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Hsu LA, Wu S, Teng MS, Ko YL. Causal links of α-thalassemia indices and cardiometabolic traits and diabetes: MR study. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202302204. [PMID: 37788909 PMCID: PMC10547910 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Our study aimed to investigate if genetic variants around 16p13.3's HBA1 locus, associated with erythrocyte indices and HbA1c levels, predict α-thalassemia-related erythrocyte indices, cardiometabolic traits, and diabetes risk in Taiwanese individuals. We analyzed Taiwan Biobank data, including whole-genome sequencing from 1,493 participants and genotyping arrays from 129,542 individuals. First, we performed regional association analysis using whole-genome sequencing data to identify genetic variants significantly associated with erythrocyte indices, confirming their linkage disequilibrium with the α0 thalassemia --SEA deletion mutation, a common cause of α-thalassemia in Southeast Asian populations. Deletion mutation sequencing further validated these variants' association with α-thalassemia. Subsequently, we analyzed genotyping array data, revealing associations between specific genetic variants and cardiometabolic traits, including lipid profiles, HbA1c levels, bilirubin levels, and diabetes risk. Using Mendelian randomization, we established causal relationships between α-thalassemia-related erythrocyte indices and cardiometabolic traits, elucidating their role in diabetes susceptibility. Our findings highlight genetic variants around the α-globin genes as surrogate markers for common α-thalassemia mutations in Taiwan, emphasizing the causal links between α-thalassemia-related erythrocyte indices, cardiometabolic traits, and heightened diabetes risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lung-An Hsu
- The First Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Semon Wu
- Department of Life Science, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Sheng Teng
- https://ror.org/00q017g63 Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Ko
- https://ror.org/00q017g63 Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- https://ror.org/00q017g63 The Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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Thomas B, Visanica S, Poussing S, Gérard D, Perrin J. Is this really thalassemia? Am J Hematol 2023; 98:1814-1815. [PMID: 36932887 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Thomas
- Laboratoire de biologie médicale, UNEOS Metz, Metz, France
| | | | | | - Delphine Gérard
- Hématologie biologique, CHRU Nancy, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Julien Perrin
- Hématologie biologique, CHRU Nancy, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
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Gallego-Murillo JS, Yağcı N, Pinho EM, Wahl SA, van den Akker E, von Lindern M. Iron-loaded deferiprone can support full hemoglobinization of cultured red blood cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6960. [PMID: 37117329 PMCID: PMC10147612 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32706-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron, supplemented as iron-loaded transferrin (holotransferrin), is an essential nutrient in mammalian cell cultures, particularly for erythroid cultures. The high cost of human transferrin represents a challenge for large scale production of red blood cells (RBCs) and for cell therapies in general. We evaluated the use of deferiprone, a cell membrane-permeable drug for iron chelation therapy, as an iron carrier for erythroid cultures. Iron-loaded deferiprone (Def3·Fe3+, at 52 µmol/L) could eliminate the need for holotransferrin supplementation during in vitro expansion and differentiation of erythroblast cultures to produce large numbers of enucleated RBC. Only the first stage, when hematopoietic stem cells committed to erythroblasts, required holotransferrin supplementation. RBCs cultured in presence of Def3·Fe3+ or holotransferrin (1000 µg/mL) were similar with respect to differentiation kinetics, expression of cell-surface markers CD235a and CD49d, hemoglobin content, and oxygen association/dissociation. Replacement of holotransferrin supplementation by Def3·Fe3+ was also successful in cultures of myeloid cell lines (MOLM13, NB4, EOL1, K562, HL60, ML2). Thus, iron-loaded deferiprone can partially replace holotransferrin as a supplement in chemically defined cell culture medium. This holds promise for a significant decrease in medium cost and improved economic perspectives of the large scale production of red blood cells for transfusion purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Sebastián Gallego-Murillo
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
- Meatable, Alexander Fleminglaan 1, 2613AX, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Nurcan Yağcı
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eduardo Machado Pinho
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sebastian Aljoscha Wahl
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
- Lehrstuhl Für Bioverfahrenstechnik, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 3, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Emile van den Akker
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke von Lindern
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Tahir N, Ashraf A, Waqar SHB, Rafae A, Kantamneni L, Sheikh T, Khan R. Copper deficiency, a rare but correctable cause of pancytopenia: a review of literature. Expert Rev Hematol 2022; 15:999-1008. [PMID: 36314081 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2022.2142113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Copper is increasingly being recognized as a vital mineral required by both animals and humans. It plays a vital role in many metabolic processes such as cellular respiration, iron oxidation, and hemoglobin synthesis. Copper deficiency, which can be hereditary or acquired, can lead to a wide spectrum of disease processes such as ringed sideroblastic anemia, myelodysplasia, and pancytopenia. Timely identification and management of copper deficiency is necessary to prevent irreversible complications. AREAS COVERED Our study focuses on prevalence, etiology, pathophysiology, complications, and treatment of copper deficiency. EXPERT OPINION Copper deficiency is frequently underrecognized as the cause of anemia, neutropenia, and bone marrow dysplasia. As it is potentially treatable, it should always be kept in the differentials when patients present with neurological and hematological abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayha Tahir
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Kaiser Permanente, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Aqsa Ashraf
- Department of Internal Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine, Hofstra/Northwell, Mather Hospital, Port Jefferson, NY, USA
| | - Syed Hamza Bin Waqar
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center Brooklyn, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Abdul Rafae
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Leela Kantamneni
- Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsville Regional Medical Campus, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Taha Sheikh
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Rafiullah Khan
- Division of Hematology Oncology, The Christ Hospital Network Physicians, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Iron Metabolism in the Disorders of Heme Biosynthesis. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090819. [PMID: 36144223 PMCID: PMC9505951 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Given its remarkable property to easily switch between different oxidative states, iron is essential in countless cellular functions which involve redox reactions. At the same time, uncontrolled interactions between iron and its surrounding milieu may be damaging to cells and tissues. Heme—the iron-chelated form of protoporphyrin IX—is a macrocyclic tetrapyrrole and a coordination complex for diatomic gases, accurately engineered by evolution to exploit the catalytic, oxygen-binding, and oxidoreductive properties of iron while minimizing its damaging effects on tissues. The majority of the body production of heme is ultimately incorporated into hemoglobin within mature erythrocytes; thus, regulation of heme biosynthesis by iron is central in erythropoiesis. Additionally, heme is a cofactor in several metabolic pathways, which can be modulated by iron-dependent signals as well. Impairment in some steps of the pathway of heme biosynthesis is the main pathogenetic mechanism of two groups of diseases collectively known as porphyrias and congenital sideroblastic anemias. In porphyrias, according to the specific enzyme involved, heme precursors accumulate up to the enzyme stop in disease-specific patterns and organs. Therefore, different porphyrias manifest themselves under strikingly different clinical pictures. In congenital sideroblastic anemias, instead, an altered utilization of mitochondrial iron by erythroid precursors leads to mitochondrial iron overload and an accumulation of ring sideroblasts in the bone marrow. In line with the complexity of the processes involved, the role of iron in these conditions is then multifarious. This review aims to summarise the most important lines of evidence concerning the interplay between iron and heme metabolism, as well as the clinical and experimental aspects of the role of iron in inherited conditions of altered heme biosynthesis.
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Ge Y, Zadeh M, Mohamadzadeh M. Vitamin B12 Regulates the Transcriptional, Metabolic, and Epigenetic Programing in Human Ileal Epithelial Cells. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142825. [PMID: 35889782 PMCID: PMC9321803 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B12 (VB12) is a micronutrient that is essential for DNA synthesis and cellular energy production. We recently demonstrated that VB12 oral supplementation coordinates ileal epithelial cells (iECs) and gut microbiota functions to resist pathogen colonization in mice, but it remains unclear whether VB12 directly modulates the cellular homeostasis of iECs derived from humans. Here, we integrated transcriptomic, metabolomic, and epigenomic analyses to identify VB12-dependent molecular and metabolic pathways in human iEC microtissue cultures. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) revealed that VB12 notably activated genes involved in fatty acid metabolism and epithelial cell proliferation while suppressing inflammatory responses in human iECs. Untargeted metabolite profiling demonstrated that VB12 facilitated the biosynthesis of amino acids and methyl groups, particularly S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), and supported the function of the mitochondrial carnitine shuttle and TCA cycle. Further, genome-wide DNA methylation analysis illuminated a critical role of VB12 in sustaining cellular methylation programs, leading to differential CpG methylation of genes associated with intestinal barrier function and cell proliferation. Together, these findings suggest an essential involvement of VB12 in directing the fatty acid and mitochondrial metabolisms and reconfiguring the epigenome of human iECs to potentially support cellular oxygen utilization and cell proliferation.
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Goretti L, Adiatmaja CO, Kahar H. Severe microcytosis in a hemoglobin E/Β-thalassemia patient with signs of iron deficiency: A case report. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 78:103826. [PMID: 35734663 PMCID: PMC9207008 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background β-thalassemia is a hereditary disorder characterized by a decrease in the synthesis of β-globin chains that decreases hemoglobin in erythrocytes, low erythrocyte production, and anemia. Case presentation A 6-year-old girl came with complaints of paleness for one week. Physical examination showed vital signs within normal limits, conjunctival anemia, and hepatomegaly. Investigations: HGB 5.4 g/dL, MCV 44.5 fL, MCH 15.5 pg, MCHC 34.8 g/dL, RDW-CV 29.2%, WBC 4,770/μL, PLT 2,728,000/μL, Serum iron 29 g/dL, TIBC 217 g/dL and transferrin saturation of 13.36%. Peripheral blood smears showed target cells, teardrop cells, ovalocytes, fragmentocytes, cigar cells, and pseudothrombocytosis by automated hematology tools caused by the misinterpretation of small erythrocytes as platelets. Hemoglobin electrophoresis showed a decrease in HbA (4.9%), as well as an increase in HbF (18.3%), HbE (70.5%), and HbA2 (6.3%). The patient was diagnosed with β-thalassemia. Discussion Thalassemia with severe microcytosis suggests possible coexistence with iron deficiency. A complete iron profile examination is required in these patients to ensure appropriate and comprehensive medical management. Conclusion Iron profile examination plays an essential role in the management and diagnosis of β-thalassemia patients. The iron profile investigation should be considered in patients with β-thalassemia. Diagnosis of β-thalassemia with microcytosis can be given a blood transfusion. PCR transfusion can be considered in managing anaemia in children with β-thalassemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurensia Goretti
- Study Program of Clinical Pathology, Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Christophorus Oetama Adiatmaja
- Study Program of Clinical Pathology, Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Hartono Kahar
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga – Dr Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Corresponding author. Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga – Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Jl. Mayjend Prof Dr. Moestopo No. 6-8, Airlangga, Gubeng, Surabaya, East Java 60286, Indonesia.
