public Health 2016; 64:391-393. [DOI: 10.1111/zph.12338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. C. Chávez
- Instituto de Microbiología; Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales; Universidad San Francisco de Quito; Quito Ecuador
| | - S. Barrera
- Instituto de Microbiología; Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales; Universidad San Francisco de Quito; Quito Ecuador
| | - A. Leon
- Sistemas Médicos SIME-USFQ; Quito Ecuador
| | - G. Trueba
- Instituto de Microbiología; Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales; Universidad San Francisco de Quito; Quito Ecuador
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30
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Whiley H, McLean R, Ross K. Detection of Campylobacter jejuni in Lizard Faeces from Central Australia Using Quantitative PCR. Pathogens 2016; 6:E1. [PMID: 28025556 PMCID: PMC5371889 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens6010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, Campylobacter is a significant cause of gastrointestinal illness. It is predominately considered a foodborne pathogen, with human exposure via non-food transmission routes generally overlooked. Current literature has been exploring environmental reservoirs of campylobacteriosis including potential wildlife reservoirs. Given the close proximity between lizards and human habitats in Central Australia, this study examined the presence of Campylobacter jejuni from lizard faeces collected from this region. Of the 51 samples collected, 17 (33%) (this included 14/46 (30%) wild and 3/5 (60%) captive lizard samples) were positive for C. jejuni using quantitative PCR (qPCR). This was the first study to investigate the presence of C. jejuni in Australian lizards. This has public health implications regarding the risk of campylobacteriosis from handling of pet reptiles and through cross-contamination or contact with wild lizard faeces. Additionally this has implication for horizontal transmission via lizards of C. jejuni to food production farms. Further research is needed on this environmental reservoir and potential transmission routes to reduce the risk to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet Whiley
- Health and the Environment, School of the Environment, Flinders University, GPO BOX 2100, Adelaide 5001, Australia.
| | - Ryan McLean
- Health and the Environment, School of the Environment, Flinders University, GPO BOX 2100, Adelaide 5001, Australia.
| | - Kirstin Ross
- Health and the Environment, School of the Environment, Flinders University, GPO BOX 2100, Adelaide 5001, Australia.
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31
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Calleros L, Betancor L, Iraola G, Méndez A, Morsella C, Paolicchi F, Silveyra S, Velilla A, Pérez R. Assessing the intra-species genetic variability in the clonal pathogen Campylobacter fetus: CRISPRs are highly polymorphic DNA markers. J Microbiol Methods 2016; 132:86-94. [PMID: 27867047 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter fetus is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic bacterium that infects animals and humans. The subspecies Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus (Cff) affects a broad range of vertebrate hosts and induces abortion in cows and sheep. Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis (Cfv) is restricted to cattle and causes the endemic disease bovine genital campylobacteriosis, which triggers reproductive problems and is responsible for major economic losses. Campylobacter fetus subsp. testudinum (Cft) has been isolated mostly from apparently healthy reptiles belonging to different species but also from ill snakes and humans. Genotypic differentiation of Cff and Cfv is difficult, and epidemiological information is scarce because there are few methods to study the genetic diversity of the strains. We analyze the efficacy of MLST, ribosomal sequences (23S gene and internal spacer region), and CRISPRs to assess the genetic variability of C. fetus in bovine and human isolates. Sequences retrieved from complete genomes were included in the analysis for comparative purposes. MLST and ribosomal sequences had scarce or null variability, while the CRISPR-cas system structure and the sequence of CRISPR1 locus showed remarkable diversity. None of the sequences here analyzed provided evidence of a genetic differentiation of Cff and Cfv in bovine isolates. Comparison of bovine and human isolates with Cft strains showed a striking divergence. Inter-host differences raise the possibility of determining the original host of human infections using CRISPR sequences. CRISPRs are the most variable sequences analyzed in C. fetus so far, and constitute excellent representatives of a dynamic fraction of the genome. CRISPR typing is a promising tool to characterize isolates and to track the source and transmission route of C. fetus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Calleros
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Laura Betancor
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Dr. Alfredo Navarro 3051, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Gregorio Iraola
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay; Unidad de Bioinformática, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Alejandra Méndez
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Unidad Integrada INTA-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Ruta 226 km. 76.5, Balcarce 7620, Argentina.
