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Willoughby JR, McKenzie BA, Ahn J, Steury TD, Lepzcyk CA, Zohdy S. Assessing and managing the risk of Aedes mosquito introductions via the global maritime trade network. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012110. [PMID: 38598547 PMCID: PMC11034661 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The global shipping network (GSN) has been suggested as a pathway for the establishment and reintroduction of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus primarily via the tire trade. We used historical maritime movement data in combination with an agent-based model to understand invasion risk in the United States Gulf Coast and how the risk of these invasions could be reduced. We found a strong correlation between the total number of cargo ship arrivals at each port and likelihood of arrival by both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. Additionally, in 2012, 99.2% of the arrivals into target ports had most recently visited ports likely occupied by both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, increasing risk of Aedes invasion. Our model results indicated that detection and removal of mosquitoes from containers when they are unloaded effectively reduced the probability of mosquito populations establishment even when the connectivity of ports increased. To reduce the risk of invasion and reintroduction of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, surveillance and control efforts should be employed when containers leave high risk locations and when they arrive in ports at high risk of establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna R. Willoughby
- College of Forestry, Wildlife, and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Benjamin A. McKenzie
- College of Forestry, Wildlife, and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
- Geospatial Research, Analysis, and Services Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jordan Ahn
- Geospatial Research, Analysis, and Services Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Todd D. Steury
- College of Forestry, Wildlife, and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Christopher A. Lepzcyk
- College of Forestry, Wildlife, and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Sarah Zohdy
- College of Forestry, Wildlife, and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
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2
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Chen LH, Marti C, Diaz Perez C, Jackson BM, Simon AM, Lu M. Epidemiology and burden of dengue fever in the United States: a systematic review. J Travel Med 2023; 30:taad127. [PMID: 37792822 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taad127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue is currently a global concern. The range of dengue vectors is expanding with climate change, yet United States of America (USA) studies on dengue epidemiology and burden are limited. This systematic review sought to characterize the epidemiology and disease burden of dengue within the USA. METHODS Studies evaluating travel-related and endemic dengue in US states and territories were identified and qualitatively summarized. Commentaries and studies on ex-US cases were excluded. MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, Latin American and Caribbean Center of Health Sciences Information, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination and Clinicaltrials.gov were searched through January 2022. RESULTS 116 studies were included. In US states, dengue incidence was generally low, with spikes occurring in recent years in 2013-16 (0.17-0.31 cases/100,000) and peaking in 2019 (0.35 cases/100,000). Most cases (94%, n = 7895, 2010-21) were travel related. Dengue was more common in Puerto Rico (cumulative average: 200 cases/100,000, 1980-2015); in 2010-21, 99.9% of cases were locally acquired. There were <50 severe cases in US states (2010-17); fatal cases were even rarer. Severe cases in Puerto Rico peaked in 1998 (n = 173) and 2021 (n = 76). Besides lower income, risk factors in US states included having birds in residence, suggesting unspecified environmental characteristics favourable to dengue vectors. Commonly reported symptoms included fever, headache and rash; median disease duration was 3.5-11 days. Hospitalization rates increased following 2009 World Health Organization disease classification changes (pre-2009: 0-54%; post-2009: 14-75%); median length of stay was 2.7-8 days (Puerto Rico) and 2-3 days (US states). Hospitalization costs/case (2010 USD) were$14 350 (US states),$1764-$5497 (Puerto Rico) and$4207 (US Virgin Islands). In Puerto Rico, average days missed were 0.2-5.3 (work) and 2.5 (school). CONCLUSIONS Though dengue risk is ongoing, treatments are limited, and dengue's economic burden is high. There is an urgent need for additional preventive and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin H Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Travel Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital, 330 Mount Auburn Street Suite 413 Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Carlos Marti
- Department of Pediatrics, San Juan City Hospital, Paseo Dr. Jose Celso Barbosa San Juan, PR 00921, Puerto Rico
| | - Clemente Diaz Perez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, Puerto Rico
| | - Bianca M Jackson
- Evidence & Access, OPEN Health, 25 Recreation Park Drive, Suite 200 Hingham, MA 02043, USA
| | - Alyssa M Simon
- Evidence & Access, OPEN Health, 25 Recreation Park Drive, Suite 200 Hingham, MA 02043, USA
| | - Mei Lu
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc., 95 Hayden Avenue Lexington, MA 0242195, USA
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Christofferson RC, Turner EA, Peña-García VH. Identifying Knowledge Gaps through the Systematic Review of Temperature-Driven Variability in the Competence of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus for Chikungunya Virus. Pathogens 2023; 12:1368. [PMID: 38003832 PMCID: PMC10675276 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12111368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Temperature is a well-known effector of several transmission factors of mosquito-borne viruses, including within mosquito dynamics. These dynamics are often characterized by vector competence and the extrinsic incubation period (EIP). Vector competence is the intrinsic ability of a mosquito population to become infected with and transmit a virus, while EIP is the time it takes for the virus to reach the salivary glands and be expectorated following an infectious bloodmeal. Temperatures outside the optimal range act on life traits, decreasing transmission potential, while increasing temperature within the optimal range correlates to increasing vector competence and a decreased EIP. These relatively well-studied effects of other Aedes borne viruses (dengue and Zika) are used to make predictions about transmission efficiency, including the challenges presented by urban heat islands and climate change. However, the knowledge of temperature and chikungunya (CHIKV) dynamics within its two primary vectors-Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus-remains less characterized, even though CHIKV remains a virus of public-health importance. Here, we review the literature and summarize the state of the literature on CHIKV and temperature dependence of vector competence and EIP and use these data to demonstrate how the remaining knowledge gap might confound the ability to adequately predict and, thus, prepare for future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erik A. Turner
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
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Trojánek M, Grebenyuk V, Manďáková Z, Sojková N, Zelená H, Roháčová H, Stejskal F. Epidemiology of dengue, chikungunya and Zika virus infections in travellers: A 16-year retrospective descriptive study at a tertiary care centre in Prague, Czech Republic. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281612. [PMID: 36809441 PMCID: PMC9942961 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aims to describe the epidemiological characteristics of imported cases of dengue (DEN), chikungunya (CHIK), and Zika virus (ZIKV) infections in Czech travellers. MATERIALS AND METHODS This single-centre descriptive study has retrospectively analysed data of patients with laboratory confirmed DEN, CHIK, and ZIKV infections diagnosed at the Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Tropical Diseases of the University Hospital Bulovka in Prague, Czech Republic from 2004 to 2019. RESULTS The study included a total of 313 patients with DEN, 30 with CHIK, and 19 with ZIKV infections. Most patients travelled as tourists:263 (84.0%), 28 (93.3%), and 17 (89.5%), respectively (p = 0.337). The median duration of stay was 20 (IQR 14-27), 21 (IQR 14-29), and 15 days (IQR 14-43), respectively (p = 0.935). Peaks of imported DEN and ZIKV infections were noted in 2016, and in 2019 in the case of CHIK infection. Most cases of DEN and CHIKV infections were acquired in Southeast Asia:212 (67.7%) and 15 (50%), respectively, while ZIKV infection was most commonly imported from the Caribbean (11; 57,9%). CONCLUSIONS Arbovirus infections represent an increasingly significant cause of illness in Czech travellers. Comprehensive knowledge of the specific epidemiological profile of these diseases is an essential prerequisite for good travel medicine practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Trojánek
- Department of Infectious Diseases, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Bulovka, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Travel Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vyacheslav Grebenyuk
- Department of Infectious Diseases, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Bulovka, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Travel Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
| | - Zdenka Manďáková
- Department of Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Naděžda Sojková
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital Bulovka, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Zelená
- National Reference Laboratory for Arboviruses, Institute of Public Health in Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Roháčová
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Bulovka, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Stejskal
- Department of Infectious Diseases, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Bulovka, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
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Maichak C, Hiney K, Loss SR, Talley JL, Noden BH. Effects of woody plant encroachment by eastern redcedar on mosquito communities in Oklahoma. JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR VECTOR ECOLOGY 2022; 47:179-187. [PMID: 36314672 DOI: 10.52707/1081-1710-47.2.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Woody plant encroachment into grasslands is occurring worldwide, affecting ecosystems in ways that likely influence mosquito-borne disease transmission. In the U.S. Great Plains, encroachment by eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana) (ERC) may be expanding conducive habitat for mosquitoes and their hosts, but few studies have evaluated associations between ERC encroachment and West Nile virus (WNV). To test the hypotheses that mosquito abundance and WNV-infected mosquitoes increase with increasing ERC cover, we collected mosquitoes in 32 sites in Oklahoma reflecting various ERC encroachment stages. We found support for our first hypothesis, as mean abundance of Aedes albopictus increased significantly with ERC cover. However, Psorophora columbiae and Anopheles quadrimaculatus abundance decreased with increasing ERC. There was no significant association with ERC for other mosquito species. We could not test our second hypothesis due to low WNV prevalence, but the only detected WNV-infected pool of mosquitoes (Cx. tarsalis) was collected in ERC. Our results suggest ERC encroachment increases abundance of at least one medically important mosquito species, but further research is needed to clarify how encroachment affects ecology of the entire WNV disease system through changes to vector and host communities, vector-host interactions, and thus disease transmission and prevalence. Understanding relationships between woody plant encroachment and the nidus of infection for mosquito-borne diseases will be crucial for targeting public health efforts, including land management activities that limit and/or eradicate woody plant encroachment, particularly in areas with high levels of disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Maichak