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Identification and Tetramer Structure of Hemin-Binding Protein SPD_0310 Linked to Iron Homeostasis and Virulence of Streptococcus pneumoniae. mSystems 2022; 7:e0022122. [PMID: 35414267 PMCID: PMC9238395 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00221-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron and iron-containing compounds are essential for bacterial virulence and host infection. Hemin is an important supplement compound for bacterial survival in an iron-deficient environment. Despite strong interest in hemin metabolism, the detailed mechanism of hemin transportation in Gram-positive bacteria is yet to be reported. The results of our study revealed that the homologous proteins of SPD_0310 were significantly conservative in Gram-positive bacteria (P < 0.001), and these proteins were identified as belonging to an uncharacterized protein family (UPF0371). The results of thermodynamic and kinetic studies have shown that SPD_0310 has a high hemin-binding affinity. Interestingly, we found that the crystal structure of SPD_0310 presented a homotetramer conformation, which is required for hemin binding. SPD_0310 can interact with many hemin-binding proteins (SPD_0090, SPD_1609, and GAPDH) located on the cell surface, which contributes to hemin transfer to the cytoplasm. It also has a high affinity with other iron transporters in the cytoplasm (SPD_0226 and SPD_0227), which facilitates iron redistribution in cells. More importantly, the knockout of the spd_0310 gene (Δspd_0310) resulted in a decrease in the iron content and protein expression levels of many bacterial adhesion factors. Moreover, the animal model showed that the Δspd_0310 strain has a lower virulence than the wild type. Based on the crystallographic and biochemical studies, we inferred that SPD_0310 is a hemin intermediate transporter which contributes to iron homeostasis and further affects the virulence of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the host. Our study provides not only an important theoretical basis for the in-depth elucidation of the hemin transport mechanism in bacteria but also an important candidate target for the development of novel antimicrobial agents based on metal transport systems. IMPORTANCE Iron is an essential element for bacterial virulence and infection of the host. The detailed hemin metabolism in Gram-positive bacteria has rarely been studied. SPD_0310 belongs to the UPF0371 family of proteins, and results of homology analysis and evolutionary tree analysis suggested that it was widely distributed and highly conserved in Gram-positive bacteria. However, the function of the UPF0371 family remains unknown. We successfully determined the crystal structure of apo-SPD_0310, which is a homotetramer. We found that cytoplasmic protein SPD_0310 with a special tetramer structure has a strong hemin-binding ability and interacts with many iron transporters, which facilitates hemin transfer from the extracellular space to the cytoplasm. The results of detailed functional analyses indicated that SPD_0310 may function as a hemin transporter similar to hemoglobin in animals and contributes to bacterial iron homeostasis and virulence. This study provides a novel target for the development of antimicrobial drugs against pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria.
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Zamani M, Poustchi H, Shayanrad A, Pourfarzi F, Farjam M, Noemani K, Ghaderi E, Mohammadkarimi V, Kahnooji M, Mansour-Ghanaei F, Rastegar A, Mousavizadeh A, Rafati S, Johari MG, Moosazadeh M, Salehifardjouneghani A, Ostadrahimi A, Mohebbi I, Khorram A, Ardakani FE, Sharafkhah M, Pasdar Y, Sadeghi A, Malekzadeh R. Prevalence and determinants of anemia among Iranian population aged ≥35 years: A PERSIAN cohort-based cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263795. [PMID: 35139138 PMCID: PMC8827433 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background So far, no comprehensive studies have been performed to assess burden and determinants of anemia in Iran. In the present study, we aimed to answer this query using the data obtained from the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in IrAN (PERSIAN). Methods In this cross-sectional study, we included 161,686 adult participants (aged 35 years and older) from 16 provinces of Iran. Anemia was defined as a hemoglobin concentration of <13 g/dL in males and <12 g/dL in females. To evaluate the association between anemia and different factors, we used the multivariable Poisson regression analysis with robust variance by applying adjusted prevalence ratio (PR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results Of the total number of subjects, 72,387 (44.77%) were male and others were female. Mean age was 49.39±9.15 years old. The overall age- and sex-standardized prevalence of anemia was 8.83% (95% CI: 8.70–8.96%) in the included population. The highest and the lowest age- and sex-standardized prevalence of anemia pertained to Hormozgan (37.41%, 95% CI: 35.97–38.85%) and Kurdistan (4.57%, 95% CI: 3.87–5.27%) provinces, respectively. Being female (PR = 2.97), rural residence (PR = 1.24), being retired (PR = 1.53) and housewife (PR = 1.11), third and fourth wealth status quartiles (PR = 1.09 and PR = 1.11, respectively), being underweight (PR = 1.49), drug user (PR = 1.35), inadequate sleep (PR = 1.16), poor physical activity (PR = 1.15), diabetes (PR = 1.09), renal failure (PR = 2.24), and cancer (PR = 1.35) were associated with increased risk of anemia. On the other hand, illiteracy (PR = 0.79) and abdominal obesity (PR = 0.77) decreased the risk of anemia. Conclusions According to the results, a variable prevalence of anemia was observed across the included provinces. We tried to provide an informative report on anemia prevalence for health professionals and authorities to take measures for identification and management of the cases of anemia in high-prevalence areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zamani
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Poustchi
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amaneh Shayanrad
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Pourfarzi
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Farjam
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Kourosh Noemani
- Department of Disease Prevention and Control, Deputy of Health Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Ghaderi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Vahid Mohammadkarimi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahmood Kahnooji
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ayoob Rastegar
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Ali Mousavizadeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Shideh Rafati
- Social Determinants in Health Promotion Research Center, Faculty of Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | | | - Mahmood Moosazadeh
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non-Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Alizamen Salehifardjouneghani
- Modeling in Health Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Alireza Ostadrahimi
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Iraj Mohebbi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Alireza Khorram
- Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ezzodini Ardakani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Maryam Sharafkhah
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yahya Pasdar
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Anahita Sadeghi
- Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail:
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Takiar R, Phillips T. Non-chemotherapy Options for Newly Diagnosed Mantle Cell Lymphoma. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2021; 22:98. [PMID: 34524546 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-021-00900-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Mantle cell lymphoma is a rare and incurable non-Hodgkin lymphoma with a heterogenous clinical presentation. Typically, treatment consists of frontline chemoimmunotherapy induction with or without autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) as consolidation. However, this approach has the propensity to increase short- and long-term toxicities, such as secondary malignancies, without being curative. Genomic profiling of MCL will allow for greater impact of new targeted therapies in the future and may become a helpful tool to guide treatment. Based on the data discussed, use of non-chemotherapy options may become the preferred approach for frontline therapy as opposed to conventional chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Takiar
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Tycel Phillips
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Xu L, Zhu D, Zhang Y, Liang G, Liang M, Wei X, Feng X, Wu X, Shang X. Compound Heterozygosity for KLF1 Mutations Causing Hemolytic Anemia in Children: A Case Report and Literature Review. Front Genet 2021; 12:691461. [PMID: 34249106 PMCID: PMC8267787 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.691461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anemia is one of the most common diseases affecting children worldwide. Hereditary forms of anemia due to gene mutations are difficult to diagnose because they only rely on clinical manifestations. In regions with high prevalence of thalassemia such as southern China, pediatric patients with a hereditary hemolytic anemia (HHA) phenotype are often diagnosed with β-thalassemia. However, HHA can be caused by other gene defects. Here, a case previously diagnosed with thalassemia in a local hospital was sent to our laboratory for further genetic diagnosis. Preliminary molecular testing did not identify any mutations in globin genes. Methods All blood samples were collected after informed consent had been obtain from the proband’s parents. Both clinical and genetic analyses were conducted for the patient and her family members, including clinical data collection and sequencing of the KLF1 gene. Relevant literature was reviewed, including genetically confirmed cases with well-documented clinical summaries. Results Based on the detailed clinical data for this case, we diagnosed the patient with severe HHA. Sanger sequencing confirmed that there was a mutation on each KLF1 allele in the proband, which is missense mutation c.892G > C (p.Ala298Pro) inherited from father and frameshift mutation c.525_526insCGGCGCC (p.Gly176Argfs∗179) from the mother, respectively. A summary of the KLF1 mutation spectrum and a clarification of genotype–phenotype correlation were performed through a combined analysis of the case and literature studies. Conclusion This study corrected the misdiagnosis and identified the etiology in a Chinese patient with HHA. Identification of the disease-causing gene is important for the treatment and care of the patient and prevention of another affected childbirth in her family. In addition, this study provided insight to better distinguish HHA patients with β-thalassemia mutations from those with KLF1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Xu
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dina Zhu
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanxia Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanxia Liang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Liang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wei
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Feng
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuedong Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Shang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Cappellini MD, Russo R, Andolfo I, Iolascon A. Inherited microcytic anemias. HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2020; 2020:465-470. [PMID: 33275715 PMCID: PMC7727536 DOI: 10.1182/hematology.2020000158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Inherited microcytic anemias can be broadly classified into 3 subgroups: (1) defects in globin chains (hemoglobinopathies or thalassemias), (2) defects in heme synthesis, and (3) defects in iron availability or iron acquisition by the erythroid precursors. These conditions are characterized by a decreased availability of hemoglobin (Hb) components (globins, iron, and heme) that in turn causes a reduced Hb content in red cell precursors with subsequent delayed erythroid differentiation. Iron metabolism alterations remain central to the diagnosis of microcytic anemia, and, in general, the iron status has to be evaluated in cases of microcytosis. Besides the very common microcytic anemia due to acquired iron deficiency, a range of hereditary abnormalities that result in actual or functional iron deficiency are now being recognized. Atransferrinemia, DMT1 deficiency, ferroportin disease, and iron-refractory iron deficiency anemia are hereditary disorders due to iron metabolism abnormalities, some of which are associated with iron overload. Because causes of microcytosis other than iron deficiency should be considered, it is important to evaluate several other red blood cell and iron parameters in patients with a reduced mean corpuscular volume (MCV), including mean corpuscular hemoglobin, red blood cell distribution width, reticulocyte hemoglobin content, serum iron and serum ferritin levels, total iron-binding capacity, transferrin saturation, hemoglobin electrophoresis, and sometimes reticulocyte count. From the epidemiological perspective, hemoglobinopathies/thalassemias are the most common forms of hereditary microcytic anemia, ranging from inconsequential changes in MCV to severe anemia syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberta Russo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy; and
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Immacolata Andolfo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy; and
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Achille Iolascon
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy; and
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
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13
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Piperno A, Pelucchi S, Mariani R. Inherited iron overload disorders. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 5:25. [PMID: 32258529 DOI: 10.21037/tgh.2019.11.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary iron overload includes several disorders characterized by iron accumulation in tissues, organs, or even single cells or subcellular compartments. They are determined by mutations in genes directly involved in hepcidin regulation, cellular iron uptake, management and export, iron transport and storage. Systemic forms are characterized by increased serum ferritin with or without high transferrin saturation, and with or without functional iron deficient anemia. Hemochromatosis includes five different genetic forms all characterized by high transferrin saturation and serum ferritin, but with different penetrance and expression. Mutations in HFE, HFE2, HAMP and TFR2 lead to inadequate or severely reduced hepcidin synthesis that, in turn, induces increased intestinal iron absorption and macrophage iron release leading to tissue iron overload. The severity of hepcidin down-regulation defines the severity of iron overload and clinical complications. Hemochromatosis type 4 is caused by dominant gain-of-function mutations of ferroportin preventing hepcidin-ferroportin binding and leading to hepcidin resistance. Ferroportin disease is due to loss-of-function mutation of SLC40A1 that impairs the iron export efficiency of ferroportin, causes iron retention in reticuloendothelial cell and hyperferritinemia with normal transferrin saturation. Aceruloplasminemia is caused by defective iron release from storage and lead to mild microcytic anemia, low serum iron, and iron retention in several organs including the brain, causing severe neurological manifestations. Atransferrinemia and DMT1 deficiency are characterized by iron deficient erythropoiesis, severe microcytic anemia with high transferrin saturation and parenchymal iron overload due to secondary hepcidin suppression. Diagnosis of the different forms of hereditary iron overload disorders involves a sequential strategy that combines clinical, imaging, biochemical, and genetic data. Management of iron overload relies on two main therapies: blood removal and iron chelators. Specific therapeutic options are indicated in patients with atransferrinemia, DMT1 deficiency and aceruloplasminemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Piperno
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Centre for Rare Diseases, Disorder of Iron Metabolism, ASST-Monza, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Sara Pelucchi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Raffaella Mariani
- Centre for Rare Diseases, Disorder of Iron Metabolism, ASST-Monza, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
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14
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Moussa S, Ibrahim AAA, Ahmed NM. Evaluation of Urinary Hepcidin as a Marker for the Early Diagnosis of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Children. OPEN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2020; 10:347-355. [DOI: 10.4236/ojped.2020.102035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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15
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Zhao P, Qian C, Chen YJ, Sheng Y, Ke Y, Qian ZM. Cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) deficiency suppresses erythropoiesis by disrupting expression of heme biosynthetic enzymes and transporter. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:708. [PMID: 31551410 PMCID: PMC6760157 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1951-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The reduced iron usage induced by the suppression of erythropoiesis is a major cause of the systemic iron overload in CBS knockout (CBS−/−) mice. However, the relevant mechanisms are unknown. Here, we examined changes in granulocyte/erythroid cell ratios, iron content, and expression of iron-metabolism proteins, including; two key enzymes involved in the heme biosynthetic pathway, ALAS2 (delta-aminolevulinate synthase 2) and FECH (ferrochelatase), a heme exporter from the cytosol and mitochondria, FLVCR (feline leukemia virus subgroup C cellular receptor) as well as EPO (erythropoietin), EPOR (erythropoietin receptor) and HIF-2α (hypoxia inducible factor-2 subunit α), in the blood, bone marrow or liver of CBS−/− (homozygous), CBS+/− (heterozygous) and CBS+/+ (Wild Type) mice. Our findings demonstrate that CBS deficiency can induce a significant reduction in the expression of ALAS2, FECH, FLVCR, HIF-2α, EPO, and EPOR as well as an increase in interleukin-6 (IL-6), hepcidin and iron content in the blood, bone marrow or liver of mice. We conclude that the suppression of erythropoiesis is mainly due to the CBS deficiency-induced disruption in the expression of heme biosynthetic enzymes and heme-transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhao
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 201203, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, FudanUniversity, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Christopher Qian
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Yun-Jin Chen
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 201203, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, FudanUniversity, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yuan Sheng
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 201203, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, FudanUniversity, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Ya Ke
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong.