| | - Claudia Morsella
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Unidad Integrada INTA-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Ruta 226 km. 76.5, Balcarce 7620, Argentina.
| | - Fernando Paolicchi
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Unidad Integrada INTA-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Ruta 226 km. 76.5, Balcarce 7620, Argentina.
| | - Silvia Silveyra
- División de Laboratorios Veterinarios, Ministerio de Ganadería Agricultura y Pesca, Ruta 8 Brig. Gral. J. A. Lavalleja Km. 17.500, Montevideo, 12000, Uruguay.
| | - Alejandra Velilla
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Unidad Integrada INTA-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Ruta 226 km. 76.5, Balcarce 7620, Argentina.
| | - Ruben Pérez
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.
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32
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Gilbert MJ, Miller WG, Yee E, Kik M, Zomer AL, Wagenaar JA, Duim B. Comparative Genomics of Campylobacter iguaniorum to Unravel Genetic Regions Associated with Reptilian Hosts. Genome Biol Evol 2016; 8:3022-3029. [PMID: 27604878 PMCID: PMC5630845 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evw218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter iguaniorum is most closely related to the species C. fetus, C. hyointestinalis, and C. lanienae. Reptiles, chelonians and lizards in particular, appear to be a primary reservoir of this Campylobacter species. Here we report the genome comparison of C. iguaniorum strain 1485E, isolated from a bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps), and strain 2463D, isolated from a green iguana (Iguana iguana), with the genomes of closely related taxa, in particular with reptile-associated C. fetus subsp. testudinum. In contrast to C. fetus, C. iguaniorum is lacking an S-layer encoding region. Furthermore, a defined lipooligosaccharide biosynthesis locus, encoding multiple glycosyltransferases and bounded by waa genes, is absent from C. iguaniorum. Instead, multiple predicted glycosylation regions were identified in C. iguaniorum. One of these regions is > 50 kb with deviant G + C content, suggesting acquisition via lateral transfer. These similar, but non-homologous glycosylation regions were located at the same position on the genome in both strains. Multiple genes encoding respiratory enzymes not identified to date within the C. fetus clade were present. C. iguaniorum shared highest homology with C. hyointestinalis and C. fetus. As in reptile-associated C. fetus subsp. testudinum, a putative tricarballylate catabolism locus was identified. However, despite colonizing a shared host, no recent recombination between both taxa was detected. This genomic study provides a better understanding of host adaptation, virulence, phylogeny, and evolution of C. iguaniorum and related Campylobacter taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten J Gilbert
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - William G Miller
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California, USA
| | - Emma Yee
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California, USA
| | - Marja Kik
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aldert L Zomer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands WHO Collaborating Center for Campylobacter/OIE Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap A Wagenaar
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands WHO Collaborating Center for Campylobacter/OIE Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Utrecht, The Netherlands Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Birgitta Duim
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands WHO Collaborating Center for Campylobacter/OIE Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Gilbert MJ, Miller WG, Yee E, Zomer AL, van der Graaf-van Bloois L, Fitzgerald C, Forbes KJ, Méric G, Sheppard SK, Wagenaar JA, Duim B. Comparative Genomics of Campylobacter fetus from Reptiles and Mammals Reveals Divergent Evolution in Host-Associated Lineages. Genome Biol Evol 2016; 8:2006-19. [PMID: 27333878 PMCID: PMC4943207 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evw146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter fetus currently comprises three recognized subspecies, which display distinct host association. Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus and C fetus subsp. venerealis are both associated with endothermic mammals, primarily ruminants, whereas C fetus subsp. testudinum is primarily associated with ectothermic reptiles. Both C. fetus subsp. testudinum and C. fetus subsp. fetus have been associated with severe infections, often with a systemic component, in immunocompromised humans. To study the genetic factors associated with the distinct host dichotomy in C. fetus, whole-genome sequencing and comparison of mammal- and reptile-associated C fetus was performed. The genomes of C fetus subsp. testudinum isolated from either reptiles or humans were compared with elucidate the genetic factors associated with pathogenicity in humans. Genomic comparisons showed conservation of gene content and organization among C fetus subspecies, but a clear distinction between mammal- and reptile-associated C fetus was observed. Several genomic regions appeared to be subspecies specific, including a putative tricarballylate catabolism pathway, exclusively present in C fetus subsp. testudinum strains. Within C fetus subsp. testudinum, sapA, sapB, and sapAB type strains were observed. The recombinant locus iamABC (mlaFED) was exclusively associated with invasive C fetus subsp. testudinum strains isolated from humans. A phylogenetic reconstruction was consistent with divergent evolution in host-associated strains and the existence of a barrier to lateral gene transfer between mammal- and reptile-associated C fetus Overall, this study shows that reptile-associated C fetus subsp. testudinum is genetically divergent from mammal-associated C fetus subspecies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten J Gilbert