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK 74078-3033
| | - Kris Hiney
- Department of Animal & Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK 74078-3033
| | - Scott R Loss
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology & Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078-3033
| | - Justin L Talley
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK 74078-3033
| | - Bruce H Noden
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK 74078-3033,
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Wong JM, Adams LE, Durbin AP, Muñoz-Jordán JL, Poehling KA, Sánchez-González LM, Volkman HR, Paz-Bailey G. Dengue: A Growing Problem With New Interventions. Pediatrics 2022; 149:187012. [PMID: 35543085 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2021-055522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is the disease caused by 1 of 4 distinct, but closely related dengue viruses (DENV-1-4) that are transmitted by Aedes spp. mosquito vectors. It is the most common arboviral disease worldwide, with the greatest burden in tropical and sub-tropical regions. In the absence of effective prevention and control measures, dengue is projected to increase in both disease burden and geographic range. Given its increasing importance as an etiology of fever in the returning traveler or the possibility of local transmission in regions in the United States with competent vectors, as well as the risk for large outbreaks in endemic US territories and associated states, clinicians should understand its clinical presentation and be familiar with appropriate testing, triage, and management of patients with dengue. Control and prevention efforts reached a milestone in June 2021 when the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended Dengvaxia for routine use in children aged 9 to 16 years living in endemic areas with laboratory confirmation of previous dengue virus infection. Dengvaxia is the first vaccine against dengue to be recommended for use in the United States and one of the first to require laboratory testing of potential recipients to be eligible for vaccination. In this review, we outline dengue pathogenesis, epidemiology, and key clinical features for front-line clinicians evaluating patients presenting with dengue. We also provide a summary of Dengvaxia efficacy, safety, and considerations for use as well as an overview of other potential new tools to control and prevent the growing threat of dengue .
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Wong
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.,Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Laura E Adams
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Anna P Durbin
- Center for Immunization Research, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jorge L Muñoz-Jordán
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Liliana M Sánchez-González
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Hannah R Volkman
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Gabriela Paz-Bailey
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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Juarez JG, Chaves LF, Garcia‐Luna SM, Martin E, Badillo‐Vargas I, Medeiros MCI, Hamer GL. Variable coverage in an Autocidal Gravid Ovitrap intervention impacts efficacy of Aedes aegypti control. J Appl Ecol 2021; 58:2075-2086. [PMID: 34690360 PMCID: PMC8518497 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Control of the arboviral disease vector Aedes aegypti has shown variable levels of efficacy around the globe. We evaluated an Autocidal Gravid Ovitrap (AGO) intervention as a stand-alone control tool for population suppression of A. aegypti in US communities bordering Mexico.We conducted a cluster randomized crossover trial with weekly mosquito surveillance of sentinel households from July 2017 to December 2018. The intervention took place from August to December of both years. Multilevel models (generalized linear and additive mixed models) were used to analyse the changes in population abundance of female A. aegypti.We observed that female populations were being suppressed 77% (2018) and four times lower outdoor female abundance when AGO coverage (number of intervention AGO traps that surrounded a sentinel home) was high (2.7 AGOs/house). However, we also observed that areas with low intervention AGO coverage resulted in no difference (2017) or slightly higher abundance compared to the control. These results suggest that coverage rate might play a critical role on how populations of female A. aegypti are being modulated in the field. The lack of larval source habitat reduction and the short duration of the intervention period might have limited the A. aegypti population suppression observed in this study. Synthesis and applications. The mosquito, A. aegypti, is a public health concern in most tropical and subtropical regions. With the rise of insecticide resistance, the evaluation of non-chemical tools has become pivotal in the fight against arboviral disease transmission. Our study shows that the AGO intervention, as a stand-alone control tool, is limited by its coverage in human settlements. Vector control programmes should consider, that if the target coverage rate is not achieved, measures will be ineffective unless coupled with other control approaches. Although our multilevel modelling was focused on A. aegypti and the AGO, the approach can be applied to other mosquito vector species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose G. Juarez
- Department of EntomologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - Luis F. Chaves
- Instituto Costarricense de Investigación y Enseñanza en Nutrición y Salud (INCIENSA)CartagoCosta Rica
| | | | - Estelle Martin
- Department of EntomologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | | | | | - Gabriel L. Hamer
- Department of EntomologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
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Characterization of a Dengue Virus Serotype 1 Isolated from a Patient in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10070872. [PMID: 34358022 PMCID: PMC8308707 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10070872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue (DEN) is the most important human arboviral disease worldwide. Sporadic outbreaks of DEN have been reported since 1980 in urban communities located along the border in southeast Texas and northern Mexico. Other than the Rio Grande Valley region of TX, autochthonous transmission of DENV has not been reported from any other US border communities. As part of a surveillance program for arthropod-borne viruses in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, during November 2015, a blood sample was obtained from a female patient who experienced an undifferentiated fever and arthralgia. The plasma of the sample was tested for virus in Vero-76 and C6/36 cells. DENV serotype 1 (DENV-1) was isolated in the C6/36 cells, and nucleotide sequencing of the envelope gene and full genome grouped the DENV-1 isolate in the Central America clade. The patient had not traveled outside of Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, thus suggesting DENV-1 infection was acquired in this community.
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9
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Nag DK, Payne AF, Dieme C, Ciota AT, Kramer LD. Zika virus infects Aedes aegypti ovaries. Virology 2021; 561:58-64. [PMID: 34147955 PMCID: PMC10117528 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pathogens are transmitted from one host to another either by vertical transmission (VT) or horizontal transmission (HT). Mosquito-borne arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses), including several clinically important viruses such as dengue, Zika, West Nile and chikungunya viruses persist in nature by both VT and HT. VT may also serve as an essential link in the transmission cycle during adverse environmental conditions. VT rates (VTRs) vary between virus families and even among viruses within the same genus. The mechanism behind these differences in VTRs among viruses is poorly understood. For efficient VT to occur, viruses must infect the mosquito germline. Here, we show that Zika virus infects mosquito ovaries and is transmitted vertically at a low rate. The infected progeny derive from mosquitoes with infected ovaries. The prevalence of ovary infection increases after a second non-infectious blood meal following an infectious blood meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip K Nag
- Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY 12159, USA.
| | - Anne F Payne
- Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY 12159, USA
| | - Constentin Dieme
- Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY 12159, USA
| | - Alexander T Ciota
- Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY 12159, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Laura D Kramer
- Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY 12159, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12208, USA
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10
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Juarez JG, Garcia-Luna SM, Medeiros MCI, Dickinson KL, Borucki MK, Frank M, Badillo-Vargas I, Chaves LF, Hamer GL. The Eco-Bio-Social Factors That Modulate Aedes aegypti Abundance in South Texas Border Communities. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12020183. [PMID: 33670064 PMCID: PMC7926310 DOI: 10.3390/insects12020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The Aedes aegypti mosquito is distributed worldwide and has become a major public health concern due to its proclivity for the urban environment, human feeding behavior, and ability to transmit agents of diseases such as Zika, chikungunya, and dengue. In the continental United States, the region known as the Lower Rio Grande Valley is one of the few areas with local mosquito transmission of these pathogens transmitted by Ae. aegypti. With limited resources for mosquito control in this region, understanding the ecological, biological, and social factors that affect Ae. aegypti population can help guide and improve current control efforts. We were able to observe widespread knowledge regarding Zika, but with very low importance given to mosquitoes as a problem. We found that the presence of window-mounted air conditioning units, number of windows and doors, characteristics of the property, and presence of children in the household all influenced the abundance of Ae. aegypti. The current results not only show a need for improved community engagement for increasing disease and mosquito risk awareness, but also provide risk factors that can guide current vector control activities. Abstract Aedes aegypti control requires dedicated resources that are usually scarce, limiting the reach and sustainability of vector control programs. This generates a need to focus on areas at risk of disease transmission and also understand the factors that might modulate local mosquito abundance. We evaluated the eco-bio-social factors that modulate indoor and outdoor relative abundance of female Ae. aegypti in communities of South Texas. We conducted housing quality and Knowledge Attitudes and Practices surveys in households that were part of a weekly mosquito surveillance program in November of 2017 and 2018. Our results showed widespread knowledge of mosquitoes and Zika virus by our participants. However, less than 35% considered them as serious problems in this region. The presence of window-mounted air conditioning units increased the risk of female mosquito relative abundance indoors. An increase in outdoor relative abundance was associated with larger properties and a higher number of children between 6 to 17 years of age. Interestingly, we observed that an increasing number of children <5 years of age modulated both indoor and outdoor relative abundance, with a 52% increase indoors and 30% decrease outdoors. The low perception of mosquito and disease risk highlights engagement needs for vector-borne disease prevention in this region. The identified risk factors can help guide public health officials in their efforts to reduce human and vector contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose G. Juarez
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (S.M.G.-L.); (I.B.-V.)