| | - Zhong-Ming Qian
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 201203, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, FudanUniversity, Shanghai, 200040, China. .,Institute of Translational & Precision Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, JS, 226019, China.
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16
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Konantz M, Schürch C, Hanns P, Müller JS, Sauteur L, Lengerke C. Modeling hematopoietic disorders in zebrafish. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:12/9/dmm040360. [PMID: 31519693 PMCID: PMC6765189 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.040360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish offer a powerful vertebrate model for studies of development and disease. The major advantages of this model include the possibilities of conducting reverse and forward genetic screens and of observing cellular processes by in vivo imaging of single cells. Moreover, pathways regulating blood development are highly conserved between zebrafish and mammals, and several discoveries made in fish were later translated to murine and human models. This review and accompanying poster provide an overview of zebrafish hematopoiesis and discuss the existing zebrafish models of blood disorders, such as myeloid and lymphoid malignancies, bone marrow failure syndromes and immunodeficiencies, with a focus on how these models were generated and how they can be applied for translational research. Summary: This At A Glance article and poster summarize the last 20 years of research in zebrafish models for hematopoietic disorders, highlighting how these models were created and are being applied for translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Konantz
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Schürch
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Pauline Hanns
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Joëlle S Müller
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Loïc Sauteur
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Lengerke
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland.,Division of Hematology, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
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Jaber RZ, Hassan MK, Al-Salait SK. Microcytosis in children and adolescents with the sickle cell trait in Basra, Iraq. Blood Res 2019; 54:38-44. [PMID: 30956962 PMCID: PMC6439302 DOI: 10.5045/br.2019.54.1.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microcytic anemia, the most common form of anemia in children and adolescents, is a heterogeneous group of diseases that is acquired or inherited. We assessed the frequency and causes of microcytosis in children and adolescents with the sickle cell trait (SCT). Methods This descriptive study included 95 subjects (49 males and 46 females) with SCT who attended Basra Center for Hereditary Blood Diseases for evaluation. Investigations included complete blood count, high performance liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, and measurement of serum ferritin and transferrin levels. Results SCT subjects had a low hemoglobin (Hb) concentration (9.79±1.75 g/dL), low mean corpuscular volume (MCV, 67.43±9.22), low mean corpuscular Hb (21.15±3.64), and a normal red cell distribution width (RDW, 14.00±2.30). Among 95 SCT subjects, 81 (85.26%) had microcytosis, 12 (12.63%) had normal MCV, and 2 (2.11%) exhibited macrocytosis. Sixty-three (77.78%) SCT subjects with microcytosis were iron deficient, and 18 (22.22%) had normal iron levels. The mean serum ferritin and HbA2 levels were significantly lower, while the RDW, sickle Hb, and serum transferrin levels were significantly higher in patients with microcytosis and iron deficiency compared to non-iron deficient subjects (P<0.05). Correlation coefficients did not reveal a significant association between the MCV and iron status of SCT subjects (P>0.05). Conclusion Despite the frequent occurrence of iron deficiency in SCT subjects, co-inheritance of alpha-thalassemia seemed to be the cause of low MCV in non-iron deficient individuals with microcytosis. Genetic analysis is required to understand the genetic basis of this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meàad Kadhum Hassan
- Center for Hereditary Blood Diseases, Basrah Heath Directorate, Basrah, Iraq.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
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Xiong Y, Hu Y, Chen L, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Niu M, Cui X. Unveiling Active Constituents and Potential Targets Related to the Hematinic Effect of Steamed Panax notoginseng Using Network Pharmacology Coupled With Multivariate Data Analyses. Front Pharmacol 2019; 9:1514. [PMID: 30670967 PMCID: PMC6331451 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Steamed Panax notoginseng (SPN) has been used as a tonic to improve the blood deficiency syndrome (BDS) in the theory of traditional Chinese medicine. Here, we aim to unveil active constituents and potential targets related to the hematinic effect of SPN, which has not been answered before. In the study a constituent-target-disease network was constructed by combining the SPN-specific and anemia-specific target proteins with protein-protein interactions. And the network pharmacology was used to screen out the underlying targets and mechanisms of SPN treating anemia. Also, the multivariate data analyses were performed for the double screening. According to the results, 11 targets related to chemical constituents of SPN were found to be closely associated with the hematinic effect of SPN. Among them, the direct target protein of mitochondrial ferrochelatase (FECH) had the major role through the metabolic pathway. Meanwhile, Rk3 and 20(S)-Rg3 were predicted to be major constituents related to the hematinic effect of SPN by both multivariate data analyses and network pharmacology. And it was been validated by the pharmacologic tests that Rk3 and 20(S)-Rg3 could significantly increase the levels of blood routine parameters, FECH and its downstream protein of heme in mice with BDS. The study provides evidences for the mechanism understanding and drug development of SPN for the treatment of anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Xiong
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Panax Notoginseng, Kunming, China
- Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yupiao Hu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Zejun Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Ming Niu
- China Military Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuming Cui
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Panax Notoginseng, Kunming, China
- Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
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19
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Brissot P, Bernard DG, Brissot E, Loréal O, Troadec MB. Rare anemias due to genetic iron metabolism defects. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2018; 777:52-63. [PMID: 30115430 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Anemia is defined by a deficiency of hemoglobin, an iron-rich protein that binds oxygen in the blood. It can be due to multiple causes, either acquired or genetic. Alterations of genes involved in iron metabolism may be responsible, usually at a young age, for rare forms of chronic and often severe congenital anemia. These diseases encompass a variety of sideroblastic anemias, characterized by the presence of ring sideroblasts in the bone marrow. Clinical expression of congenital sideroblastic anemia is either monosyndromic (restricted to hematological lineages) or polysyndromic (with systemic expression), depending on whether iron metabolism, and especially heme synthesis, is directly or indirectly affected. Beside sideroblastic anemias, a number of other anemias can develop due to mutations of key proteins acting either on cellular iron transport (such as the DMT1 transporter), plasma iron transport (transferrin), and iron recycling (ceruloplasmin). Contrasting with the aforementioned entities which involve compartmental, and sometimes, systemic iron excess, the iron refractory iron deficiency anemia (IRIDA) corresponds to a usually severe anemia with whole body iron deficiency related to chronic increase of plasma hepcidin, the systemic negative regulator of plasma iron. Once clinically suggested, these diseases are confirmed by genetic testing in specialized laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Brissot
- INSERM, Univ Rennes, INRA, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition, Metabolisms and Cancer), UMR_S 1241, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Delphine G Bernard
- UMR 1078 "Génétique, Génomique Fonctionnelle et Biotechnologies", INSERM, Univ. Brest, EFS, IBSAM, Brest, France
| | - Eolia Brissot
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, AP-HP, Centre de recherche Saint-Antoine, UMR-S938, Paris, France; Service d'Hématologie Clinique et de Thérapie Cellulaire, Hôpital Saint Antoine, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Loréal
- INSERM, Univ Rennes, INRA, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition, Metabolisms and Cancer), UMR_S 1241, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Marie-Bérengère Troadec
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, F- 35000 Rennes, France.