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - William G Miller
- US Department of Agriculture, Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Albany, California
| | - Emma Yee
- US Department of Agriculture, Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Albany, California
| | - Aldert L Zomer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, the Netherlands WHO Collaborating Center for Campylobacter/OIE Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Linda van der Graaf-van Bloois
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, the Netherlands WHO Collaborating Center for Campylobacter/OIE Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Collette Fitzgerald
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ken J Forbes
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Guillaume Méric
- College of Medicine, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel K Sheppard
- College of Medicine, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, United Kingdom MRC Cloud-Based Infrastructure for Microbial Bioinformatics (CLIMB) Centre, Swansea University, United Kingdom Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jaap A Wagenaar
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, the Netherlands WHO Collaborating Center for Campylobacter/OIE Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Utrecht, the Netherlands Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | - Birgitta Duim
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, the Netherlands WHO Collaborating Center for Campylobacter/OIE Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Complete Genome Sequence of Campylobacter iguaniorum Strain RM11343, Isolated from an Alpaca. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2016; 4:4/3/e00646-16. [PMID: 27365359 PMCID: PMC4929522 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00646-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter iguaniorum is a member of the C. fetus group of campylobacters and is one of two Campylobacter taxa isolated from reptiles. This study describes the whole-genome sequence of the C. iguaniorum strain RM11343, which was isolated from a California alpaca fecal sample.
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van Samkar A, Brouwer MC, van der Ende A, van de Beek D. Campylobacter Fetus Meningitis in Adults: Report of 2 Cases and Review of the Literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e2858. [PMID: 26937916 PMCID: PMC4779013 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The zoonotic pathogen Campylobacter fetus is a rare cause of bacterial meningitis. Little is known about the clinical characteristics, predisposing factors and outcome of C fetus meningitis in adults.We report cases of C fetus meningitis in a nationwide cohort study of adult bacterial meningitis patients in the Netherlands and performed a review of the literature.Two patients with C fetus meningitis were identified from January 2006 through May 2015. The calculated annual incidence was 0.02 per million adults. Combined with the literature, we identified 22 patients with a median age of 48 years. An immunocompromised state was present in 16 patients (73%), mostly due to alcoholism (41%) and diabetes mellitus (27%). The source of infection was identified in 13 out of 19 patients (68%), consisting of regular contact with domestic animals in 5 and working on a farm in 4. Recurrent fever and illness was reported in 4 patients (18%), requiring prolonged antibiotic treatment. Two patients died (9%) and 3 survivors (15%) had neurological sequelae.C fetus is a rare cause of bacterial meningitis and is associated with an immunocompromised state. Based on the apparent slow clinical response seen in this limited number of cases, the authors of this study recommend a prolonged course of antimicrobial therapy when C fetus is identified as a causative agent of bacterial meningitis. Cases appeared to do best with carbapenem therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha van Samkar
- From the Department of Neurology (AVS, MCB, DVDB); Department of Medical Microbiology (AVDE), Academic Medical Center, Center of Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA); and Netherlands Reference Laboratory for Bacterial Meningitis (AVDE), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Gilbert MJ, Kik M, Miller WG, Duim B, Wagenaar JA. Campylobacter iguaniorum sp. nov., isolated from reptiles. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2015; 65:975-982. [PMID: 25574036 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.000048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During sampling of reptiles for members of the class Epsilonproteobacteria, strains representing a member of the genus Campylobacter not belonging to any of the established taxa were isolated from lizards and chelonians. Initial amplified fragment length polymorphism, PCR and 16S rRNA sequence analysis showed that these strains were most closely related to Campylobacter fetus and Campylobacter hyointestinalis. A polyphasic study was undertaken to determine the taxonomic position of five strains. The strains were characterized by 16S rRNA and atpA sequence analysis, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry and conventional phenotypic testing. Whole-genome sequences were determined for strains 1485E(T) and 2463D, and the average nucleotide and amino acid identities were determined for these strains. The strains formed a robust phylogenetic clade, divergent from all other species of the genus Campylobacter. In contrast to most currently known members of the genus Campylobacter, the strains showed growth at ambient temperatures, which might be an adaptation to their reptilian hosts. The results of this study clearly show that these strains isolated from reptiles represent a novel species within the genus Campylobacter, for which the name Campylobacter iguaniorum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 1485E(T) ( = LMG 28143(T) = CCUG 66346(T)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten J Gilbert
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marja Kik
- Department Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - William G Miller
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, USA
| | - Birgitta Duim
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Campylobacter/OIE Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap A Wagenaar
- Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, Lelystad, The Netherlands.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Campylobacter/OIE Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Fitzgerald C, Tu ZC, Patrick M, Stiles T, Lawson AJ, Santovenia M, Gilbert MJ, van Bergen M, Joyce K, Pruckler J, Stroika S, Duim B, Miller WG, Loparev V, Sinnige JC, Fields PI, Tauxe RV, Blaser MJ, Wagenaar JA. Campylobacter fetus subsp. testudinum subsp. nov., isolated from humans and reptiles. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2014; 64:2944-2948. [DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.057778-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A polyphasic study was undertaken to determine the taxonomic position of 13
Campylobacter fetus
-like strains from humans (n = 8) and reptiles (n = 5). The results of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) MS and genomic data from sap analysis, 16S rRNA gene and hsp60 sequence comparison, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis, DNA–DNA hybridization and whole genome sequencing demonstrated that these strains are closely related to
C. fetus
but clearly differentiated from recognized subspecies of
C. fetus
. Therefore, this unique cluster of 13 strains represents a novel subspecies within the species
C. fetus
, for which the name Campylobacter fetus subsp. testudinum subsp. nov. is proposed, with strain 03-427T ( = ATCC BAA-2539T = LMG 27499T) as the type strain. Although this novel taxon could not be differentiated from
C. fetus subsp. fetus
and
C. fetus subsp. venerealis
using conventional phenotypic tests, MALDI-TOF MS revealed the presence of multiple phenotypic biomarkers which distinguish Campylobacter fetus subsp. testudinum subsp. nov. from recognized subspecies of
C. fetus
.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collette Fitzgerald
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zheng chao Tu
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Mary Patrick
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tracy Stiles
- Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Jamaica Plain, MA, USA
| | | | - Monica Santovenia
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Maarten J. Gilbert
- WHO Collaborating Center for Campylobacter/OIE Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel van Bergen
- Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, Lelystad, The Netherlands
- WHO Collaborating Center for Campylobacter/OIE Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin Joyce
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Janet Pruckler
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Steven Stroika
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Birgitta Duim
- WHO Collaborating Center for Campylobacter/OIE Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - William G. Miller
- USDA, ARS, WRRC, Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Albany, CA, USA
| | - Vladimir Loparev
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jan C. Sinnige
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia I. Fields
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Robert V. Tauxe
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Martin J. Blaser
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jaap A. Wagenaar
- Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, Lelystad, The Netherlands