- Correspondence: (J.G.J.); (G.L.H.)
| | - Selene M. Garcia-Luna
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (S.M.G.-L.); (I.B.-V.)
| | - Matthew C. I. Medeiros
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA;
| | - Katherine L. Dickinson
- Colorado School of Public Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Monica K. Borucki
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; (M.K.B.); (M.F.)
| | - Matthias Frank
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; (M.K.B.); (M.F.)
| | - Ismael Badillo-Vargas
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (S.M.G.-L.); (I.B.-V.)
| | - Luis F. Chaves
- Instituto Costarricense de Investigación y Enseñanza en Nutrición y Salud (INCIENSA), Tres Ríos 4-2250, Cartago, Costa Rica;
| | - Gabriel L. Hamer
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (S.M.G.-L.); (I.B.-V.)
- Correspondence: (J.G.J.); (G.L.H.)
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11
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McGregor BL, Giordano BV, Runkel AE, Nigg HN, Nigg HL, Burkett-Cadena ND. Comparison of the Effect of Insecticides on Bumble Bees (Bombus impatiens) and Mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus) by Standard Mosquito Research Methods. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 114:24-32. [PMID: 33367780 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toaa282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mosquito control districts in the United States are limited to two main classes of adulticides, pyrethroids and organophosphates, to control mosquitoes. Two adulticides used to control domestic mosquitoes are Fyfanon EW (malathion, organophosphate) and DeltaGard (deltamethrin, pyrethroid). While the effect of these pesticides on European honeybees (Apis mellifera L., Hymenoptera: Apidae) has been investigated, effects on native pollinators need additional research. The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute nontarget effects of these pesticides on Bombus impatiens Cresson (Hymenoptera: Apidae), a native North American bumble bee species, and compare these effects to wild and laboratory strains of mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti (L.) and Culex quinquefasciatus Say, Diptera: Culicidae) through field and laboratory assays. Bombus impatiens was found to be resistant to Fyfanon EW (x̅ = 6.7% mortality at 50-µg malathion per bottle) at levels that caused significant mortality to study mosquitoes (86.2 ≥ x̅ ≥ 100% mortality) in laboratory bottle bioassays. Comparatively, B. impatiens demonstrated greater mortality to DeltaGard (93.3%) at 2.5-µg deltamethrin/bottle than any mosquito colony assayed (14.1 ≥ x̅ ≥ 87.0% mortality). Only DeltaGard was tested in field applications. In the field, we observed acute effects of DeltaGard on mosquitoes and B. impatiens at 25- and 75-m distance from a truck-mounted ultra-low volume fogger, although treatment effects were not significant for B. impatiens. Additional wild-caught nontarget mortality to DeltaGard field trials was also evaluated. This study indicated that common mosquito control adulticides do cause nontarget mortality to B. impatiens but that impacts are variable depending on pesticide and further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany L McGregor
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida - IFAS, Vero Beach, FL
| | - Bryan V Giordano
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida - IFAS, Vero Beach, FL
| | - Alfred E Runkel
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida - IFAS, Vero Beach, FL
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Mosquito Vector Production across Socio-Economic Divides in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041420. [PMID: 33546458 PMCID: PMC7913609 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the role of socio-economic factors in the proliferation of mosquito vectors in two adjacent but socio-economically contrasting neighborhoods in Baton Rouge, LA, USA. We surveyed mosquito larvae habitat, mosquito larvae, and adult mosquitoes during the summer of 2020. We also evaluated the number of requests for mosquito abatement services in the years preceding the study for each area. While we did not find differences in terms of the most abundant species, Culex quinquefasicatus (F1,30 = 0.329, p = 0.57), we did find a higher abundance of mosquito habitats, particularly discarded tires, as well as larvae (z = 13.83, p < 0.001) and adults (F1,30 = 4.207, p = 0.049) of the species Aedes albopictus in the low-income neighborhood. In contrast, mosquito abatement requests were significantly higher in the high socio-economic neighborhood (z = −8.561, p < 0.001). This study shows how factors such as adjudicated properties, discarded tires and pest abatement requests can influence the abundance of mosquito vectors, disproportionately affecting low-income groups. This study also highlights how Aedes spp. may be better indicators than Culex spp. of socio-economic differences between nearby neighborhoods, due to their short flight range and habitat preferences, and this should be considered in future studies attempting to detect such disparities in the future.
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Watts DM, Rodriguez CM, Palermo PM, Suarez V, Wong SJ, Orbegozo J, Dupuis AP, Kramer LD, Gonzalez FJ, Handel GA. Serosurvey for dengue virus infection among pregnant women in the West Nile virus enzootic community of El Paso Texas. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242889. [PMID: 33253280 PMCID: PMC7703982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
All 4 dengue viruses (DENV) cause sporadic outbreaks of human disease in the Rio Grande Valley along the US-Mexico border. In addition, West Nile virus (WNV) is enzootic in most border communities, and is the only arbovirus known to cause human disease in the El Paso, Texas community. In an effort to determine if DENV were also endemic in the El Paso community, a serosurvey was conducted among mothers at the time of delivery of their babies in selected hospitals. Cord-blood plasma samples obtained from mothers were tested for DENV antibody by an enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA), plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) and a multiplex microsphere immunoassay. All DENV antibody positive plasma samples were also tested for WNV antibody by the same assays to consider the possibility that DENV antibody positive samples reflected WNV cross reactive antibody. The results indicated that 0.74% (11/1,472) of the mothers had a previous DENV infection and that 3.3% (48/1,472) had a previous WNV infection. Of these mothers, 0.20% (3/1,472) had antibody to both DENV and WNV as evidence of infection by both viruses. The results indicated that 0.2% (3/1472) of the mothers were positive for antibody to only WNV envelope, thus suggesting an undetermined flavivirus infection. Although 6 of the 11 DENV antibody positive mothers did not have a history of travel to a DENV endemic country, the findings of this survey provided further evidence of local transmission of WNV and suggested the possibility of focal autochthonous transmission of DENV in the El Paso community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas M. Watts
- Department of Biological Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Cynthia M. Rodriguez
- Department of Biological Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Pedro M. Palermo
- Department of Biological Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Veronica Suarez
- Department of Biological Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Susan J. Wong
- Diagnostic Immunology Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, United States of America
| | - Jeanette Orbegozo
- Department of Biological Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alan P. Dupuis
- Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY, United States of America
| | - Laura D. Kramer
- Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY, United States of America
| | | | - Gilbert A. Handel
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
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Olson MF, Garcia-Luna S, Juarez JG, Martin E, Harrington LC, Eubanks MD, Badillo-Vargas IE, Hamer GL. Sugar Feeding Patterns for Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquitoes in South Texas. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:1111-1119. [PMID: 32043525 PMCID: PMC7334892 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Effective mosquito surveillance and management depend on a thorough understanding of the biology and feeding patterns unique to species and sex. Given that a propensity to sugar feed is necessary for some mosquito surveillance and newer control strategies, we sought to document the amount of total sugar in wild Aedes aegypti (L.) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) captured from five different locations in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) of South Texas over 2 yr. We used Biogents Sentinel 2 (BGS2) traps in year 1 and aspirators, BGS2, and CDC resting traps in years 2 and 3 to collect adult mosquitoes. The hot anthrone test was used to quantify total sugar content in each mosquito. Additionally, the cold and hot anthrone tests were used to distinguish fructose content from total sugars for mosquitoes captured in 2019. Overall, Ae. aegypti females had significantly lower total sugar content than Ae. aegypti males as well as both sexes of Cx. quinquefasciatus. However, the percentage of Ae. aegypti positive for fructose consumption was four to eightfold higher than Ae. aegypti previously reported in other regions. The difference between locations was significant for males of both species, but not for females. Seasonality and trapping method also revealed significant differences in sugar content of captured mosquitoes. Our results reinforce that sugar feeding in female Ae. aegypti is less than Cx. quinquefasciatus, although not absent. This study provides necessary data to evaluate the potential effectiveness of sugar baits in surveillance and control of both Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F Olson
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | | | - Jose G Juarez
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Estelle Martin
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | | | - Micky D Eubanks
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | | | - Gabriel L Hamer
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
- Corresponding author, e-mail:
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15
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Meleo-Erwin Z, Basch CH, Fera J, Garcia P. Readability of online dengue materials: The need for accessible information as part of infectious disease prevention and control efforts. Infect Dis Health 2020; 25:277-282. [PMID: 32571763 DOI: 10.1016/j.idh.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue is the fastest spreading viral infection. A number of epidemics have occurred in subtropical and tropical regions of the United States. A future expansion and intensification of dengue has been predicted, partly due to changing environmental conditions. In the absence of treatment, prevention and control are vital to addressing this vector-borne disease. Health education and community engagement are a key part of such efforts. Given that the majority of Americans search for health information online, ensuring the readability of web-based dengue information is an important consideration for health officials. To date, there is a dearth of information on this topic. METHODS To address this gap, "Dengue fever" was searched using Google Chrome to generate a sample of 100 websites. Using Readable.io, the readability of these 100 sites was then determined using five different tests. The data were analyzed using SPSS. RESULTS The results indicate that the vast majority of online materials on dengue are written at a level far beyond what is recommended. Three of the five tests did not find any of the sampled sites to be appropriate in terms of readability. In general, the websites analyzed tended to be written at a level beyond the 10th grade. CONCLUSION These findings have important implications for future dengue outbreaks in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Meleo-Erwin
- Department of Public Health, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ, 07470, USA.