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20
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Allali S, Brousse V, Sacri AS, Chalumeau M, de Montalembert M. Anemia in children: prevalence, causes, diagnostic work-up, and long-term consequences. Expert Rev Hematol 2017; 10:1023-1028. [PMID: 29023171 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2017.1354696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anemia in children is a major public health problem throughout the world. It is often multifactorial, iron deficiency being the most frequent etiology. Consequences are diverse and largely under evaluated. Areas covered: This paper briefly reviews the main causes and focus on the potential consequences of acute and chronic anemia in children. Expert commentary: Anemia in children should never be trivialized. Even if iron deficiency is frequently involved, other potentially life-threatening causes are possible and should be looked for. The exact contribution of anemia to child mortality and morbidity is difficult to assess because of overlapping comorbidities. Chronic anemia may impair growth, cardiac function and cognitive development in infants but other consequences are rather poorly described and should be explored more thoroughly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slimane Allali
- a Department of General Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases , Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades , Paris , France
| | - Valentine Brousse
- a Department of General Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases , Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades , Paris , France
| | - Anne-Sylvia Sacri
- a Department of General Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases , Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades , Paris , France
| | - Martin Chalumeau
- a Department of General Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases , Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades , Paris , France
| | - Mariane de Montalembert
- a Department of General Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases , Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades , Paris , France.,b Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex , Paris , France
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21
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Loniewska-Lwowska A, Koza K, Mendek-Czajkowska E, Wieszczy P, Adamowicz-Salach A, Branicka K, Witos I, Sapala-Smoczynska A, Jackowska T, Fabijanska-Mitek J. Diminished presentation of complement regulatory protein CD55 on red blood cells from patients with hereditary haemolytic anaemias. Int J Lab Hematol 2017; 40:128-135. [PMID: 28963754 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hereditary haemolytic anaemias (HHA) encompass a heterogeneous group of anaemias characterized by decreased red blood cell survival. The aim of this study was to evaluate the status of red blood cell (RBC) surface molecules known or previously proposed to participate in preventing premature RBC clearance, analysing erythrocytes from patients with two types of HHA: hereditary spherocytosis (HS) and microcytosis. MATERIAL/METHODS Relative binding of five monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), anti-CD55, anti-CD59, anti-CD44, anti-CD47 and anti-CD58, was evaluated in erythrocytes of patients with HS and hereditary microcytosis, using flow cytometry. The amount of CD55 protein was assessed by semi-quantitative Western blots densitometry analysis. RESULTS The majority of both HS and microcytic patients demonstrated significant reduction of anti-CD55 binding by erythrocytes (average 23% and 19%, respectively, P < .001), with no concomitant anti-CD59-binding deficiency. Anti-CD44, anti-CD47 and anti-CD58 binding was within the healthy control range or was slightly decreased. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence supporting the presence of erythrocytes deficient in CD55 presentation in HS and hereditary microcytosis. Moreover, deficiency of CD55 antigen presentation on RBC does not correlate with the amount of CD55 in RBC membrane. Further studies using molecular techniques will clarify the exact participation of CD55 deficiency in premature RBC clearance in HHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Loniewska-Lwowska
- Department of Immunohaematology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - K Koza
- Department of Immunohaematology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - E Mendek-Czajkowska
- Outpatient Clinic for Congenital Anaemias, Institute of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Warsaw, Poland
| | - P Wieszczy
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Cancer Prevention, The Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Adamowicz-Salach
- Department of Paediatrics, Haematology and Oncology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - K Branicka
- Department of Immunohaematology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - I Witos
- Department of Immunohaematology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Sapala-Smoczynska
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, Bielanski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Jackowska
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, Bielanski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Fabijanska-Mitek
- Department of Immunohaematology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
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22
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Le Rouzic MA, Fouquet C, Leblanc T, Touati M, Fouyssac F, Vermylen C, Jäkel N, Guichard JF, Maloum K, Toutain F, Lutz P, Perel Y, Manceau H, Kannengiesser C, Vannier JP. Non syndromic childhood onset congenital sideroblastic anemia: A report of 13 patients identified with an ALAS2 or SLC25A38 mutation. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2017; 66:11-18. [PMID: 28772256 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The most frequent germline mutations responsible for non syndromic congenital sideroblastic anemia are identified in ALAS2 and SLC25A38 genes. Iron overload is a key issue and optimal chelation therapy should be used to limit its adverse effects on the development of children. Our multicentre retrospective descriptive study compared the strategies for diagnosis and management of congenital sideroblastic anemia during the follow-up of six patients with an ALAS2 mutation and seven patients with an SLC25A38 mutation. We described in depth the clinical, biological and radiological phenotype of these patients at diagnosis and during follow-up and highlighted our results with a review of available evidence and data on the management strategies for congenital sideroblastic anemia. This report confirms the considerable variability in manifestations among patients with ALAS2 or SLC25A38 mutations and draws attention to differences in the assessment and the monitoring of iron overload and its complications. The use of an international registry would certainly help defining recommendations for the management of these rare disorders to improve patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Christiane Vermylen
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Nadja Jäkel
- Department für Hämatologie, Onkologie und Hämostaseologie, Leipzig, Germany.
| | | | - Karim Maloum
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris/Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
| | | | - Patrick Lutz
- CHU de Strasbourg/Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Yves Perel
- CHU de Bordeaux/Hôpital Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Hana Manceau
- INSERM U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation CRI, Paris, France.
| | - Caroline Kannengiesser
- INSERM U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation CRI, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Site Bichat, Sorbonne Paris Cité, DHU UNITY, Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence, GR-Ex, Paris, France; Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Département de Génétique, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France.
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23
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Vaulont S. [Iron metabolism]. Arch Pediatr 2017. [PMID: 28622780 DOI: 10.1016/s0929-693x(17)24007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an essential trace element ensuring many functions in the body. However, excess iron can be toxic with deleterious consequences on function and tissue integrity. The understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms allowing iron level to be kept at physiological concentration has greatly progressed in recent years, in particular with the identification of the iron-regulatory hormone, hepcidin and its receptor ferroportin, the sole iron exporter known to date. This discovery has improved our ability to diagnose and manage iron disorders and offered new therapeutic perspectives for an important class of human diseases. However many questions remain to be answered. With the development of high-throughput techniques and the "omics" strategies (transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic, etc.), we should be able in the coming years to identify new iron regulatory pathways and to assign original roles for iron in normal cellular processes but also in diseases. À more complete iron regulatory network should be established with the identification of the crosstalk between intracellular and systemic iron homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vaulont
- Département endocrinologie, métabolisme et diabète, 24, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Jacques, 75014, Paris; Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.
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Conway AJ, Brown FC, Fullinfaw RO, Kile BT, Jane SM, Curtis DJ. A mouse model of hereditary coproporphyria identified in an ENU mutagenesis screen. Dis Model Mech 2017; 10:1005-1013. [PMID: 28600349 PMCID: PMC5560062 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.029116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A genome-wide ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) mutagenesis screen in mice was performed to identify novel regulators of erythropoiesis. Here, we describe a mouse line, RBC16, which harbours a dominantly inherited mutation in the Cpox gene, responsible for production of the haem biosynthesis enzyme, coproporphyrinogen III oxidase (CPOX). A premature stop codon in place of a tryptophan at amino acid 373 results in reduced mRNA expression and diminished protein levels, yielding a microcytic red blood cell phenotype in heterozygous mice. Urinary and faecal porphyrins in female RBC16 heterozygotes were significantly elevated compared with that of wild-type littermates, particularly coproporphyrinogen III, whereas males were biochemically normal. Attempts to induce acute porphyric crises were made using fasting and phenobarbital treatment on females. While fasting had no biochemical effect on RBC16 mice, phenobarbital caused significant elevation of faecal coproporphyrinogen III in heterozygous mice. This is the first known investigation of a mutagenesis mouse model with genetic and biochemical parallels to hereditary coproporphyria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlee J Conway
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University and Clinical Haematology, Alfred Health, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Fiona C Brown
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University and Clinical Haematology, Alfred Health, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Robert O Fullinfaw
- Porphyria Reference Laboratory, Biochemistry Department, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville 3050, Australia
| | - Benjamin T Kile
- ACRF Chemical Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Stephen M Jane
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University and Clinical Haematology, Alfred Health, Melbourne 3004, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - David J Curtis
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University and Clinical Haematology, Alfred Health, Melbourne 3004, Australia
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Mei Z, Flores-Ayala RC, Grummer-Strawn LM, Brittenham GM. Is Erythrocyte Protoporphyrin a Better Single Screening Test for Iron Deficiency Compared to Hemoglobin or Mean Cell Volume in Children and Women? Nutrients 2017; 9:E557. [PMID: 28561801 PMCID: PMC5490536 DOI: 10.3390/nu9060557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemoglobin (Hb), mean cell volume (MCV), and erythrocyte protoporphyrin (EP) are commonly used to screen for iron deficiency (ID), but systematic evaluation of the sensitivity and specificity of these tests is limited. The objective of this study is to determine the sensitivity and specificity of Hb, MCV, and EP measurements in screening for ID in preschool children, non-pregnant women 15-49 years of age, and pregnant women. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) (NHANES 2003-2006: n = 861, children three to five years of age; n = 3112, non-pregnant women 15 to 49 years of age. NHANES 1999-2006: n = 1150, pregnant women) were examined for this purpose. Children or women with blood lead ≥10 µg/dL or C-reactive protein (CRP) >5.0 mg/L were excluded. ID was defined as total body iron stores <0 mg/kg body weight, calculated from the ratio of soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) to serum ferritin (SF). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to characterize the sensitivity and specificity of Hb, MCV, and EP measurements in screening for ID. In detecting ID in children three to five years of age, EP (Area under the Curve (AUC) 0.80) was superior to Hb (AUC 0.62) (p < 0.01) but not statistically different from MCV (AUC 0.73). In women, EP and Hb were comparable (non-pregnant AUC 0.86 and 0.84, respectively; pregnant 0.77 and 0.74, respectively), and both were better than MCV (non-pregnant AUC 0.80; pregnant 0.70) (p < 0.01). We concluded that the sensitivity and specificity of EP in screening for ID were consistently superior to or at least as effective as those of Hb and MCV in each population examined. For children three to five years of age, EP screening for ID was significantly better than Hb and similar to MCV. For both non-pregnant and pregnant women, the performance of EP and Hb were comparable; both were significantly superior to MCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuguo Mei
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, 30300 GA, USA.
| | - Rafael C Flores-Ayala
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, 30300 GA, USA.
| | | | - Gary M Brittenham
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, 10032 NY, USA.
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26
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Hennek JW, Kumar AA, Wiltschko AB, Patton MR, Lee SYR, Brugnara C, Adams RP, Whitesides GM. Diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia using density-based fractionation of red blood cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:3929-3939. [PMID: 27713998 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00875e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a nutritional disorder that impacts over one billion people worldwide; it may cause permanent cognitive impairment in children, fatigue in adults, and suboptimal outcomes in pregnancy. IDA can be diagnosed by detection of red blood cells (RBCs) that are characteristically small (microcytic) and deficient in hemoglobin (hypochromic), typically by examining the results of a complete blood count performed by a hematology analyzer. These instruments are expensive, not portable, and require trained personnel; they are, therefore, unavailable in many low-resource settings. This paper describes a low-cost and rapid method to diagnose IDA using aqueous multiphase systems (AMPS)-thermodynamically stable mixtures of biocompatible polymers and salt that spontaneously form discrete layers having sharp steps in density. AMPS are preloaded into a microhematocrit tube and used with a drop of blood from a fingerstick. After only two minutes in a low-cost centrifuge, the tests (n = 152) were read by eye with a sensitivity of 84% (72-93%) and a specificity of 78% (68-86%), corresponding to an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.89. The AMPS test outperforms diagnosis by hemoglobin alone (AUC = 0.73) and is comparable to methods used in clinics like reticulocyte hemoglobin concentration (AUC = 0.91). Standard machine learning tools were used to analyze images of the resulting tests captured by a standard desktop scanner to 1) slightly improve diagnosis of IDA-sensitivity of 90% (83-96%) and a specificity of 77% (64-87%), and 2) predict several important red blood cell parameters, such as mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. These results suggest that the use of AMPS combined with machine learning provides an approach to developing point-of-care hematology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alex B Wiltschko
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, USA and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | | | | | - Carlo Brugnara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, USA.
| | | | - George M Whitesides
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, USA and Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, USA
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27
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Differential Regulation of the Two Ferrochelatase Paralogues in Shewanella loihica PV-4 in Response to Environmental Stresses. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:5077-88. [PMID: 27287322 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00203-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Determining the function and regulation of paralogues is important in understanding microbial functional genomics and environmental adaptation. Heme homeostasis is crucial for the survival of environmental microorganisms. Most Shewanella species encode two paralogues of ferrochelatase, the terminal enzyme in the heme biosynthesis pathway. The function and transcriptional regulation of two ferrochelatase genes, hemH1 and hemH2, were investigated in Shewanella loihica PV-4. The disruption of hemH1 but not hemH2 resulted in a significant accumulation of extracellular protoporphyrin IX (PPIX), the precursor to heme, and decreased intracellular heme levels. hemH1 was constitutively expressed, and the expression of hemH2 increased when hemH1 was disrupted. The transcription of hemH1 was regulated by the housekeeping sigma factor RpoD and potentially regulated by OxyR, while hemH2 appeared to be regulated by the oxidative stress-associated sigma factor RpoE2. When an oxidative stress condition was mimicked by adding H2O2 to the medium or exposing the culture to light, PPIX accumulation was suppressed in the ΔhemH1 mutant. Consistently, transcriptome analysis indicated enhanced iron uptake and suppressed heme synthesis in the ΔhemH1 mutant. These data indicate that the two paralogues are functional in the heme synthesis pathway but regulated by environmental conditions, providing insights into the understanding of bacterial response to environmental stresses and a great potential to commercially produce porphyrin compounds. IMPORTANCE Shewanella is capable of utilizing a variety of electron acceptors for anaerobic respiration because of the existence of multiple c-type cytochromes in which heme is an essential component. The cytochrome-mediated electron transfer across cellular membranes could potentially be used for biotechnological purposes, such as electricity generation in microbial fuel cells and dye decolorization. However, the mechanism underlying the regulation of biosynthesis of heme and cytochromes is poorly understood. Our study has demonstrated that two ferrochelatase genes involved in heme biosynthesis are differentially regulated in response to environmental stresses, including light and reactive oxygen species. This is an excellent example showing how bacteria have evolved to maintain cellular heme homeostasis. More interestingly, the high yields of extracellular protoporphyrin IX by the Shewanella loihica PV-4 mutants could be utilized for commercial production of this valuable chemical via bacterial fermentation.