- WHO Collaborating Center for Campylobacter/OIE Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Gilbert MJ, Kik M, Timmerman AJ, Severs TT, Kusters JG, Duim B, Wagenaar JA. Occurrence, diversity, and host association of intestinal Campylobacter, Arcobacter, and Helicobacter in reptiles. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101599. [PMID: 24988130 PMCID: PMC4079654 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter, Arcobacter, and Helicobacter species have been isolated from many vertebrate hosts, including birds, mammals, and reptiles. Multiple studies have focused on the prevalence of these Epsilonproteobacteria genera in avian and mammalian species. However, little focus has been given to the presence within reptiles, and their potential zoonotic and pathogenic roles. In this study, occurrence, diversity, and host association of intestinal Epsilonproteobacteria were determined for a large variety of reptiles. From 2011 to 2013, 444 cloacal swabs and fecal samples originating from 417 predominantly captive-held reptiles were screened for Epsilonproteobacteria. Campylobacter, Arcobacter, and Helicobacter genus specific PCRs were performed directly on all samples. All samples were also cultured on selective media and screened for the presence of Epsilonproteobacteria. Using a tiered approach of AFLP, atpA, and 16S rRNA sequencing, 432 Epsilonproteobacteria isolates were characterized at the species level. Based on PCR, Campylobacter, Arcobacter, and Helicobacter were detected in 69.3% of the reptiles; 82.5% of the chelonians, 63.8% of the lizards, and 58.0% of the snakes were positive for one or more of these genera. Epsilonproteobacteria were isolated from 22.1% of the reptiles and were isolated most frequently from chelonians (37.0%), followed by lizards (19.6%) and snakes (3.0%). The most commonly isolated taxa were Arcobacter butzleri, Arcobacter skirrowii, reptile-associated Campylobacter fetus subsp. testudinum, and a putative novel Campylobacter taxon. Furthermore, a clade of seven related putative novel Helicobacter taxa was isolated from lizards and chelonians. This study shows that reptiles carry various intestinal Epsilonproteobacteria taxa, including several putative novel taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten J. Gilbert
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Marja Kik
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen J. Timmerman
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tim T. Severs
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes G. Kusters
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Birgitta Duim
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- WHO Collaborating Center for Campylobacter/OIE Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap A. Wagenaar
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- WHO Collaborating Center for Campylobacter/OIE Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, Lelystad, The Netherlands
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Giacomelli M, Piccirillo A. Pet reptiles as potential reservoir of Campylobacter species with zoonotic potential. Vet Rec 2014; 174:479. [PMID: 24722234 DOI: 10.1136/vr.102243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Giacomelli
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, viale dell'Università, 16, Legnaro, PD 35020, Italy
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Complete Genome Sequence of Campylobacter fetus subsp. testudinum Strain 03-427T. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2013; 1:1/6/e01002-13. [PMID: 24336365 PMCID: PMC3861418 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01002-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter fetus subsp. testudinum has been isolated from reptiles and humans. This Campylobacter subspecies is genetically distinct from other C. fetus subspecies. Here, we present the first whole-genome sequence for this C. fetus subspecies.
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Whiley H, van den Akker B, Giglio S, Bentham R. The role of environmental reservoirs in human campylobacteriosis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 10:5886-907. [PMID: 24217177 PMCID: PMC3863877 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10115886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis is infection caused by the bacteria Campylobacter spp. and is considered a major public health concern. Campylobacter spp. have been identified as one of the most common causative agents of bacterial gastroenteritis. They are typically considered a foodborne pathogen and have been shown to colonise the intestinal mucosa of all food-producing animals. Much emphasis has been placed on controlling the foodborne pathway of exposure, particularly within the poultry industry, however, other environmental sources have been identified as important contributors to human infection. This paper aims to review the current literature on the sources of human exposure to Campylobacter spp. and will cover contaminated poultry, red meat, unpasteurised milk, unwashed fruit and vegetables, compost, wild bird faeces, sewage, surface water, ground water and drinking water. A comparison of current Campylobacter spp. identification methods from environmental samples is also presented. The review of literature suggests that there are multiple and diverse sources for Campylobacter infection. Many environmental sources result in direct human exposure but also in contamination of the food processing industry. This review provides useful information for risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet Whiley
- Environmental Health, School of the Environment, Flinders University, P.O. Box 2100, Adelaide 5001, South Australia, Australia; E-Mail:
| | - Ben van den Akker
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5001, South Australia, Australia; E-Mail:
| | - Steven Giglio
- Healthscope Pathology, South Australia, 1 Goodwood Rd., Wayville 5034, South Australia, Australia; E-Mail:
| | - Richard Bentham
- Environmental Health, School of the Environment, Flinders University, P.O. Box 2100, Adelaide 5001, South Australia, Australia; E-Mail:
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