| | - Corey H Basch
- Department of Public Health, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ, 07470, USA
| | - Joseph Fera
- Department of Mathematics, Lehman College, The City University of New York, USA
| | - Philip Garcia
- Department of Public Health, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ, 07470, USA
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16
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Olson MF, Ndeffo-Mbah ML, Juarez JG, Garcia-Luna S, Martin E, Borucki MK, Frank M, Estrada-Franco JG, Rodríguez-Pérez MA, Fernández-Santos NA, Molina-Gamboa GDJ, Carmona Aguirre SD, Reyes-Berrones BDL, Cortés-De la cruz LJ, García-Barrientos A, Huidobro-Guevara RE, Brussolo-Ceballos RM, Ramirez J, Salazar A, Chaves LF, Badillo-Vargas IE, Hamer GL. High Rate of Non-Human Feeding by Aedes aegypti Reduces Zika Virus Transmission in South Texas. Viruses 2020; 12:E453. [PMID: 32316394 PMCID: PMC7232486 DOI: 10.3390/v12040453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne viruses are emerging or re-emerging globally, afflicting millions of people around the world. Aedes aegypti, the yellow fever mosquito, is the principal vector of dengue, Zika, and chikungunya viruses, and has well-established populations across tropical and subtropical urban areas of the Americas, including the southern United States. While intense arboviral epidemics have occurred in Mexico and further south in the Americas, local transmission in the United States has been minimal. Here, we study Ae. aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus host feeding patterns and vertebrate host communities in residential environments of South Texas to identify host-utilization relative to availability. Only 31% of Ae. aegypti blood meals were derived from humans, while 50% were from dogs and 19% from other wild and domestic animals. In Cx. quinquefasciatus, 67% of blood meals were derived from chicken, 22% came from dogs, 9% from various wild avian species, and 2% from other mammals including one human, one cat, and one pig. We developed a model for the reproductive number, R0, for Zika virus (ZIKV) in South Texas relative to northern Mexico using human disease data from Tamaulipas, Mexico. We show that ZIKV R0 in South Texas communities could be greater than one if the risk of human exposure to Ae. aegypti bites in these communities is at least 60% that of Northern Mexico communities. The high utilization of non-human vertebrates and low risk of human exposure in South Texas diminishes the outbreak potential for human-amplified urban arboviruses transmitted by Ae. aegypti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F. Olson
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (M.F.O.); (J.G.J.); (S.G.-L.); (E.M.); (I.E.B.-V.)
| | - Martial L. Ndeffo-Mbah
- Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Jose G. Juarez
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (M.F.O.); (J.G.J.); (S.G.-L.); (E.M.); (I.E.B.-V.)
| | - Selene Garcia-Luna
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (M.F.O.); (J.G.J.); (S.G.-L.); (E.M.); (I.E.B.-V.)
| | - Estelle Martin
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (M.F.O.); (J.G.J.); (S.G.-L.); (E.M.); (I.E.B.-V.)
| | - Monica K. Borucki
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Chemistry, Materials and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; (M.K.B.); (M.F.)
| | - Matthias Frank
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Chemistry, Materials and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; (M.K.B.); (M.F.)
| | - José Guillermo Estrada-Franco
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Cd. Reynosa 88710, Tamaulipas, Mexico; (J.G.E.-F.); (M.A.R.-P.); (N.A.F.-S.)
| | - Mario A. Rodríguez-Pérez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Cd. Reynosa 88710, Tamaulipas, Mexico; (J.G.E.-F.); (M.A.R.-P.); (N.A.F.-S.)
| | - Nadia A. Fernández-Santos
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Cd. Reynosa 88710, Tamaulipas, Mexico; (J.G.E.-F.); (M.A.R.-P.); (N.A.F.-S.)
| | - Gloria de Jesús Molina-Gamboa
- Secretary of Health of the State of Tamaulipas, Epidemiology Directorate, Cd. Victoria 87000, Tamaulipas, Mexico; (G.d.J.M.-G.); (S.D.C.A.); (B.d.L.R.-B.); (L.J.C.-D.l.c.); (A.G.-B.); (R.E.H.-G.); (R.M.B.-C.)
| | - Santos Daniel Carmona Aguirre
- Secretary of Health of the State of Tamaulipas, Epidemiology Directorate, Cd. Victoria 87000, Tamaulipas, Mexico; (G.d.J.M.-G.); (S.D.C.A.); (B.d.L.R.-B.); (L.J.C.-D.l.c.); (A.G.-B.); (R.E.H.-G.); (R.M.B.-C.)
| | - Bernardita de Lourdes Reyes-Berrones
- Secretary of Health of the State of Tamaulipas, Epidemiology Directorate, Cd. Victoria 87000, Tamaulipas, Mexico; (G.d.J.M.-G.); (S.D.C.A.); (B.d.L.R.-B.); (L.J.C.-D.l.c.); (A.G.-B.); (R.E.H.-G.); (R.M.B.-C.)
| | - Luis Javier Cortés-De la cruz
- Secretary of Health of the State of Tamaulipas, Epidemiology Directorate, Cd. Victoria 87000, Tamaulipas, Mexico; (G.d.J.M.-G.); (S.D.C.A.); (B.d.L.R.-B.); (L.J.C.-D.l.c.); (A.G.-B.); (R.E.H.-G.); (R.M.B.-C.)
| | - Alejandro García-Barrientos
- Secretary of Health of the State of Tamaulipas, Epidemiology Directorate, Cd. Victoria 87000, Tamaulipas, Mexico; (G.d.J.M.-G.); (S.D.C.A.); (B.d.L.R.-B.); (L.J.C.-D.l.c.); (A.G.-B.); (R.E.H.-G.); (R.M.B.-C.)
| | - Raúl E. Huidobro-Guevara
- Secretary of Health of the State of Tamaulipas, Epidemiology Directorate, Cd. Victoria 87000, Tamaulipas, Mexico; (G.d.J.M.-G.); (S.D.C.A.); (B.d.L.R.-B.); (L.J.C.-D.l.c.); (A.G.-B.); (R.E.H.-G.); (R.M.B.-C.)
| | - Regina M. Brussolo-Ceballos
- Secretary of Health of the State of Tamaulipas, Epidemiology Directorate, Cd. Victoria 87000, Tamaulipas, Mexico; (G.d.J.M.-G.); (S.D.C.A.); (B.d.L.R.-B.); (L.J.C.-D.l.c.); (A.G.-B.); (R.E.H.-G.); (R.M.B.-C.)
| | - Josue Ramirez
- Health Department, City of Harlingen, TX 78550, USA;
| | - Aaron Salazar
- Hidalgo County Health & Human Services, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA;
| | - Luis F. Chaves
- Instituto Costarricense de Investigación y Enseñanza en Nutrición y Salud (INCIENSA), Apartado Postal, Tres Ríos, Cartago 4-2250, Costa Rica;
| | - Ismael E. Badillo-Vargas
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (M.F.O.); (J.G.J.); (S.G.-L.); (E.M.); (I.E.B.-V.)
| | - Gabriel L. Hamer
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (M.F.O.); (J.G.J.); (S.G.-L.); (E.M.); (I.E.B.-V.)