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Winter M, Funk J, Körner A, Alberati D, Christen F, Schmitt G, Altmann B, Pospischil A, Singer T. Effects of GlyT1 inhibition on erythropoiesis and iron homeostasis in rats. Exp Hematol 2016; 44:964-974.e4. [PMID: 27403535 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Glycine is a key rate-limiting component of heme biosynthesis in erythropoietic cells, where the high intracellular glycine demand is primarily supplied by the glycine transporter 1 (GlyT1). The impact of intracellular glycine restriction after GlyT1 inhibition on hematopoiesis and iron regulation is not well established. We investigated the effects of a potent and selective inhibitor of GlyT1, bitopertin, on erythropoiesis and iron homeostasis in rats. GlyT1 inhibition significantly affected erythroid heme biosynthesis, manifesting as microcytic hypochromic regenerative anemia with a 20% steady-state reduction in hemoglobin. Reduced erythropoietic iron utilization was characterized by down-regulation of the transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) on reticulocytes and modest increased iron storage in the spleen. Hepatic hepcidin expression was not affected. However, under the condition of reduced heme biosynthesis with reduced iron reutilization and increased storage iron, hepcidin at the lower and higher range of normal showed a striking role in tissue distribution of iron. Rapid formation of iron-positive inclusion bodies (IBs) was observed in circulating reticulocytes, with an ultrastructure of iron-containing polymorphic mitochondrial remnants. IB or mitochondrial iron accumulation was absent in bone marrow erythroblasts. In conclusion, GlyT1 inhibition in rats induced a steady-state microcytic hypochromic regenerative anemia and a species-specific accumulation of uncommitted mitochondrial iron in reticulocytes. Importantly, this glycine-restricted anemia provides no feedback signal for increased systemic iron acquisition and the effects reported are pathogenetically distinct from systemic iron-overload anemias and erythropoietic disorders such as acquired sideroblastic anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Winter
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Jürgen Funk
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Annette Körner
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Alberati
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Neuroscience Discovery, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Francois Christen
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Georg Schmitt
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Altmann
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Pospischil
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Singer
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
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29
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LeBlanc MA, Bettle A, Berman JN, Price VE, Pambrun C, Yu Z, Tiller M, McMaster CR, Fernandez CV. Study of Glycine and Folic Acid Supplementation to Ameliorate Transfusion Dependence in Congenital SLC25A38 Mutated Sideroblastic Anemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2016; 63:1307-9. [PMID: 27038157 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.25981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Congenital sideroblastic anemia (CSA) is a hematological disorder characterized by the presence of ringed sideroblasts in bone marrow erythroid precursors. Mutations in the erythroid-specific glycine mitochondrial transporter gene SLC25A38 have been found in a subset of patients with transfusion-dependent congenital CSA. Further studies in a zebrafish model identified a promising ameliorative strategy with combined supplementation with glycine and folate. We tested this combination in three individuals with SLC25A38 CSA, with a primary objective to decrease red blood cell transfusion requirements. No significant impact was observed on transfusion requirements or any hematologic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Bettle
- School of Nursing, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Canada
| | - Jason N Berman
- Divison of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Canada
| | - Victoria E Price
- Divison of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Canada
| | - Chantale Pambrun
- Department of Hematopathology, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Canada
| | - Zhijie Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Marilyn Tiller
- Department of Pharmacy, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Canada
| | | | - Conrad V Fernandez
- Divison of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Canada
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30
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Hennig G, Homann C, Teksan I, Hasbargen U, Hasmüller S, Holdt LM, Khaled N, Sroka R, Stauch T, Stepp H, Vogeser M, Brittenham GM. Non-invasive detection of iron deficiency by fluorescence measurement of erythrocyte zinc protoporphyrin in the lip. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10776. [PMID: 26883939 PMCID: PMC4757790 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, more individuals have iron deficiency than any other health problem. Most of those affected are unaware of their lack of iron, in part because detection of iron deficiency has required a blood sample. Here we report a non-invasive method to optically measure an established indicator of iron status, red blood cell zinc protoporphyrin, in the microcirculation of the lower lip. An optical fibre probe is used to illuminate the lip and acquire fluorescence emission spectra in ∼1 min. Dual-wavelength excitation with spectral fitting is used to distinguish the faint zinc protoporphyrin fluorescence from the much greater tissue background fluorescence, providing immediate results. In 56 women, 35 of whom were iron-deficient, the sensitivity and specificity of optical non-invasive detection of iron deficiency were 97% and 90%, respectively. This fluorescence method potentially provides a rapid, easy to use means for point-of-care screening for iron deficiency in resource-limited settings lacking laboratory infrastructure. Iron deficiency, the most common health problem in the world, has required a blood test for diagnosis. Here, the authors show that iron deficiency can be detected non-invasively and quickly by measuring the fluorescence of red blood cell zinc protoporphyrin in the microcirculation of the lip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Hennig
- Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE-Zentrum, Klinikum der Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 19, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Homann
- Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE-Zentrum, Klinikum der Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 19, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ilknur Teksan
- Perinatalzentrum Großhadern, Klinikum der Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Uwe Hasbargen
- Perinatalzentrum Großhadern, Klinikum der Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Hasmüller
- Perinatalzentrum Großhadern, Klinikum der Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Lesca M Holdt
- Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinikum der Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Ronald Sroka
- Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE-Zentrum, Klinikum der Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 19, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Stauch
- Deutsches Kompetenz-Zentrum für Porphyriediagnostik und Konsultation, MVZ Labor PD Dr. Volkmann und Kollegen GbR, Kriegsstrasse 99, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Herbert Stepp
- Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE-Zentrum, Klinikum der Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 19, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Vogeser
- Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinikum der Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Gary M Brittenham
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, Children's Hospital of New York, Room CHN 10-08, 3959 Broadway, New York, New York 10032, USA
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31
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Kawamura S, Yoshioka T, Mito N, Kishimoto N, Nakaoka M, Fantel AG. Mechanism of Developmental Effects in Rats Caused by an N-Phenylimide Herbicide: Transient Fetal Anemia and Sequelae during Mid-to-Late Gestation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 107:45-59. [PMID: 26865470 DOI: 10.1002/bdrb.21172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rat developmental toxicity including embryolethality and teratogenicity (mainly ventricular septal defects [VSDs] and wavy ribs) was produced by an N-phenylimide herbicide that inhibits protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) common to chlorophyll and heme biosynthesis. Major characteristics of the developmental toxicity included species difference between rats and rabbits, compound-specific difference among structurally similar herbicides, and sensitive period. Protoporphyrin accumulation in treated fetuses closely correlated with the major characteristics. Iron deposits in erythroblastic mitochondria and degeneration of erythroblasts were observed in treated rat fetuses. In this study we investigated fetal anemia and subsequent developmental effects in rats, and inhibition of PPO in rats, rabbits, and humans by the herbicides in vitro. METHODS Fetuses were treated on gestational day (GD) 12 and removed on GDs 13 through 20. All litters were examined externally. One half of litters were examined for blood and skeletal development, and the other half for interventricular foramen closure. Effects on PPO were determined in mitochondria from embryos and adult livers. RESULTS Fetal anemia in rats was evident on GDs 13 through 16. Subsequently, enlarged heart, delayed closure of the foramen, reduced serum protein, and retarded rib ossification were observed. In vitro PPO inhibition exhibited species- and compound-specific differences corresponding to the developmental toxicity. CONCLUSION We propose that developmental toxicity results from PPO inhibition in primitive erythroblasts, causing transient fetal anemia followed by death. Compensatory enlargement of the fetal heart results in failure of interventricular foramen closure and VSD. Reduced serum protein leads to delayed ossification and wavy ribs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kawamura
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co. Ltd, Konohana-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takafumi Yoshioka
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co. Ltd, Konohana-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Mito
- Intellectual Property Department, Sumitomo Chemical Co. Ltd, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kishimoto
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co. Ltd, Konohana-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masanao Nakaoka
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co. Ltd, Konohana-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Alan G Fantel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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32
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Fernández-Murray JP, Prykhozhij SV, Dufay JN, Steele SL, Gaston D, Nasrallah GK, Coombs AJ, Liwski RS, Fernandez CV, Berman JN, McMaster CR. Glycine and Folate Ameliorate Models of Congenital Sideroblastic Anemia. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005783. [PMID: 26821380 PMCID: PMC4731144 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sideroblastic anemias are acquired or inherited anemias that result in a decreased ability to synthesize hemoglobin in red blood cells and result in the presence of iron deposits in the mitochondria of red blood cell precursors. A common subtype of congenital sideroblastic anemia is due to autosomal recessive mutations in the SLC25A38 gene. The current treatment for SLC25A38 congenital sideroblastic anemia is chronic blood transfusion coupled with iron chelation. The function of SLC25A38 is not known. Here we report that the SLC25A38 protein, and its yeast homolog Hem25, are mitochondrial glycine transporters required for the initiation of heme synthesis. To do so, we took advantage of the fact that mitochondrial glycine has several roles beyond the synthesis of heme, including the synthesis of folate derivatives through the glycine cleavage system. The data were consistent with Hem25 not being the sole mitochondrial glycine importer, and we identify a second SLC25 family member Ymc1, as a potential secondary mitochondrial glycine importer. Based on these findings, we observed that high levels of exogenous glycine, or 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-Ala) a metabolite downstream of Hem25 in heme biosynthetic pathway, were able to restore heme levels to normal in yeast cells lacking Hem25 function. While neither glycine nor 5-Ala could ameliorate SLC25A38 congenital sideroblastic anemia in a zebrafish model, we determined that the addition of folate with glycine was able to restore hemoglobin levels. This difference is likely due to the fact that yeast can synthesize folate, whereas in zebrafish folate is an essential vitamin that must be obtained exogenously. Given the tolerability of glycine and folate in humans, this study points to a potential novel treatment for SLC25A38 congenital sideroblastic anemia. Mutations in the SLC25A38 gene cause an inherited anemia. In this study we determine that the function of SLC25A38, and its yeast homolgue Hem25, is to act as mitochondrial glycine importers providing a molecular explanation for why patients with SLC25A38 mutations have low hemoglobin levels and become anemic. Using this new knowledge, we go on to determine that supplementation with glycine and folate restore hemoglobin levels in a zebrafish model of the disease pointing to a potentially new, safe, and cost effective treatment for SLC25A38 congenital sideroblastic anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergey V. Prykhozhij
- Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - J. Noelia Dufay
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Shelby L. Steele
- Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Daniel Gaston
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | | | - Andrew J. Coombs
- Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | | | - Conrad V. Fernandez
- Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Jason N. Berman
- Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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33
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Pelucchi S, Pelloni I, Arosio C, Mariani R, Piperno A. Does aceruloplasminemia modulate iron phenotype in thalassemia intermedia? Blood Cells Mol Dis 2015; 57:112-4. [PMID: 26777753 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pelucchi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Irene Pelloni
- Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hemochromatosis, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | | | - Raffaella Mariani
- Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hemochromatosis, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Alberto Piperno
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hemochromatosis, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy; Consortium for Human Molecular Genetics, Monza, Italy.