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Pollett S, Fauver JR, Berry IM, Melendrez M, Morrison A, Gillis LD, Johansson MA, Jarman RG, Grubaugh ND. Genomic Epidemiology as a Public Health Tool to Combat Mosquito-Borne Virus Outbreaks. J Infect Dis 2020; 221:S308-S318. [PMID: 31711190 PMCID: PMC11095994 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing technologies, exponential increases in the availability of virus genomic data, and ongoing advances in phylogenomic methods have made genomic epidemiology an increasingly powerful tool for public health response to a range of mosquito-borne virus outbreaks. In this review, we offer a brief primer on the scope and methods of phylogenomic analyses that can answer key epidemiological questions during mosquito-borne virus public health emergencies. We then focus on case examples of outbreaks, including those caused by dengue, Zika, yellow fever, West Nile, and chikungunya viruses, to demonstrate the utility of genomic epidemiology to support the prevention and control of mosquito-borne virus threats. We extend these case studies with operational perspectives on how to best incorporate genomic epidemiology into structured surveillance and response programs for mosquito-borne virus control. Many tools for genomic epidemiology already exist, but so do technical and nontechnical challenges to advancing their use. Frameworks to support the rapid sharing of multidimensional data and increased cross-sector partnerships, networks, and collaborations can support advancement on all scales, from research and development to implementation by public health agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Pollett
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland
- Marie Bashir Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J. R. Fauver
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Irina Maljkovic Berry
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | | | | | - L. D. Gillis
- Bureau of Public Health Laboratories–Miami, Florida Department of Health
| | - M. A. Johansson
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - R. G. Jarman
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - N. D. Grubaugh
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
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Heckert C. Syndemics in Symbiotic Cities: Pathogenic Policy and the Production of Health Inequity across Borders. JOURNAL OF BORDERLANDS STUDIES 2019; 37:37-55. [PMID: 35321446 PMCID: PMC8937002 DOI: 10.1080/08865655.2019.1700823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carina Heckert
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, The University of Texas at El Paso
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19
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Garcia-Luna SM, Chaves LF, Juarez JG, Bolling BG, Rodriguez A, Presas YE, Mutebi JP, Weaver SC, Badillo-Vargas IE, Hamer GL, Qualls WA. From Surveillance To Control: Evaluation of A Larvicide Intervention Against Aedes aegypti In Brownsville, Texas. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION 2019; 35:233-237. [PMID: 31647710 PMCID: PMC7138466 DOI: 10.2987/19-6858.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
South Texas is recognized as a potential area for the emergence and re-emergence of mosquito-borne diseases due to recent circulation of Zika, chikungunya, and dengue viruses. During 2017, high Aedes aegypti abundance found in the city of Brownsville, TX, in combination with the previous year's local transmission of Zika virus, triggered the activation of the Texas Department of State Health Services Emergency Mosquito Control Contingency Contract. A contract with the Clarke Environmental and Mosquito Control was a response to control Ae. aegypti, using a ground-based wide-area larvicide spray (WALS™) containing Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis. The WALS application was evaluated through a field-based bioassay and by comparing surveillance data pre- and post-WALS application. The WALS application bioassay demonstrated that the larvicide was effective up to 60 m into the target properties. Additionally, the number of Ae. aegypti captured in traps decreased in the WALS intervention areas compared with the untreated control areas, with an estimated 29% control.
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20
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Findlater A, Moineddin R, Kain D, Yang J, Wang X, Lai S, Khan K, Bogoch II. The use of air travel data for predicting dengue importation to China: A modelling study. Travel Med Infect Dis 2019; 31:101446. [PMID: 31284067 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue virus importation from abroad is still the main driver of dengue incidence in China. Using global flight data to model importation may improve our understanding and prediction of dengue virus importation and onward transmission. METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed of surveillance cases of dengue infections imported to China and volume of air traffic to China for the years 2005 through 2014, inclusive. The data were aggregated by year, destination province, and source country. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and a random effects negative binomial model was created to predict the number of imported cases based on the volume of travelers from dengue-endemic countries. RESULTS There were 1,822 cases of imported dengue infections over the study period. Most imported cases are from a small number of high-incidence countries with a large volume of travel to China, most notably Myanmar (22% of cases). The number of imported cases of dengue infections increased by 5.9% for every 10% increase in travel volume from dengue-endemic countries. CONCLUSION Patterns of air travel have a measurable impact on the importation of dengue to China. Modelling dengue importation risk may be a useful strategy to direct public health surveillance and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan Findlater
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Rahim Moineddin
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Dylan Kain
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Juan Yang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, 130 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiling Wang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, 130 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shengjie Lai
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, 130 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China; WorldPop, Department of Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK; Flowminder Foundation, Roslagsgatan 17, SE-11355, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kamran Khan
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Isaac I Bogoch
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
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Hsu AY, Ho TC, Lai ML, Tan SS, Chen TY, Lee M, Chien YW, Chen YP, Perng GC. Identification and characterization of permissive cells to dengue virus infection in human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Transfusion 2019; 59:2938-2951. [PMID: 31251408 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue virus (DENV) is a significant threat to public health in tropical and subtropical regions, where the frequency of human migration is increasing. Transmission of DENV from donors to recipients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has been steadily described. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Freshly isolated bone marrow (BM) was subjected to DENV infection, followed by multicolor fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. Virus in supernatants was collected and analyzed by plaque assay. RESULTS DENV-1 to DENV-4 could effectively infect freshly obtained BM and produced infectious virus. DENV infection did not change the quantitative population of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), megakaryocytic progenitor cells (MkPs) and megakaryocytes. Additionally, DENV antigen, nonstructural protein 1, was enriched in HSPCs and MkPs of DENV infected marrow cells. CD34+, CD133+, or CD61+ cells sorted out from BM were not only the major contributing targets facilitating the DENV infection directly but also facilitated the spread of DENV into other cells when cocultured. CONCLUSION Results suggest that DENV can efficiently infect HSPCs, which might jeopardize the recipients if DENV-infected cells were subsequently used. We therefore raise the need for DENV screening for both the donors and recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, especially for donors exposed to endemic areas, to mitigate DENV infection in immunocompromised recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Y Hsu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Tzu-Chuan Ho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Lai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sia Seng Tan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Yun Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Meed Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Chien
- Departement of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ping Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Guey Chuen Perng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Fox SJ, Bellan SE, Perkins TA, Johansson MA, Meyers LA. Downgrading disease transmission risk estimates using terminal importations. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007395. [PMID: 31199809 PMCID: PMC6594658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As emerging and re-emerging infectious arboviruses like dengue, chikungunya, and Zika threaten new populations worldwide, officials scramble to assess local severity and transmissibility, with little to no epidemiological history to draw upon. Indirect estimates of risk from vector habitat suitability maps are prone to great uncertainty, while direct estimates from epidemiological data are only possible after cases accumulate and, given environmental constraints on arbovirus transmission, cannot be widely generalized beyond the focal region. Combining these complementary methods, we use disease importation and transmission data to improve the accuracy and precision of a priori ecological risk estimates. We demonstrate this approach by estimating the spatiotemporal risks of Zika virus transmission throughout Texas, a high-risk region in the southern United States. Our estimates are, on average, 80% lower than published ecological estimates-with only six of 254 Texas counties deemed capable of sustaining a Zika epidemic-and they are consistent with the number of autochthonous cases detected in 2017. Importantly our method provides a framework for model comparison, as our mechanistic understanding of arbovirus transmission continues to improve. Real-time updating of prior risk estimates as importations and outbreaks arise can thereby provide critical, early insight into local transmission risks as emerging arboviruses expand their global reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer J. Fox
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Steven E. Bellan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Center for Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Gerogia, United States of America
| | - T. Alex Perkins
- Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Johansson
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lauren Ancel Meyers
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States of America
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23
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Gregory CJ, Oduyebo T, Brault AC, Brooks JT, Chung KW, Hills S, Kuehnert MJ, Mead P, Meaney-Delman D, Rabe I, Staples E, Petersen LR. Modes of Transmission of Zika Virus. J Infect Dis 2019; 216:S875-S883. [PMID: 29267909 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
For >60 years, Zika virus (ZIKV) has been recognized as an arthropod-borne virus with Aedes species mosquitoes as the primary vector. However in the past 10 years, multiple alternative routes of ZIKV transmission have been identified. We review the available data on vector and non-vector-borne modes of transmission and interventions undertaken, to date, to reduce the risk of human infection through these routes. Although much has been learned during the outbreak in the Americas on the underlying mechanisms and pathogenesis of non-vector-borne ZIKV infections, significant gaps remain in our understanding of the relative incidence of, and risk from, these modes compared to mosquito transmission. Additional research is urgently needed on the risk, pathogenesis, and effectiveness of measures to mitigate non-vector-borne ZIKV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Gregory
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Titilope Oduyebo
- Division of Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Aaron C Brault
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - John T Brooks
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Koo-Whang Chung
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Susan Hills
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Matthew J Kuehnert
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Paul Mead
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Dana Meaney-Delman
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ingrid Rabe
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Erin Staples
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Lyle R Petersen
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado
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Development of a Standardized Sanger-Based Method for Partial Sequencing and Genotyping of Dengue Viruses. J Clin Microbiol 2019; 57:JCM.01957-18. [PMID: 30760533 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01957-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The global expansion of dengue viruses (DENV-1 to DENV-4) has contributed to the divergence, transmission, and establishment of genetic lineages of epidemiological concern; however, tracking the phylogenetic relationships of these virus is not always possible due to the inability of standardized sequencing procedures in resource-limited public health laboratories. Consequently, public genomic data banks contain inadequate representation of geographical regions and historical periods. In order to improve detection of the DENV-1 to DENV-4 lineages, we report the development of a serotype-specific Sanger-based method standardized to sequence DENV-1 to DENV-4 directly from clinical samples using universal primers that detect most DENV genotypes. The resulting envelope protein coding sequences are analyzed for genotyping with phylogenetic methods. We evaluated the performance of this method by detecting, amplifying, and sequencing 54 contemporary DENV isolates, including 29 clinical samples, representing a variety of genotypes of epidemiological importance and global presence. All specimens were sequenced successfully and phylogenetic reconstructions resulted in the expected genotype classification. To further improve genomic surveillance in regions where dengue is endemic, this method was transferred to 16 public health laboratories in 13 Latin American countries, to date. Our objective is to provide an accessible method that facilitates the integration of genomics with dengue surveillance.
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25
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Juliano SA, Yee DA, Alto BW, Reiskind MH. Papers From a Workshop on Mosquito Ecology and Evolution Inspired by the Career of L. Philip Lounibos. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 56:299-302. [PMID: 30668777 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjy146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Juliano
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL
| | - Donald A Yee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS
| | - Barry W Alto
- Department of Entomology & Nematology, Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida, Vero Beach, FL
| | - Michael H Reiskind
- Department of Plant Pathology and Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
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Ruberto I, Yaglom H, Erhart LM, Plante L, Weiss J, Golenko C, Casal M, McCotter O, Adams L, Ernst K, Komatsu K. Dengue Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Among Arizona Health Care Providers, 2014-2015. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2019; 19:434-440. [PMID: 30802177 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2018.2370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Detection of local dengue transmission requires an aware and engaged medical community, as health care providers are the front line of public health surveillance. To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice about dengue, an online survey was distributed among Arizona health care providers during 2014 and 2015. Materials and Methods: The survey consisted of a total of 10 knowledge, attitude, and practice questions divided as follows: 5 knowledge questions, 2 attitude questions, and 3 practice questions. The link to the Qualtrics survey was distributed through the Arizona Health Alert Network to a total of 4582 e-mail addresses, of which 335 participants opened the survey, and 196 completed and submitted their responses. Results: Less than half the respondents reported choosing the right dengue diagnostic test (40.4%) or understanding the epidemiology of dengue in Arizona (40.9%). Slightly more than half the respondents reported frequently asking for travel history (59%), and three-fourth of them would notify the local health department on suspicion of a dengue patient (76.1%). Survey score was associated with providers specialized in infectious diseases (1.88, 95% CI: 0.42-3.33, p = 0.01), medical doctors or doctors of osteopathic medicine (1.82, 95% CI: 0.98-2.65, p < 0.0001), and respondents who reported to have heard about the increase in dengue cases in Sonora (Mexico) in fall 2014 (1.51, 95% CI: 0.67-2.34, p = 0.0005), indicating better survey performance. Conclusions: These results indicate that education for health care providers on dengue should be improved particularly among general practice noninfectious disease providers who might be the first point of care for dengue patients. Findings suggest that additional training on clinical management, asking travel history, and notifying the local health department on suspicion of a dengue patient are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ruberto
- 1 Office of Infectious Disease Services, Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Hayley Yaglom
- 1 Office of Infectious Disease Services, Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Laura M Erhart
- 1 Office of Infectious Disease Services, Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Lydia Plante
- 1 Office of Infectious Disease Services, Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Joli Weiss
- 1 Office of Infectious Disease Services, Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Catherine Golenko
- 1 Office of Infectious Disease Services, Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Mariana Casal
- 1 Office of Infectious Disease Services, Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Orion McCotter
- 2 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Laura Adams
- 2 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kacey Ernst
- 3 Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ken Komatsu
- 1 Office of Infectious Disease Services, Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, Arizona
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Laredo-Tiscareño SV, Garza-Hernandez JA, Salazar MI, De Luna-Santillana EJ, Tangudu CS, Cetina-Trejo RC, Doria-Cobos GL, Carmona-Aguirre SD, Garcia-Rejon JE, Machain-Williams C, Blitvich BJ, Pérez MAR. Surveillance for Flaviviruses Near the Mexico-U.S. Border: Co-circulation of Dengue Virus Serotypes 1, 2, and 3 and West Nile Virus in Tamaulipas, Northern Mexico, 2014-2016. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2018; 99:1308-1317. [PMID: 30226141 PMCID: PMC6221250 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A clinical, serological, and molecular investigation was performed to determine the presence of dengue virus (DENV) and other flaviviruses among residents of the city of Reynosa, Tamaulipas, on the Mexico-U.S. border in 2014-2016. The sample population consisted of 2,355 patients with suspected dengue, in addition to 346 asymptomatic individuals recruited during a household-based epidemiological investigation designed to identify flavivirus seroconversions. Sera were collected from patients with suspected dengue in the acute phase of illness and from asymptomatic individuals at enrollment and every 5-7 months for 19 months. Sera from suspected dengue patients were tested for DENV antigen by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and select antigen-positive sera were further tested using a serotype-specific, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Sera from the household cohort were tested for flavivirus-reactive antibodies by immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG ELISAs using DENV antigen. A total of 418 (17.7%) patients with suspected dengue had laboratory-confirmed DENV infections, including 82 patients who were positive for DENV RNA. The most frequently detected serotype was DENV-1 (61 patients), followed by DENV-2 (16 patients) and DENV-3 (five patients). A total of 217 (62.7%) asymptomatic individuals had flavivirus-reactive antibodies at enrollment, and nine flavivirus-naïve individuals seroconverted. Sera from a subset of dengue patients and household participants, including all those who seroconverted, were further tested by plaque reduction neutralization test, resulting in the detection of antibodies to DENV-1, DENV-2, and West Nile virus. In summary, we provide evidence for the co-circulation of multiple flaviviruses in Reynosa, Tamaulipas, on the Mexico-U.S. border.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Viridiana Laredo-Tiscareño
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa, Tamaulipas, México
- Laboratorio de Arbovirología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales “Dr. Hideyo Noguchi,” Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, México
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Javier A. Garza-Hernandez
- Laboratorio Entomología Médica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, México
| | - Ma Isabel Salazar
- Laboratorio de Virología e Inmunovirología, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Erick J. De Luna-Santillana
- Laboratorio Medicina de la Conservación, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa, Tamaulipas, México