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34
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Huang P, Liu C, Li B, Zheng Y, Zou R, Huang J, Hu Z, Yuan Y. Preoperative mean corpuscular hemoglobin affecting long-term outcomes of hepatectomized patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Clin Oncol 2015; 4:229-236. [PMID: 26893867 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2015.705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pretreatment anemia has been reported to be associated with survival in several solid tumor types. In terms of survival, only limited data on the hemoglobin (HGB) level in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been published and no data on mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) level in HCC is available. The present study sought to examine the role of HGB and MCH levels in predicting long-term survival of patients with HCC who undergo resection. A retrospective study of 399 consecutive patients (1987-1994) who underwent hepatic resection for HCC in Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Centre was performed. Serum HGB and MCH levels were examined preoperatively, and their prognostic capabilities were evaluated by Cox's proportional hazard model. Among the whole cohort, the HGB level appeared to be positively correlated with the MCH level (P<0.001). Survival analysis revealed that low levels of HGB (P=0.007) and MCH (P<0.001) were correlated with shorter overall survival (OS). Multivariate analysis revealed that MCH level was independently associated with OS (P<0.001), however, not HGB (P=0.278). In addition, 129 patients with large HCC (≥10 cm) tended to have a poorer OS (P<0.001) when compared with patients with smaller HCC. On subanalysis of patients with large HCC, MCH level also retained its stratified significance (P=0.001). Along with common clinicopathological variables, these results suggested that MCH, however, not HGB, may be useful in assessing prognosis for patients with HCC who undergo hepatectomy, particularly in identifying patients with large HCC who are most likely benefit from resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinzhu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China; Gastrointestinal Institute and Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
| | - Chunhong Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528403, P.R. China
| | - Binkui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Yun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Ruhai Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Jun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China; Gastrointestinal Institute and Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
| | - Zemin Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528403, P.R. China
| | - Yunfei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
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Erythrocyte Catalase Activity in More Frequent Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia: Beta-Thalassemia Trait and Iron Deficiency Anemia. Adv Hematol 2015; 2015:343571. [PMID: 26527217 PMCID: PMC4615862 DOI: 10.1155/2015/343571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Most common microcytic hypochromic anemias are iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and β-thalassemia trait (BTT), in which oxidative stress (OxS) has an essential role. Catalase causes detoxification of H2O2 in cells, and it is an indispensable antioxidant enzyme. The study was designed to measure erythrocyte catalase activity (ECAT) in patients with IDA (10) or BTT (21), to relate it with thalassemia mutation type (β0 or β+) and to compare it with normal subjects (67). Ninety-eight individuals were analyzed since September 2013 to June 2014 in Tucumán, Argentina. Total blood count, hemoglobin electrophoresis at alkaline pH, HbA2, catalase, and iron status were performed. β-thalassemic mutations were determined by real-time PCR. Normal range for ECAT was 70,0–130,0 MU/L. ECAT was increased in 14% (3/21) of BTT subjects and decreased in 40% (4/10) of those with IDA. No significant difference (p = 0,245) was shown between normal and BTT groups, while between IDA and normal groups the difference was proved to be significant (p = 0,000). In β0 and β+ groups, no significant difference (p = 0,359) was observed. An altered ECAT was detected in IDA and BTT. These results will help to clarify how the catalase activity works in these anemia types.
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Gunaratna NS, Masanja H, Mrema S, Levira F, Spiegelman D, Hertzmark E, Saronga N, Irema K, Shuma M, Elisaria E, Fawzi W. Multivitamin and iron supplementation to prevent periconceptional anemia in rural tanzanian women: a randomized, controlled trial. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121552. [PMID: 25905863 PMCID: PMC4408096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Women's nutritional status during conception and early pregnancy can influence maternal and infant outcomes. This study examined the efficacy of pre-pregnancy supplementation with iron and multivitamins to reduce the prevalence of anemia during the periconceptional period among rural Tanzanian women and adolescent girls. DESIGN A double-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted in which participants were individually randomized to receive daily oral supplements of folic acid alone, folic acid and iron, or folic acid, iron, and vitamins A, B-complex, C, and E at approximately single recommended dietary allowance (RDA) doses for six months. SETTING Rural Rufiji District, Tanzania. SUBJECTS Non-pregnant women and adolescent girls aged 15-29 years (n = 802). RESULTS The study arms were comparable in demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, food security, nutritional status, pregnancy history, and compliance with the regimen (p>0.05). In total, 561 participants (70%) completed the study and were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. Hemoglobin levels were not different across treatments (median: 11.1 g/dL, Q1-Q3: 10.0-12.4 g/dL, p = 0.65). However, compared with the folic acid arm (28%), there was a significant reduction in the risk of hypochromic microcytic anemia in the folic acid and iron arm (17%, RR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.42-0.90, p = 0.01) and the folic acid, iron, and multivitamin arm (19%, RR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.45-0.96, p = 0.03). Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) to adjust for potential selection bias due to loss to follow-up did not materially change these results. The effect of the regimens was not modified by frequency of household meat consumption, baseline underweight status, parity, breastfeeding status, or level of compliance (in all cases, p for interaction>0.2). CONCLUSIONS Daily oral supplementation with iron and folic acid among women and adolescents prior to pregnancy reduces risk of anemia. The potential benefits of supplementation on the risk of periconceptional anemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes warrant investigation in larger studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01183572.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilupa S. Gunaratna
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Donna Spiegelman
- Departments of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ellen Hertzmark
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Naomi Saronga
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Kahema Irema
- Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Mary Shuma
- Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | - Wafaie Fawzi
- Departments of Global Health and Population, Epidemiology, and Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Takasawa K, Takaeda C, Maeda T, Ueda N. Hepcidin-25, mean corpuscular volume, and ferritin as predictors of response to oral iron supplementation in hemodialysis patients. Nutrients 2014; 7:103-18. [PMID: 25551249 PMCID: PMC4303829 DOI: 10.3390/nu7010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The benefit of oral iron therapy (OIT) and factors predictive of OIT response are not established in hemodialysis (HD) patients with iron deficiency anemia (IDA). We examined the values of hepcidin-25, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and ferritin as predictors of OIT response. Oral ferrous fumarate (50 mg/day, 8 weeks) was given to 51 HD patients with IDA (hemoglobin (Hb) < 12 g/dL, ferritin < 100 ng/mL) treated with an erythropoietin activator. Sixteen patients were responders (improvement of Hb (ΔHb) ≥ 2 g/dL) and 35 were non-responders (ΔHb < 2g/dL). Baseline Hb, MCV, serum hepcidin-25, ferritin, iron parameters, and C-reactive protein (CRP) before and ΔHb after OIT were compared between groups. Hepcidin-25, MCV, ferritin, and transferrin saturation were lower in the responders than in the non-responders. Hepcidin-25 positively correlated with ferritin. Hepcidin-25, MCV, and ferritin positively correlated with baseline Hb and negatively correlated with ΔHb. Despite normal CRP levels in all patients, CRP correlated positively with hepcidin-25 and ferritin. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis and receiver operating characteristics curve analysis revealed that hepcidin-25, MCV, and ferritin could predict OIT response. We conclude that hepcidin-25, MCV, and ferritin could be useful markers of iron storage status and may help predict OIT response in HD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Takasawa
- Renal Division, Public Central Hospital of Matto Ishikawa, 3-8 Kuramitsu, Hakusan, Ishikawa 924-8588, Japan.
| | - Chikako Takaeda
- Renal Division, Public Central Hospital of Matto Ishikawa, 3-8 Kuramitsu, Hakusan, Ishikawa 924-8588, Japan.
| | - Teiryo Maeda
- Biomarker Society, 1-403 Kosugi, Nakahara, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 211-0063, Japan.
| | - Norishi Ueda
- Department of Pediatrics, Public Central Hospital of Matto Ishikawa, 3-8 Kuramitsu, Hakusan, Ishikawa 924-8588, Japan.
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Gulec S, Anderson GJ, Collins JF. Mechanistic and regulatory aspects of intestinal iron absorption. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2014; 307:G397-409. [PMID: 24994858 PMCID: PMC4137115 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00348.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an essential trace mineral that plays a number of important physiological roles in humans, including oxygen transport, energy metabolism, and neurotransmitter synthesis. Iron absorption by the proximal small bowel is a critical checkpoint in the maintenance of whole-body iron levels since, unlike most other essential nutrients, no regulated excretory systems exist for iron in humans. Maintaining proper iron levels is critical to avoid the adverse physiological consequences of either low or high tissue iron concentrations, as commonly occurs in iron-deficiency anemia and hereditary hemochromatosis, respectively. Exquisite regulatory mechanisms have thus evolved to modulate how much iron is acquired from the diet. Systemic sensing of iron levels is accomplished by a network of molecules that regulate transcription of the HAMP gene in hepatocytes, thus modulating levels of the serum-borne, iron-regulatory hormone hepcidin. Hepcidin decreases intestinal iron absorption by binding to the iron exporter ferroportin 1 on the basolateral surface of duodenal enterocytes, causing its internalization and degradation. Mucosal regulation of iron transport also occurs during low-iron states, via transcriptional (by hypoxia-inducible factor 2α) and posttranscriptional (by the iron-sensing iron-regulatory protein/iron-responsive element system) mechanisms. Recent studies demonstrated that these regulatory loops function in tandem to control expression or activity of key modulators of iron homeostasis. In health, body iron levels are maintained at appropriate levels; however, in several inherited disorders and in other pathophysiological states, iron sensing is perturbed and intestinal iron absorption is dysregulated. The iron-related phenotypes of these diseases exemplify the necessity of precisely regulating iron absorption to meet body demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukru Gulec
- 1Food Science & Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | | | - James F. Collins
- 1Food Science & Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and
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Hennig G, Gruber C, Vogeser M, Stepp H, Dittmar S, Sroka R, Brittenham GM. Dual-wavelength excitation for fluorescence-based quantification of zinc protoporphyrin IX and protoporphyrin IX in whole blood. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2014; 7:514-524. [PMID: 23450826 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201200228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of erythrocyte zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP) and protoporphyrin IX (PPIX), individually or jointly, is useful for the diagnostic evaluation of iron deficiency, iron-restricted erythropoiesis, lead exposure, and porphyrias. A method for simultaneous quantification of ZnPP and PPIX in unwashed blood samples is described, using dual-wavelength excitation to effectively eliminate background fluorescence from other blood constituents. In blood samples from 35 subjects, the results of the dual-wavelength excitation method and a reference high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay were closely correlated both for ZnPP (rs = 0.943, p < 0.0001; range 37-689 μmol ZnPP/mol heme, 84-1238 nmol/L) and for PPIX (rs = 0.959, p < 0.0001; range 42-4212 μmol PPIX/mol heme, 93-5394 nmol/L). In addition, for ZnPP, the proposed method is compared with conventional single-wavelength excitation and with commercial front-face fluorimetry of washed erythrocytes and whole blood. We hypothesize that dual-wavelength excitation fluorimetry will provide a new approach to the suppression of background fluorescence in blood and tissue measurements of ZnPP and PPIX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Hennig
- Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE Center, Klinikum der Universität München, Marchioninistr. 23, 81377 München, Germany.