| | - Chandra S. Tangudu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Rosa C. Cetina-Trejo
- Laboratorio de Arbovirología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales “Dr. Hideyo Noguchi,” Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, México
| | - Gloria L. Doria-Cobos
- Departamento de Epidemiología de la Cuarta Jurisdicción Sanitaria, Secretaria de Salud, Reynosa, Tamaulipas, México
| | | | - Julian E. Garcia-Rejon
- Laboratorio de Arbovirología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales “Dr. Hideyo Noguchi,” Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, México
| | - Carlos Machain-Williams
- Laboratorio de Arbovirología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales “Dr. Hideyo Noguchi,” Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, México
| | - Bradley J. Blitvich
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Mario Alberto Rodríguez Pérez
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa, Tamaulipas, México
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28
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Palermo PM, De la Mora-Covarrubias A, Jimenez-Vega F, Watts DM. Serological Evidence of Dengue and West Nile Virus Human Infection in Juarez City, Mexico. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2018; 19:134-141. [PMID: 30160620 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2018.2302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Arboviruses are significant causes of human and animal diseases, globally. In the Rio Grande Valley of the United States-Mexico border region, endemic transmission of Dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), and West Nile (WNV) viruses have been documented as a cause of human disease. Otherwise, very little is known about the distribution of arboviruses and their possible cause of human disease in other areas of the United States-Mexico border region. Therefore, a pilot serosurvey was conducted to determine if there was evidence of DENV and WNV infection among a human cohort in Anapra, Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. Baseline blood samples were obtained from 78 participants during May-June, 2015 and from 60 of the same participants again during November-December, 2015, and all the samples were tested for DENV and WNV indirect immunoglobulin G antibodies by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). The results showed that 14.1% (n = 11) of the 78 participants had neutralizing antibody to DENV and 5.13% (n = 4) had WNV-neutralizing antibody. Among 48 of 60 participants who were negative for DENV and WNV antibody during the baseline survey, 10.4% (n = 5) had acquired antibody to DENV (n = 4) and WNV (n = 1) by the second survey during November-December, 2015. These data support the local transmission of DENV and WNV in the Anapra, Ciudad Juarez community and therefore warrant further epidemiological studies to better understand the dynamics of transmission of these viruses in this United States-Mexico border city.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M Palermo
- 1 Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso , El Paso, Texas
| | | | - Florinda Jimenez-Vega
- 2 Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juarez , Juarez City, Mexico
| | - Douglas M Watts
- 1 Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso , El Paso, Texas
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Lourenço J, Tennant W, Faria NR, Walker A, Gupta S, Recker M. Challenges in dengue research: A computational perspective. Evol Appl 2018; 11:516-533. [PMID: 29636803 PMCID: PMC5891037 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The dengue virus is now the most widespread arbovirus affecting human populations, causing significant economic and social impact in South America and South-East Asia. Increasing urbanization and globalization, coupled with insufficient resources for control, misguided policies or lack of political will, and expansion of its mosquito vectors are some of the reasons why interventions have so far failed to curb this major public health problem. Computational approaches have elucidated on dengue's population dynamics with the aim to provide not only a better understanding of the evolution and epidemiology of the virus but also robust intervention strategies. It is clear, however, that these have been insufficient to address key aspects of dengue's biology, many of which will play a crucial role for the success of future control programmes, including vaccination. Within a multiscale perspective on this biological system, with the aim of linking evolutionary, ecological and epidemiological thinking, as well as to expand on classic modelling assumptions, we here propose, discuss and exemplify a few major computational avenues-real-time computational analysis of genetic data, phylodynamic modelling frameworks, within-host model frameworks and GPU-accelerated computing. We argue that these emerging approaches should offer valuable research opportunities over the coming years, as previously applied and demonstrated in the context of other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Warren Tennant
- Centre for Mathematics and the EnvironmentUniversity of ExeterPenrynUK
| | | | | | | | - Mario Recker
- Centre for Mathematics and the EnvironmentUniversity of ExeterPenrynUK
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Martin NM, Griffin DE. Interleukin-10 Modulation of Virus Clearance and Disease in Mice with Alphaviral Encephalomyelitis. J Virol 2018; 92:e01517-17. [PMID: 29263262 PMCID: PMC5827374 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01517-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alphaviruses are an important cause of mosquito-borne outbreaks of arthritis, rash, and encephalomyelitis. Previous studies in mice with a virulent strain (neuroadapted SINV [NSV]) of the alphavirus Sindbis virus (SINV) identified a role for Th17 cells and regulation by interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the pathogenesis of fatal encephalomyelitis (K. A. Kulcsar, V. K. Baxter, I. P. Greene, and D. E. Griffin, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111:16053-16058, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1418966111). To determine the role of virus virulence in generation of immune responses, we analyzed the modulatory effects of IL-10 on disease severity, virus clearance, and the CD4+ T cell response to infection with a recombinant strain of SINV of intermediate virulence (TE12). The absence of IL-10 during TE12 infection led to longer morbidity, more weight loss, higher mortality, and slower viral clearance than in wild-type mice. More severe disease and impaired virus clearance in IL-10-/- mice were associated with more Th1 cells, fewer Th2 cells, innate lymphoid type 2 cells, regulatory cells, and B cells, and delayed production of antiviral antibody in the central nervous system (CNS) without an effect on Th17 cells. Therefore, IL-10 deficiency led to more severe disease in TE12-infected mice by increasing Th1 cells and by hampering development of the local B cell responses necessary for rapid production of antiviral antibody and virus clearance from the CNS. In addition, the shift from Th17 to Th1 responses with decreased virus virulence indicates that the effects of IL-10 deficiency on immunopathologic responses in the CNS during alphavirus infection are influenced by virus strain.IMPORTANCE Alphaviruses cause mosquito-borne outbreaks of encephalomyelitis, but determinants of outcome are incompletely understood. We analyzed the effects of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 on disease severity and virus clearance after infection with an alphavirus strain of intermediate virulence. The absence of IL-10 led to longer illness, more weight loss, more death, and slower viral clearance than in mice that produced IL-10. IL-10 influenced development of disease-causing T cells and entry into the brain of B cells producing antiviral antibody. The Th1 pathogenic cell subtype that developed in IL-10-deficient mice infected with a less virulent virus was distinct from the Th17 subtype that developed in response to a more virulent virus, indicating a role for virus strain in determining the immune response. Slow production of antibody in the nervous system led to delayed virus clearance. Therefore, both the virus strain and the host response to infection are important determinants of outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina M Martin
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Diane E Griffin
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Horney J, Goldberg D, Hammond T, Stone K, Smitherman S. Assessing the Prevalence of Risk Factors for Neglected Tropical Diseases in Brazos County, Texas. PLOS CURRENTS 2017; 9:ecurrents.outbreaks.93540c6c8c7831670591b0264479269c. [PMID: 29188134 PMCID: PMC5693448 DOI: 10.1371/currents.outbreaks.93540c6c8c7831670591b0264479269c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although more than one billion people live at risk of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) in areas of Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and Latin America, the degree to which they burden countries like the U.S. is unclear. Even though many NTDs such as dengue, leishmaniasis, and Chagas disease are typically not endemic to the U.S., the possibility of their emergence is noteworthy, especially in states like Texas with high levels of poverty, large immigrant populations, geographic proximity to endemic areas, and a climate amenable to the vectors for these diseases. Despite the health threat that emerging NTDs may pose, little is known about the prevalence of risk factors for NTDs in the U.S. METHODS We tested the Community Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response (CASPER) method to assess the prevalence of risk factors for NTDs in Brazos County, Texas.Results: We found relatively low prevalence of risk factors related to travel (5.2% of respondents visited an endemic area in the previous 3 months); however, few respondents reported adherence to mosquito prevention, such as wearing long sleeves and long pants (14.1%, 95% CI: 13.9,14.4) and repellant containing DEET (13.5%, 95% CI: 13.2,13.7). Between 5.4% and 35.8% of respondents had a visible container (e.g., pet water dishes, flower pots, bird baths) that could support mosquito breeding. DISCUSSION CASPER findings present public health authorities with potential avenues for implementing health education and other interventions aimed at reducing exposure to risk factors for NTDs among Texas residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Horney
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States
| | - Daniel Goldberg
- Department of Geography, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States
| | - Tracy Hammond
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States
| | - Kahler Stone
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States
| | - Seth Smitherman
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States