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Hoster E, Klapper W, Hermine O, Kluin-Nelemans HC, Walewski J, van Hoof A, Trneny M, Geisler CH, Di Raimondo F, Szymczyk M, Stilgenbauer S, Thieblemont C, Hallek M, Forstpointner R, Pott C, Ribrag V, Doorduijn J, Hiddemann W, Dreyling MH, Unterhalt M. Confirmation of the Mantle-Cell Lymphoma International Prognostic Index in Randomized Trials of the European Mantle-Cell Lymphoma Network. J Clin Oncol 2014; 32:1338-46. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.52.2466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PurposeMantle-cell lymphoma (MCL) is a distinct B-cell lymphoma associated with poor outcome. In 2008, the MCL International Prognostic Index (MIPI) was developed as the first prognostic stratification tool specifically directed to patients with MCL. External validation was planned to be performed on the cohort of the two recently completed randomized trials of the European MCL Network.Patients and MethodsData of 958 patients with MCL (median age, 65 years; range, 32 to 87 years) treated upfront in the trials MCL Younger or MCL Elderly were pooled to assess the prognostic value of MIPI with respect to overall survival (OS) and time to treatment failure (TTF).ResultsFive-year OS rates in MIPI low, intermediate, and high-risk groups were 83%, 63%, and 34%, respectively. The hazard ratios for OS of intermediate versus low and high versus intermediate risk patients were 2.1 (95% CI, 1.5 to 2.9) and 2.6 (2.0 to 3.3), respectively. MIPI was similarly prognostic for TTF. All four clinical baseline characteristics constituting the MIPI, age, performance status, lactate dehydrogenase level, and WBC count, were confirmed as independent prognostic factors for OS and TTF. The validity of MIPI was independent of trial cohort and treatment strategy.ConclusionMIPI was prospectively validated in a large MCL patient cohort homogenously treated according to recognized standards. As reflected in current guidelines, MIPI represents a generally applicable prognostic tool to be used in research as well as in clinical routine, and it can help to develop risk-adapted treatment strategies to further improve clinical outcome in MCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Hoster
- Eva Hoster, Roswitha Forstpointner, Wolfgang Hiddemann, Martin H. Dreyling, and Michael Unterhalt, University Hospital Munich; Eva Hoster, University of Munich, Munich; Wolfram Klapper, University of Kiel; Christiane Pott, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Michael Hallek, Universität Köln, Köln; Stephan Stilgenbauer, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Olivier Hermine, University Paris Descartes and Université Sorbonne Paris Cité; Catherine Thieblemont, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris; Vincent Ribrag
| | - Wolfram Klapper
- Eva Hoster, Roswitha Forstpointner, Wolfgang Hiddemann, Martin H. Dreyling, and Michael Unterhalt, University Hospital Munich; Eva Hoster, University of Munich, Munich; Wolfram Klapper, University of Kiel; Christiane Pott, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Michael Hallek, Universität Köln, Köln; Stephan Stilgenbauer, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Olivier Hermine, University Paris Descartes and Université Sorbonne Paris Cité; Catherine Thieblemont, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris; Vincent Ribrag
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Eva Hoster, Roswitha Forstpointner, Wolfgang Hiddemann, Martin H. Dreyling, and Michael Unterhalt, University Hospital Munich; Eva Hoster, University of Munich, Munich; Wolfram Klapper, University of Kiel; Christiane Pott, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Michael Hallek, Universität Köln, Köln; Stephan Stilgenbauer, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Olivier Hermine, University Paris Descartes and Université Sorbonne Paris Cité; Catherine Thieblemont, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris; Vincent Ribrag
| | - Hanneke C. Kluin-Nelemans
- Eva Hoster, Roswitha Forstpointner, Wolfgang Hiddemann, Martin H. Dreyling, and Michael Unterhalt, University Hospital Munich; Eva Hoster, University of Munich, Munich; Wolfram Klapper, University of Kiel; Christiane Pott, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Michael Hallek, Universität Köln, Köln; Stephan Stilgenbauer, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Olivier Hermine, University Paris Descartes and Université Sorbonne Paris Cité; Catherine Thieblemont, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris; Vincent Ribrag
| | - Jan Walewski
- Eva Hoster, Roswitha Forstpointner, Wolfgang Hiddemann, Martin H. Dreyling, and Michael Unterhalt, University Hospital Munich; Eva Hoster, University of Munich, Munich; Wolfram Klapper, University of Kiel; Christiane Pott, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Michael Hallek, Universität Köln, Köln; Stephan Stilgenbauer, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Olivier Hermine, University Paris Descartes and Université Sorbonne Paris Cité; Catherine Thieblemont, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris; Vincent Ribrag
| | - Achiel van Hoof
- Eva Hoster, Roswitha Forstpointner, Wolfgang Hiddemann, Martin H. Dreyling, and Michael Unterhalt, University Hospital Munich; Eva Hoster, University of Munich, Munich; Wolfram Klapper, University of Kiel; Christiane Pott, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Michael Hallek, Universität Köln, Köln; Stephan Stilgenbauer, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Olivier Hermine, University Paris Descartes and Université Sorbonne Paris Cité; Catherine Thieblemont, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris; Vincent Ribrag
| | - Marek Trneny
- Eva Hoster, Roswitha Forstpointner, Wolfgang Hiddemann, Martin H. Dreyling, and Michael Unterhalt, University Hospital Munich; Eva Hoster, University of Munich, Munich; Wolfram Klapper, University of Kiel; Christiane Pott, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Michael Hallek, Universität Köln, Köln; Stephan Stilgenbauer, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Olivier Hermine, University Paris Descartes and Université Sorbonne Paris Cité; Catherine Thieblemont, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris; Vincent Ribrag
| | - Christian H. Geisler
- Eva Hoster, Roswitha Forstpointner, Wolfgang Hiddemann, Martin H. Dreyling, and Michael Unterhalt, University Hospital Munich; Eva Hoster, University of Munich, Munich; Wolfram Klapper, University of Kiel; Christiane Pott, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Michael Hallek, Universität Köln, Köln; Stephan Stilgenbauer, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Olivier Hermine, University Paris Descartes and Université Sorbonne Paris Cité; Catherine Thieblemont, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris; Vincent Ribrag
| | - Francesco Di Raimondo
- Eva Hoster, Roswitha Forstpointner, Wolfgang Hiddemann, Martin H. Dreyling, and Michael Unterhalt, University Hospital Munich; Eva Hoster, University of Munich, Munich; Wolfram Klapper, University of Kiel; Christiane Pott, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Michael Hallek, Universität Köln, Köln; Stephan Stilgenbauer, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Olivier Hermine, University Paris Descartes and Université Sorbonne Paris Cité; Catherine Thieblemont, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris; Vincent Ribrag
| | - Michal Szymczyk
- Eva Hoster, Roswitha Forstpointner, Wolfgang Hiddemann, Martin H. Dreyling, and Michael Unterhalt, University Hospital Munich; Eva Hoster, University of Munich, Munich; Wolfram Klapper, University of Kiel; Christiane Pott, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Michael Hallek, Universität Köln, Köln; Stephan Stilgenbauer, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Olivier Hermine, University Paris Descartes and Université Sorbonne Paris Cité; Catherine Thieblemont, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris; Vincent Ribrag
| | - Stephan Stilgenbauer
- Eva Hoster, Roswitha Forstpointner, Wolfgang Hiddemann, Martin H. Dreyling, and Michael Unterhalt, University Hospital Munich; Eva Hoster, University of Munich, Munich; Wolfram Klapper, University of Kiel; Christiane Pott, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Michael Hallek, Universität Köln, Köln; Stephan Stilgenbauer, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Olivier Hermine, University Paris Descartes and Université Sorbonne Paris Cité; Catherine Thieblemont, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris; Vincent Ribrag
| | - Catherine Thieblemont
- Eva Hoster, Roswitha Forstpointner, Wolfgang Hiddemann, Martin H. Dreyling, and Michael Unterhalt, University Hospital Munich; Eva Hoster, University of Munich, Munich; Wolfram Klapper, University of Kiel; Christiane Pott, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Michael Hallek, Universität Köln, Köln; Stephan Stilgenbauer, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Olivier Hermine, University Paris Descartes and Université Sorbonne Paris Cité; Catherine Thieblemont, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris; Vincent Ribrag
| | - Michael Hallek
- Eva Hoster, Roswitha Forstpointner, Wolfgang Hiddemann, Martin H. Dreyling, and Michael Unterhalt, University Hospital Munich; Eva Hoster, University of Munich, Munich; Wolfram Klapper, University of Kiel; Christiane Pott, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Michael Hallek, Universität Köln, Köln; Stephan Stilgenbauer, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Olivier Hermine, University Paris Descartes and Université Sorbonne Paris Cité; Catherine Thieblemont, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris; Vincent Ribrag
| | - Roswitha Forstpointner
- Eva Hoster, Roswitha Forstpointner, Wolfgang Hiddemann, Martin H. Dreyling, and Michael Unterhalt, University Hospital Munich; Eva Hoster, University of Munich, Munich; Wolfram Klapper, University of Kiel; Christiane Pott, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Michael Hallek, Universität Köln, Köln; Stephan Stilgenbauer, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Olivier Hermine, University Paris Descartes and Université Sorbonne Paris Cité; Catherine Thieblemont, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris; Vincent Ribrag
| | - Christiane Pott
- Eva Hoster, Roswitha Forstpointner, Wolfgang Hiddemann, Martin H. Dreyling, and Michael Unterhalt, University Hospital Munich; Eva Hoster, University of Munich, Munich; Wolfram Klapper, University of Kiel; Christiane Pott, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Michael Hallek, Universität Köln, Köln; Stephan Stilgenbauer, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Olivier Hermine, University Paris Descartes and Université Sorbonne Paris Cité; Catherine Thieblemont, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris; Vincent Ribrag
| | - Vincent Ribrag
- Eva Hoster, Roswitha Forstpointner, Wolfgang Hiddemann, Martin H. Dreyling, and Michael Unterhalt, University Hospital Munich; Eva Hoster, University of Munich, Munich; Wolfram Klapper, University of Kiel; Christiane Pott, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Michael Hallek, Universität Köln, Köln; Stephan Stilgenbauer, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Olivier Hermine, University Paris Descartes and Université Sorbonne Paris Cité; Catherine Thieblemont, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris; Vincent Ribrag
| | - Jeanette Doorduijn
- Eva Hoster, Roswitha Forstpointner, Wolfgang Hiddemann, Martin H. Dreyling, and Michael Unterhalt, University Hospital Munich; Eva Hoster, University of Munich, Munich; Wolfram Klapper, University of Kiel; Christiane Pott, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Michael Hallek, Universität Köln, Köln; Stephan Stilgenbauer, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Olivier Hermine, University Paris Descartes and Université Sorbonne Paris Cité; Catherine Thieblemont, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris; Vincent Ribrag
| | - Wolfgang Hiddemann
- Eva Hoster, Roswitha Forstpointner, Wolfgang Hiddemann, Martin H. Dreyling, and Michael Unterhalt, University Hospital Munich; Eva Hoster, University of Munich, Munich; Wolfram Klapper, University of Kiel; Christiane Pott, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Michael Hallek, Universität Köln, Köln; Stephan Stilgenbauer, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Olivier Hermine, University Paris Descartes and Université Sorbonne Paris Cité; Catherine Thieblemont, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris; Vincent Ribrag
| | - Martin H. Dreyling
- Eva Hoster, Roswitha Forstpointner, Wolfgang Hiddemann, Martin H. Dreyling, and Michael Unterhalt, University Hospital Munich; Eva Hoster, University of Munich, Munich; Wolfram Klapper, University of Kiel; Christiane Pott, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Michael Hallek, Universität Köln, Köln; Stephan Stilgenbauer, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Olivier Hermine, University Paris Descartes and Université Sorbonne Paris Cité; Catherine Thieblemont, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris; Vincent Ribrag
| | - Michael Unterhalt
- Eva Hoster, Roswitha Forstpointner, Wolfgang Hiddemann, Martin H. Dreyling, and Michael Unterhalt, University Hospital Munich; Eva Hoster, University of Munich, Munich; Wolfram Klapper, University of Kiel; Christiane Pott, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Michael Hallek, Universität Köln, Köln; Stephan Stilgenbauer, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Olivier Hermine, University Paris Descartes and Université Sorbonne Paris Cité; Catherine Thieblemont, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris; Vincent Ribrag
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Endogenous siderophore 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid deficiency promotes anemia and splenic iron overload in mice. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:2533-46. [PMID: 24777603 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00231-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotes produce a siderophore-like molecule via a remarkably conserved biosynthetic pathway. 3-OH butyrate dehydrogenase (BDH2), a member of the short-chain dehydrogenase (SDR) family of reductases, catalyzes a rate-limiting step in the biogenesis of the mammalian siderophore 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,5-DHBA). Depletion of the mammalian siderophore by inhibiting expression of bdh2 results in abnormal accumulation of intracellular iron and mitochondrial iron deficiency in cultured mammalian cells, as well as in yeast cells and zebrafish embryos We disrupted murine bdh2 by homologous recombination to analyze the effect of bdh2 deletion on erythropoiesis and iron metabolism. bdh2 null mice developed microcytic anemia and tissue iron overload, especially in the spleen. Exogenous supplementation with 2,5-DHBA alleviates splenic iron overload in bdh2 null mice. Additionally, bdh2 null mice exhibit reduced serum iron. Although BDH2 has been proposed to oxidize ketone bodies, we found that BDH2 deficiency did not alter ketone body metabolism in vivo. In sum, our findings demonstrate a key role for BDH2 in erythropoiesis.