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Smitherman S, Hammond T, Goldberg D, Horney J. Developing a CASPER Survey to Assess the Prevalence of Risk Factors for Neglected Tropical Diseases in Texas. Health Secur 2017. [DOI: 10.1089/hs.2016.0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Holbrook MR. Historical Perspectives on Flavivirus Research. Viruses 2017; 9:E97. [PMID: 28468299 PMCID: PMC5454410 DOI: 10.3390/v9050097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The flaviviruses are small single-stranded RNA viruses that are typically transmitted by mosquito or tick vectors. These "arboviruses" are found around the world and account for a significant number of cases of human disease. The flaviviruses cause diseases ranging from mild or sub-clinical infections to lethal hemorrhagic fever or encephalitis. In many cases, survivors of neurologic flavivirus infections suffer long-term debilitating sequelae. Much like the emergence of West Nile virus in the United States in 1999, the recent emergence of Zika virus in the Americas has significantly increased the awareness of mosquito-borne viruses. The diseases caused by several flaviviruses have been recognized for decades, if not centuries. However, there is still a lot that is unknown about the flaviviruses as the recent experience with Zika virus has taught us. The objective of this review is to provide a general overview and some historical perspective on several flaviviruses that cause significant human disease. In addition, available medical countermeasures and significant gaps in our understanding of flavivirus biology are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Holbrook
- NIAID Integrated Research Facility, 8200 Research Plaza, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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Adam JK, Abeyta R, Smith B, Gaul L, Thomas DL, Han G, Sharp TM, Waterman SH, Tomashek KM. Clinician Survey to Determine Knowledge of Dengue and Clinical Management Practices, Texas, 2014. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017; 96:708-714. [PMID: 28138048 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue, a mosquito-borne viral disease, is increasingly being identified as a cause of outbreaks in the United States. During July-December 2013, a total of three south Texas counties reported 53 laboratory-confirmed dengue cases; 26 were locally acquired, constituting the largest outbreak in Texas since 2005. Because dengue outbreaks are expected to continue in south Texas and early case identification and timely treatment can reduce mortality, we sought to determine clinicians' knowledge of dengue and its clinical management. A survey was sent to 2,375 south Texas clinicians; 217 (9%) completed the survey. Approximately half of participants demonstrated knowledge needed to identify dengue cases, including symptoms (56%), early indicators of shock (54%), or timing of thrombocytopenia (48%). Fewer than 20% correctly identified all prevention messages, severe dengue warning signs, or circumstances in which a dengue patient should return for care. Knowledge of clinical management was limited; few participants correctly identified scenarios when plasma leakage occurred (10%) or a crystalloid solution was indicated (7%); however, 45% correctly identified when a blood transfusion was indicated. Because of the ongoing threat of dengue, we recommend clinicians in south Texas receive dengue clinical management training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K Adam
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Roman Abeyta
- Texas Department of State Health Services, Harlingen, Texas
| | - Brian Smith
- Texas Department of State Health Services, Harlingen, Texas
| | - Linda Gaul
- Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin, Texas
| | - Dana L Thomas
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia.,Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia
| | - George Han
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Tyler M Sharp
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Stephen H Waterman
- Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kay M Tomashek
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia
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Srinivasan K, Tapia B, Rodriguez A, Wood R, Salinas JJ. Species abundance and temporal variation of arbovirus vectors in Brownsville, Texas. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2017. [PMID: 28444003 PMCID: PMC6612715 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2017.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent outbreaks of the dengue fever and West Nile viruses and the looming threats of the Zika and chikungunya viruses highlight the importance of establishing effective, proactive arboviral surveillance in communities at high risk of transmission, such as those on the Texas–Mexico border. Currently, there are no approved human vaccines available for these mosquito-borne diseases, so entomological control and case management are the only known methods for decreasing disease incidence. The principal vectors, which include Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti, and Ae. Albopictus, all have an established presence in South Texas. The public health response to most arbovirus outbreaks in the region has been reactionary rather than proactive. However, after the 2005 dengue outbreak and subsequent fatality, the City of Brownsville Public Health Department began collecting data on mosquito vector abundance and incidence. The objective of this study was to describe the various species of mosquitoes found in vector surveillance in Brownsville, Texas, during 2009–2013; quantify their prevalence; and identify any associations with temporal or weather-related variations. The results confirm a significant mosquito population in Brownsville in late winter months, indicating a high risk of arbovirus transmission in South Texas year-round, and not just until November, previously considered the end date of arbovirus season by state health services. The data from Brownsville’s surveillance program can help characterize local vector ecology and facilitate more proactive mitigation of future arboviral threats in South Texas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krithika Srinivasan
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Beatriz Tapia
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Arturo Rodriguez
- City of Brownsville Department of Public Health, Brownsville, Texas, United States of America
| | - Robert Wood
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jennifer J Salinas
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
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Sharp TM, Tomashek KM, Read JS, Margolis HS, Waterman SH. A New Look at an Old Disease: Recent Insights into the Global Epidemiology of Dengue. CURR EPIDEMIOL REP 2017; 4:11-21. [PMID: 28251039 PMCID: PMC5306284 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-017-0095-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW By all measures, the morbidity and mortality due to dengue are continuing to worsen worldwide. Although both early and recent studies have demonstrated regional differences in how dengue affects local populations, these findings were to varying extents related to disparate surveillance approaches. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have broadened the recognized spectrum of disease resulting from DENV infection, particularly in adults, and have also demonstrated new mechanisms of DENV spread both within and between populations. New results regarding the frequency and duration of homo- and heterotypic anti-DENV antibodies have provided important insights relevant to vaccine design and implementation. SUMMARY These observations and findings as well as difficulties in comparing the epidemiology of dengue within and between regions of the world underscore the need for population-based dengue surveillance worldwide. Enhanced surveillance should be implemented to complement passive surveillance in countries in the tropics to establish baseline data in order to define affected populations and evaluate the impact of dengue vaccines and novel vector control interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler M. Sharp
- Dengue Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1324 Calle Cañada, San Juan, PR 00920-3860 USA
| | - Kay M. Tomashek
- Dengue Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1324 Calle Cañada, San Juan, PR 00920-3860 USA
| | - Jennifer S. Read
- Dengue Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1324 Calle Cañada, San Juan, PR 00920-3860 USA
| | - Harold S. Margolis
- Dengue Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1324 Calle Cañada, San Juan, PR 00920-3860 USA
| | - Stephen H. Waterman
- Dengue Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1324 Calle Cañada, San Juan, PR 00920-3860 USA
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Jones JM, Lopez B, Adams L, Gálvez FJN, Núñez AS, Santillán NAH, Plante L, Hemme RR, Casal M, Hunsperger EA, Muñoz-Jordan J, Acevedo V, Ernst K, Hayden M, Waterman S, Gomez D, Sharp TM, Komatsu KK. Binational Dengue Outbreak Along the United States-Mexico Border - Yuma County, Arizona, and Sonora, Mexico, 2014. MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT 2016; 65:495-9. [PMID: 27196619 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6519a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Dengue is an acute febrile illness caused by any of four dengue virus types (DENV-1-4). DENVs are transmitted by mosquitos of the genus Aedes (1) and are endemic throughout the tropics (2). In 2010, an estimated 390 million DENV infections occurred worldwide (2). During 2007-2013, a total of three to 10 dengue cases were reported annually in Arizona and all were travel-associated. During September-December 2014, coincident with a dengue outbreak in Sonora, Mexico, 93 travel-associated dengue cases were reported in Arizona residents; 70 (75%) cases were among residents of Yuma County, which borders San Luis Río Colorado, Sonora, Mexico. San Luis Río Colorado reported its first case of locally acquired dengue in September 2014. To investigate the temporal relationship of the dengue outbreaks in Yuma County and San Luis Río Colorado and compare patient characteristics and signs and symptoms, passive surveillance data from both locations were analyzed. In addition, household-based cluster investigations were conducted near the residences of reported dengue cases in Yuma County to identify unreported cases and assess risk for local transmission. Surveillance data identified 52 locally acquired cases (21% hospitalized) in San Luis Río Colorado and 70 travel-associated cases (66% hospitalized) in Yuma County with illness onset during September-December 2014. Among 194 persons who participated in the cluster investigations in Yuma County, 152 (78%) traveled to Mexico at least monthly during the preceding 3 months. Four (2%) of 161 Yuma County residents who provided serum samples for diagnostic testing during cluster investigations had detectable DENV immunoglobulin M (IgM); one reported a recent febrile illness, and all four had traveled to Mexico during the preceding 3 months. Entomologic assessments among 105 households revealed 24 water containers per 100 houses colonized by Ae. aegypti. Frequent travel to Mexico and Ae. aegypti colonization indicate risk for local transmission of DENV in Yuma County. Public health officials in Sonora and Arizona should continue to collaborate on dengue surveillance and educate the public regarding mosquito abatement and avoidance practices. Clinicians evaluating patients from the U.S.-Mexico border region should consider dengue in patients with acute febrile illness and report suspected cases to public health authorities.
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