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Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of microcytic anemias due to genetic disorders of iron metabolism or heme synthesis. Blood 2014; 123:3873-86; quiz 4005. [PMID: 24665134 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-01-548776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
During recent years, our understanding of the pathogenesis of inherited microcytic anemias has gained from the identification of several genes and proteins involved in systemic and cellular iron metabolism and heme syntheses. Numerous case reports illustrate that the implementation of these novel molecular discoveries in clinical practice has increased our understanding of the presentation, diagnosis, and management of these diseases. Integration of these insights into daily clinical practice will reduce delays in establishing a proper diagnosis, invasive and/or costly diagnostic tests, and unnecessary or even detrimental treatments. To assist the clinician, we developed evidence-based multidisciplinary guidelines on the management of rare microcytic anemias due to genetic disorders of iron metabolism and heme synthesis. These genetic disorders may present at all ages, and therefore these guidelines are relevant for pediatricians as well as clinicians who treat adults. This article summarizes these clinical practice guidelines and includes background on pathogenesis, conclusions, and recommendations and a diagnostic flowchart to facilitate using these guidelines in the clinical setting.
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Moon SY, Jun IJ, Kim JE, Lee SJ, Kim HK, Yoon SS. A novel hemizygous I418S mutation in the ALAS2 gene in a young Korean man with X-linked sideroblastic anemia. Ann Lab Med 2014; 34:159-62. [PMID: 24624355 PMCID: PMC3948832 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2014.34.2.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Soo Young Moon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Jae Jun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Jun Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Kyung Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Koury MJ. Abnormal erythropoiesis and the pathophysiology of chronic anemia. Blood Rev 2014; 28:49-66. [PMID: 24560123 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoiesis, the bone marrow production of erythrocytes by the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic cells, replaces the daily loss of 1% of circulating erythrocytes that are senescent. This daily output increases dramatically with hemolysis or hemorrhage. When erythrocyte production rate of erythrocytes is less than the rate of loss, chronic anemia develops. Normal erythropoiesis and specific abnormalities of erythropoiesis that cause chronic anemia are considered during three periods of differentiation: a) multilineage and pre-erythropoietin-dependent hematopoietic progenitors, b) erythropoietin-dependent progenitor cells, and c) terminally differentiating erythroblasts. These erythropoietic abnormalities are discussed in terms of their pathophysiological effects on the bone marrow cells and the resultant changes that can be detected in the peripheral blood using a clinical laboratory test, the complete blood count.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Koury
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University and Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, 777 Preston Research Building, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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47
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Cau M, Melis MA, Congiu R, Galanello R. Iron-deficiency anemia secondary to mutations in genes controlling hepcidin. Expert Rev Hematol 2014; 3:205-16. [DOI: 10.1586/ehm.10.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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48
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De Falco L, Sanchez M, Silvestri L, Kannengiesser C, Muckenthaler MU, Iolascon A, Gouya L, Camaschella C, Beaumont C. Iron refractory iron deficiency anemia. Haematologica 2013; 98:845-53. [PMID: 23729726 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2012.075515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron refractory iron deficiency anemia is a hereditary recessive anemia due to a defect in the TMPRSS6 gene encoding Matriptase-2. This protein is a transmembrane serine protease that plays an essential role in down-regulating hepcidin, the key regulator of iron homeostasis. Hallmarks of this disease are microcytic hypochromic anemia, low transferrin saturation and normal/high serum hepcidin values. The anemia appears in the post-natal period, although in some cases it is only diagnosed in adulthood. The disease is refractory to oral iron treatment but shows a slow response to intravenous iron injections and partial correction of the anemia. To date, 40 different Matriptase-2 mutations have been reported, affecting all the functional domains of the large ectodomain of the protein. In vitro experiments on transfected cells suggest that Matriptase-2 cleaves Hemojuvelin, a major regulator of hepcidin expression and that this function is altered in this genetic form of anemia. In contrast to the low/undetectable hepcidin levels observed in acquired iron deficiency, in patients with Matriptase-2 deficiency, serum hepcidin is inappropriately high for the low iron status and accounts for the absent/delayed response to oral iron treatment. A challenge for the clinicians and pediatricians is the recognition of the disorder among iron deficiency and other microcytic anemias commonly found in pediatric patients. The current treatment of iron refractory iron deficiency anemia is based on parenteral iron administration; in the future, manipulation of the hepcidin pathway with the aim of suppressing it might become an alternative therapeutic approach.
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Singh A, Haldar S, Horback K, Tom C, Zhou L, Meyerson H, Singh N. Prion protein regulates iron transport by functioning as a ferrireductase. J Alzheimers Dis 2013; 35:541-52. [PMID: 23478311 DOI: 10.3233/jad-130218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Prion protein (PrPC) is implicated in the pathogenesis of prion disorders, but its normal function is unclear. We demonstrate that PrPC is a ferrireductase (FR), and its absence causes systemic iron deficiency in PrP knock-out mice (PrP-/-). When exposed to non-transferrin-bound (NTB) radioactive-iron (59FeCl3) by gastric-gavage, PrP-/- mice absorb significantly more 59Fe from the intestinal lumen relative to controls, indicating appropriate systemic response to the iron deficiency. Chronic exposure to excess dietary iron corrects this deficiency, but unlike wild-type (PrP+/+) controls that remain iron over-loaded, PrP-/- mice revert back to the iron deficient phenotype after 5 months of chase on normal diet. Bone marrow (BM) preparations of PrP-/- mice on normal diet show relatively less stainable iron, and this phenotype is only partially corrected by intraperitoneal administration of excess iron-dextran. Cultured PrP-/- BM-macrophages incorporate significantly less NTB-59Fe in the absence or presence of excess extracellular iron, indicating reduced uptake and/or storage of available iron in the absence of PrPC. When expressed in neuroblastoma cells, PrPC exhibits NAD(P)H-dependent cell-surface and intracellular FR activity that requires the copper-binding octa-peptide-repeat region and linkage to the plasma membrane for optimal function. Incorporation of NTB-59Fe by neuroblastoma cells correlates with FR activity of PrPC, implicating PrPC in cellular iron uptake and metabolism. These observations explain the correlation between PrPC expression and cellular iron levels, and the cause of iron imbalance in sporadic-Creutzfeldt-Jakob-disease brains where PrPC accumulates as insoluble aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Singh
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Ríos-Arrabal S, Artacho-Cordón F, León J, Román-Marinetto E, del Mar Salinas-Asensio M, Calvente I, Núñez MI. Involvement of free radicals in breast cancer. SPRINGERPLUS 2013; 2:404. [PMID: 24024092 PMCID: PMC3765596 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Researchers have recently shown an increased interest in free radicals and their role in the tumor microenvironment. Free radicals are molecules with high instability and reactivity due to the presence of an odd number of electrons in the outermost orbit of their atoms. Free radicals include reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which are key players in the initiation and progression of tumor cells and enhance their metastatic potential. In fact, they are now considered a hallmark of cancer. However, both reactive species may contribute to improve the outcomes of radiotherapy in cancer patients. Besides, high levels of reactive oxygen species may be indicators of genotoxic damage in non-irradiated normal tissues. The purpose of this article is to review recent research on free radicals and carcinogenesis in order to understand the pathways that contribute to tumor malignancy. This review outlines the involvement of free radicals in relevant cellular events, including their effects on genetic instability through (growth factors and tumor suppressor genes, their enhancement of mitogenic signals, and their participation in cell remodeling, proliferation, senescence, apoptosis, and autophagy processes; the possible relationship between free radicals and inflammation is also explored. This knowledge is crucial for evaluating the relevance of free radicals as therapeutic targets in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ríos-Arrabal
- />Departamento de Radiología y Medicina Física, Universidad de Granada, Av. Madrid s/n, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Artacho-Cordón
- />Departamento de Radiología y Medicina Física, Universidad de Granada, Av. Madrid s/n, 18012 Granada, Spain
- />Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Josefa León
- />Ciber de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas CIBERehd, Granada, Spain
| | - Elisa Román-Marinetto
- />Departamento de Radiología y Medicina Física, Universidad de Granada, Av. Madrid s/n, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Irene Calvente
- />Departamento de Radiología y Medicina Física, Universidad de Granada, Av. Madrid s/n, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Isabel Núñez
- />Departamento de Radiología y Medicina Física, Universidad de Granada, Av. Madrid s/n, 18012 Granada, Spain
- />Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain
- />Instituto de Biopatología y Medicina Regenerativa (IBIMER), Universidad de Granada, Av. Conocimiento, s/n, 18100 Armilla Granada, Spain
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